3) Cancer-causing genes could have been introduced into the cells of mice, naked mole rat and humans

using different processes including microinjection, microprojectiles and liposome wrapping; microinjection includes the DNA being injected into the cell directly via a micropipette and manipulated using a micromanipulator to ensure that the cell isnt destroyed this seems to be the most successful method, even though many cells have to be injected before one takes up the DNA successfully. Microprojectiles is the process by which DNA is shot into the cell at high speeds and is usually carried on Gold/Tungsten pellets. Harmless viruses can be engineered to carry the desirable gene (in this case, the cancerous one) and is then used to infect the animal cells. Finally, liposome wrapping includes the gene being inserted into small spheres formed from a lipid bilayer, which are then able to fuse with the cell membrane and can deliver the DNA into the cytoplasm.