ec9_ex56

Orthotropic plate, axial force

Page 1 of 6

Example 5.6. Axial force resistance of orthotropic plate with

open or closed stiffeners
EN-AW 6082-T6

t1 , ( t )

Material
2a

t > 5 mm

Dimensions

(highlighted)

Plate thickness

t := 14 mm

Plate width

t1 := t

fo := 260 MPa

N newton

b := 2500 mm

fu := 310 MPa

kN 1000 newton

Plate length

L := 7000 mm

E := 70000 MPa

MPa 10 Pa

Halve stiffener pitch

a := 150 mm

M1 := 1.1

Buckling class

BC := "A"

a) Open T stiffeners

t1 , t

2a

Half stiffener pitch

a = 150 mm

Half bottom flange

a 2 := 50 mm

Thickness of bottom flange

t2 := 10 mm

Stiffener depth

h := 160 mm

Half web thickness

t3 := 4.4 mm

t2

h, a3

2t3

2a2
a 3 := h

Width of web

a 3 = 160 mm

Local buckling
Internal elements

I :=

2 a
t1

[1] Tab. 6.2

:=

I :=
2

I =

2 t3

250 MPa
fo

21.429

18.182

a3

:= max( I )

1 := 11

1 = 10.786

2 := 16

2 = 15.689

3 := 22

3 = 21.573

) ) )

classi := if > 1 , if > 2 , if > 3 , 4 , 3 , 2 , 1

Outstands
[1] Tab. 6.2

O :=

a2

:= O

t2

O = 5

classi = 3

1 := 3

1 = 2.942

2 := 4.5

2 = 4.413

3 := 6

3 = 5.883

) ) )

classo := if > 1 , if > 2 , if > 3 , 4 , 3 , 2 , 1

class := max( classo , classi)

= 21.429

classo = 3
class = 3

No reduction for local buckling

T Hglund

aluMATTER

2007-08-11

ec9_ex56
6.6.2

Orthotropic plate, axial force

Overall buckling, uniform compression

Cross sectional area A := 2 t1 a + 2 t2 a 2 + 2 t3 a 3

Gravity centre

Second moment of
area

Page 2 of 6

2 t2 a 2 h + 2 t3 a 3
e :=

h
2

e = 41.259 mm

A
2

A = 6.608 10 mm

IL := 2 t2 a 2 h + 2 t3 a 3

A e

IL = 2.637 10 mm

s := 2 a

s = 300 mm

Rigidities of orthotropic plate, Table 6.11, Case No.1

Table 6.11

Table 6.11

Bx :=

E IL

:= 0.3

2 a

G :=
E t

By :=

12 1
Table 6.11

H :=

G t

H = 1.231 10
4
2
Bx
L
L

+ 2 H + By
if
<
b
2
By
b
b
L

Ncr :=

Table 6.6

Aeff := A

c :=

Bx By + H

mm

Ncr = 3.74 10 kN

Aeff = 1.101 10 mm

Aeff fo

c = 2.767

Ncr

:= if ( BC = "A" , 0.2 , 0.32)

0 := if ( BC = "A" , 0.1 , 0 )
2

= 0.2

0 = 0.1

= 4.595

c :=
+

c = 0.121

(6.93)

NcRd.a := Aeff c

Design stress

Rd.a :=

T Hglund

7 N mm

otherwise

:= 0.5 1 + ( c 0) + c
(6.50)

mm
2
7 N mm

By = 1.759 10
mm

(6.94)

2 ( 1 + )

2
Bx

(6.103)

Buckling resistance

Elastic buckling load

(6.102)

9 N mm

Bx = 6.152 10

fo

M1

for whole plate

NcRd.a

NcRd.a = 3.15 10 kN

Rd.a = 28.6 MPa

Aeff

aluMATTER

2007-08-11

ec9_ex56

Orthotropic plate, axial force

Page 3 of 6

b) Open trapezoidal cold-formed stiffeners

Thickness of top flange

t1 := 10 mm

Half stiffener pitch

a = 150 mm

Half bottom flange

a 2 := 50 mm

Thickness of bottom flange

t2 := t1

Stiffener depth

h := 160 mm

Web thickness

t3 := t1

Half width of trapezoidal

stiffener at the top

a 1 := 80 mm a 4 := a a 1

Width of web

a 3 := h

a4

Internal elements

I :=

[1] Tab. 6.2

a 3 = 160 mm
2 a2

fo

I :=

t2

250 MPa

:=

a3

t2
2a2

a 4 = 70 mm

I :=

t1

t3

Local buckling
2 a4

t1 , ( t )

2a
2a1

14
I = 10

16

a3
t3

:= max( I )

= 16

1 := 11 2 := 16 3 := 22 1 = 10.79 2 = 15.69 3 = 21.57

) ) )

class := if > 1 , if > 2 , if > 3 , 4 , 3 , 2 , 1

class = 3

No reduction for local buckling

6.6.6

Overall buckling, uniform compression

3

Cross sectional area A := 2 t1 a 4 + 2 t2 a 2 + 2 t3 a 3

Gravity centre

Second moment of
area
Developed width,
Table 6.11

2 t2 a 2 h + 2 t3 a 3
e :=

Table 6.11

By :=

A e

IL = 2.2 10 mm

H :=

2 a

G :=

E t

2 a G t

s
6

Ncr :=

12 1

mm
2
6 N mm

By = 9.423 10
mm
9 N mm

Bx = 5.134 10

2 ( 1 + )

H = 6.596 10

(Trapezoidal sheeting)

2
Bx

L

b

s = 560 mm

:= 0.3

T Hglund

E IL
2 a

Elastic buckling load

(6.103)

e = 74.286 mm

s := 2 a 4 + 2 a 3 + 2 a 2

Bx :=

(6.102)

A
2

IL := 2 t2 a 2 h + 2 t3 a 3

Rigidities of
orthotropic plate
Table 6.11

Table 6.11

A = 5.6 10 mm

+ 2 H + By

Bx By + H

L
x
if < B
b
b

y

6 N mm

mm
3

Ncr = 2.929 10 kN

otherwise

aluMATTER

2007-08-11

ec9_ex56

Orthotropic plate, axial force

Buckling resistance

Aef := A

(6.94)

c :=

Aef = 4.667 10 mm

2 a
Aef fo

0 := if ( BC = "A" , 0.1 , 0 )

= 0.2
0 = 0.1

:= 0.5 1 + ( c 0) + c
2

= 2.765

c :=

(6.50)

c = 2.035

Ncr

:= if ( BC = "A" , 0.2 , 0.32)

Table 6.6

Page 4 of 6

c = 0.216

(6.93)

NcRd.b := Aef c

Design stress

Rd.b :=

fo

NcRd.b = 2.379 10 kN

for whole plate

M1

NcRd.b

Rd.b = 51 MPa

Aef

c) Closed trapezoidal stiffeners

2a1

a4
t1 := 15 mm

Half bottom flange

a 2 := 50 mm

Thickness of bottom flange

t2 := 10 mm

Stiffener depth

h := 160 mm

Web thickness

t3 := 9 mm

Half width of trapezoidal

stiffener at the top

a 1 := 80 mm

Width of web

a 3 :=

t3

Plate thickness

a3

a := 150 mm

t2

Half stiffener pitch

t1 , ( t )

2a

( a1 a2)2 + h2

2a2

a 3 = 162.8 mm

a 4 := a a 1

= 18.1

10.667
10
I =
18.088
9.333

1 := 11

1 = 10.786

2 := 16

2 = 15.689

3 := 22

3 = 21.573

Local buckling
Internal elements

I :=
1

2 a1

I :=

t1

2 a2

I :=

t2

:=

250 newton

2
fo
mm

a3

:= max( I )
[1] Table 6.2

a 4 = 70 mm

t3

I :=
4

) ) )

classi := if > 1 , if > 2 , if > 3 , 4 , 3 , 2 , 1

2 a4
t1

classi = 3

No reduction for local buckling

Cross sectional area A := 2 t1 a + 2 t2 a 2 + 2 t3 a 3
Gravity centre

T Hglund

2 t2 a 2 h + 2 t3 a 3
e :=

A = 8.43 10 mm

h
2

e = 46.786 mm

A
aluMATTER

2007-08-11

ec9_ex56

Second moment
of area
Torsion constant

Orthotropic plate, axial force

4 h ( a 1 + a 2)

IT :=

2 a1

t1
(6.106)

IL := 2 t2 a 2 h + 2 t3 a 3

2 a2

A e

(6.107)

E t

12 1

C1 = 4.094 10 mm

B = 1.759 10 N mm

a1

a2

4 ( a 1 + a 2) a 1 a 4 1 +
2

(6.108)

t2

2 2

3
2

t3

3 a t1
B :=

IT = 3.045 10 mm

a3

C1 := 4 1 ( a 2 + a 3) a 1 a 4 h
2

IL = 3.215 10 mm

+ 2

t2

Page 5 of 6

C2 :=

a2

a1

a 2 ( 3 a 3 + 4 a 2)
3

3
a 1 a 3 t2

t1
a

C2 = 6.456

Rigidities of orthotropic plate

Table 6.11

Bx :=

(6.104)

By :=

E IL

:= 0.3

2 a

Lb :=

Bx = 7.502 10
mm

2 ( 1 + )

2 B a
2 a 1 a 3 t1 4 a 2 t3 + a 3 t2
3

2 a4 +

(6.105a)

G :=

9 N mm

b
3

a 3 t1 4 a 2 t3 + a 3 t2
3

Bx

Lb = 3641 mm

By

3
3
3
+ a1 t3 12 a 2 t3 + 4 a 3 t2

L = 7000 mm

Lb := if ( L < Lb , L , Lb)

G IT

H := 2 B +

1+

3.3 G IT a 4
2

Lb a B
Elastic buckling load
(6.102)

Ncr :=

(6.94)

Aef := A

c :=

Bx By + H

Ncr = 1.97 10 kN

otherwise

Aef = 1.405 10 mm

Aef fo

c = 1.362

Ncr

:= if ( BC = "A" , 0.2 , 0.32)

T Hglund

4 C1

+ C2
4

Lb

4
2
Bx
L
L

+ 2 H + By
if
<
b
2
By
b
b
L

b
Buckling resistance

By = 2.058 10

2
Bx

(6.103)

1 +

mm
2
9 N mm

H = 1.936 10
mm
7 N mm

2 a

(6.105)

Lb = 3641 mm

0 := if ( BC = "A" , 0.1 , 0 )

aluMATTER

= 0.2

2007-08-11

ec9_ex56

Orthotropic plate, axial force

:= 0.5 1 + ( c 0) + c
2

(6.50)

0 = 0.1

c :=
+

2
c

NcRd.c := Aef c

Design stress

Rd.c :=

= 1.553

c = 0.435

(6.93)

Page 6 of 6

fo

for whole plate

M1

NcRd.c

NcRd.c = 1.443 10 kN

Rd.c = 102.7 MPa

Aef

Comparison
3

T stiffener

NcRd.a = 3.15 10 kN

Cold formed trapezoidal plate

NcRd.b = 2.379 10 kN

Trapezoidal stiffener

NcRd.c = 1.443 10 kN

T Hglund

Rd.a = 29 MPa

Rd.b = 51 MPa

Rd.c = 103 MPa

aluMATTER

2007-08-11