The Internet and HTML

The origins of the Internet

The concept of free-associative information access is from 1945: Vannevar Bushs Memex
http://www.ps.uni-sb.de/~duchier/pub/vbush/vbush-all.shtml

The underlying technology of the World Wide Web is from 1969: ARPANET

The Internet is closer to the postal system than it is to the telephone system Google: arpanet

The Internet - Background

How many of you use the internet regularly? How many of you subscribe to an ISP? How many of you have your own personal web site? How many of you have written any HTML? How many of you have written JavaScript or Java?

Internet Terms

TCP/IP: This is the de facto standard for data transmission over the internet and utilizes packets HTTP: Hypertext Transfer Protocol is set of rules for transferring text, sound, video, graphics over the web. HTTP depends on TCP for orderly delivery of data.

Web Site types and purposes

Electronic Commerce (e-commerce): the buying and selling of goods and services over the Internet

Web page background

Web Page: a single page delivered to a web browser HTML (Hypertext Markup Language): a formatting language that is the standard for web pages Web Site: A collection of web pages Web Server (or host): a computer that holds the files for one or more web sites Home Page: The main page of a web site that is served by the host when a user hits the root directory of a web site

Web Development Life Cycle

Web Site Design and Development

Web Site Design and Development

A linear Web site structure connects Web pages in a straight line

Web Site Design and Development

A hierarchical Web site structure connects Web pages in a tree-like structure

Web Site Design and Development

A webbed Web site structure has no set organization

Web Site Design and Development

A broad Web site is one in which the home page is the main index page, and all other Web pages are linked individually to the home page

Web Site Design and Development

A deep Web site is one that has many levels of pages, requiring the user to click many times to reach a particular Web page

Web Site Testing - Usability

Usability is the measure of how well a product, such as a Web site, allows a user to accomplish his or her goals Usability testing is a method by which users of a Web site or other product are asked to perform certain tasks in an effort to measure the products ease-of-use and the users perception of the experience A key factor in usability is the number of clicks it takes to perform a certain task

Markup Languages

W3C: World Wide Web Consortium was founded in 1994 to develop and promote standards for the web. SGML: From the 1960s, was used to define the structure of a document. HTML and XML are children of SGML. HTML: Originally defined in 1989 to define the structure of a document and later the format XML: Extensible Markup Language is a set of rules for how to define any kind of data to be stored as text and shared on the web. XHTML: HTML that conforms to the rules of XML. This is the current standard for web pages. Elements (tags) vs. attributes

XHTML The standard

CSS and DHTML

CSS (Cascading Style Sheets): takes the onus of page, text, and image layout from HTML and utilizes defined styles held in .css files. DHTML (Dynamic HTML): Utilizes a combination of HTML, CSS, and a scripting language such as JavaScript to allow a web page to change without round-trips to the web server. Includes technology such as AJAX (Asynchronous JavaScript and XML)

Creating a web page

All you need to write web pages is a text editor and a knowledge of HTML This course will utilize Notepad for all HTML development. Even as my job as a web developer (actually, ESPECIALLY), I still utilize simple text editors to write HTML because of the total control offered by knowing the language.

Presentation Building a web page

Build a web page using the following tags and maintaining XHTML standards

Images

Web pages use three types of files as images

GIF (.gif): Graphics Interchange Format is saved using compression techniques that make it smaller for download on the web. The technique used for compression is patented, which means that companies making products that use the format must obtain a license. JPEG (.jpg, .jpe, .jpeg): Joint Photographic Experts Group Also compressed, but supports more colors and resolutions than gifs, so is used for detailed photographs PNG: Portable network graphics developed by w3c as a patent-free alternative to .gif.

Colors on the Web

Colors on the web are done with HEX (0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,a,b,c,d,e,f) denoting the three primary colors for the screen (Red, Green Blue). #ff0000 Red #00ff00 Green #0000ff Blue Any combination can be made

Adding images

SRC, Alt, width, height, border, etc.

Adding links

Links from text, images, etc