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Defines
• Media type
EIA/TIA232
Ethernet
• Connector type
802.3
Physical
V.35
• Signaling type
10Base2—Thin Ethernet
10Base5—Thick Ethernet
Host
Hub
10BaseT—Twisted Pair
Hosts
Physical
A B C D
• All devices in the same collision domain
• All devices in the same broadcast domain
• Devices share the same bandwidth
© 2000, Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.com ICND v1.0a—23
Hubs: One Collision Domain
• More end stations means
more collisions
• CSMA/CD is used
Frame Relay
802.2
Data Link
• Higher layer protocol
HDLC
(Service Access Point)
associated with frame
Ethernet
• Network topology 802.3
Physical EIA/TIA232
• Frame sequencing v.35
• Flow control
• Connectionoriented
or connectionless
© 2000, Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.com ICND v1.0a—25
Data Link Layer Functions (cont.)
MAC Layer 802.3
# Bytes 8 6 6 2 Variable 4
Preamble Dest add Source add Length Data FCS
Ethernet II
uses “Type”
0000.0C xx.xxxx here and
does not use
IEEE assigned Vendor 802.2.
assigned
MAC Address
OR 802.2 (SAP)
# Bytes 1 1 1 or 2 Variable
Dest Source
Ctrl Data
SAP SAP
MAC Layer 802.3
© 2000, Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.com ICND v1.0a—27
Switches and Bridges Operate
at Data Link Layer
Data Link
1 2 3 4 OR 1 2
• Each segment has its own collision domain
• All segments are in the same broadcast domain
© 2000, Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.com ICND v1.0a—28
Switches
Switch
Memory
• Each segment has its
own collision domain
• Broadcasts are
forwarded to all
segments
• Defines logical
Network
source and IP, IPX
destination
addresses
Frame Relay
associated with a 802.2
Data Link
HDLC
specific protocol
Ethernet
• Defines paths
through network 802.3
Physical
EIA/TIA232
• Interconnects v.35
multiple data links
© 2000, Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.com ICND v1.0a—210
Network Layer Functions (cont.)
Network Layer End Station Packet
Source Destination
IP Header Data
address address
Logical
Address
172.15.1.1
Network Node
Address Mask
172.16.122.204 255.255.0.0
172 16 122 204
Binary
Address
10101100 00010000 01111010 11001100
255 255 0 0
Binary
Mask
11111111 11111111 00000000 00000000
Network Host
2.1 2.2
1.3 4.3
1.2 4.2
E0 S0 S0 E0
Routing Table Routing Table
NET INT Metric NET INT Metric
1 E0 0 1 S0 1
2 S0 0 2 S0 0
4 S0 1 4 E0 0
• Logical addressing allows for hierarchical network
• Configuration required
• Uses configured information to identify paths to networks
© 2000, Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.com ICND v1.0a—213
Routers: Operate at the
Network Layer
• Broadcast control
• Multicast control
• Optimal path
determination
• Traffic management
• Logical addressing
• Connects to WAN
services
Mobile User
Branch Office
Main Office
Internet
• Distinguishes between
upper layer applications
• Establishes endtoend
Transport
connectivity between TCP UDP SPX
applications
• Defines flow control
Network
IP IPX
• Provides reliable or
unreliable services for
data transfer
Sender Receiver
Synchronize
Acknowledge, Synchronize
Acknowledge
Connection Established
Data Transfer
(Send Segments)
Collision Domains:
1 4 4 4
Broadcast Domains:
1 1 1 4
Core Layer
Distribution
Layer
Access
Layer
• First select WAN
technology solutions
based on the following:
Cost per
Modem/ISDN
Month
– Availability of service
– Bandwidth requirement Leased Line, T1
Frame Relay
– Cost
• Second, choose products
0 Usage
that support selected WAN
solutions
64
ISDN, Voice
56 Frame Relay
19.2 Web Browsing
New Modem
9.6
EMail, File Transfer
4.8
Old Modem Telnet
Determine applications that you want to run
© 2000, Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.com ICND v1.0a—222
Cisco Hub Products
Selection Issues: Cisco
FastHub400
• Need for 10 Mbps or 100 Mbps on media
Cisco
• Port density FastHub300
Cisco
• Need for management console FastHub200
• Easy Operations Cisco
FastHub100
Cisco 1528
Micro Hub 10/100
Cisco 1500
Micro Hub
Home Office Solutions
© 2000, Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.com ICND v1.0a—226
Do Not Delete—Overflow Text
on Notes Page
Use the product selection tool to
select Cisco Equipment
© 2000, Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.com ICND v1.0a—228
Summary
After completing this chapter, you should
be able to perform the following tasks:
• Describe how data moves through a network
• Identify the roles and functions of routers,
switches and hubs, and specify where each
device best fits in the network
• Select the appropriate Cisco equipment for a
network that combines switching, routing and
remote access requirements
1. What are some of the advantages of
using the OSI model in a networking
environment?
2. Describe the encapsulation process.
3. How many broadcast and collision
domains are on a hub?