Chapter 10 Advanced Network Architectures

Chapter Figures

Routing agent

Reservation agent

Management agent

Admission control Routing database Traffic control database

Classifier Input driver Internet forwarder

Packet scheduler

Output driver

Leon-Garcia/Widjaja

Communication Networks

Figure 10.1

Host

Router

Application

RSVP process Policy control

RSVP

Routing process

RSVP process Policy control

RSVP

Data Admission control Classifier Packet scheduler Classifier Packet scheduler Admission control

Data

Data

Leon-Garcia/Widjaja

Communication Networks

Figure 10.2

S1 Multicast distribution by Internet

R1 R2 R3

S2

Leon-Garcia/Widjaja

Communication Networks

Figure 10.3

Path S Resv Resv Resv R2 R1 Path R3 Path

Path Rx Resv

Leon-Garcia/Widjaja

Communication Networks

Figure 10.4

Path Rx1 Path S Resv Resv R2 R1 Path Path Resv Path Path Resv R4 Resv Rx3 R3 Resv Path Resv Rx2

Leon-Garcia/Widjaja

Communication Networks

Figure 10.5

S1

a Router

R1 R2 R3

S2, S3

Leon-Garcia/Widjaja

Communication Networks

Figure 10.6

Send WF( *{4B} ) (a)

Reserve

Receive WF( *{4B} )

*{4B}

(c)

WF( *{4B} ) (b)

*{3B}

(d)

WF( *{3B} ) WF( *{2B} )

Leon-Garcia/Widjaja

Communication Networks

Figure 10.7

Send FF( S1{4B} ) (a)

Reserve S1{4B} S2{5B}

Receive FF( S1{4B}, S2{5B} )

(c)

FF( S2{5B}, S3{B}) (b)

S1{3B} S3{B} (d)

FF( S1{3B}, S3{B} ) FF( S1{B} )

Leon-Garcia/Widjaja

Communication Networks

Figure 10.8

Send SE(S1{3B}) (a)

Reserve

Receive SE((S1,S2){B})

(S1,S2){B} (c)

SE((S2, S3){3B}) (b)

(S1,S2,S3) (d) {3B}

SE((S1,S3){3B}) SE(S2{2B})

Leon-Garcia/Widjaja

Communication Networks

Figure 10.9

0 Version

4 Flags

8 Msg Type Reserved

16 RSVP Checksum RSVP Length

31

Send_TTL

Leon-Garcia/Widjaja

Communication Networks

Figure 10.10

16

24

31

Length

Class-Num

C-Type

(Object contents)

Leon-Garcia/Widjaja

Communication Networks

Figure 10.11

Local DS domain H H H A A H H A A C C A A B

B = Border DS router C = Interior DS router A = Access DS router H = Host

Transit network B C

Contracted aggregate rate

Leon-Garcia/Widjaja

Communication Networks

Figure 10.12

0 DSCP

7 CU

Leon-Garcia/Widjaja

Communication Networks

Figure 10.13

Meter

Classified packets

Marker

Shaper/ dropper Conditioned packets

Leon-Garcia/Widjaja

Communication Networks

Figure 10.14

Host 1

Host 2

A B C Network 1 D E F

Network 3

Network 2

Leon-Garcia/Widjaja

Communication Networks

Figure 10.15

Host 1
Application TCP IP Data Link PHY

Host 2
Application

A
IP Data Link PHY

B C
IP AAL ATM PHY ATM PHY ATM PHY ATM PHY

F D E
IP AAL ATM PHY

G
IP Data Link PHY

TCP IP Data Link PHY

Network 1

Network 2

Network 3

Leon-Garcia/Widjaja

Communication Networks

Figure 10.16

MPS2 MPS1 Host1 MPS3 Host2 Default path Client network

Client network

ED MPC1

ED MPC2

Short-cut path

IP router

ATM switch

ED

Edge device

Leon-Garcia/Widjaja

Communication Networks

Figure 10.17

A Client IP x (a)

IP ATM PHY

D Client IP

x Server network

A Client IP y1 (b)

IP ATM PHY

D Client IP

y2

y3 Server network

y4

y5

Leon-Garcia/Widjaja

Communication Networks

Figure 10.18

Control component Routing and signaling Routing and signaling Routing tables Routing and signaling

Labeled packets

Forwarding tables Switch fabric

Forwarding component

Labeled packets

Leon-Garcia/Widjaja

Communication Networks

Figure 10.19

Ingress LSR

Ingress LSR

Ingress LSR Egress LSR

Ingress LSR Ingress LSR

MPLS domain

Ingress LSR

Leon-Garcia/Widjaja

Communication Networks

Figure 10.20

(a)

ATM cell
VPI/VCI

(b)
Layer 2 header MPLS header

PPP or LAN frame

Layer 3 header

Label
20 bits

Exp
3 bits

S TTL
1 bit 8 bits

Leon-Garcia/Widjaja

Communication Networks

Figure 10.21

Swap and Push Push

Swap

Pop and Swap Pop

IP

2 7

2 6

2 8

2 5

IP

Leon-Garcia/Widjaja

Communication Networks

Figure 10.22

A
5

3 7 6

2 8 5

6 5

3 6

F
(a)

F
(b)

Leon-Garcia/Widjaja

Communication Networks

Figure 10.23

Input cell streams

1 2 2 3 1 2 3 1

In Out 1 7 2 6
6

Output cell stream

7 9 6 7 9 6 7

3 9 Non-VC merging In Out 1 7 2 7 3 7 VC merging

7

Input cell streams

1 2 2 3 1 2 3 1

Output cell stream

7 7 7 7 7 7 7

Packet 3 Packet 2 Packet 1

Leon-Garcia/Widjaja

Communication Networks

Figure 10.24

Label request for 10.5/16

LSR 1
(10.5/16, 8)

LSR 2

Leon-Garcia/Widjaja

Communication Networks

Figure 10.25

Congestion

1 3 2

6 8

1 3 2

6 8

7
Underutilized

(a)

(b)

Leon-Garcia/Widjaja

Communication Networks

Figure 10.26

Leon-Garcia/Widjaja

Communication Networks

Figure 10.27

Leon-Garcia/Widjaja

Communication Networks

Figure 10.28

2 1 5

4 8

Working path

4 8

1 Protection path 5 6 7

6
Normal operation

Traffic carried on working path

2 1 5

4 8 1

4 8

Failure occurs and is detected

Failure on working path is detected

2 1 5

4 8 1

4 8

Alternate path is established, and traffic is re-routed

Traffic is switched to the protection path

(a)
Leon-Garcia/Widjaja Communication Networks

(b)
Figure 10.29

TDM circuit Virtual circuit A B C TDM circuit D Lightpath E F G Virtual circuit H I LSR J

TDM switch

Lambda cross-connect

Leon-Garcia/Widjaja

Communication Networks

Figure 10.30

16

31

V P X

CC

Payload Type Time Stamp

Sequence Number

SSRC Identifier CSRC Identifier

Leon-Garcia/Widjaja

Communication Networks

Figure 10.31

Leon-Garcia/Widjaja

Communication Networks

Figure 10.32

Leon-Garcia/Widjaja

Communication Networks

Figure 10.33

INVITE sip: tom@startup.com c= IN IPv4 192.168.12.5 m=audio 35092 RTP/AVP 0 (2)

(3)

INVITE sip: tom@192.168.15.17 c= IN IPv4 192.168.12.5 m=audio 35092 RTP/AVP 0

(5) ringing

(1) (7)
SIP/2.0 200 OK

(4) (6)
SIP/2.0 200 OK

(8)
ACK

(9)
Media flow

Figure 10.34

Leon-Garcia/Widjaja

Communication Networks

Figure 10.35

Gatekeeper

MCU Telephone Gateway IP network Public Telephone Network

H.323 Terminal

H.323 Terminal

Leon-Garcia/Widjaja

Communication Networks

Figure 10.36

Scope of H.323 Microphone Speakers Camera, Display Data Equipment System Control User I/F Audio Codec Video Codec Receive Path Delay

System Control H.245 Control Call Control RAS Control

H.225 Layer

LAN I/F

Leon-Garcia/Widjaja

Communication Networks

Figure 10.37

Leon-Garcia/Widjaja

Communication Networks

Figure 10.38