EXERCCIOS

1) Aplique a regra de sinais para a diviso e d o resultado

a) -5/+9 = (R: -5/9)
b) -2/-3 = (R: 2/3)
c) +3/+4 = (R: )
d) -9/+5 = (R: -9/5)
e) +7/-5 = (R: -7/5)
f) -8/7 = (R: -8/7)
2) Escreva os nmeros racionais na forma irredutiveil:
a) 10/4 = (R: 5/2)
b) -12/48 = (R: -1/4)
c) -7/35 = (R: -1/5)
d) 18/-36 = (R: -1/2)
e) -75/50 = (R: -3/2)
f) -25/100 = (R: -1/4)
g) 11/99 = (R: 1/9)
h) -4/128 = (R: -1/32)
3) Transforme as fraes seguintes em nmeros inteiros:
a) -12/6 = (R: -2)
b) -32/8 = (R: -4)
c) 20/10 = (R: 2)
d) -17/1 = (R: -17)
e) -54/18 = (R: -3)
f) -45/15 = (R: -3)
g) 132/11 = (R: -12)
4) D o valor de:
a) (5.(-6))/2 = (R: -15)
b) ((-9) . (-8)) / 2 = (R: 36)
c) (2 . (-6) . (-3)) /(9 . (-2)) = (R: -2 )
d) (2 . 0 . 5) / 30 = (R: 0)
e) (6 . (-2) . (-3)) / -9 = (R: -4)
f) (-7 . (-8)) / -14 = (R: -4)
g) (-3 7 9) /19 = (R: -1)
h) (6 . (-4) . (-5)) /( 3 . (-8)) = (R: -5)

EXERCCIOS
1) Efetue as adies:
a) (+3/5) + (+1/2) = (R: 11/10)
b) (-2/3) + (+5/4) = (R: 7/12)

c) (-4/9) + (+2/3) = (R: 2/9)

d) (-3/7) + (+2/9) = (R: -13/63)
e) (-1/8) + (-7/8) = (R: -1)
f) (-1/3) + (-1/5) = (R: -8/15)
g) (-1/8) + (5/4) = (R: 9/8)
h) (+1/5) + ( +3/5) = (R: 4/5)
2) Efetue as adies:
a) (-2/5) + 3 = (R: 13/5)
b) (-1/6) + (+2) = (R: 11/6)
c) (-5/3) + (+1) = (R: -2/3)
d) (-4) + (-1/2) = (R: -9/2)
e) (-0,2) + (-1/5) = (R: -2/5)
f) (+0,4) + (+3/5) = (R: 1)
g) (-0,5) + (+0,7) = (R: 1/5 ou 0,2)
h) (-02) + (-1/2) = (R: -7/10)
3) Efetue as seguintes adies:
a) (+5/8) + (+1/2) + ( -2/15) = (R:119/120)
b) (+1/2) + (-1/3) + (+1/5) = (R:11/30)
c) (-1/2) + (-4/10) + (+1/5) = (R: -7/10)
d) (-3/5) + (+2) + (-1/3) = (R: 16/15)

SUBTRAO
Para encontrarmos a diferena entre dois nmeros racionais, somamos o primeiro com o
oposto do segundo
Exemplos
a) (+1/2) (+1/4) = -1/4 = 2/4 -1/4 =
b) (-4/5) (-1/2) = -4/5 + = -8/10 + 5/10 = -3/10
Exerccios
1) Efetue as subtraes:
a) (+5/7) (+2/3) = (R: 1/21)
b) (+2/3) (+1/2) = (R: 1/6)
c) (+2/3) (+4/5) = (R: -2/15)
d) (-7/8) (-3/4) = (R: -1/8)
e) (-2/5) (-1/4) = (R: -3/20)
f) (-1/2) (+5/8) = (R: -9/8)

g) (+2/3) ( (+1/5) = (R: 7/15)

h) (-2/5) ( +1/2) = (R: -9/10)
2) Efetue as subtraes:
a) (+1/2) (+5) = (R: -9/2)
b) (+5/7) (+1) = (R: -2/7)
c) 0 ( -3/7) = (R: 3/7)
d) (-4) (-1/2) = (R: -7/2)
e) (+0,3) (-1/5) = (R: )
f) (+0,7) (-1/3) = 31/30

3) Calcule
a) -1 = (R: -7/4)
b) (-3/5) + (1/2) = (R: -1/10)
c) 2 -1/4 = (R: 5/4)
d) -3 -4/5 + = (R: -33/10)
e) 7/3 + 2 -1/4 = (R: 49/12)
f) -3/2 + 1/6 + 2 -2/3 = (R: 0)
g) 1 + - 1/8 = (R:5/8)
h) 0,2 + + - = (R:6/5)
i) + (-0,3) + 1/6 = (R:11/30)
j) 1/5 + 1/25 + (-0,6) = (R: 1/10)
4) Calcule o valor de cada expresso:
a) 3/5 1 2/5 = (R: -4/5)
b) 3/5 0,2 + 1/10 = (R: )
c) -3 2 4/3 = (R: -19/3)
d) 4 1/10 + 2/5= (R: 43/10)
e) 2/3 -5 = (R: 29/6)
f) -5/12 1/12 + 2/3 = (R: 1/6)
5) Calcule o valor de cada expresses:
a) -1/3 + 2/9 4/3 = (R: -13/9)
b) -4 + - 1/6 = (R:-11/3)
c) 0,3 + - = (R: 1/20)
d) 1 + - 3/2 + 5/8 = (R: 3/8)
e) 0,1 + 3/2 + 2 = (R: 67/20)
f) + 0,2 5/2 0,5 = ( R: - 41/20)

6) Calcule o valor de cada expresso

a) 1/2 (-3/5) + 7/10 = (R: 9/5)
b) -(-1) (- 4/3) + 5/6 = (R: 19/6)
c) 2 ( - 2/3 ) + 0,1 = (R: 181/60)
d) ( -1 + ) ( -1/6 + 2/3) = (R: -1)
e) 2 [ 3/5 ( -1/2 + ) ] = (R: 23/20)
f) 3 [ -1/2 (0,1 + )] = (R: 77/20)
g) (1/3 + ) (5/6.- ) = (R: )
h) (5/2 1/3 ) (1/2 + 1) = (R: -1/12)
i) (1/4 + + 2 ) + (-1/6 + 2/3) = (R: 13/4)
j) (-0,3 + 0,5 ) ( -2 - 4/5) = (R: 3)
k) (1/6 + 2/3) (4/10 3/5) + 1/3 = (R: 41/30)
l) 0,2 + (2/3 ) ( -7/12 + 4/3) = (R: -2/15)
m) (1 ) + (2 + ) (1 - 1/3) ( 2 ) = (R: 5/6 )

MULTIPLICAO E DIVISO EM Q

MULTIPLICAO
Para multiplicarmos nmeros racionais, procedemos do seguinte modo:
1) multiplicamos os numeradores entre si.
2) multiplicamos os denominadores entre si.
3) aplicamos as regras de sinais da multiplicao em Z.

EXEMPLOS :
a) (+1/7) . (+2/5) = +2/35
b) (-4/3) . (-2/7) = +8/21
c) (+1/4) . (-3/5) = -3/20
d) (-4) . (+1/5) = -4/5

EXERCICIOS
1) Efetue as multiplicaes
a) (+1/5) . (+4/3) = (R: +4/15)
b) (+4/9) . ( -7/5) = (R: -28/45)
c) (-3/2) . ( -5/7) = (R: 15/14)
d) (-1/5) . (+1/4) = (R: -1/20)
e) (+2/3) . (-1/3) = (R: -2/9)
f) (-5/8) . (-4/3) = (R: +5/6)
g) (+4/5) . (-1/3) = (R: -4/15)
h) (-3/5) . (-7/4) = (R: +21/20)
2) Efetue as multiplicaes
a) (+3) . (-1/5) = (R: -3/5)
b) (+2) . (+4/11) = (R: +8/11)
c) (-1) . (-3/10) = (R: 3/10)
d) (-4/7) . (+5) = (R: -20/7)
e) (-2/5) . (-3) = (R: +6/5)
f) (+2/9) . 0 = (R: 0)
3) Efetue as multiplicaes
a) (-1/2) . (+2/3) . (-3/7) = (R: +1/7)
b) (-2/5) . (-3/2) . (-8/5) = (R: -24/25)
c) (-1/2) . (-1/2) . (-1/2) = (R: -1/8)
d) (-1) . (+5/3) . (+3/5) = (R: -1)
e) (+7) . (-1/7) . (+7) = (R: -7)
4) Efetue as multiplicaes:
a) (-2/3) . (+1/5) = (R: -2/15)
b) (-7/3) . (-3/7) = (R: 1)
c) (1/5) . (-7/3) = (R: -7/15)
d) (-2/9) . 5/7 = (R: -10/63)
e) (-3/4) . (-5/7) = (R: 15/28)
f) (-2) . (-1/6) = (R: 1/3)
g) 5 . (-4/7) = (R: -20/7)
h) -2 . (-1/3) = (R: 2/3)

5) Efetue as multiplicaes:
a) (1/4 . 3/5) . 2/7 = (R: 3/70)
b) (2 ) . (-2/3) = (R: -7/6)
c) (-3/4) . (+1/5) . (-1/2) = (R: 3/40)
d) 4. ( 1 7/5) = (R: -8/5)
e) (-3/5) . (-2) . (7/5) = (R: 42/25)
f) ( 1 4/5) . ( 1 ) = (R: 1/10)

DIVISO
Para Calcularmos o quociente de dois nmeros racionais relativos, em que o segundo
diferente de zero, procedemos do seguinte modo:
1) multiplicamos o dividendo pelo inverso do divisor.
2) aplicamos as regras da multiplicao de nmeros racionais.
Exemplos
a) ( -7/9 ) : (+5/2) = (-7/9) . (+2/5) = -14/45
b) (-1/4) : (-3/7) = ( -1/4) . (-7/3) = +7/12
c) (+3/5) : (-2) = (+3/5) . -1/2) = -3/10
EXERCICIOS
1) Efetue as divises:
a) (+1/3) : (+2/3) = (R: +3/6 ou + 1/2)
b) (+4/7) : ( -2/5) = (R: -20/14 ou -10/7)
c) (-3/5) : (-3/7) = (R: +21/15 ou +7/5)
d) (-3/7) : (+2/3) = (R: -9/14)
e) (+1/9) : (-7/5) = (R: -5/63)
f) (+1/2) : (-3/4) = (R: -4/6 ou -2/3)
g) (-3/4) : (-3/4) = (R: +1)
h) (-7/5) : (+1/2) = (R: -14/5)
3) Efetue as divises:

a) (+5) : (-3/2) = (R: -10/3)

b) (-4) : (-3/5) = (R: +20/3)
c) (-3) : (-2/9) = (R: +27/2)
d) (-5/2) : (+2) = (R: -5/4)
e) (+4/3) : (-2) = (R: -4/3)
f) (-3/5) : (+0,1) = (R: -6)
4) Efetue as divises:
a) 2/3 : 3/16 = (R: 32/9)
b) 2/5 : (-3/4) = (R: -8/15)
c) (-4/5) : (-3/5) = ( R: 20/15 ou 4/3)
d) (-4/9) : (-3) = (R: 4/27)
e) (-7/8) : 2/3 = (R: -21/16)
f) 0 : (-4/7) = (R: 0)

POTENCIAO E RAIZ QUADRADA EM Q

POTENCIAO
A potenciao uma multiplicao de fatores iguais
Exemplos
a) (+1/5) = (+1/5) . (+1/5) = +1/25
b) (-2/3) = (-2/3) . (-2/3) = +4/9
c) ((-1/2) = (-1/2) . (-1/2) . (-1/2) = -1/8
Observaes:
1) Todo nmero elevado a expoente zero igual a 1.
Exemplos:
a) (+5/9) = 1
b) (-3/7) = 1
2) Todo nmero elevado a expoente um igual ao prprio nmero.

a) (+3/8) = +3/8
b) (-3/4) = -3/4
EXERCICIOS
1) Calcule as potncias:
a) (+1/3) = (R: +1/9)
b) (-1/5) = (R: +1/25)
c) (+2/3) = (R: +4/9)
d) (-3/7) = (R: +9/49)
e) (+4/5) = (R: +16/25)
f) (-3/2) = (R: +9/4)
g) (-8/3) = (R: 64/9)
h) (-1/4) = (R: 1/16)
i) (-2/3) = (R: 8/27)
2) Calcule as potncias:
a) (+1/5) = (R: +1/5)
b) (-3/7) = (R: -3/7)
c) (+2/9) = (R: +1)
d) (-1/3) = (R: -1/27)
e) (+3/2) = (R: +81/16)
f) (-1/2)= (R: +1/16)
g) (-2/7) = (R: +1)
h) (-1/6) = (R: -1/6))
i) (-5/9) = (R: +1)
3) Calcule as expresses:
a) (-1/2) + 2/5 = (R: 13/20)
b) (-1/2) + 1 = (R: 7/8)
c) (2/5) - (-1/2) = (R: 57/200)
d) 2 + (-1/3) - (1/2) = (R: 29/18)
e) 1 + ( (+2/5) ( ) = (R: 23/20)

EXPOENTE NEGATIVO
Observe o exemplo:

2 : 2 =
2 / 2 =
1/ 2
Pela regra de diviso de potncias de mesma base sabemos que:
2 : 2 =
2 =
2
Ento 2 = 1/2
Concluso: Todo o nmero diferente de zero a um expoente negativo igual ao inverso
do mesmo nmero com expoente positivo.
Exemplos:
a) 5 = 1/5 = 1/25
b) 2 = 1/2= 1/8

EXERCICIOS
1) Calcule as potncias:
a) 4 = (R: 1/16)
b) 4 = ( R: 1/16)
c) 5 = (R: 1/5)
d) 3 = (R: 1/27)
e) 10 = (R: 1/100)
f) 10 = (R: 1/1000)
g) 2 = (R: 1/32)
h) 7 = (R: 1/7)
i) 1 = (R: 1)
2) Calcular as potncias
a) (-5) = (R: 1/25)
b) (-3) = (R: 1/81)
c) (-2) = (R: -1/32)

d) (-5) = (R: -1/125)

e) (-1) = (R: 1)
f) (-1) = (R: -1)

2) Calcule as potncias
a) (3/7) = (R: 49/9)
b) (2/5) = (R: 5/2)
c) (1/3) = (R: 27)
d) (-5/4) = (R: 16/25)
e) (-1/3) = (R: 9)
f) (-2/5) = (R: -125/8)

RAIZ QUADRADA
Extramos separadamente a raiz do numerador e a raiz do denominador,
Exemplos
a) 16/49 = 4/7
b) 25/9 = 5/3
Obs: Os nmeros racionais negativos no tm raiz quadrada em Q