Supertypes and Subtypes

Imagine a business which needs to track payments from customers. Customers can pay by cash, by check or by credit card. ourth method of payment? Should we create a single PAYMENT entity or three separate entities CASH, CHECK, and CREDIT CARD.

PAYMENT CASH

CHECK

CREDIT CARD

A subtype:
inherits all attributes of the supertype inherits all relationships of the supertype usually has its own attributes or relationships ANIMAL is drawn within the supertype never exists alone VERTEBRATE may have subtypes of its own is also known as a "subentity
INVERTEBRATE

Structural business rules indicate the types of information to be stored and how the information elements interrelate. . can nearly always be diagrammed in the ERD.

procedural business rules are workflow or business process related . Some of them cannot be diagrammed, but must still be documented. Many of them are related to time: event A must happen before event B.

Structural business rules

procedural business rules Initial contact with the client from DJs on Demand must be made by the project manager. Approval for travel requests to an event must be signed by the project manager for that event.

Each shift must be supervised by a manager. All teachers at our school must possess a valid teaching certificate.

Structural Business Rule examples: All orders at a restaurant must be handled by a staff member (specifically, an order taker). There is no self-service ordering system. All teachers at our school must possess a valid teaching certificate.

CRUD Analysis
A good way to validate an ERD is to do a CRUD analysis on it. CRUD is an acronym for create, retrieve, u pdate, delete. These are the four basic operations that a database allows. Part of checking a data model for completeness and accuracy is making sure that all the CRUD functions specified by the business scenario and the business rules are represented in the ERD.

Keywords
Create
INPUT, ENTER, LOAD, IMPORT, RECORD, CREATE

Retrieve
VIEW, REPORT, BRING UP, PRINT, FIND, READ LOOK UP

Update
CHANGE, MODIFY, ALTER UPDATE.

Delete
DISCARD, REMOVE, TRASH, PURGE DELETE