THERE ARE TWO TYPES OF APPLICATION SYSTEM BATCH APPLICATION SYSTEM ONLINE APPLICATION SYSTEM BATCH SYSTEM INPUT

ONLINE SYSTEM

DATA FROM CARD, DATA FROM TERMINAL TAPE, DISK. BATCHED RANDOM CONCURRENT. NEED PREPARATION CAN BE ENTERED AS DATA ARRIVE. CONCURRENT INSTANT I/O CAN BE CONCURRENT. MESSAGE TO TERMINALS. UPDATE FILE, SYSTEM LOG. REPORTS PRINTED IN LOCAL PRINTER. ONCE CICS IS INITIALIZED, ENTERING TRANSACTION ID TRIGGERS THE TRANSACTION TO START. MULTITASK. MULTITHREAD PRIORITY PROCESSING EACH TRANSACTION. ONCE CICS IS TERMINATED NO TRANSACTIONS CAN BE ENTERED. USUALLY ALMOST INSTANTLY. MORE

UPDATE RESERVED DURING JOB OF FILE OTHER JOBS HAVE TO WAIT. FILE I/O I/O MUST BE IN SEQUENCE. OUTPUT PRINTED REPORTS, OUTPUT FILES. USER MUST WAIT FOR BATCH JOBS TO PRODUCE REPORTS. START OPERATOR INITIATES OF JOB THE JOB. OTHER JOBS OTHER JOBS IN THE SAME REGION MUST WAIT PROCE- SINGLE TASK. SSING SINGLE-THREAD MODE PRIORITY IN JOB SCHEDULING. END OF EACH JOB. JOB

TURN USUALLY MUCH LONGER AROUND RESOUR LESS -CE USAGE EX MONTHLY SALARY REPORT.

AIRLINE RESERVATION.

HISTORY OF CICS -------------------------THE ADVANTAGES OF THE ONLINE SYSTEM WERE FIRST RECOGNIZED IN THE LATE 1950S AND 1960S BY SUCH BUSINESS AS THE AIRLINE AND BANKING INDUSTRIES. WHICH PIONEERED THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE LARGE-SCALE

ONLINE SYSTEMS. SINCE THEN, ONLINE SYSTEM HAVE BECOME EXPLOSIVELY POPULAR AMONG ALL INDUSTRIES. PRIOR TO CICS ---------------------UNTIL THE LATE 1960S, ALL ONLINE SYSTEMS WERE DEVELOPED ON A CUSTOMADE BASIS FOR EACH APPLICATION FOR EACH INSTALLATION. HOWEVER, DEVELOPING ONLINE SYSTEM IS A COMPLEX PROJECT INVOLVING THE OS, TELECOMMUNCATION ACCESS METHODS, DATA ACCESS METHODS AND APPLICATION PROGRAMS. THEREFORE, INSTEAD OF DEVELOPING AN ONLINE SYSTEM FROM SCRATCH EACH TIME, THE DATABASE/DATA COMMUNCATION CONTROL SYSTEM WAS DEVELOPED IN ORDER TO PROVIDE THE CONTROL FUNCTIONS OF THE ONLINE SYSTEM ENVIRONMENT. UNDER A DB/DC CONTROL SYSTEM, AN APPLICATION PROGRAM CAN CONCENTRATE ON APPLICATION PROCESSING, BEING FREE FROM CONSIDERATIONS OF OS, HARDWARE, ETC. DEVELOPING AN ONLINE APPLICATION SYSTEM UNDER THE DB/DC CONTROL SYSTEM AS A RESULT BECAME SIGNIFICANTLY EASIER AND FASTER. EARLY CICS (MACRO LEVEL) -------------------------------------------THE CICS WAS DEVELOPED BY IBM IN THE LATE 1960S AS A DB/DC CONTROL SYSTEM. CICS COMMAND LEVEL ---------------------------------OVER TIME, CICS WAS CONSTANTLY UPGRADE AND FUNCTIONALLY ENHANCED. ONE SIGNIFICANT UPGRADE WAS FROM THE MACRO LEVEL TO THE COMMAND LEVEL. CICS COMMANDS ARE THE HIGH-LEVEL LANGUAGE VERSION OF CICS MACROS, IN A SENSE THAT ONE CICS COMMAND ACHIEVES A CICS SERVICE WHICH WOULD HAVE BEEN ACHIEVED BY A SERIOUS OF CICS MACROS. THEREFORE UNDER CICS COMMAND LEVEL, APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT BECAME MUCH EASIER THAN UNDER THE CICS MACRO LEVEL. CURRENT CICS FAMILY ----------------------------------PRODUCT OS

CICS/MVS Version 2 Release 1 MVS/XA, MVS/ESA CICS/OS/VS Version 1 Release 7 MVS, MVS/XA CICS/DOS/VS Version 1 Release 7 VSE

CICS/VM Release 7 CICS OS/2

VM/SP OS/2

CICS SYSTEM CONCEPT ----------------------------------THE PRIMARY OBJECTIVE OF CICS IS TO PROVIDE THE CONTROL AND SERVICE FUNCTIONS OF THE DB/DC SYSTEM AS A PACKAGE. CICS SYSTEM COMPONENTS -----------------------------------------CICS CONSISTS OF FIVE MAJOR SYSTEM COMPONENTS, EACH OF WHICH PROVIDES THE VARIOUS SPECIALIZED CICS SERVICES AS FOLLOWS DATA COMMUNCATION FUNCTIONS ---------------------------------------------------THE COMPONENT OF DATA COMMUNICATION FUNCTIONS PROVIDES THE INTERFACE BETWEEN CICS AND TERMINALS OR OTHER SYSTEMS. THE FOLLOWING CICS SERVICES ARE OFFERED * TO INTERFACE TO TELECOMMUNCATION ACCESS METHODS, SUCH VTAM, TCAM AND BTAM. * TO FREE FROM APPLICATION PROGRAMS FROM TERMINAL HARDWARE THROUGH BASIC MAPPING SUPPORT (BMS), WHICH PROVIDES - DEVICE INDEPENDENCE - FORMAT INDEPENDENCE * TO PROVIDE MRO THROUGH WHICH MORE THAN ONE CICS REGION IN A SYSTEM CAN COMMUNICATE. * TO PROVIDE ISC THROUGH WHICH A CICS REGION OF A SYSTEM CAN COMMUNICATE WITH OTHER CICS REGIONS IN OTHER SYSTEMS OR OTHER NON-CICS SYSTEMS. DATA-HANDLING FUNCTIONS -------------------------------------------THE COMPONENT OF DATA-HANDLING FUNCTIONS PROVIDES AN INTERFACE BETWEEN CICS AND DATA. THE FOLLOWING CICS SERVICES ARE OFFERED * TO INTERFACE WITH DATA ACCESS METHODS, SUCH AS VSAM AND BDAM. * TO INTERFACE WITH DATA ACCESS METHODS, SUCH AS DB2, SQL/DS AND DL/I. * TO MAINTAIN DATA INTEGRITY - CONTROL OF SIMULTANEOUS RECORD UPDATE - PROTECTION OF DATA AT TASK ABENDS - PROTECTION OF DATA AT SYSTEM (CICS OR OS) FAILURES.

APPLICATION PROGRAM SERVICES -------------------------------------------------THE COMPONENT OF APPLICATION PROGRAM SERVICES PROVIDES AN INTERFACE BETWEEN CICS AND APPLICATION PROGRAMS. THE FOLLOWING CICS SERVICES ARE OFFERED * * * * * * TO INTERFACE WITH COBOL, PL/I, ASSEMBLER COMMAND LEVEL TRANSLATOR EXECUTION DIAGNOSTIC FACILITY (EDF) COMMAND INTERPRETATER (CECI) SCREEN DEFINITION FACILITY TRACE AND DUMP FACILITIES

SYSTEM SERVICES -------------------------THE COMPONENT OF SYSTEM SERVICES PROVIDES AN INTERFACE BETWEEN CICS AND THE OPERATING SYSTEM. THE FOLLOWING CICS SERVICES ARE OFFERED * PROGRAM CONTROL, SUCH AS LOAD AND RELEASE OF APPLICATION PROGRAM. * STORAGE CONTROL, SUCH AS ACQUIRING AND FREEING OF STORAGE. * TASK CONTROL, SUCH AS TASK SCHEDULING BASED ON THE TASK PRIORITY. MONITORING FUNCTIONS -----------------------------------THE COMPONENT OF MONITORING FUNCTIONS MONITORS VARIOUS EVENTS WITHIN CICS AND PROVIDES A SERIES OF STATISTICS TO BE USED FOR SYSTEM TUNING. CICS CICS CICS CICS CICS APPLICATION PROGRAM APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT CONTROL PROGRAMS AND TABLES START UP SHUTDOWN

STRUCTURE OF CICS APPLICATION PROGRAM ------------------------------------------------------------REQUIREMENTS FOR COBOL PROGRAMS THE REQUIREMENTS OF EACH DIVISION OF THE COBOL PROGRAM FOR THE CICS COMMAND LEVEL ARE FOLLOWS IDENTIFICATION DIVISION. THE IDENTIFICATION DIVISION MUST SATISFY THE FOLLOWING REQUIREMENTS * PROGRAM-ID IS REQUIRED. * OTHER COMMANDS, SUCH AS BELOW, ARE OPTIONAL BUT RECOMMENDED - AUTHOR - DATE-WRITTEN

- DATE-COMPILED - REMARKS ENVIRONMENT DIVISION. THE ENVIRONMENT DIVISION MUST SATISFY THE FOLLOWING REQUIRMENTS. * ONLY HEADER IS REQUIRED. * NO OTHER ENTRIES, SUCH AS CONFIGURATION SECTION, INPUT OUTPUT SECTION, FILE CONTROL, OR SELECT, ARE NEEDED. DATA DIVISION. THE DATA DIVISION MUST SATISFY THE FOLLOWING REQUIREMENTS * FILE SECTION IS NOT REQUIRED. * WORKING-STORAGE SECTION IS REQUIRED. SPECIFY HERE YOUR WORKING STORAGE DATA. THE LENGTH OF WORKING STROAGE PLUS THE TASK GLOBAL TABLE MUST NOT EXCEED 64K BYTES. * LINKAGE SECTION IS OPTIONAL. PROCEDURE DIVISION. * THE FOLLOWING COBOL STATEMENTS ARE PROHIBITED BECAUSE THESE BASICALLY TRIGGER OS SUPERVISOR CALLS (SVCS) WHICH CANNOT BE ISSUED IN A CICS APPLICATION PROGRAM - ACCEPT, CURRENT-DATE, DATE, DAY, DISPLAY, EXHIBIT, STOP RUN, TRACE. - ANY I/O STATEMENTS (OPEN, CLOSE, READ, WRITE, REWRITE, DELETE, START) - REPORT WRITER FEATURE. - SORT FEATURE. * EQUIVALENT STATEMENTS (EXCEPT REPORT WRITER AND SORT) ARE PREPARED IN THE FORM OF CICS COMMANDS. * A CICS APPLICATION PROGRAM MUST END WITH THE CICS RETURN COMMAND AND/OR GOBACK STATMENT. * THE CALL STATEMENT IS ALLOWED IF THE CALLED PROGRAM DOES NOT ISSUE ANY CICS COMMANDS OR INHIBITED COBOL STATEMENTS MENTIONED ABOVE AND IF IT IS WRITTEN AS A REENTRANT PROGRAM COMMAND FORMAT AND ARGUMENT VALUES EXEC CICS function [option(argument value)] [option(argument value)] END-EXEC. THE "function" is a CICS SERVICE REQUEST. THE "option" IS ONE OF THE OPTIONS AVAILABLE TO THE COMMAND. THE "argument value" DETERMINES THE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE VALUE TO BE PLACED FOR THE OPTION AS DETAILED INFORMATION.