Lynda Thornton ENGL 1102 Spring 2013 Annotated Bibliography Carod-Artal, F. J.; Vasquez-Cabrera, C.B.

An Anthropological Study about Epilepsy in Native Tribes from Central and South America. Eliepsia 48.5 (2007): 886-893. Print. Epilepsy was very prominent in Pre-Columbian cultures, and this trend follows today. Epilepsy runs in my own family along with my Blackfoot heritage. This article discusses western treatment, as well as the Native view that epilepsy is the spirit animal manifesting and trying to escape the body and treatment. This is also a very good source because the authors use present isolated groups that can help give insight to primitive cultures of the past. I would like to touch on this as one of the things that has lasted through colonization, because so much about Native health seems to have changed, but this does not go away. Horowitz, Sala, PhD. American Indian Health. Alternative and Complementary Practices 18.1 (2012): 24-30. Print This article weighs the pros and cons of Western Medicine against traditional healing. In some ways, religious healing can benefit a person even more than medicine because believing you will get healthy shows more beneficial results compared to not thinking so. I hope to use a good bit of the information in this article because I hope to focus on healing in one section. Within this, I would like to show the differences between going to a doctor and going to a shaman to help you get better, and how faith can play a role in healing. Another issue that this author addresses is how most religions put restrictions on what you can and cant eat, and generally these restrictions are beneficial for you. I think this is a very good topic, and while I only found evidence in this article, I still hope to mention it in my paper. Larsen, Clark Spencer; et al. Food and Stable Isotopes in La Florida. Bioarchaeology of Spanish Florida. Ed. Clark Spencer Larson. Gainesville, FL: University Press of Florida, 2001. 53-81. Print. This Chapter addresses diet and nutrition before and after contact. This could be essential for my paper seeing as how I wish to give an overview of Pre-Columbian health, and how it has evolved over time. It covers one specific area in Florida and explains how what the natives were eating affected their lifespan and everyday life. When the settlers came, they brought with them a new way of life, and while it may have taken a little while to really affect the native diet, it affected their health tenfold. They contracted numerous diseases that they had never encountered before, such as small pox, and without previous knowledge of these illnesses, they were left untreated and many natives died. In addition, in present day, the native diet is much like the average lower class citizen. Many natives live on reservations and a well-balanced diet is not readily available, and the starchy and sugary diet of Americans is not very healthy. Ortiz, Alfonso. Farmers and Raiders of The Southwest The National Geographic Society: The World of the American Indian. (1993): 157-202. Print.

This particular publication focuses on healing rituals. It has beautiful demonstrations of the Mescalero dance of the Gahe which is meant to drive away evil and sickness. Ortiz also explains the drawings of the Navajo and how they sit the ill person on the intricate drawing in order to heal them. With the way that religion permeates life in native culture, the author also speaks of the way even a simple basket can be central to healing and food. Baskets are vessels that carry meaning in the way they were made, a cradle, a food vessel, and also used in divine offerings. Native healing rituals are a pivotal part of culture and I need to include them in my paper in order to explain treatment of different ailments, and with the way the spirit world seems to come up in almost all of my sources, it would be impossible to assume that anything made by a native does not carry a spiritual connotation. Ramisetty- Mikler, Suhasasini, PhD, MPH; Malembe S. Ebama, MPH. Alcohol/Drug Exposure, HIV Related Sexual Risk Among Urban American Indian and Alaska Native Youth: Evidence From a National Survey. Journal of School Health 81.11 (2011): 671-679. Print. Most people dont address one major factor of health. This would be addiction and sexually transmitted diseases. I hope to touch on this topic because Native Americans tend to be in very low income households and this plays a big role in health. Low income neighborhoods and schools dont get the same education level of others, resulting in lax sex education and drug prevention in a place where it is sorely needed. Suhasasini focuses on this topic as well as migration. With migration, people are exposed to new diseases, drugs, and food. The effect of this can be minimal to disastrous. Even present day, where it is still frowned upon to have sexual relations or share religious practices, these are both happening. In a way, the natives of this land are still being diseased and pillaged by present day Americans and it needs to be addressed. I cannot just focus on the past because it makes it that much easier to gloss over the moral problems of today. Young, T. Kue. The Health of Native Americans. New York: Oxford University Press, Inc., (1994). Print. This book is amazing for my paper! It is chock full of essential information as well as many diagrams that I can utilize. When kinship patterns are drastically changed, such as when settlers came to America, they brought with them meningitis, gastroenteritis, and a whole slew of respiratory infections. They also made a few ailments even worse from over exposure like in the extreme rise in tuberculosis in the fifty and sixties, and syphilis. In addition, obesity rose significantly during the Americanization of Native Americans, and with it came plaque of diabetes and gallbladder disease. Another issue that may be worthwhile to address is the amount of natives that are killed on motor car accidents, which is four times the rate of all other races, and even though motor cars have little to do with health, mortality is an essential part of my overall health topic. This book runs from the Early Woodland Period up to present day, and even covers dental records. This will probably be the main source of my information.