Quiz 7

Due: 11:59pm on Monday, November 26, 2012 Note: You will receive no credit for late submissions. To learn more, read your instructor's Grading Policy

Question 1
Determine the oxidation number for the indicated element in each of the following compounds.

Part A
in Express your answer as an integer. ANSWER: 4

Correct

Part B
in Express your answer as an integer. ANSWER: 2

Correct

Part C
in Express your answer as an integer. ANSWER: 3

Correct

Part D
in Express your answer as an integer. ANSWER: -2

Correct

Part E
in Express your answer as an integer. ANSWER: 3

Correct

Part F
in Express your answer as an integer. ANSWER: 6

Correct

Question 2
Part A
Which of the following are redox reactions?

Check all that apply. ANSWER: P4(s) + 10HClO(aq) + 6H2O(l) ! 4H3PO4(aq) + 10HCl(aq) Br2(l) + 2K(s) ! 2KBr(s) CH3CH2OH(l) + 3O2(g) ! 3H2O(l) + 2CO2(g) ZnCl2(aq) + 2NaOH(aq) ! Zn(OH)2(s) + 2NaCl(aq)

Correct

Part B
For those reactions that are redox, indicate which elements are oxidized. Express your answers as chemical symbols separated by a commas. ANSWER:

Correct

Part C
For those reactions that are redox, indicate which elements are reduced. Express your answers as chemical symbols separated by a commas. ANSWER:

Correct

Part D
For those reactions that are not redox, indicate whether they are precipitation or neutralization reactions. ANSWER: precipitation neutralization

Correct

Question 3
Redox reactions can be balanced using the method of half reactions. To balance a redox reaction in acidic solution, first break the reaction into two unbalanced half reactions. Each half reaction must then be balanced separately using the following steps: (1) balance all atoms except H and O; (2) balance the oxygen atoms by adding water to the side that needs more oxygen; (3) balance hydrogen atoms by adding hydrogen ions ( ) to the side that needs more hydrogen atoms; (4) balance the charges on each side by adding electrons to the side that has the greater positive charge. Once each half reaction is balanced, multiply both half reactions by a whole number in order to make electrons lost in one half reaction equal the number of electrons gained in the other half reaction. Next, add both half reactions and simplify the equation. Finally, check your work by counting the atoms and total charges on each side of the equation.

Part A
Balance the reaction which occurs under acidic conditions: Report the coefficients needed to balance the equation in the following order with each coefficient separated by a comma: (example: 1,2,3,4,5,6) ANSWER: 1,3,8,2,3,4

Correct

Part B
Balance the following redox reaction which occurs under acidic conditions: Report the coefficients needed to balance the equation in the following order with each coefficient separated by a comma: ANSWER: 5,2,16,10,2,8

Correct

Question 4
Redox reactions can be balanced using the method of half reactions. To balance a redox reaction in basic solution, first break the reaction into two unbalanced half reactions. Balance each half reaction as if it occurred in acidic solution: (1) balance all atoms except H and O; (2) balance the oxygen atoms by adding water to the side that needs more oxygen; (3) balance hydrogen atoms by adding hydrogen ions ( ) to the side that needs more hydrogen atoms; (4) balance the charges on each side by adding electrons to the side that has the greater positive charge. Once each half reaction is balanced, you must "correct" for the fact that the reaction actually occurs in basic solution. For each present in the half reaction, add the same number of hydroxide ions ( ) to BOTH sides of the equation. Combine the hydrogen and hydoxide ions that are found on the same side of the equation to form water. Cancel out water molecules as needed to simplify. Now, multiply both half reactions by a whole number in order to make electrons lost in one half reaction equal the number of electrons gained in the other half reaction. Next, add both half reactions and simplify the equation. Finally, check your work by counting the atoms and total charges on each side of the equation.

Part A
Balance the following equation in basic solution: Report the coefficients needed to balance the equation in the following order with the numbers separated by a comma: (Example: 1,2,3,4,5,6) ANSWER: 4,3,4,4,3,8

Correct

Part B

Balance the following equation in basic solution: Report the coefficients needed to balance the equation in the following order with the numbers separated by a comma: ANSWER: 1,4,2,2,4,5

Correct

Question 5
Indicate whether each of the following statements is true or false.

Part A
If something is oxidized, it is formally losing electrons. ANSWER: true false

Correct

Part B
For the reaction , is the reducing agent and ANSWER: true false is the oxidizing agent.

Correct

Part C
If there are no changes in the oxidation state of the reactants or products of a particular reaction, that reaction is not a redox reaction. ANSWER: true false

Correct

Question 6
A voltaic cell similar to that shown in Figure 20.5 in the textbook is constructed. One electrode compartment consists of an aluminum strip placed in a solution of , and the other has a nickel strip placed in a solution of . The overall cell reaction is

Part A
What is being oxidized? Express your answer as a chemical expression. ANSWER:

Correct

Part B
What is being reduced? Express your answer as a chemical expression. ANSWER:

Correct

Part C
Write the half-reactions that occur in the two electrode compartments. Express your answer as a chemical equation. Identify all of the phases in your answer. ANSWER: anode reaction:

Correct

Part D
Express your answer as a chemical equation. Identify all of the phases in your answer. ANSWER: cathode reaction:

Correct

Part E
Which electrode is the anode, and which is the cathode? ANSWER: electrode is the anode, electrode is the anode, electrode is the cathode. electrode is the cathode.

Correct

Part F

Indicate the signs of the electrodes. ANSWER: electrode is negative, electrode is negative, electrode is positive. electrode is positive.

Correct

Part G
Do electrons flow from the aluminum electrode to the nickel electrode, or from the nickel to the aluminum? ANSWER: Electrons flow from the nickel electrode to the aluminum electrode. Electrons flow from the aluminum electrode to the nickel electrode.

Correct

Part H
In which directions do the cations and anions migrate through the solution? Assume the its oxide. ANSWER: Cations and anions migrate to the nickel electrode. Cations migrate to the nickel electrode, anions migrate to the aluminum electrode. Cations migrate to the aluminum electrode, anions migrate to the nickel electrode. Cations and anions migrate to the aluminum electrode. is not coated with

Correct

Question 7

Nickel and aluminum electrodes are used to build a galvanic cell. At 25 nickel(II) ion is 0.26 and that of the aluminum(III) ion is 1.66 .

, the standard reduction potential for the

Part A
What is the theoretical cell potential assuming standard conditions? Express your answer with the appropriate units.

Hint 1. How to approach the problem

Recall that the potentials for nickel and aluminum found in a table are both written in reduction form. We know that, in any redox reaction, there must be only one reduction half-reaction and one oxidation halfreaction. Therefore, you will have to change the sign on one of the values to express it in oxidation form. Once you have done that, you simply add the two numbers:

Also recall that spontaneous redox reactions must have a positive sign for

ANSWER: = 1.40

Correct

Part B
Which metal is the cathode?

Hint 1. How to approach the problem

Reduction occurs at the cathode. In your calculation for Part A, you had to change the sign of one of the half-reactions to indicate that it is the oxidation half-reaction. The half-reaction whose sign you did not change is therefore the reduction half-reaction.

ANSWER:

Al Ni

Correct
The half-reaction involving nickel is a reduction reaction, thus making oxidized and is therefore the anode. the cathode. Aluminum is

Part C
Which statement is true?

Hint 1. Electron flow

In any redox reaction, one component loses electrons and one component gains electrons. Therefore, electrons must be flowing toward the component that is gaining electrons.

Hint 2. Electrode mass

The oxidation half-reaction tells us that solid aluminum is being turned into aqueous aluminum ions. In other words, the aluminum electrode is dissolving.

The reduction half-reaction tells us that nickel ions are being turned into solid nickel, which plates onto the nickel electrode.

ANSWER: Electrons flow from Ni to Al. Electrons flow from Al to Ni. The nickel electrode loses mass. The aluminum electrode gains mass.

Correct

Part D

Type the shorthand notation for this cell. Do not include concentrations. For example, in shorthand notation your answer might look like Cu|Cu^+||Pd^(2+)|Pd. To enter a vertical line, type shift+backslash.

Hint 1. How to approach the problem

In shorthand notation, a single vertical line (|) represents a phase boundary, such as that between a solid electrode and an aqueous solution, and the double vertical line (||) denotes a salt bridge. The shorthand for the anode half-cell is always written on the left of the salt-bridge symbol, followed on the right by the shorthand for the cathode half-cell. The electrodes are written on the extreme left (anode) and the extreme right (cathode), so that each half-cell appears as reactant followed by product.

ANSWER: Al|Al^(3+)||Ni^(2+)|Ni

Correct

Question 8
Using standard reduction potentials (Appendix E in the textbook), calculate the standard emf for each of the following reactions.

Part A
. Express your answer using three significant figures. ANSWER: = 0.823

Correct

Part B
. Express your answer using three significant figures.

ANSWER: = 1.89

Correct

Part C
. Express your answer using four significant figures. ANSWER: = 1.211

Correct

Part D
. Express your answer using two significant figures. ANSWER: = 0.62

Correct

Question 9
Part A
Assuming standard conditions, arrange the following in order of decreasing strength as oxidizing agents in acidic solution: . Rank from strongest to weakest. To rank items as equivalent, overlap them. ANSWER:

Answer Requested

Part B
Arrange the following in order of decreasing strength as reducing agents in acidic solution: . Rank from strongest to weakest. To rank items as equivalent, overlap them. ANSWER:

Correct

Question 10
The equilibrium constant, , for a redox reaction is related to the standard potential, , by the equation

where

is the number of moles of electrons transferred, , and

(the Faraday constant) is equal to 96,500 is the Kelvin temperature.

(the gas constant) is equal to 8.314

Standard reduction potentials

Reduction half-reaction ( )

0.80 0.34

0.15 0 0.26 0.45 0.76 1.66 2.37

Part A
Use the table of standard reduction potentials given above to calculate the equilibrium constant at 25 following reaction: for the

Express your answer numerically using two significant figures.

Hint 1. How to approach the problem

First, determine : for the reaction using values from the table. Next, determine the value of n by to kelvin and solve the following equation for looking at the balanced overall reaction. Finally, convert

Recall that if

, then

Hint 2. Determine the value of E

What is the value of for this reaction?

Express your answer numerically in volts.

Hint 1. How to approach the problem

Determine the potential for each half-reaction using the table, then add them together:

Be aware that this table only shows reduction half-reactions. Therefore, the potential for the

corresponding oxidation half-reaction has the opposite sign of the value given.

Hint 2. Determine the reduction potential

What is the value of for the following half-reaction?

Express your answer numerically in volts. ANSWER: = -0.26

Hint 3. Determine the oxidation potential

What is the value of for the following half-reaction?

Express your answer numerically in volts.

Hint 1. How to approach the problem

By reversing any of the reduction half-reactions, you get the corresponding oxidation halfreaction for which has the opposite sign of .

ANSWER: = 0.45

ANSWER: = 0.19

Hint 3. Determine the value of n

What is the value of for the following reaction?

Express your answer numerically as an integer.

Hint 1. How to approach the problem

The value for is equal to the number of moles of electrons transferred in the balanced overall reaction. Here are some examples:

Now determine the value of

for the reaction in question:

ANSWER: = 2

Hint 4. Convert the temperature to kelvin

What Kelvin temperature corresponds to 25 ?

Express your answer numerically in kelvins. ANSWER: = 298

ANSWER: = 2.7"106

Correct
When and the reaction favors the products.

Part B
Calculate the standard cell potential ( ) for the reaction

if T = 25

and

= 1.31"10#3.

Express your answer numerically in volts using two significant figures.

Hint 1. How to approach the problem

First, determine the value of n. Then, use the following equation to find :

Keep in mind that standard temperature is 298

Hint 2. Determine the value of n

What value of n should be used to calculate ?

Express your answer numerically as an integer.

Hint 1. How to approach the problem

The value for is equal to the number of moles of electrons transferred in the balanced overall reaction. Here are some examples:

Now determine the value of

for the reaction in question:

ANSWER:

= 1

ANSWER: = -0.17

All attempts used; correct answer displayed

When and the reaction favors reactants.

Question 11
Given the following reduction half-reactions:

Part A
Write balanced chemical equation for the oxidation of by .

Express your answer as a chemical equation. Identify all of the phases in your answer. ANSWER:

Correct

Part B

Calculate

for this reaction at 298

Express your answer using two significant figures. ANSWER: = 33

Correct

Part C
Calculate the equilibrium constant for this reaction at 298 .

Express your answer using one significant figure. ANSWER: = 2"10#6

Correct

Part D
Write balanced chemical equation for the oxidation of by .

Express your answer as a chemical equation. Identify all of the phases in your answer. ANSWER:

Correct

Part E
Calculate for this reaction at 298 .

Express your answer using three significant figures. ANSWER:

= 490

Correct

Part F
Calculate the equilibrium constant for this reaction at 298 .

Express your answer using one significant figure. ANSWER: = 1"10#86

Answer Requested

Part G
Write balanced chemical equation for the oxidation of by .

Express your answer as a chemical equation. Identify all of the phases in your answer. ANSWER:

Correct

Part H
Calculate for this reaction at 298 .

Express your answer using two significant figures. ANSWER: = -22

Correct

Part I
Calculate the equilibrium constant value for for this reaction at 298 . Be sure to use extra significant figures in the that you calculated in the previous part to avoid rounding errors.

Express your answer using one significant figure. ANSWER: = 8000

Correct

Question 12
If the equilibrium constant for a two-electron redox reaction at 298 and under standard conditions. is 1.5"10#4, calculate the corresponding

Part A
Express your answer using two significant figures. ANSWER: = 22

Correct

Part B
Express your answer using two significant figures. ANSWER: = -0.11

Correct

Question 13
Learning Goal: To learn how to use the Nernst equation. The standard reduction potentials listed in any reference table are only valid at standard-state conditions of 1 and, typically, 25 . To calculate the cell potential at non-standard-state conditions, one uses the Nernst equation,

where

is the potential in volts,

is the standard potential in volts,

is the gas constant, is the

is the temperature in kelvin, Faraday constant, and

is the number of moles of electrons transferred,

is the reaction quotient.

Consider the reaction

at 89

, where

2.90

and

0.310

Part A
What is the value for the reaction quotient, Express your answer numerically. , for the cell?

Hint 1. How to approach the problem

In the reaction quotient, the concentrations of the aqueous products appear in the numerator, and the concentrations of the aqueous reactants appear in the denominator. Just like an equilibrium constant, , the coefficients in the balanced equation must also be considered.

Hint 2. Determine the setup for Q

In this problem, what setup is used to calculate the value for the reaction quotient, ANSWER: ?

Correct

ANSWER: = 0.107

Correct

Part B
What is the value for the temperature, , in kelvin?

Express your answer to three significant figures and include the appropriate units.

Hint 1. Do an example conversion

What Kelvin temperature corresponds to the Celsius temperature of 0 ?

Express your answer to three significant figures and include the appropriate units. ANSWER: = 273

ANSWER:

= 362

Correct

Part C
What is the value for ?

Express your answer as an integer and include the appropriate units.

Hint 1. How to approach the problem

The value for is equal to the number of moles of electrons transferred in the balanced overall reaction. Here are some examples:

Now determine the value of

for the reaction in question:

ANSWER: = 2

Correct

Part D
Calculate the standard cell potential for

Express your answer to three significant figures and include the appropriate units.

Hint 1. How to approach the problem

Using the table below determine the potential for each half-reaction, then add them together:

Reduction half-reaction

0.80 0.34 0.15 0 0.26 0.45 0.76 1.66 2.37 Be aware that this table only shows reduction half-reactions. Therefore, the potential for the oxidation half-reaction has the opposite sign of the value given.

Hint 2. Determine the oxidation potential

What is the value of for the following half-reaction?

Express your answer to three significant figures and include the appropriate units. ANSWER: = 2.37

Hint 3. Determine the reduction potential

What is the value of for the following half-reaction?

Express your answer to two decimal places and include the appropriate units. ANSWER: = -0.45

ANSWER: = 1.92

Correct

Part E
What is the cell potential for the reaction at 89 when 2.90 and 0.310 .

Express your answer to three significant figures and include the appropriate units.

Hint 1. How to approach the problem

Use the Nernst equation

to calculate

. Plug in the values of

, and

that you calculated in the previous parts.

ANSWER: = 1.95

Correct

Question 14
A voltaic cell is constructed that uses the following reaction and operates at 298 :

Part A
What is the emf of this cell under standard conditions? Express your answer using two significant figures. ANSWER: = 0.48

Correct

Part B
What is the emf of this cell when 3.20 and 0.180 ?

Express your answer using two significant figures. ANSWER: = 0.52

Correct

Part C
What is the emf of the cell when 0.200 and 0.810 ?

Express your answer using two significant figures. ANSWER: = 0.47

Correct

Question 15

A voltaic cell utilizes the following reaction: .

Part A
What is the emf of this cell under standard conditions? Express your answer using two significant figures. ANSWER: = 0.46

Correct

Part B
What is the emf of this cell when 2.0 , 1.9"10#2 , 0.58 and the of the

solution in the cathode compartment is 2.5? Express your answer using two significant figures. ANSWER: = 0.43

Answer Requested

Score Summary:
Your score on this assignment is 89.1%. You received 13.37 out of a possible total of 15 points.