National History Day

Annotated Bibliography

Amit Kannan

Junior Division

Individual Website

Primary Sources

ANAESTHESIA AND ANALGESIA A Pictorial History. Gentlemen, This Is No Humbug. 1846. Photograph. Web. 17 Feb. 2013. <http://www.general-anaesthesia.com/images/index.html>. This picture showed how Anesthesia was shown at the Mass General Hospital by Dr. Morton. This was a picture of the first public demonstration use of ether. It was important as a patient was then placed on ether. This came with Dr. Horace Wells getting angry as he stated that he used Ether prior to Morton.

ANESTHESIA PATIENT SAFETY FOUNDATION NEWSLETTER. Volume 1, No.<http://www.apsf.org/newsletters/html/1986/spring/> This picture showed the first administration of ether given by Dr. William Morton at the Massachusetts general Hospital.

Anesthesia, n.d. Web. 07 Mar. 2013.

<http://www.stephan-gmbh.com/index.php?en_anaesthesia >.

This source showed how modern day anesthetics are used. It also shows of how the instruments look, as well as how much the technology has improved.

"Bite Down on a Stick: The History of Anesthesia." Io9. Web. 3 Jan. 2013
Jan.2013.<http://io9.com/5787069/bite-down-on-a-stick-the-history-of-anesthesia >

This source helped me to have an overview of what it was like to have an operation done before the invention of anesthesia.

CIVIL WAR MEDICAL BOOKS. A Manual on Etherization Containing Directions for the Employment of Ether, Chloroform, and Other Anaesthetic Agents, by Inhalation, in Surgical Operations by Charles Jackson Published by

J.B.Mansfield,Boston,1861.<www.civilwarmedicalbooks.com/A_Manual_o f_Etherization.html> Web. 3 Jan. 2013 This source showed what Charles Jacksons mentality was as he invented ether and wrote Manual on Etherization.

"Division of Minimally-Invasive Robotic and Laparoscopic Gynecologic Surgery." St. Luke's and Roosevelt Divison of Minimally-Invasive Robotic and Laparoscopic Gynecologic Surgery * New York, NY * NYC. Web. 02 Mar. 2013.<http://www.gynlaparoscopyrobotic.com/>

This site was a combination of many resources, some of which included

facts of how anesthesia was necessary.

dodd.cmcvellore.ac.in/hom/06%20-%20Susruta.html.06 - SUSRUTA SURGEON OF OLD INDIA. This picture showed how surgeries in India took place without anesthesia.

Dream of a World Without Pain. Nap-a-mint-dentist. This picture shows how famous people can get for finding a cure to surgery.

Examiner.com. Dentist William Morton Uses Ether as Anesthetic. This picture shows the event of anesthesia (ether) given to a patient in order to cure pain. This also shows how ether was administered with cloth rather than instrument and how anesthesia has drastically changed from it start.

General Anesthetics." General Anesthetics. Web. 03 Mar. 2013. This showed the performance of Anesthetics along with how it changed from when it got invented.

General Anesthetics. Horace Wells. < http://www.general anaesthesia.com/people/horace-wells.html> This picture showed how Horace Wells looked like.

General Anesthetics. Military Opposition and Religious Objections to Anesthetics, 1846-1848. Web. 03 Mar. 2013. . This information was helpful because it showed why anesthesia, although it saved many lives, was controversial.

General Anesthetics. Professor Charles Jackson.< http://www.generalanaesthesia.com/people/charles-jackson.html> This picture showed how Charles Jackson looked like.

Harman, Claire. Fanny Burney: A Biography. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2001 . Print. This detailed description of surgery without anesthesia showed the intensity of pain in the patients own words.

Horace Wells From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Dr. Horace Wells. This picture shows how Horace Wells looks like.

"Information concerning Anesthesia." Greater Houston Anesthesiology. N.p., n.d.

Web. 03 Jan. 2013. This showed how hard people worked and how they looked when they developed Anesthesia.

Keys, Thomas E. The History of Surgical Anesthesia. Illinois Wood Museum of Anesthesiology, 1996. Print.
This book showed a full and thorough explanation of the history of anesthesia including a timeline and many useful resources. It also stated how patients felt when anesthesia was not invented.

Les phmrides d'Alcide. 1846 Premire anesthsie l'the.r.<http://www.lessignets.com/signetsdiane/calendrier/sept/30.htm> This picture showed how anesthesia was administered.

"Massachusetts General Hospital." Home. N.p., n.d. Web. 01 Jan. 2013. This led me to find a great deal of information including videos describing the importance of anesthesia. The videos also showed how anesthesia changed the way that soldiers were treated. There were also staffs of MGH that I asked questions to in order to receive information, they then replied and were also a help.

"Nitrous Oxide ( 'laughing Gas' )." Nitrous Oxide ( 'laughing Gas' ). N.p., n.d. 02 Mar. 2013. <http://www.general-anaesthesia.com/people/nitrousoxide.htm>.

Web.

This picture showed how anesthetics were used and how the instruments looked. Specifically, it showed how chloroform was administered. It also showed how the masks for chloroform were put on to the patients.

"No. 211: Anesthetics." No. 211: Anesthetics. N.p., n.d. Web. 03 Jan. 2013. N.p., n.d. Web. This picture showed the basics of anesthesia in olden day.

N.d. Photograph. Really Short History of Laughing Gas & Ether. Web. 17 2013. <http://www.reshgasflow.com/stories/s hort_history.html>.
This collection of pictures showed how the operations of ancient day looked like and who made them.

Feb.

N.d. Photograph. The Discovery of Anesthesia: Focus on History (part 2). 17 Feb. 2013. <http://www.examiner.com/article/the-discoveryof-anesthesia-focus-on-history-part-2>.

Web.

In this picture it show how operations with anesthesia were carried out in the 1800's.

Polite dissent. Past-Life Pirate Possession Syndrome. <http://www.politedissent.com/archives/2259> This picture shows how doctors thought before the invention of anesthetics when a surgical operation was necessary. Popular Science Monthly/Volume 19/July 1881/Sketch of Dr. Charles T. Jackson. CHARLES THOMAS JACKSON.<http://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Popular_Science_Monthly/Volume_19/J uly_1881/Sketch_of_Dr. _Charles_T._Jackson> This picture showed how Charles Jackson looked like.

Romancing the past. Amputation without anesthesia, 1775. <http://romancingthepast.blogspot.com/2011/09/regency-medical-men.html> This picture shows the struggle of operations before the invention of anesthetics.

Science Clarified. Photograph tittle unknown. <http://www.scienceclarified.com/Al-As/Anesthesia.html>.

This photograph was used in the events page and showed how doctors treated patients after chloroform was invented.

sld.cu. the first administration of anesthesia in military surgery on occasion of the Mexican American war.<http://files.sld.cu/anestesiologia/files/2012/09/the_first_administration_of_an esth esia_in _military19.pdf> This document shows the uses of anesthesia in military surgery.

Surgical Anaesthesia as a Metaphor for Liberalism. horace_wells_anaesthetic.< http://www.trincoll.edu/classes/hist300/group2/horace.htm> This picture shows the opinion that some people had on ether.

The Discovery of Anesthesia: Focus on history (part 2).Anesthesia in the 1800s. <http://www.examiner.com/article/the-discovery-of-anesthesia-focus-on-history-p art-2> This picture showed how anesthesia was administered by Morton.

The story and tragedy of Horace Wells. Laughing1.

This picture was used on my events page and shows when and how the stage show that Dr. Horace Wells went to in which he got the idea of Nitrous Oxide as an anesthetic looked like.

Todays Anesthetized Yet Truly Morbid Fact! A staged photograph of a Union soldier receiving anesthesia during the Civil War. This picture shows how operations were conducted during the Civil War.

United States Patent Office, Boson Medical and Surgical Journal, and MGH. Cirtain Doucuments Pertaining to the Discovery of Ether. N.p.: n.p., n.d. Print.
These early documents given to me by the American Anesthesiologist Society helped in many ways.

William T. G. Morton From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. William Thomas Green Morton. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_T._G._Morton.>

This source shows how William Morton looked like.

William T. G. Morton. Morton_inhaler. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_T._G._Morton> This picture shows what anesthesia in the form of chloroform was administered by.

Secondary Sources

"19th century Inventions." 19th Century Inventions. N.p., n.d. Web. 03 Jan. 2013. This picture showed how anesthesia was used and how people looked while in the process of administering.

"150 Years of Anesthesia 1846-1996." 150 Years of Anesthesia 1846-1996. N.p., .d. Web. 03 Jan. 2013. This helped me in finding and confirming all of my information such as the era and time periods of my data.

"Accidental Inventions." Accidental Invention of Ether Anesthesia. N.p., n.d. Web. 03 Jan. 2013. This source helped me to get information about anesthesia, how it was invented as well as its importance and how life would be without it.

American Society of Anesthesiology. "Demonstrations of Historic Propoetions." Newsletter Sept. 1996: n. pag. Print.

This, given to me from the ASA, proved to be a great use in my project, for example it showed how anesthesia was developed and what was being done to improve anesthetics.

"Anesthesia History Association." Anesthesia History Association. N.p., n.d. Web. 03 Jan. 2013. This source showed how anesthesia got developed and by whom researchers think to give credit to for the most lifesaving medical discovery.

"Anesthesia / History of Medicine." Anesthesia / History of Medicine. Web. 12 2013.

May

<http://www.blatner.com/adam/consctransf/historyofmedicine/4-anesthesia/hxane sthes.html>. This site shows documents and information related to anesthesia that shows why anesthesia was needed and why it was feared.

"Anesthetics." Dictionary.com. Web. 04 Jan. 2013. This source helped me to understand certain facts about anesthesia as well as definitions.

BBC. In Our Time. BBC Radio Four Broadcast. Web. 09 <http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b00775zv>.

Jan. 2013.

This broadcast helped me because I was able to hear interviews along with quotes of what people, specifically anesthesiologists thought during the process of the invention of anesthesia. I used it in my "Turning Point in History" page.

BizarroBlog. Brain Go.<http://bizarrocomic.blogspot.com/2010/04/brain-goo.html>

This comic shows how before the invention of anesthetics, doctors treated their patients.

Cen"Nate's Nonsense." : Crawford Long. N.p., n.d. Web. 03 Jan. 2013. This picture showed how anesthesia was used and how people looked while in the process of administering, and how the instruments might look.

Cox-Miller, Kathleen, Interview by Amit kannan. 4 May 2013. This interview helped with various things but most of all to prove that surgery has improved so much since the invention of anesthetics.

Ebay. Miracle against Pain. <http://i.ebayimg.com/t/1946-cartoon-story-DRWILLIAM-MORTON-/00/s/MTAzM1gxNjAw/$%28KGrHqJ,!iwEllhveGUBPwb%28F5dN!~~60_35.JPG. internet: accessed 10 Jan 2013. This shows a short history of Dr. William Morton and the development of anesthesia as a cartoon.

Fradin, Dennis B. With a Little Luck: Surprising Stories of Amazing Discoveries. New York: Dutton Children's, 2006. Print. This book showed how anesthesia got invented. It also shows how some luck was necessary to invent anesthesia.

Fenster, J. M. Ether Day: The Strange Tale of America's Greatest Medical Discovery and the Haunted Men Who Made It. New York, NY: HarperCollins, 2001. Print. This book was a detailed account of how Ether was invented and the

fight over the patent of Ether.

General Anesthetics. Nitrous Oxide. <http://www.general-anaesthesia.com/people/nitrous-oxide.htm> This picture shows how Nitrous Oxide is administered.

Gunjan, Albert, Interview by Amit kannan. 4 May 2013. This interview helped with various thing but most of all to prove that without the invention of anesthetics, more complex surgeries could not be possible.

History of Anesthesia Society. BBC Documentary: Scream: The History of Anaesthetics. These videos showed how horrific life was without anesthesia. It also shows not only how anesthesia was celebrated, but also how uses of anesthetics in military related operations were prohibited due to the thought by which young men were brave enough to tolerate the pain. This video also showed how before anesthetics, patients resisted surgery to the point where they dealt with problems such as tumors, that in most cases were bigger than themselves.

"History of Anaesthesia Society - All." History of Anaesthesia Society. N.p., n.d. Web. 03 Jan. 2013. This showed how treacherous the era of time was before ether. It also provided me with information of how and where operations would take place and with whom. It also showed the screams of patients during early times.

Johnson, Quinn, Interview by Amit kannan. 4 May 2013. This interview helped with various thing but most of all to prove that there were many people with great ideas that were the foundation of anesthetics by which we know today.

Lecture 4: THE DISCOVERY AND INVENTION OF ANESTHESIA. Living made easy.

<http://www.blatner.com/adam/consctransf/historyofmedicine/4anesthesia/hxanesthes.html>

This picture show how laughing gas made people lose their conscience.

"Medical Research History." - Historic Research of Medicine and Health. N.p., n.d. Web. 03 Jan. 2013. This source led me to find out more information, and it provided me with a surplus amount of details about the invention of anesthesia.

Myers, Robert, Interview by Amit kannan. 4 May 2013. This interview helped with various things but most of all to prove that surgery before the invention of anesthetics was a tragedy and although anesthesia saved a countless amount of lives, the path it took to reach the modern anesthetics of today was wretched.

nevadadesertexperience.org. notav. This picture helped on the interview pages as it served as a picture when none was available.

No. 211: ANESTHETICS. Anesthop. < http://www.uh.edu/engines/anesthop.jpg>

This picture shows how the demonstration at the Ether Dome looked like.

Nostrum. Stronger Ether. <http://www.general-anaesthesia.com/images/ether.html> This picture showed how ether is contained prior to an operation.

N.p., n.d. Web. 12 Mar. 2013. <http://www.jawsurgery.com/>. This video shows the history of anesthesia by using pictures as well music. This video also shows how anesthesia was administered in the era of its invention.

Pandya, Pranav, Interview by Amit kannan. 4 May 2013. This interview helped with various things but most of all to prove that there were painful surgeries that were carried out before the invention of anesthetics, but after the invention of anesthetics more complicated and elongated surgeries took place with survival.

Polston, Gregory, Interview by Amit kannan. 4 May 2013. This interview helped with various thing but most of all to prove that due to the invention of anesthetics, there are now many more dangerous things than undergo a surgical operation.

Schlame, Michael, Interview by Amit kannan. 4 May 2013. This interview helped with various thing but most of all to prove that anesthetics was one of the greatest turning points in history as it led to the start to a whole new era of surgery.

Science / Wells. XM10010356. <http://www.trincoll.edu/classes/hist300/group2/horace.htm> This picture shows how Dr. HoraceWells killed himself.

Scott-Herring, Mary, Interview by Amit kannan. 4 May 2013. This interview helped with various things but most of all to prove that without the invention of anesthetics surgical operations would be painful.

Surgical Anaesthesia as a Metaphor for Liberalism. horace_wells_anaesthetic. <http://cigarettesandsmokes.blogspot.com/2011/09/surgical-anaesthesia-as-met aphor- for.html> This picture shows how Dr. Wells died.