Senior Seminar Final Essay

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Ryan Moss Senior Seminar: Final Essay Professor Milner: Kinesiology Westmont College Class of 2013

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My arrival to Westmont was not an expected one. It was not planned by my own efforts, rather the part of a larger plan that I am a participating in. One of my first upper division kinesiology classes was taught my Professor Christine Milner called Foundations of Kinesiology. In this class we learned about the origin of our major, the watersheds it has taken throughout the years, and where the discipline is heading as it grows. One of the most withstanding assignments that I have been asked to complete in my time here at Westmont is a personal mission statement that took place in this course. My 19 year-old self wrote about how he wanted to be a strong and bold person who could be comfortable with who [he] is as a person and feel stable in [his] faith. This young man who was taking his first steps in his college career wanted to be a man full of integrity, honesty, laughter, and genuine happiness. He ended his mission statement by declaring to graduate knowing [he] did the best [he] could, and be content with his efforts toward a better life. It is bitter sweet to read these words that an old self once wrote to a future man, a man he did not know. We all go through phases, changes, trials and hardships; many of which change who we are. We can only hope that these changes are for the better and bring us closer to who we want to be. Many things have happened between the old mission statement and the one I am about to write for myself now. Life has been happy, exciting, intimate, lonely, brilliantly warm, and dreadfully cold; many experiences all of which add together to equal the man writing these words today. Today I have a GPA of 3.32 with an A- average in my upper division classes. I have two jobs under physical therapists where I am learning about, and becoming exposed to, the field I love every day. I have been successful. I have come to terms with who I am, which includes every Godly characteristic as well as every sinful flaw for Those who belong to Christ

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Jesus have crucified the flesh along with its selfish desires and lusts (Galatians 5:24). In light of this realization, which has been given to me by grace alone, I can be genuinely be happy and full of joy; not because of anything I have done, but because Jesus Christ has done everything. I am leaving Westmont College knowing that I did the absolute best that I could, with the memories of sleepless nights to endorse that confidence. Have a done well in my time here at Westmont? Yes, but we all have regrets and shortcomings that we carry with us. I have hurt people, lost friendships, tainted my Christian witness, mislead people, and fallen short of the glory of God. With all of this in mind I will set new goals for myself as I leave the Westmont campus and deploy a new person into the world. I, Ryan Moss, want to be a man of God. I will strive to know my creator and father, and honor Him in every action, thought, and adventure. I will be steadfast in my faith and lean not on my own understanding; for He alone is God and I am not. I will be a man of integrity who proves his faith oer and oer. I will be unyielding in my efforts to know God more until I finally get to see His face, only to realize that my predictions were human, mortal, and subpar to the reality of who our Creator truly is. I want to be a leader of my family, friends and community who constantly points all glory and praise to the One who is exclusively worthy. I want to become a physical therapist, and use my vocation as such to help the bodies of those around me. I want to use my abilities to help heal the physical vessels God has given us as temporary carriers of the soul, in hopes that He will receive all glor, honor and praise that may come about my works. Above all, I will follow God to wherever He may call me, whatever He may ask of me, and whoever He decides to shape me to be. Attending Westmont has been the most influential decision I have ever made. I arrived as a lukewarm Christian who wanted to get away from home and live by the ocean. I am an accidental product of a liberal arts education. I knew that my attendance here would require me

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to take classes unrelated to kinesiology, however I was unaware of the impact that this experience would leave on me as a student, believer, and citizen of our country. The first class that comes to mind when I think about my liberal arts education is the variety of religious courses offered by Westmont. I have taken, and passed, Christian Doctrine by Telford Work, Old Testament by Professor Nelson, and New Testament by Dr. Caryn Reeder. These classes not only educated me about where my faith stems from, the doctrines that we believe as Christians and how they separate us from other religions, and the authors of each biblical book and who they were addressing, but also solidified my faith making it real, tangible, and evident in my life. Readings from these classes such as Robert Barrons And Now I See were not only inspirational in their content, but compelling in their call for a transformation catalyzed by the spirit of Jesus. The religious classes required by Westmont are a staple in its effort to produce educated graduates of the Christian faith. Other classes like Physics of Music taught by Professor Rogers were able to teach me the principles of music in regards to its physical content. I learned about sound waves, pitch frequencies, and how we are able to produce music through electronic replication, which eventually lead to my ability to create a light system that illuminated an LED light every time the bass speaker in my vehicle beat. The LED light was glued around the circumference of the bass, which was an entertaining showpiece anytime I had guests or friends in my vehicle. I was able to create such a device through my knowledge of this class. The significance of this story may seem futile, but the class provided by Westmont allowed such a creative and intuitive thing to happen. Real life application of a liberal arts education can span from monumental influence, such as the cementation of ones faith, to small victories like my fancy self-manufactured speaker. The liberal arts experience is taxing. Often times a student can feel like what is being asked of them

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is simply busy work or irrelevant to their goals of a career choice. I myself, at times, felt these emotions during assignments. However looking back on my years at Westmont, I can see how each class has affected my outlook on life. Philosophical Perspectives, a class about logic and philosophy taught by Professor Taylor, challenged me to be able to defend my faith. He emphasized the importance of being able to protect my beliefs against the arguments of the world, and how to construct my words in a way that avoided contradiction and were sturdy in their delivery. It has been two years since I took this course, and I cannot count the times I have used these lessons in conversation with peers, strangers, and friends. Not only have these courses improved my ability to reason well, they have allowed me to grow, and come to terms with myself interpersonally. Professor Reeder has singlehandedly effected my character on a very personal level. One specific occurrence resonates in my mind when I think about character development and the direction I have taken as a Christian. Her New Testament class taught me about the post-crucifixion writings of the New Testament, the authors of the books, to whom they were addressed, and why the content of each book is important to understand in its historical context. The one-on-one conversations that we have shared together have literally changed me, my character, and my faith. I now respect the apostle Paul as one of the most authoritative authors of the bible, not that any are unqualified, because of his direct interaction with, and mission given by God. The list of Professors that have affected my spiritual growth is long, but I would like to conclude my list with Professor Paul Delaney who is my current instructor in Studies and Literature. It is amazing how a general education class can highlight important aspects of human life through the readings it requires. Professor Delaney has asked his students to read Shakespeare, short stories, poems, and autobiographical essays that not only reflect the Christian faith, but present it in a way that resonates with the struggles that each

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of us face. Poems by Emily Dickenson and C.S. Lewis have echoed my past experiences, and shared the pain and triumph that comes with mistakes and lessons. A liberal arts education is something that creates well-rounded and refined students. It gives a student the tools necessary to relate to others in every aspect, and possess the knowledge needed to be successful in any endeavor. My Westmont education has given me the base I need to be successful not only in my specific career, but in any situation, job, or season of life that I may find myself. I have been equipped with many tools of success, all of which are accessible to me if the need is ever present. Aside from my overall preparation that a liberal arts education has provided, it is undeniable that I have chosen a vocation which requires specific training in the human sciences. The department of kinesiology here at Westmont has trained me excellently in this area. I have memorized every bump, line, and curve of nearly every bone in the human body under Dr. Gregg Afman in anatomy. Dr. Afman made the tedious study of the human body not only enjoyable, but created a love and respect for Gods work and how miraculous we are as his very good creation. I have a deep understanding of human physiology that was led by Dr. Alex Moore. This man was a professor, friend, and role model to me. His faithfulness to the Lord, and trust in His will, is still something that I can only hope to develop in my own life. He taught his students how the human body works together in an extremely precise way. After his battle with crones disease came to an end, our major was left with the memory of what a great professor we had lost. His legacy will never be forgotten by the class of 2013. It is by no mistake that I was given the opportunity to study under this man, but rather an intentional gift given to me by a great planner. I am under the impression that my class schedule each semester was governed by the great planner. During the fall of 2012 I was enrolled in Special Populations taught by Professor Milner and Motor Behavior with Dr. Maury Hayashida. In Special Populations I was blessed

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with the opportunity to volunteer at an organization started by Westmont students that taught children with autism how to dance. This started as a class requirement that would be scored and applied to our overall grade, but resulted in a passion that I did not know I possessed. I soon found myself applying my knowledge of neurological development in children, taught by Dr. Hayashida, to the children I was dancing with on Saturday afternoons. I began hypothesizing which teaching strategies would be more effective, how to increase retention of the newly learned motor patterns, and avoid motor skills in the choreography that are harder for the brain to perform. I began to care deeply about the children who are affected by autism, and other mental disabilities, through our assigned readings in Special Populations. Author Robert Murphy writes in his book The Body Silent that People recoil from us (the disabled), especially when there is facial damage or body distortion. The disabled serve as constant, visible reminders to the ablebodied that the society they live in is shot through with inequity and suffering, that they live in a counterfeit paradise, that they too are vulnerable (Murphy, 1990). This is just one example of how Murphy is able to reach into the able bodied persons heart and resonate with them the isolation of the disabled as well as identify the stigma held by the general population. Murphys book ignited a passion in advocating for the disabled, as well as spark an interest in applying my future vocation to this population. It was a new idea to think of myself as being a physical therapist for the disabled, but the idea has been growing on me ever since. I came to Westmont knowing I wanted to major in kinesiology, but I am leaving this campus with the possibility of applying my major in many different ways. I have grown in numerous ways during my time at Westmont College. The biggest may be through meeting Professor Tom Walters in Biomechanics during the fall of 2012. Professor Walters has carried himself in a way that is more than respectable. He is a successful physical

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therapist, family man, disciple of Christ, and great instructor. He has made class fun, challenging, and exciting simply by being himself in front of his power points. It is through his friendship and counsel that I have an opportunity to work with him in a research laboratory that will be launching in late April 2013. He is a mentor and role model that any student would have the pleasure of getting to know. I have said several times in the last year that I want to be just like Tom when I grow up. Westmont is full of faculty who are worthy of the same entitlement. I have grown immensely during my time at Westmont, but I am nowhere close to the man God is calling me to be. There is so much knowledge about physical therapy that I have yet to possess and that will only be attained through hard work in future graduate education. I will forever be dedicated to the purification of my character and my desires. However my most significant area of growth will always be focused on making myself less so that Christ will be revealed as more. There are many areas of life that have been exceptionally developed in the last three years. The growth and development of character has been an evolving philosophy for me, as well as my ideas of social justice, and personal wellness. Originally my perspective of character was a simple attempt to be a good person. Quite frankly, I had never given much thought to the idea, moreover have a desire to improve my own character. The last three years of my life have been both enlightening and burdensome. I have been faced with situations that I would have never dreamed for myself, which has resulted in the desire to become a man of great character. My ideas of character, and of life in general, have been largely effected by the writings of C.S. Lewis. In one of his more recognized books Mere Christianity, Lewis writes about morality and virtue in a very compelling way. He writes that Every moral rule is there to prevent a breakdown, or a strain, or a friction, in the running of that machine (Lewis, 1942). The running machine is the human soul, and he is saying that moral rules and guidelines are there to ensure

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that our machines are running well. Character is based upon morals and beliefs, Christian or not. I believe that we as humans are, at the root of our being, both flawed and favored. Lewis goes on to write When you are being taught how to use a machine, the instructor keeps on saying No, dont do it like that, because, of course, there are all sorts of things that look all right and seem to you the natural way of treating the machine, but do not really work. (Lewis, 1942). I believe that the best version of human character is a version that has been dedicated to imitating the life of Jesus Christ. Christian character is the best kind of human character, because human character is flawed. The man who is dedicated to attainting the Christian character is cautioned by Lewis that If you are thinking of becoming a Christian, I warn you you are embarking on something which is going to take the whole of you, brains and all. (Lewis, 1942). Character is a continuous project that will never be quite complete in this life. I have learned that character is a process and our blueprint should be the life and words of Jesus. There are many aspects of social justice that are in dire need of reconstruction. However I will continue to reflect on my nurtured passion for people with disabilities. As a society we have, intentional or not, created a barrier between the able bodied and those with disabilities. It is evident in our speech and interactions. In The Body Silent, Murphy writes Just as the bodies of the disabled are permanently impaired, so also is their standing as members of society. The lasting indeterminacy of their state of being produces a similar lack of definition of their social roles, which are in any event superseded and obscured by submersion of their identities. Their persons are regarded as contaminated; eyes are averted and people take care not to approach wheelchairs too closely (Murphy 1990). I have made it a personal vendetta to go against the application of this injustice toward the disabled. They are people before they are people with

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disabilities. Each person deserves personal wellness, and the opportunity to be fully known whether they use legs or wheels to get from point A to point B. My concept of personal wellness has, too, been transformed from what it once was. Initially I thought that to be well, one had to be alive, breathing, happy, and healthy. That naive definition of what I considered for a well-person, in comparison to what it is now, is quite drastic. Today, I think that personal wellness is reasonably similar to good character, or is at least dependent on the latter. Health and life are, yes, the basis of being well. However there is a much deeper level of being well. I believe that the human soul is continuously either moving closer to the person of Christ, or further away. A man can either become Christ-like or simply like himself. A person who is well should be mentally and physically well, while also being spiritually and emotionally well. A man should exercise forgiveness, graciousness, selfcontrol, humbleness, and discipline as well as exercise their heart and muscles. We are called to take care of our bodies as well as take care of the body of Christ. The right direction leads not only to peace but to knowledge. When a man is getting better he understands more and more clearly the evil that is still left in him. When a man is getting worse, he understands his own badness less and less (Lewis 1942). To be personally well is to be in constant strife of becoming closer to the person of God, and to exercise the fruits of the spirit in relationships and community with others. As a physical therapist I will not only be helping people treat their bodies well, but I plan to cultivate the fruits of the spirit in conversation and relationships with patients also. As far as I can tell, I have chosen the best major here at Westmont College. Kinesiology is the scientific and systematic study of human movement. There are several sub-disciplines in this major that students are required to take courses in as well such as; biomechanics, physiology of exercise, motor learning, sport psychology, sport sociology, and pedagogy (Westmont college

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catalog, 2012). Biomechanics is the practice of studying the human body as a system of mechanics and structures. It is used in application for physical therapy and many other jobs related to the field. Physiology of exercise is the study of how the body functions and adapts to exercise, and other instances where the equilibrium of the body is compromised. Motor learning is the study of how the human brain develops and retains neurological pathways of movement. Sport psychology and sociology are both studys that relate to the area of sports, how teams and personality affect sport performance, as well as the social stigmas that effect sport performance. Lastly, pedagogy is the study of teaching movement to others, the ability to instruct another person to move their bodys, or learn a physical skill, in a precise way. Each of these subdisciplines is important to the overall study of human movement, and here at Westmont we have taken classes specific to each area. I feel more than confident in the education Westmont has provided as I move into the next step of my vocational career. It is in my last year at Westmont where my conceptions of vocation, and its differentiation from career, have grown the most. In an article written by Gorton T. Smith called Following Our Vocation in Organizations, Smith develops an idea of vocation in a three-stage style, two of which I will mention. First he says that young people frequently approach organizations as opportunities for learning and self-discovery. It is very tempting for a college graduate to look to organizations entirely as a venue for career advancement, as a way to get ahead by establishing the very best possible resume (Smith, 2004). Smith goes on to write about the middle aged view of vocation by saying that it is ideally marked by a healthy view of ourselves, including our talents, abilities, what really matters to us, and where and in what ways we might be called to steward the talent that God has given us (Smith, 2004). A vocation differs from a career simply because they are, at the root, not the same thing at all. A career is a job that

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one enjoys, however a vocation is something that a person will do, and is going to do, whether they receive pay for that vocation or not. A vocation may be completely separate from someones career, but if you are lucky enough, you may be able to find a vocational career. A hint from Jerry Sittser, author of The Will of God as a Way of Life, to whether or not you have found a vocation is that such joy will come from knowing that we are doing something that is suitable to our nature and fruitful for Gods kingdom work (Sittser, 2000). I am confident in saying that I am in transition from Smiths two stages of vocation. I am still in the process of building my resume, and trying to make connections with people who possess similar interests and ideas as myself. I also know that God has given me the desire, interest, and ability to care for the human body under the future license of a physical therapist. I have chosen to become a physical therapist for several reasons. It has become apparent to me that I am unable to ignore incorrect human movement. After studying Biomechanics under Professor Tom Walters, I can no longer look at a woman running down the street and see just that. I am forced to watch the heel strike, checking to see if the foot rolls in a slightly lateral fashion. After that I move to the knee, checking to see if there is any medial give to the loading of the knee. Thanks to the internships and job opportunities I have been blessed with, I know that if there is such a problem with the knee it is most likely due to week glutes and could be solved with some chicken wings and side lying leg raises. This is just an example of how my brain has inevitably begun to work. I cannot observe something about human movement and not be interested in it. I share the knowledge I have learned with family and friends any chance that I can, because I love what I know and I know that it can help people. I am fascinated with how the human body moves, and I will continue to be involved in human movement in any circumstance that I may be faced with.

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When thinking into the future, there are a few circumstances that I consider to be optimal for myself. First, I would like to go to graduate school and earn my DPT. This is an achievement that is attained through three years of graduate education. This is an objective that will lead to success in other areas, such as my desire to be active in the research field. After I am a licensed and working physical therapist, I would like to be able to conduct research in a laboratory as well. After graduating Westmont I have the opportunity to work in a research laboratory that will be analyzing movement with force plate testing, treadmill analysis, and electromyography. This is going to be my first applied exposure to research and analysis of skeletal muscle and I could not be more excited for the opportunity. Lastly, after my DPT and research have been attained and practiced, I would like to have the option of teaching kinesiology to other undergraduate students. This may require me to earn my MSE degree allowing me to educate future undergraduate students in the human sciences. I have always looked up to my professors who are balancing clinical therapy work, as well as teaching here at Westmont, and I would love to have the opportunity to do the same someday. It is a dream that is many years away from now, but being a physical therapist that is practicing research, as well as educating at a college level, seems to be the most ideal vocation I can imagine for myself. However, I am a follower of Christ before any of these goals, and I will follow Him into any position that I may be called to. A physical therapist is someone who is in constant communication with people. Every day they are standing next to a high-low table, with their hands on a patient, conversing about the events of that day. It is during this time that friendships are made, feelings and emotions are shared, and therapists become invested in patients and vice versa. If a therapist is a Christian, then the time between the two is even more valuable. It is through personal experience and daily devotions that I have come to learn more about how God speaks to people. He can work through

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the Holy Spirit, who is God, He can work through His word, and He can work within community. God created people to live in community, which is why the church is called the body of Christ. As a Christian first, and a therapist second, I would be able to be like Christ and radiate His joy and kindness during this conversational period with patients. Patients would be able to experience the character and joy of Jesus simply by having a therapist who has Christ inside him. I cannot help but think that a therapist who is overflowing with the joy and spirit of Jesus would contagiously pass on those traits to the patients around him, and would potentially effect the attitude of an entire clinic. One of the more debated issues related to physical therapy is the physician-gated accessibility to physical therapy. This means that if a patient feels the need for physical therapy, they must first go to a doctor, receive a prescription, and then they may begin treatment. Many therapists are advocating for a direct-access approach to therapy, and wish to eliminate the middle man between patient and therapist. A study that observed both physician-referred and self-referred cases of therapy wrote Our findings suggest that the role of the physician gatekeeper in regard to PT may be unnecessary in many cases because Concerns about patient safety, missed diagnoses, and continuity of care for individuals who self-refer may be overstated (Pendergast, Kliethermes, Freburger & Duffy, 2012). Physician gated access is enforced to prevent miss diagnoses, ensure correct treatment, and essentially limit the amount of appointments needed to fix the issue. This last point is extremely attended to by insurance companies who are paying for, in one way or another, the appointments attended to by the patient. Insurance companies are concerned with self-referred patients spending too much time in therapy which would cost them more money. The same study mentioned above also said after conducting the study In summary, our findings do not support the assertion that self-referral

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leads to overuse of care or discontinuity in care, based on a very large population of individuals in a common private health insurance plan with no requirement for PT referral or prohibition on patient self-referral (Pendergast, Kliethermes, Freburger & Duffy, 2012). On the other side of the debate, there are those who are advocating to keep the physicianreferred practice in place. Medicare is one insurance company that has a strict policy, and several requirements in place, for patients who are in need of PT. A study that analyzed the need of physical therapy on the basis of injury severity and intensity of rehab defines these requirements by stating Medicare Part B, which covers outpatient therapy, requires that the services be (1)provided by a skilled professional as defined in the Center for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) qualified provider language, (2) medically necessary (ie, deemed appropriate and effective for the patients condition), and (3) reasonable in terms of frequency and duration (Guccione, Harwood, Goldstein & Miller, 2011). This system is organized, but it restricts the input of the physical therapist. As you can see, it is the physician who prescribes therapy, determines its severity, and the amount of appointments given. Some think that this is the best way to go about prescribing physical therapy because of its organization and ability to weed out unnecessary cases. There are many opinions that concern the issue, and positives and negatives to both sides. California is one of the few remaining states who still enforce the physician-referred system, and is being debated at the present time. Physician-referred patients also ensure that money is being put back into the doctors pockets. If a patient is seeing physical therapy they must first take a visit to the doctor, who is going to charge them for the visit. Lastly, a study that looked into the demographics of the issue based on age, severity, duration, and cost of treatment concluded that The results expand the body of information available for policy makers dealing with issues related to service delivery, practice patterns, and

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reimbursement policies (Machlin, Chevan, Yu & Zodet, 2011). In conclusion, the researchers are stating that they were able to add more information to the debate as whole, but were unable to determine a final victor in regards to referrals for physical therapy. There are pros and cons to both styles of referrals. It is important for those involved in the field to educate themselves about the topic and advocate for the side that they believe to be fair. I can say with confidence that Westmont has been the best decision I have ever made. I have learned more in the last three years than I ever thought to be possible. I have grown intellectually, interpersonally, and spiritually. It was on this campus, with these students, where I developed a real and tangible relationship with God. That alone is enough to call my time here a success. I have made lifelong friends, learned the foundation of my vocation, and started to become a man of God. This final senior paper has forced me to put my feelings into words, which has reminded me of all that I have to be thankful for, and recapped the growing list of blessings that I have received. I appreciate everything that Westmont has provided me; from faculty, to courses offered, and connections made. It is surreal to leave this campus behind; time has never passed more quickly. The Westmont community is something that I will never forget and will always be a part of. I am confident, and proud to leave this school with the title of a Westmont Alum.

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References Davenport, T. E., & Sebelski, C. A. (2011). The physical therapist as a diagnostician: How do we, should we, and could we use information about pathology in our practice?. Academic Search Elite, 91(11), doi: 10.2522/ptj.2011.91.11.1694 Freburger, J. K., Carey, T. S., & Holmes, G. M. (2010). Physical therapy for chronic low back pain in north carolina: Overuse, underuse, or missuse. 91(4), doi: 10.2522/ptj.20100281 Guccione, A. A., Harwood, K. J., Goldstein, M. S., & Miller, S. C. (2011). severity-intensity as basis for an alternative medicare payment model for payment services under medicare. 91(10), doi: 10.2522/ptj.20110042 Jette , D. U., & Jewel, D. V. (2012). Use of quality indicators in physical therapist practice: An observational study. doi: 10.2522/ptj.20110101 Lewis, C. S. (1942). Mere christianity . (Revised ed. ed.). New York: Macmillan Publishing Company. Machlin, S. R., Chevan, J., Yu, W. W., & Zodet, M. W. (2011). Determinants of utilization and expenditures for episodes of ambulatory physical therapy among adults. Academic Search Elite, 91(7), doi: 10.2522/ptj.20100343 Murphy, R. F. (1990). The body silent. New York: W W. Norton & Company Inc. Pendergast, J., Kliethermes, S. A., Freburger, J. K., & Duffy, P. A. (2012). Physician-referred and self-referred episodes of outpatient physical therapy. doi: 10.1111/j.14756773.2011.01324.x

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Sittser, J. (2000). The will of god as a way of life . Grand Rapids, Michigan: Zondervan. Smith, G. T. (n.d.). Following our vocation in organizations. (2004). The Center for Christian Ethics, Westmont college catalog. (2012). Retrieved from http://www.westmont.edu/_offices/registrar/documents/catalog.pdf