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PhonologyPracticeExercises Linguistics201 March13,2009 Tongan TonganisanAustronesianlanguagewhichisspokenbyabout100,000people, primarilyinthesouthPacific,inplacessuchasTonga,AmericanSamoaandFiji. TherearealsoafewspeakersinNorthAmerica,AustraliaandNewZealand. ConsidertheTongandatabelowandthenanswerthequestionsthatfollow. 1.[fata] 'shelf' 5.[sisi] 'grand' 2.[motu] 'island' 6.

d' 6.[mosimosi] 'todrizzle' 3.[motomoto] 'unripe' 7.[fesi] 'tobreak' 4.[movete] 'tocomeapart' Whatisthedistributionofthephones[s]and[t]inTongan?Aretheyseparate phonemes,oraretheyallophonesofthesamephoneme? Ifyouthinktheyareseparatephonemes,statetheevidenceshowingthatthetwo soundsarecontrastive.Ifyouthinktheyareallophonesofthesamephoneme,write aphonologicalrulethataccountsfortheirdistribution. Sindhi SindhiisanIndoEuropeanlanguagewhichisspokenprimarilyinPakistanbyabout 21millionpeople. 1.[pnu] leaf 7.[tru] bottom 2.[vdu] opportunity 8.[khto] sour 3.[eki] suspicious 9.[bdu] run 4.[gdo] dull 10.[bnu] forest 5.[dru] door 11.[btu] besafe h 6.[p nu] hoodofsnake 12.[ddu] judge Whatisthedistributionofthephones[p],[b]and[ph]inSindhi?Aretheyseparate phonemes,oraretheyallophonesofthesamephoneme?Giveevidenceforyour answerbyeitherprovidingaruleforthedistributionoftheallophonesoraminimal pairforthephonemes.

Micmac MicmacisanAlgonquianlanguagewhichisspokenbyabout7,000peopleineastern Canada,inplacessuchasCapeBretonIsland,NewBrunswick,andtheGasp PeninsulaofQuebec.Infact,thenameGaspcomesfromtheMicmacwordgespeg, meaning"land'send". 1.[pis] 'flea' 7.[sipsulk] 'tocausetrembling' 2.[sabus] 'pierced' 8.[tibol] 'itfalls' 3.[talsip] 'when' 9.[sebai] 'tohunt' 4.[walpok] 'pool' 10.[alispei] 'tobewet' 5.[ababo] 'thread' 11.[pabi] 'play' 6.[kalibu] 'caribou' 12.[apsem] 'towarm' Are[p]and[b]separatephonemesinMicmac,oraretheyallophonesofthesame phoneme?Giveevidenceforyouranswerbyeitherprovidingaruleforthe distributionoftheallophonesoraminimalpairforthephonemes. Mokilese MokileseisanotherAustronesianlanguage,whichisspokenonapairofsmall islandsintheFederatedStatesofMicronesia,byabout1,000people.Examinethe Mokilesedatabelowandthenanswerthequestionsthatfollow.

Phonetically,Mokilesehasvoicelessvowels(whicharedenotedwiththediacriticfor voicelessnessunderneaththem).Whatisthenaturalclassofvowelsthatcanbe devoicedinMokilese?Whatisthephoneticenvironmentwhichdetermineswhen thesevowelsbecomevoiceless?

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