Data Lab 3 Drying

.We should cut data of MR that is less than 0.1000 for every temperature
.Now you can analyze follow this data

15/09/08

M(t)
Time (hr)
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
14
16
18
20

50 C
0.407
0.375
0.358
0.341
0.341
0.310
0.286
0.276
0.263
0.235
0.213
0.185
0.174
0.161
0.146
0.136
0.128
0.115
0.101
0.092
0.087

50
RH (%)
33
Me (%, d.b.) 0.08

60 C
0.407
0.350
0.307
0.276
0.253
0.230
0.207
0.195
0.178
0.136
0.108
0.087
0.078
0.072
0.065
0.062
0.061
0.055
0.049
0.045
0.043

MR
70 C
0.407
0.347
0.286
0.277
0.240
0.210
0.182
0.157
0.131
0.096
0.079
0.067
0.065
0.060
0.058
0.057
0.056
0.051
0.047
0.044
0.042

80 C
0.407
0.270
0.172
0.129
0.106
0.085
0.069
0.059
0.050
0.040
0.035
0.031
0.030
0.028
0.026
0.025
0.024
0.022
0.020
0.017
0.016

Oven Temperature, C
60
70
80
20
0.06

17.7
0.05

where, EMC= equilibrium moisture content, %, d.b.

For prediction
55 C
time
0
0.5
1
1.5
2

MC expt
0.152
0.088
0.056
0.039
0.029

85
MC expt
0.152
0.148
0.078
0.034
0.017

15
0.05

50 C
1.001
0.902
0.847
0.795
0.795
0.698
0.627
0.594
0.553
0.468
0.399
0.313
0.280
0.240
0.193
0.160
0.135

90
10
0.03

60 C
1.001
0.835
0.711
0.620
0.553
0.486
0.421
0.385
0.336
0.214
0.133

55
26
0.07

70 C
1.001
0.831
0.658
0.633
0.526
0.442
0.364
0.293
0.219
0.118

85
14
0.04

80 C
1.001
0.622
0.350
0.231
0.166
0.108

2.5
3
3.5
4

0.022
0.017
0.012
0.010

0.008
0.006
0.003
0.002

for every temperature

50 C
0.001
-0.103
-0.166
-0.229
-0.229
-0.359
-0.467
-0.520
-0.593
-0.760
-0.918
-1.162
-1.275
-1.428
-1.643
-1.832
-1.999

Simple log model

ln(MR)
60 C
70 C
0.001
0.001
-0.181
-0.186
-0.341
-0.418
-0.478
-0.458
-0.593
-0.643
-0.722
-0.817
-0.866
-1.011
-0.955
-1.228
-1.091
-1.520
-1.541
-2.139
-2.017

80 C
0.001
-0.475
-1.049
-1.466
-1.796
-2.222

ln(Time)
#NUM!
-0.693
0.000
0.405
0.693
0.916
1.099
1.253
1.386
1.609
1.792
1.946
2.079
2.197
2.303
2.398
2.485
2.639
2.773
2.890
2.996

Modified log model

ln(ln(MR))
50 C
60 C
70 C
-6.952
-7.018
-7.041
-2.270
-1.711
-1.684
-1.797
-1.074
-0.873
-1.472
-0.739
-0.782
-1.475
-0.523
-0.442
-1.024
-0.326
-0.202
-0.761
-0.144
0.011
-0.653
-0.046
0.205
-0.523
0.087
0.419
-0.274
0.433
0.760
-0.086
0.701
0.150
0.243
0.356
0.496
0.605
0.693

EMC=Me = E - F *ln((-R * (T + C)) * ln(RH))

RH =
T=
R =
C =
E =
F =

relative humidity in decimal

Temperature in C
1.987
Universal Gas Constant
35.703
0.325525
0.046015

80 C
-7.064
-0.744
0.048
0.383
0.586
0.799

Oven Temperature, C
RH (%)
Me (%, d.b.)

Imc

50

60

70

80

90

33
0.08

20
0.06

17.7
0.05

15
0.05

10
0.03

0.407
55
26
0.07

85
14
0.04

= equilibrium moisture content, %, d.b.

E - F * In(-R * (T + C)) * ln(RH)
relative humidity in decimal
Temperature in C
1.987
Universal Gas Constant
35.703
0.32553
0.04602
Time (hr)

0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
14
16
18
20

0.450

oisture content (%db)

0.400
0.350
0.300
0.250

Moisture Content (d.b.)

Oven Temperature (oC)
50 C
60 C
70 C
0.407
0.407
0.407
0.375
0.350
0.347
0.358
0.307
0.286
0.341
0.276
0.277
0.341
0.253
0.240
0.310
0.230
0.210
0.286
0.207
0.182
0.276
0.195
0.157
0.263
0.178
0.131
0.235
0.136
0.096
0.213
0.108
0.079
0.185
0.087
0.067
0.174
0.078
0.065
0.161
0.072
0.060
0.146
0.065
0.058
0.136
0.062
0.057
0.128
0.061
0.056
0.115
0.055
0.051
0.101
0.049
0.047
0.092
0.045
0.044
0.087
0.043
0.042

80 C
0.407
0.270
0.172
0.129
0.106
0.085
0.069
0.059
0.050
0.040
0.035
0.031
0.030
0.028
0.026
0.025
0.024
0.022
0.020
0.017
0.016

.We should cut data of MR that is less than 0.1000

.Now you can analyze follow this data

Moisture content (%db

0.250
0.200
0.150

60 C

0.100
70 C

0.050
80 C

0.000
0

time (hours)

For prediction
55 C
time
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4

MC expt
0.152
0.088
0.056
0.039
0.029
0.022
0.017
0.012
0.010

85
MC expt
0.152
0.148
0.078
0.034
0.017
0.008
0.006
0.003
0.002

10

12

14

f MR that is less than 0.1000 for every temperature

e follow this data

For simple log start from time 0,0

But for modified log start from (ln (ln MR), ln time 0.5 hr)
Drying at50oC
Time (hr)
MC (t)
%RH
IMC
EMC
0
0.407
33.00
0.407
0.084
0.5
0.375
33.00
0.407
0.084
1
0.358
33.00
0.407
0.084
1.5
0.341
33.00
0.407
0.084
2
0.341
33.00
0.407
0.084
2.5
0.310
33.00
0.407
0.084
3
0.286
33.00
0.407
0.084
3.5
0.276
33.00
0.407
0.084
4
0.263
33.00
0.407
0.084
5
0.235
33.00
0.407
0.084
6
0.213
33.00
0.407
0.084
7
0.185
33.00
0.407
0.084
8
0.174
33.00
0.407
0.084
9
0.161
33.00
0.407
0.084
10
0.146
33.00
0.407
0.084
11
0.136
33.00
0.407
0.084
12
0.128
33.00
0.407
0.084
14
0.115
33.00
0.407
0.084
16
0.101
33.00
0.407
0.084
18
0.092
33.00
0.407
0.084
20
0.087
33.00
0.407
0.084

intercept (0,0)

Model 1
Model 2
MR
ln MR at 50 LN (ln MR) at 50
1.001
0.001
-6.951
0.902
-0.103
-2.269
0.847
-0.166
-1.796
0.795
-0.230
-1.471
0.795
-0.229
-1.473
0.698
-0.360
-1.023
0.626
-0.468
-0.759
0.594
-0.521
-0.652
0.552
-0.594
-0.521
0.467
-0.761
-0.273
0.399
-0.919
-0.084
0.312
-1.164
0.152
0.279
-1.278
0.245
0.239
-1.431
0.359
0.193
-1.647
0.499
0.159
-1.838
0.609
0.134
-2.007
0.696
0.095
0.052
0.024
0.008

slope

-0.16734364

0.988653332

inercept

0.039739331

-1.836279127

0.500

0.000
0

ln MR

-0.500

10

12

14
ln MR 80 =

-1.000
ln MR at 60
ln MR at 70

-1.500

ln MR at 80
Linear (ln MR at

-2.000

Linear (ln MR at

-2.500

Linear (ln MR at

time (hr)

Linear (ln MR at

MODEL 1
MR= EXP ( -k t)
T (oC)
50
60
70
80

1/T (1/oC)
0.020
0.017
0.014
0.013

Drying at 50

Slope (k)
0.162
0.306
0.377
0.917

R2
0.995
0.979
0.966
0.990

Drying at 60
Computed

Computed

Time (hr) MR exp at 50

MR Model-1 MR-Model-2
at 50
at 50Time (hr)
0
1.001
1.000
1.000
0
0.5
0.902
0.922
0.923
0.5
1
0.847
0.850
0.853
1
1.5
0.795
0.784
0.788
1.5
2
0.795
0.723
0.729
2
2.5
0.698
0.667
0.674
2.5
3
0.626
0.615
0.624
3
3.5
0.594
0.567
0.577
3.5
4
0.552
0.523
0.534
4
5
0.467
0.445
0.457
5
6
0.399
0.378
0.392
6
7
0.312
0.322
0.336
7
8
0.279
0.274
0.288
8
9
0.239
0.233
0.247
9
10
0.193
0.198
0.212
10
11
0.159
0.168
0.182
11
12
0.134
0.143
0.156
12
14
0.095
0.104
0.115
14
16
0.052
0.075
0.085
16
18
0.024
0.054
0.063
18
20
0.008
0.039
0.046
20

MR exp at 60
MR Model-1 at 60
MR-Model-2 at 60
1.001
1.000
1.000
0.835
0.858
0.842
0.711
0.736
0.721
0.620
0.632
0.621
0.553
0.542
0.537
0.486
0.465
0.465
0.420
0.399
0.404
0.385
0.343
0.352
0.336
0.294
0.306
0.214
0.217
0.234
0.133
0.159
0.179
0.117
0.137
0.086
0.106
0.064
0.082
0.047
0.063
0.035
0.049
0.025
0.038
0.014
0.023
0.007
0.014
0.004
0.009
0.002
0.005

RMSE
T (oC)
50
60
70
80

Simple Log Model

k
RMSE
0.162
0.024
0.306
0.024
0.377
0.038

Modified log Mode

k
0.159
0.328
0.356

0.917

0.965

0.023

Drying at 50

Time (hr)
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
14
16
18
20

Method

MR exp-MR (MR exp-MR

model1)^2MR exp-MR model
MR exp at 50MR Model-1 atMR-Model-2
50
atmodel1
50
(MRexp-MR
2
model2)^2
1.001
1.000
1.000
0.0010
0.0000
0.0010
0.0000
0.902
0.922
0.923
-0.0205
0.0004
-0.0210
0.0004
0.847
0.850
0.853
-0.0034
0.0000
-0.0056
0.0000
0.795
0.784
0.788
0.0105
0.0001
0.0066
0.0000
0.795
0.723
0.729
0.0720
0.0052
0.0664
0.0044
0.698
0.667
0.674
0.0309
0.0010
0.0238
0.0006
0.626
0.615
0.624
0.0112
0.0001
0.0026
0.0000
0.594
0.567
0.577
0.0266
0.0007
0.0168
0.0003
0.552
0.523
0.534
0.0291
0.0008
0.0182
0.0003
0.467
0.445
0.457
0.0222
0.0005
0.0095
0.0001
0.399
0.378
0.392
0.0204
0.0004
0.0067
0.0000
0.312
0.322
0.336
-0.0096
0.0001
-0.0240
0.0006
0.279
0.274
0.288
0.0051
0.0000
-0.0095
0.0001
0.239
0.233
0.247
0.0063
0.0000
-0.0081
0.0001
0.193
0.198
0.212
-0.0054
0.0000
-0.0195
0.0004
0.159
0.168
0.182
-0.0092
0.0001
-0.0228
0.0005
0.134
0.143
0.156
-0.0087
0.0001
-0.0217
0.0005
0.095
0.104
0.115
-0.0088
0.0001
-0.0203
0.0004
0.052
0.075
0.085
-0.0232
0.0005
-0.0331
0.0011
0.024
0.054
0.063
-0.0306
0.0009
-0.0389
0.0015
0.008
0.039
0.046
-0.0315
0.0010
-0.0385
0.0015
AVERAGE
0.0006
0.0006
RMSE
0.0241
0.0247

RMSE-value
Simple log
Modified log

50
0.024
0.025

Temperature
60
70
0.024
0.038
0.022
0.031

80
0.023
0.016

prediction
at 55

EMC 55
EMC 85

0.07
0.04

for validation data 550C

Time (hr)
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4

MC exp
0.152
0.088
0.056
0.039
0.029
0.022
0.017
0.012
0.010

MR
model 1
at 55oC
MR exp
1.000
1.000
0.188
0.888
-0.218
0.789
-0.429
0.700
-0.550
0.622
-0.643
0.552
-0.708
0.490
-0.766
0.435
-0.798
0.387
AVERAGE
RMSE

MR exp-MR
model1
MR model-2 at 55oC
1.000
0.000
0.894
-0.700
0.800
-1.007
0.717
-1.129
0.642
-1.172
0.576
-1.195
0.516
-1.199
0.463
-1.201
0.416
-1.184

MC expMCmodel1
time (hr)
MC exp
MC model 1MC
at 55
Model
oC 2 at 55oC
0.000
0.152
0.152
0.152
0.000
0.500
0.088
0.143
0.144
-0.055
1.000
0.056
0.135
0.136
-0.080
1.500
0.039
0.128
0.130
-0.089
2.000
0.029
0.122
0.124
-0.093
2.500
0.022
0.117
0.118
-0.095
3.000
0.017
0.112
0.114
-0.095
3.500
0.012
0.107
0.109
-0.095
4.000
0.010
0.103
0.106
-0.094
AVERAGE
RMSE

(MR expMR
model1)^2 MR exp-MR model 2
0.000
0.000
0.491
-0.706
1.014
-1.018
1.275
-1.145
1.373
-1.192
1.428
-1.219
1.437
-1.225
1.444
-1.229
1.403
-1.213
1.096
1.047
(MC expMC
model1)^2 MC exp-MC model 2
0.0000
0.0000
0.0031
-0.0559
0.0064
-0.0806
0.0080
-0.0907
0.0086
-0.0944
0.0090
-0.0965
0.0090
-0.0970
0.0091
-0.0974
0.0088
-0.0961
0.0069
0.0829

at 85
Time (hr)
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0

MC exp
0.152
0.148
0.078
0.034
0.017
0.008
0.006
0.003
0.002

MR
model 1
MR exp-MR
at
85oC
MR exp
MR model-2 at 85oC model1
1.000
1.000
1.000
0.000
0.948
0.671
0.633
0.277
0.068
0.450
0.415
-0.382
-0.494
0.302
0.276
-0.796
-0.706
0.202
0.185
-0.908
-0.815
0.136
0.124
-0.950
-0.849
0.091
0.084
-0.940
-0.878
0.061
0.057
-0.939
-0.890
0.041
0.039
-0.931
AVERAGE
RMSE

(MR expMR
model1)^2 MR exp-MR model 2
0.000
0.000
0.077
0.315
0.146
-0.347
0.633
-0.770
0.825
-0.891
0.903
-0.939
0.884
-0.933
0.882
-0.935
0.866
-0.929
0.579
0.761

MC exp-MC
time (hr)
MC exp
MC model 1MC
at 85oC
Model 2 at 85model1
oC
0.000
0.152
0.152
0.152
0
0.500
0.148
0.116
0.112 0.032016935
1.000
0.078
0.092
0.088 -0.01341193
1.500
0.034
0.075
0.073
-0.0416705
2.000
0.017
0.064
0.063 -0.04755176
2.500
0.008
0.057
0.056 -0.04884924
3.000
0.006
0.052
0.051 -0.04667893
3.500
0.003
0.049
0.049 -0.04569602
4.000
0.002
0.047
0.047 -0.04441523
AVERAGE
RMSE

(MC expMC
model1)^2 MC exp-MC model 2
0
0
0.0010
0.0361
0.0002
-0.0097
0.0017
-0.0389
0.0023
-0.0456
0.0024
-0.0476
0.0022
-0.0459
0.0021
-0.0453
0.0020
-0.0442
0.0015
0.0392

0.180
MC model 1 = 0.331x + 0.108
R = 0.858

0.160

MC predicted

0.140

MC model 2 = 0.314x + 0.111

R = 0.856

0.120
0.100
0.080
0.060

MC model 1 at 55 oC

0.040

MC Model 2 at 55oC

0.020
0.000
0.000

Linear (MC model 1 at 55 oC)

0.050

0.100

0.150

0.200

Linear (MC Model 2 at 55oC)

MC experimented
0.160

MC model 1 = 0.559x + 0.050

R = 0.934
MC model 2= 0.551x + 0.049
R = 0.919

0.140
MC predicted

0.120
0.100
0.080
0.060

MC model 1 at 85oC

0.040
MC Model 2 at 85 oC

0.020
0.000
0.000

Linear (MC model 1 at 85oC)

0.050

0.100
MC experimented

0.150

0.200
Linear (MC Model 2 at 85 oC)

Model 2
ln time
#NUM!
-0.693
0.000
0.405
0.693
0.916
1.099
1.253
1.386
1.609
1.792
1.946
2.079
2.197
2.303
2.398
2.485

Drying at 60oC
Time (hr)
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
14
16
18
20

MC (t)
0.407
0.350
0.307
0.276
0.253
0.230
0.207
0.195
0.178
0.136
0.108
0.087
0.078
0.072
0.065
0.062
0.061
0.055
0.049
0.045
0.043

%RH
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20

IMC
0.407
0.407
0.407
0.407
0.407
0.407
0.407
0.407
0.407
0.407
0.407
0.407
0.407
0.407
0.407
0.407
0.407
0.407
0.407
0.407
0.407

EMC
0.062
0.062
0.062
0.062
0.062
0.062
0.062
0.062
0.062
0.062
0.062
0.062
0.062
0.062
0.062
0.062
0.062
0.062
0.062
0.062
0.062

Model 1
Model 2
MR
ln MR at LN
60 (ln MR) at 60
1.001
0.001
-7.018
0.835
-0.181
-1.711
0.711
-0.342
-1.074
0.620
-0.478
-0.738
0.553
-0.593
-0.522
0.486
-0.723
-0.325
0.420
-0.867
-0.143
0.385
-0.956
-0.045
0.336
-1.092
0.088
0.214
-1.543
0.434
0.133
-2.019
0.703
0.073
0.047
0.027
0.007
0.000
-0.004
-0.021
-0.038
-0.050
-0.056

slope

-0.31246

0.926005

inercept

0.024523

-1.11689

ln MR 50 = -0.162x
R = 0.995
1.000

ln MR 60 = -0.306x
R = 0.979

ln MR 80 = -0.917x
R = 0.990

ln MR at 80

-1.000

ln (ln MR)

ln MR at 70

ln (ln MR)
R

0.500

14 ln MR 70 = -0.377x
R = 0.966

ln MR at 60

ln (ln MR) 50 = 0.988x

R = 0.983

0.000
0.000
-0.500

1.000

2.000

3.000

ln (Ln MR)
R
ln (Ln MR) 80 = 0.943x
R = 0.990
LN (ln MR) at 60

-1.000

LN (ln MR) at 70

-1.500
LN (ln MR) at 80

-2.000
Linear (LN (ln MR) at 50)

Linear (ln MR at 50)

-2.500

Linear (LN (ln MR) at 60)

Linear (ln MR at 60)

Linear (ln MR at 70)
Linear (ln MR at 80)

-3.000

Linear (LN (ln MR) at 70)

ln t

Linear (LN (ln MR) at 80)

MODEL
MR=
2 EXP ( -k t^n)
T (oC)
50
60
70
80

1/T (1/oC)
0.020
0.017
0.014
0.013

Slope (n)
0.988
0.926
1.009
0.943

ln k
-1.836
-1.116
-1.034
-0.036

Drying at 70

k
0.159
0.328
0.356
0.965

R2
0.983
0.988
0.975
0.990

Drying at 80
Computed

Computed

Time (hr) MR exp at MR

70 Model-1MR-Model-2
at 70
at70
Time (hr) MR exp atMR
80Model-1MR-Model-2
at 80
at 80
0
1.001
1.000
1.000
0
1.001
1.000
1.000
0.5
0.830
0.828
0.838
0.5
0.622
0.632
0.605
1
0.658
0.686
0.701
1
0.350
0.400
0.381
1.5
0.633
0.568
0.585
1.5
0.231
0.253
0.243
2
0.525
0.470
0.489
2
0.166
0.160
0.157
2.5
0.441
0.390
0.408
2.5
0.109
0.101
0.101
3
0.363
0.323
0.340
3.5
0.293
0.267
0.284
4
0.218
0.221
0.237
5
0.117
0.152
0.165
6
0.104
0.114
7
0.071
0.079
8
0.049
0.055
9
0.034
0.038
10
0.023
0.027
11
0.016
0.018
12
0.011
0.013
14
0.005
0.006
16
0.002
0.003
18
0.001
0.001
20
0.001
0.001

Modified log Model

n
0.988
0.926
1.009
0.943

RMSE
0.025
0.022
0.031
0.016

Drying at 60

Drying at 70

MR exp- (MR expMR

MR
model1 model1)^2
Time (hr) MR exp at 60 MR Model-1MR-Model-2
at 70
at70
MR exp-MR
(MRexp-MR
model 2 model2)^2
Time (hr)
0
1.001
1.000
1.000
0.0009
0.0000
0.0009
0.0000
0
0.5
0.835
0.858
0.842
-0.0234
0.0005
-0.0069
0.0000
0.5
1
0.711
0.736
0.721
-0.0258
0.0007
-0.0101
0.0001
1
1.5
0.620
0.632
0.621
-0.0119
0.0001
-0.0007
0.0000
1.5
2
0.553
0.542
0.537
0.0103
0.0001
0.0159
0.0003
2
2.5
0.486
0.465
0.465
0.0202
0.0004
0.0203
0.0004
2.5
3
0.420
0.399
0.404
0.0210
0.0004
0.0162
0.0003
3
3.5
0.385
0.343
0.352
0.0419
0.0018
0.0329
0.0011
3.5
4
0.336
0.294
0.306
0.0416
0.0017
0.0291
0.0008
4
5
0.214
0.217
0.234
-0.0027
0.0000
-0.0198
0.0004
5
6
0.133
0.159
0.179
-0.0267
0.0007
-0.0461
0.0021
AVERAGE
0.0006
0.0005
RMSE
0.0243
0.0224

AVERA
RMS

1.200

MR model 1= 0.338
R = 0.861
MR model 2 = 0.314x + 0.771
R = 0.856

1.000
MR model

0.800

(MRexp-MR model2)^2
0.000
0.499
1.037
1.312
1.421
1.485
1.500
1.511
1.472
1.137
1.067

0.600
0.400

MR model 1 at 55oC

0.200

MR model-2 at 55oC

0.000
-0.50
0.00

-1.00

Linear (MR model 1 at 55oC)

0.50

1.00

Linear (MR model-2 at 55oC)

MR exp

1.200
y = -0.1519x + 0.9552
R = 0.9824

1.000
0.800
MR's

(MC exp-MC model2)^2

0.0000
0.0031
0.0065
0.0082
0.0089
0.0093
0.0094
0.0095
0.0092
0.0071
0.0845

1.50

y = -0.1445x + 0.9584
R = 0.9836

0.600
MR model 1 at 55oC

0.400

MR model-2 at 55oC

0.200
Linear (MR model 1 at
55oC)

0.000
0

Linear (MR model-2 at

55oC)

time

1.200
1.000
0.800
MR model

(MRexp-MR model2)^2
0.000
0.099
0.121
0.593
0.793
0.882
0.871
0.875
0.863
0.566
0.753

MR model 1 = 0.403x +
R = 0.934
MR model 2= 0.397x + 0.428
R = 0.919

0.600
MR model 1 at 85oC

0.400
MR model-2 at 85oC

0.200

Linear (MR model 1 at

85oC)

0.000
0.000

-1.000

1.000

2.000

Linear (MR model-2 at

85oC)

MR exp
1.200
y = -0.2183x + 0.7646
R = 0.8436

1.000

y = -0.2129x + 0.7385
R = 0.8178

0.800
MR's

(MC exp-MC model2)^2

0
0.0013
0.0001
0.0015
0.0021
0.0023
0.0021
0.0020
0.0020
0.0015
0.0385

Linear (MR model 1 at

85oC)

0.600
MR model 1 at 85oC

0.400
MR model-2 at 85oC

0.200
Linear (MR model 1 at 85oC)

0.000
0.0
-0.200

1.0

2.0

3.0
time

4.0

5.0
Linear (MR model-2 at 85oC)

Drying at 70oC
Model 2
ln time Time (hr)
MC (t)
#NUM!
0
0.407
-0.693
0.5
0.347
0.000
1
0.286
0.405
1.5
0.277
0.693
2
0.240
0.916
2.5
0.210
1.099
3
0.182
1.253
3.5
0.157
1.386
4
0.131
1.609
5
0.096
1.792
6
0.079
7
0.067
8
0.065
9
0.060
10
0.058
11
0.057
12
0.056
14
0.051
16
0.047
18
0.044
20
0.042

%RH
17.7
17.7
17.7
17.7
17.7
17.7
17.7
17.7
17.7
17.7
17.7
17.7
17.7
17.7
17.7
17.7
17.7
17.7
17.7
17.7
17.7

ln (ln MR) 50 = 0.988x - 1.836

R = 0.983

IMC
0.407
0.407
0.407
0.407
0.407
0.407
0.407
0.407
0.407
0.407
0.407
0.407
0.407
0.407
0.407
0.407
0.407
0.407
0.407
0.407
0.407

EMC
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05

Model 1
Model 2
MR
ln MR at 70
LN (ln MR) at 70
1.001
0.001
-7.041
0.830
-0.186
-1.683
0.658
-0.418
-0.872
0.633
-0.458
-0.781
0.525
-0.644
-0.441
0.441
-0.818
-0.201
0.363
-1.012
0.012
0.293
-1.229
0.206
0.218
-1.522
0.420
0.117
-2.143
0.762
0.195
0.165
0.159
0.149
0.144
0.141
0.137
0.126
0.114
0.108
0.104

slope

-0.401997

1.0090302

inercept

0.0816529

-1.033968

CHART k vs 1/T SIMPLE LOG MODEL

ln (ln MR) 60 = 0.926x - 1.116

R = 0.988
ln (Ln MR) 70 = 1.009x - 1.034
R = 0.975
ln (Ln MR) 80 = 0.943x - 0.036
R = 0.990

LN (ln MR) at 60
LN (ln MR) at 70
LN (ln MR) at 80
Linear (LN (ln MR) at 50)
Linear (LN (ln MR) at 60)
Linear (LN (ln MR) at 70)

1.000
0.900
0.800
0.700
0.600
0.500
0.400
0.300
0.200
0.100
0.000
0.000

y = -87.538x + 1.8291
R = 0.7401

Slope (k)

Linear
(Slope (k))

0.010
0.020
1/T (1/oC)

0.030

Linear (LN (ln MR) at 80)

Temperature (oC) 1/T

k 55
k 85

55
85

0.018
0.012

10

0.238
0.799

1.200

1.000

MR's

0.800

0.600

0.400

0.200

0.000
0

15

time (hour)

20

time (hour)

Drying at 70

Drying at 80

(MR expMR expMR

MR
model1 model1)^2
MR exp at 70
MR Model-1MR-Model-2
at 70
at70
MR exp-MR(MRexp-MR
model 2 model2)^2
Time (hr)
1.001
1.000
1.000
0.0009
0.0000
0.0009
0.0000
0
0.830
0.828
0.838
0.0022
0.0000
-0.0076
0.0001
0.5
0.658
0.686
0.701
-0.0277
0.0008
-0.0425
0.0018
1
0.633
0.568
0.585
0.0645
0.0042
0.0471
0.0022
1.5
0.525
0.470
0.489
0.0550
0.0030
0.0365
0.0013
2
0.441
0.390
0.408
0.0517
0.0027
0.0333
0.0011
2.5
0.363
0.323
0.340
0.0407
0.0017
0.0229
0.0005
0.293
0.267
0.284
0.0253
0.0006
0.0085
0.0001
0.218
0.221
0.237
-0.0031
0.0000
-0.0187
0.0003
0.117
0.152
0.165
-0.0346
0.0012
-0.0474
0.0022
AVERAGE
0.0014
0.0010
RMSE
0.0376
0.0312

MR exp at 80
1.001
0.622
0.350
0.231
0.166
0.109
AVERAGE
RMSE

0.338x + 0.753
0.861
model 2 = 0.314x + 0.771
R = 0.856

R model 1 at 55oC

R model-2 at 55oC

ear (MR model 1 at 55oC)

ear (MR model-2 at 55oC)

0.160
0.140
MR model 1 at 55oC

0.120

MR model-2 at 55oC

0.100

Linear (MR model 1 at

0.080

Linear (MR model-2 at

MC exp
MC model 1 at 55 oC
MC Model 2 at 55oC

0.060
0.040
0.020

0.403x + 0.449
0.000
0.000
el 2= 0.397x + 0.428
0.160
MR model 1 at 85oC

0.140

MR model-2 at 85oC

0.120

Linear (MR model 1 at

0.100

1.000

2.000

3.000

4.000

5.000

Linear (MR model 1 at

0.100

Linear (MR model-2 at

0.080

MC exp
MC model 1 at 85oC
MC Model 2 at 85 oC

0.060
0.040

2183x + 0.7646

0.2129x + 0.7385
R = 0.8178

MR model 1 at 85oC

MR model-2 at 85oC

Linear (MR model 1 at 85oC)

Linear (MR model-2 at 85oC)

0.020
0.000
0.000

1.000

2.000

3.000

4.000

5.000

Drying at 80oC
Model 2
ln time Time (hr)
MC (t)
#NUM!
0
0.407
-0.693
0.5
0.270
0.000
1
0.172
0.405
1.5
0.129
0.693
2
0.106
0.916
2.5
0.085
1.099
3
0.069
1.253
3.5
0.059
1.386
4
0.050
1.609
5
0.040
6
0.035
7
0.031
8
0.030
9
0.028
10
0.026
11
0.025
12
0.024
14
0.022
16
0.020
18
0.017
20
0.016

%RH

IMC
0.407
0.407
0.407
0.407
0.407
0.407
0.407
0.407
0.407
0.407
0.407
0.407
0.407
0.407
0.407
0.407
0.407
0.407
0.407
0.407
0.407

15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15

Model 1
Model 2
MR
ln MR at LN
80 (ln MR) at 80
1.001
0.001
-7.064
0.622
-0.475
-0.745
0.350
-1.048
0.047
0.231
-1.465
0.382
0.166
-1.794
0.585
0.109
-2.219
0.797
0.168
0.144
0.123
0.097
0.086
0.076
0.073
0.068
0.064
0.061
0.059
0.053
0.048
0.041
0.038

EMC
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05

slope

-0.88419

0.943933

inercept

-0.06148

-0.03639

CHART LN k vs 1/T MODIFIED LOG MODEL

1.5

n = 2.167x + 0.932
R = 0.033

1
ln k, slope (n)

0.5
0
0.000
-0.5
-1

0.010

0.020

ln k = -213.5x + 2.382
R = 0.876

-1.5

ln k
Slope (n)

-2
-2.5

0.030

Linear (ln k)

1/T (1/oC)

Linear (Slope (n))

K predicted FOR Validation

Temperature (oC) 1/T

k 55
55
0.018
k 85
85
0.012

k 55
k 85

Temperature (oC) T
55
55
85
85

T (oC)
55
85

MR exp at 50
MR Model-1 at 50
MR-Model-2 at 50
MR exp at 60
MR Model-1 at 60
MR-Model-2 at 60
MR exp at 70
MR Model-1 at 70
MR-Model-2 at70
MR exp at 80
MR Model-1 at 80
MR-Model-2 at 80

25

Simple Log Model

k
RMSE
0.238
0.0829
0.799
0.0845

ln k
-1.500
-0.130

k
0.223
0.878

n
0.988
0.943

Modified log Model

k
n
RMSE
0.223
0.988
0.0392
0.878
0.943
0.0385

MR exp- (MR expMR

MR
model1
model1)^2
MR Model-1 MR-Model-2
at 80
at
80
MR exp-MR
(MRexp-MR
model 2 model2)^2
1.000
1.000
0.0009
0.0000
0.0009
0.0000
0.632
0.605
-0.0102
0.0001
0.0166
0.0003
0.400
0.381
-0.0492
0.0024
-0.0307
0.0009
0.253
0.243
-0.0216
0.0005
-0.0121
0.0001
0.160
0.157
0.0065
0.0000
0.0097
0.0001
0.101
0.101
0.0077
0.0001
0.0074
0.0001
AVERAGE
0.0005
0.0003
RMSE
0.0227
0.0159

Model 2
ln time
#NUM!
-0.693
0.000
0.405
0.693
0.916

1.200
1.000
MR

MR exp

0.800

MR
MR

0.600

MR
Expon. (MR)

0.400

Expon. (MR)

0.200

Expon. (MR)
Expon. (MR)

0.000
0

10

time (hour)

CHART n (slope ) vs Temperature MODIFIED LOG MODEL

1.02
1.01
1

y = -0.0005x + 1.0003
R = 0.0303

n-value

0.99
0.98
0.97

Slope (n)

0.96

Linear (Slope (n))

0.95
0.94
0.93
0.92
0

20

40

60

Temperature (oC)

80

100

12

14

Drying Lab (FEBT 2008)

Drying Time
(Hr)
0.0
0.3
0.5
0.8
1.0
1.3
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.5
5.5
6.5
7.5
8.5
9.5
10.5
11.5
12.5
13.5
14.5

70
33.00
29.72
27.50
24.57
22.73
20.52
18.83
15.80
13.76
12.01
10.62
7.80
7.47
6.72
6.26
5.97
5.79
5.68
5.61
5.57
5.54
5.53

Moisture content (%d.b.)

80
32.11
28.79
25.86
22.80
21.02
19.02
17.26
14.35
12.09
10.34
8.98
7.11
5.99
5.32
4.91
4.67
4.52
4.43
4.38
4.35
4.33
4.32

Oven Temperature, C
RH (%)
EMC
where,

70
20
0.06
Me= equilibrium moisture content, %, d.b.
Me =
RH =
T=
R =
C =

E - F * In(-R * (T + C)) * ln(RH)

relative humidity in decimal
Temperature in C
1.987
35.703

E = 0.325525
F = 0.046015
Drying Lab (FEBT 2008)
Drying Time
(Hr)
0.0
0.3
0.5
0.8
1.0
1.3
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.5
5.5
6.5
7.5
8.5
9.5
10.5
11.5
12.5
13.5
14.5

70
33.00
29.72
27.50
24.57
22.73
20.52
18.83
15.80
13.76
12.01
10.62
7.80
7.47
6.72
6.26
5.97
5.79
5.68
5.61
5.57
5.54
5.53

Moisture content (%d.b.)

80
32.11
28.79
25.86
22.80
21.02
19.02
17.26
14.35
12.09
10.34
8.98
7.11
5.99
5.32
4.91
4.67
4.52
4.43
4.38
4.35
4.33
4.32

RH (%)

70
20

80
15

Oven Temperature, C

where,

Me = equilibrium moisture content, %, d.b.

Me = E - F * In(-R * (T + C)) * ln(RH)
RH = relative humidity in decimal

T=
R =
C =
E =
F =

Temperature in C
1.987
35.703
0.325525
0.046015

Universal Gas Constant

ontent (%d.b.)

Drying Time
(Hr)
0.0
0.3
0.5
0.8
1.0
1.3
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.5
5.5
6.5
7.5
8.5
9.5
10.5
11.5
12.5
13.5
14.5

90
29.60
26.68
23.38
19.80
18.10
16.00
14.20
10.50
9.17
7.59
5.90
4.92
4.09
3.64
3.40
3.26
3.19
3.15
3.13
3.11
3.11
3.10

Oven Temperature, C
80
15
0.05
rium moisture content, %, d.b.

n(-R * (T + C)) * ln(RH)

umidity in decimal
Universal Gas Constant

90
10
0.03

Validation of the Mathematical Model

65
33.60
30.19
28.15
25.41
23.77
21.57
20.25
17.43
15.17
13.35
11.89
9.79
8.43
7.56
6.99
6.63
6.40
6.25
6.15
6.09
6.05
6.03

ontent (%d.b.)

Drying Time
(Hr)
0.0
0.3
0.5
0.8
1.0
1.3
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.5
5.5
6.5
7.5
8.5
9.5
10.5
11.5
12.5
13.5
14.5

90
29.60
26.68
23.38
19.80
18.10
16.00
14.20
10.50
9.17
7.59
5.90
4.92
4.09
3.64
3.40
3.26
3.19
3.15
3.13
3.11
3.11
3.10

Oven Temperature, C
90
10

65
25

75
15

Validation of the Mathematical Model

65
33.60
30.19
28.15
25.41
23.77
21.57
20.25
17.43
15.17
13.35
11.89
9.79
8.43
7.56
6.99
6.63
6.40
6.25
6.15
6.09
6.05
6.03

l Gas Constant

n of the Mathematical Model

75
31.81
28.07
25.87
22.95
21.24
18.98
17.65
14.88
12.74
11.09
9.81
8.07
7.04
6.43
6.07
5.85
5.72
5.65
5.6
5.58
5.56
5.55

n of the Mathematical Model

75
31.81
28.07
25.87
22.95
21.24
18.98
17.65
14.88
12.74
11.09
9.81
8.07
7.04
6.43
6.07
5.85
5.72
5.65
5.6
5.58
5.56
5.55

55 C
Time(hr.)

MC(db.)

wet bulb

dry bulb

%RH

IMC

0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4

0.1520
0.0877
0.0555
0.0388
0.0293
0.0219
0.0167
0.0121
0.0096
0.07

34
34
34
34
34
34
34
34
34

54
54
54
54
54
54
54
54
54

26
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
26

0.407
0.407
0.407
0.407
0.407
0.407
0.407
0.407
0.407

dry bulb
84
84
84
84
84
84
84
84
84

%RH
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14

IMC
0.407
0.407
0.407
0.407
0.407
0.407
0.407
0.407
0.407

Me

85 C
Time(hr.)
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
Me

MC(db.) wet bulb

0.1520
46
0.1479
46
0.0782
46
0.0337
46
0.0169
46
0.0083
46
0.0056
46
0.0033
46
0.0023
46
0.04

EMC=Me =

EMC=Me = E - F *ln((-R * (T + C)) * ln(RH))

RH =
T=
R =
C =
E =
F =

relative humidity in decimal

Temperature in C
1.987
Universal Gas Constant
35.703
0.325525
0.046015

Drying at 50 C
Time (hr)
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
14
16
18
20

T C (db) T C (wb)
MC (t)
0.407
50.05
33.52
0.375
50.05
33.52
0.358
50.05
33.52
0.341
50.05
33.52
0.341
50.05
33.52
0.310
50.05
33.52
0.286
50.05
33.52
0.276
50.05
33.52
0.263
50.05
33.52
0.235
50.05
33.52
0.213
50.05
33.52
0.185
50.05
33.52
0.174
50.05
33.52
0.161
50.05
33.52
0.146
50.05
33.52
0.136
50.05
33.52
0.128
50.05
33.52
0.115
50.05
33.52
0.101
50.05
33.52
0.092
50.05
33.52
0.087
50.05
33.52

%RH
33.00
33.00
33.00
33.00
33.00
33.00
33.00
33.00
33.00
33.00
33.00
33.00
33.00
33.00
33.00
33.00
33.00
33.00
33.00
33.00
33.00

IMC
0.407
0.407
0.407
0.407
0.407
0.407
0.407
0.407
0.407
0.407
0.407
0.407
0.407
0.407
0.407
0.407
0.407
0.407
0.407
0.407
0.407

EMC
0.084
0.084
0.084
0.084
0.084
0.084
0.084
0.084
0.084
0.084
0.084
0.084
0.084
0.084
0.084
0.084
0.084
0.084
0.084
0.084
0.084
slope
inercept
R2

Model 1
MR
ln MR
1.00 0.000957
0.90 -0.10345
0.85 -0.16603
0.79 -0.22974
0.80 -0.22913
0.70 -0.35965
0.63 -0.46796
0.59 -0.52114
0.55 -0.59382
0.47 -0.76139
0.40
-0.9194
0.31
-1.1644
0.28 -1.27759
0.24 -1.43124
0.19 -1.64745
0.16 -1.83798
0.13 -2.00656
0.09 -2.35645
0.05 -2.96283
0.02
-3.7467
0.01 -4.87688
-0.21098
0.23009
#VALUE!

model 2
n50
ln k
1.0533
-1.8923
for validation data
MC experiment MC mod1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.

MC exp-MCmod1

(Mcexp-MC mod1)^2 MC mod2

MC exp-Mcmod

sum
RMSE

Relationship between ln MR vs time

1
0
-1
ln MR

Model 2
LN (ln MR) ln time
#NUM!
#NUM!
-2.26867 -0.69315
-1.79558
0
-1.4708 0.405465
-1.47345 0.693147
-1.02263 0.916291
-0.75937 1.098612
-0.65174 1.252763
-0.52118 1.386294
-0.2726 1.609438
-0.08404 1.791759
0.152209 1.94591
0.244979 2.079442
0.358542 2.197225
0.499229 2.302585
0.608667 2.397895
0.696422 2.484907
0.857158 2.639057
1.086146 2.772589
1.320875 2.890372
1.584505 2.995732

10

15

ln MR

-3

Linear (ln MR)

-4
-5

-6

t (hour)

Relationship between ln ( ln MR) vs ln t

2

1.5

y = 1.0533x
R = 0.9814

ln (ln MR)

0.5
-1

0
-0.5 0

-2
-2.5

-3
ln t (hour)

(Mcexp-MC mod2)^2

LN (ln MR)
Linear (LN (ln MR))

-1
-1.5

0.150725

25 y = -0.211x + 0.2301
R = 0.9559

-2

1.05330
-1.89228

20

0.211x + 0.2301
R = 0.9559

Linear (ln MR)

1.0533x - 1.8923
= 0.9814

LN (ln MR)
Linear (LN (ln MR))

Drying at 60oC
Time (hr)
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
14
16
18
20

T C (db) T C (wb)
MC (t)
0.407
60.88
44.71
0.350
60.88
44.71
0.307
60.88
44.71
0.276
60.88
44.71
0.253
60.88
44.71
0.230
60.88
44.71
0.207
60.88
44.71
0.195
60.88
44.71
0.178
60.88
44.71
0.136
60.88
44.71
0.108
60.88
44.71
0.087
60.88
44.71
0.078
60.88
44.71
0.072
60.88
44.71
0.065
60.88
44.71
0.062
60.88
44.71
0.061
60.88
44.71
0.055
60.88
44.71
0.049
60.88
44.71
0.045
60.88
44.71
0.043
60.88
44.71

%RH
20.00
20.00
20.00
20.00
20.00
20.00
20.00
20.00
20.00
20.00
20.00
20.00
20.00
20.00
20.00
20.00
20.00
20.00
20.00
20.00
20.00

IMC
0.407
0.407
0.407
0.407
0.407
0.407
0.407
0.407
0.407
0.407
0.407
0.407
0.407
0.407
0.407
0.407
0.407
0.407
0.407
0.407
0.407

EMC
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
slope
inercept

Model 1
MR
ln MR
1.000896 0.000896
0.83469 -0.18069
0.710601 -0.34164
0.620026 -0.47799
0.552547 -0.59322
0.485521 -0.72253
0.420306 -0.86677
0.384529 -0.95574
0.335618 -1.09178
0.213794 -1.54274
0.132729 -2.01945
0.073402 -2.61181
0.046682
-3.0644
0.027208 -3.60424
0.006829 -4.98664
-0.00042 #NUM!
-0.00449 #NUM!
-0.02125 #NUM!
-0.03846 #NUM!
-0.04978 #NUM!
-0.05567 #NUM!
-0.44229
0.320383

Relationship between ln MR vs time

1
0
-1
ln MR

Model 2
LN (-ln MR) ln time
#NUM!
#NUM!
-1.71095 -0.69315
-1.07399
0
-0.73816 0.405465
-0.52219 0.693147
-0.32499 0.916291
-0.14298 1.098612
-0.04527 1.252763
0.087811 1.386294
0.433562 1.609438
0.702824 1.791759
0.960043 1.94591
1.119852 2.079442
1.282111 2.197225
1.606762 2.302585
#NUM!
2.397895
#NUM!
2.484907
#NUM!
2.639057
#NUM!
2.772589
#NUM!
2.890372
#NUM!
2.995732

10

12y = -0.4423
R

-2
-3
-4
-5
-6

t (hour)

Relationship between ln ( ln MR) vs ln t

2
1.5

1.071987
-1.18386

y=

1
ln (ln MR)

0.5
0
-1

-0.5

LN (-ln MR)
Linear (LN (-ln MR))

-1
-1.5
-2
-2.5
ln t (hour)

y = -0.4423x + 0.3204
R = 0.9477
ln MR
Linear (ln MR)

MR) vs ln t

y = 1.072x - 1.1839
R = 0.9728

LN (-ln MR)
Linear (LN (-ln MR))

Drying at 70oC
Time (hr)
MC (t)
ToC (db) ToC (wb)
0
0.407
72.19
41.52
0.5
0.347
72.19
41.52
1
0.286
72.19
41.52
1.5
0.277
72.19
41.52
2
0.240
72.19
41.52
2.5
0.210
72.19
41.52
3
0.182
72.19
41.52
3.5
0.157
72.19
41.52
4
0.131
72.19
41.52
5
0.096
72.19
41.52
6
0.079
72.19
41.52
7
0.067
72.19
41.52
8
0.065
72.19
41.52
9
0.060
72.19
41.52
10
0.058
72.19
41.52
11
0.057
72.19
41.52
12
0.056
72.19
41.52
14
0.051
72.19
41.52
16
0.047
72.19
41.52
18
0.044
72.19
41.52
20
0.042
72.19
41.52

%RH
17.78
17.78
17.78
17.78
17.78
17.78
17.78
17.78
17.78
17.78
17.78
17.78
17.78
17.78
17.78
17.78
17.78
17.78
17.78
17.78
17.78

IMC
0.407
0.407
0.407
0.407
0.407
0.407
0.407
0.407
0.407
0.407
0.407
0.407
0.407
0.407
0.407
0.407
0.407
0.407
0.407
0.407
0.407

EMC
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
slope
inercept

Model 1
MR
ln MR
1.000876 0.000876
0.830442
-0.1858
0.658237 -0.41819
0.632561 -0.45798
0.525431 -0.64354
0.441321 -0.81798
0.363408 -1.01223
0.292579 -1.22902
0.218207 -1.52231
0.117275 -2.14323
0.071236 -2.64176
0.036263 -3.31695
0.029623
-3.5192
0.017671 -4.03586
0.011916 -4.42991
0.008817
-4.7311
0.003947 -5.53474
-0.00845 #NUM!
-0.02173 #NUM!
-0.02925 #NUM!
-0.03412 #NUM!
-0.465
0.194808

Relationship between ln MR vs time

1
0
-1
ln MR

Model 2
LN (ln MR) ln time
#NUM!
#NUM!
-1.6831 -0.69315
-0.87182
0
-0.78093 0.405465
-0.44078 0.693147
-0.20091 0.916291
0.012154 1.098612
0.206219 1.252763
0.420229 1.386294
0.762316 1.609438
0.971447 1.791759
1.199045 1.94591
1.258235 2.079442
1.395219 2.197225
1.488379 2.302585
1.554157 2.397895
1.711044 2.484907
#NUM!
2.639057
#NUM!
2.772589
#NUM!
2.890372
#NUM!
2.995732

10

15

-2

y = -0.4646x + 0.1953
R = 0.9934

-3
-4
-5
-6

t (hour)

Relationship between ln ( ln MR) vs ln t

2

1.09869
-1.06617

y = 1.1017

1.5
1
ln (ln MR)

0.5
0
-1

-0.5

-1
-1.5
-2
-2.5
ln t (hour)

y = -0.4646x + 0.1953
R = 0.9934
ln MR
Linear (ln MR)

MR) vs ln t
y = 1.1017x - 1.0682
R = 0.9883

LN (ln MR)
Linear (LN (ln MR))

Drying at 80oC
Time (hr)
MC(t)
ToC (db) ToC (wb)
0
0.407
74.55
44.1
0.5
0.270
74.55
44.1
1
0.172
74.55
44.1
1.5
0.129
74.55
44.1
2
0.106
74.55
44.1
2.5
0.085
74.55
44.1
3
0.069
74.55
44.1
3.5
0.059
74.55
44.1
4
0.050
74.55
44.1
5
0.040
74.55
44.1
6
0.035
74.55
44.1
7
0.031
74.55
44.1
8
0.030
74.55
44.1
9
0.028
74.55
44.1
10
0.026
74.55
44.1
11
0.025
74.55
44.1
12
0.024
74.55
44.1
14
0.022
74.55
44.1
16
0.020
74.55
44.1
18
0.017
74.55
44.1
20
0.016
74.55
44.1

%RH
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0

IMC
0.407
0.407
0.407
0.407
0.407
0.407
0.407
0.407
0.407
0.407
0.407
0.407
0.407
0.407
0.407
0.407
0.407
0.407
0.407
0.407
0.407

EMC
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
slope
inercept

Model 1
MR
ln MR
1.000856 0.000855
0.62204 -0.47475
0.350468 -1.04849
0.231115 -1.46484
0.166249 -1.79427
0.108735 -2.21884
0.062896 -2.76627
0.03522 -3.34613
0.011869 -4.43385
-0.01754 #NUM!
-0.03008 #NUM!
-0.04175 #NUM!
-0.04435 #NUM!
-0.0504 #NUM!
-0.05516 #NUM!
-0.05819 #NUM!
-0.05992 #NUM!
-0.06727 #NUM!
-0.07289 #NUM!
-0.08024 #NUM!
-0.0837 #NUM!
-1.01808
0.086548

Relationship between ln MR vs time

ln MR

Model 2
LN (ln MR) ln time
#NUM!
#NUM!
-0.74496 -0.69315
0.047347
0
0.381746 0.405465
0.584596 0.693147
0.796985 0.916291
1.017498 1.098612
1.207804 1.252763
1.489268 1.386294
#NUM!
1.609438
#NUM!
1.791759
#NUM!
1.94591
#NUM!
2.079442
#NUM!
2.197225
#NUM!
2.302585
#NUM!
2.397895
#NUM!
2.484907
#NUM!
2.639057
#NUM!
2.772589
#NUM!
2.890372
#NUM!
2.995732

0.5
0
-0.5 0
-1
-1.5
-2
-2.5
-3
-3.5
-4
-4.5
-5

5
y = -1.0181
R

t (hour)

Relationship between ln ( ln MR) vs ln t

2

1.004503
-0.03774

1.5

y = 1.0045

ln (ln MR)

1
0.5
0
-1

-0.5

0
-0.5
-1
ln t (hour)

0.5

1.5

y = -1.0181x + 0.0865
R = 0.9771

ln MR
Linear (ln MR)

MR) vs ln t

y = 1.0045x - 0.0377
R = 0.9884

LN (ln MR)
Linear (LN (ln MR))

Drying at 90oC
Time (hr)
MC(t)
0.01
0.407
0.25
0.349
0.50
0.303
0.75
0.264
1.00
0.235
1.25
0.207
1.50
0.184
1.75
0.164
2.00
0.144
2.50
0.109
3.00
0.091
3.50
0.075
4.00
0.064
5.00
0.046
6.00
0.040
7.00
0.035

ToC (db)
0.400
0.350
0.300
0.260
0.230
0.210
0.180
0.160
0.140
0.110
0.090
0.070
0.060
0.050
0.040
0.040

ToC (wb) %RH

0.410
10.000
0.400
10.000
0.400
10.000
0.400
10.000
0.400
10.000
0.400
10.000
0.400
10.000
0.400
10.000
0.400
10.000
0.400
10.000
0.400
10.000
0.400
10.000
0.400
10.000
0.400
10.000
0.400
10.000
0.400
10.000

IMC
0.407
0.407
0.407
0.407
0.407
0.407
0.407
0.407
0.407
0.407
0.407
0.407
0.407
0.407
0.407
0.407

EMC
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03

slope
inercept

Model 1
MR
ln MR
0.999733 -0.00027
0.844603 -0.16889
0.720499 -0.32781
0.617258 -0.48247
0.539693 -0.61675
0.463733 -0.76845
0.402216 -0.91077
0.350061 -1.04965
0.29523
-1.22
0.201618 -1.60138
0.154544 -1.86728
0.11068 -2.20112
0.081259 -2.51012
0.033382 -3.39973
0.018404 -3.99517
0.005566 -5.19108

-0.7047
0.117768

Model 2
LN (ln MR)
-8.22639
-1.77852
-1.11532
-0.72884
-0.48328
-0.26338
-0.09347
0.048456
0.19885
0.470867
0.624481
0.788964
0.92033
1.223696
1.385086
1.646942

1.411579
-0.76954

Relationship between ln MR vs time

1

ln MR

0
0.00
-1

2.00

4.00

6.00

8.00
y = -0.7047x + 0.1178
R = 0.9915

-2
-3
-4

ln MR
Linear (ln MR)

-5
-6

t (hour)

Relationship between ln ( ln MR) vs ln t

4
y = 1.4116x - 0.7695
R = 0.962

2
0
ln (ln MR)

Model 2
ln time
-4.60517
-1.38629
-0.69315
-0.28768
0
0.223144
0.405465
0.559616
0.693147
0.916291
1.098612
1.252763
1.386294
1.609438
1.791759
1.94591

-6

-4

-2

-2
LN (ln MR)

-4
-6
-8
-10
ln t (hour)

Linear (LN (ln MR))

Step 1.

Determine Equilibrium moisture content (% d.b.)

Oven Temperature, C
50
60
70

RH (%)
Me (%, d.b.)

where, EMC

33
0.08

20
0.06

17.7
0.05

= equilibrium moisture content, %, d.b.

Me = E - F * In(-R * (T + C)) * ln
80

90

15
0.05

10
0.03

RH =
T=
R =
C =
E =
F =

relative humidity in decimal

Temperature in C
1.987
Universal Gas Constant
35.703
0.325525
0.046015

In(-R * (T + C)) * ln(RH)

midity in decimal
Universal Gas Constant

Table B.1 Data Analysis of drying process of roughrice at 50OC (RH =33%) and 60oC (RH=20%)
Drying at50oC
Time (hr)MC (t) %RH IMC
0
0.407
33 0.407
0.5
0.375
33 0.407
1
0.358
33 0.407
1.5
0.341
33 0.407
2
0.341
33 0.407
2.5
0.310
33 0.407
3
0.286
33 0.407
3.5
0.276
33 0.407
4
0.263
33 0.407
5
0.235
33 0.407
6
0.213
33 0.407
7
0.185
33 0.407
8
0.174
33 0.407
9
0.161
33 0.407
10
0.146
33 0.407
11
0.136
33 0.407
12
0.128
33 0.407
14
0.115
33 0.407
16
0.101
33 0.407
18
0.092
33 0.407
20
0.087
33 0.407

EMC
0.084
0.084
0.084
0.084
0.084
0.084
0.084
0.084
0.084
0.084
0.084
0.084
0.084
0.084
0.084
0.084
0.084
0.084
0.084
0.084
0.084

Model 1
Model 2
Drying at 60oC
ln MR LN (ln MR) ln time Time (hr)MC (t) %RH IMC
MR
1.001 0.001
-6.951
#NUM!
0
0.407 20 0.41
0.902 -0.103
-2.269
-0.693
0.5 0.350 20 0.41
0.847 -0.166
-1.796
0.000
1
0.307 20 0.41
0.795 -0.230
-1.471
0.405
1.5 0.276 20 0.41
0.795 -0.229
-1.473
0.693
2
0.253 20 0.41
0.698 -0.360
-1.023
0.916
2.5 0.230 20 0.41
0.626 -0.468
-0.759
1.099
3
0.207 20 0.41
0.594 -0.521
-0.652
1.253
3.5 0.195 20 0.41
0.552 -0.594
-0.521
1.386
4
0.178 20 0.41
0.467 -0.761
-0.273
1.609
5
0.136 20 0.41
0.399 -0.919
-0.084
1.792
6
0.108 20 0.41
0.312 -1.164
0.152
1.946
7
0.087 20 0.41
0.279 -1.278
0.245
2.079
8
0.078 20 0.41
0.239 -1.431
0.359
2.197
9
0.072 20 0.41
0.193 -1.647
0.499
2.303
10
0.065 20 0.41
0.159 -1.838
0.609
2.398
11
0.062 20 0.41
0.134 -2.007
0.696
2.485
12
0.061 20 0.41
14
0.055 20 0.41
16
0.049 20 0.41
18
0.045 20 0.41
cut data of MR that is less than 0.10
20
0.043 20 0.41

EMC
####
####
####
####
####
####
####
####
####
####
####
####
####
####
####
####
####
####
####
####
####

Model 1
Model 2
MR ln MR LN (ln MR) ln time
1.001 0.001
-7.018
#NUM!
0.835 -0.181
-1.711
-0.693
0.711 -0.342
-1.074
0.000
0.620 -0.478
-0.738
0.405
0.553 -0.593
-0.522
0.693
0.486 -0.723
-0.325
0.916
0.420 -0.867
-0.143
1.099
0.385 -0.956
-0.045
1.253
0.336 -1.092
0.088
1.386
0.214 -1.543
0.434
1.609
0.133 -2.019
0.703
1.792

cut data of MR that is less than 0.10

Table B.2 Data Analysis of drying process of roughrice at 70OC (RH =17.7%) and 90oC (RH=15%)
Drying at 70oC
Time (hr)MC (t) %RH IMC
0 0.407 17.7 0.407
0.5 0.347 17.7 0.407
1 0.286 17.7 0.407
1.5 0.277 17.7 0.407
2 0.240 17.7 0.407
2.5 0.210 17.7 0.407
3 0.182 17.7 0.407
3.5 0.157 17.7 0.407
4 0.131 17.7 0.407
5 0.096 17.7 0.407
6 0.079 17.7 0.407
7 0.067 17.7 0.407
8 0.065 17.7 0.407
9 0.060 17.7 0.407
10 0.058 17.7 0.407
11 0.057 17.7 0.407
12 0.056 17.7 0.407
14 0.051 17.7 0.407
16 0.047 17.7 0.407
18 0.044 17.7 0.407
20 0.042 17.7 0.407

Model 1
Model 2
Drying at 80oC
EMC MR
ln MR LN (ln MR) ln time Time (hr)MC (t) %RH IMC
0.054 1.001 0.001
-7.041
#NUM!
0 0.407 15 ####
0.054 0.830 -0.186
-1.683
-0.693
0.5 0.270 15 ####
0.054 0.658 -0.418
-0.872
0.000
1 0.172 15 ####
0.054 0.633 -0.458
-0.781
0.405
1.5 0.129 15 ####
0.054 0.525 -0.644
-0.441
0.693
2 0.106 15 ####
0.054 0.441 -0.818
-0.201
0.916
2.5 0.085 15 ####
0.054 0.363 -1.012
0.012
1.099
3 0.069 15 ####
0.054 0.293 -1.229
0.206
1.253
3.5 0.059 15 ####
0.054 0.218 -1.522
0.420
1.386
4 0.050 15 ####
0.054 0.117 -2.143
0.762
1.609
5 0.040 15 ####
0.054
6 0.035 15 ####
0.054
7 0.031 15 ####
0.054
8 0.030 15 ####
0.054
9 0.028 15 ####
0.054
10 0.026 15 ####
0.054
11 0.025 15 ####
0.054
12 0.024 15 ####
0.054
14 0.022 15 ####
0.054
16 0.020 15 ####
0.054
18 0.017 15 ####
0.054 cut data of MR that is less than 0.10
20 0.016 15 ####

EMC
####
####
####
####
####
####
####
####
####
####
####
####
####
####
####
####
####
####
####
####
####

Model 1
Model 2
MR
ln MR LN (ln MR) at
ln 80
time
1.001 0.001
-7.064 #NUM!
0.622 -0.475
-0.745 -0.693
0.350 -1.048
0.047
0.000
0.231 -1.465
0.382
0.405
0.166 -1.794
0.585
0.693
0.109 -2.219
0.797
0.916

cut data of MR that is less than 0.10

Table B.3
Comparison of MR between Model 1 and 2 at drying temperature 50oC and 60 oC
Drying at 50

Time (hr)
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
14
16
18
20

MR exp
1.0010
0.9017
0.8470
0.7947
0.7952
0.6979
0.6263
0.5938
0.5522
0.4670
0.3988
0.3121
0.2787
0.2390
0.1925
0.1591
0.1345
0.0948
0.0517
0.0236
0.0076

MR
Model-1
1.0000
0.9222
0.8504
0.7843
0.7233
0.6670
0.6151
0.5672
0.5231
0.4449
0.3783
0.3217
0.2736
0.2327
0.1979
0.1683
0.1431
0.1035
0.0749
0.0541
0.0392
AVERAGE
RMSE

MRMR exp-MR (MR exp-MR

MR exp- (MRexp-MR
Model-2
model1
model1)^2 MR model 2 model2)^2
1.0000
0.0010
0.0000
0.0010
0.0000
0.9228
-0.0205
0.0004
-0.0210
0.0004
0.8526
-0.0034
0.0000
-0.0056
0.0000
0.7882
0.0105
0.0001
0.0066
0.0000
0.7289
0.0720
0.0052
0.0664
0.0044
0.6742
0.0309
0.0010
0.0238
0.0006
0.6237
0.0112
0.0001
0.0026
0.0000
0.5771
0.0266
0.0007
0.0168
0.0003
0.5340
0.0291
0.0008
0.0182
0.0003
0.4575
0.0222
0.0005
0.0095
0.0001
0.3920
0.0204
0.0004
0.0067
0.0000
0.3361
-0.0096
0.0001
-0.0240
0.0006
0.2882
0.0051
0.0000
-0.0095
0.0001
0.2472
0.0063
0.0000
-0.0081
0.0001
0.2120
-0.0054
0.0000
-0.0195
0.0004
0.1819
-0.0092
0.0001
-0.0228
0.0005
0.1561
-0.0087
0.0001
-0.0217
0.0005
0.1150
-0.0088
0.0001
-0.0203
0.0004
0.0848
-0.0232
0.0005
-0.0331
0.0011
0.0625
-0.0306
0.0009
-0.0389
0.0015
0.0461
-0.0315
0.0010
-0.0385
0.0015
0.0006
0.0006
0.0241
0.0247

Table B.4 Comparison of MR between Model 1 and 2 at drying temperature 70oC and 80 oC
Drying at 70

Time (hr)
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
5

MR exp
1.0009
0.8304
0.6582
0.6326
0.5254
0.4413
0.3634
0.2926
0.2182
0.1173

MR
Model-1
1.0000
0.8282
0.6859
0.5681
0.4705
0.3897
0.3227
0.2673
0.2214
0.1518
AVERAGE
RMSE

MRMR exp-MR (MR exp-MR

MR exp- (MRexp-MR
Model-2
model1
model1)^2 MR model 2 model2)^2
1.0000
0.0009
0.0000
0.0009
0.0000
0.8380
0.0022
0.0000
-0.0076
0.0001
0.7008
-0.0277
0.0008
-0.0425
0.0018
0.5855
0.0645
0.0042
0.0471
0.0022
0.4889
0.0550
0.0030
0.0365
0.0013
0.4081
0.0517
0.0027
0.0333
0.0011
0.3405
0.0407
0.0017
0.0229
0.0005
0.2840
0.0253
0.0006
0.0085
0.0001
0.2369
-0.0031
0.0000
-0.0187
0.0003
0.1647
-0.0346
0.0012
-0.0474
0.0022
0.0014
0.0010
0.0376
0.0312

Drying at 60

Time (hr)
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
5
6

MR
MRMR exp Model-1 Model-2
1.0009
1.0000
1.0000
0.8347
0.8581
0.8416
0.7106
0.7364
0.7207
0.6200
0.6319
0.6207
0.5525
0.5423
0.5366
0.4855
0.4653
0.4652
0.4203
0.3993
0.4041
0.3845
0.3427
0.3517
0.3356
0.2941
0.3065
0.2138
0.2165
0.2336
0.1327
0.1595
0.1788
AVERAGE
RMSE

MR exp- (MR exp- MR exp- (MRexpMR

MR
MR
MR
model1 model1)^2 model 2 model2)^2
0.0009
0.0000
0.0009
0.0000
-0.0234
0.0005
-0.0069
0.0000
-0.0258
0.0007
-0.0101
0.0001
-0.0119
0.0001
-0.0007
0.0000
0.0103
0.0001
0.0159
0.0003
0.0202
0.0004
0.0203
0.0004
0.0210
0.0004
0.0162
0.0003
0.0419
0.0018
0.0329
0.0011
0.0416
0.0017
0.0291
0.0008
-0.0027
0.0000
-0.0198
0.0004
-0.0267
0.0007
-0.0461
0.0021
0.0006
0.0005
0.0243
0.0224

Drying at 80

Time (hr)
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5

MR exp
1.0009
0.6220
0.3505
0.2311
0.1662
0.1087

MR
MRModel-1 Model-2
1.0000
1.0000
0.6322
0.6055
0.3997
0.3811
0.2527
0.2432
0.1598
0.1565
0.1010
0.1014
AVERAGE
RMSE

MR exp- (MR exp- MR exp- (MRexpMR

MR
MR
MR
model1 model1)^2 model 2 model2)^2
0.0009
0.0000
0.0009
0.0000
-0.0102
0.0001
0.0166
0.0003
-0.0492
0.0024
-0.0307
0.0009
-0.0216
0.0005
-0.0121
0.0001
0.0065
0.0000
0.0097
0.0001
0.0077
0.0001
0.0074
0.0001
0.0005
0.0003
0.0227
0.0159

Table B.5 Data of k-value at different temperature were used for simple log model
Temperature (oC)
1/T
k
k 55
55
0.018
0.238
k 85
85
0.012
0.799

Table B.6 Data of k-value at different temperature were used for modified log model
Temperature (oC)
1/T
ln k
k
k 55
55
0.018
-1.500
0.223
k 85
85
0.012
-0.130
0.878

Table B.7 Data of n-value at different temperature were used for modified log model
Temperature (oC)
T
n
k 55
55
55
0.988 Note: since n-value from equatio is very small,
k 85
85
85
0.943 so that n value taken from real condition at 50 and 80oC
Table B.8

Time (hr)
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4

Comparison of MC between Model 1 and 2 at drying temperature 55oC and 85 oC

Drying at 55oC
(MC expMC
MCMCexp-MC
MC
MC exp- (MC exp-MC
Model-1 Model-2
model1
model1)^2 MC model 2 model2)^2
MC exp
0.1520
0.1520
0.1520
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0877
0.1431
0.1436
-0.0555
0.0031
-0.0559
0.0031
0.0555
0.1353
0.1362
-0.0797
0.0064
-0.0806
0.0065
0.0388
0.1283
0.1296
-0.0894
0.0080
-0.0907
0.0082
0.0293
0.1221
0.1237
-0.0928
0.0086
-0.0944
0.0089
0.0219
0.1165
0.1184
-0.0946
0.0090
-0.0965
0.0093
0.0167
0.1116
0.1137
-0.0949
0.0090
-0.0970
0.0094
0.0121
0.1073
0.1095
-0.0952
0.0091
-0.0974
0.0095
0.0096
0.1034
0.1057
-0.0938
0.0088
-0.0961
0.0092
AVERAGE
0.0069
0.0071
RMSE
0.0829
0.0845
Drying at 85oC

Time (hr)
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4

Model 1
Model 2

MC exp
0.1520
0.1479
0.0782
0.0337
0.0169
0.0083
0.0056
0.0033
0.0023

MC
MCModel-1 Model-2
0.1520
0.1520
0.1158
0.1118
0.0916
0.0879
0.0753
0.0725
0.0644
0.0625
0.0571
0.0559
0.0522
0.0515
0.0489
0.0485
0.0467
0.0465
AVERAGE
RMSE

: Simple Log Model

: Modified Log Model

MCexp-MC
model1
0.0000
0.0320
-0.0134
-0.0417
-0.0476
-0.0488
-0.0467
-0.0457
-0.0444

(MC expMC
model1)^2
0.0000
0.0010
0.0002
0.0017
0.0023
0.0024
0.0022
0.0021
0.0020
0.0015
0.0392

MC exp- (MC exp-MC

MC model 2 model2)^2
0.0000
0.0000
0.0361
0.0013
-0.0097
0.0001
-0.0389
0.0015
-0.0456
0.0021
-0.0476
0.0023
-0.0459
0.0021
-0.0453
0.0020
-0.0442
0.0020
0.0015
0.0385

50 and 80oC