Informatica =Informatii+Automatica POST - Power on Self Test ROM - Recall Only Memory BIOS - Basic Input Output System

RAM Random Access Memory HDD Hard Disk Drive FDD Floppy Disk Drive CON Consola (tastatura+monitor) Porturi Interne/Externe COM Communication Port Serial LPT Line Printer Port parallel USB - Universal Serial Bus MCA Micro Channel Architecture SCSI Small Computer System Interface RISC Reduced Instruction Set Code CPU Central Processing Unit FSB Front Side Bus VGA Video Graphic Array PCI Peripheral Component Interface AGP Advanced Graphic Port CRT Cathode Ray Tube TFT Thin Film Transistor LCD Liquid Crystal Display SVGA Super VGA (800x600) XGA Extended graphic array (1024x768) BIT Entitatea in care se reprezinta valoarea 0-nimic / 1 am ceva Txt text file INI initializare (setari, parametri) sub forma textual

INF fisier de informare 2 versiuni pag de internet / la fel ca INI FOR / PAS/ BAS / CBL fisiere ce contin elemente afisabile RTF Rich text FileFormat text imbogatit DOC document Word HLP help fisiere RTF transformate CHM Compiled Help Menu HTM / HTML Hyper Text Markup Language PDF Portable Document File PS Post Script EXE Executable (program) COM Command trebuie incarcat in memorie BAT Batch fisier executabil alcatuit din comenzi in forma de linie SYS System BIN Binary DLL Dynamic Link Library BMP Bitmap harta de puncte TIF sau TIFF Taged Image File Format GIF Graphic Interchange File Format JPG / JPEG Joint Photographers Expert Group DXF Data Exchange File Format

Componentele SO (sistemului de operare) DOS Disk Operating System Identificare BOOT se gaseste in sect 0, pista 0 si contine modul de stocare al INFO pe Disk Continut : DOS(MSDOS.SYS,IBMDOS.COM) / IO (IO.SYS,IBMBIO.COM)

Sistemul de stocare si gestiune al datelor ROOT

5) Rularea Programului

Metode FAT File Allocation Table NTFS New Technology File System creeat de niste tipi plecati de la SUN la Microsoft-> Windows 2000 DATA modele fizice ale informatiilor / Elemente Stocare Date Suport Magnetic - HDD, FDD,IOZIP / Suporturi Optice (CD, DVD, BluRay) paradigme -modul de formulare al unei problem in scopul rezolvarii ei bazata pe : o o o Proceduri Funcii Logica

Format Actiunea poate fi folosita la nivel fizic sau logic (se sterge doar TOC- table of contents) Formatarea Pregatirea unei suprafete in vederea utilizarii

Metoda Bine Conditionata daca se schimba minor parametrii initiali, nu altereaza semnificativ rezultatul

Metoda Slab Conditionata daca se schimba minor parametrii initiali, apar perturbari majore de rezultat

FISIER Colectie organizata de date tratate uniform Datele sunt in fisier Datele alcatuiesc o colectie Colectia este organizata Toate Datele sunt tratate uniform Metode Indirecte ne conduc la un rezultat acceptat Metode Directe ne conduc la un rezultat exact intr-un numar finit de pasi Perturbari Modificare

FOLDER Colectie organizata de referinte tratata uniform

Comenzi INTERNE / EXTERNE

INSTRUMENTE de a alege o metoda : a) LNS limbaj natural structurat

Etapele Necesare Creearii Programului : 1) Recunoasterea si definirea problemei 2) Alegerea si descrierea unei metode 3) Transformarea , Transpunerea desrierii metodei intr-un limbaj de programare 4) Compilarea si editarea programului

b) Pseudocod c) TD tabele decizionale (intrari si iesiri simple si multiple) d) Arbori decizionali e) Diagram Jackson (titlu, continut, referinte) logic

f) DFD Diagrama de Flux de Date g) Schema logica LT LE ERORI Inerente (Firesti, care depind de natura lucrurilor) De Metoda De Calcul EQ NE GE GT

F77

F90 U<U / <= =< == /= >= >

Operatori Logici : FORTRAN Tipuri de date : constante / variabile numerice : intregi, reale, complexe nenumerice : logice, sir de caractere, byte,referinta NOT - negatie AND - consjunctie OR - disjunctie XOR sau exclusiv EQV - echivalenta NEQV neechivalenta

Expresii = operatii + operatori

TABLOURI (ARRAYS) Tip DIMENSION ALLOCATABLE POINTER, TARGET

Operatori utilizati in expresii numerice : o o o o o ** ridicarea la putere inmultirea / impartire + adunare -scadere

Alocarea Dinamica se declara tablouri la care nu se cunoaste nici dimensiune, nici forma 1) Automat 2) ALOOCATABLE 3) Pointer

Operatori sir de caractere : || concatenare

Intructiuni de INTRARE/IESIRE Operatori Relationali : Fisiere (Unitate Logica) :

Organizare : Secventiala Relativa indexat -

Linear Inelara (circular) introdusa de IBM : Token-Ring Stea Altele Mesh Wireless

Acces : secvential direct pe baza de cheie (indexat)

GSM Global System for Mobile Communication TDMA : Time Division Multiple Access

Unitati de Program program principal procedure externe module blocuri de date

CDMD : Code Division Multiiple Access GPRS : General Packet Radio Service EDG : Enhanced Data GSM Environment UMTS : Universal Mobile Telephone Service

Internet : LAN Local Area Network Wan Wide Area Network

Proceduri : externe de modul interne intrinseci functie instructiune dummy (de umplutura)

2 moduri de adresare : IPv4 : __.__.__.__ IPv6 : __.__.__.__.__.__

Retele : Host/Slave P2P (Peer to Peer) perete la perete

Topologii ( clasificare dupa forma)

WWW World Wide Web

DHS : Domain Name Server HTTP : Hyper Text Transfer Protocol FTP : File Transfer Protocol XML : Extra Markup Language VRML : Virtual reality Modeling Language IAI International Alliance for Interoperability -

PROLOG SIMULA

Aec XML : Architecture, Engineering & Construction Bc XML : Building & Construction Ce XML : Civil Engineering Gb XML : Green Building Ifc Industrial Foundation Classes COS Common Object Scheme UML - Unified Modelling Language PDT Product Data Technology

Misc :

Testul Turing : daca un interlocutor uman interactioneaza cu o masina , crezand ca are de a face cu o persoana , atunci aceasta masina este inteligenta

Sisteme Expert : Dendral Mycin R1

Limbaje de Inteligenta Artificiala LISP