Motor Control Reference Guide

Motor control Reference Guide
Content
Introduction......................................................................3 Brushed DC motors..........................................................4 Single-phase AC induction motors.................................9 Steppe motors................................................................15 Switched reluctance motors..........................................19 3-phase brushless motors..............................................23 Universal motors.............................................................32 Power factor correctors..................................................36 Microcontrollers..............................................................40 Signal conditioning........................................................46
Introduction
STs commitment to motor control reinforces the green revolution

In line with the green revolution, electric motor control is moving very quickly in the direction of higher efficiency for motors and drives. Moreover, an increased level of integration at optimum cost is required to support market penetration of the new technologies, as well as higher safety and better reliability. ST has been committed to electric motor control for more than 20 years and was among the first to recognize todays trends. ST is accompanying the change with a set of innovations such as integrated intelligent power modules and monolithic motor drivers, fast and efficient power switches, voltage-transient protected Triacs, and powerful and safe microcontrollers. Whatever motor technology you use, from traditional and rugged ones to the most modern and efficient, this reference guide will help you identify the right electronic devices from ST.
Stay up-to-date
For more information and up-todate material, visit motor control application page on STs website at http://www.st.com/motorcontrol
Brushed DC motors
Overview
A brushed DC motor is an internally-commutated electric motor designed to be run from a direct current power source. Traditionally used in many low-voltage applications, especially where these are powered by batteries, their power can range from a few watts to several horsepower. When only one direction of rotation is needed, a singleUser interface switch topology with PWM M modulation can be used to vary the voltage applied to the motor and thus to control its speed. When positioning is required or Control unit when both directions of rotation Driver are needed (car windows, for instance) a full H-bridge with Current Sensor and PWM control is used. sensing Power signal At lower power levels, ST can supply conditioning offer a wide set of monolithic motor drivers which, with a Single switch topology progressive choice of integrated features, may embed gate drivers, power transistors, protection functions and even DC-DC converters. For higher powers, STs portfolio includes discrete MOSFETs and IGBTs and high-voltage gate drivers to implement the required H bridge. A general-purpose 8-bit microcontroller such as the STM8S can be used to implement these drives1.
Sensor and signal conditioning M User interface Bus transceiver Control unit
Motor driver
Driver
Driver
Power supply
Sensor and signal conditioning Full bridge topology
Current sensing
Note: 1. Refer to microcontroller chapter on page 40 for more information about suitable part numbers.
Monolithic motor driver ICs

STs set of DC motor drivers combine the control logic and power stage in one chip, featuring reliable and cost-effective solutions. The powerSPIN family addresses stepper, DC and BLDC motors. The family includes the L62x5 and L62x6 that integrate power MOSFETs and gate drivers in one chip, together with a full set of protection functions to reduce the BOM, up to L62x7 that includes PWM current control. Its four integrated H bridges make flexSPIN (L6460) the best choice for multiple motor systems. With a high level of configurability via the SPI, the four H bridges can be used to drive either DC motors or stepper motors, or used as a DC-DC converter.
Key features
Multi-package options to deal with both space constraints and thermal requirements,
including small QFN and the powerSO featuring 1C/W Rthj-c
Extensive set of tools to simplify development Extensive diagnostic capability Robust and fully embedded protection functions to reduce the number of external
components, the cost and the complexity
Wide operating voltage, current and temperature ranges
Part number L29*, L2293Q L6201, L6202, L6203 L6205, L6225 L6206, L6226 L6207, L6227 L6460
Description Basic functionality drivers DMOS full bridge drivers Dual full bridge drivers Dual full bridge drivers Dual full bridge drivers with PWM current controller SPI configurable stepper and DC multi motor driver
Supply voltage Continuous max min-max (V) output current (A) 2.8 to 36 12 to 48 8 to 52 8 to 52 8 to 52 13 to 38 Up to 2 Up to 10 Up to 2.8 Up to 2.8 Up to 2.8 2.5
Protections Thermal Thermal Thermal, overcurrent, undervoltage Thermal, programmable overcurrent, undervoltage Thermal, programmable overcurrent, undervoltage Thermal, overcurrent, undervoltage
Package VFQFPN32, PowerDIP16, SO20, MW15L, PowerSO20 PowerSO20, SO20, PowerDIP18, MW11L PowerDIP20, PowerSO20, SO20 QFN48, PowerDIP24, PowerSO36, SO24 QFN48, PowerDIP24, PowerSO36, SO24 TQFP64
Power switches
Power MOSFETs Specifically for DC brushed motors, STs MOSFET portfolio offers a broad range of breakdown voltages up to 250 V, with low gate charge and low on-resistance combined with excellent source-drain diode performance for reduced power losses. Additionally, the high avalanche ruggedness and the embedded zener diodes for gate-source and gate-drain clamping make the device rugged and reliable. TO-220 H2PAK DPAK PowerFLAT 5x6
Key features
Very low on-resistance High avalanche ruggedness High current capability Low thermal resistance Low Qrr and right softness for
bridge configuration
2.7 m 100 V STP310N10F7
2.2 m 80 V STH270N8F7-2
3 m 30 V STD155N3H6
21/36 m 30 V STL40C30H3LL
Simplifies driving stage for
P-channel FETs (no bootstrap circuitry)
Part number ST*155N3H6 ST*95N3LLH6
Polarity N-channel N-channel N-channel N-channel N-channel N-channel N-channel N-channel N-channel P-channel N-channel and P-channel N-channel and P-channel
BVDss 30 30 33 33 33 40 55 80 100 60 30 30
RDS(on)max @ 10 V (m) 3 4.2 4.2 6 10 3.2 5.2 2.2 2.7 180 21/36 21/36
Drain current (ID) max (A) 80 80 120 80 80 120 110 180 180 10 8/6 40/30
Package DPAK/D2PAK DPAK/D2PAK/IPAK/TO-220 TO-220 TO-220 TO-220 TO-220/H2PAK TO-220 TO-220/H2PAK TO-220/H2PAK DPAK/TO-220 SO-8 PowerFLAT 5X6
Note
STP180NS04ZC STP90NS04ZC STP70NS04ZC ST*160N4LF6 STP110N55F6 ST*270N8F7 ST*310N10F7 STP10P6F6 STS8C6H3LL STL40C30H3LL
Fully clamped Fully clamped Fully clamped
Complementary pair Complementary pair
Gate drivers for MOSFETs and IGBTs STs power MOSFET and IGBT drivers include integrated half-bridge, and single and multiple low-side gate drivers. STs MOSFET/IGBT drivers provide state-of-the-art integration, reducing BOM cost and final application dimensions, while also increasing robustness and noise immunity. The L638xE and the brand new smartDRIVE L639x are the two high-voltage half-bridge gate driver families that are leading the industrial market, from home appliances to HVAC systems, from pumps and fans to factory automation. The TD35x and TD2xx families complete STs gate driver offer and feature single-channel drivers. In particular, the TD350E is an innovative gate driver where control and protection functions are included and allows the design of high-reliability systems. The innovative active Miller clamp function eliminates the need for negative gate drive in most applications and allows the use of a simple bootstrap supply for the high-side driver. Performance Advanced gate drivers L639x smartDRIVE Gate drivers L638xE TD35x 0.4 A - easy sensorless vector control for 3-phase PM or induction motors
Key features
Half-bridge, single channel and State-of-the-art integration
HV
multichannel gate drivers available
thanks to: bootstrap diode Op amp Comparator Smart shutdown Undervoltage lock out (UVLO) Programmable deadtime
Integration
Part number
Logic interface Input configuration Input configuration
VCC max (V)
UVLO on VCC (V)
UVLO on VBOOT (V)
Interlocking - DT (s)
Op Amp
Comparator
# pins
7
0.5 to 2.7 Interlocking 0.32 0.18 to 3 0.18 to 3 0.18 3 0.18 3 0.32 No No No No No Yes No Yes No No No No No Yes, uncommitted No No Yes, committed to fault + SSD Committed to fault + SSD No Yes, uncommitted No No 8 8 14 8 8 16 14 14 14 8 8
Half-bridge drivers L6384E L6385E L6386E L6386AD L6387E L6388E L6390 L6391 L6392 L6393 L63951 L6398 Single in, SD HIN and LIN HIN, LIN, SD HIN and LIN HIN and LIN HIN, LIN, SD HIN, LIN, SD HIN, LIN, SD Phase, brake, SD HIN and LIN HIN and LIN 5, 15 V 5, 15 V 5, 15 V 5, 15 V 3.3, 5, 15 V 3.3, 5, 15 V 3.3, 5, 15 V 3.3, 5, 15 V 3.3, 5, 15 V 3.3, 5, 15 V 3.3, 5, 15 V 18 18 18 18 18 21 21 21 21 20 21 10 / 12 8.3 / 9.6 10 / 12 8.3 / 9.6 5.5 / 6 8.3 / 9.6 10.5 / 12 10.5 / 12 10.5 / 12 8.0 / 9.5 8.8 / 9.5 8.0 / 9.5 8.2 / 9.5 9.9 / 11.9 8.2 / 9.5 8.2 / 9.5 10 / 11.5 10 / 11.5 10 / 11.5 8/9 8 / 8.6 8/9
Single-channel drivers TD350 TD351 TD352 Single in (opto/pulse trans compatible) Single in (opto/pulse trans compatible) Single in opto compatible) 5V 5V 5V 26 26 26 11 11 11 No No No No No 14 8 8
Evaluation tools
ST proposes a wide range of evaluation boards that may be used to perform a comprehensive evaluation of STs products and solutions while reducing your development time.
Order code EVAL6205N EVAL6206Q EVAL6207N EVAL6225PD EVAL6226QR EVAL6227PD EVAL6393FB Description L6205 DMOS dual full-bridge driver evaluation board L6206 DMOS dual full-bridge driver evaluation board L6207 DMOS dual full-bridge driver with PWM current controller evaluation board L6225 DMOS dual full-bridge driver evaluation board Demonstration board using dual full-bridge L6226Q L6227 DMOS dual full-bridge driver with PWM current controller evaluation board Low-voltage full-bridge evaluation board Technical documentation AN1762, AN1794 DB1612 AN1762, AN1794 AN1794 AN2758 AN1794 DB1778
Single-phase AC induction
Overview
STs long experience in the field of motor control enables us to propose, for the control of single-phase induction motors, a mix of innovative products, new topologies and state-of-art and rugged devices such as Triacs and thyristors, where ST is the well-recognized worldwide leader. One of the simplest ways to vary the speed of a single-phase induction motor is to change the mains voltage applied to the motor through an AC switch (phase-control).
Current sensing
Umot (motor voltage)
User interface
Sensor and signal conditioning
Imot (motor current)
Control unit
Driver
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t Torque Voltage increase
Load
Power supply
Zero crossing detection Phase control drive
Speed
Despite its simplicity, the phase-control drive may lead to torque ripple and thus acoustic noise. These problems may be solved using STs new proprietary topology delivering a silent and cost-effective drive. The speed is again controlled by the motor voltage; the power switch runs in PWM mode and adjusting the duty cycle according to the required torque enables speed regulation.
Umot
M
Duty cycle Imot t
User interface
Galvanic isolation Driver
Control unit Driver
Duty cycle increase
Power supply
Sensor and signal conditioning High-frequency AC chopping drive
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On the other hand, if your permanent-split capacitor (PSC) single-phase induction motor drive requires high performances in terms of efficiency, quietness and dynamic response, removing the capacitor and connecting the three motor terminals to a 3-phase inverter bridge enables a real variable frequency drive (VFD). The 3-phase motor section on page 24 gives more information about STs innovative products for 3-phase inverter topology. A general-purpose 8-bit microcontroller such as the STM8S can generally be used to carry out the entire speed control algorithm1.
Intelligent Power Modules
Current sensing
Power supply User interface Bus transceiver
Driver
Driver
Driver
Control unit
PSC single-phase induction motor can be driven by three-phase
Note: 1. Refer to microcontroller chapter on page 40 for more information about suitable part numbers.
Key Products TRIAC, ACS and ACST Families

ST offers a complete range of thyristors and AC switches with voltage ratings up to 1200 V, current ratings up to 100 A and a set of packages from miniature surface-mounted packages to high power dissipation isolated and non-isolated packages. The latest extension to the AC switch range features the SMB-Flat package, which is smaller than SOT-223 and is aimed at the 0.8 A device range. The PCB can be designed so that SMB-Flat and SOT-223 packages are fully interchangeable for increased production flexibility. Triacs STs portfolio of Triacs includes devices with voltage ratings up to 800 V and RMS on-currents up to 40 A in general-purpose standard configurations, a new high commutation T series in Snubberless technology, and 3-quadrant high-temperature Triacs (H series) for use in harsh environments. They are the reference for universal and induction motor drivers in appliance applications where, due to their ability to manage the stringent inrush conditions when driving inductive loads, they can switch off three times their rating current.
Key features
Robustness and reliability Wide voltage and current ranges Rich portfolio:
Standard Triacs Snubberless High-temperature T
with enhanced switch-off capability, for inductive loads series for hot environments
Part number T435T-600FP T635T*1 T series T8T T12T T16T

Note: 1. Available Q3 2013
Packages TO220ABFP
Current rating (ARMS) 6 8
Non repetitive surge peak on-state current (A) 30 45 60 90 120
Repetitive off-state voltage (V)
Operating Tj max (C)
IGATE (mA)
11
35
TO-220AB-Insulated 2500 V; TO-220AB-FP1; TO-220AB1
12 16 6
600/8001
125/1501
10, logic level, 3Q 20/35, Snubberless, 3Q 25, standard, 4Q
Part number T410H T610H T8**H High-temperature Triacs T10**H T12**H T16**H T20**H T30**H
Packages TO220 TO220
Non repetitive Current rating surge peak on-state (ARMS) current (A) 4 6 8 10 40 60 80 100 120 160 200 270
VDRM - VRRM (V)
IGATE (mA) 10 10 10 35 50
TO220, D2PAK, TO-220I
600
150
12 16 20
35 50
TO220, TO-220I
30
ACS and ACST Using innovative ASD application-specific device technology, STs ACS and ACST devices are specific switches developed for home appliances and industrial control applications. While maintaining very high switch-off capability, logic-level devices allow direct drive by a microcontroller. With integrated overvoltage protection against random transients, no external MOV protection is needed, providing system safety and transient and surge voltage immunity as defined in the IEC 61000-4-4 and -4-5 standards. The ACST series now extends from 2 A to 16 A, housed in TO-220AB and TO-220FP packages, and the ACS series is also extended to 800 V with a lower gate triggering sensitivity of 5 mA.
Key features
High switch off capability Low gate current for direct
connection to MCU
Internally protected, no need of
external circuitry to meet IEC 61000-4-4 and -4-5 standards
Part number ACST2 ACST4 ACST6 ACST8 ACST10 ACST12 ACST1635-8FP ACS302-6T1 ACS102-6T ACS108
Current rating (ARMS) 2 4 6 8 10 12 16 0.2 0.2 0.8 1 2
Non repetitive surge peak on-state current (A) 8 30 45 80 100 120 140 7.3 7.3 13.7 8 20
IGATE (mA) 10
Packages DPAK, TO220FPAB DPAK, TO220FPAB D2PAK, TO220AB, TO220FPAB D2PAK, TO220AB, TO220FPAB TO220AB, TO220FPAB D2PAK, TO220AB TO220FPAB SO20 SO8, TO92 SOT223, TO92 SOT223 DPAK, TO220AB, TO220FPAB
800
125
10, 35 10 30
700 700 800 600 600 800 700 700
125 125 150 125 125 125 125 125
10, 35 10, 35 35 5 5 10 10 10
12
ACS110 ACS120
Power control, monitoring drivers The STCC08 drives the AC switch and sends diagnostic data to the MCU in case of switch failure (short and open circuit, diode mode). It helps the whole appliance meet the IEC 60335-1 safety standard. Neutral ACS108 Gate driver 3.3 V to 5 V
IN Vcc
RIG STCC08 RSHUNT Load SW Line RAC Vcc AC Power switch signal shaping AVF driver AVF GND
Control unit Vcc
IGBTs With 600 V breakdown voltages, STs IGBTs feature the optimal trade-off between switching performance and on-state behavior due to their proprietary technology, leading to all-round energy-efficient system designs in many applications. In particular, thanks to the negative temperature derating of Vce(sat), the H and K IGBT families are specifically tailored for low-loss motor drive. IGBT products without free-wheeling diodes are mostly recommended for high-frequency AC chopping drive topology.
Key features
Low VCE(SAT) for reduced
conduction losses
Short-circuit rugged Co-packaged tailored anti-parallel
diode option for improved power dissipation and best thermal management derating of VCE(SAT)
Negative temperature Several package options
Part number STG*10NC60H STG*10NC60K STG*7NC60H STG*14NC60K STG*19NC60H STG*19NC60K STG*20NC60V STG*30NC60K STG*40NC60V
Collector current max @ 100 C (A) 10 10 14 14 19 20 30 30 50
VCE(SAT) @ Tj = 125 C (V) 1.7 1.8 1.7 1.8 1.6 1.8 1.7 1.9 1.7
Collector emitter voltage max (V) 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600
Short-circuit rugged No Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes No
Packages D2PAK, DPAK, TO220FP, TO220 D2PAK, DPAK, TO220FP, TO220 D2PAK, DPAK, TO220FP, TO220 D2PAK, DPAK, TO220FP, TO220 D2PAK, TO220FP, TO220, TO247 D2PAK, TO220FP, TO220 D2PAK, TO220, TO247 TO247 Max247
13
Diodes and rectifiers STs ultrafast diodes range from 300 V to 1200 V with various VF/TRR and QRR/S factor tradeoffs so as to achieve the best performance for any application, including high-frequency AC chopping topology for single-phase AC induction motors. The Turboswitch diodes feature ultra-fast recovery while maintaining a low drop voltage. They significantly cut losses in both the diode and the transistor at turn-on. All ST products are rated up to 175 C operating junction temperature, as a result of the reduced leakage currents. Low-profile PowerFLAT packages are also available.
Key features
Wide voltage range
from 300 V to 1200 V
Up to 200 A current range L ow-profile PowerFLAT packages Different VF/TRR trade-offs 175 C operating junction
available in different packages temperature
Part number 300 V ultrafast rectifiers 400 V ultrafast rectifiers STTH8R03 STTH8R03DJF STTH30R03 STTH8R04 STTH20R04 STTH30R04 STTH5R06 STTH5R06DJF STTH8R06 STTH12R06 STTH15R06 STTH30R06
Average rectified current max (A) 8 8 30 8 20 30 5 5 8 12 15 30
Forward voltage max (@ IF) spec (V) 1.8 1 1.4 1.5 1.7 1.45 2.9 1.2 2.9 2.9 2.9 1.85
Reverse1 recovery charges (Qrr) typ (nC) 60 120 63 148 225 525 110 180 150 180 220 1000
S factor typ 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.35 0.5 0.3 0.2 0.15 0.37
Package TO-220AC PowerFLAT 5 x 6 D2PAK, TO-247 D2PAK, TO-220AC, TO-220AC Ins D2PAK, TO-220AC, DO-247, TO-220FPAC D2PAK, TO-220AC, DO-247, DOP3 Ins D2PAK, TO-220AC, DPAK, TO-220FPAC PowerFLAT 5 x 6 D2PAK, TO-220AC, TO-220AC Ins, I2PAK, TO-220FPAC D2PAK, TO-220AC TO-220AC, TO-220FPAC DO-247, DOP3 Ins
600 V ultrafast rectifiers
Note: 1. See datasheet for testing conditions.
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Evaluation tools
ST proposes a wide range of evaluation boards for comprehensive evaluation of STs products and solutions while reducing your development time.
Order code STEVAL-IHT001v2 STEVAL-IHT007V1 STEVAL-IHM029v1 STEVAL-IHM041v1 Description Cold thermostat kit based on AC switches and the STM8S Extension board with ACS for STM8S-Discovery kit Universal motor control evaluation board Universal motor driver with speed control based on the STM8 and Triac (US version) Technical documentation UM1542 UM1494 UM0922 UM1559
STEVAL_IHT001v2
Key features
Up to 15% higher fridge efficiency
USB
thanks to digital and programmable temperature control versus traditional electromechanical thermostat sealing
Spark-free thermostat needing no Optimized BOM and cost
5% - 15% more energy efficient
Robust and rugged solution

Up
to 3.1 kV during IEC 61000-4-4 standard tests with perfect operation with embedded application
PC interface SW for communication
Stepper motors
Overview
Stepper motors are widely used in holding and positioning applications in the computer, security, automation and industrial fields. Depending on the number of phases, the winding arrangement and the required level of motion smoothness, several types of stepper motor drives can be used. ST exhaustively supports all these configurations with both monolithic motor driver ICs (embedding digital controllers, power devices and protection functions) and, for higher power, with a controller plus discrete MOSFETs.
Unipolar stepper motor drive

In unipolar stepper motors, stator windings share a common terminal; the free terminal of each winding is connected to a separate power switch and the current is allowed to flow in one direction through the motor windings. Diodes are used to clamp the voltage across the switches at turn-off.
M Transistor array
15
Power supply User interface
Driver
Driver
Driver
Driver
Control unit Bus transceiver Unipolar stepper motor drive
Bipolar stepper motor drive

In bipolar stepper motors, current can flow in both directions; a full-bridge converter is required to drive each of the two windings of a 2-phase motor. During motion, the type of electronic control (full step, half step, microstepping) and the resulting phase current waveform impact the vibration level, the acoustic noise, motion smoothness and sensitivity to resonances. Low voltage monolithic motor driver
Half step
Sensing and HW protections
Stator flux
Motor current Simpler and cheaper -stepping
Motor controller
Gate drivers Gate drivers
Gate drivers Gate drivers
Motor driver control unit User interface Bus transceiver

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Stator flux Application control unit Bipolar stepper motor drive Power supply
Motor current
Smoother and higher resolution
Key Products Monolithic motor driver ICs

cSPIN and dSPIN A quantum leap in microstepping innovation, dSPIN (L6470/2) and cSPIN (L6480/2) substitute expensive DSP, analog and power components with a single IC. The digital motion engine integrated in these drivers only requires simple commands through the SPI from the system microcontroller to set acceleration, deceleration, speed and target position and to command the movements. The innovative voltage-mode microstepping technique on the L6470 and L6480 achieves up to 128 microsteps with extreme smoothness, reducing noise and vibration, while the predictive algorithm and the adaptive decay technique available on the L6472 and L6482 achieve high accuracy and smoothness with the traditional current-control technique. cSPIN integrates a dual full-bridge gate driver for up to 8 external MOSFETs, thus featuring a scalable solution for different application ratings up to 85 V buses.
Key features
Digital motion engine to eliminate expensive DSP Voltage mode for impressive smoothness Adaptive decay and predictive current control for extreme accuracy Great evaluation tools for ease-of-design like never before in microstepping
easySPIN easySPIN L6474 is a motor driver featuring up to 16 microstep resolution. It uses an adaptive decay control that outperforms traditional implementations, reducing the current ripple and increasing the resolution. The easy step-clock and direction control through direct pins and the configurability through SPI with no need for external components simplify the BOM for cost effectiveness. The embedded current DAC provides internal control with no need for external shunts, so reducing the system dissipation and allowing a smaller board.
Key features
Adaptive decay control for higher SPI configurability Non-dissipative current sensing
resolution and lower current ripple
powerSPIN The powerSPIN family offers over 30 different parts for stepper, DC and BLDC motors covering all design needs. The simplest powerSPIN solution (L62x5 and L62x6) integrates the power stage array and gate driver in a single chip with a full set of non-dissipative protection features, making the BOM highly competitive. The advanced L62x7 adds PWM current control and the L62x8 adds the decoding logic for the stepper. The MCU implements motion profiles, generates the precise timing required and drives the motor. This solution is ideal where compactness and configurability are needed at the same time; powerSPIN reduces the number of external components needed, while the STM32s computational power and flexible firmware approach make the solution scalable.
Key features
Scalable products Suitable for budgetary -stepping
17
Part number L6205, L6225 L6206, L6226 L6207, L6227 L6208, L6228 L6470, L6472 L6480, L6482 L6474
Description powerSPIN: dual full-bridge driver powerSPIN: dual full-bridge driver powerSPIN: dual full-bridge driver with PWM current-controller powerSPIN: SPI configurable stepper and DC multi motor driver dSPIN: fully-integrated microstepping motor driver with motion engine and SPI cSPIN: fully-integrated microstepping motor controller with motion engine and SPI easySPIN: fully-integrated microstepping motor driver
Supply voltage range min-max (V) 8 to 52 8 to 52 8 to 52 13 to 38 8 to 45 7.5 to 85 8 to 45
Continuous max output current (A) Up to 2.8 Up to 2.8 Up to 2.8 2.5 3 3
Package PowerDIP20, PowerSO20, SO20 QFN48, PowerDIP24, PowerSO36, SO24 QFN48, PowerDIP24, PowerSO36, SO24 QFN48, PowerDIP24, PowerSO36, SO24, VFQFPN32 PowerSO36, HTSSOP28 HTSSOP38 PowerSO36, HTSSOP28
Power switches
Low-voltage power MOSFETs STs MOSFET portfolio provides a broad range of breakdown voltages up to 100 V, with low gate charge and low on-resistance, combined with state-of-the art packaging technology in chip scale form factor with a resulting higher power density, without compromising power dissipation. PowerFLAT 5x6 D.I. PowerFLAT 3.3x3.3
Key features
Very low on-resistance High avalanche ruggedness High current capability Low thermal resistance Thin and powerful package Low Qrr and right softness for
6.5 m 30 V STL65DN3LLH5
4.5 m 30 V STL17N3LLH6
Simplifies driving stage for
p-channel FETs (no bootstrap circuitry)
Part number STL17N3LLH6 STL65DN3LLH5
Polarity N-channel Dual N-channel Dual N-channel Dual N-channel
BVDSS (V) 30 30 30 100
RDS(on) max @ 10 V (m) 4.5 6.5 18 35
Drain current (ID) max (A) 17 19 11 7.8
Package PowerFLAT 3.3X3.3 PowerFLAT 5X6 D.I. PowerFLAT 5X6 D.I. PowerFLAT 5X6 D.I.
18
STL40DN3LLH5 STL8DN10LF3
Evaluation tools
ST proposes a wide range of evaluation boards for comprehensive evaluation of STs products and solutions while reducing your development time.
Order code EVAL6470H EVAL6472H EVAL6474H EVAL6480H EVAL6482H EVAL6460 EVAL6205N EVAL6206Q EVAL6207N EVAL6225PD EVAL6226QR EVAL6227PD Description Fully-integrated stepper motor voltage-mode driver based on L6470 Fully-integrated stepper motor current-mode driver based on the L6472 Fully-integrated stepper motor current-mode driver based on L6474 High-power microstepping motor driver with L6480H High-power microstepping motor driver with the L6482H FlexSPIN: SPI configurable stepper and DC multi motor driver evaluation board L6205 DMOS dual full-bridge driver evaluation board L6206 DMOS dual full-bridge driver evaluation board L6207 DMOS dual full-bridge driver with PWM current controller evaluation board L6225 DMOS dual full-bridge driver evaluation board Demonstration board using dual full-bridge L6226Q L6227 DMOS dual full-bridge driver with PWM current controller evaluation board Technical documentation DB1539 DB1597 DB1550 DB1755 DB1799 AN3097 AN1762, AN1794 DB1612 AN1762, AN1794 AN1794 AN2758 AN1794
Switched reluctance motors

Overview
Switched reluctance motors are mainly used in traction, industrial and automotive pumps and home appliances (vacuum cleaners and some washing machines). Their structure is similar to that of stepper motors but switched reluctance motors present many fewer magnetic poles. Despite of their simple structure, external electronic commutation is needed, and two topologies are mainly used for this purpose. The asymmetrical half-bridge PWM drive leverages the motors best features. An independent current loop is implemented for each motor phase so that some phase current overlap is possible to attain higher speeds. For the drive, 2 x n power switches are required (n being the number of motor phases). The simplified asymmetrical half-bridge PWM drive topology only requires n + 1 power switches and is well adapted to medium-speed operation. Specific products have been developed by ST to better address both of the above topologies.
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Current sensing
Power supply
Driver
Driver
Driver
User interface Control unit Bus transceiver Simplified asymmetrical half-bridge PWM drive
Current sensing
Power supply User interface
High side driver
High side driver
High side driver
High side driver
Control unit Bus transceiver Asymmetrical half-bridge PWM drive A general-purpose 8-bit microcontroller such as the STM8S can be generally used to drive a switched reluctance motor, although an entry-level STM32 may be more suited for higher performance1.
20
Key Products Power switches

IGBTs With breakdown up to 600 V, STs IGBTs feature the optimal trade-off between switching performance and on-state behavior Devices suitable for this kind of motor are tailored to the specific switching frequency of the application itself targeting both low (NC_S series) and high frequency (NC_H series).
Switching frequency Collector current max @ 100 C (A) 10 20 35 6 10 14 19 30
Key features
Low VCE(SAT) for reduced conduction losses Improved switch-off energy spread versus temperature for reduced switching losses Co-packaged tailored anti-parallel diode option for improved power dissipation and
best thermal management
Negative temperature derating of VCE(SAT) Several package options
Part number STG*10NC60S(D)
VCE(SAT) @ Tj = 125 C (V) 1.45 1.35 1.4 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.6 1.7
Collector emitter voltage max (V) 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600
Free-wheeling diode No (yes) No (yes) No Yes No (yes) No (yes) No (yes) No (yes)
Package DPAK, TO220FP, TO220 TO220 TO220, 3PF D2PAK, DPAK, TO220FP, TO220 D2PAK, DPAK, TO220FP, TO220 D2PAK, DPAK, TO220FP, TO220 D2PAK, TO220FP, TO220, TO247 D2PAK, TO220FP, TO220, TO247
Up to 5 kHz
STGP19NC60S(D) STG*30NC60S STG*6NC60HD STG*10NC60H(D)
Up to 20 kHz STG*7NC60H(D) STG*19NC60H(D) STG*20NC60V(D)
Note: 1. Refer to microcontroller section on page 40 for more information about suitable ST part numbers.
Gate drivers for IGBTs and MOSFETs STs power MOSFET and IGBT drivers include integrated half-bridge, single and multiple low-side gate drivers. STs MOSFET/IGBT drivers provide state-of-the-art integration, reducing BOM cost and final application dimensions, while also increasing robustness and noise immunity. The L638xE and the brand new smartDRIVE L639x are the two high-voltage half-bridge gate driver families that are leading the industrial market. In particular, thanks to their flexibility, the L6385 and L6395 devices enable any PWM pattern on the drivers inputs to be generated on the outputs (enabling simultaneous turn-on of high-side and low-side switches, for example) which makes them particularly suitable for switched reluctance motor driving topologies. The TD35x and TD2xx families complete the ST gate driver offer and feature single-channel drivers. In particular, the TD350E is an innovative gate driver where control and protection functions are included and allow the design of highly reliable systems. The innovative active Miller clamp function eliminates the need for negative gate drive in most applications and allows the use of a simple bootstrap supply for the high-side driver. Performance Advanced gate drivers L639x smartDRIVE Gate drivers L638xE TD35x 0.4 A - easy sensorless vector control for 3-phase PM or induction motors
Key features
Half-bridge, single-channel and
multichannel gate drivers
State-of-the-art integration
HV
thanks to: bootstrap diode Op amp Comparator Smart shutdown Undervoltage lock out (UVLO Programmable deadtime
Integration
21
Part number Logic interface Configuration Configuration VCC max (V) UVLO on VCC (V) UVLO on VBOOT (V) Interlocking - DT (s) Op amp Comparator # pins
Half-bridge drivers L6385E L6395 HIN and LIN HIN and LIN 5, 15 V 3.3, 5, 15 V 18 21 8.3 / 9.6 8.8 / 9.5 8.2 / 9.5 8 / 8.6 No No No No No No 8 8
Single-channel drivers TD350 TD351 TD352 Single in (opto/pulse trans compatible) Single in (opto/pulse trans compatible Single in (opto compatible) 5V 5V 5V 26 26 26 11 11 11 No No No No No No 14 8 8
Diodes and rectifiers STs ultrafast diodes range from 300 V to 1200 V with various VF/TRR and QRR/S factor tradeoffs so as to achieve the best performance for any application. Turboswitch diodes feature ultra-fast recovery while maintaining a low drop voltage. They significantly cut losses in both the diode and the transistor at turn-on. All ST products are rated up to 175 C operating junction temperature, as a result of the reduced leakage currents. Low-profile PowerFLAT package are also available.
Key features
Wide voltage range
from 300 V to 1200 V
Up to 200 A current range Low-profile PowerFLAT
packages
Different VF/TRR trade-offs available
in different packages
175 C operating junction
temperature
Part number 300 V ultrafast rectifiers STTH8R03 STTH8R03DJF STTH30R03 STTH8R04 STTH20R04 STTH30R04 STTH5R06
Average rectified current max (A) 8 8 30 8 20 30 5 5 8 12 15 30
Forward Voltage max (@ IF) spec (V) 1.8 1 1.4 1.5 1.7 1.45 2.9 1.2 2.9 2.9 2.9 1.85
Reverse1 recovery charges (Qrr) typ (nC) 60 120 63 148 225 525 110 180 150 180 220 1000
S factor typ 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.35 0.5 0.3 0.2 0.15 0.37
2
Package TO-220AC PowerFLAT 5 x 6 D2PAK, TO-247 D2PAK, TO-220AC, TO-220AC Ins D2PAK, TO-220AC, DO-247, TO-220FPAC D2PAK, TO-220AC, DO-247, DOP3 Ins D2PAK, TO-220AC, DPAK, TO-220FPAC PowerFLAT 5 x 6 D PAK, TO-220AC, TO-220AC Ins, I2PAK, TO-220FPAC D2PAK, TO-220AC TO-220AC, TO-220FPAC DO-247, DOP3 Ins
22
STTH5R06DJF STTH8R06 STTH12R06 STTH15R06 STTH30R06

Note: 1. See datasheet for testing conditions
3-phase brushless motors

Overview
Despite their different structures, all 3-phase AC induction motors (AC IM) and 3-phase permanent magnet motors (BLDC or PMSM or PMAC) are driven by a PWM-modulated 3-phase bridge (3 half bridges) so as to supply the motor with variable frequency and amplitude 3-phase voltages and currents. To give the greatest design freedom (for example, the selection of turn-on and turn-off power switch resistors), STs product portfolio supports a discrete-based approach for both high-voltage and lowvoltage applications with a wide package choice for discrete MOSFETs or IGBTs and related gate driver circuitry. For a highly-integrated configuration, the SLLIMM family of intelligent power modules integrates over 30 discrete and IC devices. This greatly simplifies the design and reduces the PCB size with consequent reduction of time-to-market and costs.
Integrated motor drive SLLIMM intelligent power module

23
M Sensor and signal conditioning Power supply Sensor and signal conditioning Gate drivers Gate drivers Gate drivers Sensing and HW protections
User interface Bus transceiver
Control unit
High voltage 3-phase brushless motor drive block diagram
Additionally, for the industrial automation market, the SPIMD20 is an integrated motor drive with real-time connectivity that enables brushless-motor manufacturers to create a proprietary motion control system. Finally, specifically for low-voltage PMSM and BLDC, ST can also offer a family of monolithic motor drivers that integrates digital intelligence, power devices and protection functions in a smart power IC. Depending on the required drive performance, either the entry-level STM8S or STM32 could be suited for the application1. Low voltage monolithic motor driver
M Sensor and signal conditioning Sensor and signal conditioning Gate drivers Gate drivers Gate drivers Sensing and HW protections
Speed feedback
Power supply
24
Motor driver control unit
User interface Control unit Bus transceiver Low voltage BLDC/PMSM application block diagram
Note: 1. Refer to microcontroller chapter on page 40 to find out more about STs offer for microcontrollers, HW and SW tools.
Key Products
SLLIMM intelligent power modules Reduce your design time, efforts and costs with STs portfolio of highly-integrated, high-efficiency power modules for flexible and robust designs ranging from tens of watts up to 3 kW. STs SLLIMM small low-loss intelligent molded module family of intelligent power modules combine IGBT power switches in a 3-phase IGBT inverter-bridge or half-bridge (single leg) configuration with freewheeling diodes, control ICs for gate driving, protection functions and other optional features in a single package, replacing more than 30 discrete devices. SLLIMM are available in the DBC-based SDIP package offering extremely low thermal resistance with optimum quality level and cost effectiveness or in the fully-molded 3.5 cm SLLIMM-nano package (NDIP) which is ideal for small, built-in motor applications up to 100 W in free air.
Bridge rectifier
Key features
Integrates up to 30 discrete
Gate driver Control unit Gate driver Gate driver NTC temperature monitoring
Half bridge Half bridge Half bridge M
devices to reduce design time and costs thermal resistance
DBC-based SDIP package for low Wide product portfolio covering
from tens of watts up to 3 kW
SLLIMM
Feedback
25
Part number STGIPN3H60A STGIPN3H60 (-H)1 STGIPS10K60A STGIPS10K60T (-H) STGIPS14K60T STGIPS14K60 STGIPL14K60 STGIPS20K60 STGIPL20K60
1
Voltage (V) 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600
Collector current (@ 25C) (A) 3 3 10 10 14 14 15 18 20
Pin count 26 26 25 25 25 25 38 25 38
NTC No No Yes Yes Yes No Yes No Yes
Shutdown (SD function) No Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Op amps for advanced current sensing (#) No Yes (1) No No No No Yes (3) No Yes (3)
Smart shutdown function No Yes No No No Yes Yes Yes Yes
Rth (max) (C/W) N/A N/A 3.8 3.8 3 3 2.8 2.4 2.2
Note: 1. (-H): version with both inputs active high drive, available Q22013
Monolithic motor driver ICs STs BLDC motor drivers combine the control logic and power stage on the same chip, providing reliable and cost-effective solutions to drive brushless DC motors. A full set of embedded hardware protection functions and the extensive diagnostic capability ensure a very robust motor drive, further reducing the number of external components, cost and complexity. The multiple package options together with the wide operating voltage, current and temperature ranges cover most application requirements, from board space constraints to thermally challenging environments. Easier development is ensured by reference designs, evaluation boards, and, in some cases, a development environment which includes thermal analysis. Features Hall sensor decoding logic & PWM Optimized for sensorless FOC L6234 PowerSO, SO, and DIP packages QFN package Integration L6230 L6230Q L6235 L6229 L6235Q L6229Q
Key features
Full set of protection functions and
extensive diagnostic capability for more robust and compact designs and temperature ranges
Wide operating voltage, current Multiple package options Easier development with reference
designs, evaluation boards, and, in some cases, thermal analysis
26
Part number L6229 L6230 L6234 L6235
Description PowerSPIN: DMOS driver for 3-phase brushless DC motors PowerSPIN: DMOS driver for 3-phase brushless DC motors PowerSPIN: DMOS driver for 3-phase brushless DC motors PowerSPIN: 3-phase brushless DC motor driver
Supply voltage min-max (V) 8 to 52 8 to 52 7 to 52 13 to 38
Continuous max output current (A) 1.4 1.4 2.8 2.5
Package PowerDIP24, PowerSO36, SO24 PowerSO36, VFQFPN32 5x5 PowerDIP20, PowerSO20 PowerDIP24, PowerSO36, SO24
Note
Optimized for sensorless FOC Optimized for sensorless FOC
Discrete Power switches

IGBTs With 600 V breakdown voltages, STs IGBTs feature the optimal trade-off between switching performance and on-state behavior due to their proprietary technology, leading to all-around energy-efficient system designs in many applications. In particular, the negative temperature derating of VCE(SAT) for the H and K IGBT families make them well suited for low-loss motor drivers. Furthermore, the K series provides the full shortcircuit ruggedness that this kind of application requires.
Key features
Low VCE(SAT) for reduced
conduction losses
Improved switch-off energy spread
versus temperature for reduced switching losses option for improved power dissipation and best thermal management VCE(SAT)
Co-packaged anti-parallel diode
Negative temperature derating of Several package options
Part number STGD3HF60HDT4 STG*6NC60HD STG*10NC60KD STG*14NC60KD STG*19NC60KD STG*30NC60KD STG*40NC60KD
Collector current max @ 100 C (A) 4.5 6 10 14 20 30 40
VCE(SAT) @ Tj = 125 C (V) 1.4 1.7 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.9 1.9
Collector emitter voltage max (V) 600 600 600 600 600 600 600
Short-circuit rugged No No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Free-wheeling diode Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

2
Package DPAK D PAK, DPAK, TO220FP, TO220 D2PAK, DPAK, TO220FP, TO220 D2PAK, TO220FP, TO220 D2PAK, TO220FP, TO220 TO247 TO247
27
Power MOSFETs STs MOSFET portfolio offers a broad range of breakdown voltages from 40 V to 550 V, with low gate charge and low on-resistance based on the low-voltage trench process and high-voltage planar process with ultra-fast diodes. TO220FP DPAK H2PAK
Key features
Up to 550 V breakdown voltage Wide package options Low-voltage state-of-the-art
on-resistance
Intrinsic fast body diode option Very low on-resistance
800 m 500 V STF12N50U
1500 m 525 V STD5N52U
2.2 m 80 V STH270N8F7-2
Dynamic dv/dt ruggedness High current capability Correct Crss/Ciss capacitive ratio
and Vth average value
Low thermal resistance Thin and powerful package Low Qrr and right softness for
28
Part number ST*270N4F3 ST*80N4F6 STP80N70F4 ST*160N75F3 ST*270N8F7 ST*310N10F7 STF12N50U ST*5N52U STF16N50U
BVDSS 40 40 68 75 80 100 500 525 500
RDS(on) max @ 10 V (m) 2 6 9.8 3.7 2.2 2.7 800 1500 470
Drain current (ID) max (A) 160 80 85 120 180 180 10 4.4 15
Qrr (C) 225 N/A 130 150 N/A 200 182 95 280
Trr (ns) 70 N/A 55 70 N/A 85 73 55 85
Package DPAK, H2PAK, I2PAK, PowerSO10 DPAK, I2PAK TO-220 TO-220, TO247, D2PAK TO-220/H2PAK TO-220/H2PAK TO-220FP DPAK, TO-220FP, I2PAK TO-220FP
Gate drivers for MOSFETs and IGBTs STs power MOSFET and IGBT drivers include integrated half-bridge, single and multiple low-side gate drivers. STs MOSFET/IGBT drivers provide state-of-the-art integration, reducing BOM cost and final application dimensions, while also increasing robustness and noise immunity. The L638xE and the brand new smartDRIVE L639x are the two high-voltage half-bridge gate driver families that are leading the industrial market, from home appliances to HVAC systems, from pumps and fans to factory automation. The TD35x and TD2xx families complete the ST gate driver offer featuring single-channel drivers. In particular, the TD350E is an innovative gate driver where control and protection functions are included and allow the design of highly-reliable systems. An innovative active Miller clamp function eliminates the need for negative gate drive in most applications and allows the use of a simple bootstrap supply for the high-side driver. Performance Advanced gate drivers L639x smartDRIVE Gate drivers L638xE TD35x 0.4 A - easy sensorless vector control for 3-phase PM or induction motors
Key features
HV
thanks to: bootstrap diode Op amp Comparator Smart shutdown Undervoltage lock out (UVLO) Programmable deadtime
Integration
Part number
Logic interface Input configuration
VCC UVLO on max (V) VCC (V) Configuration
UVLO on VBOOT (V)
Interlocking - DT (s)
Op amp
Comparator
# pins
29
Half-bridge drivers L6384E L6385E L6386E L6386AD L6387E L6388E L6390 L6391 L6392 L6393 L6395 L6398 Single in, SD HIN and LIN HIN, LIN, SD HIN and LIN HIN and LIN HIN, LIN, SD HIN, LIN, SD HIN, LIN, SD Phase, brake, SD HIN and LIN HIN and LIN 5, 15 V 5, 15 V 5, 15 V 5, 15 V 3.3, 5, 15 V 3.3, 5, 15 V 3.3, 5, 15 V 3.3, 5, 15 V 3.3, 5, 15 V 3.3, 5, 15 V 3.3, 5, 15 V 18 18 18 18 18 21 21 21 21 20 21 10/12 8.3/9.6 10/12 8.3/9.6 5.5/6 8.3/9.6 10.5/12 10.5/12 10.5/12 8.0/9.5 8.8/9.5 8.0/9.5 8.2/9.5 9.9/11.9 8.2/9.5 8.2/9.5 10/11.5 10/11.5 10/11.5 8/9 8/8.6 8/9 0.5 2.7 9.9/11.9 Interlocking 0.32 0.18 3 0.18 3 0.18 3 0.18 3 0.32 No No No No No Yes No Yes No No No No No Yes, uncommitted No No Yes, committed to fault + SSD Committed to fault + SSD No Yes, uncommitted No No 8 8 14 8 8 16 14 14 14 8 8
Single-channel drivers TD350 TD351 TD352 Single in (opto/pulse trans compatible) Single in (opto/pulse trans compatible Single in (opto compatible) 5V 5V 5V 26 26 26 11 11 11 No No No No No 14 8 8
SPIMD20 integrated motor drive (IMD) module The SPIMD20 is an integrated high-end motor driver with real-time connectivity suitable for direct integration with permanent magnet synchronous motors (i.e. 6 Nm torque) thanks to the reduced dimensions (165 x 60 x 26 mm). The IMD is designed to operate on a motor with a surface temperature up to 100 C and performs motor driving functions including speed, position and field-oriented control, plus connectivity. Connection to the master is performed via a real-time Ethernet Fieldbus, including but not limited to EtherCAT as per IEC 61158. In fact, the IMD is an open and flexible platform to execute any other communication standard with the on-board FPGA (Altera Cyclone III type) and the two microprocessors from the STM32F103 series. A basic software package is available with the SPIMD20. Target applications are complex systems where a high number of axes must be synchronized, such as packaging machines, CNC and robotics. The STEVAL-SPIMD20V1 board simplifies integration with the motor and the debug of the final application.
Key features
Extremely compact dimensions Up to 2 kW power with 800 Vdc IGBT technology Ethernet real-time connectivity
supply, on 100 C motor surface
(customizable), CAN bus, RS-232 interface cards
Supports removable Flash memory Vibration analysis and thermal
sensing
STO (safe torque off) 30 IP65 compliant Safe architecture to apply to IEC
61800-5-1 safety standards and UL508C
EMI: IEC 61800-3/A11
Evaluation tools
To ensure the best flexibility and inter-changeability between the power stages and the control stages (which may use different microcontroller part numbers), many of STs evaluation boards both for microcontrollers and power devices have an MC connector on-board. This connector is STs standard and is suitable for different control algorithms such as vector control (or field-oriented control) and scalar control (for example, V/f for AC IM). Any power stages with an MC connector can be used in conjunction with any of the control stages with the same connector. The microcontroller section on page 40 provides more information about STs offer for microcontrollers and HW and SW tools.
Motor control connector
Control stages (Microcontroller)
Power stages (Power switches, sensings)

31
Order code STEVAL-IHM021V2 STEVAL-IHM023V2 STEVAL-IHM025V1 STEVAL-IHM027V1 STEVAL-IHM028V1 STEVAL-IHM031V1 STEVAL-IHM032V1 STEVAL-IHM035V1 STEVAL-IHM036V1 STEVAL-IFN003v1 STEVAL-IFN004v1 STEVAL-SPIMD20V1 EVAL6235PD
Description 100 W, 3-phase inverter based on L6390 gate driver and UltraFASTmesh MOSFET for FOC of 3-phase PMSM 1 kW 3-phase motor control demonstration board featuring L6390 gate drivers and STGP10NC60KD IPM 1 kW 3-phase motor control demonstration board featuring the IGBT SLLIMM STGIPL14K60 IPM Power board with MC connector based on the STGIPS10K60A 10 A, 600 V IPM 2 kW 3-phase motor control demonstration board featuring the IGBT STGIPS20K60 IPM 3-phase low-voltage inverter power board for FOC and scalar motor control based on STS8DNH3LL MOSFET 150 W inverter featuring L639x gate driver and STGD3HF60HD IGBT for 1-shunt based FOC and trapezoidal control 3-phase high-voltage inverter power board for FOC and scalar motor control based on the STGIPN3H60 (SLLIMM-nano) IPM Low-power motor control board featuring the SLLIMM STGIPN3H60 IPM and STM32F100 microcontroller PMSM FOC motor driver based on L6230 motor driver and STM32F103 microcontroller BLDC six-step motor driver based on L6230 motor driver and STM8S105 microcontroller Power drive system demonstration kit based on the SPIMD20 integrated motor drive L6235 3-phase brushless DC motor driver demonstration board
Eval board type Power stage only Power stage only Power stage only Power stage only Power stage only Power stage only Power stage only Power stage only Full inverter (MCU on board) Full inverter (MCU on board) Full inverter (MCU on board) Full inverter (MCU on board) Full inverter
Technical documentation UM1491 UM0723 UM0900 UM0969 UM1036 UM0971 UM1078 UM1517 UM1483 UM1478 UM1477 DB1505 DB1409
MC connector availability Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No No No
Universal motor
Overview
Universal motors can operate on either AC or DC power and are commonly used in many appliances (such as washing machines and vacuum cleaners), normally when the power does not exceed about 1000 W. One of the simplest and cost-effective ways to vary the speed of the rugged universal motor is by changing the amount of mains voltage actually applied to its terminals by acting on the firing angle of an alternate current switch. A general-purpose 8-bit microcontroller such as the STM8S can be generally used to implement this drive1.
Current sensing
Umot (motor voltage)
User interface
t 32 Imot (motor current)
Control unit
Zero crossing detection
Power supply Universal Motor AC Drive (Phase control drive)
Note: 1. Refer to microcontroller section on page 40 for more information about suitable ST part numbers.
Key Products TRIAC, ACS and ACST Families

ST offers a complete range of thyristors and AC switches with voltage ratings up to 1200 V, current ratings up to 100 A and a set of packages from miniature surface-mounted packages to high power dissipation isolated and non-isolated packages. The latest extension to the AC switch range features the SMB-Flat package, which is smaller than SOT-223 and is aimed at the 0.8 A device range. The PCB can be designed so that the SMB-Flat and SOT-223 are fully interchangeable for increased production flexibility. Triacs STs portfolio of Triacs includes devices with voltage ratings up to 800 V and RMS on-currents up to 40 A in general-purpose standard configurations, a new high-commutation T series in Snubberless technology, and 3-quadrant high-temperature Triacs (H series) for use in harsh environments. They are the reference for universal and induction motor drivers in appliance applications where, due to their ability to manage the stringent inrush conditions when driving inductive loads, they can switch off three times their rating current.
Key features
Robustness and reliability Wide voltage and current ranges Rich portfolio:
Standard Triacs Snubberless High-temperature T
with enhanced switch-off capability, for inductive loads series for hot environments
Part number T435T-600FP T635T*1 T series T8T T12T T16T

Packages TO220ABFP
Current rating (ARMS) 6 8
Non repetitive surge peak on-state current (A) 30 45 60 90 120
IGATE (mA) 35
33
TO-220AB-Insulated 2500 V; TO-220AB-FP1; TO-220AB1
12 16 6
600/8001
125/1501
10, logic level, 3Q 20/35, Snubberless, 3Q 25, standard, 4Q
Part number T410H T610H T8**H H series T10**H T12**H T16**H T20**H T30**H
Packages TO220 TO220
Current rating (ARMS) 4 6 8 10
Non repetitive surge peak on-state current (A) 40 60 80 100 120 160 200 270
VDRM - VRRM (V)
IGATE (mA) 10 10 10 35 50
TO220, D PAK, TO-220I

2
600
150
12 16 20
35 50
TO220, TO-220I
30
ACS and ACST Using innovative ASD application-specific device technology, STs ACS and ACST devices are specific switches developed for home appliances and industrial control applications. While maintaining very high switch-off capability, logic-level devices allow direct drive by a microcontroller. With integrated overvoltage protection against random transients, no external MOV protection is needed, providing system safety and transient and surge voltage immunity as defined in the IEC 61000-4-4 and -4-5 standards. The ACST series is now extended from 2 A to 16 A, housed in TO-220AB and TO-220FP packages and the ACS series is also extended to 800 V with a lower gate triggering sensitivity of 5 mA.
Key features
High switch off capability Low gate current for direct
connection to MCU
Internally protected, no need of
external circuitry to meet IEC 61000-4-4 and -4-5 standards
Part number ACST2 ACST4 ACST6 ACST8 ACST10 ACST12 ACST1635-8FP ACS302-6T
1
Packages DPAK, TO220FPAB DPAK, TO220FPAB D2PAK, TO220AB, TO220FPAB D PAK, TO220AB, TO220FPAB
2
Current rating (ARMS) 2 4 6 8 10 12 16 0.2 0.2 0.8 1 2
Non repetitive surge peak on-state current (A) 8 30 45 80 100 120 140 7.3 7.3 13.7 8 20
IGATE (mA) 10
800
125
10, 35 10 30
TO220AB, TO220FPAB D2PAK, TO220AB TO220FPAB SO20 SO8, TO92 SOT223, TO92 SOT223 DPAK, TO220AB, TO220FPAB
700 700 800 600 600 800 700 700
125 125 150 125 125 125 125 125
10, 35 10, 35 35 5 5 10 10 10
ACS102-6T ACS108
34
ACS110 ACS120
Power control, monitoring drivers The STCC08 drives the AC switch and sends diagnostic data to the MCU in case of switch failure (short and open circuits, diode mode). It helps the whole appliance to meet the IEC 60335-1 safety standard. Neutral ACS108 Gate driver 3.3 V to 5 V
IN Vcc
RIG STCC08 RSHUNT Load SW Line RAC Vcc AC Power switch signal shaping AVF driver AVF GND
Control unit Vcc
Evaluation tools
Order code STEVAL-IHM029v1 STEVAL-IHM041v1 Description Universal motor control evaluation board based on high-temperature junction Triac and STM8S microcontroller Universal motor driver with speed control based on the STM8 microcontroller and Triac (US version) Technical documentation UM0922 UM1559
35
Power factor correctors

Overview
ST features products for the two main topologies used for power factor correction associated to motor control applications. A single-stage boost converter is the most used topology for PFC. STs portfolio supports both the solution using an integrated PFC controller with external power switch and the topology where the PFC control is executed by a microcontroller and the power switch actuation through a gate driver. Above 2 kW, an interleaved PFC may be more convenient. Despite a higher number of components, it allows better heat dissipation and smaller silicon devices, reduces input current ripple and RMS current in the bus capacitor and finally helps in reducing the dimension of the filter.
AC
AC
PFC controller
36
Output
Output
Single stage boost converter PFC
2 phase interleaved PFC
Key Products Power switches

IGBTs With breakdown voltages ranging up to 600 V, STs IGBTs feature the optimal trade-off between switching performance and on-state behavior. When the switching frequency is increased up to 60 kHz, ultra-fast switches, such as the forthcoming V_F series in new trench gate field stop technology, are required.
Collector current max @ 100 C (A) 10 14 19 30 40 20 30 40 VCE(SAT) @ Tj = 125 C (V) 1.7 1.7 1.6 1.7 1.7 2.15 2.15 2.15
Part number STG*10NC60H(D) STG*7NC60H(D) Up to 20 kHz STG*19NC60H(D) STG*20NC60V(D) STG*39NC60V(D) STG*20V60(D)F Up to 60 kHz
1
Free-wheeling diode No (Yes) No (Yes) No (Yes) No (Yes) No (Yes) No (Yes) No (Yes) No (Yes)
2
Package D2PAK, DPAK, TO220FP, TO220 D2PAK, DPAK, TO220FP, TO220 D2PAK, TO220FP, TO220, TO247 D2PAK, TO220FP, TO220, TO247 TO247 D PAK, TO220FP, TO220 D2PAK, TO220FP, TO220, TO247 D2PAK, TO220, TO247
STG*30V60(D)F1 STG*40V60(D)F1
Power MOSFETs STs MOSFET portfolio offers a broad range of breakdown voltages from 500 V to 650 V, with low gate charge and low on-resistance, combined with state-of-the-art packaging. STs process technology for both high-voltage and low-voltage MOSFETs has enhanced power handling capability, resulting in high-efficiency solutions. The MDmesh V, MDmesh II and MDmesh II Plus low Qg families of power MOSFETs are particularly suitable for PFC circuits.
Part number STY105NM50N STW60NM50N ST*36N55M5 ST*18N55M5 STY100NM60N STW70N60M21 STW62NM60N STW56NM60N STW48NM60N More than ST*33N60M21 50 kHz ST*28N60M21 ST*24N60M21 STY145N65M5 STY139N65M5 ST*88N65M5 STW69N65M5 ST*57N65M5 ST*20NM65N ST*15NM65N ST*11NM65N
BVDSS (V) RDS(on) max @ 10 V () Drain current max (A) Qg (nC) 500 500 550 550 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 650 650 650 650 650 650 650 650 0.022 0.043 0.08 0.192 0.029 0.04 0.049 0.06 0.07 0.088 0.12 0.15 0.19 0.015 0.017 0.029 0.045 0.063 0.25 0.35 0.41 110 68 33 16 98 68 65 51 39 34 N/A N/A 18 139 130 84 58 42 19 13 11 326 178 72 31 330 110 174 300 130 75 47 39 29 414 363 204 153 110 44 40 30
Package Max247 TO247 TO220, TO220FP, D2PAK TO220, TO220FP, D2PAK, DPAK Max247 TO247 TO247 TO247 TO247 TO220, TO220FP, D2PAK, I2PAK, I2PAKFP, TO247 TO220, TO220FP, D2PAK, I2PAK, TO247, PowerFLAT 8x8 HV TO220, TO220FP, D2PAK, I2PAK, TO247 TO220, TO220FP, D2PAK, I2PAKFP, I2PAK, TO247, PowerFLAT 8x8 HV Max247 Max247 TO247 TO247, TO3P TO220, TO220FP, D2PAK, I2PAK, TO247 TO220, TO220FP TO220, TO220FP TO220, TO220FP, DPAK
ST*40N60M21
37
Diodes and rectifiers ST offers ultrafast, Tandem and silicon carbide (SiC) rectifier solutions for all market requirements. Our SiC and ultrafast diodes range from 600 V to 650 V with various VF/TRR, QC trade-offs so as to achieve the best performance for your PFC application. For power converter applications where silicon diodes reach the limits of their operating temperature and power density, STs first and second generation silicon carbide devices offer optimal reliability and performance. All ST products are rated up to 175 C operating junction temperature, as a result of the reduced leakage currents.
Packaging options
Single diode for conventional PFC
Dual common cathode for interleaved configuration
TO247 with longer leads facilitate
bending and heat-sink assembly plastic frames
TO3P facilitates the mounting of
Part number
Average rectified current max (A) 8 12 15 30 40
Forward voltage (VF) max (V) 2.9 2.9 2.9 1.85 40
VF measuring condition (A) 8 12 15 30 1.7
Reverse recovery time max (ns) 25 25 30 50 No (Yes)
Reverse current max (mA) 0.025 0.045 0.06 0.025 40
Package D2PAK; TO-220AC; TO-220AC Ins; I2PAK; TO-220FPAC D2PAK; TO-220AC; TO-220AC Ins TO-220AC; TO-220FPAC DO-247; DOP3 Ins TO247
STTH8R06 600 V ultrafast rectifiers STTH12R06 STTH15R06 STTH30R06 STG*39NC60V(D)
Part number 600 V hyper-fast Tandem rectifiers STTH8T06DI STTH12T06DI STTH8S06DI
Average rectified current max (A) 8 12 8
Forward voltage (VF) max (V) 2.55 2.55 3.1
VF measuring condition (A) 8 12 8
Reverse Reverse1 recovery time recovery max (ns) current max (A) 28 30 20 3 TBD TBD
Package TO-220AC Ins TO-220AC Ins TO-220AC Ins
Part number STPSC606 STPSC806 600 V 1st generation STPSC1006 SiC diodes STPSC1206 STPSC2006C STPSC6H065 STPSC8H065 650 V 2nd generation STPSC10H065 SiC diodes STPSC12H065 STPSC20H065C
Average rectified current max (A) 6 8 10 12 2 x 10 6 8 10 12 2 x 10
Forward voltage (VF) max (V) 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.75 1.75 1.75 1.75 1.75
VF measuring condition (A) 6 8 10 12 10 6 8 10 12 10
Total capacity charge typ1 (nC) 6 10 12 12 12 18 23.5 28.5 TBD 28.5
Package D2PAK; TO-220AC D2PAK; TO-220AC D2PAK; TO-220AC TO-220AC TO-247 D2PAK; TO-220AC; DPAK D2PAK, DPAK, TO-220AC D2PAK, TO-220AC, DPAK D2PAK, TO-220AC, DPAK TO-220, TO-247
38
PFC controllers The new L4984 is a current-mode PFC controller operating with line-modulated fixed-off-time (LM-FOT) control. A proprietary LM-FOT modulator allows fixed-frequency operation for boost PFC converters as long as they are operated in CCM (continuous conduction mode). The chip comes in a 10-pin SO package and offers a low-cost solution for CCM-operated boost PFC pre-regulators in EN61000-3-2 and JEIDA-MITI compliant applications, in a power range that spans from a few hundred watts to 1 kW and above. A software design tool based on an Excel spreadsheet is available.
Part number L4984 Description Current-mode PFC controller Package SO10
Key features
Current continuous mode FOT Adjustable overvoltage protection
on VOUT (unlatched) (unlatched)
Inductor saturation protection Open loop protection Input mains undervoltage detection Soft start-up for in-rush current
limiting
THD improver Remote on/off control input pin Small package 150 C operating junction
temperature
Gate drivers for IGBTs and MOSFETs STs power MOSFET and IGBT drivers include integrated high-voltage half-bridge, single and multiple low-side gate drivers. STs MOSFET/IGBT drivers provide state-of-the-art integration, reducing BOM cost and final application dimensions, while also increasing robustness and noise immunity. The TD35x and TD2xx are the two families of single-channel gate drivers featuring an innovative active Miller clamp function which eliminates the need for negative gate drive in most applications and allows the use of a simple bootstrap supply for the high-side driver. The TD350E, in particular, is an innovative gate driver where control and protection functions are included and allow the design of highly-reliable systems. Performance Advanced gate drivers L639x smartDRIVE Gate drivers L638xE TD35x 0.4 A - easy sensorless vector control for 3-phase PM or induction motors
Key features
HV
thanks to: bootstrap diode Op amp Comparator Smart shutdown Undervoltage lock out (UVLO Programmable deadtime
Integration
Part number
Logic interface Configuration Single channel (opto/pulse transformer compatible) Single channel (opto/pulse transformer compatible) Single channel (opto compatible) Single channel Single channel Triple channel Compatibility 5V 5V 5V 3.3, 5 V 3.3, 5 V 3.3, 5 V
VCC max (V) 26 26 26 17 12 18
UVLO on VCC (V) 11 11 11 8 8 12
Op Amp
Comparator
# Pins
39
TD350 TD351 TD352 TD220 TD221 TD310
No No No No No Yes
No No No No No Yes
14 8 8 8 8 16
Evaluation tools
Order code EVL4984-350W Description 350 W CCM PFC pre-regulator demonstration board based on L4984 Technical documentation AN4163
Microcontrollers
MCU portfolio
By choosing one of STs microcontrollers for your embedded application, you gain from our leading expertise in MCU architecture, technology, multi-source manufacturing and support. STs product portfolio contains a comprehensive range of microcontrollers, from robust, low-cost 8-bit MCUs, the STM8 family, up to 32-bit ARM-based Cortex-M0, Cortex-M3, Cortex-M4 Flash microcontrollers with a rich choice of peripherals, the STM32 family. Extensive support through a combination of flexible and powerful development tools, training courses, consultancy and web support gives you a plus for a faster time to market. Flash size (bytes) 2M 1M 512 K 384 K 256 K 192 K 128 K 64 K 32 K 16 K 8K 4K 2K
40
STM32 32-bit ARM Cortex-M MCUs Multi segment Ultra-low power Wireless STM8 8-bit MCUs Multi segment Automotive Ultra-low power Touch sensing
STM32
STM8
MCU selection guide for motor control

STM8S Brushed DC motors Single-phase AC induction motors Stepper motors Switched reluctance motors 3-phase brushless motors Universal motors PFC x x x x x x x x x x STM32
STM8 8-bit microcontrollers

The STM8 MCU is part of a platform of technologies, IPs and tools which forms the basis of STs comprehensive family of 8-bit microcontrollers. These cover, among others, many applications where there is an electric motor, from consumer electronics, including home appliances and factory automation, to automotive segments. The platform provides outstanding levels of digital and analog performance combined with a high level of cost effectiveness. Implemented around a high-performance 8-bit core and a state-of-the-art set of peripherals and IPs, the microcontrollers in the STM8 family are manufactured using an ST-proprietary 130 nm embedded non-volatile memory technology. One series for every need STM8S Mainstream STM8A Automotive STM8L Ultra-low-power STM8T Touch sensing
STM8 S
STM8 A
STM8 L
STM8 T
Data EEPROM, 3 and 5 V family, precise RC
Data EEPROM, 3 and 5 V family, precise RC, LIN, CAN, grade 0 AEC-Q100
Data EEPROM, 1.65 and 3 V family, strong analog, LCD drivers, lowleakage technology Architecture and technology focused on power saving www.st.com/stm8l Portable / low voltage motor control applications
Proximity sensors, touchkeys, keypads, sliders or wheels

41
Platform designed and engineered for cost effectiveness www.st.com/stm8s Appliance, industrial and consumer motor control applications
Conceived to meet high quality and reliabilty standards www.st.com/stm8a Automotive motor control applications
Hardware and open software solutions www.st.com/stm8t Specific for touch-sensing
Using STM8s peripherals for motor control The STM8 comes with a set of peripherals that are suitable for many motor control topologies and applications. The advanced timer available on the STM8S, STM8L and STM8A is a 16-bit timer capable of both centered or edge-aligned PWM pattern generation and, thanks to the availability of complimentary output on 3 of its channels, is specifically designed to address 3-phase and full-bridge topologies (for 3-phase AC IM, 3-phase PMSM/BLDC, bidirectional DC motors, stepper motor drives). The timer is also equipped with a synchronization circuit allowing the ADC to be triggered on specific events and an asynchronous emergency input. The 12-bit ADC of the STM8L (10-bit on the STM8S and STM8A) allows motor current and voltage to be precisely sensed while its comparator could be used for hysteresis peak current control. General-purpose 16-bit timers with their input capture capabilities are very well suited for motor speed feedback processing. In particular, the STM8L also features three input XOR gates combining the data coming from three Hall sensors to simplify speed measurement in 3-phase permanent magnet motors.
Key features
Advanced timer for 3-phase
inverters and full-bridge converter drivers triggered by timer events STM32F3xx
Fast and precise ADC can be Rich set of analog IPs on Input capture on general-purpose
timers for easier speed feedback processing encoder operating mode
Hall sensor and quadrature
STM8S evaluation tools for motor control

Order code STM8/128-MCKIT Description 3-phase brushless motor control starter kit for STM8S microcontroller STM8S MCU evaluation board; any motor control power stage featuring STs standard MC connector can be connected (see 3-phase brushless motor evaluation tools section) Universal motor control evaluation board based on high-temperature junction Triac and STM8S microcontroller Universal motor driver with speed control based on the STM8 microcontroller and Triac (US version) BLDC six-step motor driver based on L6230 motor driver and STM8S105 microcontroller Cold digital thermostat kit Motors covered 3-phase brushless motors: AC IM, BLDC, PMSM Documentation UM0709
STM8/128-EVAL
Depends on power stage connected through MC connector1
UM0482
STEVAL-IHM029v1 STEVAL-IHM041v1 STEVAL-IFN004v1 STEVAL-IHT001v2
Universal, single-phase Induction motors Universal, single-phase induction motors 3-phase BLDC/PMSM motors Single-phase induction motors
UM0922 UM1559 UM1477 UM1542
Note: 1. A daughter board may be required to be plugged on STM8/128-EVAL depending on the type of the control and power stage to be connected
STM8/128-MCKIT starter kit

STM8/128-MCKIT is an integrated system designed to provide a complete, ready-to-use kit for evaluation of 3-phase motor control developed around STs STM8 microcontroller. This starter kit is particularly suited to drive 3-phase brushless motors (either AC induction or permanent magnet types). Download for free from www.st.com the available FW library, configure it through STM8 MC Builder PC software and develop your own applications in conjunction with a third-party IDE and C compiler.
42
3-phase brushless motor control with STM8S in 3 steps:

1. Visit www.st.com to download STM8S FW library for 3-phase motor control 2. Configure the FW library through the STM8 MC Builder PC software 3. Develop your own applications in conjunction with a third-party IDE and C compiler
STM32 32-bit microcontrollers

The STM32 family of 32-bit Flash microcontrollers based on the ARM Cortex-M processor is designed to offer new degrees of freedom to MCU users. By bringing a complete 32-bit product range that combines high-performance, real-time, low-power and low-voltage operation, while maintaining full integration and ease of development, the STM32 family helps you create new applications and design in the innovations you have long been dreaming about.
Common core peripherals and architecture: Communication peripherals: USART, SPI, IC Multiple generalpurpose timers Integrated reset and brown-out warning Multiple DMA 2x watchdogs Real-time clock Integrated regulator PLL and clock circuit External memory interface (FSMC) Up to 3x 12-bit DAC Up to 4x 12-bit ADC (Up to 5 MSPS) Main oscillator and 32 kHz oscillator Low-speed and high-speed internal RC oscillators -40 to +85 C and up to 105 C operating temperature range Low voltage 2.0 to 3.6 V or 1.65/1.7 to 3.6 V (depending on series) Temperature sensor STM32 F1 series - Mainstream - 5 product lines (STM32F100/101/102/103 and 105/107) Up to Up to Up to Up to SDIO 72 MHz USB 2.0 3-phase Ethernet 2x IS 96-Kbyte 1-Mbyte 2x CAN IEEE 1588 Cortex-M3 OTG FS MC timer audio SRAM Flash 2.0B CPU 43 STM32 F2 series - High performance (STM32F205/215/207/217) 120 MHz Up to Up to Cortex-M3 128-Kbyte 1-Mbyte CPU SRAM Flash 2x USB 2.0 OTG FS/HS 3-phase MC timer 2x CAN 2.0B SDIO 2x IS Ethernet audio IEEE 1588 Camera IF Crypto STM32 F3 series - Mixed-signal with DSP (STM32F302/303/313/372/373/383) Up to 72 MHz 2x Up to Up to USB CAN Cortex-M4 48-Kbyte 3-phase 3x 16-bit 7x 256-Kbyte 2.0 FS 2.0B comparator ADC with DSP SRAM & MC timer Flash and FPU CCM-SRAM (144 MHz) STM32 F4 series - High performance with DSP (STM32F405/415/407/417/427/437/429/439) 180 MHz SDIO Crypto Up to Up to 2x USB Cortex-M4 3-phase 2x CAN 2x IS Ethernet TFT LCD 256-Kbyte 2-Mbyte 2.0 OTG audio IEEE 1588 + with DSP MC timer 2.0B SRAM Flash FS/HS Camera IF SDRAM and FPU
STM32 F4
4x PGA
STM32 F3
STM32 F2
STM32 F1
STM32 F0 series Entry level (STM32F050/051) 48 MHz Up to Up to Cortex-M0 8-Kbyte 64-Kbyte CPU Flash SRAM 3-phase Comparator MC timer CEC
STM32 F0
Application complexity and mcu performance

Industrial motor drives
STM32 F2
STM32 F3
STM32 F4
Fitness, wellness and healthcare
Power tools
Building automation
STM32 F1
Home appliances Games

STM32 F0
Using STM32s peripherals for motor control Other than the power of ARM Cortex cores, with a floating point unit and DSP capable instruction set for Cortex-M4 devices, the STM32F series comes with a set of peripherals that make them perfectly suitable for the simultaneous control of up to two 3-phase brushless motors in field oriented control (FOC, also known as vector control). The advanced timer is a 16-bit timer capable of both centered or edge-aligned PWM pattern generation and, thanks to the availability of complimentary output and programmable deadtime on 3 of its channels, is specifically designed to address 3-phase and full bridge topologies (for 3-phase AC IM, 3-phase PMSM/BLDC, bidirectional DC motors, stepper motors drives). The timer also features additional channels that can be devoted to ADC synchronization and generation of specific PWM patterns. The DMA allows advanced PWM pattern generation such as the one required for 1-shunt resistor based 3-phase current measurement (ST patented method) and advanced ADC synchronization without CPU intervention. The fast (up to 5.14 MSPS sampling rate for STM32F30xx and STM32F31xx) and precise 12-bit SAR ADCs enable the simultaneous sampling of up to four channels for precise motor current sensing, crucial in vector control algorithms. General-purpose 16- and 32-bit timers with their input capture capabilities are very well suited for motor speed feedback processing. In particular, the Hall sensor and quadrature encoder dedicated operating modes simplify motor speed and position measurements. The analog front-end of the STM32F3xx with up to 7 analog comparators and up to 4 op amps guarantees the highest level of integration, simplifying the HW design and validation. The fast comparator (50 ns propagation delay) can be used for cycle-by-cycle current regulation and overvoltage/overcurrent protection. The op amps feature offset compensation, 8 MHz GBW and built-in 1% programmable gains.
STM32 F103 1 (2) x 1 x x x x x x x 2 (3) STM32 F303 2 x 2 x x x x x x x 4 x x x x x x (x) x STM32 F405 2 x 1 x x x x x x x 3 x
Key features
Advanced timer for 3-phase
inverters and full-bridge converter drivers triggered by timer events on STM32F3xx
Fast and precise ADC can be Rich set of analog IPs Input capture on general-purpose
timers for easier speed feedback processing encoder operating mode
Hall sensor and quadrature DMA for CPU off-loading
44
Features Timer with dedicated motor control features Edge or centered PWM patterns Additional timer channel for PWM-synchronized ADC triggering Built-in digital deadtime generator Critical register write protection Asynchronous fault inputs Quadrature encoder support Hall encoder input mode Versatile output management Dedicated DMA burst mode for the timers Simultaneous sample and hold ADCs High-frequency timer input clock (>144 MHz) Asymmetric PWM modes 2 fault inputs Ultra-fast comparators Operational amplifiers 1% programmable gain amplifiers External memory interface
Benefits All functions grouped into a single peripheral Minimizes acoustic noise for a given switching frequency Simplifies ADC triggering for optimum noise rejection schemes in shunt-based current sensing No need for external logic, no variations due to passive components Higher robustness against SW malfunction Functional safety, protection guaranteed even if clock disappears Offloads CPU from sensor feedback management, immediate position/direction reading Reduces timer resource needs: a single channel is sufficient for 3 Hall sensors Accommodates various gate drivers, handles sine-wave and block commutated drives CPU offloading, multiple registers can be updated in a row Reduces errors due to delay between conversions, ideal for isolated current sensors Finer PWM resolution and current control Easier support of single-shunt current sensing Allows overcurrent and overvoltage protection to be managed differently Reduces BOM cost, built-in overcurrent and overvoltage protection, cycle-by-cycle current control Reduces BOM cost, direct reading of low-voltage signals from shunt resistors Reduces BOM cost (no need for gain setting networks), allows dynamically changing gain Allows interfacing with FPGA for dedicated functions (such as proprietary encoder interfaces)
Legend: x: available; ( ): available only starting from 256 Kbyte Flash memory devices
STM32F evaluation boards for motor control ST proposes a wide range of evaluation boards for comprehensive evaluation of STs products and solutions while reducing your development time. In particular, all of STs microcontroller evaluation boards have STs standard MC connector on-board allowing the use of the board in conjunction with any of the power stage evaluation boards listed in the 3-phase brushless motor paragraph.
Supported by STM32 PMSM FOC SDK Yes Yes Yes Yes1 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes (SDK v3.0 + plug-in) Yes
Order code STM320518-EVAL STM32100B-EVAL STM32100E-EVAL STM3210E-EVAL STM3221G-EVAL, STM3220G-EVAL STM3240G-EVAL, STM3241G-EVAL STEVAL-IHM033V1 STEVAL-IHM036V1 STEVAL-IFN003v1 STM3210B-MCKIT, STM32100B-MCKIT
Description Evaluation board for STM32 F0 series with STM32F051 MCU Evaluation board for STM32F100 (128-KB Flash) Value line MCUs Evaluation board for STM32F100 (512-KB Flash) Value line MCUs Evaluation board for STM32 F1 series with STM32F103 MCU Evaluation board for STM32 F2 series Evaluation board for STM32 F4 series with STM32F407 or STM32F417 MCU Control stage based on the STM32F100CB microcontroller for motor control with serial communication user interface Low power motor control board featuring the SLLIMM STGIPN3H60 IPM and STM32F100 microcontroller PMSM FOC motor driver based on L6230 motor driver and STM32F103 microcontroller Motor control starter kit for STM32 (128-KB Flash) Performance and Value line microcontrollers
Benefits UM1537 UM0482 UM1055 UM0488 UM1065, UM1057 UM1461 UM1077 UM1483 UM1478 UM0486, UM1452
Note: 1. STM3210E-EVAL, due to some resource sharing, overcurrent protection and LCD, cannot be used at the same time.
STM32 for vector control of PMSM/BLDC STs STM32 offers the performance of the industry-standard Cortex-M core at the service of vector (or field-oriented) control algorithms, widely used in high-performance drives. They provide precise and responsive torque and speed control, and guarantee optimized efficiency during transient operations. The STM32, offering a wide and compatible portfolio, is part of a complete motor control ecosystem:
STM32 PMSM FOC SDK, the 3-phase permanent magnet synchronous motor field-oriented control software development kit (SDK) ST MC Workbench (STMCWB), a PC SW for graphical configuration and real-time tuning of STM32 PMSM FOC SDK STM Studio, a graphical real-time diagnostic tool STM3210B-MCKIT and STM32100-MCKIT complete motor control kits
45
STM3210B-MCKIT and STM32100-MCKIT starter kits

The STM3210B-MCKIT and STM32100-MCKIT are integrated systems designed to provide complete, ready-to-use kits for evaluation of 3-phase motor control developed around STs STM32103B and STM32F100B microcontrollers. These starter kits are particularly suited to drive 3-phase brushless motors (AC induction or permanent magnet types, AC IM support of STM32100B soon available).
Signal conditioning
Operation amplifiers
ST has a wide range of op amps, including both industry-standard and high-performance op amps. Our strengths include:
Growing 16 V CMOS portfolio including precision and wide bandwidth op amps Reliable high-volume supplier of both standard and high-performance op amps Space-saving packages, such as DFN, QFN, SOT-23 and SC-70
Our JFET, bipolar, CMOS and BiCMOS technologies allow our products to support:
A wide supply range, from 1.5 V to 36 V High ratios of performance-to-power consumption
Our automotive-grade products are AEC-Q100 qualified and tested with certified high-reliability flow, to meet the very specific, rigorous demands of the automotive market. Operating voltage 36 V TL06 TL07 TL08 LM324 LM2902 LM833 LM358 LM2904 MC33078
46
Highlight: TSV9 and TSX9 series

Their high slew rate, supply voltage range (compatible with most microcontrollers) and input and output rail-to-rail capability make the TSV9 and TSX9 series the best choice for current sensing in vector control (FOC) schemes.
16 V 12 V 5V
TSX56 TS912 TSX92 TSX6 TSX7 TSV5 TSV6 TSV9 LMV3 CMOS TSV7 TSV8 TSZ121 LMV8 JFET BICMOS
TS922 TS941 TS461 TSH72
TS952 TS93 TS972 TSH82
BIPOLAR
Applications Low side current sensing Temperature sensing Vibration sensing Angle measurement DC brushless motor
Features Precision, low Vio High Bandwidth up to 20 Mhz
Products TS507, TSV7 Series TSX56, TSX7 Series TSV9, TSX92 Series
High output Current, > 100 mA High Common-mode Voltage > 30 V
TS982
High side current sensing
TSC101, TSC102, TSC103
High-side current sensing (TSC series) Accurate sensing of currents is central to enhancing application safety. Controlling the current within set boundaries avoids overheating and short circuits. Current measurement is also an essential part of energy metering. The main features of our growing high-side current-sense amplifier portfolio are:
Up to 70 V line monitoring Integrated solutions (for example, inclusion of EMI filtering on output) for faster design times and a reduced BOM Robust devices that do not require external protection Automotive-grade qualified current-sense amplifiers
Battery or power source Rsense Vp
Vsense
Iload Load Vm Vcc 5V Vreg
Highlight: TSC103
Common-mode voltage:
2.9 to 70 V
Optional dual-supply configuration
to reach -2.1 V to 65 V common-mode range
Rugged input pin sustain
Out GND TSCxxx Vout
Vcc ADC GND Microcontroller
-16 to +75 V and 2.5 kV ESD 50 V/V, 100 V/V
Pin-selectable gain: 20 V/V, 25 V/V, Low current consumption: 360 A
Order code STEVAL-ISQ013V1 STEVAL-ISQ007V1
Description High-side current-sense amplifier demonstration board based on TSC101 Low-side current sensing based on TS507
Documentation AN3222 AN2727
47
Comparators ST is a leading supplier of comparators, and our portfolio offers:

High-speed comparators, with response
Response time TS881 TS339/393 1 s TS3702/3704 TS7211 TS7221 500 ns 100 ns 10 ns 1.0 A 10 A Vcc 5 V TS86x TS331/332/334 LMV331/393/339 TS3021/3022 50 A Vcc 10 V 100 A Vcc 16 V LM2901/2903 TS391 LM393/339 TS372/374
times as fast as 8 ns
Micropower comparators with operating
currents as low as 210 nA devices
High-temperature (150 C) qualified Guaranteed specified min/max electrical
performances
Our automotive-grade products are AEC-Q100 qualified and tested with certified high-reliability flow, to meet the very specific, rigorous demands of the automotive market.
TS3011 500 A Icc Vcc 36 V
STMicroelectronics - February 2013- Printed in United Kingdom - All rights reserved The STMicroelectronics corporate logo is a registered trademark of the STMicroelectronics group of companies All other names are the property of their respective owners
Order code: RGMC0213
For more information on ST products and solutions, visit www.st.com /motorcontrol

Motor Control Reference Guide

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STs commitment to motor control reinforces the green revolution

Sensor and signal conditioning Full bridge topology

Monolithic motor driver ICs

including small QFN and the powerSO featuring 1C/W Rthj-c

components, the cost and the complexity

 Wide operating voltage, current and temperature ranges

2.7 m 100 V STP310N10F7

 Simplifies driving stage for

P-channel FETs (no bootstrap circuitry)

Part number ST*155N3H6 ST*95N3LLH6

Fully clamped Fully clamped Fully clamped

Complementary pair Complementary pair

multichannel gate drivers available

Logic interface Input configuration Input configuration

VCC max (V)

UVLO on VCC (V)

UVLO on VBOOT (V)

Umot (motor voltage)

Sensor and signal conditioning

Imot (motor current)

t Torque Voltage increase

Zero crossing detection Phase control drive

Galvanic isolation Driver

Control unit Driver

Duty cycle increase

Sensor and signal conditioning High-frequency AC chopping drive

Intelligent Power Modules

Power supply User interface Bus transceiver

Sensor and signal conditioning

Sensor and signal conditioning

PSC single-phase induction motor can be driven by three-phase

Key Products TRIAC, ACS and ACST Families

Part number T435T-600FP T635T*1 T series T8T T12T T16T

Current rating (ARMS) 6 8

Non repetitive surge peak on-state current (A) 30 45 60 90 120

Repetitive off-state voltage (V)

Operating Tj max (C)

TO-220AB-Insulated 2500 V; TO-220AB-FP1; TO-220AB1

10, logic level, 3Q 20/35, Snubberless, 3Q 25, standard, 4Q

Packages TO220 TO220

VDRM - VRRM (V)

Operating Tj max (C)

TO220, D2PAK, TO-220I

 Internally protected, no need of

external circuitry to meet IEC 61000-4-4 and -4-5 standards

Current rating (ARMS) 2 4 6 8 10 12 16 0.2 0.2 0.8 1 2

Repetitive off-state voltage (V)

Operating Tj max (C)

700 700 800 600 600 800 700 700

125 125 150 125 125 125 125 125

Control unit Vcc

 Short-circuit rugged  Co-packaged tailored anti-parallel

 Negative temperature  Several package options

Collector current max @ 100 C (A) 10 10 14 14 19 20 30 30 50

Short-circuit rugged No Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes No

from 300 V to 1200 V

available in different packages temperature

Average rectified current max (A) 8 8 30 8 20 30 5 5 8 12 15 30

600 V ultrafast rectifiers

Note: 1. See datasheet for testing conditions.

 Spark-free thermostat needing no  Optimized BOM and cost

5% - 15% more energy efficient

 Robust and rugged solution

Wide operating voltage, current and temperature ranges

Simplifies driving stage for

Part number ST155N3H6 ST95N3LLH6

Internally protected, no need of

Short-circuit rugged Co-packaged tailored anti-parallel

Negative temperature Several package options

Spark-free thermostat needing no Optimized BOM and cost

Robust and rugged solution

PC interface SW for communication

Simplifies driving stage for

Negative temperature derating of VCE(SAT) Several package options

STGP19NC60S(D) STG30NC60S STG6NC60HD STG*10NC60H(D)

Up to 20 kHz STG7NC60H(D) STG19NC60H(D) STG*20NC60V(D)

Up to 200 A current range Low-profile PowerFLAT

Different VF/TRR trade-offs available

175 C operating junction

DBC-based SDIP package for low Wide product portfolio covering

Improved switch-off energy spread

Co-packaged anti-parallel diode

Negative temperature derating of Several package options

Part number STGD3HF60HDT4 STG6NC60HD STG10NC60KD STG14NC60KD STG19NC60KD STG30NC60KD STG40NC60KD