Vgepl Solar DPR

VIJAYASRI GREEN ENERGY PRIVATE LIMITED 1 MW SOLAR PV BASED POWER PLANT DETAILED PROJECT REPORT
AT KYASAMPALLI VILLAGE, KAMAREDDY MANDAL, NIZAMABAD DISTRICT, ANDHRA PRADESH
PREPARED BY
I-MECH TECHNOLOGIES PVT LTD HYDERABAD, A.P. INDIA JAN,2013
I-MECH TECHNOLOGIES PVT LTD
Table of Contents
COMPANY INFORMATION ................................................................................................. 4 PROJECT DETAILS ............................................................................................................. 5 KEY PROMOTERS: .............................................................................................................. 5 PURPOSE ............................................................................................................................. 5 SCOPE .................................................................................................................................. 6 PROJECT JUSTIFICATION ................................................................................................. 6 PLANT SITE ........................................................................................................................ 11 TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION ........................................................................................... 14 MAIN PLANT EQUIPMENT ................................................................................................ 15 PV MODULES ..................................................................................................................... 16 INVERTERS ........................................................................................................................ 18 JUNCTION BOX ................................................................................................................. 20 MODULE MOUNTING STRUCTURE ................................................................................ 20 MONITORING SYSTEM ..................................................................................................... 21 WEB BASED MONITORING .............................................................................................. 22 CABLES AND CONNECTORS .......................................................................................... 23 EVACUATION INFRASTRUCTURE .................................................................................. 24 EVACUATION POWER LINE ............................................................................................. 24 PLANT FEEDER AT GRID SUBSTATION......................................................................... 25 SWITCHYARD .................................................................................................................... 25 LT PANEL ........................................................................................................................... 26 TRANSFORMER ................................................................................................................ 26 SWITCHGEAR .................................................................................................................... 27 YIELD AT SITE ................................................................................................................... 28 LOSSES CONSIDERED FOR YIELD CALCULATION ..................................................... 28 SHADING LOSSES ............................................................................................................ 29 INCIDENT ANGLE LOSSES .............................................................................................. 29 LOW RADIANCE LOSS...................................................................................................... 30 MODULE TEMPERATURE ................................................................................................ 30 MODULE QUALITY ............................................................................................................ 30 1
MODULE MISMATCH ........................................................................................................ 30 DC CABLE RESISTANCE .................................................................................................. 31 INVERTER PERFORMANCE............................................................................................. 31 AC LOSSES ........................................................................................................................ 31 DOWNTIME ........................................................................................................................ 31 SOILING .............................................................................................................................. 31 DEGRADATION .................................................................................................................. 32 CIVIL ENGINEERING ASPECTS ....................................................................................... 32 MOUNTING STRUCTURE ................................................................................................. 32 ROADS FOR THE PV PLANT ............................................................................................ 33 FENCING ............................................................................................................................ 33 FENCING MATERIAL USED .............................................................................................. 33 SPECIFICATIONS FOR THE FENCING MATERIAL ........................................................ 34 FENCING FOUNDATION ................................................................................................... 34 CABLE TROUGHS IN THE ARRAY YARD ....................................................................... 34 CONTROL ROOM .............................................................................................................. 34 RCC WORKS ...................................................................................................................... 35 BRICK WORKS................................................................................................................... 35 Doors & Ventilators ............................................................................................................. 35 Plastering ............................................................................................................................ 35 Flooring ............................................................................................................................... 35 Roofing ................................................................................................................................ 35 Plinth Protection .................................................................................................................. 35 Painting ............................................................................................................................... 35 Rolling Shutters ................................................................................................................... 35 Water Supply ....................................................................................................................... 36 Plumbing and Sanitary ........................................................................................................ 36 Electrification of Building ..................................................................................................... 36 Site Drainage and Sewerage System of Building .............................................................. 36 OPERATION & MAINTENANCE ........................................................................................ 37 QUALITY INSPECTION AT SITE ....................................................................................... 40 TRAINING ........................................................................................................................... 42 WARRANTY ........................................................................................................................ 42 2
PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION .......................................................................................... 42 PROPOSED ORGANIZATION CHART ............................................................................. 43
List of Figures
Figure -1: Current Voltage Curve of Solar Cell ...................................................................... 17 Figure -2: Carrying a PV panel .............................................................................................. 18 Figure -3: Inverter .................................................................................................................. 19 Figure -4: Top Panel view of the SEEDS Gateway ................................................................ 21 Figure -5: Back Panel view of the SEEDS Gateway .............................................................. 21 Figure -6: Client Connect Online Monitoring .......................................................................... 23 Figure -7: Switchyard ............................................................................................................ 25 Figure -8: LT Panel, Outdoor Transformer & Switchgear (left to right on screen) ................... 26 Figure -9: SunEdison Service Architecture ............................................................................ 38 Figure -10: Renewable Operations Center ............................................................................ 38 Figure -11: Hourly PV System Output.................................................................................... 39 Figure-12: Project Schedule .................................................................................................. 43
List of Tables
Table -1: Technical Requirements ......................................................................................... 15 Table -2: Technical Specification of Cables and Connectors ................................................. 24 Table -3: Sample Site Quality Inspection Summary ............................................................... 41 Table -4: Operations & Maintenance Activities ...................................................................... 41
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY INTRODUCTION COMPANY INFORMATION 1. Vijayasri Green Energy Pvt. Ltd. (henceforth referred to as VGEPL) is incorporated under the Companies Act, 1956 (No.1 of 1956). Its registered and corporate office is located at 7-1-396/6, Balkampet, S R Nagar, Hyderabad 500038, Andhra Pradesh, India.
2.
As the world broadens its portfolio of power options to meet growing energy demands and increasingly stringent environmental concerns, solar power is emerging as an attractive option. Of all the routes for conversion of solar into useful energy, direct conversion of sunlight to electricity through solar photovoltaic technology is well accepted. Solar photovoltaic has been recognized as an important route for generation of substantial quantities of grid quality power by utilizing the light energy of solar radiation.
3.
VGEPL intend to setup grid interactive solar power project based on Solar PV Poly Crystalline modules. The project activity is to install grid connected 1 MW solar power project. The full power rating of the solar power plant shall be 1.0 +5% and -0% MW DC at standard test conditions (STC) of 1000 W/sq meter sunlight and 25 degree centigrade. The project is selected to install Poly Crystalline modules which comply with IEC 61646
4.
The Company, backed by strong financial background of its promoters, its experience and knowledgeable Technical Team has laid ambitious goals to acquire projects diverse in geographic location, where the solar radiation is rich in its availability and expand the business of Solar Energy Generation in near future.
5.
The Company has initiated a project at Andhra Pradesh which is in its advance stages in terms of clearances and financial closure.
6.
VGEPL is a Private Limited enterprise established with an objective to generate and supply power from Solar PV sources of energy.
7.
With a Vision to be an active player in India's emerging Power sector by exploiting the rich treasure of alternate energy prevalent in the country, it is committed to take a prominent role in fuelling the industrial and economical growth in the country simultaneously by creating a cleaner and safer environment for the economy to thrive and flourish. 4
8.
The VGEPL has proposed to set up a coal based power plant near Kyasampalli Village, Kamareddy Mandal, Nizamabad District in Andhra Pradesh.
9.
VGEPL has availed the services of M/s I-Mech Technologies Private Limited a leading engineering Services company a leading Consultancy firm in the areas of Solar Power Sector for DPR Preparation, Owner Engineering, Services for the proposed 1 MW solar PV Based power project
PROJECT DETAILS 1. The Companys proposed project is to establish a 1 MW Solar PV Based Power Plant at Kyasampalli Village, Kamareddy Mandal, Nizamabad District, Andhra Pradesh.
2. The project cost has been estimated as Rs 10.32 cr. The project is proposed to be funded with Bank Term Loan of Rs.7.00 cr and equity component of Rs.3.0 cr. The debt equity ratio works out to 2.30:1.
3. The term loan is repayable over 120 installments after providing for construction period of 6 months and moratorium period of 3 months from COD. KEY PROMOTERS: The promoter directors of the company are Mr. K Mohan Reddy aged around 46 years. He hails from a business family involved in the Financing and Construction Business. Mrs A Vijaya aged around 42 years hails from the business and agricultural family and she is wife of Mr. K Mohan Reddy Its registered and corporate office is located at 7-1-396/6, Balkampet, S R Nagar, Hyderabad 500038, Andhra Pradesh, India PURPOSE 1. The purpose of this detailed project report is to present the technical and project cost details of the proposed 1 MW capacity Solar PV Based power plant at Tangadapalli Village, Kyasampalli Village, Kamareddy Mandal, Nizamabad District, Andhra Pradesh using a Poly Crystalline Silicon PV panels.
2. VGEPL is setting up 1 MW Solar PV Based power plant under REC mechanism by selling the generated power through 3rd Party Sale under a long Term PPA with MNC company 5
who has a strong financial ability to sign the PPA for a Long Term with the locking period of initial 5 years and later with a 12 months advance notice for termination if required.
3. This report also highlights the details of the selected site, water requirements, technical features of the main plant equipment, electrical systems, evacuation of power, environmental aspects, schedule of project implementation and estimates of project cost and cost of generation for the proposed Solar Power Plant. SCOPE 1. The scope of this project report covers the following:
a. Review of power and energy requirements of Andhra Pradesh and establish the
need for installation of proposed project.

b. Study of the selected site for the installation of 1 MW Solar PV Based power plant
considering topography, protection against flood, soil conditions, accessibility by road, availability of water, power evacuation plan for the plant.
c. Selection of Site parameters. d. Preparation of plant layout. e. Brief details of the major aspects of the proposed plant and salient technical details
of the major equipment / systems proposed.

f.
Environmental aspects.
g. Preparation of project implementation schedule. h. Preparation of project cost estimates and cost of generation.
PROJECT JUSTIFICATION 1. The average per capita consumption of energy in India is around 612 kW, which is much lower than that of the developed countries like USA, Europe, Australia, Japan etc. However, this figure is expected to rise sharply due to high economic growth and rapid industrialization. Energy is a necessity and sustainable renewable energy is a vital link in industrialization and development of India. A transition from conventional energy systems to those based on renewable resources is necessary to meet the ever increasing demand for energy and to address environmental concerns. 2. Thus, the present scenario needs for addition of major renewable energy sources of energy for overall economic development of the country. 3. Solar Photovoltaic Power plant operates on the principle of the photoelectric phenomenon - direct conversion of light to electricity. The solar radiation incident upon a silicon-based semiconductor photovoltaic cell produces direct electric current. 6
4. Photovoltaic cells are integrated into modules with a voltage of 6 - 12 V; the electrically
interconnected modules form solar systems with an output voltage of 230 V.

5. Thus M/S Vijayasri Green Energy Private Limited (VGEPL) intends to participate in this
development process through the implementation of 1MW Solar PV based power plant.
PRESENT INSTALLED GENERATION CAPACITY OF INDIA 1. Rapid industrialization and increase in commercial and domestic use of electricity are the main reasons for increase in power consumption in the country at large. In addition, the government policies like rural electrification, electricity to all by 2012, development of irrigation sector and minimum target of per capita consumption of 1000 units/year are also contributing in increasing the future power demand. To meet the above requirements, the additions in the power generation capacity would have to match with the future power demands. The 17th Electric power survey report by CEA provides a quantitative forecast of the future demands and planned/required capacity additions. 2. Since it is proposed to sell the electricity through a trading firm by utilizing open-access system which is going to be the order of the day in the near future, it is considered pertinent to study the supply demand gap of electricity at the national level instead of merely at state level. 3. It is assessed by the Ministry of Power (MoP) that there is currently huge short-fall in electricity generation while the energy demand has been consistently rising. The existing installed generation capacity in India being of the order of 167 GW. It is estimated that this is to be doubled over the next decade. The shortage of energy particularly at peak demand periods has been the largest impediment to India's economic growth while the gap between supply and demand continues to widen over the years. 4. Table II.1 below gives the actual power supply position of India. From the Energy Deficit (%), we note the Ministry of Power's initiative to encourage capacity addition till end of 11th Five-Year-Plan to reduce the projected deficit in electricity generation. This is indicative of the significant business potential in establishing thermal power stations. Table II.1 Actual power supply position of India YEAR Details 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 Peak Power Demand (MW) 1,08,866 1,09,809 1,19,166 7
Sl No 1
2011-12 1,52,746
2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Peak Power Availability 90,793 (MW) Peak power Deficit (MW) (+ -18,073 for surplus, - for deficit) Peak power deficit (%) Energy Demand (MU) Energy Availability (MU) Energy Deficit (MU) Energy Deficit (%) -16.60% 7,39,345 6,66,007 -73,338 -9.90%
96,685 -13,124 -12% 7,74,324 6,89,021 -85,303 -11%
1,04,009 15,157 -12.70% 8,30,594 7,46,644 -83,950 -10.10%
1,42,765 -9,981 -6.50% 9,68,659 9,48,836 -19,823 -2%
Source: Report on Seventeenth Electric Power Survey of India, March-2007 Power Scenario at a glance, CEA Planning wing, Nov'2010 5. The following Table II.2 summarizes Grid wise forecasts of energy requirements and peak demand by the end of 11th Five-Year-Plan (Year 2011-12).
Table-II.2 Summary of Forecasts Peak Demand and Energy Requirements* Energy Requirement (MkWh) Grid Northern Western Southern Eastern N-Eastern A&N Islands Lakshadweep By 11th Plan (End of March 2012) 2,94,841 2,94,860 2,53,443 1,11,802 13,329 344 40 Peak Load (MW) By 11th Plan (End of March 2012) 48,137 47,108 40,367 19,088 2,537 77 11
9,68,659 1,52,746 * Source: Report on Seventeenth Electric Power Survey of India, March-2007 Against this background of power and energy requirements, the following generating capacity additions are planned:
Table II.3 Targeted Capacity Additions* (MW) Sl No 1 2 3 Sector State Sector Private Sector Central Sector Total By 11th Plan (End Mar 2012) 26,783 15,043 36,874 78,700
As per Planning Commission Target, Source: Power Scenario at a glance, CEA Planning wing, Nov'2010 6. It can be figured out from the above facts that India urgently needs to expand its installed generation to nearly double the present installed capacity as forecast of a demand of electricity is continuing to rise at an annual rate of 9-10%. Opportunities for setting of Solar PV Power Plant in Andhra Pradesh 7. Andhra Pradesh seems to be an obvious choice for setting up power generating plants. Andhra Pradesh state has invited EOI from the interested parties for setting up of solar PV plants which is the only source to supply of shortage power under government Bidding or 3rd Party PPA through REC mechanism. 8. The state of Andhra Pradesh like many other eastern India states is witnessing huge investment in Iron & steel and aluminium sectors. Thus, there is huge demand of power in Andhra Pradesh. Further, as the state of Andhra Pradesh is strategically located adjoining to rapidly industrializing states such as Orissa, Madhya Pradesh, Karnataka& Maharashtra, power generated in Andhra Pradesh has got ready market for utilization. 9. The per capita power consumption of Andhra Pradesh is much lower compared to national average in spite of its wealth of huge coal resource. Table below gives the actual power supply position of Andhra Pradesh. Table 11.4 Actual Power Supply position of Andhra Pradesh Sl. No. 1 2 Details Peak Power Demand (MW) Peak Power Availability(MW) 9 YEAR 2010-11 12,630 11,829 2011-12 13,916 11,336
3 4 5 6 7 8
Peak Power Deficit (MW) for surplus-for deficit) Peak Power Deficit (%) Energy Demand (MU) Energy Availability (MU) Energy Deficit (MU) Energy Deficit (%)
(+
-801 -6.30% 78,970 76,450 -2,520 -3.20%
-2,580 -18.50% 88,335 77,608 -10,727 -12.10%
From the above table we readily see the huge expected energy deficit of 12.1% in Andhra Pradesh in the period of 2011-2012. CONCLUSION AND JUSTIFICATION
10.
From the table II.1, II.2 &11.3, it is obvious that there is a deficit in the power and energy availability in India. By the year 2014, Government of India has decided to increase the power generation by 78,700 MW. Solar is identified as the main Source for reliable power. The plants located in high solar radiation zones will have a greater economic and logistical advantage in terms of cost of energy.
11.
From the table 11.3, we can see that huge power deficit is expected in Andhra Pradesh state in the period of 2011-2012. Whereas the expected peak power demand is 13916 MW, the availability will be only 11,336 MW, a deficit of 18.50%. Also the energy available in the same period will be 77,608 MU against the requirement of 88,335 MU, a deficit of 12.10%
12.
Renewable Certificate Mechanism: Currently the REC certificates are shortage in the market as the demand for sale of these REC certificates generated from Solar are increasing. Currently the minimum price guaranteed is Rs 9.30/Unit and the traded price is as Rs 12.50/Unit. This price is protected till March 31st ,2017 as per CERC
13.
Considering all conditions stated above, the proposed 1 MW Solar PV Project can operate at its maximum possible load factor. Thus, installation of the proposed project is fully justified from peak demand as well as the energy point of view.
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PLANT SITE Location 1. The proposed Power Plant would be located at Kyasampalli Village, Kamareddy Mandal, Nizamabad District, Andhra Pradesh at latitude 18 18.045 North and longitude 78 22.742 East spreading over an extent of 5.2 acres. Basis of site selection 2. The site is selected based on the primary considerations of availability of land without major hurdles or eviction, availability of power evacuation (grid is 2 km by road from the site located near Kyasampalli). The Annual Solar Irradiation of 5.2 KWh/m/day in Kamareddy, Andhra Pradesh, India
Unit Latitude N Longitude E Elevation m Heating design temperature C Cooling design temperature C Earth temperature amplitude C Frost days at site day
Climate data location 18.301 78.379 390 17.57 37.04 17 0
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Month January February March April May June July August September October November December Annual
Air temperature C 23.4 26.1 30.1 31.1 32.8 29.2 27 26.6 26.9 26.2 24.6 22.9
Relative humidity % 0.47 0.405 0.349 0.419 0.4 0.616 0.709 0.708 0.674 0.6 0.485 0.45
Daily solar radiation horizontal kWh/m2/d 4.98 5.78 6.39 6.66 6.48 4.83 4.19 4.05 4.67 5 4.91 4.72
Atmospheric Wind Earth pressure speed temperature kPa 96.9 96.8 96.5 96.3 96 95.9 96 96.1 96.3 96.6 96.9 97 m/s 2.1 2.4 2.4 2.6 3 3.4 3.3 3.1 2.3 2 2.2 2.2 C 26.3 30.2 35.7 36.7 37.8 31.9 28.6 27.9 28.6 28.1 26.6 25
Heating degreeCooling days degree-days C-d 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 C-d 409 445 608 624 700 570 522 510 505 498 432 393
27.2 Measured at (m)
0.524
5.22
96.4
2.6 10
30.3 0
6216
Source: NASA Web Site Data
Access to Site 1. The site is accessible by National High way No.7 passing EAST of the plot. This road is connecting Hyderabad & Nagpur. VGEPL has laid a approach road connecting the NH 7 to the plant Site. The nearest broad gauge railway station is Kamareddy, approachable within 6 km from the project site. Land Availability 1. Land required for setting up of the 1 MW Solar PV Power Plant is about 5 acres including the Modules and Mounting structures, area for auxiliary systems, Invertors and Batteries , green belt , Admin Buildings, Service Rooms. The land is totally private and uninhabited, so rehabilitation and resettlement will not be involved. Resettlement Rehabilitation (R&R) 1. The land is totally private and uninhabited, so rehabilitation and resettlement will not be involved. Other Features of the Site 1. Site Mandal : : KYASAMPALLI VILLAGE KAMAREDDI 12
District State Longitude/Latitude at site Elevation above MSL Nearest railway station Nearest Sea port Nearest domestic airport Nearest International Airport
: : : : : : : :
NIZAMABAD ANDHRA PRADESH 7822'44.52" EAST & 1818'2.70" NORTH 390 MTR KAMAREDDY 7 KMS VISHAKAPATNAM HYDERABAD HYDERABAD 37.04 Deg C 17.36 Deg C 28 Deg C
Highest temperature (Dry Bulb) : Lowest temperature (Dry bulb) : Average wet bulb temperature : Relative humidity 1. Maximum 2. Minimum 3. Average Annual mean wind speed Annual average rain fall Site Topography : : : : :
74.61% 24.85% 60% 5.2 Km/hr 663 mm
1. The site selected for the plant is predominantly flat with minor slope towards the south which is advantageous from the point of view of module mounting. The area is totally devoid of any flora and fauna and does not fall under the drainage route of any catchment. Also, it is located above the highest flood level of the area. Soil and Geotechnical Characteristics 1. The top soil is clayey/ sandy loam with bottom layers of alluvial laterite. Geotechnical investigation of the site has not been carried out and would be undertaken by the project authority. Seismological Studies 1. The proposed power plant is located in Seismic Zone II as per IS: 1893-2002. The importance factor of 1.5 would be considered for all power plant buildings/ structures as per IS: 1893.
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Water 2. The source of water for the proposed Solar PV plant (1 MW) would be the ground water in the Solar PV power plant site. The raw water requirement for 1 MW Solar PV Plant unit would be around 115 Liters Per day. Further water optimization will be carried out during detailed engineering stage to meet the water consumption allocation for cleaning of the panels. 3. Every attempt would be made for conservation of water by making maximum use of sprinklers. TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION The basic functional description of a Solar Photovoltaic power generator is as follows: Solar panels installed on ground, convert sunlight to DC (Direct Current) electricity. This power generated as DC from solar panels is sent to a device called Inverter. The inverter converts the DC from solar panels to AC (Alternate Current), which can be used for any domestic or industrial need requiring an AC current supply. There are two general types of electrical designs for PV power systems. Grid Interactive Systems that either use a part of the power generated and interact with the utility power grid for the rest of the power generated; they do not have a battery backup or feed in 100% of the power generated to the utility power grid
Off Grid Systems that do not interact with the grid and either include battery backup or not.
Our project uses the Grid Interactive Ground mount Systems with Poly crystalline photovoltaic modules. Grid connected solar power comprises of the main equipment and components listed below: Solar PV Modules / Array Configuration Inverters Junction Boxes Module Mounting System 14
Monitoring System Evacuation Infrastructure
Refer Annexure I for a single line diagram of our design layout at the project site MAIN PLANT EQUIPMENT The Solar Power Projects deploying PV modules and Inverter systems comply with relevant IEC/BIS standards and/or are compliant with applicable standards as specified by Central Electricity Authority / JNNSM / as applicable for the relevant project. Table -1 lists the equipment and material required for a 1 MWp Grid interactive solar PV plant with associate system (typical).
Table -1: Technical Requirements
Item Details PV Module Module Mounting Structures Solar module array to Inverter Interconnection cable Inverter and Junction box Interconnection Cable AC Cable and DC cables Main Junction Box Inverter String monitoring system Transformers CT and PT set for metering Lightning Arrester 1 nos 5 MVA step up Transformers Earth mat for switch yard and equipments Control and power cables Surge Protection and Fuses Office Building 15 Nos Set Mtr Mtr Mtr Lot Nos Set Set Set Nos Set Lot Lot Sets No
Unit
Item Details Rubber Mat 12 mm Foam type fire extinguisher CO2 Extinguisher Sand Bucket Transformer discharge Rod LED system Lighting arrangement for the plant safety Metering Equipment Protection Equipment Solar Observatory Monitoring Equipment (Details of weather station, SCADA server with power back-up) Set Lot Lot Lot Lot Lot Nos Set Set Set
Unit
Solar photovoltaic modules can be developed in various combinations depending upon the requirements of the voltage and power output to be taken from the solar plant. The total number of cells and modules may vary depending upon the manufacturer prudent practice. Refer Annexure II for the sample plant and equipment specifications proposed for this project. The technical features of the major equipment are as under: PV MODULES The primary component of a photovoltaic system is the solar cell. This is the element that converts solar radiation into electricity. A photovoltaic module or photovoltaic panel is a packaged interconnected assembly of photovoltaic cells. Modules have characteristics that describe their behavior during operation under standard testing conditions (STC), which translate to AM 1.5 solar radiation of 1000 W / sq m at 25 C. The main characteristics taken into consideration when selecting a module for a photovoltaic system are: Open-Circuit Voltage (Voc): This is the difference of electrical potential between two terminals of a device without any external load connected. Optimum Operating Voltage (Vmp): This is the voltage across the terminals of the module when it reaches maximum power at Standard Test Conditions (STC). 16
Short-Circuit Current (Isc): Short-circuit happens when there is very low resistance between both terminals of the module. Optimum Operating Current (Imp): This is the current generated when the system reaches maximum power at STC. Maximum Power at STC (Pmax): Maximum power generated at Standard Test Conditions like 1000 W/m2, 25C cell temperature, with a reference solar spectral irradiance called Air Mass 1.5 (AM1.5), as defined in IEC 60904-3.TC.
Current Voltage Curve (IV Curve): The IV curve shows the relationship between current and voltage across the terminals of the module. Figure -1 is an example of an IV curve.
Figure -1: Current Voltage Curve of Solar Cell
Efficiency: The efficiency of the module is the ratio between the power generated by the module and the power incident. Power Tolerance: The power tolerance is given by the manufacturer, and defines the maximum variation in power that the module can have. Temperature coefficient of Pmax: The relative change in maximum power when the temperature is changed by 1 C. Temperature coefficient of Voc: The relative change in open-circuit voltage when the temperature is changed by 1 C. Temperature coefficient of Isc: The relative change in short-circuit current when the temperature is changed by 1 C. Operating Temperature: The service temperature at which the module can be safely used. 17
We have considered all the above mentioned parameters, and selected poly crystalline 200 to 280 W p module or equivalent. Refer Annexure II for a detailed technical specification of the module.
Figure -2: Carrying a PV panel
INVERTERS Inverter or the Power Conditioning Unit converts the DC power to AC power to facilitate feeding into the grid and acts as an interface between the PV array and the Grid. The AC output should have very low current and voltage harmonic distortion and it must also synchronize automatically to the exact AC voltage and frequency of the grid. Since the DC output from the solar modules is dependent on the solar radiation, there is a huge variation for the solar array output that the inverter has to accommodate and convert to AC at high efficiencies. Most modern inverters have inbuilt maximum power point circuits that allow them to tune the load conditions to maximize the power output based on the DC output of the arrays. Typical conversion efficiencies for the inverters today are >96% for a range of DC outputs. In addition, the inverter also has to act as a protective device of the system. It needs to trip out if the voltage, current or frequency goes outside acceptable ranges. There are two inverter size options for the design - using a small number (or single) of large inverters (1 MW) or using several smaller inverters of around 250 kW (4 X 250 kW). Using fewer number of high rating (around 1 MW) inverters will be a less expensive option because of inverter costs use of shorter lengths of cables less number of connection points 18
Using several smaller size inverters will increase the redundancy and reliability of the system. For instance, if there is any unforeseen problem in the array or inverter, then there will not be any hindrance in the supply of energy to the grid. The inverters we choose, satisfy International Standards for solar PV applications and holds the following Certifications as required by MNRE. IEC62116 IEC62109-1 EN50178
We ensure that the inverter satisfies the following conditions: Large input voltage DC window to provide flexibility in layout of PV system DC as well AC side protection Active and passive anti-islanding protection High energy conversion efficiency (more than 96%) Total Harmonic Distortion < 3 % Facility of data logging system Inbuilt maximum power point tracker for higher energy yield Satisfactory Service and maintenance network.
Based on the above criteria, we recommend PVI-Central-500-TL or equivalent. Refer Annexure II for a detailed specification of the proposed inverter.
Figure -3: Inverter
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JUNCTION BOX The junction box will be dust, vermin, and waterproof. The terminal will be connected to copper bus-bar arrangement and will have suitable cable entry points fitted with cable glands of appropriate sizes for both incoming and outgoing cables. Suitable markings will be provided on the bus-bars for easy identification and cable ferrules will be fitted at the cable termination points for identification. Each Array junction Box will have suitable Reverse Blocking Diodes of maximum DC blocking voltage of 1000 V with suitable arrangement for its connecting. The Array junction Box will also have suitable surge protection. The junction Boxes will have suitable arrangement for the followings (typical): Combine groups of modules into independent charging sub-arrays that will be wired into the controller. Provide arrangement for disconnection for each of the groups. Provide a test point for each sub-group for quick fault location. Provide group array isolation. The current carrying ratings of the junction Boxes will be suitable with adequate safety factor to inter connect the Solar PV array. MODULE MOUNTING STRUCTURE Our Module Mounting structure will be designed for simple mechanical and electrical installation. It will support SPV modules at a given orientation, absorb and transfer the mechanical loads to the ground properly. The array structure will be grounded properly using maintenance free earthing kit. The Mounting structure will be designed to allow essay replacement of any module and will be in line with site requirement. The support structure design and foundation will be designed to withstand wind speed applicable for the zone using relevant Indian wind load codes. The array structure will be so designed that it will occupy minimum space without sacrificing the output from SPV panels. The array structure will be made of hot dipped galvanized MS angles of suitable size. Nut & bolts, supporting structures including Module Mounting Structures will be adequately protected from atmosphere and weather prevailing in the area. All fasteners will be made of stainless steel of grade SS 304. 20
MONITORING SYSTEM All of our inverters and other sub components are equipped with the instrumentation and data collection devices needed to interface with the monitoring system. SEEDS (SunEdison Energy and Environmental Data System) is the SunEdisons proprietary platform for monitoring and logging site data. The SEEDS platform includes the following on-site equipment: SEEDS Gateway, Revenue-Grade Electric Meter, SEEDS Weather Station (which includes module and ambient temperature sensor, pyranometer for irradiance measurements and anemometers for wind speed measurement), Cellular (or Satellite) modem, NEMA Enclosure. SEEDS provide the following services for any facility. Solar Monitoring: Monitor production from solar power plants in 15 minute, 5 minute and 1 minute intervals. Measure and verify energy, apparent power, reactive power, AC/DC voltage and current, frequency, inverter status and fault codes, ambient temperature, cell temperature and insolation. Load Monitoring: Monitor facility energy usage and demand as well as reactive power. Energy Cost Monitoring: Visualize utility costs and solar savings calculated based on the published utility tariff. Data is presented for every 15-minute interval and updated daily.
Figure -4: Top Panel view of the SEEDS Gateway
The SEEDS Gateway is an embedded computer that monitors and controls energy and the on-site equipments. The gateway collects and aggregates monitoring information from all these devices, and communicates with the SunEdison data center near real-time via a cellular, satellite or local area network.
Figure -5: Back Panel view of the SEEDS Gateway
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SEEDSTM Gateway - Features SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition): Collects data via serial or Ethernet link (Modbus, CCU2, Data-1) as well as pulse input Provides on-board data storage MRS (Performance Monitoring and Reporting System) AMR (Automatic Meter Reading): Collects historical interval data from meter PDP (Performance Data Provider) High performance web service interface Data latency < 1 min Supported devices Electric meters Environmental sensors Solar inverters
WEB BASED MONITORING

Client Connect is a secure web portal used by our customers to access information about energy production and usage, weather, environmental offsets, costs, savings, and more. Client Connect has the following capabilities:
Customer can monitor energy produced by an individual system or in aggregate for a fleet of sites. Data is available at 15 minute intervals and can be displayed in daily, weekly, monthly, annual or custom date ranges. Any data charted can be exported in CSV format. Client Connect users can subscribe to daily or monthly production reports sent via email. Client Connect also provides customer access to energy invoices, and designated users receive email notification when a new invoice is posted.
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Figure -6: Client Connect Online Monitoring
All major parameters are available on the digital bus and logging facility for energy auditing through the internal microprocessor and can be read on the digital front panel at any time the current values, previous values for up to a month and the average values. The following parameters will be accessible through the operating interface display. AC Voltage AC Output current Output Power DC Input Voltage DC Input Current Time Active Time disabled Time Idle Temperatures Invertor Status
CABLES AND CONNECTORS

Cables will be extremely robust and resist high mechanical load and abrasion. High temperature temperature resistance and excellent weatherproofing characteristics provide a long service life life to the cables used. The connectors with high current capacity and easy mode of assembly are to be used for the connections of the power plant cables.
Table -2 lists the Technical specification of Cables & Connectors is as given below.
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Table -2: Technical Specification of Cables and Connectors
Item
Specifications
Standard Working Voltage Temperature Range Sizes
IS & Grade 1.1 kV Up to 1100V -25 C to 70C Suitable size (less that 1% loss in AC and DC side) Suitable black, red, blue etc. IS 15543/694-1990 Sizes & Makes
Color code Specifications Marking
EVACUATION INFRASTRUCTURE The evacuation infrastructure consists of an overhead evacuation power line linking the SPV plant to the distribution substation of 33 kV at Choutuppal 33/11 KVA Substation, and a step one substation (switchyard) on site. It is important that the power plant is designed to operate satisfactorily in parallel with grid, under the voltage and frequency fluctuation condition, so as to export the maximum possible units to the grid. It is also extremely important to safeguard the system during major disturbances like tripping, pulling and sudden over loading during the fluctuation of the grid loads. EVACUATION POWER LINE Transmission line between the SPV plant and the distribution substation will be taken through steel lattice towers suitable for single circuit conductors. Foundations, civil works and execution of work will be in accordance with IREDA/ SEBs norms. The transmission system will be complete with galvanized transmission towers, conductors, earth wires, strain/string insulators, hardware & accessories for towers, gantries at termination points, etc. Lightning arrestors of adequate capacity will be provided for transformer/ switchyard equipment protection and on terminating ends of the transmission lines. The lightning arrestor will be heavy duty station class type, discharge class III, conforming to IEC specification. 24
Arrestors will be complete with Insulating base, self contained discharge counters and suitable mille-ammeters. PLANT FEEDER AT GRID SUBSTATION The plant feeder at distribution station will be provided with directional over-current and earth fault relays, backed-up by non directional elements. Trivector meter (TVM) may also be provided in the substation for this feeder, so as to give revenue metering, which will be arranged in the SPV plant premises. SWITCHYARD
The power from the PCUs are collected and channeled through the low voltage panel by the means of LV AC power lines, and then are run from the LT panels to the power transformer. The transformer is connected to the overhead power line by means of corresponding switchgear and cabinets allocated in control room.
Figure -7: Switchyard
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Figure -8 depicts the typical photographs of LT Panel, Transformer and switchgear cabinets.
Figure -8: LT Panel, Outdoor Transformer & Switchgear (left to right on screen)
LT PANEL The LT Panel will have adequate inputs to take in from individual PCUs and adequate outputs to individual transformers. The Panel will be floor mounted type. All the measuring instruments such as voltmeter, ammeter will be present. It will have a main ongoing circuit breaker and two circuit breakers for out comer to feed PCUs. TRANSFORMER 5 MVA transformers will be used for 1 MWp SPV Power Plant. Transformer LV side will be of same voltage as that of output of PUC and HV side will be 11 KV. The transformers, their accessories and fittings, transformer oil, etc. will conform to the latest edition of the Indian / International standards. The following are the other major specifications Frequency = 50 Hz Number of Phases = 3 phase Rated primary voltage = 415 V Rated secondary voltage = 11 kV Vector reference group: Ynd 11 Type of cooling: ONAN
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SWITCHGEAR Switchgear for connection to the overhead line will consist of insulated cabinets with switch on-off, protection and metering functions. Isolators will be complete with earth switch (wherever necessary), galvanized steel base provided with holes, solid core type post insulators with adequate creep age distance, blades made up of non-rusting material, operating mechanism (gang operated, manual/motor charging mechanism). They will be of center post rotating horizontal double break type and will consist of 3 poles. The system will be designed with appropriate CTs & PTs to have all relevant protection arrangements like, over current, earth fault relays etc. In addition CTs and PTs will also be provided for metering purposes as elsewhere specified. Over and under voltage protection, over and under frequency protection and island operation protection will be carried out by the CPUs protection system; it is not necessary to implement that function on the protection relays of the switchyard. Protection, metering and control panels for the switchyard and grid feeder will be all accommodated in the control room. The circuit breaker will be totally re-strike free under all duty conditions and will be capable of breaking magnetizing current of transformer and capacitive current of unloaded overhead lines without causing over voltages of abnormal magnitudes. The circuit breakers will be suitable for use in the switchgear under the operating conditions. Closing coil will be suitable for operation at all values of voltages between 85% and 110% of the rated voltage. Shunt trip will operate correctly under all operating conditions of the circuit breaker up to the rated breaking capacity of the circuit breaker and at all values of supply voltage between 70% and 110% of rated voltage. Tariff main metering will be accommodated in the control room on plant land. Trivector meter that will be provided in the plants control building or as per Rajasthan Renewable Energy
Corporation Limited (RREC) requirement and will have main and checking arrangement, and
these will be agreed upon with the RREC. The tariff meters will register import as well as export parameters.
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YIELD AT SITE We predict the energy yield considering various vital parameters and a desktop site assessment. We use the PVSYST photovoltaic simulation software, which simulates the energy yield using hourly time steps. PVSYST takes as input details of the, site resource solar PV modules specifications inverters specifications structure type specifications
The energy yield prediction involves,
1. Sourcing average monthly horizontal irradiation, wind speed and temperature data from a variety of sources from land based meteorological stations like NASA. These data have been assessed and judiciously selected for use in the energy yield simulation software. Calculating the global incident radiation on the collector plane, taking into account horizon shading. 2. Calculating the losses that occur during the process of converting irradiated solar energy into AC electricity, using inverter specifications, PV module characteristics and the site layout. 3. Applying downtime losses, module degradation and AC losses to obtain an energy yield for a twenty-five year project life cycle. 4. Using statistical analysis of resource data to derive appropriate levels of uncertainty in the energy yield prediction. Using Poly Crystaline PV module, the expected energy production is estimated to be 1806 kWh / kWp per annum. Kyasampalli has one of the best insolation in the state of Andhra Pradesh with a daily horizontal surface solar irradiation incidence between 5 and 6 kWh / sq. m. Through utilizing cutting edge technology and components and minimal system losses, the proposed power plant is expected to satisfy the energy requirement by 79.9 %. Refer the Annexure III for details on the energy generation at the site. LOSSES CONSIDERED FOR YIELD CALCULATION PVSYST calculates the direct current (DC) electricity generated from the modules in hourly time steps throughout the year. This direct current is converted to alternating current (AC) in an inverter. A number of losses occur during the process of converting irradiated solar energy 28
into AC electricity. Some of these losses are calculated within the PVSYST software, whilst others are assumed figures based on the performance of similar PV plants. The losses are described in the following subsections. Let us discuss them in detail. SHADING LOSSES These are losses arising due shade in the vicinity of the project caused by neighborhood buildings, trees or hills. Three types of shading losses have been considered in the PVSYST model: 1. Horizon Shading If the site (based on the satellite imagery) is quite flat with no hills in the vicinity, horizon shading is expected to be insignificant. 2. Near shading from trees and buildings If the site does not have any large/tall structures or buildings nearby nor large/tall trees on the East, South or West sides of the site that may shade the modules as the sun moves through the day or over the seasons. 3. Inter-row shading between rows By simulating the celestial motion of the sun in hourly time steps throughout the year, PV SYST calculates the annual loss due to inter-row shading. The distance between the rows is determined by analyzing various parameters such as the height at which the panels are mounted, the angle to the horizon, etc. and it is ensured that one row of panels do not produce any shading on the subsequent row of panels. We understand from the satellite imagery provided that the site is quite flat with no hills in the vicinity. Horizon shading is therefore expected to be insignificant. Near shading at the project site is caused by inter-row shading. By simulating the celestial motion of the sun in hourly time steps throughout the year, PVSYST calculates the annual loss due to inter-row shading. INCIDENT ANGLE LOSSES The incidence angle loss or Incidence Angle Modifier (IAM) accounts for losses in radiation penetrating the front glass of the PV modules due to angles of incidence other than perpendicular. For horizontally mounted PV modules the IAM losses may be expected to be 29
larger than the losses experienced with dual axis tracking systems, for example. The loss derives from the ratio of direct and diffuse radiation, sun angles and the tilt of the modules. LOW RADIANCE LOSS The conversion efficiency of a PV module reduces at low light intensities. This causes a loss in the output of a module compared with the standard conditions at which the modules are tested (1000 W / m2). This low irradiance loss depends on the characteristics of the module and the intensity of the incident radiation. The low irradiance loss is calculated within the PVSYST simulations. MODULE TEMPERATURE The characteristics of a PV module are determined at standard temperature conditions of 25C. For every C temperature rise above 25C there is reduction in performance of modules. This temperature dependent performance differs for different PV technologies. The performance of crystalline silicon module reduces by ~ 0.45% and that of CdTe module reduces by ~ 0.25% (based on module temperature). In high ambient temperatures under strong irradiance, module temperatures can rise substantially. Wind can provide some cooling effect, which PVSYST models from simulated wind speed data. MODULE QUALITY Most PV modules do not match exactly the manufacturers nominal specifications. Mo dules are sold with a nominal peak power and a given tolerance within which the actual power is guaranteed to lie. In practice PV modules usually lie below the nominal power but within the tolerance. The specifications of the chosen modules for this project have a performance tolerance of +10% / -5% respectively. The energy yield calculations have been carried out using a 1.5% and 2.5% tolerances which is used in PVSYST simulations to generate the module quality yield loss factor. The module quality loss quantifies the impact on energy yield due to difference in the actual module characteristics from the specification. MODULE MISMATCH Losses due to mismatch are related to the fact that the real modules in an array do not all strictly present the same current/voltage profiles: there is a statistical variation between them. This gives rise to a power loss, which is quantified by the module mismatch yield loss factor. A 30
mismatch loss factor has been estimated, based on the performance of similar PV power plants. It is taken as a constant during the simulation. DC CABLE RESISTANCE Electrical resistance in the wires between the power available at the modules and at the terminals of the array gives rise to ohmic losses (IR). This loss increases as temperatures exceed 25C. If cable is correctly sized this loss should be less than 2% annually. A general wiring loss fraction of 1.2% at standard test conditions is assumed. INVERTER PERFORMANCE The inverters used at Solar PV plant convert from DC into AC with a maximum efficiency of 98.7%. However, depending on the inverter load, they will not always operate at maximum efficiency. For this project values are taken from the inverter specifications. PV syst constructs a profile considering the power threshold indicated by the Inverter manufacturer to arrive at the annual inverter performance. AC LOSSES AC wiring, when correctly sized should lead to losses generally less than 1.5%. Larger losses may arise in the transformers but should generally total less than 3%. Ohmic losses in the cable leading to the substation will depend on the distance to the substation and the location of the metering system. DOWNTIME Downtime depends on the diagnostic response time, stock of spare equipment and the repair response time. A yield loss factor of 0.995 is suitable for quantifying this loss, based on typical performance of similar PV plants. SOILING Losses due to dust and bird droppings soiling the module depend on the environmental conditions, rainfall frequency and on the cleaning strategy as defined in the O&M contract. This loss can be relatively large compared to other loss factors but is usually less than 4%. Unless a particularly robust cleaning strategy is employed, the soiling loss for horizontally mounted modules may be expected to be higher than modules that are inclined, as inclined modules will benefit more from the cleaning effect of rainwater run-off. For this project, a soiling loss factor of 3% is assumed. 31
DEGRADATION The performance of a PV module can decrease over time. The degradation rate is typically higher in the first year upon initial exposure to light and then stabilizes. The extent of degradation and the process by which it occurs varies between module technologies. An initial degradation loss of 1% for crystalline modules and 0.7% for CdTe has been applied. The initial degradation occurs due to defects in the cell, which are activated on exposure to light. The subsequent degradation occurs at the module level and may be caused by: Effect of the environment on the surface of the module e.g. pollution Lamination defects Mechanical stress and dampness on the contacts Cell contact breakdown Wiring degradation Factors affecting the degree of degradation include the quality of materials used in manufacture, the manufacturing process, and also the O&M regime employed at the site. CIVIL ENGINEERING ASPECTS This section details the facilities envisaged for the proposed solar power plant in terms of Civil works, water supply, painting, roads within solar arrays etc. MOUNTING STRUCTURE Connection of all PV module metallic frames, and mounting structures and mounting components, to Earth Ground (bonding), will be done in compliance with all local electrical practices and codes. A four-person crew working 8 hours per day can install over 300 modules in a day. The solar array structure will consist of the following types of material: 1. Angle Section 50 x 50 x 4 L 2. Square Tube 72 x 72 x 3.2 3. Square section 49.5 x 49.5 x 2.6 The specifications for the materials mentioned above will be as follows: 1. Structural Steel will conform to IS 2062-2006. Yst = 250 N/mm^2 2. Structural Steel (tubes) conform to IS 4923: 1997, Yst = 310 N/mm^2 3. Bolts & Nuts will conform to IS: 12427-2001 for dimensions & IS 1367(part-3)-2002 for mechanical properties. 32
4. Galvanizing will conform to IS 2629-1985 & IS: 4759-1996. The module mounting structures that are earth grounded will have a foundation laid (for an uneven terrain) to hold the structures in place. The specifications for this foundation will be, 1. An M20 grade of concrete 2. Fe 415 Grade Reinforcement 3. IS-456:2000 Foundation design code
ROADS FOR THE PV PLANT The road leading to the Solar PV substation will be 3.75 m wide. There will be a road outside the switchyard fenced area; this road will measure around 2 m. The roads will have 75 mm thick Premix bituminous carpet. The roads in between the arrays will be laid in a convenient manner as to ensure easy manual cleaning by the maintenance personnel. Sub-grade composed of clay, fine sand or other soils that may be forced up into the coarse aggregate during rolling operation, an insulation layer of suitable thickness of granular materials or over size brick aggregate not less than 10 cm thick will be provided for blanketing the sub-grade, which will be paid for separately, unless otherwise specified. In slushy soils or in areas that are water logged, special arrangements will be made to improve the sub-grade and the total pavement thickness will be designed after testing the properties of the sub grade soil. Necessary provision for the special treatment required will be made in the project and paid for separately. The road will be laid with a power road roller of 8 to 12 tones. The roller will be run over the sub grade till the soil is evenly and densely consolidated and behaves an elastic mass (the roller will pass a minimum of 5 runs on the sub grade). All undulations in the surface that develop due to rolling will be made good with material or quarry spoils as the cases may be and the sub-grade is rerolled. FENCING FENCING MATERIAL USED Steel tube pole = 60 mm dia (with rain cap) Height = 2.75 m Pole Foundation size = 300 X 800 mm Network in mesh size = 40 X 40 mm 33
End & corner poles with diagonal = 49 mm dia Spacing between poles = 2.5 m Spacing of diagonal poles = @ 7 m interval SPECIFICATIONS FOR THE FENCING MATERIAL 1. Structural Steel will conform to IS 2062-2006. Yst = 210 N/mm^2 2. Structural Steel (tubes) conform to IS 4923: 1997, Yst = 210 N/mm^2 3. Bolts & Nuts will conform to IS: 12427-2001 for dimensions & IS 1367(part-3)-2002 for mechanical properties. 4. Galvanizing will conform to IS 2629-1985 & IS: 4759-1996. 5. Galvanized steel barbed wire for fencing IS 278:1978 6. Wire mesh size 40 x 40 mm, Width 2.5 m, length 6.0 m (Rolled) 7. The steel wire mesh confirms to IS: 280-1978 and Hot dip zinc coating is more than 150 gms /m2. 8. It should be single twist in kite/Rhombus type mesh fabric confirms to IS: 2721- 1979. Tensile strength ranges from 44 kg/mm2. FENCING FOUNDATION 1. Grade of concrete used for Fencing pole = M20 2. Foundation design code IS-456:2000. CABLE TROUGHS IN THE ARRAY YARD Cables in the array will be laid direct in ground at a depth of 1000 mm in the excavated troughs along the approved route and covered with sand cushion. A continuous single brick protective layer of brick will be placed over the entire length of the underground cable before refilling the trough with loose soil. Alternatively, 6 wide continuous layer of 1 thick concrete cable markers will also be provided as protective cable cover. Drains, sewerage lines, entry or exit points of the building or where there are chances of mechanical damage, only terminate cable joints is done. No cable joints to join two cable ends are done. CONTROL ROOM For the operation & maintenance of Solar Photovoltaic Power Plant office cum store building and security house have been proposed. The building will be constructed with RCC (Reinforced Cement Concrete) framed structure with brick partition walls. The construction of the same will be as under
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RCC WORKS All RCC works will be as per IS 456 and the materials used viz. Cement reinforcement; steel etc. will be as per relevant standards. BRICK WORKS Brick works in cement mortar (cm) 1:6 for 9" thick and 4" thick wall respectively. All brick works will be using bricks of approved quality as per IS 3102. Doors & Ventilators Steel framed doors and ventilators will conform to IS 1081 with necessary glass panels including of all fixtures and painting. Plastering Plastering in cement mortar 1:5, 1:6 and 1:3 will be applied to all internal, external walls and ceiling of slab respectively as per IS 1542. Flooring Flooring for stores will be of cement flooring in concrete mix 1:2:4 using 10 mm aggregates as per IS 2571. Flooring for office building, security house and erectors hostel will be of vitrified tiles 8 mm. For toilet area, the floor will be of ceramic tiles 8 mm thicknesses. The wall tiles will be glazed tiles of 6 mm thickness and provided up to lintel level. Roofing The roof of the building will be insulated and waterproofing will be done as per relevant IS standards. Plinth Protection Plinth protection 1000 mm wide will be provided around all the buildings.
Painting Painting work will conform to IS 6278. For distempering IS 427 will be referred. For synthetic enamel painting IS 428 will be followed. For cement painting IS 5410 will be followed and for painting of steel doors and ventilators IS 2338, IS 1477 (Part I & II) will be followed. Rolling Shutters Rolling shutters made of cold rolled strips will conform to IS 4030 with approved gauge thickness will be provided with all fixtures, accessories, painting all etc. complete.
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Water Supply GI pipes of Medium quality will conform to IS 1239 (Part I) and IS 1795 for Mild Steel pipes will be used for all water supply and plumbing works. Plumbing and Sanitary Sanitary fittings, which include water closet (EWC/IWC), wash basins, sink, urinal fitting including flushing tank, and necessary plumbing lines will be provided for office cum stores building and Security house and erectors hostel. Electrification of Building Electrification of buildings will be carried out as per IS 732 and other relevant standards. The lighting design of the buildings will be carried out as per IS 3646. The building will be provided with adequate quantity of light fittings, 5A/ 15A 1 phase sockets, fans etc. Site Drainage and Sewerage System of Building 1. The maximum velocity for pipe drains and open drains will be limited to 2.4 m/sec and 1.8 m/sec respectively. However, minimum non-silting velocity of 0.6 m/ sec will be ensured. Longitudinal bed slope not milder than 1 in 1000 will be provided. 2. For design of RCC pipes for drains and culverts, IS: 456 and IS: 783 will be followed. 3. Adequate protection will be given to site surfaces, roads, ditches, culverts, etc. to prevent erosion of material by water. 4. The drainage system will be adequate without the use of cable/ pipe trenches. 5. For pipe drains, concrete pipe of class NP2 will be used. However, for road crossings etc. higher strength pipe of class NP3 will be provided. Manholes will be provided at every 30m interval, at connection points and at every change of alignment. 6. Open surface drains will be rectangular in cross-section constructed with 380 mm thick size brick masonry walls in cement mortar 1:6 including 75 mm thick bed concrete of grade 1:4:8, 50 mm thick coping in CC of grade 1:3:6 and 20 mm thick neat cement plaster 1:6 for all exposed faces of masonry and concrete OR RCC in M20 grade concrete with walls and raft including lean concrete bed of 75 mm thick PCC 1:4:8, necessary earth work, filling, disposal of surplus soil etc., complete. For expansive soils the guide lines of IS: 9451 will be followed. 7. For peripheral / boundary drains the clear width and depth will be minimum 600 / 450 (W) mm and 500 / 400 (D) mm respectively. 8. The longitudinal gradient of not less than 1 in 1000 will be provided. 9. In general, effluent drainage will be through buried concrete pipes and all storm water drainage will be through open drains/ pipe drains. Open storm water drains will be 36
provided all along the boundaries and on both sides of the roads and will be designed to drain entire free and covered areas and road surface. 10. Pipe drains will be connected through manholes at an interval of max. 30m. 11. Invert of the drainage system will be decided in such a way that the water can easily be discharged above the High Flood Level (HFL) outside substation boundary at suitable location. Pumps for drainage of water (if required) will be provided. 12. The pre-cast manholes will be preferred against cast-in-situ type. The drainage scheme may either employ open drain system or underground pipe system or a combination of both. A manhole will be provided at every turn, corner in case of underground type in addition to the normal requirements. 13. Effluents from the water closet/ Urinals will be conveyed by pipe drains up to septic tank. The location of the septic tank and soak pit will be within the station yard or outside the yard as decided. Septic tank and soak pit for 20 users in all types of soil / rock. 14. For drain in B.C soil/ expansive soil and in filled-up soils, suitable soil strengthening methods such as providing sand cement bed with 10% cement, sand and boulder filling etc., will be provided. OPERATION & MAINTENANCE While preventative maintenance reduces the probability of outages, any PV system experiences outages and performance degradations, due to un-controlled factors such as disturbances in the utility grid, equipment failure, soiling, etc. Effective monitoring enables fast dispatch of service crews to minimize production losses and maximize solar savings. Unlike other solar energy providers who rely on off-the-shelf monitoring solutions, SunEdison has developed unique technology, infrastructure and processes for solar monitoring and service response.
Figure -9 depicts Sun Edisons service structure which is classified under the following four segments: Renewable Operations Center (ROC) SunEdison Energy & Environmental Data System (SEEDS) Production Assurance Service Client Connect 37
Figure -9: SunEdison Service Architecture
Renewable Operations Center (ROC) SunEdison Services was formed for the purpose of maximizing uptime and performance for systems owned and operated by SunEdison. Highly capable and trained technicians are dispatched by a centralized monitoring center called Renewables Operation Center (or ROC) which monitors the plant performance on a real-time basis through SEEDS platform. The service dispatch is prioritized based on severity of the problem as diagnosed remotely by the ROC staff. Remote monitoring by ROC also minimizes the time to repair by pre-diagnosing the problem even before a service personnel has reached the site. This combination of quick response and faster repairs allows SunEdison to realize its goal of maximizing plant uptime and performance.
Figure -10: Renewable Operations Center
Each PV system is equipped with revenue-grade meters that meet and exceed the accuracy requirements of every solar program and public utility commission. We also install a revenue38
grade facility meter to measure net energy usage at the facility interconnection so we can measure the overall energy usage of your facility and calculate your solar savings.
SunEdison Energy & Environmental Data System (SEEDS) Our SEEDS gateway collects information from both generation and facility meters. It is also connected to the PV inverter(s) and one or several weather station(s) measuring irradiance, ambient temperature, PV module temperature and wind speed. The monitoring information is sent every 15 minutes to the SunEdisons ROC, where our staff monitors the performance of every site in the SunEdison PV fleet 24 / 7. In case of an outage or unexpected performance degradation, an auto alert is generated which is attended by the ROC staff almost immediately. ROC staff will then diagnose and qualify the problem remotely and if on-site maintenance is needed they will create a service ticket to quickly dispatch a service crew. The root cause and failure areas are documented for every ticket which allows SunEdison to minimize/eliminate repeat problems by preempting the corrective actions. With a nearby regional office, SunEdison has an unmatched ability to address issues in an expeditious manner. Product Assurance Service SunEdison Solar Production Assurance Services actively monitors your systems so they can achieve optimal performance to increase energy savings and deliver a faster return on your investment. SunEdison gives you the peace of mind that your systems are operating at peak performance. Services include site inspection, monitoring, and preventative maintenance that will enable your system to ultimately produce more solar energy. After an initial site inspection by a SunEdison certified technician, we provide you a detailed list of recommendations to optimize your system performance. SunEdison will also install state-of-the-art monitoring components to give you access to production data and 24/7 monitoring.
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Figure -11: Hourly PV System Output
A systems performance can be increased by as much as 32% by cleaning dirty panels, tightening loose connections, and addressing inverter issues.
Figure -11 depicts an example where the output was increased by 185,600 kWh annually. Based on the PG&E A6 tariff rate of 16.5 cents per kWh, SunEdison Production Assurance services would have saved this system $30,624 annually. Keeping your system running at peak performance saves money and optimizes your return on investment. Poor maintenance can void system warranties and expose you to liabilities. Client Connect Client Connect is an online portal that allows you to monitor your solar power system performance in 15-minute intervals and provides you seamless access to production data and environmental savings. With Client Connect, you can easily generate and export reports that demonstrate system and environmental savings across all of your facilities. Refer section WEB BASED MONITORING for details about Client Connect. QUALITY INSPECTION AT SITE When SunEdison completes a PV system, we conduct a walk-through with the host customers Facilities Operations Manager (or equivalent). We discuss specific details such as the start-up and shut-down of the system, the location of all PV equipment, and the safety considerations associated with a PV system. We will submit sufficient and self explanatory documentation1 which will include, 1. Detailed operations manual
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2. Safety Manual 3. Safety Placards / Boards We find it valuable to train the host customer maintenance personnel in the basic operation of the system, so that they are able to undertake basic checks and inform SunEdison personnel of any potential issues. For any advanced troubleshooting maintenance, SunEdison qualified personnel will be sent on-site. The SunEdison preventative maintenance program includes a yearly site quality inspection that assesses over 150 components of the PV system in five functional areas, inverter maintenance consistent with warranty requirements, regular panel cleanings using biodegradable cleansers and non-abrasive brushes, plant removal for flat rooftop systems and landscaping in the case of ground mounted systems. Table -3 lists some sample parameters for inspecting the site quality.
Table -3: Sample Site Quality Inspection Summary
Area of Investigation Electrical Systems Mechanical Infrastructure Monitoring System Metering General Site Conditions
Number of Items Checked 78 35 18 15 6
Example of Specific Components Panel, Inverter, System Disconnects, Coupling, Combiners, Junction Boxes, Wiring Racking, Module Mounting, Inverter Shade Structure, Inverter Pad General Infrastructure, Specific Monitoring Devices, Weather Station General Infrastructure, Specific Components Cleanliness, Safety Access etc.
Specific maintenance may vary greatly due to site conditions, but in general, SunEdison provides: remote monitoring, service dispatch, soilage inspection (washing panels), mechanical inspection, electrical inspection, modules inspection, inverters and transformer inspection. Table -4 illustrates a description and timeline of preventative maintenance activities. The exact scope of the O & M and the relevant timelines attached with each activity will be explained in the O & M manual delivered at the time of commissioning of the project.
Table -4: Operations & Maintenance Activities
41 Timeline
Installation Fortnightly Half Yearly Shift Wise Quarterly Monthly Weekly Hourly Yearly Daily
Action Taken Quality Control Monitor System Remotely
Description of Maintenance System validation, identify problem areas, establish warranty Identify and trouble shoot under-performing Systems
TRAINING The installation of solar PV Systems requires a set of skills which are not widely available in the current marketplace. For this purpose, SunEdison trains the workforce which will power the renewable energy economy. With respect to the current site, the Facility Manager and other necessary facility staff will be trained by SunEdison personnel on basic operation of the PV system, emergency shut-off, safety manuals, module cleaning and the like. This will enable the customer to operate the plant at maximum efficiency and also address any situation requiring immediate attention. WARRANTY Our mechanical structures, electrical works including power conditioners, and overall workmanship of the SPV power plant are warranted against any manufacturing /design / installation defects for a minimum of five years. The PV modules used in the power plant are warranted for their output peak watt capacity which is not less than 90% at the end of 10 years and 80% at the end of 25 years. PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION The project is planned to be implemented at the earliest. The most essential aspect regarding the implementation of this project is to ensure that the project is completed within the schedule, spanning 6 months from the placement of purchase order after the signing of the PPA. A good planning, scheduling, and monitoring program is imperative to complete the project on time and without cost overruns. The project zero date starts once the kick- off meeting has taken place and the advance payment has been received.
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It is envisaged that the project will have the below mentioned phase of activities. These phases are not mutually exclusive; to implement the project on fast track basis some degree of overlapping is envisaged.
Figure-12: Project Schedule
Refer Annexure IV for a detailed timeline proposed for this project. PROPOSED ORGANIZATION CHART
SunEdison has a highly experienced team that has pioneered and perfected the process of developing and maintaining turnkey solar PV systems. We employ in-house electrical and structural crews who work exclusively in the PV industry.
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These technicians are deeply experienced with PV technologies, and are well acquainted with the particular nuances of their unique regulatory and climatic environment. SunEdison only subcontracts with companies that share our commitment to the long-term value of the solar arrays. Error! Reference source not found. depicts the proposed organization structure of his project based on these factors only. POWER EVACUATION 1. Power from the proposed power plant would be evacuated through a 33 kV substation which will be interconnected to the proposed substation of 33/11 kVA of APCPDCL GRID situated at Choutuppal. SALE OF POWER 2. It is proposed to sell upto100 % power through 3rd Party Sale as per the Andhra Pradesh Solar power policy with a Min 10 Years long term PPA route with the support of REC Mechanism. CONSTRUCTION FACILITIES Construction Materials 3. Construction materials required for the construction of the proposed power plant would be procured from nearby sources. Construction Power 4. Construction power of 800/1000 kVA would be required and same would be met from the grid power supply available at 11 kV level from the nearby sub-station and then stepping it down to the 415 V level to be used at the plant end. Construction Water 5. Construction water of about 500 liters/day would be required, which could be met from tankers.
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ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS 6. Environmental clearance for the proposed the proposed 1 MW Solar PV Project is exempted from MoEF and from State Pollution Control Board. But keeping in view of the state Pollution control board regulations the project is applied for Consent for Establishment and Consent from Operation which will be issued from State PCB 7. Effluents from the power plant like drainage water would be led to common guard pond for collection and treatment, and would be recycled. Zero discharge philosophy would be adopted. 8. Rain water harvesting measures would be adopted in the proposed plant for conservation of rain water. Rain water from the buildings roofs would be collected in collection tanks of suitable capacity and would be supplied for plant use as well as gardening purposes. 9. Necessary measures would be taken to limit the noise levels within the permissible limits in the premises and at the plant boundary. 10. Green belt, as required by regulations would be considered within the premises. 11. In view of the above measures no significant impact on environment is expected due to the installation of proposed power plant. PROJECT COST AND TARIFF 12. The estimated project cost for the proposed power plant of 1 MW Solar PV Project with Poly Crystalline from Tier 1 Supplier works out to Rs10.32 crores including taxes, interest during construction and financing charges. 13. Accordingly the cost of generation is Rs 6.38 / kWh for first year of operation. PROJECT SCHEDULE 14. Based on expected deliveries of main plant and equipment, project implementation period will be 6 months from zero date to commercial operation date for the 1 MW Solar PV Power Plant unit as indicated in the project milestone schedule, Exhibit-12.
45
Sl.No. Task Name Month --> 1 SIGNING OF PPA 2 Financial Closure 3 Engineering Preparation of Plant Layout Preparation of basic civil drawings/layout Preparation of P&I drawings Preparation of Engg (Fabrication) drawings Preparation of Tender Specification, NIT, 4 Evaluation & Award of Contract, Civil & E&M 5 Procurement Placement of the Order 6 Civil Works Site Preparation Construction of site office Construction of module mounting structures Construction of control room Installation of module mounting structures Installation of modules Erection of elec. Components and cabling Erection of power evacuation system Erection of Grid synchronisation system 7 Installation 8 Testing 9 Commissioning 10 Training 11 Start of Commercial Production
RECOMMENDATIONS 15. Certain details of the proposed power plants are provided in this report to enable VGEPL for initiating further actions on the project. These activities by VGEPL are listed below, which are required by the prospective project developer to prepare their technical and financial offer for the project. i. Submit application to Andhra Pradesh State PCB authorities for CFE and CFO for the plant capacity of 1 MW. ii. To conduct detailed topographic survey of the identified land and the land in the vicinity so as to firm up actual coordinates and extent of land. iii. To carryout detailed soil and geo-technical investigations to ascertain safe bearing capacity and to conclude type of foundations viz. open type foundations or pile foundations. iv. Initiate discussions with prospective Indian Financial Institutions, Foreign Financial Institutions, external commercial borrowing agencies, Indian commercial banks and reputed main plant equipment suppliers.
46
v. Carry out electrical system studies to establish power evacuation schemes and selection of sub-station.
ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS
GENERATOR BUS DUCT

1.
The terminals of the generator will be connected to the respective generator transformer through Isolated Phase Bus Duct (IPBD) of adequate short circuit withstand capability with suitably rated tap-offs to the unit auxiliary transformer. The bus duct will be natural air cooled and will run partly indoors and partly outdoor. The bus duct installation will be complete with generator line side and neutral side current transformers and line side voltage transformers required for protection and metering.
The surge protection equipment consisting of LA's with suitable discharge characteristics to suit generator basic insulation level will be provided. The rating of the generator bus duct will be as furnished in Table - VII.2 below.
Table - VI.2 Generator Bus Duct S. No. 1 2 3 4 Parameters Type of Bus Duct Type of cooling Nominal service Voltage/frequency Rated Voltage (or as per Alternator manufacture's standard rating) Continuous current rating Basic impulse insulation level (1.2/ 50 micro-sec) Bus bar conductor material VT and SP cubicle (a) Voltage transformer (b) Lightning Arrestor (c) Surge capacitor GENERATOR TRANSFORMER 47 Busduct IPBD Natural air cooled 11 kV/50 Hz 12 kV
5 6 7 8
2250A 75 kV (peak) Aluminium as per IS 5082 11000V /V3 / 110 V /V3 / 110 V / V3, 3 nos., 100 VA / ph 12 kV Gapless Zinc oxide with nominal discharge current of 10 kA. 12 kV capacitance 0.25 pF at 50 Hz
2.
The generator will be connected to the 33 kV switchyard through the generator transformer (GT). The rating and other details of the generator transformer are as in Table - VI.3 Table - VI.3 Generator Transformer
Sl. No. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.
Particulars Type of cooling Rating No load voltage ratio Vector group Percentage impedance Type of tap changer Tap range Impulse voltage (1.2/ 50 micro-sec)
Rating ONAN / ONAF / OFAF 3 Phase 90/120/150 MVA (ONAN/ONAF/OFAF) 11 kV / 33 kV YNd1 12.5% On Load -10% to +10% in steps of 1.25%
withstand HV: 450 kV peak. Terminals on connection. bushings for overhead line
Terminal connection HV side MV Side
Throat type with matching flanges for connection to IPBD. IS 2026
10.
Applicable standard
EVACUATION OF POWER
3.
It is proposed to evacuate the power at 33 kV through the proposed APCPDCL substation. Start-up power will be obtained from 33/11 kVA Choutuppal APCPDCL Grid in Nalgonda District of Andhra Pradesh by back charging the 33 kV lines. 33 kV switchyard will have the following bays: a) Generator transformer bays b) Line bays c) Station Transformer bays d) Bus Coupler bay e) Transfer bus coupler bay f) Total number of bays 1 No 2 Nos 2 Nos 1 No 1 No 7 Nos
48
33 kV SWITCHYARD
4.
Two main buses with two lines and one transfer bus are proposed for the 132 kV switchyard to evacuate the power. The details of the switching scheme is shown in Exhibit-09.The switchyard equipment i.e., breakers, isolators, current transformers and buses will be rated for a short circuit current rating of 40 kA for 1 second. The technical parameters of the switchyard are indicated in Table - VI.4 below.
5.
For each of the outgoing lines, precision energy metering will be provided. It is proposed to provide dedicated 2 core CTs and 2 core EMVTs of accuracy class 0.2S for tariff metering purpose for each line. The metering panel will be located near the tariff CTs / EMVTs such that the length of the metering cable is kept to a minimum to reduce errors in energy recording. Main metering panel shall be provided by APCPDCL and space will be provided adjacent to this metering panel to enable client to install check metering for their verification. The metering panel will have ABT (Availability Based Tariff) energy meters with 0.2S accuracy class
6.
Power Line Carrier Communication (PLCC) system shall be provided for data and voice communication, carrier aided protection, telemetry, telecontrol and monitoring purposes. Each end of transmission line shall be provided with identical PLCC equipment. PLCC system shall be provided for all the lines. The carrier current equipment comprises of coupling capacitor, line trap unit, tuning unit, data & communication panels.
7.
Auxiliary power supply to the unit auxiliaries will be through unit auxiliary transformer connected directly to the generator through isolated phase bus duct. Power supply to station auxiliaries will be supplied through station transformer. Startup power for the unit auxiliaries will be supplied through station buses 1 & 2. Once the unit is started and the generator picks up rated speed and voltage, 33 kV GT breaker is closed after synchronizing with the grid and the unit loads will be fed transferred to unit auxiliary transformer. The station switchgears will provide standby supply to the unit switchgear so that in the event of outage of unit auxiliary transformer or during startup /coasting of the unit, the station transformers can feed the unit auxiliary loads.
Unit Auxiliary Transformer (UAT)

8.
One two winding unit auxiliary transformer will be provided for the unit to feed unit auxiliary loads. The details of UAT are indicated in Table - VII.5 below. The unit 49
auxiliary transformer will supply power to the 6.6kV unit switchgear as shown in enclosed Exhibit - 9. As far as possible, the unit auxiliary loads will be distributed equally on each 6.6 kV bus such that in case of outage of any one bus, it will still be possible to operate the unit at partial load. Service Transformers
9.
Adequate number of 2 x 100% service transformers will be provided for both unit and station loads depending on service / location and grouping of the loads. These transformers will be rated at 2000 / 1600 / 1250 / 630 KVA, 6.6 kV / 420 V with a vector group of Dyn11. They will supply power to the 400 V auxiliaries of the unit, auxiliaries of ash handling system, coal handling, fuel oil pumps, cooling towers, CW system, AC system, water treatment system and clarified pump house loads. The neutral of these transformers will be solidly earthed. The transformers will be provided with + / - 5% off-circuit taps in steps of 2.5% on the HV side. The details of service transformers are indicated in Table-VII.5. Table - VI.5 Unit Auxiliary Transformer / Service Transformers
Sl. No 1. 2. 3. 4. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
Unit Auxiliary Unit Service Transformer Transformer MVA rating 10/15 See enclosed key SLD Type of cooling ONAN /ONAF ONAN No load voltage 11 kV / 6.9 kV 6.6 kV / 420 V ratio Vector group Dyn11 Dyn11 Type of tap Off circuit Off-circuit changer Tap range and +/-5% in steps of 2.5% +/-5% in steps of Steps. 2.5% Impulse withstand HV: 75 kV peak LV : 60 HV: 60 kV peak (1.2/50 micro-sec.) kV peak Power frequency HV: 28 kV rms LV : 20 HV: 20kVvrms/ withstand HV/LV kV rms LV: 3kV rms Applicable IS 2026 standards
Particulars
Other Service Transformers See enclosed key SLD ONAN 6.6 kV / 420 V Dyn11 Off-circuit +/-5% in steps of 2.5% HV: 60 kV peak HV: 20kV rms / LV: 3kV rms
Station Transformer (ST)

10.
It is proposed to draw unit start-up power and station auxiliary power from 33 kV switchyard of APCPDCL by providing two station transformers of capacity 5MVA
50
each. It has been proposed keeping in view that unit will get start-up power during outage of any one ST. The details of ST are indicated in Table VII.5 below.
11.
Station transformer-1 will supply power to the 6.6 kV station bus1 and station transformer-2 will supply power to station bus 2 as shown in enclosed Exhibit-9. The station transformer will also supply unit loads during starting & coasting of unit. The unit load will be automatically switched to station supply through fast changeover scheme provided between station and unit switchgear whenever units trip. Table - VI.7 Station Transformers Particulars Rating Type of cooling ONAN/ONAF Rating 5/10 MVA Winding Two winding No load voltage ratio 220/6.9kV Vector group YN0yn0 Percentage impedance 12.5% Type of tap changer On-load Tap range -10% to +10 % in steps of 1.25 % Impulse voltage withstand (1.2/ 50 micro- HV: 450 kV peak. sec) Terminal connection Terminals on bushings for overhead HV Side Line connection LV Side SPBD Applicable Standard IS 2026 6.6 kV Switchgear
Sl No 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
11
12.
6.6 kV system will be medium resistance earthed with earth fault current limited to 400 A. The switchgear will be rated for symmetrical fault current of 40 kA for 1 second. The 6600 V switchgear will comprise draw-out type Vacuum / SF6 circuit breakers housed in indoor, metal-enclosed cubicles and will cater to all 6.6 kV motors and 6.6 kV / 420 V transformers. The switchgear will be equipped with control, protection, interlock and metering features as required. Separate 6.6 kV switchgear will be provided for the Unit & Station loads as shown in the SLD. All motor feeders will be provided with circuit breakers. Technical parameters of 6.6kV switchgear are given in Table-XII.6 below. Table - VI.6 6.6kV Switch Gear
Sl No
Particulars 51
Rating
1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4
Switch gear Nominal system voltage, phases and frequency System Neutral Earthing Power frequency with stand / impulse withstand (1.2 / 50 micro- sec). Short time withstand / dynamic rating Applicable standards Circuit breaker Type Operating duty Rated current Rated breaking / making current Short time rating Mechanism HRC Fuses Type Application Symmetrical Breaking capacity Applicable standards
6600 V, 3 Phase, 50 Hz Non effectively earthed 20 kV rms / 60 kV peak. 40 kA for 1.0 sec / 100 kA peak. IS 3427 Vacuum / SF6, draw out type 0 - 3 min - CO-3 min-CO. As required 40 kA rms / 100 kA peak. 40 kA for 1.0 sec. Motor charged spring closing Current limiting HRC fuses Short-circuit protection of 6.6 kV motor feeders with vacuum contactors 40 kA rms IS 9224
400V System
13.
The 400V, 3 phase, 3 wire power for the 400 V auxiliaries will be obtained from 6.6 kV/420V service transformers provided in each area. The system will be a solidly earthed system, for maximum reliability, duplicate power supplies with auto changeover facility will be provided for the essential power and motor control centers. The 400V switchgear will be of metal enclosed design with a symmetrical short circuit rating of 50 kA for 1 sec. All power and motor control centers will be compartmentalized and will be of double front execution. They will be of fully drawout design with all circuit components mounted on a removable sheet metal chassis. The circuit breakers will be of air break type. Generally motor starting will be direct on line. All LT motors will be controlled by air break, electro-magnetic type contactors provided with ambient temperature compensated, time lagged, hand reset type thermal overload relays, having adjustable setting with built-in single phase preventer backed up by HRC fuses for protection against short circuits. The technical particulars of 400V switchgear are as given in Table - XII.7below.
52
Table-VI.9 400 VSwitch Gear Sl No 1.0 1.1 1,2 1.3 Particulars Switch gear and Bus bar rating Rated voltage/No. Of phases/frequency System neutral ear thing 400 V / 3 Ph. / 50 Hz Solidly earthed Rating
One minute power frequency withstand voltage (a) Power circuit 2500 V (b) Control circuit (c) Aux. Circuits connected to CTs 1500 V 2000 V
1.4 1.5 1.6 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 4.0
Maximum allowable Temperature of Bus 900C bars Short circuit withstand of Bus bars 50 kA for 1 sec. Dynamic rating of bus bars Circuit breakers Type Operating duty Rated breaking current / Making current Short circuit withstand current Starters Type DOL, star-delta and reversible Air break, motor charged spring closing mechanism 0 - 3 min - CO-3 min - CO 50kA at 400V AC / 120kA peak 50kA for 1 sec. 120 kA peak
Contactor rated duty as per IS 2959 and IS Continuous and Intermittent 8544 Utilization categories as per IS 2959 AC 3 and AC 4 as required Applicable standards IS 4237
DC System
14.
The unit will be provided with a 2 x 100% capacity 220 V battery bank with associated 2 x 100% capacity float cum boost chargers, which will feed the unit DC switchboard. 2 x 100% capacity battery with 2 x 100% float cum boost charger will be provided for the station loads including switchyard. The incoming and outgoing feeder circuits in DC switchboard will be provided with switch-fuse units, which will have suitable supervisory devices against fuse failure. 220 V DC supply required for 53
ash handling system & coal handling system will be catered by a separate 2 x 100% battery along with 2 x 100% float cum boost charger.
Emergency Power Supply

15.
To enable safe unit shut down during complete A.C supply failure in the station, certain important plant auxiliaries will be provided with a reliable A.C power supply through a separate source. For this purpose, one (1) no suitably rated (125 kVA approx.) diesel generator set with automatic mains failure (AMF) feature will be provided to cater emergency loads of the unit. DG switchgear will be provided for the DG set. From DG switchgear tie feeders will be provided to normal/emergency switchgear. 400 V normal / emergency switch gears will cater to all the essential loads such as the A.C emergency lube oil and jacking oil pump, scanner fans, SG cool down equipment and related valves, UPS, battery chargers, emergency lights, and essential instrument power supply feeders will be connected. When the normal A.C supply is healthy, the normal / emergency switchgear will be fed from the unit service switchgear. When the normal A.C supply fails, the DG set will start automatically and will feed the loads connected to the normal / emergency switch gear. When the normal A.C supply is restored, these essential loads will be manually changed over to the normal power supply. Uninterrupted Power Supply (UPS) system
16.
For DCS, panel mounted instruments, CRTs, printers, analysers, recorder, etc., 110 V single phase A.C un-interruptible power supply will be made available. This power supply will be derived from parallel redundant with static bypass un-interruptible power supply system having two (2) sets of inverters connected to 110 V unit or station DCDB. Also a standby regulated AC supply will be provided as a back up to the inverters which will be switched on through static switch in case of inverter failure. 33 kV Switchyard Protection and Control
17.
The details of the protections that will be provided for the various electrical equipment viz., Generator, Generator Transformers (GT), unit Auxiliary Transformer (UAT), Station Transformer, service transformers, 132 kV lines, HV& LV motors, switchgear, 54
etc. are indicated below. The selection of the protective scheme will be based mainly on reliability, sensitivity, selectivity and technical merits. All main protections will be of fast acting type in order to isolate the faulty system from the healthy system in the shortest possible time, to minimise damage to the equipment and ensure continuity of power supply. Numerical type of relay for protection of generator, switchyard and motors will be provided. Generator Protections
18.
Generator relay panel (GRP) will be provided for the unit and will be located in the unit control room. The following protections will be provided in the GRP. The protections will be divided into two groups; each group being 100% redundant and on separate CTs / VTs & DC supply, so that even if one group of protections is not available or under maintenance, the generator is protected by the other group. Separate dead Machine protection scheme along with independent DC supply will be provided. Generator differential protection (87G) Generator stator 0 - 95% earth fault protection (64 G1) Generator stator earth fault (95 - 100%) protection (64G2) Generator back-up stator earth fault (0-95%) protection (64G3) Rotor earth fault protection (2 stage) (64F1 and 64F2) Generator negative phase sequence protection (46G) Generator reverse power protection/low forward power protection (32G/37G) Generator loss of excitation protection (40G) Generator pole slipping protection (78G) Generator under frequency protection (81G) Generator over-voltage protection (59G) Generator backup impedance protection (21G) Generator stator overload protection (50GS) Generator VT fuse failure protection (60G) Dead machine protection (61B) Generator field over-voltage protection (59F). Generator, Generator Transformer and Unit Transformers over-fluxing protection (99G) Generator inter turn protection (if required) 55
Generator Transformer Protections

19.
The following protections will be provided for the Generator Transformer: Generator transformer HV winding restricted earth fault protection (64GT) Generator, generator transformer and unit auxiliary transformers overall differential protection (87OA) Generator transformer differential protection (87GT) Generator transformer over-current protection (51GT) Generator Transformer LBB protection(50LBB) Generator transformer neutral over-current protection (51NGT) Generator transformer directional inverse time over current protection (67) Generator transformer directional inverse time earth fault protections (67N) Buchholz (63), winding temperature (49WT), oil temperature (49OT)
protections ,OLTC Buchholz. Generator transformer pressure relief protection (63PTX). Generator transformer fire protection trip, oil level low, cooler trouble alarms.
Unit Auxiliary Transformer Protections

20.
The protections that will be provided for the unit auxiliary transformers are: UAT differential protection (87UAT) and short circuit protection (50UAT) UAT back-up over-current protection on HV and LV sides (51 UAT) Backup earth fault protection on LV side (51N) Buchholz (63T), Winding temperature (49WT) and Oil temperature (49OT) protections. UAT pressure relief protection (63PTX) UAT fire protection trip (63 RTX) LV side LBB protection(50LBB)
Station Transformer (ST) Protections

21.
The following protections will be provided for the Station Transformer: 56
a) ST HV&LV winding restricted earth fault protection (64HV/LV) b) ST differential protection (87ST) c) Back up over -current protection on HV & LV sides (51) d) ST neutral over-current protection (51N) e) Buchholz (63), winding temperature (49WT) and oil temperature (49OT) protections, OLTC Buchholz. f) ST pressure relief protection (63PTX).
g) ST fire protection trip ( 63 RTX)
6.6 kV / 420 V SERVICE TRANSFORMER PROTECTIONS

22.
The following protections will be provided for service transformers: Over current protection on HV and LV sides (51) and short circuit protection (50) on HV side Earth fault protection on HV and LV sides (51N and 50N), LV side neutral O/C protection. Buchholz (63T), Winding temperature (49WT) and Oil temperature (49OT) protections.
132
23.
kV Line Protections
The 33 kV lines will have the following protections: a) Distance protection (21-1) with auto re-closing scheme & zone acceleration scheme b) Distance protection (21-2) with auto reclosing scheme & zone acceleration scheme c) Fuse fail relay (FFR) for each secondary of CVT d) Directional inverse time over current & earth fault protection (67/67N) e) Under voltage relays for live-line/dead bus and dead-line/live bus closing and safe grid establishment (27-1, 27-2,27S) f) Distance to fault locator (DFL), Fault Disturbance recorder (FDR)
g) No voltage protection (27-3,27-4) h) Grid islanding protection
57
33kV Bus Bar Protection

24.
Tuned (50HZ) high impedance high-speed bus fault relay is proposed for detecting the fault on 33 kV bus. The bus bar protection scheme will have detecting elements for each of the main bus and one check zone element. The main and check zone elements will be connected to different secondaries of the CTs and tripping will be initiated only when respective bus and check elements operate. Bus wire supervision relays to guard against faults in the CT secondary wiring and bus wire shorting relay to short CT secondary bus wires on fault are also proposed. Local Breaker back-up (50 LBB) Protection
25.
LBB protection can be as a part of main relay. The local breaker back-up protection relay will be a triple pole over-current relay with high drop-off to pick-up ratio with fast acting feature. This will provide protection against stuck breaker condition for the 132 kV systems. This protection will be initiated by primary fault detecting relays and time delayed to permit the breaker to trip. Circuit Breaker Protection
26.
Circuit breaker should have two trip coils and all the trip coils of the circuit breakers will be supervised. The following protections will also be included: Pole discrepancy protection Trip coil supervision relay for each trip coil Anti pumping device for breaker closing (94).
Protection of 6.6 kV Motors

27.
All 6.6 kV motors will be provided with the following protections: Thermal overload protection Overload alarm protection Instantaneous over current protection Locked rotor protection Negative sequence protection Differential protection (For motor ratings of 1000 kW and above) Earth fault protection Prolonged Bus under voltage protection Bearing temperature and vibration monitor 58
Water flow monitor for CACW motors Lube oil pressure monitor Winding temperature monitor
Protection of 400 V Motors

28.
Motors rated below 100 kW will have bi-metallic relays for thermal overload protection and HRC fuses for short circuit protection. Motors rated 100 kW to 200 kW will be provided with motor protection relays inclusive of locked rotor protection in addition to above. Power Supply and Lighting Circuits
29.
The power supply feeders will have properly rated HRC fuses for short-circuit protection. Lighting circuits will be protected by miniature circuit breakers.
33kV Switchyard Control

30.
All breakers and isolators of 33 kV system will be controlled from DCS located in main control room .Relay panels pertaining to switchyard will be located in the switchyard relay room, which will be kept locked. The control panels will consists of the following: Mimic of bay layout Metering Facia annunciation Indicating and monitoring lamps Cabling System
31.
Power cables would be selected based on the following criteria: Continuous circuit current rating De-rating factors for ambient temperature and grouping Short circuit rating of the circuit Voltage dip Standardization of cable sizes to reduce inventory
32.
The following types of cables will be used: For 6.6 kV system 6.6kV unearthed grade, stranded aluminium conductor, cross linked polyethylene (XLPE) insulated, extruded black PVC inner sheathed, galvanized steel wire 59
a)
armoured for three core or aluminium wire armoured for single core and overall FRLS extruded black PVC sheathed cables conforming to IS : 7098.
b) For medium and low voltage system Power cables of 1100V grade, stranded aluminium conductor, cross linked polyethylene (XLPE) insulated, extruded black PVC inner sheathed galvanized steel wire armoured for three cores or Aluminum wire armoured for single core and overall FRLS extruded black PVC sheathed cables conforming to IS : 7098.
c) For control applications 1100V grade annealed high conductivity stranded copper conductor, PVC insulated, PVC inner sheathed armoured and FRLS extruded black PVC outer sheathed cables conforming to IS: 1554.Conductor cross section will generally by 1.5mm2.CT,PT and switchyard control circuits will use 2.5 or 4 mm2 copper conductor cables.
d) For instrumentation applications Stranded high conductivity annealed tinned copper conductor, multicore, PVC insulated, flexible, twisted pair / triplets, individually and overall shielded (for low level analog signals) and only overall shielded for digital signals, PVC inner sheathed, steel wire armoured and overall PVC sheathed cables. All the insulation including overall sheath would be FRLS quality Conductor cross section will be 0.5 mm2. 1.5 mm2 copper control cable would be used for cabling between MCC and Control system. Compensating cables will be provided for connecting the thermocouple inputs to the control system.
33.
Cables would be laid in fabricated steel ladder type or perforated type cable trays in the station and other auxiliary building and upper elevations of the steam generator area. Between buildings, the cables would be laid in built-up trenches. Cables to other plant areas located far off from the station building would be laid on overhead racks. Lighting System
60
34.
Suitable illumination necessary to facilitate normal operation and maintenance activities and to ensure safety of working personnel will be provided. This will be achieved by artificial lighting.
35.
Fluorescent fixtures will be used for illumination in switchgear rooms, offices, and control room. A combination of high-pressure sodium vapour and fluorescent fixtures will be used for the turbine building. For steam generator area and pump houses, high-pressure sodium vapour lamp fixtures will be provided. The illumination levels at different places will be maintained as per accepted norms. The lighting system will be designed to ensure uniform illumination. Power distribution having a lighting transformer to limit the fault current and to obtain 3 phase, 4 wire system will be through 400V, 3 phase, 4 wire lighting distribution boards. A suitable number of lighting panels will be located in each area. Power to the lighting panels will be supplied from the 230V, 1 phase, 2 wire distribution. About 80% of the total light fittings in TG building, boiler and transformer yard will be connected to the normal 230 V AC lighting supply and the balance 20% to the Normal /Emergency bus fed from the DG set. DC emergency lights are envisaged at strategic points in the power station viz., near entrances, staircases, control rooms, emergency switchgear area etc. These will be fed from 220 V DC systems, which will be normally off when AC power is available. These will be automatically switched on when the normal / emergency AC supply fails. Outdoor and Indoor lighting will be separated and all outdoor lightings will be controlled through automatic timer or light sensing switch to optimise energy consumption.
Safety Earthing and Lightning Protection

36.
A safety earthing system comprising buried steel conductor earthing grid will be provided for the power station building switchyard and other outlying areas. This will be connected to the earth grids in various buildings. The buried earth grids will be further connected to earthing electrodes. The selection of earth conductor sizes will be based on the applicable fault levels. Lightning protection system comprising roof conductors, vertical air termination and down-comers will be provided for all structures whose calculated risk index requires protection as per applicable standards.
Communication System 61
37.
For effective communication in the plant, private automatic branch exchange system (EPABX), walkie-talkie system and P&T telephone system with the features described below will be provided:
a) EPABX System
This system will have adequate number of push button type handset stations, central automatic telephone exchange, etc. The handsets in the control room would be provided with priority service facility to enable them to have immediate access to any handset even if it is already engaged.
b) Landline basic Telephones
Necessary number of Landline telephone sets would be provided at strategic locations.
c) Walkie-talkie Systems
Wireless Walkie-talkie systems (hand-held portable, two-way radio transceivers) will be provided for mobile communications. These systems will be of particular use during commissioning stage as well as subsequently for convenience during maintenance. Interface between the EPABX and walkie-talkies will be provided to enable communication between these systems. Fire Detection / Alarm and Fire Proof Sealing System
38.
A fire alarm system will be provided to facilitate visual and audible fire detection at the incipient stage of fire in the power station. This system will comprise manual call points located at strategic locations in areas which are normally manned and automatic fire detectors such as smoke detectors, optical detectors & temperature detectors located in plant areas, such as control room, switch gear room, cable vaults, battery rooms, etc., to detect fire at an early stage. Multi sensors will be provided wherever applicable. Linear heat detectors will be provided for the cable gallery and conveyors. All fire detection systems will be of the addressable type. Fireproof sealing will be provided for all cable penetrations through walls and floors to prevent spreading of fire from one area / floor to another. Fire retardant compound 62
will be applied to cable along the length at suitable interval having two hour fire rating. PLCC
39.
A digitalised programmable type carrier communication system shall be provided at 33kV switchyard on each of the transmission lines for inter-tripping and communication with remote end substation.
Clock System
40.
A Clock system with one master clock and 16 clocks located at various strategic locations of the Power Plant will be provided. The master clock pulses will also be used for synchronizing of reference time based apparatus like sequence of events recorder (SOE), disturbance recorders and tariff metering equipment. Synchronizing of master clock with INSAT reference time using suitable antenna & receiver is envisaged.
INSTRUMENTATION AND CONTROL SYSTEM
Distributed Microprocessor Based Control & Monitoring System
63
1.
Microprocessor based distributed control system with state of art Man - Machine Interface (MMI) is proposed to provide a comprehensive integrated instrumentation and control system including the functions of Data Acquisition System (DAS) to operate, control and monitor the steam generator and auxiliaries, steam turbine generator and auxiliaries and the balance of plant systems with a hierarchically distributed structure.
2.
The Distributed control system (DCS) will use the state of the art technique of functional distribution of control and monitoring to reduce the risks associated with failure of any single controlling unit. The DCS has complete control capabilities that include closed loop control, open loop control, computation and interfacing for data acquisition, graphic displays, logging, annunciation, data storage, retrieval, performance calculations and management information system. The system allows for CRT operation from the control desk. The communication from the control desk operators' interface to the electronic hardware is over a data highway. The system is provided with redundancy at various levels thereby ensuring reliability of the system.
3.
The distributed microprocessor based system proposed is functionally distributed. In the functionally distributed microprocessor based system, electronic cubicles will be located in a centralised location with operation from the control room. Remote I/O modules are envisaged for acquiring switchyard signals in the main control room.
4.
The instrumentation and control system will integrate the functions of plant monitoring, control and information systems. The system functions will be distributed in a hierarchical system structure to facilitate the task of integration, co-ordination and autonomous operation of plant sub-systems / equipment depending on the plant operation mode. The plant information system will perform the functions of data logging, operation reports, unit performance monitoring and plant start-up and shutdown guidance. All equipment and processes in the unit will be controlled and monitored from central unit control room. The unit control room houses unit control desk and related power supply and system cabinets.
5.
A dedicated Microprocessor based DCS of uniform hardware with state-of-the art MMI covering the following is envisaged
64
i.
SG integral controls like burner management system, secondary air damper control, soot blowing, high pressure by-pass system and steam temperature control.
ii.
TG integral controls like automatic steam turbine run-up system (ATRS), turbine protection electro-hydraulic turbine controls (EHTC), automatic turbine tester (ATT), turbine stress evaluator, low pressure by-pass system and gland steam controls.
iii.
6.
Balance of plant controls including regenerative cycle controls.
Utility Packages Utility packages like coal handling system, ash handling system, DM Plant, Air Compressors and Fuel oil system are proposed with dedicated stand-alone I&C system. Air conditioning system will be microprocessor-based system. Chemical dosing system will be relay based. The control of the packages located in a control room nearer to the respective equipment. Suitable interface (hardwired and /or serial) will be provided with the plant I & C system in the main control room.
7.
Unit Control Desk The unit, functional group / drive level control and operation of all main plant equipment including generator, transformers and auxiliaries will be from a set of monitors mounted on a control desk.
8.
The unit control desk (UCD) will house the following items: a) Monitors for operation, control and monitoring of steam generator, turbine generator and auxiliaries b) Alarm monitors c) Telephone handsets
9.
All these monitors are supported by the following peripherals which are located in the control room: a) Graphic printers (colour) b) LaserJet printers c) Character printer (Operator's action). 65
10.
The operator can perform the following operations of main plant and balance of plant from monitors in the UCD through key boards. Emergency stop LPB's will be provided for all drives:
a) Operation of all control valves, control dampers, motor operated valves, interlocked isolating valves and dampers, non-interlocked isolating valves & dampers, motor operated bypass valves of control valves, warm-up valves, drain valves and vent valves in the steam generator, turbine generator and auxiliaries and auxiliary electrical systems. b) Operation of pumps and fans associated with the steam generator, turbine generator, feed cycle and other auxiliary systems. c) Call for plant overview, group display, individual loop display, etc. and carry out associated control operations. A separate monitor with keyboard will be provided for the Shift Charge Engineer. However, plant operations from this monitor will be inhibited. Electrical Control Panel (ECP)
11.
All breakers with synchronising / check synchronisation facility will be controlled from ECP. This will include the GT breakers, 6.6 kV incomers and bus coupler and the 415 V PMCC incomers and bus coupler and the 415 V normal/emergency switchgear incomers. Additionally the SST HT side breakers and tie feeders from the 6.6 kV station switchgear will be controlled from the ECP. In addition, all the above controls will be provided in the main plant DCS.
Control Room
12.
The control room is partitioned into different rooms to house the following equipment: a. Unit Control Desk (UCD) and printers in the main control room (common). b. Electrical control room in main control room. c. The I&C system cabinets, electrical auxiliary cabinets, steam generator and turbine auxiliaries system cabinets in the electronic cubicle room (separate).
66
d. Shift charge Engineer's monitor with key board and printers in Shift Charge Engineer's room (common). e. Maintenance Engineer's monitor with key board in MEE room and printers of I&C, steam generator and turbine system in auxiliary electronics room (common).
Uninterrupted Power Supply System (UPS) in UPS room (separate). FEATURES OF I&C SYSTEM
Sequence of Events Recording System

13.
Sequence of events recording system (SER) with adequate capacity will be provided as an integral part of DCS to log trips, cause of trips and other important faults to diagnose the cause of plant trip with a resolution of one millisecond. This will also include switchyard inputs The system will be provided with a dedicated printer located in the main control room.
Annunciation System
14.
A Stand-alone microprocessor based annunciation system (AS) will be provided with ISA sequence ring back feature. The system has the features of standard ISA sequences. A limited number of annunciation windows of important alarms are proposed to be provided in the unit control desk. Alarm prioritisation is also envisaged. A set of annunciation push buttons will be provided in the unit control desk.
Analytical Instruments
15.
Adequate number of analytical instruments will be provided for continuous monitoring of de-mineralised water, condensate, feed water and steam. The analysis will include pH, conductivity, dissolved oxygen, hydrazine and silica measurements.
16.
For remote located instruments like transmitters, tubes and fittings of appropriate material and rating will be used. Open type transmitter racks will be provided to group and mount all pressure, flow and level transmitters. Temperature transmitters
67
will be head mounted. Junction boxes will be provided for termination of all field switches like pressure, temperature and level.
PROJECT EXECUTION PLANS
PROJECT SCHDULE
1. VGEPL would obtain major clearances for the project so as to invite competitive bid from the equipment supplier for setting-up the proposed power plant at identified site. 2. The project schedule, identifying the timeline for setting-up the proposed power plant from the order placement of main equipment. The schedule has been prepared on the following basis: a) Zero date for the project program has been considered as the date of placement of order for Main Plant Equipment. b) It has been assumed that the clearances by different agencies of the government would be obtained prior to placement of order
3. Based on implementation of this project on multi-package basis and expected deliveries of
main plant and equipment, 4 months period from zero date to commercial operation date (COD) has been considered for the 1 MW unit
4. The main plant equipment contractor would be selected from amongst internationally reputed contractors through international competitive bidding. The contractor would be responsible for detailed engineering, procurement, supervision of construction, testing, commissioning up to satisfactory performance test and handing over. Project management services would be handled by the experienced personnel of project developer or outsourced to an engineering and project management services company.
TRANSPORTATION / HANDLING OF EQUIPMENT 5. The site is accessible by National Highway 16 connecting Hyderabad to Kagaz Nagar All heavy equipment would be brought either by Road up to Plant site. In case of imported equipment, these would be brought by ship to Visakhapatnam Port, unloaded and transported by rail/ road to the power plant site. 68
PLANT OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE 5. The proposed organisation structure for operation and maintenance (O & M) of the (1 MW) power station is presented in Exhibit - 11. In order to ensure adequate technical competence in operation and maintenance of the power station, it is advisable to award O&M Contract with suitable terms and conditions to a reputed professional organisation. However, VGEPL will recruit suitable managers for managing the O&M and other Contracts. PRELIMINARY AND OTHER WORKS 6. To ensure timely project execution, within the cost envisaged, a great deal of preparatory work would have to be done before the date of financial closure. However, apart from obtaining necessary approvals and clearances, some of the important siterelated works such as site enabling works viz. temporary site office, storage sheds, construction water and power supply would be taken up and completed early.
PROJECT COST ESTIMATES AND FINANCIAL ASPECTS
Basis of Project Cost Estimate
1. For arriving at the total project cost, multiple equipment/ system packages are considered. The total project cost estimate includes the cost of land, equipment/ systems cost of steam turbine generator and auxiliaries, steam generator and auxiliaries, coal/ ash handling systems, water systems, control and instrumentation system, electrical system and Balance of Plant required for the power plant, overheads and pre-operative expenses, interest during construction and financing costs. Cost of Land 2. The cost of land has been considered as Rs 50 Lakhs for 5.2 acres of land which is privately held by the promoter director 3. Other inputs/ assumptions considered for cost estimation: 69
i. ii. iii. iv. v. vi. vii.
Debt Equity ratio Annual Generated units at site Interest rate for project Loan Rate of return on equity Financing Charges Working capital interest rate Depreciation
: : : : : : :
70:30 1.8 Million units 13% p.a on loan amount 20% As per CERC 0.5 % of loan amount 13% 5.28% for 12 years balance Balance value for remaining 13 years with salvage of 10% (AS Per CERC)
viii.
Operation and Maintenance
: O&M Charges have been Computed for Rs 11 Lakhs/ MW/Year based on CERC norms for the year 20132014 further escalation at 5.7% per annum has been considered for the subsequent year of operation
ix. x. xi.
Plant Load factor Project Completion Period Auxiliary power consumption ESTIMATION OF TARIFF
: : :
19 % As per CERC 4 months 3 % As per CERC
4. Through 3rd Party Long Term PPA with selling price of energy of Rs 8.50 per unit is agreed along with REC Mechanism that which works out to be Rs 12.50/Unit Fixed Charges 5. The items of cost forming a part of the fixed charge components are:
a) b)
Interest on term loan Return on equity 70
c) d) e)
Interest on working capital Depreciation Operation and Maintenance charges
APPENDIX III 1 MW SOLAR PV POWER PLANT PROJECT COST ESTIMATES Total Project Cost S.No Parameter 1 Land & Site development 2 3 4 5 6 7 Civil and general works PV modules Module Structures Inverters, Power Conditioning units Cables and Transformers Prelim & preop Exp Total INR (Lakhs) 90.00 70.00 500.00 100.00 170.00 75.00 30.00 1,035.00
71
APPENDIX IV BASIS OF COST GENERATION 1 MW SOLAR PV POWER PLANT S.NO PARTICULARS No of Units Installed Capacity Plant Load Factor Net Generated units/Annum Auxiliary Power Consumption Total Project Cost without IDC Debt: Equity Ratio Debt Amount Rupee Term Loan (RTL) No kW % Kwh % INR Crores % INR Crores INR Crores UNITS VALUE 1 1000 20% 1752000 3 10.35 70 : 30 7.50 7.50 70% of project Cost 100% of Total Debt Including 6 months Moratorium Period REMARKS
1 2 3 4 9 10 11 12
As per CERC
13
RTL Payment Period
years 72
10
14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 24
Equity Domestic Long Term Interest Rate Return on Equity WC Borrowings Interest rate of WC Borrowings Annual O&M Cost O&M Cost Escalation Depreciation Rate (10% Salvage) Cost per MW
INR Crores % % INR Crore % Lakhs/MW/Year Factor % INR Crores
3.00 12.5 20 0.60 13 11 1.0572 5.28 10.35
30% of project Cost
As per CERC
As per CERC for the year 2013-14 As per CERC As per CERC
73
APPENDIX VI 1 MW SOLAR PV BASED POWER PLANT COST OF GENERSTION FOR 15 YEARS
Sr No 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.5
PARTICULARS GENERATION Plant installed capacity Annual plant load factor (PLF) Annual gross generation Units sent out
UNITS
YEARS OF OPERATION 1 2 3 1000 20 1.752 1.752 1000 20 1.752 1.752 1000 20 1.752 1.752
4 1000 20 1.752 1.752
5 1000 20 1.752 1.752
6 1000 20 1.752 1.752
7 1000 20 1.752 1.752
8 1000 20 1.752 1.752
9 1000 20 1.752 1.752
10 1000 20 1.752 1.752
11 1000 20 1.752 1.752
12 1000 20 1.752 1.752
13 1000 20 1.752 1.752
14 1000 20 1.752 1.752
15 1000 20 1.752 1.752
Kw MkWh MkWh
2.0 Tariff Components (Fixed Cost) 2.1 O& M Expences 2.2 Depreciations 2.3 Interest on Term Loan 2.4 Interest on Working Capital 2.5 Return on Equity 2.6 Total Fixed Coct 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 per Unit Tariff Components PU O & M Expences PU Depreciation PU Interest on Term Loan PU Interest on Working Capital PU Return on Equity PU Tariff Component Rs in lakhs 11.00 Rs in lakhs 0.00 Rs in lakhs 86.07 Rs in lakhs 2.50 Rs in lakhs 0.00 Rs in lakhs 99.57 11.63 0.00 77.46 2.56 0.00 91.65 12.29 0.00 69 2.63 0.00 83.77 13.00 0.00 60.24 13.74 0.00 51.63 14.53 0.00 43 15.36 0.00 34.41 16.24 0.00 25.80 17.17 0.00 17 18.15 0.00 8.58 3.12 60.00 89.85 19.19 0.00 0.00 3.20 60.00 82.39 20.28 0.00 0.00 3.28 60.00 83.56 21.44 0.00 0.00 3.36 60.00 84.80 22.67 0.00 0.00 3.45 60.00 86.12 23.97 0.00 0.00 3.53 60.00 87.50
2.69 2.76 2.83 60.00 60.00 60.00 135.93 128.13 120.38
2.90 2.97 3.05 60.00 60.00 60.00 112.67 105.01 97.40
Rs /kWh Rs /kWh Rs /kWh Rs /kWh Rs /kWh Rs /kWh
0.63 0.00 4.91 0.14 0.00 5.68
0.66 0.00 4.42 0.15 0.00 5.23
0.70 0.00 3.93 0.15 0.00 4.78
0.74 0.00 3.44 0.15 3.42 7.76
0.78 0.00 2.95 0.16 3.42 7.31
0.83 0.00 2.46 0.16 3.42 6.87
0.88 0.00 1.96 0.17 3.42 6.43
0.93 0.00 1.47 0.17 3.42 5.99
0.98 0.00 0.98 0.17 3.42 5.56
1.04 0.00 0.49 0.18 3.42 5.13
1.10 0.00 0.00 0.18 3.42 4.70
1.16 0.00 0.00 0.19 3.42 4.77
1.22 0.00 0.00 0.19 3.42 4.84
1.29 0.00 0.00 0.20 3.42 4.92
1.37 0.00 0.00 0.20 3.42 4.99
Note - 1 PAYBACK PERIOD SL.NO. 1 2 3 4 5 6 ITEM Total EPC Cost IDC, Financing & other Charges Total Project Cost Return on Equity per Annum Depreciation per Annum Payback Period (Refer Note 1) in Years VALUE (Rscrores) 10.35 0 10.50 60.00 58.30 8
Payback = (Total Project Cost / (RoE + Depreciation))
74
FINANCIALS
SAI ADITHYA GREEN ENERGY PVT LTD OPERATING STATEMENT(` in lakhs) Year 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
1.Gross sales
Sale Rate Rs 7.2 per kWhrs + 9.3 Per KWH from REC Net Saleable energy in M Kwhrs Sales
295.48
17.8 1.66 295.48
295.48
17.8 1.66 295.48
295.48
17.8 1.66 295.48
295.48
17.8 1.66 295.48
295.48
17.8 1.66 295.48
295.48
17.8 1.66 295.48
295.48
17.8 1.66 295.48
295.48
17.8 1.66 295.48
295.48
17.8 1.66 295.48
295.48
17.8 1.66 295.48
295.48
17.8 1.66 295.48
295.48
17.8 1.66 295.48
2. Cost of Sales
a.O & M Expenditure (Refer Annexure) g.Depreciation 11.00 0.00 11.63 0.00 12.29 0.00 13.00 0.00 13.74 0.00 14.53 0.00 15.36 0.00 16.24 0.00 17.17 0.00 18.15 0.00 19.19 0.00 20.28 0.00
SUB Total -Cost of Sales

INT--TL INT-CC INT--Others
11.00
86.07 7.92
11.63
76.97 8.02
12.29
67.87 8.11
13.00
58.77 8.22
13.74
49.67 8.33
14.53
40.57 8.44
15.36
31.47 8.56
16.24
22.37 8.69
17.17
13.27 8.83
18.15
4.17 8.97
19.19
0.00 9.13
20.28
0.00 9.29
INT-----------------TOTAL 3.Operating Profit/PBT

8.Provision for Tax/MAT
93.99 190.49
12.24
84.99 198.86
18.56
75.98 207.20
24.19
66.99 215.49
29.25
58.00 223.74
33.81
49.01 231.94
37.95
40.04 240.09
41.73
31.06 248.18
45.20
22.10 256.21
48.41
13.15 264.19
51.38
9.13 267.17
81.78
9.29 265.91
136.38
4. P A T
Less:Transfer to reserves(A) 10% Less: Transfer to Redemption Reserve Balance PAT Reserves(B) Total Reserves PAT / NET SALES (%) PBT / NET SALES (%)
178.25
17.82 0.00 160.42 160.42 178.25 60.32% 64.47%
180.31
18.03 0.00 162.28 162.28 358.55 61.02% 67.30%
183.01
18.30 0.00 164.71 164.71 541.56 61.94% 70.12%
186.25
18.62 0.00 167.62 167.62 727.81 63.03% 72.93%
189.93
18.99 0.00 170.94 170.94 917.74 64.28% 75.72%
193.99
19.40 0.00 174.59 174.59 1111.73 65.65% 78.50%
198.36
19.84 0.00 178.52 178.52 1310.08 67.13% 81.25%
202.98
20.30 0.00 182.68 182.68 1513.06 68.69% 83.99%
207.81
20.78 0.00 187.03 187.03 1720.87 70.33% 86.71%
212.81
21.28 0.00 191.52 191.52 1933.68 72.02% 89.41%
185.39
18.54 0.00 166.85 166.85 2119.07 62.74% 90.42%
129.53
12.95 0.00 116.58 116.58 2248.60 43.84% 89.99%
LIABILITIES 1. Short Term Bank Borrowings 2.Installment of TL Due /deposits(12 Mnths) Term Loan installment due within one year
Year1 Year2 Year3 Year4 Year5 61.90 62.62 63.39 64.19 70.00 70.00 70.00 70.00
Year6 65.05 70.00 65.95 70.00
Year7 66.91 70.00
Year8 67.92 70.00
Year9 68.99 70.00
Year10 70.12 70.00
Year11 71.31 70.00
Year12 72.57 70.00
TOTAL OCL 3. T Ls (maturity above 1 year) 4. Total Term Liabilities
70.00 630.00 700.00
70.00 560.00 630.00
70.00 490.00 560.00
70.00 420.00 490.00
70.00 350.00 420.00
70.00 280.00 350.00
70.00 210.00 280.00
70.00 140.00 210.00
70.00 70.00 140.00
70.00 0.00 70.00
70.00 0.00 70.00
70.00 0.00 70.00
5.Total Outside Liabilities

NETWORTH 6.Equity Share Capital 7 .Preference share capital 8. Capital Subsidy 9. Reserves/P& L account 10. Others (Share Premium) 11.Net Worth
761.90
300.00 0.00 0.00 178.25 478.25
692.62
300.00 0.00 0.00 358.55 658.55
623.39
300.00 0.00 0.00 541.56 841.56
554.19
300.00 0.00 0.00 727.81 1027.81
485.05
300.00 0.00 0.00 917.74 1217.74
415.95
300.00 0.00 0.00 1111.73 1411.73
346.91
300.00 0.00 0.00 1310.08 1610.08
277.92
300.00 0.00 0.00 1513.06 1813.06
208.99
300.00 0.00 0.00 1720.87 2020.87
140.12
300.00 0.00 0.00 1933.68 2233.68
141.31
300.00 0.00 0.00 2119.07 2419.07
142.57
300.00 0.00 0.00 2248.60 2548.60
12.Total Liabilities
ASSETS 13.Total Current Assets 14.Gross Block 15.Depreciation 16.Net Block
1240.14
1351.18
1464.95
1582.00
1702.79
1827.68
1956.99
2090.98
2229.86
2373.79
2560.38
2691.17
Year1 Year2 Year3 Year4 Year5 Year6 Year7 Year8 Year9 Year10 Year11 Year12 351.24 462.28 576.05 693.10 813.89 938.78 1068.09 1202.08 1340.96 1484.89 1671.48 1802.27 1000.00 1000.00 1000.00 1000.00 1000.00 1000.00 1000.00 1000.00 1000.00 1000.00 1000.00 1000.00 111.10 111.10 111.10 111.10 111.10 111.10 111.10 111.10 111.10 111.10 111.10 111.10 888.90 888.90 888.90 888.90 888.90 888.90 888.90 888.90 888.90 888.90 888.90 888.90
17.
Total Assets
1240.14
1351.18
1464.95
1582.00
1702.79
1827.68
1956.99
2090.98
2229.86
2373.79
2560.38
2691.17
Profit and Loss Projections( ` in lakhs) Years Income Sale Rate Rs 8.5 per kWhrs Net Saleable energy in M Kwhrs Sales REC 9.3 1.66
10
11
12
17.8 1.66 295.48
17.8 1.66 295.48
17.8 1.66 295.48
17.8 1.66 295.48
17.8 1.66 295.48
17.8 1.66 295.48
17.8 1.66 295.48
17.8 1.66 295.48
17.8 1.66 295.48
17.8 1.66 295.48
17.8 1.66 295.48
17.8 1.66 295.48
Total Income Expenditure O&M Expenditure Interest on Working Capital Loan Total Operating Expenditure Gross Profit Depreciation Profit Before Interest and tax Interest on term loans Profit before Tax Income Tax- MAT at 18%+10%SC+3%Ec Profit After Tax Less:Dividend on Equity Balance PAT/ transfer to reserve TOTAL RESERVES 5.83%
295.48 24.62 11.00 7.92 18.92 276.56 0.00 276.56 86.07 190.49 12.24 178.25 0.00 178.25 178.25
295.48 67.30 11.63 8.02 19.64 275.84 0.00 275.84 76.97 198.86 18.56 180.31 0.00 180.31 180.31
295.48 70.12 12.29 8.11 20.41 275.07 0.00 275.07 67.87 207.20 24.19 183.01 60.00 123.01 183.01
295.48 72.93 13.00 8.22 21.21 274.27 0.00 274.27 58.77 215.49 29.25 186.25 60.00 126.25 186.25
295.48 75.72 13.74 8.33 22.07 273.41 0.00 273.41 49.67 223.74 33.81 189.93 60.00 129.93 189.93
295.48 78.50 14.53 8.44 22.97 272.51 0.00 272.51 40.57 231.94 37.95 193.99 60.00 133.99 193.99
295.48 81.25 15.36 8.56 23.92 271.56 0.00 271.56 31.47 240.09 41.73 198.36 60.00 138.36 198.36
295.48 83.99 16.24 8.69 24.93 270.55 0.00 270.55 22.37 248.18 45.20 202.98 60.00 142.98 202.98
295.48 86.71 17.17 8.83 26.00 269.48 0.00 269.48 13.27 256.21 48.41 207.81 60.00 147.81 207.81
295.48 89.41 18.15 8.97 27.12 268.36 0.00 268.36 4.17 264.19 51.38 212.81 60.00 152.81 212.81
295.48 90.42 19.19 9.13 28.31 267.17 0.00 267.17 0.00 267.17 81.78 185.39 60.00 125.39 185.39
295.48 89.99 20.28 9.29 29.57 265.91 0.00 265.91 0.00 265.91 136.38 129.53 60.00 69.53 129.53
20%
75
A 1
Computation of Depreciation as per Income Tax Act: Year 1 Plant & Machinery 900.00 15% WDV --- > Depr ---> 900.00 135.00 135.00
2
765.00 114.75 114.75
3
650.25 97.54 97.54
4
552.71 82.91 82.91
5
469.81 70.47 70.47
6
399.33 59.90 59.90
7
339.43 50.92 50.92
8
288.52 43.28 43.28
9
245.24 36.79 36.79
10
208.46 31.27 31.27
11
177.19 26.58 26.58
12
150.61 22.59 22.59
B 1 2 3
Calculation of Income Tax: Net Profit Before Tax Add: Depreciation as per books Less: Depreciation (I.T Act) as above Total Taxable Income MAT 22.06% Less:100% Deduction u/s 80IA from 6th year Income Tax on above = INCOME TAX ON DIVIDEND Total Tax Payable
1
190.49 0.00 135.00 55.49 12.24 0.00 0.00
2
198.86 0.00 114.75 84.11 18.56 0.00 0.00
3
207.20 0.00 97.54 109.66 24.19 0.00 0.00
4
215.49 0.00 82.91 132.59 29.25 132.59 0.00
5
223.74 0.00 70.47 153.27 33.81 153.27 0.00
6
231.94 0.00 59.90 172.04 37.95 172.04 0.00
7
240.09 0.00 50.92 189.17 41.73 189.17 0.00
8
248.18 0.00 43.28 204.90 45.20 204.90 0.00
9
256.21 0.00 36.79 219.43 48.41 219.43 0.00
10
264.19 0.00 31.27 232.92 51.38 232.92 0.00
11
267.17 0.00 26.58 240.59 0.00 240.59 81.78
12
265.91 0.00 22.59 243.32 53.68 243.32 82.70
4 5 C D
12.24
18.56
24.19
29.25
33.81
37.95
41.73
45.20
48.41
51.38
81.78
136.38
Details of Computation of DSCR Year from Project Commissioning Cover Net Profit after Tax Depreciation Interest on Term Loans Total Cover Service Repayment of term loans Interest on term loans Total Service DSCR DSCR Ratio Avg DSCR Repayment Schedule Interest Rate 13.00% Year1 Year2 Year3 Principal Interest Principal Interest Principal Interest Outstanding as at year beginning April May June July August September October November December January February March Total Interest during the year Total Principal repayment during the year 700.00 5.83 5.83 5.83 5.83 5.83 5.83 5.83 5.83 5.83 5.83 5.83 5.83 630.00 5.83 5.83 5.83 5.83 5.83 5.83 5.83 5.83 5.83 5.83 5.83 5.83 560.00 5.83 5.83 5.83 5.83 5.83 5.83 5.83 5.83 5.83 5.83 5.83 5.83 Year4 Principal Interest 490.00 5.83 5.83 5.83 5.83 5.83 5.83 5.83 5.83 5.83 5.83 5.83 5.83 Year5 Year6 Principal Interest Principal Interest 420.00 5.83 5.83 5.83 5.83 5.83 5.83 5.83 5.83 5.83 5.83 5.83 5.83 350.00 5.83 5.83 5.83 5.83 5.83 5.83 5.83 5.83 5.83 5.83 5.83 5.83 Year7 Principal Interest 280.00 5.83 5.83 5.83 5.83 5.83 5.83 5.83 5.83 5.83 5.83 5.83 5.83 Year8 Principal Interest 210.00 5.83 5.83 5.83 5.83 5.83 5.83 5.83 5.83 5.83 5.83 5.83 5.83 Year9 Principal Interest 140.00 5.83 5.83 5.83 5.83 5.83 5.83 5.83 5.83 5.83 5.83 5.83 5.83 Year10 Principal Interest 70.00 5.83 5.83 5.83 5.83 5.83 5.83 5.83 5.83 5.83 5.83 5.83 5.83 Year1 Year2 Year3 Year4 Year5 Year6 Year7 Year8 Year9 Year10
178.25 0.00 86.07 264.32
180.31 0.00 76.97 257.28
183.01 0.00 67.87 250.88
186.25 0.00 58.77 245.02
189.93 0.00 49.67 239.60
193.99 0.00 40.57 234.56
198.36 0.00 31.47 229.83
202.98 0.00 22.37 225.35
207.81 0.00 13.27 221.08
212.81 0.00 4.17 216.98
70.00 86.07 156.07 108.25 1.69
70.00 76.97 146.97 110.31 1.75
70.00 67.87 137.87 113.01 1.82
70.00 58.77 128.77 116.25 1.90
70.00 49.67 119.67 119.93 2.00
70.00 40.57 110.57 123.99 2.12
70.00 31.47 101.47 128.36 2.26
70.00 22.37 92.37 132.98 2.44
70.00 13.27 83.27 137.81 2.65
70.00 4.17 74.17 142.81 2.93
2.16
7.52 7.46 7.39 7.33 7.27 7.20 7.14 7.08 7.01 6.95 6.89 6.83 86.07
6.76 6.70 6.64 6.57 6.51 6.45 6.38 6.32 6.26 6.19 6.13 6.07 76.97
6.00 5.94 5.88 5.81 5.75 5.69 5.62 5.56 5.50 5.43 5.37 5.31 67.87
5.25 5.18 5.12 5.06 4.99 4.93 4.87 4.80 4.74 4.68 4.61 4.55 58.77
4.49 4.42 4.36 4.30 4.23 4.17 4.11 4.04 3.98 3.92 3.85 3.79 49.67
3.73 3.67 3.60 3.54 3.48 3.41 3.35 3.29 3.22 3.16 3.10 3.03 40.57
2.97 2.91 2.84 2.78 2.72 2.65 2.59 2.53 2.46 2.40 2.34 2.28 31.47
2.21 2.15 2.09 2.02 1.96 1.90 1.83 1.77 1.71 1.64 1.58 1.52 22.37
1.45 1.39 1.33 1.26 1.20 1.14 1.07 1.01 0.95 0.88 0.82 0.76 13.27
0.70 0.63 0.57 0.51 0.44 0.38 0.32 0.25 0.19 0.13 0.06 0.00 4.17
70.00
70.00
70.00
70.00
70.00
70.00
70.00
70.00
70.00
70.00
76

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VIJAYASRI GREEN ENERGY PRIVATE LIMITED 1 MW SOLAR PV BASED POWER PLANT DETAILED PROJECT REPORT

AT KYASAMPALLI VILLAGE, KAMAREDDY MANDAL, NIZAMABAD DISTRICT, ANDHRA PRADESH

I-MECH TECHNOLOGIES PVT LTD HYDERABAD, A.P. INDIA JAN,2013

I-MECH TECHNOLOGIES PVT LTD

I-MECH TECHNOLOGIES PVT LTD

I-MECH TECHNOLOGIES PVT LTD

PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION .......................................................................................... 42 PROPOSED ORGANIZATION CHART ............................................................................. 43

I-MECH TECHNOLOGIES PVT LTD

I-MECH TECHNOLOGIES PVT LTD

I-MECH TECHNOLOGIES PVT LTD

need for installation of proposed project.

of the major equipment / systems proposed.

I-MECH TECHNOLOGIES PVT LTD

interconnected modules form solar systems with an output voltage of 230 V.

I-MECH TECHNOLOGIES PVT LTD

96,685 -13,124 -12% 7,74,324 6,89,021 -85,303 -11%

1,04,009 15,157 -12.70% 8,30,594 7,46,644 -83,950 -10.10%

1,42,765 -9,981 -6.50% 9,68,659 9,48,836 -19,823 -2%

I-MECH TECHNOLOGIES PVT LTD

I-MECH TECHNOLOGIES PVT LTD

-801 -6.30% 78,970 76,450 -2,520 -3.20%

-2,580 -18.50% 88,335 77,608 -10,727 -12.10%

I-MECH TECHNOLOGIES PVT LTD

Climate data location 18.301 78.379 390 17.57 37.04 17 0

I-MECH TECHNOLOGIES PVT LTD

27.2 Measured at (m)

Source: NASA Web Site Data

I-MECH TECHNOLOGIES PVT LTD

74.61% 24.85% 60% 5.2 Km/hr 663 mm

I-MECH TECHNOLOGIES PVT LTD

I-MECH TECHNOLOGIES PVT LTD

Monitoring System Evacuation Infrastructure

I-MECH TECHNOLOGIES PVT LTD

I-MECH TECHNOLOGIES PVT LTD

Figure -1: Current Voltage Curve of Solar Cell

I-MECH TECHNOLOGIES PVT LTD

Figure -2: Carrying a PV panel

I-MECH TECHNOLOGIES PVT LTD

Figure -3: Inverter

I-MECH TECHNOLOGIES PVT LTD

I-MECH TECHNOLOGIES PVT LTD

Figure -4: Top Panel view of the SEEDS Gateway

Figure -5: Back Panel view of the SEEDS Gateway

I-MECH TECHNOLOGIES PVT LTD

WEB BASED MONITORING

I-MECH TECHNOLOGIES PVT LTD

Figure -6: Client Connect Online Monitoring

CABLES AND CONNECTORS

I-MECH TECHNOLOGIES PVT LTD

Table -2: Technical Specification of Cables and Connectors

Standard Working Voltage Temperature Range Sizes

Color code Specifications Marking

I-MECH TECHNOLOGIES PVT LTD

Figure -7: Switchyard

I-MECH TECHNOLOGIES PVT LTD

I-MECH TECHNOLOGIES PVT LTD

I-MECH TECHNOLOGIES PVT LTD

The energy yield prediction involves,

I-MECH TECHNOLOGIES PVT LTD

I-MECH TECHNOLOGIES PVT LTD

I-MECH TECHNOLOGIES PVT LTD

I-MECH TECHNOLOGIES PVT LTD

I-MECH TECHNOLOGIES PVT LTD