NCERT Book - Sanskrit - Class IX

fo"k;kuqØef.
kdk
i`"BkÄïk%
iqjksoko~Q v
Hkwfedk ix
eÄõye~ 1&1
1- HkkjrholUrxhfr% 2&6
2- Lo.kZdkd% 7&16
3- lkseizHke~ 17&25
4- dYir#% 26&31
5- lwfDrekSfDrde~ 32&37
6- HkzkUrks cky% 38&44
7- izR;fHkKkue~ 45&55
8- ykSgrqyk 56&62
9- fldrklsrq% 63&70
10- tVk;ks% 'kkS;Ze~ 71&77
11- i;kZoj.ke~ 78&84
12- okÄ~eu%izk.kLo:ie~ 85&90

f}rh;% ikB%
Lo.kZdkd%
izLrqr ikB Jh in~e'kkL=kh }kjk jfpr ¶fo'odFkk'krde~¸ uked dFkklaxzg ls fy;k x;k gS]
ftlesa fofHkUu ns'kksa dh lkS yksd dFkkvksa dk laxzg gSA ;g oekZ ns'k dh ,d Js"B dFkk gS] ftlesa
yksHk vkSj mlosQ nq"ifj.kke osQ lkFk&lkFk R;kx vkSj mlosQ lqifj.kke dk o.kZu] ,d lqugys ia[kksa
okys dkSos osQ ekè;e ls fd;k x;k gSA
iqjk d¯Lef'pn~ xzkes ,dk fu/Zuk o`¼k L=kh U;olr~A rL;k'pSdk nqfgrk fouezk euksgjk
pklhr~A ,dnk ekrk LFkkY;ka r.MqykfUuf{kI; iq=khekfnns'k & lw;kZris r.Mqyku~ [kxsH;ks
j{kA fdf×pRdkyknuUrje~ ,dks fofp=k% dkd% leqîhó ; rkeqiktxkeA
8 'kseq"kh
uSrkn`'k% Lo.kZi{kks jtrp×pq% Lo.kZdkdLr;k iwo± n`"V%A ra r.Mqyku~ [kknUra

glUr×p foyksD; ckfydk jksfnrqekjC/kA ra fuokj;Urh lk izkFkZ;r~&r.Mqyku~ ek Hk{k;A
enh;k ekrk vrho fu/Zuk orZrAs Lo.kZi{k% dkd% izkos kp] ek 'kqp%A lw;ksnZ ;kRizkx~
xzkekn~cfg% fiIiyo`{keuq Ro;kxUrO;e~A vga rqH;a r.MqyewY;a nkL;kfeA izgf"kZrk ckfydk
funzkefi u ysHksA
lw;ksnZ ;kRiwoeZ os lk r=kksifLFkrkA o`{kL;ksifj foyksD; lk pk'p;Zpfdrk l×tkrk
;Ùk=k Lo.kZe;% izklknks orZrAs ;nk dkd% 'kf;Rok izc¼ q Lrnk rsu Lo.kZxok{kkRdfFkra gagks
ckys! Roekxrk] fr"B] vga RoRÑrs
lksikueorkj;kfe] rRdFk; Lo.kZe;a
jtre;eqr rkeze;a ok\ dU;k izkokspr~
vga fuèkZuekrqnfZq grk¿fLeA rkezlksikusuoS
vkxfe";kfeA ija Lo.kZlksikusu lk Lo.kZ&
HkouekllknA
fpjdkya Hkous fp=kfofp=koLrwfu
lfTtrkfu n`"V~ok lk foLe;a xrkA JkUrka
rka foyksD; dkd% izkg&iwo± y?kqikz rjk'k%
fØ;rke~&on Roa Lo.kZLFkkY;ka Hkkstua
dfj";fl ¯d ok jtrLFkkY;keqr rkezLFkkY;ke~\ ckfydk O;ktgkjrkezLFkkY;kesokga
fuèkZuk Hkkstua dfj";kfeA rnk lk dU;k pk'p;Zpfdrk l×tkrk ;nk Lo.kZdkosQu
Lo.kZLFkkY;ka Hkkstua i;Zofs "kre~A uSrkn`d~ Loknq Hkkstue|kof/ ckfydk [kkfnrorhA dkdks
czrw &s ckfyosQ! vgfePNkfe ;Ùoa loZnk pk=kSo fr"B ija ro ekrk orZrs pSdkfduhA Roa
'kh?kzeos Lox`g` a xPNA
bR;qDRok dkd% d{kkH;UrjkfÙkÏks e×tw"kk fuLlk;Z rka izR;onr~& ckfyosQ! ;FksPNa
x`gk.k e×tw"kkesdke~A y?kqreka e×tw"kka izxá ` ckfyd;k dfFkrfe;nso enh;r.Mqykuka
ewY;e~A
Lo.kZdkd% 9
x`gekxR; r;k e×tw"kk leqn?~ kkfVrk] rL;ka egkgkZf.k ghjdkf.k foyksD; lk izgf"kZrk
rfíuk¼fudk p l×tkrkA
rfLeUuso xzkes ,dk¿ijk yqC/k o`¼k U;olr~A rL;k vfi ,dk iq=kh vklhr~A bZ";Z;k
lk rL; Lo.kZdkdL; jgL;efHkKkrorhA lw;kZris r.MqykfUuf{kI; r;kfi Lolqrk j{kkFk±
fu;qDrkA rFkSo Lo.kZi{k% dkd% r.Mqyku~ Hk{k;u~ rkefi r=kSokdkj;r~A izkrLr=k xRok lk
dkoaQ fuHkZRlZ;Urh izkokspr~&Hkks uhpdkd! vgekxrk] eáa r.MqyewY;a iz;PNA
dkoQks¿czohr~&vga RoRÑrs lksikueqÙkkj;kfeA rRdFk; Lo.kZe;a jtre;a rkeze;a okA
xfoZr;k ckfyd;k izkDs re~&Lo.kZe;su lksikusukgekxPNkfe ija Lo.kZdkdLrRÑrs rkeze;a
lksikueso izk;PNr~A Lo.kZdkdLrka Hkkstuefi rkezHkktus ádkj;r~A
izfrfuo`fÙkdkys Lo.kZdkosQu d{kkH;UrjkfÙkÏks e×tw"kk% rRiqj% leqf{kIrk%A yksHkkfo"Vk
lk c`gÙkeka e×tw"kka x`ghrorhA x`gekxR; lk rf"kZrk ;kon~ e×tw"kkeqn?~ kkV;fr rkoÙkL;ka
Hkh"k.k% Ñ".kliksZ foyksfdr%A yqC/;k ckfyd;k yksHkL; iQya izkIre~A rnuUrja lk yksHka
i;ZR;tr~A
10 'kseq"kh
'kCnkFkkZ%
U;olr~ volr~ jgrk Fkk@jgrh Fkh

nqfgrk lqrk iq=kh
LFkkY;ke~ LFkkyhik=ks Fkkyh esa
[kxsH;% if{kH;% if{k;ksa ls
leqM~Mh; mRIyqR; mM+dj
miktxke lehie~ vkxroku~ ikl igq¡pk
Lo.kZi{k% Lo.kZe;% i{k% lksus dk ia[k
jtrp×pq% jtre;% p×pq% pk¡nh dh pksap
r.Mqyku~ v{krku~ pkoyksa dks
fuokj;Urh okj.ka oqQoZUrh jksdrh gqbZ
ek 'kqp% 'kksda ek oqQ# nq%[k er djks
izksokp vdFk;r~ dgk
izgf"kZrk izlUuk [kq'k gqbZ
izklkn% Hkoue~ egy
xok{kkr~ okrk;ukr~ f[kM+dh ls
lksikue~ lksikue~ lh<h
vorkj;kfe vorh.k± djksfe mrkjrk gw¡
vkllkn izkIuksr~ igq¡pk
foyksD; n`"V~ok ns[kdj
izkg mokp dgk
izkrjk'k% dY;orZ% lqcg dk uk'rk
O;ktgkj vdFk;r~ dgk
i;Zosf"kre~ i;Zos"k.ka Ñre~ ijkslk x;k
egkgkZf.k cgqewY;kfu cgqewY;
yqC/k yksHko'khHkwrk yksHkh
fuHkZRlZ;Urh HkRlZuka oqQoZUrh fuUnk djrh gqbZ
i;ZR;tr~ vR;tr~ NksM+ fn;k
Lo.kZdkd% 11
vH;kl%
1- v/ksfyf[krkuka iz'ukuke~ mÙkjkf.k laLÑrHkk"k;k fy[kr&
(d) fu/Zuk;k% o`¼k;k% nqfgrk dhn`'kh vklhr~\
([k) ckfyd;k iwo± ¯d u n`"Ve~ vklhr~\
(x) #nUrha ckfydka dkd% dFke~ vk'okl;r~\
(?k) ckfydk ¯d n`"V~ok vk'p;Zpfdrk tkrk\
(Ä) ckfydk osQu lksikusu Lo.kZHkoue~ vkllkn\
(p) lk rkezLFkkyha p;uk; ¯d ro±Q nnkfr\
(N) xfoZrk ckfydk dhn`'ka lksikue~ v;kpr~ dhn`'ka p vizkIuksrA
2- (d) v/ksfyf[krkuka 'kCnkuka foykseina ikBkr~ fpRok fy[kr&
(i) i'pkr~ & ------------------------
(ii) gflrqe~ & ------------------------
(iii) v/% & ------------------------
(iv) 'osr% & ------------------------
(v) lw;kZLr% & ------------------------
(vi) lqIr% & ------------------------
([k) lfU/a oqQ#r&
(i) fu $ volr~ & ------------------------
(ii) lw;Z $ mn;% & ------------------------
(iii) o`{kL; $ mifj & ------------------------
(iv) fg $ vdkj;r~ & ------------------------
(v) p $ ,dkfduh & ------------------------
(vi) bfr $ mDRok & ------------------------
(vii) izfr $ vonr~ & ------------------------
(viii) iz $ mDre~ & ------------------------
(ix) v=k $ ,o & ------------------------
(x) r=k $ mifLFkrk & ------------------------
(xi) ;Fkk $ bPNe~ & ------------------------
12 'kseq"kh
3- LFkwyinkU;f/ÑR; iz'ufuekZ.ka oqQ#r&
(d) xzkes fu/Zuk L=kh volr~A
([k) Lo.kZdkoaQ fuokj;Urh ckfydk izkFkZ;r~A
(x) lw;ksZn;kr~ iwoeZ so ckfydk r=kksifLFkrkA
(?k) ckfydk fu/Zuekrq%nqfgrk vklhr~A
(Ä) yqC/k o`¼k Lo.kZdkdL; jgL;efHkKkrorhA
4- izÑfr&izR;;&la;ksxa oqQ#r (ikBkr~ fpRok ok fy[kr)&
(d) gl~ $ 'kr` & ------------------------
([k) Hk{k~ $ 'kr` & ------------------------
(x) fo $ yksÑ $ Y;i~ & ------------------------
(?k) fu $ f{ki~ $ Y;i~ & ------------------------
(Ä) vk $ xe~ $ Y;i~ & ------------------------
(p) n`'k~ $ DRok & ------------------------
(N) 'kh $ DRok & ------------------------
(t) o`¼ $ Vki~ & ------------------------
(>) lqr $ Vki~ & ------------------------
(×k) y?kq $ rei~ & ------------------------
5- izÑfrizR;;&foHkkxa oqQ#r&
(d) glUre~ & ------------------------
([k) jksfnrqe~ & ------------------------
(x) o`¼k & ------------------------
(?k) Hk{k;u~ & ------------------------
(Ä) n`"V~ok & ------------------------
(p) foyksD; & ------------------------
(N) fuf{kI; & ------------------------
(t) vkxR; & ------------------------
(>) 'kf;Rok & ------------------------
(×k) lqrk & ------------------------
(V) y?kqree~ & ------------------------
Lo.kZdkd% 13
6- v/ksfyf[krkfu dFkukfu d%@dk] da@dka p dFk;fr&

dFkukfu d%@dk da@dke~
(d) iwo± izkrjk'k% fØ;krke~ ------------------ ------------------
([k) lw;kZris r.Mqyku~ [kxsH;ks j{k ------------------ ------------------
(x) r.Mqyku~ ek Hk{k; ------------------ ------------------
(?k) vga rqH;a r.MqyewY;a nkL;kfe ------------------ ------------------
(Ä) Hkks uhpdkd! vgekxrk] eáa r.MqyewY;a iz;PN ------------------ ------------------
7- mnkgj.keuql`R; dks"Bdxrs"kq ins"kq i×pehfoHkDrs% iz;ksxa ÑRok fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;r&

;Fkk& ew"kd% fcykn~ cfg% fuxZPNfrA (fcy)
(d) tu% ------------------- cfg% vkxPNfrA (xzke)
([k) u|% ------------------- fuLljfUrA (ioZr)
(x) ------------------- i=kkf.k irfUrA (o`{k)
(?k) ckyd% ------------------- foHksfrA (¯lg)
(Ä) bZ'oj% ------------------- =kk;rsA (Dys'k)
(p) izHkq% HkDra ------------------- fuokj;frA (iki)
;ksX;rkfoLrkj%
ys[kd ifjp; & bl dFkk osQ ys[kd in~e 'kkL=kh gSaA ;s lkfgR;k;qosZnkpk;Z] dkO;rhFkZ]
lkfgR;jRu] f'k{kk'kkL=kh vkSj jfl;u fMIyksek vkfn mikf/;ksa ls Hkwf"kr gSaA bUgsa fo|kHkw"k.k
o vk'kqdfo ekun mikf/;k¡ Hkh izkIr gSaA bUgsa lksfo;r Hkwfe usg: iqjLdkj lfefr vkSj
jktLFkku lkfgR; vdkneh }kjk Lo.kZind izkIr gSA budh vusd jpuk,¡ gSa] ftuesa oqQN izeq[k
fuEufyf[kr gSa &
1- flusek'krde~ 2- LojkT;e~ [k.MdkO;e~
3- ysfuuke`re~ egkdkO;e~ 4- enh;k lksfo;r ;k=kk
5- i|i×prU=ke~ 6- cÄy õ kns'kfot;%
7- yksdrU=kfot;% 8- fo'odFkk'krde~
9- pk;'krde~ 10- egkohjpfjrke`re~
14 'kseq"kh
1- Hkkf"kd&foLrkj & ¶fdlh Hkh dke dks djosQ¸ bl vFkZ esa ^DRok* izR;; dk iz;ksx fd;k
tkrk gSA
;Fkk& ifBRok & iB~ $ DRok ¾ i<+dj
xRok & xe~ $ DRok ¾ tkdj
[kkfnRok & [kkn~ $ DRok ¾ [kkdj
blh vFkZ esa vxj /krq (fØ;k) ls igys milxZ gksrk gS rks Y;i~ izR;; dk iz;ksx gksrk gSA
/krq ls iwoZ milxZ gksus dh fLFkfr esa dHkh Hkh ^DRok* izR;; dk iz;ksx ugha gks ldrk vkSj
milxZ u gksus dh fLFkfr esa dHkh Hkh Y;i~ izR;; ugha gks ldrk gSA
;Fkk& mi $ xe~ $ Y;i~ ¾ mixE;
le~ $ iwt~ $ Y;i~ ¾ lEiwT;
fo $ yksÑ (yksd) $ Y;i~ ¾ foyksD;
vk $ nk $ Y;i~ ¾ vknk;
fuj~ $ xe~ $ Y;i~ ¾ fuxZR;
2- iz'uokpd 'kCnksa dks vfu'p;okpd cukus osQ fy, fpr~ vkSj pu fuikrksa dk iz;ksx fd;k
tkrk gSA ;s fuikr tc loZukeinksa osQ lkFk yxrs gSa rks loZuke in gksrs gSa vkSj tc vO;;
inksa osQ lkFk iz;qDr gksrs gSa rks vO;; gksrs gSaA
;Fkk& d% ¾ dkSu
d% $ pu ¾ d'pu ¾ dksbZ d% $ fpr~ ¾ df'pr~ ¾ dksbZ
osQ $ pu ¾ osQpu dksbZ (cgqopu esa) osQ $ fpr~ ¾ osQfpr~ (cgqopu esa)
dk $ pu ¾ dkpu (dksbZ L=kh) dk $ fpr~ ¾ dkfpr~ (dksbZ L=kh)
dk% $ pu ¾ dk'pu (oqQN fL=k;k¡ cgqopu) dk% $ fpr~ ¾ dkf'pr~ (oqQN
fL=k;k¡ cgqopu esa)
fde~ 'kCn osQ lHkh opuksa] fyaxksa o lHkh foHkfDr;ksa esa fpr~ vkSj pu dk iz;ksx fd;k tk
ldrk gS vkSj mls vfu'p;okpd cuk;k tk ldrk gSA tSls &
1- fdf×pr~ izFkek esa
2- osQufpr~ r`rh;k esa
3- osQ"kkf×pr~ (osQ"kke~ $ fpr~) "k"Bh esa
4- dfLeaf'pr~ lIreh esa
5- dL;kf×pr~ lIreh (L=khfyÄõ es)a
Lo.kZdkd% 15
blh rjg fpr~ osQ LFkku ij pu dk iz;ksx gksrk gSA fpr~ vkSj pu tc vO;;inksa esa yx
tkrs gSa rks os vO;; gks tkrs gSaA tSls &
Dofpr~ Dopu
dnkfpr~ dnkpu
3- laLÑr esa ,d ls prqj (pkj) rd la[;kokph 'kCn iqafYyÄõ] L=khfyÄõ] rFkk uiqald fyÄõ
esa vyx&vyx :iksa esa gksrs gSa ij i×p (ik¡p) ls mudk :i lHkh fyÄõksa esa ,d lk gksrk
gSA
iqafYyÄõ L=khfyÄõ uiqaldfyÄõ
,d% ,dk ,de~
}kS }s }s
=k;% frÏ% =khf.k
pRokj% prÏ% pRokfj
4- orZekudkfyd fØ;k osQ vFkZ esa /krq osQ lkFk 'kr` vkSj 'kkup~ izR;; dk iz;ksx gksrk gSA 'kr`
izR;; ijLeSinh /krqvksa osQ lkFk o 'kkup~ izR;; vkReusinh /krqvksa osQ lkFk iz;qDRk gksrs gSaA
;Fkk& [kkn~ $ 'kr` & [kknu~@[kknr~ lso~ $ 'kkup~ & lsoeku%
xe~ $ 'kr` & xPNu~@xPNr~ eqn~ $ 'kkup~ & eksneku%
iB~ $ 'kr` & iBu~@iBr~ yHk~ $ 'kkup~ & yHkeku%
gl~ $ 'kr` & glu~@glr~ czq $ 'kkup~ &czqok.k%
buosQ :i bl izdkj pyrs gSa&
iaqfYyÄõ
,dopu f}opu cgqopu
xPNu~ xPNUrkS xPNUr%
xPNUre~ xPNUrkS xPNr%
xPNrk xPNn~H;ke~ xPNf‰%
xPNrs xPNn~H;ke~ xPNn~H;%
xPNr% xPNn~H;ke~ xPNn~H;%
xPNr% xPNrks% xPNrke~
xPNfr xPNrks% xPNRlq
16 'kseq"kh
L=khfyÄõ
xPNUrh xPNUR;kS xPNUR;%
xPNUrhe~ xPNUR;kS xPNUrh%
xPNUR;k xPNUrhH;ke~ xPNUrhfHk%
xPNUR;S xPNUrhH;ke~ xPNUrhH;%
xPNUR;k% xPNUrhH;ke~ xPNUrhH;%
xPNUR;k% xPNUR;ks% xPNUrhuke~
xPNUR;ke~ xPNUR;ks% xPNUrh"kq
uiqald fyÄõ esa

xPNr~ xPNrh xPNfUr
xPNr~ xPNrh xPNfUr
'ks"k iaqfYyÄõor~
5- rji~ vkSj rie~ izR;;ksa esa rj vkSj re 'ks"k cprk gSA
;Fkk & cyor~ $ rji~ & cyoÙkj
y?kq $ rei~ & y?kqre
;s rqyukokph izR;; gSA buosQ mnkgj.k ns[ksa &
y?kq y?kqrj y?kqre
egr egÙkj egÙke
Js"B Js"Brj Js"Bre
e/qj e/qjrj e/qjre
xq# xq#rj xq#re
rhoz rhozrj rhozre
fiz; fiz;rj fiz;re
vè;srO;% xzUFk%&
fo'odFkk'krde~ (Hkkx};e~] 1987] 1988 in~e 'kkL=kh] nsoukxj izdk'ku] t;iqj)
r`rh;% ikB%
lkseizHke~
izLrqr ikB izks- jk/koYyHk f=kikBh }kjk jfpr îzs{k.klIrde~* uked ukV~;&laxzg ls lEikfnr
dj fy;k x;k gSA ;gk¡ ngst izFkk osQ fuUnuh; :i dk mYys[k fd;k x;k gSA viuh ekrk dh j{kk
osQ fy, ckfydk lkseizHkk }kjk fd;k x;k iz;kl fo'ks"k :i ls mYys[kuh; gSA
(rr% izfr'kfr djrykH;ka p{kq"kh ektZ;Urh i×po"kZn's kh;k ckfydk lkseizHkk)
foeyk & v;s tkxfjrk! RojLo rkor~A ifjgh;rs fo|ky;xeuosykA
lkseizHkk & vEc! v| u xfe";kfe fo|ky;e~A
foeyk & (gLrsu lkseizHkka x`ghRok) v;s fdesrr~ dFk;flA fo|ky;Lrq xUrO; ,o
izfrfnue~A
(lkseizHkk;k% izLFkkue~)
'oJw% & foeys! vf; nq"Vs! oqQ=k e`rkfl\ fd;r% dkykr~ 'kCnki;kfe\
foeyk & (ld#.ka fu'kE;) b;a ee 'oJw% lnSo eeZ?kkfrfHk% dVqopuSjkf{kifr
eke~A (mPpS% Lojs.k) vEc! b;ekxPNkfeA ¯d dj.kh;e~\ (ifjØkefr)A
(rr% izfo'kfr lkVksia dksia fu:i;Urh 'oJw%)
foeyk & vEc! fdekfn'kfl\
'oJw% & (foMEc;Urh) fdekfn'kfl\ fdfenkuhefi egknsO;k% izHkkrdkyks u l×tkr%\
foeyk & izkr%dkfyoaQ dk;Ztkreso lEikn;kfeA
'oJw% & izkr%dkfyoaQ dk;Ztkra lEikn;flA bnkuhefi pk;is;L; ukfLr dkfi
dFkkA ro firk vkxR; lk/f;";fr ¯d pk;a --- ;su dkfd.kh vfi u
nÙkk ---
foeyk & ee firìkne~ fdeFk± dnFkZ;fl vEc! ;fRdefi dFkuh;a eka izR;so dFk;A
'oJw% & (lHkzHw kÄaõ lHkqt{ksia p) (v;~ g;~) kÜ .` kqr vL;k% nq"Vk;k% v/jksÙkje~A
,rkokuso fiz;ks ;fn firk rfgZ r=kSo xRok dFka u e`rk firqxgZ` s ---\
18 'kseq"kh
foeyk & l rq eka usreq kxr% Jko.ks foxrsA HkorhfHkjso ---

'oJw% & vf; nq"Vs! osruL; xoZenq o~ gfl\ vfrek=ka xfoZrkfl f=kpqrj% i.kdkutZf;Rok
vku;lhR;srus A fu"Bhoua djksfe ro i.kosQ"kqA Fkq%! ¯d eU;ls Roe~ vtZf;Rok
/ueku;fl\ ¯d ro /ua rr~\ ro firk ;koUra ;kSrdjkf'ka izfrKkroku~
rkorks¿/Zeos lefiZ
a roku~A
foeyk & vgks u`'kalrk ;q"ekde~A vgks yksyiq rk ---
'oJw% & v;s! ,rkokaLro lkgle~ Roa ekekf{kiflA us=ks n'kZ;fl eke~A
('olqj% izfo';)
'olqj% & ¯d tkre~\~ dks¿;a dygkMEcj% izkr% dkyknso\ izkr%dkfyoaQ pk;eihnkuha
;koUu yC/e~ ---
'oJw% & dk dFkk pk;ikuL;A =kksfVrkfu vu;k nq"V;k pk;HkktukfuA u e;k fdefi
Hkf.kre~] rFkkfi vf/f{kifr ekfe;e~A o;a u`'kalk%] o;a yksyiq k%] o;a
jk{klk%A
'olqj% & ,rRlo± dfFkreu;k\
foeyk & u e;Srr~ dfFkra fir%!
'oJw% & i';r i';r vL;k nkSjkRE;a nqHkZxk;k%A ¯d ¯d nq"ÑR;fe;a u djksfr\
lEeq[keso izR;qÙkjefi nnkfr] ftàka pky;rh;a eRle{ke~A
'olqj% & (lØks/e~) vgks vL;k nqLlkgle~!
('olqj% 'oJw'p rka u i';r% mHkkS lØkS;± lfgaÏHkkoa foeyka fuHkky;UrkS
rkeqiliZr%A lkseizHkk izfo'; ,rr~ i';fr)
foeyk & vEc! fir%! u e;k fdefi vijk¼a lR;su 'kikfeA fdfefr ;w;a ekesoa
i';Fk\ ufg] ufg] u eka rkMf;rqegZfUr HkoUr% --- A (mHkkS ft?kkal;k
cykn~ foeyka x`ghRok izèk"kZ;r%)
lkseizHkk & (Hk;xzLrsukfreUnLojs.k) & vEc --- vEc ---
('olqjkS rkei';UrkS foeyka d"kZr%)
lkseizHke~ 19
'oJw% & u;r ,uka egkule~ b;a r=kSo ToyrqA

(lkseizHkk lglk iz/koUrh fu"ØkefrA foeyk vkRe=kk.kk; lizk.ki.ka
iz;rrs] usiF;s xh;rs)
{k.ks {k.ks izo/Zrs /uk; fgaÏrk [kyS&

foZyksI;rs¿frfunZ;a p tUrqfHkeZu"q ;rkA
foHkkftra txn~f}/k fugU;rs p ?kkroSQ&
jrho nSU;ekxrkfLr lk/qrk euq";rkAA
(foeyk;kLrhoz'phRdkj%A iq#"kfujh{kosQ.k lg lkseizHkk izfo'kfr)
iq#"kfujh{kd% & (mil`R;) gs! ¯d fØ;rs] ¯d izpyR;=k\ eq×pr ,uke~A
'oJw% & (lEHkzee~) egkHkkx! u fdeI;R;kfgre~A b;eLekda lkèoh Luq"kk
#X.kk orZrAs ,ukeqipjke%A
20 'kseq"kh
fujh{kd% & mipkj% fØ;rs! ;qo;ks#ipkjega dfj";sA loZega tkukfeA (lkseizHkka fufnZ';)
lo± fuosfnreu;k ckfyd;kA
('oJw% 'olqj'p foeyka eq×pr%)
foeyk & (ld"Va lkseizHkkeqil`R;) & iqf=k! Roe~ --- dFka Rofeg ---
lkseizHkk & vEc! ee mikugkS =kqfVrkS] iqLrde×tw"kk p =kqfVrsfr vè;kfidk eka
d{kk;k fu"dkflrorhA Ro;k mDreklhr~ & fo|ky;kn~ x` g es o
vfoyEcekxUrO;e~A vrks¿ga x`gekxrk (jksfnfr)
foeyk & ek jksnh% iqfË! loZeiq iUua Hkfo";frA
lkseizHkk & v=kkxR; e;k n`"Va ;r~ firkeg% firkegh p Roka ekj;r%A vrks¿ga èkkoa
èkkoa LFkkuoaQ xrkA iq#"k& fujh{kdk; e;k fuosfnre~ ---
foeyk & (lok"ia lxn~xna d.BekfyÄ~X; lkseizHkke~) Ro;k vga =kkrkA egr%
lÄïVkr~ Roa ekeqn/~ r` orhA fiz;a Ñra Ro;k esA
lkseizHke~ 21
'kCnkFkkZ%
p{kq"kh us=ks nksuksa vk¡[ksa
ektZ;Urh ektZua oqQoZUrh lkiQ djrh gqbZ
RojLo 'kh?kzrka oqQ# 'kh?kzrk djks
ifjgh;rs foyEcks Hkofr nsj gks jgh gS
'oJw% lkl
'olqj% 'olqj
'kCnki;kfe vkdkj;kfe vkokt nsrh gw¡ @ nsrk gw¡
vkf{kifr vk{ksia djksfr rkuk ns jgh gS
eeZ?kkfrfHk% eeZ gfUr bfr eeZHksnh ('kCnksa ls)
eeZ?kkrh rS% eeZ?kkfrfHk%
lkVksie~ xos.Z k lfgre~ xoZ fn[kkrh gqbZ
dksie~ Øks/e~ Øks/ dksA
dnFkZ;fl fuUn;fl fuUnk djrh gks
i.kdku~ iSls
fu"Bhoue~ FkwRÑre~ Fkwduk
;kSrdjkf'ke~ dU;k'kqYde~ ngst dh jkf'k
u`'kalrk funZ;rk funZ;rk
yksyqirk yksHkizo`fÙk% yksHk dh izo`fÙk
=kksfVrkfu Hkf×trkfu rksM+ Mkyk x;k
Hkktukfu ik=kkf.k ik=k ( crZu)
Hkf.kre~ dfFkre~ dgk x;k
nkSjkRE;e~ nq"VkReRoe~ nq"Vrk
lØkS;Ze~ lu`'kalRoe~ ozwQjrk osQ lkFk
ft?kkal;k gUrqe~ bPNk ft?kkalk ekjus dh bPNk ls
r;k ft?kkal;k
fuHkky;UrkS i';UrkS ns[krs gq, (nks)
izèk"kZ;r% la?kêð;r% [khaprs gSa
d"kZr% izlg~; u;r% cyiwod Z ys tkrs gSa
egkule~ ikd'kkyke~ jlksbZ ?kj esa
22 'kseq"kh
[kyS% nq"VS% nq"Vksa }kjk
eq×pr R;tr NksM+ks
vR;kfgre~ vfgre~ vdjoe~ vfgr fd;k
Luq"kk iq=ko/w% cgw
#X.kk vLoLFkk chekj
mikugkS in=kk.ks twrs (nks)
e×tw"kk fiVde~ isVh (cSx)
miiUue~ mfpre~ lgh] Bhd&Bkd
firkeg% fir`tud% nknk
firkegh fir`tuuh nknh
LFkkude~ jf{kLFkkue~ Fkkuk
vH;kl%
(d) vè;kfidk lkseizHkka d{kk;k% fdeFk± fu"dkflrorh\
([k) fo|ky;kr~ x`ge~ vkxR; lk (lkseizHkk) fde~ vi';r~\
(x) foeyk;k% 'olqj% 'oJw% p rke~ oqQ=k fdeFkZ×p u;r%\
(?k) lkseizHkk dFke~ ekrq% =kk.ke~ vdjksr~\
(Ä) lkseizHkk;k% vk;q% dfr o"kkZf.k vklhr~\
(p) vfLeu~ ukVosQ iq#"kfujh{kdL; (vkjf{k.k%) drZO;ijk;.krk of.kZrk¿fLr Hkz"Vkpkjijk;.krk
ok\
2- fuEufyf[krL; 'yksdL; vk'k;a fgUnhHkk"k;k vkÄ~XyHkk"k;k ok fy[kr&
{k.ks&{k.ks izo/Zrs /uk; fgaÏrk[kyS&
foZyksI;rs¿frfunZ;a p tUrqfHkeZuq";rkA
foHkkftra txn~f}èkk fugU;rs p ?kkroSQ&
jrho nSU;ekxrk¿fLr lk/qrk euq";rkAA
3- (d) v/ksfyf[krkuka inkuka i;kZ;ina ikBkr~ fpRok fy[kr&
(i) iq=ko/w & ----------------------------
(ii) in=kk.ks & ----------------------------
lkseizHke~ 23
(iii) ikd'kkyke~ & ----------------------------

(iv) 'kh?kza oqQ# & ----------------------------
(v) ik=kkf.k & ----------------------------
(vi) gUrqe~ bPNk & ----------------------------
([k) lfU/a oqQ#r&
(i) dyg $ vkMEcj% & ----------------------------
(ii) izpyfr $ vË & ----------------------------
(iii) u $ vfLr & ----------------------------
(iv) izfr $ ,o & ----------------------------
(v) e;k $ ,rr~ & ----------------------------
(vi) r=k $ ,o & ----------------------------
4- mnkgj.keuql`R; izÑfrizR;;la;ksxa oqQ#r&

;Fkk& vk $ xe~ $ Y;i~ & vkxR;
le~ $ iwt~ $ Y;i~ & lEiwT;
(d) vfHk $ xe~ $ Y;i~ & ----------------------------
([k) fo $ gk $ Y;i~ & ----------------------------
(x) fuj~ $ xe~ $ Y;i~ & ----------------------------
(?k) fo $ gl~ $ Y;i~ & ----------------------------
(Ä) iz $ Dyì~ (Ñi~) $ Y;i~ & ----------------------------
(p) le~ $ cq/~ $ Y;i~ & ----------------------------
5- v/ksfyf[krs"kq ins"kq milxZina fpuqr&
(d) ifjgh;rs & ---------------------------- ([k) l×tkr% & ----------------------------
(x) vf/f{kifr & ---------------------------- (?k) izR;qÙkje~ & ----------------------------
(Ä) izo/Zrs & ---------------------------- (p) foyksI;rs & ----------------------------
(N) mipjke% & ---------------------------- (t) mn~/`rorh & ----------------------------
24 'kseq"kh
(d) v| fo|ky;e~ u xfe";kfeA
([k) vu;k nq"V;k pk;Hkktukfu =kksfVrkfuA
(x) foeyk vkRe=kk.kk; iz;rrsA
(?k) Roe~ lÄïVkr~ eke~ mn~èk`rorhA
(Ä) Roe~ osruL; xoZe~ mn~ogflA
7- ?kVukØekuqlkja okD;kfu iqu% fy[kr &
(d) lkseizHkk vkjf{k.k% lehie~ vxPNr~A
([k) foeyk;k% 'oJw% rke~ dVqopuS% vkf{kifrA
(x) lk vkRe=kk.kk; iz;Rua djksfrA
(?k) foeyk;k% 'oJw% 'olqj% p rke~ Tokyf;rqe~ egkula u;r%A
(Ä) iq#"kfujh{kd% lkseizHk;k lg vkxPNfr rL;k% =kk.ka djksfrA
;ksX;rkfoLrkj%
ifjp;&vokZphu laLÑr lkfgR; esa vusd jpukdkj viuh jpukvksa osQ ekè;e ls lkekftd
folaxfr;ksa dk mn~?kkVu djrs gq, vU;k;] 'kks"k.k vkSj neu osQ izfrdkj osQ fy, vkàku dj jgs
gSaA fL=k;ksa ij gksus okys vR;kpkj vkSj ukjh LokrU=; osQ Hkko dk fp=k.k vfHkjkt jktsUnz feJ
osQ ,dkadh ukVd ôS/s;foØee~* esa feyrk gS tks muosQ ,dkadh laxzg ^prq"iFkh;e~* esa
izdkf'kr gSA gfjnÙk 'kekZ dk ,dkadh ô/wngue~* (f=kirkde~] 1987 esa ladfyr) Hkh blh
leL;k ij osQfUnzr gSA jkèkkoYyHk f=kikBh dh turkygjh] jksfVdkygjh vkfn dkO; rFkk
izs{k.k& lIrde~ osQ vU; ,dkadh Hkh bl n`f"V ls iBuh; gSaA
izks- jk/koYyHk f=kikBh dk tUe 15 iQjojh 1949 bZ- dks eè;izns'k osQ jktx<+ tuin esa
gqvkA vki MkW- gjhflag xkSj fo'ofo|ky; osQ laLÑr foHkkx esa vkpk;Z ,oa foHkkxkè;{k gSaA
vkèkqfud laLÑr lkfgR; esa vkidk eguh; ;ksxnku gSA
Hkkf"kdfoLrkj%
'kCnki;kfe & ¶vkdkj;kfe¸ & cqykrk gw¡ & bl vFkZ esa 'kCnki;kfe 'kCn vk;k gSA fgUnh esa
bldk cM+k vPNk iz;ksx gS & ^vkokt nsrk gw¡A*
firìkne~ & ik /krq esa r`p~ izR;; tqM+us ls firk 'kCn cukA ikfr&j{kfr bfr firk vFkkZr~ tks
j{kk djrk gS og firk gSA vknj osQ fy, ikne~ 'kCn tksM+dj firìkne~ 'kCn
curk gS ftldk vFkZ gS iwT; firkthA
lkseizHke~ 25
u`'kalrk & u` $ 'kl~ $ v.k~ & u`'kal 'kCn cuk vkSj bldh Hkkookpd laKk u`'kalrk gSA
bldk vFkZ gS funZ;rk & dBksjrk] ozwQjrkA
vkRe=kk.kk; & vius =kk.k osQ fy, & vius cpko osQ fy,A =kS $ Dr vkSj ^r* dk uRo@.kRo
gksus ij =kk.ke~ 'kCn curk gSA vkReu% Ëk.kk; & ;gk¡ "k"Bh rRiq#"k lekl gSA
fujh{kosQ.k & fuj~ $ bZ{k~ $ Y;qV~ esa ^v* djosQ fujh{kd 'kCn curk gS ftldk vFkZ gS ns[kus
okyk] fopkj djus okyk] voyksdu djus okykA blesa r`rh;k foHkfDr dk
iz;ksx gksus ij fujh{kosQ.k 'kCn cukA
lkèoh & lk/q 'kCn esa Ähi~ izR;; djosQ lkèoh 'kCn fu"iUu gksrk gSA bldk vFkZ
gS&lrh L=kh ;k ifrozrk L=khA
mipkj% & ^mi* milxZ iwoZd pj~ /krq ls ?k×k~ izR;; djus ij mipkj% 'kCn fu"iÂ gksrk
gS ftldk vFkZ gS & lsok & 'kqJw"kk] lRdkj] fpfdRlk vkfnA
fu"dkflrorh & ful~ milxZiwoZd ^dl~ /krq ls f.kp~ vkSj Drorq izR;; ls fu"dkflroku~ 'kCn
cukA L=khfyÄõ esa ;gh fu"dkflrorh gks x;kA
lkVksie~ & (lg vkVksius ) & ?keaM esa Hkjk gqvk ;k iQwyk gqvkA gsdM+h osQ lkFk] vdM+dj]
bBykdj ;k jksc osQ lkFk tc vkMEcjiwod Z dksbZ ckr dgh tkrh gS rks mls
lkVksi dFku dgrs gSAa
1- fuEuizdkj osQ mnkgj.k ns[ksa] le>sa o ;kn djsa&
gUrqe~ bPNk ft?kaklk
ikrqe~ bPNk fiiklk
HkksDrqe~ bPNk cqHkq{kk
Kkrqe~ bPNk ftKklk
drqZe~ bPNk fpdh"kkZ
Jksrqe~ bPNk 'kqJw"kk
nz"Vqe~ bPNk fnn`{kk
2- fo'ks"k%&
z LoHkk"kk;ka lekukFkZdiz;ksxEkfUo";r&ftàka pky;frA
z pk;is;L; ukfLr dk¿fi dFkkA
z fdfenkuha egknsO;k% izHkkrdkyks u l×tkr%A
z vgks ,rkokaLro lkgl%A
vè;srO;% xzUFk%&
prq"iFkh;e~& vfHkjkt jktsUnzfeJ%] oSt;Ur izdk'ku] bykgkcknA
prqFkZ% ikB%
dYir#%
izLrqr ikB ôsrkyi×pfoa'kfr%* uked dFkk laxzg ls fy;k x;k gS] ftlesa euksj×td ,oe~
vk'p;Ztud ?kVukvksa osQ ekè;e ls thouewY;ksa dk fu:i.k fd;k x;k gSA bl dFkk esa
thewrokgu vius iwoZtksa osQ dky ls x`gks|ku esa vkjksfir dYio`{k ls lkalkfjd nzO;ksa dks u ek¡xdj
lalkj osQ izkf.k;ksa osQ nq%[kksa dks nwj djus dk ojnku ek¡xrk gS D;ksafd /u rks ikuh dh ygj osQ
leku papy gS] osQoy ijksidkj gh bl lalkj dk loksZRÑ"V rFkk fpjLFkk;h rÙo gSA
vfLr fgeoku~ uke loZjRuHkwfeuZxUs nz%A rL; lkuks#ifj foHkkfr d×puiqja uke uxje~A
r=k thewrosQrqfjfr Jheku~ fo|k/jifr% olfr LeA rL; x`gks|kus oqQyØekxr% dYir#%
fLFkr%A l jktk thewrosQrq% ra dYir#e~ vkjkè; rRizlknkr~ p cksf/lRoka'klEHkoa
thewrokgua uke iq=ka izkIuksrA~ l egku~ nkuohj% loZHkwrkuqdEih p vHkor~A rL; xq.kS%
izlUu% LolfpoS'p izfs jr% jktk dkysu lEizkIr;kSoua ra ;kSojkT;s¿fHkf"kDroku~A ;kSojkT;s
fLFkr% l thewrokgu% dnkfpr~ fgrSf"kfHk% firèfU=kfHk% mDr% & ¶;qojkt! ;ks¿;a
loZdken% dYir#% roks|kus fr"Bfr l ro lnk iwT;%A vfLeu~ vuqoQw ys fLFkrs
'kØks¿fi ukLeku~ ckf/raq 'kDuq;kr~¸ bfrA
vkd.;SrZ r~ thewrokgu% vUrjfpUr;r~ & ¶vgks cr! bZn'` keejiknia izkI;kfi iwo%ZS
iq#"kSjLekda rkn`'ka iQya fdefi uklkfnra fdUrq osQoya oSQf'pnso Ñi.kS% df'pnfi
vFkks¿Z fFkZr%A rngeLekr~ euksjFkeHkh"Va lk/;kfe¸ bfrA ,oekyksP; l firqjfUrdekxPNr~A
vkxR; p lq[keklhua firjesdkUrs U;osn;r~& ¶rkr! Roa rq tkukfl ,o ;nfLeu~
lalkjlkxjs vk'kjhjfena lo± /ua ohfpoPp×pye~A ,d% ijksidkj ,okfLeu~ lalkjs¿u'oj%
;ks ;qxkUri;ZUra ;'k% izlrw As rnLekfHkjhn`'k% dYir#% fdeFk± j{;rs\ ;S'p iwojZS ;a êe
ee* bfr vkxzg.s k jf{kr%] rs bnkuha oqQ=k xrk%\ rs"kka dL;k;e~\ vL; ok osQ rs\ rLekr~
ijksidkjSdiQyfl¼;s RonkK;k bea dYiiknie~ vkjk/;kfeA
dYir#% 27
vFk fi=kk ^rFkk* bfr vH;uqKkr% l thewrokgu% dYir#e~ mixE; mokp &
¶nso! Ro;k vLeRiwo"Zs kke~ vHkh"Vk% dkek% iwfjrk%] rUeeSda dkea iwj;A ;Fkk i`Fohenfjnzka
i';kfe] rFkk djksrq nso** bfrA ,oaokfnfu thewrokgus ^^R;DrLRo;k ,"kks¿ga ;krks¿fLe¸
bfr oko~Q rLekr~ rjks#nHkwrA~
{k.ksu p l dYir#% fnoa leqRiR; Hkqfo rFkk olwfu vo"kZr~ ;Fkk u dks¿fi nqxrZ
vklhr~A rrLrL; thewrokguL; loZthokuqdEi;k loZ=k ;'k% izfFkre~A
28 'kseq"kh
'kCnkFkkZ%
vnfjnzke~ nfjnzghuke~ nfjnzrk ls jfgr vFkkZr~ lEiUu
fgeoku~ fgeky;% fgeky;
uxsUnz% ioZrjkt% ioZrksa dk jktk
lkuks% f'k[kjL; f'k[kj osQ] pksVh osQ
oqQyØekxr% oqQyØekn~ vkxr% oqQy&ijEijk ls
oqQyijEij;k lEizkIr% izkIr gqvk
;kSojkT;s ;qojktins ;qojkt osQ in ij
'kØ% bUnz% bUnz
vfFkZr% ;kfpr% ek¡xk
vfUrde~ lehie~ ikl esa
ohfpor~ rjÄoõ r~ rjÄõ dh rjg
vH;uqKkr% vuqer% vuqefr ik;k gqvk
vfFkZus ;kpdk; ek¡xus okys osQ fy,] fHk[kkjh
osQ fy,
fnoe~ LoxZe~ LoxZ
olwfu /ukfu /u
mixE; lehia xRok Ikkl esa tkdj
nqxZr% nqxfZ re~ vkiUu% ihfM+r] fu/Zu
loZthokuqdEi;k loZthosH;%Ñi;k lHkh thoksa osQ izfr Ñik ls
izfFkre~ izfl¼e~ izfl¼ gks x;k
vH;kl%
(d) d×puiqja uke uxja oqQ=k foHkkfr Le\
([k) thewrosQrq% ¯d fopk;Z thewrokgua ;kSojkT;s vfHkf"kDroku~\
(x) dYirjks% oSf'k"V~;ekd.;Z thewrokgu% fde~ vfpUr;r~\
(?k) ikBkuqlkja lalkjs¿fLeu~ ¯d ¯d u'oje~ fd×p vu'oje~\
(Ä) thewrokguL; ;'k% loZ=k dFka izfFkre~\
dYir#% 29
2- v/ksfyf[krokD;s"kq LFkwyinkfu dLeS iz;qDrkfu\

(d) rL; lkuks#ifj foHkkfr d×puiqja uke uxje~A
([k) jktk lEizkIr;kSoua ra ;kSojkT;s vfHkf"kDroku~\
(x) v;a ro lnk iwT;%A
(?k) rkr! Roa rq tkukfl ;r~ /ua ohfpoPp×pye~A
3- v/ksfyf[krkuka inkuka i;kZ;ina ikBkr~ fpRok fy[kr &
(d) ioZr% & -------------------------- ([k) Hkwifr% & --------------------------
(x) bUnz% & -------------------------- (?k) /ue~ & --------------------------
(Ä) bfPNre~ & -------------------------- (p) lehie~ & --------------------------
(N) /fj=khe~ & -------------------------- (t) dY;k.ke~ & --------------------------
(>) ok.kh & -------------------------- (×k) o`{k% & --------------------------
4- ^d* LrEHks fo'ks"k.kkfu ^[k* LrEHks p fo'ks";kf.k nÙkkfuA rkfu leqfpra ;kst;r&
^d* LrEHk ^[k* LrEHk
oqQyØekxr% ijksidkj%
nkuohj% efU=kfHk%
fgrSf"kfHk% thewrokgu%
ohfpoPp×pye~ dYir#%
vu'oj% /ue~
5- (d) ¶LofLr rqH;e~¸ LofLr 'kCnL; ;ksxs prqFkhZ foHkfDr% HkofrA bR;usu fu;esu
v=k prqFkhZ foHkfDr% iz;qDrkA ,oeso (dks"Bdxrs"kq ins"kq) prqFkh± foHkfDra
iz;qT; fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;r&
(i) LofLr ---------------------- (jktk)
(ii) LofLr ---------------------- (iztk)
(iii) LofLr ---------------------- (Nk=k)
(iv) LofLr ---------------------- (loZtu)
([k) dks"Bdxrs"kq ins"kq "k"Bha foHkfDra iz;qT; fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;r&
(i) rL; ------------- m|kus dYir#% vklhr~A (x`g)
(ii) l% ------------- vfUrde~ vxPNr~A (fir`)
30 'kseq"kh
(iii) ------------- loZ=k ;'k% izfFkre~ (thewrokgu)
(iv) v;a ------------- r#%\ (fde~)
(d) rjks% Ñi;k l% iq=ke~ vizkIuksr~A
([k) l% dYirjos U;osn;r~A
(x) /uo`"V~;k dks¿fi nfjnz% ukfr"Br~A
(?k) dYir#% i`fFkO;ka /ukfu vo"kZr~A
(Ä) thokuqdEi;k thewrokguL; ;'k% izkljr~A
7- (d) ;FkkLFkkua lekla foxzga p oqQ#r&
(i) fo|k/jk.kka ifr% ---------------------
(ii) ---------------------------------- x`gks|kus
(iii) uxkuke~ bUnz% --------------------------
(iv) -------------------------------- ijksidkj%
(v) thokuke~ vuqdEi;k ----------------
([k) mnkgj.keuql`R; erqi~ (er~] or~) izR;;iz;ksxa ÑRok inkfu jp;r&
;Fkk& fge $ erqi~ ¾ fgeoku~
Jh $ erqi~ ¾ Jheku~
(i) 'kfDr $ erqi~ ¾ --------------------------
(ii) /u $ erqi~ ¾ --------------------------
(iii) cqf¼ $ erqi~ ¾ --------------------------
(iv) /S;Z $ erqi~ ¾ --------------------------
(v) xq.k $ erqi~ ¾ --------------------------
;ksX;rkfoLrkj%
(d) xzUFk ifjp; & ¶osrkyi×pfoa'kfrdk¸ iPphl dFkkvksa dk laxzg gSA bl uke dh nks
jpuk,¡ ikbZ tkrh gSaA ,d f'konkl (13oha 'krkCnh) }kjk fyf[kr xzUFk gS ftlesa x| vkSj
i| nksuksa fo/kvksa dk iz;ksx fd;k x;k gSA nwljh tEHkynÙk dh jpuk gS tks osQoy x|e;h
gSA bl dFkk esa dgk x;k gS fd jktk foØe dks izfro"kZ dksbZ rkaf=kd lksus dk ,d iQy
dYir#% 31
nsrk gSA mlh rkaf=kd osQ dgus ij jktk foØe 'e'kku ls 'ko ykrk gSA ftl ij lokj
gksdj ,d osrky ekxZ esa jktk osQ euksj×tu osQ fy, dFkk lqukrk gSA dFkk lqurs le; jktk
dks ekSu jgus dk funsZ'k nsrk gSA dgkuh osQ vUr esa osrky jktk ls dgkuh ij vkèkkfjr ,d
iz'u iwNrk gSA jktk mldk lgh mÙkj nsrk gSA 'krZ osQ vuqlkj osrky iqu% 'e'kku igq¡p
tkrk gSA bl rjg iPphl ckj ,slh gh ?kVukvksa dh vko`fÙk gksrh gS vkSj osrky jktk dks
,d&,d djosQ iPphl dFkk,¡ lqukrk gSA ;s dFkk,¡ vR;Ur jkspd] Hkkoiz/ku vkSj foosd
dh ijh{kk ysus okyh gSaA
([k) Dr Drorq iz;ksx%&
Dr & bl izR;; dk iz;ksx lkekU;r% deZokP; esa gksrk gSA
Drorq & bl izR;; dk iz;ksx drZ̀okP; esa gksrk gSA
Dr izR;;%&
z thewrokgu% fgrSf"kfHk% efU=kfHk% mDRk%A
z o`Qi.kS% df'pnfi vFkZ% vfFkZr%A
z Ro;k vLeRdkek% iwfjrk%A
z rL; ;'k% izfFkre~ (drZ̀okP; esa Dr)
Drorq izR;;%&
z lk iq=ka ;kSojkT;ins¿fHkf"kDroku~A~
z ,rnkd.;Z thewrokgu% fpfUrroku~A
z l lq[kklhua firja fuosfnroku~A
z thewrokgu% dYir#e~ mDroku~A
(x) yksddY;k.k&dkeuk&fo"k;d dfri; 'yksd&
z losZ HkoUrq lqf[ku%] losZ lUrq fujke;k%A
losZ Hknzkf.k i';Urq] ek df'pn~ nq%[kHkkXHkosr~AA
z loZLrjrq nqxkZf.k] loksZ Hknzkf.k i';rqA
loZ% dkekuokIuksrq] loZ% loZ=k uUnrqAA
z u Roga dke;s jkT;a u Lox± u iquHkZoe~A
dke;s nq%[krIrkuka izkf.kukekfrZuk'kue~AA
vè;srO;% xzUFk%
osrkyi×p¯o'kfrdFkk] vuqoknd] nkeksnj >k] pkS[kEHkk fo|kHkou] okjk.klh] 1968
i×pe% ikB%
lwfDrekSfDrde~
laLÑr lkfgR; esa uhfr&xzUFkksa dh le`¼ ijEijk gSA buesa lkjxfHkZr vkSj ljy :i esa uSfrd f'k{kk,¡
nh xbZ gSa] ftudk mi;ksx djosQ euq"; vius thou dks liQy vkSj le`¼ cuk ldrk gSA ,sls gh
euksgkjh vkSj cgqewY; lqHkkf"kr ;gk¡ ladfyr gSa] ftuesa lnkpj.k dh egÙkk] fiz;ok.kh dh
vko';drk] ijksidkjh iq#"k dk LoHkko] xq.kktZu dh izsj.kk] fe=krk dk Lo:i vkSj mÙke iq#"k
osQ lEioZQ ls gksus okyh 'kksHkk dh iz'kalk vkSj lRlaxfr dh efgek vkfn fo"k;ksa dk izfriknu fd;k
x;k gSA
o`Ùka ;Rusu laj{ksn~ foÙkesfr p ;kfr pA

v{kh.kks foÙkr% {kh.kks o`ÙkrLrq grks gr%AA
&euqLe`fr%
Jw;rka /eZloZLoa JqRok pSoko/k;Zrke~A
vkReu% izfrowQykfu ijs"kka u lekpjsr~AA
&fonqjuhfr%
fiz;okD;iznkusu losZ rq";fUr tUro%A
rLekn~ rnso oDrO;a opus dk nfjnzrkAA
&pk.kD;uhfr%
ficfUr u|% Lo;eso ukEHk%
Lo;a u [kknfUr iQykfu o`{kk%A
uknfUr lL;a [kyq okfjokgk%
ijksidkjk; lrka foHkwr;%AA
&lqHkkf"krjRuHkk.Mkxkje~
lwfDrekSfDrde~ 33
xq.ks"oso fg drZO;% iz;Ru% iq#"kS% lnkA

xq.k;qDrks nfjnzk¿s fi us'ojSjxq.kS% le%AA
&e`PNdfVde~
vkjEHkxqohZ {kf;.kh Øes.k
y?oh iqjk o`f¼erh p i'pkr~A
fnuL; iwokZ¼iZ jk¼ZfHkUuk
Nk;so eS=kh [kylTtukuke~AA
&uhfr'krde~
;=kkfi oqQ=kkfi xrk Hkos;&q
g±lk eghe.Mye.Muk;A
gkfuLrq rs"kka fg ljksojk.kka
;s"kka ejkyS% lg foiz;ksx%AA
&Hkkfeuhfoykl%
xq.kk xq.kKs"kq xq.kk HkofUr
rs fuxqZ.ka izkI; HkofUr nks"kk%A
vkLok|rks;k% izogfUr u|%
leqnez klk| HkoUR;is;k%AA
&fgrksins'k%
'kCnkFkkZ%
foÙke~ /ue~ /u] ,s'o;Z
o`Ùke~ vkpj.ke~ vkpj.k] pfj=k
v{kh.k% u {kh.k%] lEiUu% u"V u gqvk
/eZloZLoe~ drZO;lkj% /eZ (drZO;cks/) dk lc oqQN
izfrowQykfu foijhrkfu vuqowQy ugha
rq";fUr rks"ke~ vuqHkofUr lUrq"V gksrs gSa
oDrO;e~ dFkuh;e~ dguk pkfg,
34 'kseq"kh
okfjokgk% es?kk% ty ogu djus okys ckny
foHkwr;% le`¼;% lEifÙk;k¡
xq.k;qDr% xq.koku~] xq.klEiUu% xq.kksa ls ;qDr
vxq.kS% xq.kjfgrS% xq.kghuksa ls
vkjEHkxqohZ vknkS nh?kkZ vkjEHk esa yEch
{kf;.kh {k;'khyk ?kVrh LoHkko okyh
o`f¼erh o`f¼e~ mixrk yEch gksrh gqb]Z yEch gqbZ
iwokZ¼Zijk¼ZfHkÂk iwokZ¼sZu ijk¼sZu p iwokZÊ vkSj vijkÊ (Nk;k)
i`FkXHkwrk dh rjg vyx&vyx
[kylTtukuke~ nqtZulqtukuke~ nq"Vksa vkSj lTtuksa dh
eghe.Mye.Muk; i`fFkohe.MykyÄ~dj.kk; i`Foh dks lq'kksfHkr djus osQ
fy,
ejkyS% galS% galksa ls
foiz;ksx% fo;ksx% vyx gksuk
xq.kKs"kq xq.kKkr`"kq tus"kq xq.kksa dks tkuus okyksa esa
vkLok|rks;k% Loknuh;tylEiÂk% Lokn;qDr ty okyh
vklk| izkI; ikdj
vis;k% u is;k%] u iku;ksX;k% u ihus ;ksX;
vH;kl%
1- v/ksfyf[kriz'ukuke~ mÙkjkf.k laLÑrHkk"k;k fy[kr&

(d) ;Rusu ¯d j{ksr~ foÙka o`Ùka ok\
([k) vLekfHk% (¯d u lekpjsr~) dhn`'ke~ vkpj.ka u dÙkZO;e~\
(x) tUro% osQu fof/uk rq";fUr\
(?k) iq#"kS% fdeFk± iz;Ru% dÙkZO;%\
(Ä) lTtukuka eS=kh dhn`'kh Hkofr\
(p) ljksojk.kka gkfu% dnk Hkofr\
(N) u|k% tya dnk vis;a Hkofr\
lwfDrekSfDrde~ 35
2- ^d* LrEHks fo'ks"k.kkfu ^[k* LrEHks p fo'ks";kf.k nÙkkfu] rkfu ;Fkksfpra ;kst;r&
^d* LrEHk% ^[k* LrEHk%
(d) vkLok|rks;k% (1) [kykuka eS=kh
([k) xq.k;qDr% (2) lTtukuka eS=kh
(x) fnuL; iwokZ¼ZfHkÂk (3) u|%
(?k) fnuL; ijk¼ZfHkÂk (4) nfjnz%
3- v/ksfyf[kr;ks% 'yksd};ks% vk'k;a fgUnhHkk"k;k vkÄ~XyHkk"k;k ok fy[kr&
(d) vkjEHkxqohZ {kf;.kh Øes.k
y?oh iqjk o`f¼erh p i'pkr~A
fnuL; iwokZ¼Zijk¼ZfHkUuk
Nk;so eS=kh [kylTtukuke~AA
([k) fiz;okD;iznkusu losZ rq";fUr tUro%A
rLekRrnso oDrO;a opus dk nfjnzrkAA
4- v/ksfyf[krinsH;% fHkUuizÑfrda ina fpRok fy[kr&
(d) oDrO;e~] dÙkZO;e~] loZLoe~] gUrO;e~A
([k) ;Rusu] opus] fiz;okD;iznkusu] ejkysuA
(x) Jw;rke~] vo/k;Zrke~] /uorke~] {kE;rke~A
(?k) tUro%] u|%] foHkwr;%] ifjr%A
5- LFkwyinkU;f/ÑR; iz'uokD;fuekZ.ka oqQ#r&
(d) o`Ùkr% {kh.k% gr% HkofrA
([k) /eZloZLoa JqRok vo/k;Zrke~A
(x) o`{kk% iQya u [kknfUrA
(?k) [kykuke~ eS=kh vkjEHkxqohZ HkofrA
6- v/ksfyf[krkfu okD;kfu yksV~ydkjs ifjorZ;r&
;Fkk& l% ikBa iBfrA & l% ikBa iBrqA
(d) u|% vkLok|rks;k% lfUrA & ---------------------
([k) l% lnSo fiz;okD;a onfrA & ---------------------
(x) Roa ijs"kka izfrowQykfu u lekpjflA & ---------------------
36 'kseq"kh
(?k) rs o`Ùka ;Rusu laj{kfUrA & ---------------------
(Ä) vge~ ijksidkjk; dk;± djksfeA & ---------------------
7- mnkgj.keuql`R; dks"BosQ"kq nRrs"kq 'kCns"kq mfprka foHkfDra iz;qT; fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;r&
;Fkk& rs"kka ejkyS% lg foiz;ksx% HkofrA (ejky)
(d) ------------------ lg Nk=k% 'kks/dk;± djksfrA (vè;kid)
([k) ------------------ lg iq=k% vki.ka xroku~A (fir`)
(x) ¯d Roe~ ------------------ lg efUnja xPNfl\ (eqfu)
(?k) cky% ------------------ lg [ksfyrqa xPNfrA (fe=ke~)
ifj;kstukdk;Ze~
(d) ijksidkjfo"k;da 'yksd};e~ vfUo"; Le`Rok p d{kk;ka lLoja iBA
([k) u|k% ,da lqUnja fp=ka fuekZ; ladyÕ; ok o.kZ;r ;r~ rL;k% rhjs euq";k% i'ko%
[kxk'p fufoZ?ua tya ficfUrA
;ksX;rkfoLrkj%
laLÑr&lkfgR; esa lkjxfHkZr] ykSfdd ikjykSfdd ,oa uSfrdewY;ksa okys lqHkkf"krksa dh cgqyrk gS
tkss ns[kus esa NksVs izrhr gksrs gSa fdUrq xEHkhj Hkko okys gksrs gSaA ekuo&thou esa budk vrho egÙo
gSA
HkkofoLrkj%
(d) vkLok|rks;k% izogfUr u|%A
[kkjs leqnz esa feyus ij Lokfn"V tyokyh ufn;ksa dk ty vis; gks tkrk gSA blh HkkolkE;
osQ vk/kj ij dgk x;k gS fd ¶lalxZtk% nks"kxq.kk% HkofUrA¸
([k) Nk;so eS=kh [kylTtukuke~A
nq"V O;fDRk fe=krk djrk gS vkSj lTtu O;fDr Hkh fe=krk djrk gSA ijUrq nksuksa dh eS=kh] fnu
osQ iwokZ¼Z ,oa ijk¼Z dkyhu Nk;k dh Hkk¡fr gksrh gSA okLro esa nq"V O;fDr dh eS=kh osQ fy,
'yksd dk izFke pj.k ¶vkjEHkxqohZ {kf;.kh Øes.k¸ dgk x;k gS rFkk lTtu dh eS=kh osQ
fy, f}rh; pj.k ^y?ohiqjk o`f¼erh p i'pkr~* dgk x;k gSA
lwfDrekSfDrde~ 37
Hkkf"kdfoLrkj%
(1) foÙkr% & foÙk 'kCn ls rfly~ izR;; fd;k x;k gSA iapeh foHkfDr osQ vFkZ esa yxus okys
rfly~ izR;; dk r% gh 'ks"k jgrk gSA mnkgj.kkFkZ& lkxj $ rfly~ ¾ lkxjr%]
iz;kx $ rfly~ ¾ iz;kxr%] nsgyh $ rfly~ ¾ nsgyhr% vkfnA blh izdkj
o`Ùkr% 'kCn esa Hkh rfly~ izR;; yxk djosQ o`Ùkr% 'kCn cuk;k x;k gSA
lekpjsr~ & le~ $ vkÄ~ $ √ pj~ $ fof/fyÄ~ $ izFkeiq#"k $ ,dopu
rq";fUr & √ rq"k~ $ yV~ydkj $ izFkeiq#"k $ cgqopu
laj{ksr~ & le~ $ √ j{k~ $ fof/fyÄ~ $ izFkeiq#"k $ ,dopu
gr% & √ gu~ $ Dr izR;; (iqafYyÄõ iz-fo-,-o-)
(2) milxZ & fØ;k osQ iwoZ tqM+us okys iz] ijk vkfn 'kCnksa dks milxZ dgk tkrk gSA bu milxksZa
osQ tqM+us ls fØ;k osQ vFkZ esa ifjorZu vk tkrk gSA
tSls& ^â* /krq ls milxks± dk ;ksx gksus ij fuEufyf[kr :i curs gSa
iz $ â & izgjfr] izgkj (geyk djuk)
fo $ â & fogjfr] fogkj (Hkze.k djuk)
mi $ â & migjfr] migkj (HksaV nsuk)
le~ $ â & lagjfr] lagkj (ekjuk)
(3) 'kCnksa dks L=khfyÄõ esa ifjofrZr djus osQ fy, L=kh izR;; dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA bu izR;;ksa
esa Vki~ o Ähi~ eq[; gSaA
tSls& cky $ Vki~ & ckyk
vè;kid $ Vki~ & vè;kfidk
y?kq $ Ähi~ & y?oh
xq# $ Ähi~ & xqohZ
lk/q $ Ähi~ & lkèoh
"k"B% ikB%
HkzkUrks cky%
izLrqr ikB ^laLÑr izkS<ikBkofy%* uked xzUFk ls lEikfnr dj fy;k x;k gSA bl dFkk esa ,d
,sls ckyd dk fp=k.k gS] ftldk eu vè;;u dh vis{kk [ksy&owQn esa yxk jgrk gSA ;gk¡ rd
fd og [ksyus osQ fy, i'kq&if{k;ksa rd dk vkokgu (vkàku) djrk gS fdUrq dksbZ mlds lkFk
[ksyus osQ fy, rS;kj ugha gksrkA blls og cgqr fujk'k gksrk gSA vUrr% mls cks/ gksrk gS fd lHkh
vius&vius dk;ks± esa O;Lr gSAa os Q oy ogh fcuk fdlh dke osQ bèkj&mèkj ?kwerk jgrk gSA og
fu'p; djrk gS fd vc O;FkZ esa le; x¡okuk NksM+dj viuk dk;Z djsxkA
HkzkUr% d'pu cky% ikB'kkykxeuosyk;ka ØhfMrqa futZxkeA fdUrq rsu lg osQfyfHk%

dkya {ksIrqa rnk dks¿fi u o;L;s"kq miyH;eku vklhr~A ;rLrs los¿Z fi iwofZ nuikBku~
Le`Rok fo|ky;xeuk; Rojek.kk cHkwo%q A rUnzkyqckZyks yTt;k rs"kka n`f"ViFkefi ifjgjUusdkdh
fdeI;q|kua izfoos'kA
l fpUr;kekl&fojeURosrs ojkdk% iqLrdnklk%A vga iqujkRekua fouksnf;";kfeA uuq
Hkw;ks nz{;kfe ozQq ¼L; mikè;k;L; eq[ke~A lURosrs fu"oqQVokflu ,o izkf.kuks ee o;L;k
bfrA
vFk l iq"iks|kua oztUra e/qdja n`"V~ok ra ØhMkgsrksjkg~o;r~A l f}fL=kjL;kg~okueso
u eku;keklA rrks Hkw;ks Hkw;% gBekpjfr ckys lks¿xk;r~&o;a fg e/qlxa gz O;xzk bfrA
rnk l cky% ^Ñreusu feF;kxfoZrus dhVsu* bR;U;rks nÙkn`f"V'pVdesda p×Pok
r`.k'kykdkfndeknnkuei';r~A mokp p&^^vf; pVdiksr! ekuq"kL; ee fe=ka Hkfo";flA
,fg ØhMko%A R;t 'kq"desrr~ r`.ke~ Loknwfu Hk{;doykfu rs nkL;kfe** bfrA l rq
ûhM% dk;ksZ cVnz'q kk[kk;ka r|kfe dk;s.Z k* bR;qDRok LodeZO;xzks cHkwoA
rnk f[kUuks ckyd% ,rs if{k.kks ekuq"ks"kq uksixPNfUrA rnUos"k;kE;ija ekuq"kksfpra
fouksnf;rkjfefr ifjØE; iyk;ekua defi 'okueokyksd;r~A izhrks ckyLrfeRFka
HkzkUrkss cky% 39
lacksèk;kekl – js ekuq"kk.kka fe=k! ¯d i;ZVfl vfLeu~ funk?kfnols\ vkJ;Losna izPNk;'khrya

r#ewye~A vgefi ØhMklgk;a Rokesokuq:ia i';kehfrA oqQDoqQj% izR;kg&
;ks eka iq=kizhR;k iks"k;fr Lokfeuks x`gs rL;A
j{kkfu;ksxdj.kkUu e;k Hkz"VO;eh"knfiAA bfrA
loSZ jos a fuf"k¼% l ckyks fof?ureuksjFk% lu~&^dFkefLeu~ txfr izR;sda Lo&LoÑR;s

fueXuks HkofrA u dks¿I;gfeo o`Fkk dky{ksia lgrsA ue ,rsH;% ;SeZs rUnzkyqrk;ka oqQRlk
lekikfnrkA vFk Loksfpregefi djksfe bfr fopk;Z Rofjra ikB'kkykeqitxkeA
rr% izHk`fr l fo|kO;luh HkwRok egrha oSn"q kha izFkka lEina p ysHksA
40 'kseq"kh
'kCnkFkkZ%
HkzkUr% Hkze;qDr% Hkzfer

ØhfMrqe~ [ksfyrqe~ [ksyus osQ fy,
futZxke fu"ØkUr% fudy x;k
osQfyfHk% ØhMkfHk% [ksy }kjk
dkya {ksIrqe~ le;a ;kif;rqe~ le; fcrkus osQ fy,
Rojek.kk% Rojka oqQoZUr%] Roj;Ur% 'kh?kzrk djrs gq,
rUnzkyq% vyl%] vfØ;% vkylh
n`f"ViFke~ n`f"Ve~ fuxkg
fpUr;kekl vfpUr;r~ lkspk
iqLrdnklk% iqLrdkuka nklk% iqLrdksa osQ xqyke
mikè;k;L; vkpk;ZL; xq# osQ
fu"oqQVokflu% o`{kdksVjfuokflu% o`{k osQ dksVj esa jgus okys
ØhMkgsrks% osQfyfufeÙke~ [ksyus osQ fufeÙk
vkàkue~ vkeU=k.ke~ cqykok
gBekpjfr vkxzgiwod Z a O;ogkja gB djus ij
oqQoZfr lfr
e/qlaxzgO;xzk% iq"ijlladyurRijk% iq"i osQ jl osQ laxzg esa yxs gq,
Hkw;ks Hkw;% iqu% iqu% ckj&ckj
feF;kxfoZrsu O;FkkZgÄkï j;qDrsu >wBs xoZ okys
pVde~ i{kh fpfM+;k
p×Pok p×pqiqVsu pksap ls
vknnkue~ x`ÊUre~ xzg.k djrs gq, dks
Loknwfu Lokfn"Vkfu Lokn;qDr
Hk{;doykfu Hk{k.kh;xzklk% [kkus osQ fy, mi;qDr dkSj
LodeZO;xz% Lodh;dk;s"Z kq rRij% vius dk;ks± esa layXu
vUos"k;kfe vUos"k.ka djksfe [kkstrk gw¡
fouksnf;rkje~ euksj×tudkfj.ke~ euksjatu djus okys dks
iyk;ekue~ /koUre~ Hkkxrs gq,
HkzkUrkss cky% 41
voyksd;r~ vi';r~ ns[kk

cVnzq'kk[kk;ka oVo`{kL; 'kk[kk;ka cjxn osQ isM+ dh 'kk[kk ij
lacks/;kekl lacksf/roku~ lacksf/r fd;k
funk?kfnols xzh"efnus xehZ osQ fnu esa
osQyhlgk;e~ ØhMklgk;de~ [ksy esa lg;ksxh
vuq:ie~ ;ksX;e~ mi;qDr
oqQDoqQj% 'ok oqQÙkk
j{kkfu;ksxdj.kkr~ lqj{kkdk;Zo'kkr~ j{kk osQ dk;Z esa yxs gksus ls
Hkz"VO;e~ ifrrO;e~ gVuk pkfg,
bZ"knfi vYiek=kke~ vfi FkksM+k&lk Hkh
fuf"k¼% vLohÑr% euk fd;k x;k
fof?ureuksjFk% [kf.Mrdke% VwVh bPNkvksa okyk
dky{ksie~ le;L; ;kiue~ le; fcrkuk
rUnzkyqrk;ke~ rUnzkyqtuL; Hkkos] vkyL; esa
vylRos
oqQRlk ?k`.kk] HkRlZuk ?k`.kkHkko
fo|kO;luh vè;;ujr% fo|k esa jr jgus okyk
izFkke~ izflf¼e~ [;kfr] izflf¼
vH;kl%
(d) cky% dnk ØhfMrqa futZxke\
([k) ckyL; fe=kkf.k fdeFk± Rojek.kk cHkwoq%\
(x) e/qdj% ckydL; vkàkua osQu dkj.ksu u veU;r\
(?k) ckyd% dhn`'ka pVde~ vi';r~\
(Ä) ckyd% pVdk; ØhMukFk± dhn`'ka yksHka nÙkoku~\
(p) f[kUu% ckyd% 'okua fde~ vdFk;r~\
(N) fof?ureuksjFk% cky% fde~ vfpUr;r~\
42 'kseq"kh
2- fuEufyf[krL; 'yksdL; HkkokFk± fgUnhHkk"k;k vkÄ~XyHkk"k;k ok fy[kr&
;ks eka iq=kizhR;k iks"k;fr Lokfeuks x`gs rL;A
j{kkfu;ksxdj.kkUu e;k Hkz"VO;eh"knfiAA
3- ¶HkzkUrks cky%¸ bfr dFkk;k% lkjka'ka fgUnhHkk"k;k vkÄ~XyHkk"k;k ok fy[krA
4- LFkwyinkU;f/ÑR; iz'ufuekZ.ka oqQ#r &
(d) Loknwfu Hk{;doykfu rs nkL;feA
([k) pVd% LodeZf.k O;xz% vklhr~A
(x) oqQDoqQj% ekuq"kk.kka fe=ke~ vfLrA
(?k) l egrha oSnq"kha yC/oku~A
(Ä) j{kkfu;ksxdj.kkr~ e;k u Hkz"VO;e~ bfrA
5- ¶,rsH;% ue%¸ & bfr mnkgj.keuql`R; ue% bR;L; ;ksxs prqFkhZ foHkDrs% iz;ksxa ÑRok
i×pokD;kfu jp;rA
6- ^d* LrEHks leLrinkfu ^[k* LrEHks p rs"kka foxzg% nÙkkfu] rkfu ;Fkkle{ka fy[kr&
^d* LrEHk ^[k* LrEHk
(d) n`f"ViFke~ (1) iq"ik.kke~ m|kue~
([k) iqLrdnklk% (2) fo|k;k% O;luh
(x) fo|kO;luh (3) n`"Vs% iUFkk%
(?k) iq"iks|kue~ (4) iqLrdkuka nklk%
7- (d) v/ksfyf[krs"kq in;qXes"kq ,da fo'ks";ine~ vij×p fo'ks"k.kine~A fo'ks"k.kine~
fo'ks";ina p i`Fko~Q&i`Fko~Q fpRok fy[kr&
fo'ks"k.ke~ fo'ks";e~
(i) f[kUu% cky% & -------------------- --------------------
(ii) iyk;ekua 'okue~ & -------------------- --------------------
(iii) izhr% ckyd% & -------------------- --------------------
(iv) Loknwfu Hk{;doykfu & -------------------- --------------------
(v) Rojek.kk% o;L;k% & -------------------- --------------------
HkzkUrkss cky% 43
([k) dks"Bdxrs"kq ins"kq lIrehfoHkDrs% iz;ksxa ÑRok fjDrLFkkuiwfr± oqQ#r&

(i) cky% ------------------------------ ØhfMrqa futZxkeA (ikB'kkykxeuosyk)
(ii) ------------------------------ txfr izR;sda LoÑR;s fueXuks HkofrA (bne~)
(iii) [kx% ------------------------------ uhMa djksfrA ('kk[kk)
(iv) vfLeu~ ------------------------------ fdeFk± i;ZVfl\ (funk?kfnol)
(v) ------------------------------ fgeky;% mPpre%A (ux)
ifj;kstukdk;Ze~
(d) ,dfLeu~ LiQksjdiËs (chart-paper) ,dL; m|kuL; fp=ka fuekZ; ladyÕ; ok
i×pokD;s"kq rL; o.kZua oqQ#rA
([k) ¶ifjJeL; egÙoe~¸ bfr fo"k;s fgUnh Hkk"k;k vkÄ~XyHkk"k;k ok i×p okD;kfu fy[krA
Hkkf"kdfoLrkj%
(1) fØ;k osQ fuEufyf[kr :iksa dks è;kuiwoZd ns[ksa le>sa o vH;kl djsa&
iBfr (i<+rk@i<+rh gS) ikB;fr (i<+krk@i<+krh gS) ikB;kekl (i<+k;k)
;Fkk& l% iqLrda iBfrA
f'k{kd% Nk=kku~ ikB;frA
vkpk;Z% osnku~ ikB;keklA
blh izdkj oqQN vU; :i Hkh izLrqr gSa&
cks/fr cks/;fr cks/;kekl
djksfr dkj;fr dkj;kekl
fy[kfr ys[k;fr ys[k;kekl
xPNfr xe;fr xe;kekl
glfr gkl;fr gkl;kekl
Ük`.kksfr Jko;fr Jko;kekl
/kofr /ko;fr /ko;kekl
x`Êkfr xzkg;fr xzkg;kekl
nnkfr nki;fr nki;kekl
44 'kseq"kh
gjfr gkj;fr gkj;kekl
u;fr uk;;fr uk;;kekl
(2) ;L; p Hkkosu Hkkoy{k.ke~&tgk¡ ,d fØ;k osQ gksus ls nwljh fØ;k osQ gksus dk Kku gks
rks igyh fØ;k osQ dÙkkZ esa lIreh foHkfDr gksrh gSA bls ^lfr lIreh* ;k ^Hkkos lIreh*
Hkh dgrs gSaA
;Fkk& mfnrs lforfj deya fodlfrA
xtZfr es?ks e;wj% vu`R;r~A
u`R;fr f'kos u`R;fUr f'kox.kk%A
gBekpjfr ckys Hkzej% vxk;r~A
mfnrs uS"k/s dkO;s Do ek?k% Do p Hkkjfo%A
(3) vU;inkFkZ iz/kuks cgqozhfg%&ftl lekl esa iwoZ vkSj mÙkj inksa ls fHkUu fdlh vU; in osQ
vFkZ dk izk/kU; gksrk gS og cgqozhfg lekl dgykrk gSA
;Fkk& ihrkEcj% & ihre~ vEcja ;L; l% (fo".kq%)A
uhyd.B% & uhy% d.B% ;L; l% (f'ko%)A
vuqfpfUrriwoZfnuikBk% & vuqfpfUrrk% iwoZfnuL; ikBk% ;S% rsA
fof?ureuksjFk% & fof?ur% euksjFk% ;L; l%A
nÙkn`f"V% & nÙkk n`f"V% ;su l%A
lIre% ikB%
izR;fHkKkue~
izLrqr ikB Hkkljfpr î×pjk=ke~* uked ukVd ls lEikfnr dj fy;k x;k gSA nq;ksZèku vkfn
dkSjo ohjksa us jktk fojkV dh xk;ksa dk vigj.k dj fy;kA fojkV&iq=k mÙkj c`gUuyk (Nn~eos"kh
vtquZ ) dks lkjFkh cukdj dkSjoksa ls ;q¼ djus tkrk gSA dkSjoksa dh vksj ls vfHkeU;q (vtquZ &iq=k)
Hkh ;q¼ djrk gSA ;q¼ esa dkSjoksa dh ijkt; gksrh gSA blh chp fojkV dks lwpuk feyrh gS] oYyHk
(Nn~eos"kh Hkhe) us j.kHkwfe esa vfHkeU;q dks idM+ fy;k gSA vfHkeU;q Hkhe rFkk vtquZ dks ugha
igpku ikrk vkSj muls mxzrkiwoZd ckrphr djrk gSA nksuksa vfHkeU;q dks egkjkt fojkV osQ le{k
izLrqr djrs gSaA vfHkeU;q mUgsa iz.kke ugha djrkA mlh le; jktoqQekj mÙkj ogk¡ igq¡prk gS ftlosQ
jgL;ksn~?kkVu ls vtqZu rFkk Hkhe vkfn ik.Moksa osQ Nn~eos"k dk mn~?kkVu gks tkrk gSA
HkV% & t;rq egkjkt%A

jktk & viwoZ bo rs g"kksZ czfw g osQukfl fofLer%\
HkV% & vJ¼s;a fiz;a izkIra
lkSHknzks xzg.ka xr%AA
jktk & dFkfenkuha x`ghr%\
HkV% & jFkeklk| fu''kÄa ï
ckgqH;keorkfjr%A
(izdk'ke~) br br%
oqQekj%A
vfHkeU;q% & Hkks% dks uq [kYos"k%\ ;su Hkqtd S fu;fU=krks cykfèkosQukfi u ihfMr%
vfLeA
46 'kseq"kh
c`gUuyk & br br% oqQekj%A
vfHkeU;q% & v;s! v;eij% d% foHkkR;qekos"kfeokfJrks gj%A
c`gUuyk & vk;Z] vfHkHkk"k.kdkSrgw ya es egr~A okpky& ;Rosuek;Z%A
Hkhelsu% & (viok;Z) ck<e~ (izdk'ke~) vfHkeU;ks!
vfHkeU;q% & vfHkeU;qukZe\
Hkhelsu% & #";R;s"k e;k RoesouS efHkHkk"k;A
c`gUuyk & vfHkeU;ks!
vfHkeU;q% & dFka dFke~A vfHkeU;qukZekge~A Hkks%! fde=k fojkVuxjs {kf=k;oa'kksnH~ kwrk%
uhpS% vfi ukefHk% vfHkHkk";Urs vFkok vga 'k=kqo'ka xr%A vr,o
frjfLØ;rsA
c`gUuyk & vfHkeU;ks! lq[kekLrs rs tuuh\
vfHkeU;q% & dFka dFke~\ tuuh uke\ ¯d Hkoku~ es firk vFkok firÒ;%\ dFka eka
firònkØE; L=khxrka dFkka i`PNls\
c`gUuyk & vfHkeU;ks! vfi oqQ'kyh nsodhiq=k% osQ'ko%\
vfHkeU;q% & dFka dFke~\ r=kHkoUrefi ukEukA vFk fde~ vFk fde~\
(mHkkS ijLijeoyksd;r%)
vfHkeU;q% & dFkfenkuha lkoKfeo eka gL;rs\
c`gUuyk & u [kyq fdf×pr~A
ikFk± firjeqfí'; ekrqya p tuknZue~A
r#.kL; ÑrkL=kL; ;qDrks ;q¼ijkt;%AA
vfHkeU;q% & vya LoPNUnizykisu! vLekoaQ oqQys vkReLroa drqeZ uqfpre~A j.kHkwekS
grs"kq 'kjku~ i';] en`rs vU;r~ uke u Hkfo";frA
c`gUuyk & ,oa okD;'kkS.Mh;ZeA~ fdeFk± rsu inkfruk x`ghr%\
vfHkeU;q% & v'kL=ka ekefHkxr%A firje~ vtquZ a Leju~ vga dFka gU;ke~A v'kL=ks"kq
ekn`'kk% u izgjfUrA vr% v'kL=kks¿;a eka o×pf;Rok x`ghroku~A
jktk & Ro;Zrka Ro;ZrkefHkeU;q%A
izR;fHkKkue~ 47
c`gUuyk & br br% oqQekj%A ,"k egkjkt%A miliZrq oqQekj%A

vfHkeU;q% & vk%A dL; egkjkt%\
jktk & ,ásfs g iq=k! dFka u ekefHkokn;fl\ (vkRexre~) vgks! mfRlDr%
[kYo;a {kf=k;oqQekj%A vgeL; niZi'z keua djksfeA (izdk'ke~) vFk
osQuk;a x`ghr%\
Hkhelsu% & egkjkt! e;kA
vfHkeU;q% & v'kL=ks.ksR;fHk/h;rke~A
Hkhelsu% & 'kkUra ikie~A /uqLrq nqcyZ %S ,o x`ársA ee rq HkqtkS ,o izgj.ke~A
vfHkeU;q% & ek rkon~ Hkks%! ¯d Hkoku~ eè;e% rkr% ;% rL; ln`'ka op% onfrA
Hkxoku~ & iq=k! dks¿;a eè;eks uke\
vfHkeU;q% & ;ksD=kf;Rok tjklU/a d.Bf'y"Vsu ckgqukA
vláa deZ rr~ ÑRok uhr% Ñ".kks¿rngZrke~AA
jktk & u rs {ksis.k #";kfe] #";rk Hkork jesA
fdeqDRok ukijk¼ks¿ga] dFka fr"Bfr ;kfRofrAA
vfHkeU;q% & ;|geuqxkz á% &
ikn;ks% leqnkpkj% fØ;rka fuxzgksfpr%A
ckgqH;kekâra Hkhe% ckgqH;keso us";frAA
(rr% izfo'kR;qÙkj%)
mÙkj% & rkr! vfHkokn;s!
jktk & vk;q"eku~ Hko iq=kA iwftrk% ÑrdekZ.kks ;ks/iq#"kk%A
mÙkj% & iwT;reL; fØ;rka iwtkA
jktk & iq=k! dLeS\
mÙkj% & bgk=kHkors /u×t;k;A
jktk & dFka /u×t;k;sfr\
mÙkj% & vFk fde~
'e'kkuk¼uqjknk; rw.khjk{k;lk;osQA
uìk Hkh"ekn;ks HkXuk o;a p ifjjf{krk%AA
48 'kseq"kh
jktk & ,oesrr~A
mÙkj% & O;iu;rq Hkok×NÄkï e~A v;eso vfLr /uq/jZ % èku×t;%A
c`gUuyk & ;|ga vtquZ % rfgZ v;a Hkhelsu% v;a p jktk ;qfèkf"Bj%A
vfHkeU;q% & bgk=kHkoUrks es firj%A rsu [kyq ---
u #";fUr e;k f{kIrk glUr'p f{kifUr eke~A
fn"V~;k xksxzg.ka LoUra firjks ;su nf'kZrk%AA
(bfr Øes.k lokZu~ iz.kefr] losZ p re~ vkfyÄ~xfUrA)
izR;fHkKkue~ 49
'kCnkFkkZ%
izR;fHkKkue~ iqu% Kkue~] laLdkj&tU;a igpku
Kkue~] iqu% Le`fr%
viwoZ% vfo|eku~ iwo%Z tks igys u gqvk gks
vJ¼s;e~ u J¼s;e~ J¼k osQ v;ksX;
lkSHknz% lqHknzk;k% iq=k%] vfHkeU;q% vfHkeU;q
vklk| izkI; ikdj] igq¡pdj
fu''kÄïe~ 'kÄï;k jfgre~ fcuk fdlh fgpd osQ
HkqtSdfu;fU=kr% ,osQu ,o ckgquk la;r% ,d gh gkFk ls idM+k
x;k
foHkkfr 'kksHkrs lq'kksfHkr gksrk gS
dkSrwgye~ ftKklk tkuus dh mRd.Bk
viok;Z nwjhÑR; gVkdj
#";fr ozqQ¼% Hkofr Øksf/r gksrk gS
okpky;rq oDrqa izsj;rq cksyus dks izsfjr djsa
frjfLØ;rs mis{;rs mis{kk dh tkrh gS
firÒ;% firq%Hkzkrk pkpk
voyksd;r% i';r% ns[krs gSa (f}opu)
lkoKe~ viekusu lfgre~ mis{kk djrs gq,
okD'kkS.Mh;Ze~ okfpoaQ ohjRoe~ ok.kh dh ohjrk
inkfr% iknkH;ke~ vrfr iSny pyus okyk
miliZrq lehia xPNrq ikl tkvks
,fg vkxPN vkvks
mfRlDr% XkoksZ¼r%] vgÄïkjh xoZ ls ;qDRk
niZ&iz'keue~ xoZL; 'keue~ ?keaM dks 'kkUr djuk
x`ghr% xzg.ks Ñr% idM+k x;k
izgj.ke~ 'kL=ke~ gfFk;kj
;ksD=kf;Rok cn~èok ck¡/dj
{ksis.k fuUnkopusu fuUnk ls
jes (√ √ je~) izhrks Hkokfe izlUu gksrk gw¡
50 'kseq"kh
;krq xPNrq tkvks
leqnkpkj% f'k"Vkpkj% lH; vkpj.k
vuqxzká% vuqxzgL; ;ksX;e~ Ñik osQ ;ksX;
fuxzgksfpre~ cU/uksfpr mfpr n.M
rw.khj ck.kdks'k% rjdl
O;iu;rq nwjhdjksrq nwj djsa
f{kIrk% O;Ä~X;su lEcksf/rk% vk{ksi fd;s tkus ij
fn"V~;k HkkX;su HkkX; ls
xksxzg.ke~ /suwuke~ vigj.ke~ xk;ksa dk vigj.k
LoUre~ (lq + vUre~) lq[kkUre~ lq[kkUr
vH;kl%
(d) HkV% dL; xzg.ke~ vdjksr~\
([k) vfHkeU;q% dFka x`ghr% vklhr~\
(x) Hkhelsusu c`gUuy;k p i`"V% vfHkeU;q% fdeFkZe~ mÙkja u nnkfr\
(?k) vfHkeU;q% Loxzg.ks fdeFkZe~ of×pr% bo vuqHkofr\
(Ä) dLekr~ dkj.kkr~ vfHkeU;q% xksxzg.ka lq[kkUra eU;rs\
2- v/ksfyf[krokD;s"kq izdfVrHkkoa fpuqr&
(d) Hkks% dks uq [kYos"k%\ ;su HkqtSdfu;fU=krks cykf/osQukfi u ihfMr% vfLeA (foLe;%]
Hk;e~] ftKklk)
([k) dFka dFka! vfHkeU;qukZekge~A (vkReiz'kalk] LokfHkeku%] nSU;e~)
(x) dFka eka firònkØE; L=khxrka dFkka i`PNls\ (yTtk] Øks/%] izlUurk)
(?k) /uqLrq nqcZyS% ,o x`árs ee rq HkqtkS ,o izgj.ke~A (vU/fo'okl%] 'kkS;Ze~] mRlkg%)
(Ä) ckgqH;kekâra Hkhe% ckgqH;keso us";frA (vkRefo'okl%] fujk'kk] okDla;e%)
(p) fn"V~;k xksxzg.ka LoUra firjks ;su nf'kZrk%A ({kek] g"kZ%] /S;Ze~)
3- ;FkkLFkkua fjDrLFkkuiwfr± oqQ#r&
(d) [kyq $ ,"k% ¾ ----------------
([k) cy $ ---------------- $ vfi ¾ cykf/osQukfi
izR;fHkKkue~ 51
(x) foHkkfr $ ---------------- ¾ fcHkkR;qekos"ke~

(?k) ---------------- $ ,ue~ ¾ okpky;Rosue~
(Ä) #";fr $ ,"k ¾ #";R;s"k
(p) Roeso $ ,ue~ ¾ ----------------
(N) ;krq $ ---------------- ¾ ;kfRofr
(t) ---------------- $ bfr ¾ /u×t;k;sfr
4- v/ksfyf[krkfu opukfu d% da izfr dFk;fr&
;Fkk & d% oaQ izfr
vk;Z] vfHkHkk"k.kdkSrwgya es egr~ c`gUuyk Hkhelsue~
(d) dFkfenkuha lkoKfeo eka gL;rs --------------------- ---------------------
([k) v'kL=ks.ksR;fHk/h;rke~ --------------------- ---------------------
(x) iwT;reL; fØ;rka iwtk --------------------- ---------------------
(?k) iq=k! dks¿;a eè;eks uke --------------------- ---------------------
(Ä) 'kkUra ikie~! /uqLrq nqcZyS% ,o x`árs --------------------- ---------------------
5- v/ksfyf[krkfu LFkwykfu loZukeinkfu dLeS iz;qDrkfu&

(d) okpky;rq ,ue~ vk;Z%A
([k) fdeFkZ rsu inkfruk x`ghr%A
(x) dFka u eke~ vfHkokn;flA
(?k) ee rq HkqtkS ,o izgj.ke~A
(Ä) viwoZ bo rs g"kksZ czwfg osQu fofLer%\
6- 'yksdkuke~ viw.kZ% vUo;% v/ksnÙk%A ikBekèk`R; fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;r&
(d) ikFk± firje~ ekrqya -------------- p mfí'; ÑrkL=kL; r#.kL; -------------- ;qDr%A
([k) d.Bf'y"Vsu -------------- tjklUèka ;ksD=kf;Rok rr~ vláa -------------- ÑRok (Hkhesu)
Ñ".k% vrngZrka uhr%A
(x) #";rk -------------- jesA rs {ksis.k u #";kfe] ¯d -------------- vga ukijk¼%] dFka (Hkoku~)
fr"Bfr] ;krq bfrA
(?k) ikn;ks% fuxzgksfpr% leqnkpkj% -------------- A ckgqH;ke~ vkâre~ (eke~) --------------
ckgqH;ke~ ,o us";frA
52 'kseq"kh
7- (d) v/ksfyf[krsH;% insH;% milxkZu~ fofpR; fy[kr&
inkfu milxZ%
;Fkk&vklk| vk
(i) vorkfjr% & --------------------
(ii) foHkkfr & --------------------
(iii) vfHkHkk"k; & --------------------
(iv) mn~Hkwrk% & --------------------
(v) frjfLØ;rs & --------------------
(vi) izgjfUr & --------------------
(vii) miliZrq & --------------------
(viii) ifjjf{krk% & --------------------
(ix) iz.kefr & --------------------
([k) mnkgj.keuql`R; dks"BdnRrins"kq i×pehfoHkfDra iz;qT; okD;kfu iwj;r&
;Fkk& 'e'kkukn~ /uqjknk; vtqZu% vkxr%A ('e'kku)
(i) ikBku~ ifBRok l% --------------------- vkxr%A (fo|ky;)
(ii) --------------------- i=kkf.k irfUrA (o`{k)
(iii) xÄkõ --------------------- fuxZPNfrA (fgeky;)
(iv) {kek --------------------- iQykfu vku;frA (vki.ke~)
(v) --------------------- cqf¼uk'kks HkofrA (Le`fruk'k)
;ksX;rkfoLrkj%
dfo ifjp;
laLÑr ukVddkjksa esa ^êgkdfo Hkkl** dk uke vxzx.; gSA Hkkl jfpr rsjg :id fuEufyf[kr gS&a
nwrokD;e~] d.kZHkkje~] nwr?kVksRdpe~] m#HkÄõe~] eè;eO;k;ksx%] i×pjk=ke~] vfHk"ksdukVde~]
ckypfjre~] vfoekjde~] izfrekukVde~] izfrKk;kSxU/jk;.ke~] LoIuoklonÙke~ rFkk pk#nÙke~A
xzUFk ifjp;
i×pjk=ke~ dh dFkkoLrq egkHkkjr osQ fojkV ioZ ij vk/kfjr gSA ik.Moksa osQ vKkrokl osQ le;
nq;ksZ/u ,d ;K djrk gS vkSj ;K dh lekfIr ij vkpk;Z nzks.k dks xq#nf{k.kk nsuk pkgrk gSA nzks.k
xq#nf{k.kk osQ :i esa ik.Moksa dk jkT;kf/dkj pkgrs gSaA nq;ksZ/u dgrk gS fd ;fn xq# nzks.kkpk;Z
izR;fHkKkue~ 53
ik¡p jkrksa esa ik.Moksa dk irk yxk nsa rks mudh iSr`d lEifÙk dk Hkkx mUgsa fn;k tk ldrk gSA
blh vk/kj ij bl ukVd dk uke î×pjk=ke~* gSA
HkkofoLrkj%
r#.kL; ÑrkL=kL; ;qDrks ;q¼ijkt;%
vKkrokl esa c`gUuyk osQ :i esa vtqZu dks cgqr le; osQ ckn iq=k&feyu dk volj izkIr gqvkA
og vius iq=k ls ckr djuk pkgrk gS ijUrq (vius vigj.k ls) {kqC/ vfHkeU;q muosQ lkFk ckr
djuk gh ugha pkgrkA rc vtqZu mls mÙksftr djus dh Hkkouk ls bl izdkj osQ O;Ä~X;kRed opu
dgrs gSa&
rqEgkjs firk vtqZu gSa] ekek Jh Ñ".k gSa rFkk rqe 'kL=kfo|k ls lEiUu gksus osQ lkFk gh lkFk
r#.k Hkh gks] rqEgkjs fy, ;q¼ esa ijkLr gksuk mfpr gSA
ee rq HkqtkS ,o izgj.ke~
vfHkeU;q {kqC/ gS fd mls /ks[ks ls 'kL=kfoghu Hkhe us fux`ghr fd;k gSA Hkhe bldk Li"Vhdj.k
djrk gS fd vL=k&'kL=k rks nqcZy O;fDr;ksa }kjk xzg.k fd;s tkrs gSaA esjh rks Hkqtk gh esjk 'kL=k
gSA vr% eq>s fdlh vU; vk;q/ dh vko';drk ughaA bl izdkj dk Hkko vU; ukVdksa esa Hkh
miyC/ gS] tSls &
(d) v;a rq nf{k.kks ckgqjk;q/a ln`'ka eeA (eè;eO;k;ksx%)
([k) HkheL;kuqdfj";kfe 'kL=ka ckgqHkZfo";frA (e`PNdfVde~)
(x) o;efi p Hkqtk;q¼iz/kuk%A (vfoekjde~)
uhr% Ñ".kks¿rngZrke~
Jh Ñ".k us tjklU/ osQ tkekrk (nkekn) dal dk o/ fd;k FkkA blls ozqQ¼ tjklU/ us
;nqoaf'k;ksa osQ fouk'k dh izfrKk dh FkhA blfy, mlus ckj&ckj eFkqjk ij vkØe.k Hkh fd;k FkkA
mlus Jh Ñ".k dks dbZ ckj idM+k Hkh ijUrq fdlh u fdlh izdkj Jh Ñ".k ogk¡ ls fudy x;sA
oLrqr% mfpr volj ikdj Jh Ñ".k tjklU/ dks ekjuk pkgrs Fks ijUrq Hkhe us tjklU/ dk o/
djosQ mudh ik=krk Lo;a ys yhA tks dk;Z Jh Ñ".k }kjk dj.kh; Fkk mls Hkhelsu us dj fn;k
vkSj Jh Ñ".k dks tjklU/ osQ o/ dk volj gh ugha fn;kA
dks¿;a eè;eks uke\
;gk¡ eè;e 'kCn dk iz;ksx Hkkl }kjk Hkhe osQ fy, fd;k x;k gSA Hkkl osQ ukVdksa esa loZ=k Hkhe
osQ fy, êè;e* 'kCn dk iz;ksx fd;k x;k gSA mUgksaus êè;eO;k;ksx* :id dh jpuk dh ftlesa
eè;e ik.Mo vFkkZr~ Hkhe dks uk;d cuk;k x;k gSA
54 'kseq"kh
Hkkf"kdfoLrkj%
(d) fu"ks/kFkZ esa vye~ osQ ;ksx esa r`rh;k foHkfDr iz;qDr gksrh gSA
;Fkk& vya LoPNUnizykisuA
vya fooknsuA
vya izeknsuA
vya dksykgysuA
([k) î;kZIr* vFkZ esa vye~ dk iz;ksx gksus ij prqFkhZ foHkfDr gksrh gSA
;Fkk& Hkhe% nq;ksZ/uk; vye~A
vtquZ % d.kkZ; vye~A
jke% jko.kk; vye~A
bna nqX/a eáe~ vye~A
okP; osQ rhu Hksn gSa& (i) drZ̀okP; (ii) deZokP; (iii) HkkookP;
dr`ZokP; osQ drkZ esa izFkek foHkfDr] deZ esa f}rh;k foHkfDr rFkk fØ;k dr`Zin osQ iq#"k vkSj
opu osQ vuqlkj gksrh gSA
;Fkk& jke% ikBa iBfrA
deZokP; esa deZin izFkek esa gksrk gS] drkZ r`rh;k esa rFkk fØ;k deZ osQ iq#"k vkSj opu
osQ vuqlkj gksrh gSA
;Fkk & jkes.k ikB% iB~;rsA
HkkookP; vdeZd fØ;k ls gksrk gSA blesa drkZ r`rh;k esa gksrk gS rFkk fØ;k izFkeiq#"k
,dopu esa jgrh gSA
;Fkk & ckyS% gL;rsA
dr`Z] deZ rFkk HkkookP; esa fØ;k:i
dr`ZokP; deZokP;@HkkookP;
iBfr iB~;rs
fy[kfr fy[;rs
[kknfr [kk|rs
ficfr ih;rs
xk;fr xh;rs
Ük`.kksfr Jw;rs
izR;fHkKkue~ 55
fo'ks"k & /krq ls ^;* izR;; yxkdj deZokP;@HkkookP; osQ :i ^lso~* (vkReusinh) /krq osQ
leku cuk;s tkrs gSaA
Dr@Drorq izR;;
^Dr* izR;; Ñr~ izR;; gSA ;g Hkwrdky dk |ksrd gSA bldk iz;ksx rhuksa fyÄõksa esa gksrk gSA bl
izR;; ls cus 'kCn fo'ks"k.k osQ :i esa Hkh iz;qDr gksrs gSaA
;Fkk& èkkrq izR;; ewy 'kCn iaq- L=kh- uiqa-
iB~ Dr ifBr ifBr% ifBrk ifBre~
xe~ Dr xr xr% xrk xre~
n`'k~ Dr n`"V n`"V% n`"Vk n`"Ve~
^Drorq* Hkh Hkwrdkfyd izR;; gSA bldk iz;ksx lnSo dr`ZokP; esa gksrk gSA Drorq izR;;kUr 'kCn
Hkh rhuksa fyÄõksa esa gksrs gSaA
;Fkk& iB~ $ Drorq ¾ ifBror~
,dopu f}opu cgqopu
iq- iz- fo- ifBroku~ ifBroUrkS ifBroUr%
L=kh- iz- fo- ifBrorh ifBroR;kS ifBroR;%
uiqa- iz- fo- ifBror~ ifBrorh ifBrofUr
okP;ifjorZue~
(d) ;su firj% nf'kZrk%A (deZokP;)
;% firù` ~ nf'kZroku~A (drZòkP;)
([k) Hkon~fHk% o;a ifjjf{krk%A (deZokP;)
HkoUr% vLeku~ ifjjf{kroUr%A (drZòkP;)
(x) osQu v;a x`ghr%\ (deZokP;)
d% bea x`ghroku~\ (drZòkP;)
v"Ve% ikB%
ykSgrqyk
izLrqr ikB fo".kq'kekZ }kjk jfpr î×prU=ke~* uked dFkkxzUFk osQ ^fe=kHksn* uked rU=k ls
lÄïfyr gSA blesa fons'k ls ykSVdj th.kZèku uked O;kikjh viuh /jksgj (rjktw) dks lsB ls
ek¡xrk gSA ^rjktw pwgs [kk x;s gSa* ,slk lqudj th.kZ/u mlosQ iq=k dks Luku osQ cgkus unh rV
ij ys tkdj xqiQk esa fNik nsrk gSA lsB }kjk vius iq=k osQ fo"k; esa iwNus ij th.kZ/u dgrk
gS fd îq=k dks ckt mBk ys x;k gSA* bl izdkj fookn djrs gq, nksuksa U;k;ky; igq¡prs gSa tgk¡
èkekZfèkdkjh mUgsa leqfpr U;k; iznku djrs gSaA
vklhr~ dfLaef'pn~ vf/"Bkus th.kZ/uks uke of.kDiq=k%A l p foHko{k;kís'kkUrja xUrqfePNu~

O;fpUr;r~&
;=k ns'ks¿Fkok LFkkus Hkksxk HkqDrk% Looh;Zr%A
rfLeu~ foHkoghuks ;ks olsr~ l iq#"kk/e%AA
rL; p x`gs ykSg?kfVrk iwoiZ #q "kksikftZrk rqyklhr~A rka p dL;fpr~ Jsf"Buks x`gs
fu{ksiHkwrka ÑRok ns'kkUrja izfLFkr%A rr% lqfpja dkya ns'kkUrja ;FksPN;k HkzkURok iqu%
LoiqjekxR; ra Jsf"Bueqokp&^^Hkks% Jsf"Bu~! nh;rka es lk fu{ksirqykA** l vkg&^^Hkks%!
ukfLr lk] Ronh;k rqyk ew"koSQHkZf{krk** bfrA
th.kZ/u vkg&^^Hkks% Jsf"Bu~! ukfLr nks"kLrs] ;fn ew"koSQHkZf{krsfrA bZnx` os k;a lalkj%A
u fdf×pn=k 'kk'orefLrA ijega u|ka LUkkukFk± xfe";kfeA rr~ RoekReh;a f'k'kqeus a
èkunsoukekua e;k lg Lukuksidj.kgLra iz"s k;** bfrA
l Js"Bh Loiq=keqokp&^ôRl! firÒ;ks¿;a ro] LukukFk± ;kL;fr] rn~ xE;rkeusu
lk/Ze*~ * bfrA
vFkklkS of.kfD'k'kq% Lukuksidj.keknk; izâ"Veuk% rsu vH;kxrsu lg izfLFkr%A
rFkkuqf"Brs l of.ko~Q LukRok ra f'k'kqa fxfjxqgk;ka izf{kI;] rn~}kja c`gfPNy;kPNk| lÙoja
x`gekxr%A
ykSgrqyk 57
i`"V'p rsu of.ktk&^^Hkks%! vH;kxr! dF;rka oqQ=k es f'k'kq;LZ Ro;k lg unha xr%**\
bfrA
l vkg&^ûnhrVkRl ';suus âr%** bfrA Js"B~;kg & ^^feF;kokfnu~! ¯d Dofpr~
';suks ckya grq± 'kDuksfr\ rr~ leiZ; es lqre~ vU;Fkk jktoqQys fuosnf;";kfeA** bfrA
l vkg&^^Hkks% lR;okfnu~! ;Fkk ';suks ckya u u;fr] rFkk ew"kdk vfi ykSg?kfVrka
rqyka u Hk{k;fUrA rniZ; es rqyke~] ;fn nkjosQ.k iz;kstue~A** bfrA
,oa foonekukS rkS }kofi jktoqQya xrkSA r=k Js"Bh rkjLojs.k izkos kp&¶Hkks%!
vczã.;e~! vczã.;e~! ee f'k'kqjusu pkSj.s kkiâr%** bfrA
vFk /ekZf/dkfj.kLrewp%q &^^Hkks%! leI;Zrka Jsf"Blqr%**A
l vkg&^^¯d djksfe\ i';rks es unhrVkPN~;us us viâr% f'k'kq%**A bfrA

rPíªRq ok rs izkp
s %q &Hkks%! u lR;efHkfgra Hkork&¯d ';su% f'k'kqa grq± leFkksZ Hkofr\
58 'kseq"kh
l vkg&Hkks% Hkks%! Jw;rka en~op%&
rqyka ykSglgÏL; ;=k [kknfUr ew"kdk%A
jktUr=k gjsPN~;us ks ckyda] uk=k la'k;%AA
rs izkp
s %q &^^dFkesrr~**A
rr% l Js"Bh lH;kukexzs vkfnr% loZa o`ÙkkUra fuosn;keklA rrLrSfoZgL; }kofi rkS
ijLija lacksè; rqyk&f'k'kq&iznkusu lUrksf"krkSA
'kCnkFkkZ%
vf/"Bkus LFkkus LFkku ij
foHko{k;kr~ /ukHkkokr~ /u osQ vHkko osQ dkj.k
Looh;Zr% LoijkØes.k vius ijkØe ls
ykSg?kfVrk rqyk ykSgfufeZrk rqyk yksgs ls cuh gqbZ rjktw
fu{ksi% U;kl% /jksgj
HkzkURok Hkze.ka ÑRok i;ZVu djosQ
(ns'kkVua ÑRok)
Ronh;k ro] Hkonh;k rqEgkjh
bZn`d~ ,rkn`'k% ,slk gh
,ue~ ,re~@,ue~ p iqafl bls] ,rr~ 'kCn iqa- f}- fo-
f}rh;Sdopus mHks ,- o- esa ,rr~@,ue~ nksuksa gh
,o :is Hkor%A :i gksrs gSaA
vkReh;e~ vkRelEcfU/ viuk
Lukuksidj.kgLre~ Lukulkexzh Luku dh lkexzh ls ;qDr gkFk
gLrs ;L; okykA
l%] re~
of.ktk O;kikfj.kk O;kikjh osQ }kjk
';su% fgaldizo`fÙkd% ckt
if{kfo'ks"k%
vczã.;e~ vU;k;:ie~ vuqfpre~ ?kksj vU;k;
ykSgrqyk 59
leiZ; nsfg nks

foonekukS dyga oqQoZUrkS >xM+k djrs gq,
rkjLojs.k mPpLojs.k tksj ls
Åpq% vonu~ cksys
vfHkfgre~ dfFkre~ dgk x;k
e}p% ee opukfu esjh ckrsa
vkfnr% izkjEHkr% vkjEHk ls
fuosn;kekl fuosnuedjksr~ fuosnu fd;k
fogL; gflRok g¡ldj
lacksè; cksèkf;Rok le>k cq>k dj
vH;kl%
(d) ns'kkUrja xUrqfePNu~ of.kDiq=k% ¯d O;fpUr;r~\
([k) Lorqyka ;kpekua th.kZ/ua Js"Bh fde~ vdFk;r~\
(x) th.kZ/u% fxfjxqgk}kja d;k vkPNk| x`gekxr%\
(?k) LukukuUrja iq=kfo"k;s i`"V% of.kDiq=k% Jsf"Bua fde~ mokp\
(Ä) /ekZf/dkfjfHk% th.kZ/uJsf"BukS dFka lUrksf"krkS\
(d) th.kZ/u% foHko{k;kr~ ns'kkUrja xUrqfePNu~ O;fpUr;r~A
([k) Jsf"Bu% f'k'kq% Lukuksidj.keknk; vH;kxrsu lg izfLFkr%A
(x) Js"Bh mPpLojs.k mokp&Hkks% vczãe.;e~ vczãe.;e~A
(?k) lH;S% rkS ijLija lacksè; rqyk&f'k'kq&iznkusu lUrksf"krkSA
3- v/ksfyf[krkuka 'yksdkuke~ viw.kksZ¿Uo;% iznÙk% ikBek/`R; re~ iwj;r&
(d) ;=k ns'ks vFkok LFkkus ----------------- Hkksxk% HkqDrk ----------------- foHkoghu% ;% -------------
l iq#"kk/e%A
([k) jktu~! ;=k ykSglgÏL; ----------------- ew"kdk% ----------------- r=k ';su% ----------------- gjsr~
v=k la'k;% uA
60 'kseq"kh
4- rRina js[kkfÄïra oqQ#r ;=k&
(d) Y;i~ izR;;% ukfLr
fogL;] ykSglgÏL;] lacksè;] vknk;
([k) ;=k f}rh;k foHkfDr% ukfLr
Jsf"Bue~] Lukuksidj.ke~] lÙoje~] dk;Zdkj.ke~
(x) ;=k "k"Bh foHkfDr% ukfLr
i';r%] Looh;Zr%] Jsf"Bu% lH;kuke~
5- lfUèkuk lfUèkfoPNsnsu ok fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;r&
(d) Js"B~;kg ¾ ----------------------- $ vkg
([k) ----------------------- ¾ }kS $ vfi
(x) iq#"kksikftZrk ¾ iq#"k $ -----------------------
(?k) ----------------------- ¾ ;Fkk $ bPN;k
(Ä) Lukuksidj.ke~ ¾ ----------------------- $ midj.ke~
(p) ----------------------- ¾ Luku $ vFkZe~
6- leLrina foxzga ok fy[kr&
foxzg% leLrine~
(d) LukuL; midj.ke~ ¾ -----------------------
([k) -------------- -------------- ¾ fxfjxqgk;ke~
(x) /eZL; vf/dkjh ¾ -----------------------
(?k) -------------- -------------- ¾ foHkoghuk%
7- ;Fkkis{ke~ v/ksfyf[krkuka 'kCnkuka lgk;r;k ^^ykSgrqyk** bfr dFkk;k% lkjka'k
laLÑrHkk"k;k fy[kr&
of.kDiq=k% LUkkukFkZe~
ykSgrqyk v;kpr~
o`ÙkkUra KkRok
Jsf"Bua izR;kxr%
xr% iznkue~
ykSgrqyk 61
;ksX;rkfoLrkj%
xzUFk ifjp;
egkdfo fo".kq'kekZ (200 bZ- ls 600 bZ- osQ eè;) us jktk vej'kfDr osQ iq=kksa dks jktuhfr esa
ikjaxr djus osQ mís'; ls î×prU=ke~* uked lqifz l¼ dFkkxzUFk dh jpuk dh FkhA ;g xzUFk ik¡p
Hkkxksa esa foHkkftr gSA bUgha Hkkxksa dks ^rU=k* dgk x;k gSA i×prU=k osQ ik¡p rU=k gSa&fe=kHksn%]
fe=klaizkfIr%] dkdksywdh;e~] yCèkiz.kk'k% vkSj vijhf{krdkjde~A bl xzUFk esa vR;Ur ljy 'kCnksa
esa y?kq dFkk,¡ nh x;h gSaA buosQ ekè;e ls gh ys[kd us uhfr osQ xw<+ rÙoksa dk izfriknu
fd;k gSA
HkkofoLrkj%
^ykSgrqyk* uked dFkk esa nh x;h f'k{kk osQ lUnHkZ esa bu lwfÙkQ;ksa dks Hkh ns[kk tkuk pkfg,A
1- u df'pr~ dL;fpfUe=ka u df'pr~ dL;fpn~ fjiq%A
O;ogkjs.k tk;Urs fe=kkf.k fjioLrFkkAA
2- vkReu% izfrowQykfu ijs"kka u lekpjsr~A
Hkkf"kdfoLrkj%
1-
/krq% Dr% Drorq Drorq vuh;j~ rO;r~ ;r~ Y;qV~ r`p~ .oqy~
iq- L=kh-
√ uh uhr% uhroku~ uhrorh × usrO;e~ us;e~ u;ue~ usrk uk;d%
√ izPN~ i`"V% i`"Voku~ i`"Vorh × iz"VO;e~ × × iz"Vk ×
√ nk nÙk% nÙkoku~ nÙkorh nkuh;e~ nkrO;e~ ns;e~ nkue~ nkrk ×
2- rfly~ izR;;&i×peh fofHkDr osQ vFkZ esa rfly~ izR;; dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA
;Fkk& xzkekr~ & xzker% (xzke $ rfly~)
vkns% & vkfnr% (vkfn $ rfly~)
;Fkk& Nk=k% fo|ky;kr~ vkxPNfrA
Nk=k% fo|ky;r% vkxPNfrA
62 'kseq"kh
blh izdkj & x`g $ rfly~ & x`gr% & x`gkr~A
rU=k $ rfly~ & rU=kr% & rU=kkr~A
izFke $ rfly~ & izFker% & izFkekr~A
vkjEHk $ rfly~ & vkjEHkr% & vkjEHkkr~A
3- vfHkr% ifjr% mHk;r%] loZr%] le;k] fud"kk] ^gk* vkSj izfr osQ ;ksx esa f}rh;k
foHkfDr dk iz;ksx gksrk gSA
;Fkk& x`ge~ vfHkr% o`{kk% lfUrA
fo|ky;e~ ifjr% nzqek% lfUrA
xzkee~ mHk;r% u|kS izogr%A
gk nqjkpkfj.ke~A
ØhMk{ks=ke~ fud"kk rj.krkye~ vfLrA
ckyd% fo|ky;e~ izfr xPNfrA
uxje~ le;k vkS"k/ky;% fo|rsA
xzkee~ loZr% xkspkj.kHkwfe% vfLrA
uoe% ikB%
fldrklsr%q
izLrqr ukV~;ka'k lksensojfpr dFkklfjRlkxj osQ lIre yEcd (vè;k;) ij vkèkkfjr gSA ;gk¡
rikscy ls fo|k ikus osQ fy, iz;Ru'khy riksnRr uked ,d ckyd dh dFkk dk o.kZu gSA mlosQ
leqfpr ekxZn'kZu osQ fy, os"k cnydj banz mlosQ ikl vkrs gSa vkSj ikl gh xaxk esa ckyw ls
lsrqfuekZ.k osQ dk;Z esa yx tkrs gSaA mUgsa oSlk djrs ns[k riksnRr mudk migkl djrk gqvk dgrk
gS&^vjs! fdlfy, xaxk osQ ty esa O;FkZ gh ckyw ls iqy cukus dk iz;Ru dj jgs gks\* banz mUgsa
mRrj nsrs gSa&;fn i<+us] lquus vkSj v{kjksa dh fyfi osQ vH;kl osQ fcuk rqe fo|k ik ldrs gks
rks ckyw ls iqy cukuk Hkh laHko gSA banz osQ vfHkizk; dks tkudj riksnRr riL;k djuk NksM+dj
xq#tuksa osQ ekxZn'kZu esa fo|k dk Bhd&Bhd vH;kl djus osQ fy, xq#oqQy pyk tkrk gSA
(rr% izfo'kfr riL;kjr% riksnÙk%)

riksnÙk% & vgefLe riksnÙk%A ckY;s fir`pj.kS% Dys';ekuks¿fi fo|ka uk¿èkhrokufLeA
rLekr~ loS%Z oqQVqfEcfHk% fe=kS% KkfrtuS'p xfgZrks¿Hkoe~A
(Åèo± fu%'oL;)
gk fo/s! fdfenEe;k o`Qre~\ dhn`'kh nqcfZq ¼jklhÙknk! ,rnfi u fpfUrra
;r~&
ifj/kuSjyÄïkjSHkwZf"krks¿fi u 'kksHkrsA
ujks fueZf.kHkksxho lHkk;ka ;fn ok x`gAs A1AA
(fdf×pn~ foe`';)
Hkorq] fdesrus \ fnols ekxZHkzkUr% lUè;ka ;kon~ ;fn x`geqifS r rnfi oje~A
uk¿lkS HkzkUrks eU;rsA ,"k bnkuha ri'p;Z;k fo|keokIrqa izoÙ` kks¿fLeA
(tyksPNyuèofu% Jw;rs)
64 'kseq"kh
v;s oqQrks¿;a dYyksyksPNyuèofu%\ egkeRL;ks edjks ok HkosrA~ i';kfe
rkor~A
(iq#"kesda fldrkfHk% lsrfq uekZ.k&iz;kla oqQokZ.ka n`"V~ok lgkle~)
gUr! ukLR;Hkkoks txfr ew[kkZ.kke~! rhozioz kgk;ka u|ka ew<ks¿;a fldrkfHk% lsraq
fuekZraq iz;rrs!
(lkV~Vgkla ik'oZeiq Rs ;)
Hkks egk'k;! fdfena fo/h;rs! vyeya ro Jes.kA i';]
jkeks ccU/ ;a lsraq f'kykfHkeZdjky;sA
fon/n~ ckyqdkfHkLra ;kfl Roefrjkerke~AA2AA
fpUr; rkor~A fldrkfHk% DofpRlsr%q dr±q ;qT;rs\
fldrklsrq% 65
iq#"k% & HkksLrifLou~! dFka ekeqi#.kfRlA iz;Rusu ¯d u fl¼a Hkofr\ dko';drk

f'kykuke~\ fldrkfHkjso lsraq dfj";kfe LoladYin`<r;kA
riksnÙk% & vk'p;Ze!~ fldrkfHkjso lsraq dfj";fl\ fldrk tyizokgs LFkkL;fUr fde~\
Hkork fpfUrra u ok\
iq#"k% & (lksRizkle~) fpfUrra fpfUrre~A lE;d~ fpfUrre~A ukga lksikuekxSjZ V~Vefèkjks<aq
fo'oflfeA leqRIyqR;So xUrqa {keks¿fLeA
riksnÙk% & (lO;Ä~X;e~)
lk/q lk/q! vk×tus;eI;frØkefl!
iq#"k% & (lfoe'kZe~)
dks¿=k lUnsg%\ fd×p]
fouk fyI;{kjKkua riksfHkjso osQoye~A
;fn fo|k o'ks L;qLrs] lsrjq "s k rFkk eeAA3AA
riksnÙk% & (loSy{;e~ vkRexre~)
v;s! ekesoksfí'; Hknzi#q "kks¿;e~ vf/f{kifr! uwua lR;e=k i';kfeA v{kjKkua
fouSo oSn"q ;eokIrqe~ vfHky"kkfe! rfn;a HkxoR;k% 'kkjnk;k voekuukA
xq#x`ga xRoSo fo|kH;klks e;k dj.kh;%A iq#"kkFkSjZ os y{;a izkI;rsA
(izdk'ke~)
Hkks ujksÙke! uk¿ga tkus ;r~ dks¿fLr Hkoku~A ijUrq Hkofn~Hk% mUehfyra es
u;u;qxye~A riksek=ks.k fo|keokIrqa iz;rekuks¿gefi fldrkfHkjso lsrfq uekZ.kiz;kla
djksfeA rfnnkuha fo|kè;;uk; xq#oqQyeso xPNkfeA
(liz.kkea xPNfr)
'kCnkFkkZ%
fldrk ckyqdk jsr
lsrq% tycU/% iqy
riL;kjr% ri%oqQoZu~ riL;k esa yhu
66 'kseq"kh
fir`pj.kS% rkriknS% firkth osQ }kjk
Dys';eku% larkI;eku% O;koqQy fd;k tkrk gqvk
v/hroku~ vè;;ua o`Qroku~ i<+k
oqQVqfEcfHk% ifjokjtuS% oqQVqfEc;ksa }kjk
KkfrtuS% cU/qckU/oS% cU/q&ckU/oksa }kjk
xfgZr% fufUnr% viekfur
fu%'oL; nh?kZ'okla x`ghRok yEch lk¡l ysdj
nqcqZf¼% nqefZ r% nq"V cqf¼okyk
ifj/kuS% oL=kS% diM+ksa ls] igukoksa ls
ekxZHkzkUr% iFkHkz"V% jkg ls HkVdk gqvk
miSfr izkIuksfr] lehia xPNfr tkrk gS] lehi tkrk gS
ri'p;Z;k rilk riL;k osQ }kjk
tyksPNyuèofu% tyksèoZxrs% 'kCn% ikuh osQ mNyus dh vkokt
dYyksyksPNyuèofu% rjÄkõ sPNyuL; 'kCn% rjaxksa osQ mNyus dh èofu
oqQokZ.ke~ oqQoZUre~ djrs gq,
lgkle~ gkliwoZde~ g¡lrs gq,
lksRizkle~ migkliwoZde~ f[kYyh mM+krs gq,] pqVdh
ysrs gq,
lkV~Vgkle~ vV~VgkliwoZde~ tksj ls g¡ldj
vV~Ve~ vV~Vkfydke~ vVkjh dks
vf/jks<qe~ mifj xUrqe~ p<+us osQ fy,
mi#.kfRl vojks/a djksf"k jksdrs gks
vk×Tkus;e~ guqeUre~ v×tfuiq=k guqeku~ dks
lfoe'kZe~ fopkjlfgre~ lksp&fopkj dj
loSy{;e~ lyTte~ yTtkiwod Z
oSnq";e~ ikf.MR;e~ fo}Rrk
mUehfyre~ mn~?kkfVre~ [kksy nh
fldrklsrq% 67
vH;kl%
(d) vu/hr% riksnÙk% oSQ% xfgZrks¿Hkor~\
([k) riksnÙk% osQu izdkjs.k fo|keokIrqa izoÙ` kks¿Hkor~\
(x) riksnÙk% iq#"kL; dka ps"Vka n`"V~ok vglr~\
(?k) riksek=ks.k fo|ka izkIrqa rL; iz;kl% dhn`'k% dfFkr%\
(Ä) vUrs riksnÙk% fo|kxzg.kk; oqQ=k xr%\
2- fHkUuoxhZ;a ina fpuqr&
;Fkk& vf/jks<qe~] xUrqe~] lsreq ]~ fuekZrqe~A
(d) fu%'oL;] fpUr;] foe`';] misR;A
([k) fo'oflfe] i';kfe] dfj";kfe] vfHky"kkfeA
(x) riksfHk%] nqcqZf¼%] fldrkfHk%] dqVqfEcfHk%A
3- (d) js[kkfÄïrkfu loZukeinkfu dLeS iz;qDrkfu\
(i) vyeya ro Jes.kA
(ii) u vga lksikuekxSjZ V~Vef/jks<qa fo'oflfeA
(iii) fpfUrra Hkork u okA
(iv) xq#x`ga xRoSo fo|kH;klks e;k dj.kh;%A
(v) Hkofn~Hk% mUehfyra es u;u;qxye~A
([k) v/ksfyf[krkfu dFkukfu d% oaQ izfr dFk;fr\
dFkukfu d% de~
(i) gk fo/s! fdfena e;k Ñre~\ ---------------- ----------------
(ii) Hkks egk'k;! fdfena fo/h;rsA ---------------- ----------------
(iii) HkksLrifLou~! dFka eke~ mi#.kfRlA ---------------- ----------------
(iv) fldrk% tyizokgs LFkkL;fUr fde~\ ---------------- ----------------
(v) ukga tkus dks¿fLr Hkoku~\ ---------------- ----------------
(d) riksnÙk% ri'p;Z;k fo|keokIrqa izo`Ùkks¿fLrA
([k) riksnÙk% oqQVqfEcfHk% fe=kS% xfgZr% vHkor~A
68 'kseq"kh
(x) iq#"k% u|ka fldrkfHk% lsrqa fuekZrqa iz;rrsA
(?k) riksnÙk% v{kjKkua fouSo oSnq";eokIrqe~ vfHky"kfrA
(Ä) riksnÙk% fo|kè;;uk; xq#oqQye~ vxPNr~A
(p) xq#x`ga xRoSo fo|kH;kl% dj.kh;%A
5- mnkgj.keuql`R; v/ksfyf[krfoxzginkuka leLrinkfu fy[kr&
foxzginkfu leLrinkfu
;Fkk& ladYiL; lkrR;su ladYilkrR;su
(d) v{kjk.kka Kkue~ ------------------------------
([k) fldrk;k% lsrq% ------------------------------
(x) firq% pj.kS% ------------------------------
(?k) xqjks% x`ge~ ------------------------------
(Ä) fo|k;k% vH;kl% ------------------------------
6- mnkgj.keuql`R; v/ksfyf[krkuka leLrinkuka foxzga oqQ#r&
leLrinkfu foxzg%
;Fkk& u;u;qxye~ u;u;ks% ;qxye~
(d) tyizokgs ------------------------------
([k) ri'p;Z;k ------------------------------
(x) tyksPNyuèofu% ------------------------------
(?k) lsrqfuekZ.kiz;kl% ------------------------------
7- mnkgj.keuql`R; dks"Bdkr~ ine~ vknk; uwrua okD;};a jp;r&
(d) ;Fkk& vya fpUr;kA (^vye~* ;ksxs r`rh;k)
(i) ------------------------- ------------------------- (Hk;)
(ii) ------------------------- ------------------------- (dksykgy)
([k) ;Fkk& eke~ vuq l xPNfrA (^vuq* ;ksxs f}rh;k)
(i) ----------- ----------- ----------- ----------- (x`g)
(ii) ----------- ----------- ----------- ----------- (ioZr)
fldrklsrq% 69
(x) ;Fkk& v{kjKkua fouSo oSnq";a izkIrqefHky"kflA (^fouk* ;ksxs f}rh;k)

(i) ----------- ----------- ----------- ----------- (ifjJe)
(ii) ----------- ----------- ----------- ----------- (vH;kl)
(?k) ;Fkk& lUè;ka ;kor~ x`geqiSfrA (^;kor~* ;ksxs f}rh;k)
(i) ----------- ----------- ----------- ----------- (ekl)
(ii) ----------- ----------- ----------- ----------- (o"kZ)
;ksX;rkfoLrkj%
(d) dfo ifjp; & dFkklfjRlkxj osQ jpf;rk d'ehj fuoklh Jh lksenso HkV~V gSaA ;s
d'ehj osQ jktk Jh vuUrnso osQ lHkkif.Mr FksA dfo us jkuh lw;Zerh osQ euks&fouksn osQ
fy, dFkklfjRlkxj uked xzUFk dh jpuk dhA bl xzUFk dk ewy egkdfo xq.kk<~; dh
c`gRdFkk (izkÑr xzUFk) gSA
([k) xzUFk ifjp; & dFkklfjRlkxj vusd dFkkvksa dk egkleqnz gSA bl xzUFk esa vBkjg yEcd
gSaA ewydFkk dh iqf"V osQ fy, vusd midFkk,¡ of.kZr dh xbZ gSaA izLrqr dFkk jRuizHkk uked
yEcd ls lÄfï yr dh xbZ gSA Kku&izkfIr osQoy riL;k ls ugha] cfYd xq# osQ lehi tkdj
vè;;ukfn dk;ks± osQ djus ls gksrh gSA ;gh bl dFkk dk lkj gSA
(x) i;kZ;okfpu% 'kCnk%&
bnkuhe~ & v/quk] lkEizre~] lEizfrA
tye~ & okfj] mnde~] lfyye~A
unh & lfjr~] rfVuh] rjfÄ.õ khA
iq#"kkFkZ% & m|ksx%] m|e%] ifjJe%A
(?k) foykse'kCnk%&
nqcqZf¼% & lqcqf¼%
xfgZr% & iz'kaflr%
izo`Ùk% & fuo`Ùk%
vH;kl% & vuH;kl%
lR;e~ & vlR;e~
70 'kseq"kh
(Ä) rqequ~&izR;;&iz;ksx%&
(^rqequ~* izR;; esa ^rqe~* 'ks"k cprk gSA ^rqequ~* bR;srL; ^rqe~* bR;so Hkkxks¿of'k";rs)
;Fkk&
O √ Ñ $ rqequ~ ¾ drqe Z ~ O √ xe~ $ rqequ~ ¾ xUrqe~
O vf/ $ √ #g~ $ rqequ~ ¾ vf/jks<qe~ O fuj~ $ √ ek $ rqequ~ ¾ fuekZrqe~
O vo $√ vki~ $ rqequ~ ¾ vokIrqe~
(p) vkRexre~ & ukVdksa esa iz;qDr ;g ,d ikfjHkkf"kd 'kCn gSA tc uV ;k vfHkusrk jaxe×p
ij vius dFku dks nwljksa dks lqukuk ugha pkgrk] eu esa gh lksprk gS rc mlosQ dFku dks
^vkRexre~* dgk tkrk gSA
(N) izdk'ke~ & tc uV ;k vfHkusrk osQ laokn jaxe×p ij n'kZdksa osQ lkeus izdV fd;s tkrs
gSa] rc mu laoknksa dks îzdk'ke~* 'kCn ls lwfpr fd;k tkrk gSA
(t) vfrjkerk & jke ls vkxs c<+ tkus dh fLFkfr dks ^vfrjkerk* dgk x;k gS&jkee~
vfrØkUr% ¾ vfrjke%] rL; Hkko% ¾ vfrjkerkA jke us f'kykvksa ls leqnz esa lsrq dk
fuekZ.k fd;k FkkA foiz&:i/kjh bUnz dks fldrk&d.kksa ls lsrq cukrs ns[k riksnÙk mudk
migkl djrs gq, dgrk gS fd rqe jke ls vkxs c<+ tkuk pkgrs gksA
fuEufyf[kr dgkorksa dks ikB esa vk, gq, laLÑr okD;ka'k esa igpkfu;s&
(i) lqcg dk Hkwyk 'kke dks ?kj ykSV vk;s] rks Hkwyk ugha dgykrk gSA
(ii) esjh vk¡[ksa [kqy xb±A
(>) vk×tus;e~ & v×tuk osQ iq=k gksus osQ dkj.k guqeku~ dks vk×tus; dgk tkrk gSA guqeku~
mNydj dgha Hkh tkus esa leFkZ FksA blfy, bUnz osQ ;g dgus ij fd eSa lh<+h ls tkus esa
fo'okl ugha djrk gw¡ vfirq mNydj gh tkus esa leFkZ gw¡] riksnÙk fiQj ls migkl djrs
gq, dgrk gS fd igys vkius iqy fuekZ.k esa jke dks yk¡?k fy;k vkSj vc mNyus esa guqeku~
dks Hkh yk¡?kus dh bPNk dj jgs gSaA
(×k) v{kjKkuL; ekgkRE;e~&
(i) fo|k/ua loZ/uiz/kue~A
(ii) ¯d ¯d u lk/;fr dYiyrso fo|kA
(iii) ;% iBfr fy[kfr i';fr ifji`PNfr if.MrkuqikJ;rsA
rL; fnokdjfdj.kS% ufyuhnyfeo fodkL;rs cqf¼%AA
vè;srO;% xzUFk%&
dFkklfjRlkxj (laf{kIr fgUnh :ikUrj) jk/koYyHk f=kikBh] us'kuy cqd VªLV] ubZ fnYyhA
izFke% ikB%
HkkjrholUrxhfr%
izLrqr xhr vk/qfud laLÑr&lkfgR; osQ iz[;kr dfo ia- tkudh oYyHk 'kkL=kh dh jpuk
^dkdyh* uked xhrlaxgz ls ladfyr gSA blesa ljLorh dh oUnuk djrs gq, dkeuk dh xbZ gS
fd gs ljLorh! ,slh oh.kk ctkvks] ftlls e/qj e×tfj;ksa ls ihr iafDrokys vke osQ o`{k] dks;y
dk owQtu] ok;q dk /hjs&/hjs cguk] vejkb;ksa esa dkys Hkzejksa dk xq×tkj vkSj ufn;ksa dk (yhyk
osQ lkFk cgrk gqvk) ty] olUr Írq esa eksgd gks mBsA Lok/hurk laxzke dh i`"BHkwfe esa fy[kh
x;h ;g xhfrdk ,d uohu psruk dk vkokgu djrh gS rFkk ,sls oh.kkLoj dh ifjdYiuk djrh
gS tks Lok/hurk izkfIr osQ fy, tuleqnk; dks izsfjr djsA
fuukn; uohuke;s okf.k! oh.kke~

e`naq xk; xhfra yfyr&uhfr&yhuke~ A
e/qj&e×tjh&fi×tjh&Hkwr&ekyk%
olUrs ylUrhg ljlk jlkyk%
dykik% yfyr&dksfdyk&dkdyhuke~ AA1AA
fuukn;---AA
ogfr eUneUna luhjs lehjs
dfyUnkRetk;kLlokuhjrhjs]
urka ifƒekyksD; e/qek/ohuke~ AA2AA
fuukn;---AA
yfyr&iYyos iknis iq"iiq×ts
ey;ek#rksPpqfEcrs e×tqoQq ×ts]
LouUrhUrfrEiz{s ; efyukeyhuke~ AA3AA
fuukn;---AA
HkkjrholUrxhfr% 3
yrkuka furkUra lqea 'kkfUr'khye~

pysnPq NysRdkUrlfyya lyhye~]
rokd.;Z oh.kkenhuka unhuke~ AA4AA fuukn;---AA
'kCnkFkkZ%
fuukn; furjka okn; xqaftr djks@ctkvks
e`nqa pk#] e/qja dksey
yfyruhfryhuke~ lqUnjuhfrlayXuke~ lqUnj uhfr esa yhu
e×tjh vkezoqQlqee~ vkeziq"i
fi×tjhHkwrekyk% ihriÄ~Dr;% ihys o.kZ ls ;qDr iafDr;k¡
ylfUr 'kksHkUrs lq'kksfHkr gks jgh gSa
bg v=k ;gk¡
ljlk% jliw.kkZ% e/qj
jlkyk% vkezk% vke osQ isM+
dykik% lewgk% lewg
dkdyh dksfdykuka èofu% dks;y dh vkokt
luhjs ltys ty ls iw.kZ
lehjs ok;kS gok esa
dfyUnkRetk;k% ;equk;k% ;equk unh osQ
lokuhjrhjs osrl;qDrs rVs csar dh yrk ls ;qDr rV ij
urke~ ufrizkIrke~ >qdh gqbZ
e/qek/ohuke~ e/qek/ohyrkuke~ e/qj ekyrh yrkvksa dk
yfyriYyos euksgjiYyos eu dks vkdf"kZr djus okys iÙks
iq"iiq×ts iq"ilewgs iq"iksa osQ lewg ij
ey;ek#rksPpqfEcrs ey;kfuylaLi`"Vs pUnu o`{k dh lqxfU/r ok;q ls Li'kZ
fd;s x;s
e×tqoqQ×ts 'kksHkuyrkforkus lqUnj yrkvksa ls vkPNkfnr LFkku
LouUrha èofua oqQoZUrhe~ èofu djrh gqbZ
rfra ifƒe~ lewg dks
isz{; n`"V~ok ns[kdj
4 'kseq"kh
efyuke~ Ñ".ko.kkZe~ efyu
vyhuke~ Hkzejk.kke~ Hkzejksa osQ
lqee~ oqQlqee~ iq"i dks
'kkfUr'khye~ 'kkfUr;qDre~ 'kkfUr ls ;qDr
mPNysr~ mQèo± xPNsr~ mPNfyr gks mBs
dkUrlfyye~ euksgjtye~ LoPN ty
lyhye~ ØhMklfgre~ [ksy&[ksy osQ lkFk
vkd.;Z JqRok lqudj
vH;kl%
1- v/ksfyf[krkuka iz'ukukeqRrjkf.k laLÑrHkk"k;k fy[kr&
(d) dfo% oh.kkikf.ka ¯d dFk;fr\
([k) olUrs ¯d Hkofr\
(x) ljLoR;k% oh.kka JqRok ¯d ifjorZua Hkorq bfr dos% bPNka fy[krA
(?k) dfo% Hkxorha Hkkjrha dL;k% u|k% rVs (oqQ=k) e/qek/ohuka urka ifƒe~ voyksD;
oh.kka oknf;rqa dFk;fr\
2- ^d* LrEHks inkfu] ^[k* LrEHks rs"kka i;kZ;inkfu nÙkkfuA rkfu fpRok inkuka le{ks
fy[kr&
^d* LrEHk% ^[k* LrEHk%
(d) ljLorh (1) rhjs
([k) vkeze~ (2) vyhuke~
(x) iou% (3) lehj%
(?k) rVs (4) ok.kh
(Ä) Hkzejk.kke~ (5) jlky%
3- v/ksfyf[krkfu inkfu iz;qT; laLÑrHkk"k;k okD;jpuka oqQ#r&
(d) fuukn; ([k) eUneUne~
(x) ek#r% (?k) lfyye~
(Ä) lqeu%
HkkjrholUrxhfr% 5
4- izFke'yksdL; vk'k;a fgUnhHkk"k;k vkÄ~XyHkk"k;k ok fy[kr&

5- v/ksfyf[krinkuka foykseinkfu fy[kr&
(d) dBksje~ & -----------------------
([k) dVq & -----------------------
(x) 'kh?kze~ & -----------------------
(?k) izkphue~ & -----------------------
(Ä) uhjl% & -----------------------
ifj;kstukdk;Ze~
ikBs¿fLeu~ oh.kk;k% ppkZ vfLrA vU;s"kka i×pok|;U=kk.kka fp=ka jpf;Rok ladyÕ; ok rs"kka
ukekfu fy[krA
;ksX;rkfoLrkj%
vUo; vkSj fgUnh HkkokFkZ
v;s okf.k! uohuka oh.kka fuukn;A yfyruhfryhuka xhfra e`nqa xk;A
gs ok.kh! uohu oh.kk dks ctkvks] lqUnj uhfr;ksa ls ifjiw.kZ xhr dk e/qj xku djksA
bg olUrs e/qje×tjhfi×tjhHkwrekyk% ljlk% jlkyk% ylfUrA yfyr&dksfdykdkdyhuka
dykik% (foylfUr)A v;s okf.k ! uohuka oh.kka fuukn;A
bl olUr esa e/qj e×tfj;ksa ls ihyh gks x;h ljl vke osQ o`{kksa dh ekyk lq'kksfHkr gks jgh
gSA euksgj dkdyh (cksyh] owQd) okyh dksfdyksa osQ lewg lqUnj yx jgs gSaA gs ok.kh! uohu oh.kk
dks ctkvksA
dfyUnkRetk;k% lokuhjrhjs luhjs lehjs eUneUna ogfr (lfr) ekèkqekèkohuka urka
ifÄ~Dre~ voyksD;A v;s okf.k! uohuka oh.kka fuukn;A
;equk osQ osrl yrkvksa ls f?kjs rV ij ty fcUnqvksa ls iwfjr ok;q osQ eUn eUn cgus ij iwQyksa
ls >qdh gqbZ e/qek/oh yrk dks ns[kdj] gs ok.kh! uohu oh.kk dks ctkvksA
yfyriYyos iknis iq"iiq×ts e×tqoQq ×ts ey;&ek#rksPpqfEcrs LouUrhe~ vyhuka efyuka
rfra izs{; v;s okf.k! uohuka oh.kka fuukn;A
ey;iou ls Li`"V yfyr iYyoksa okys o`{kksa] iq"iiq×tksa rFkk lqUnj oqQ×tksa ij dkys HkkSajksa dh
xq×tkj djrh gqbZ iafDr dks ns[kdj] gs ok.kh uohu oh.kk dks ctkvksA
6 'kseq"kh
ro vnhuka oh.kke~ vkd.;Z yrkuka furkUra 'kkfUr'khya lqea pysr~ unhuka dkUrlfyya
lyhye~ mPNysr~A v;s okf.k! uohuka oh.kka fuukn;A
rqEgkjh vkstfLouh oh.kk dks lqudj yrkvksa osQ furkUr 'kkUr lqeu fgy mBsa] ufn;ksa dk
euksgj ty ØhMk djrk gqvk mNy iM+sA gs ok.kh! uohu oh.kk dks ctkvksA
izLrqr xhr osQ lekukUrj xhr&
oh.kkokfnfu oj nsA
fiz; LorU=k jo ve`r eU=k uo]
Hkkjr esa Hkj nsA
oh.kkokfnfu oj ns
fgUnh osQ izfl¼ dfo ia- lw;ZdkUr f=kikBh fujkyk osQ xhr dh oqQN iafDr;k¡ ;gk¡ nh xbZ
gSa] ftuesa ljLorh ls Hkkjr osQ mRd"kZ osQ fy;s izkFkZuk dh xbZ gSA jk"Vªdfo eSfFkyh'kj.kxqIr dh
jpuk ¶Hkkjro"kZ esa xw¡ts gekjh Hkkjrh¸ Hkh ,sls gh Hkkoksa ls vksrizksr gSA
ia- tkudhoYyHk 'kkL=kh

ia- tkudh oYyHk 'kkL=kh fgUnh osQ Nk;koknh ;qx osQ dfo osQ :i esa izfl¼ gSaA ;s laLÑr osQ
jpukdkj ,oa mRÑ"V vè;srk jgsA ckY;dky esa gh 'kkL=kh th dh dkO; jpuk esa izo`fÙk cu xbZ
FkhA viuh fd'kksjkoLFkk esa gh bUgsa laLÑr dfo osQ :i esa ekU;rk izkIr gks pqdh FkhA mUuhl o"kZ
dh mez esa budh laLÑr dforkvksa dk laxzg ^dkdyh* dk izdk'ku gqvkA
'kkL=kh th us laLÑr lkfgR; esa vk/qfud fo/k dh jpukvksa dk izkjaHk fd;kA buosQ }kjk xhr]
xty] 'yksd] vkfn fo/kvksa esa fy[kh xbZ laLÑr dfork,¡ cgqr yksdfiz; gqb±A budh laLÑr
dforkvksa esa laxhrkRedrk vkSj y; dh fo'ks"krk us yksxksa ij vizfre izHkko MkykA
n'ke% ikB%
tVk;ks% 'kkS;eZ ~
izLrqr ikB~;ka'k vkfndfo okYehfd&iz.khr jkek;.ke~ osQ vj.;dk.M ls m¼`r fd;k x;k gS ftlesa
tVk;q vkSj jko.k osQ ;q¼ dk o.kZu gSA iapoVh dkuu esa lhrk dk d#.k foyki lqudj if{kJs"B
tVk;q mudh j{kk osQ fy, nkSM+sA os jko.k dks ijnkjkfHke'kZu:i fuU| ,oa nq"deZ ls fojr gksus osQ
fy, dgrs gSaA jko.k dh vifjofrZr eukso`fÙk dks ns[k os ml ij Hk;kog vkØe.k djrs gSaA
egkcyh tVk;q vius rh[ks u[kksa rFkk i×tksa ls jko.k osQ 'kjhj esa vusd ?kko dj nsrs gSa rFkk i×tksa
osQ izgkj ls mlosQ fo'kky èkuq"k dks [kafMr dj nsrs gSaA VwVs èkuq"k] ekjs x;s v'oksa vkSj lkjFkh okyk
jko.k fojFk gksdj i`Foh ij fxj iM+rk gSA oqQN gh {k.kksa ckn Øks/ka/ jko.k tVk;q ij izk.k?kkrd
izgkj djrk gS ijarq if{kJs"B tVk;q mlls viuk cpko dj ml ij p×pq&izgkj djrs gSa] mlosQ
ck;sa Hkkx dh n'kksa Hkqtkvksa dks {kr&fo{kr dj nsrs gSaA
lk rnk d#.kk okpks foyiUrh lqn%q f[krkA

ouLifrxra x`/za nn'kkZ;rykspuk AA1AA
tVk;ks i'; ekek;Z fß;ek.kkeukFkor~ A
vusu jk{klsUnzs.k d#.ka ikideZ.kk AA2AA
ra 'kCneolqIrLrq tVk;qjFk 'kqJqosA
fujh{; jko.ka f{kiza oSnsgha p nn'kZ l% AA3AA
rr% ioZ r 'k` Ä õ k HkLrh{.krq . M% [kxks Ù ke%A
ouLifrxr% JhekUO;ktgkj 'kqHkka fxje~ AA4AA
fuorZ; efra uhpka ijnkjkfHke'kZukr~A
u rRlekpjs¼hjks ;Rijks¿L; foxgZ;rs ~ AA5AA
72 'kseq"kh
o`¼ks¿ga Roa ;qok /Uoh ljFk% doph 'kjhA
u pkI;knk; dq'kyh oSnsgha es xfe";fl AA6AA
rL; rh{.ku[kkH;ka rq pj.kkH;ka egkcy%A
pdkj cgq/k xk=ks oz.kkUirxlÙke% AA7AA
rrks¿L; l'kja pkia eqDrkef.kfoHkwf"kre~A

pj.kkH;ka egkrstk cHk×TkkL; eg¼uq% AA8AA
l HkXu/Uok fojFkks grk'oks grlkjfFk%A
vÄusï knk; oSngs ha iikr Hkqfo jko.k% AA9AA
tVk;ks% 'kkS;Ze~ 73
laifj"oT; oSnsgha okesukÄuïs jko.k%A

rysukfHkt?kkuk'kq tVk;qa Øks/ewfPZNr% AA10AA
tVk;qLrefrØE; rq.MsukL; [kxkf/i%A
okeckgwUn'k rnk O;ikgjnfjUne% AA11AA
'kCnkFkkZ%
fß;ek.kke~ uh;ekuke~ ys tkbZ tkrh@vigj.k dh tkrh gqbZ
jk{klsUnzs.k nkuoifruk jk{klksa osQ jktk }kjk
ijnkjkfHke'kZukr~ ijL=khLi'kkZr~ ijkbZ L=kh osQ Li'kZ ls
foxgZ;sr~ fuU|kr~ fuUnk djuh pkfg,
/Uoh /uq/Zj% /uq/Zj
doph dop/kjh dop /kj.k fd, gq,
'kjh ck.k/j% ck.k dks fy, gq,
O;ktgkj vdFk;r~ dgk
fuorZ; okj.ka oqQ# euk djks] jksdks
O;ikgjr~ mR[kkroku~ m[kkM+ fn;k
oSnsghe~ lhrke~ lhrk dks
oz.kku~ izgkjtfurLiQksVku~ izgkj (pksV) ls gksus okys ?kkoksa dks
cHk×t HkXua Ñroku~ rksM+ fn;k
irxs'oj% tVk;q% tVk;q (if{kjkt)
fo/w; vilk;Z nwj gVkdj
HkXu/Uok HkXua /uq% ;L; l% VwVs gq, /uq"k okyk
grk'o% grk% v'ok% ;L; l% ekjs x, ?kksM+ksa okyk
vknk; x`ghRok ysdj
vfHkt?kku groku~ ekj Mkyk
vk'kq 'kh?kze~ 'kh?kz gh
rq.Msu eq[ksu] p×Pok pksap osQ }kjk
[kxkf/i% if{kjkt% if{k;ksa dk jktk
vfjUne% 'k=kqneu%] 'k=kquk'kd% 'k=kqvksa dks u"V djus okyk
74 'kseq"kh
vH;kl%
(d) ¶tVk;ks! i';¸ bfr dk onfr\
([k) tVk;q% jko.ka fda dFk;fr\
(x) Øks/o'kkr~ jko.k% fda drqZe~ m|r% vHkor~\
(?k) irxs'oj% jko.kL; dhn`'ka pkia l'kja cHk×t\
(Ä) grk'oks grlkjfFk% jko.k% dq=k virr~\
2- mnkgj.keuql`R; f.kfu&izR;;iz;ksxa ÑRok inkfu jp;r&
;Fkk& xq.k $ f.kfu & xqf.ku~ (xq.kh)
nku $ f.kfu & nkfuu~ (nkuh)
(d) dop $ f.kfu & --------------
([k) 'kj $ f.kfu & --------------
(x) oqQ'ky $ f.kfu & --------------
(?k) /u $ f.kfu & --------------
(Ä) n.M $ f.kfu & --------------
3- jko.kL; tVk;ks'p fo'ks"k.kkfu lfEefyr:is.k fyf[krkfu rkfu i`Fkd~&i`Fko~Q ÑRok
fy[kr&
;qok] l'kj%] o`¼%] grk'o%] egkcy%] irxlÙke%] HkXu/Uok] egkx`èkz%]
[kxkf/i%] Øks/ewfPZNr%] irxs'oj%] ljFk%] doph] 'kjh
;Fkk&
jko.k% tVk;q%
;qok o`¼%
---------------------- ----------------------
---------------------- ----------------------
---------------------- ----------------------
---------------------- ----------------------
---------------------- ----------------------
---------------------- ----------------------
tVk;ks% 'kkS;Ze~ 75
4- lfU/a@lfU/foPNsna ok oqQ#r&
;Fkk& p $ vknk; ¾ pknk;
(d) gr $ v'o% ¾ --------------
([k) rq.Msu $ vL; ¾ --------------
(x) -------------- $ -------------- ¾ cHk×tkL;
(?k) -------------- $ -------------- ¾ vÄïsuknk;
(Ä) -------------- $ -------------- ¾ [kxkf/i%
5- ^d* LrEHks fyf[krkuka inkuka i;kZ;k% ^[k* LrEHks fyf[krk%A rku~ ;Fkkle{ka ;kst;r&
d [k
doph virr~
vk'kq if{kJs"B%
fojFk% i`fFkO;ke~
iikr dop/kjh
Hkqfo 'kh?kze~
irxlÙke% jFkfoghu%
6- v/ksfyf[krkuka inkuka@foykseinkfu e×tw"kk;ka nÙks"kq ins"kq fpRok ;Fkkle{ka fy[kr&
eUne~ iq.;deZ.kk glUrh vuk;Z vufrØE;
iznk; nsosUnzs.k iz'kalsr~ nf{k.ksu ;qok
inkfu foykse'kCnk%
(d) foyiUrh -----------------
([k) vk;Z -----------------
(x) jk{klsUnzs.k -----------------
(?k) ikideZ.kk -----------------
(Ä) f{kize~ -----------------
(p) foxgZ;sr~ -----------------
(N) o`¼% -----------------
(t) vknk; -----------------
(>) okesu -----------------
(×k) vfrØE; -----------------
76 'kseq"kh
7- (d) v/ksfyf[krkfu fo'ks"k.kinkfu iz;qT; laLÑrokD;kfu jp;r&
(i) 'kqHkke~ ----------------- (iv) [kxkf/i% -----------------
(ii) grlkjfFk% ----------------- (v) okesu -----------------
(iii) doph -----------------
([k) mnkgj.keuql`R; leLra ina jp;r&
;Fkk& =k;k.kka yksdkuka lekgkj% & f=kyksdh
(i) i×pkuka oVkuka lekgkj% & ------------------------
(ii) lIRkkuka inkuka lekgkj% & ------------------------
(iii) v"Vkuka Hkqtkuka lekgkj% & ------------------------
(iv) prq.kk± eq[kkuka lekgkj% & ------------------------
;ksX;rkfoLrkj%
(d) dfo ifjp;
egf"kZ okYehfd vkfndkO; jkek;.k osQ jpf;rk gaSA dgk tkrk gS fd okYehfd dk ân;]
,d O;k/ }kjk ØhMkjr ØkS×p;qxy (if{k;ksa osQ tksM+s) esa ls ,d osQ ekj fn;s tkus ij
mldh lgpjh osQ foyki dks lqudj nzfor gks x;k rFkk muosQ eq[k ls 'kki osQ :i esa
tks ok.kh fudyh og 'yksd osQ :i esa FkhA ogh 'yksd ykSfdd laLÑr dk vkfn'yksd
ekuk tkrk gS&
ek fu"kkn izfr"Bka Roexe% 'kk'orh% lek%A
;RØkS×pfeFkquknsdeo/h% dkeeksfgre~AA
([k) Hkko foLrkj
tVk;q&lw;Z osQ lkjFkh v#.k osQ nks iq=k Fks&lEikrh vkSj tVk;qA tVk;q i×poVh ou osQ
if{k;ksa dk jktk Fkk tgk¡ vius ijkØe ,oa cqf¼dkS'ky ls 'kklu djrk FkkA i×poVh esa
jko.k }kjk vigj.k dh x;h lhrk osQ foyki dks lqudj tVk;q us lhrk dh j{kk osQ fy,
jko.k osQ lkFk ;q¼ fd;k vkSj ohjxfr ikbZA bl izdkj jkt&/eZ dh j{kk esa vius izk.kksa dk
mRlxZ djus okys tVk;q dks Hkkjrh; laLÑfr dk egku~ uk;d ekuk tkrk gSA
(x) lhrk fo"k;d lwpuk nsrs gq, tVk;q us jke ls tks opu dgs os bl izdkj gSa&
;keks " k/hfeok;q " eÂUos " kfl egkous A
lk p nsoh ee izk.kk% jko.ksuksHk;a âre~AA
tVk;ks% 'kkS;Ze~ 77
Hkkf"kdfoLrkj%
(?k) okD; iz;ksx
z fxje~ & Nk=k% e/qjka fxje~ mokpA
z irxs'oj% & if{kjkt% tVk;q% irxs'oj% vfi dF;rsA
z 'kjh & 'kjh jko.k% fu%'kL=ks.k tVk;quk vkØkUr%A
z fo/w; & ohj% 'k=kqizgkjku~ fo/w; vxzs vxPNr~A
z oz.kku~ & fpfdRld% vkS"k/su oz.kku~ fojksfirku~ vdjksr~A
z iikr & o`{k% dqBkjs.k fNUu% lu~ HkwekS iikrA
z rq.Msu & 'kqdk% rq.Msu r.Mqyku~ [kknfUrA
z O;ikgjr~ & tVk;q% jko.kL; ckgwu~ O;ikgjr~A
z vk'kq & Lodk;Ze~ vk'kq lEikn;A
z vfHkt?kku & jke% ous vusdku~ jk{klku~ vfHkt?kkuA
(Ä) L=khizR;;&
Vki~ izR;;&d#.kk] nqf[krk] 'kqHkk] fuEuk] j{k.kh;k
Ähi~ izR;;&foyiUrh] ;'kfLouh] oSnsgh] deyi=kk{kh
fr izR;;&;qofr%
iafq YyÄõ 'kCnksa ls L=khfyÄõ in fuekZ.k esa Vki~&Ähi~&fr izR;; iz;qDr gksrs gSaA Vki~ izR;;
dk ^vk* rFkk Ähi~ izR;; dk ^bZ* 'ks"k jgrk gSA
;Fkk&
z ew"kd $ Vki~ ¾ ewf"kdk
z ckyd $ Vki~ ¾ ckfydk
z v'o $ Vki~ ¾ v'ok
z oRl $ Vki~ ¾ oRlk
z glu~ $ Ähi~ ¾ glUrh
z ekuq"k% $ Ähi~ ¾ ekuq"kh
z ekfuu~ $ Ähi~ ¾ ekfuuh
z jktu~ $ Ähi~ ¾ jkKh
,dkn'k% ikB%
i;kZoj.ke~
izLrqr ikB~;ka'k i;kZoj.k dks è;ku esa j[kdj fy[kk x;k ,d y?kq fucUèk gSA orZeku ;qx esa iznwf"kr
okrkoj.k ekuo&thou osQ fy, Hk;Äjï vfHk'kki cu x;k gSA ufn;ksa dk ty dyqf"kr gks jgk gS]
ou o`{kksa ls jfgr gks jgs gSa] feV~Vh dk dVko c<+us ls ck<+ dh leL;k,¡ c<+rh tk jgh gSaA
dy&dkj[kkuksa vkSj okguksa osQ /q,¡ ls ok;q fo"kSyh gks jgh gSA oU;&izkf.k;ksa dh tkfr;k¡ Hkh u"V
gks jgh gSaA oSKkfudksa osQ vuqlkj o`{kksa ,oa ouLifr;ksa osQ vHkko esa euq";ksa osQ fy, thfor jguk
vlEHko izrhr gksrk gSA i=k] iq"i] iQy] dk"B] Nk;k ,oa vkS"kf/ iznku djus okys ikniksa ,oa o`{kksa
dh mi;ksfxrk orZeku le; esa iwokZis{k;k vf/d gSA ,slh ifjfLFkfr esa gekjk drZO; gS fd ge
i;kZoj.k osQ laj{k.kkFkZ mik; djsaA o`{kksa osQ jksi.k] unh&ty dh LoPNrk] mQtkZ osQ laj{k.k] okih]
owQi] rM+kx] m|ku vkfn osQ fuekZ.k vkSj mudks LoPN j[kus esa iz;Ru'khy gksa rkfd thou lq[ke;
,oa minzo jfgr gks losQA
izÑfr% les"kka izkf.kuka laj{k.kk; ;rrsA b;a lokZu~ iq".kkfr fofoèkS%S izdkjS%] riZ;fr p
lq[klk/uS%A i`fFkoh] tya] rstks] ok;q%] vkdk'k'pkL;k% ize[q kkfu rÙokfuA rkU;so
fefyRok i`FkDr;k ok¿Lekda i;kZoj.ka jp;fUrA vkfoz;rs ifjr% leUrkr~ yksdks¿usus fs r
i;kZoj.ke~A ;Fkk¿tkrf''k'kq% ekr`xHksZ lqjf{krfLr"Bfr rFkSo ekuo% i;kZoj.koqQ{kkSA ifj"Ñra
izn"w k.kjfgra p i;kZoj.keLeH;a lkalkfjoaQ thoulq[ka] lf}pkja] lR;lÄYï ia ekÄfõ ydlkexzh×p
iznnkfrA izÑfrdksi%S vkrfÄïrks tu% fda drq± izHkofr\ tyIykouS%] vfXuHk;S%] HkwdEiS%]
okR;kpozQS %] mYdkikrkfnfHk'p lUrIrL; ekuoL; Do eÄõye~\
vr,o izÑfrjLekfHk% j{k.kh;kA rsu p i;kZoj.ka jf{kra Hkfo";frA izkphudkys
yksdeÄõyk'kaflu Í"k;ks ous fuolfUr LeA ;rks fg ous ,o lqjf{kra i;kZoj.keqiyH;rs
LeA fofo/k fogxk% dyowQftrSLr=k Jks=kjlk;ua nnfrA
i;kZoj.ke~ 79
lfjrks fxfjfu>Zjk'p ve`rLoknq fueZya tya iz;PNfUrA o`{kk yrk'p iQykfu

iq"ikf.k bU/udk"Bkfu p ckgqY;su leqigjfUrA 'khryeUnlqxU/ouiouk vkS"kèkdYia
izk.kok;aq forjfUrA
ijUrq LokFkkZU/ks ekuoLrnso i;kZoj.ke| uk'k;frA LoYiykHkk; tuk cgqeYw ;kfu

oLrwfu uk'k;fUrA ;U=kkxkjk.kka fo"kkDra tya u|ka fuikR;rs ;su eRL;knhuka typjk.kka p
{k.ksuoS uk'kks tk;rsA unhtyefi rRloZFkk¿is;a tk;rsA ouo`{kk fufoZod
s a fN|Urs O;kikjoèkZuk;]
;su vo`f"V% izo/Zr]s oui'ko'p 'kj.kjfgrk xzkes"kq minzoa fon/frA 'kq¼ok;qjfi o`{kdrZukr~
lÄïVkiUuks tkr%A ,oa fg LokFkkZU/ekuoSfoZÑfreqixrk izÑfrjso rs"kka fouk'kd=khZ l×tkrkA
i;kZoj.ks foÑfreqixrs tk;Urs fofo/k jksxk Hkh"k.kleL;k'pA rRloZfenkuha fpUruh;a
izfrHkkfrA
/eksZ j{kfr jf{kr% bR;k"kZopue~A i;kZoj.kj{k.kefi èkeZL;SokÄõfefr Í"k;%
izfrikfnroUr%A rr ,o okihowQirMkxkfnfuekZ.ka nsok;rufoJkex`gkfnLFkkiu×p
80 'kseq"kh
èkeZfl¼s% Ïksrks:is.kkÄhõ Ñre~A oqQDoqQjlwdjliZuoqQykfnLFkypjk] eRL;dPNiedjizHk`r;ks
typjk'pkfi j{k.kh;k%] ;rLrs LFkyeykiuksfnuks tyeykigkfj.k'pA izÑfrj{k;So lEHkofr
yksdj{ksfr u la'k;%A
'kCnkFkkZ%
iq".kkfr iks"k.ka djksfr iq"V djrk gS
vtkr% f'k'kq% vuqRiUutkrd% vtUek f'k'kq
oqQ{kkS xHksZ xHkZ esa
tyIykouS% tykS?kS% ck<+ ls
okR;kpoSzQ% okrpoSQz % vk¡/h] coaMj
yksdeÄõyk'kaflu% lektdY;k.kdkek% turk osQ dY;k.k dks pkgus okys
Jks=kjlk;ue~ d.kkZe`re~ dku dks vPNk yxus okyk
fxfjfu>Zjk% ioZrkuka izikrk% igkM+ksa ls fudyus okys >jus
;U=kkxkjk.kke~ ;U=kky;kuke~ dkj[kkuksa osQ
vis;e~ ikrqe~ v;ksX;e~ u ihus ;ksX;
o`{kdrZukr~ o`{kk.kke~ mPNsnkr~ isM+ksa osQ dkVus ls
nsok;rue~ nsoky;%] efUnje~ efUnj
LFkyeykiuksfnu% Hkwfeeykilkfj.k% Hkwfe dh xUnxh dks nwj djus okys
vH;kl%
1- vèkksfyf[krkuka iz'ukukeqÙkjkf.k laLd`rHkk"k;k fy[kr&

(d) izd`rs% izeq[krÙokfu dkfu lfUr\
([k) LokFkkZU/% ekuo% ¯d djksfr\
(x) i;kZoj.ks fod`rs tkrs ¯d Hkofr\
(?k) vLekfHk% i;kZoj.kL; j{kk dFka dj.kh;k\
(Ä) yksdj{kk dFka laHkofr\
(p) ifj"o`Qra i;kZoj.ke~ vLeH;a ¯d ¯d nnkfr\
i;kZoj.ke~ 81

(d) ouo`{kk% fufoZosda fN|UrsA
([k) o`{kdrZukr~ 'kq¼ok;q% u izkI;rsA
(x) izd`fr% thoulq[ka iznnkfrA
(?k) vtkrf''k'kq% ekr`xHksZ lqjf{kr% fr"BfrA
(Ä) i;kZoj.kj{k.ka /eZL; vÄõe~ vfLrA
3- mnkgj.keuql`R; injpuka oqQ#r&
(d) ;Fkk& tys pjfUr bfr & typjk%
LFkys pjfUr bfr & -----------------------
fu'kk;ka pjfUr bfr & -----------------------
O;ksfEu pjfUr bfr & -----------------------
fxjkS pjfUr bfr & -----------------------
HkwekS pjfUr bfr & -----------------------
([k) ;Fkk& u is;e~ bfr & vis;e~
u o`f"V bfr & -----------------------
u lq[ke~ bfr & -----------------------
u Hkko% bfr & -----------------------
u iw.kZ% bfr & -----------------------
4- mnkgj.keuql`R; infuekZ.ka oqQ#r&
;Fkk&fo $ o`Q $ fDru~ ¾ foÑfr%
(d) iz $ xe~ $ fDru~ ¾ -----------------------
([k) n`'k~ $ fDru~ ¾ -----------------------
(x) xe~ $ fDru~ ¾ -----------------------
(?k) eu~ $ fDru~ ¾ -----------------------
(Ä) 'ke~ $ fDru~ ¾ -----------------------
(p) Hkh $ fDru~ ¾ -----------------------
(N) tu~ $ fDru~ ¾ -----------------------
(t) Hkt~ $ fDru~ ¾ -----------------------
(>) uh $ fDru~ ¾ -----------------------
82 'kseq"kh
5- funsZ'kkuqlkja ifjorZ;r&
;Fkk&LokFkkZU/ks ekuo% v| i;kZoj.ka uk'k;fr (cgqopus)A
LokFkkZU/k% ekuok% v| i;kZoj.ka uk'k;fUrA
(d) lUrIrL; ekuoL; eÄõya oqQr%\ (cgqopus)
([k) ekuok% i;kZoj.koqQ{kkS lqjf{krk% HkofUrA (,dopus)
(x) ouo`{kk% fufoZosda fN|UrsA (,dopus)
(?k) fxfjfu>Zjk% fueZya tya iz;PNfUrA (f}opus)
(Ä) lfjr~ fueZya tya iz;PNfrA (cgqopus)
6- i;kZoj.kj{k.kk; HkoUr% fda dfj";fUr bfr fo"k;s i×p okD;kfu fy[krA
;Fkk& vga fo"kkDre~ vodja unh"kq u ikrf;";kfeA
(d) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
([k) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(x) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(?k) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(Ä) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
7- (d) mnkgj.keuql`R; milxkZu~ i`FkDÑRok fy[kr&
;Fkk& laj{k.kk; & le~
(i) izHkofr & ----------------------
(ii) miyH;rs & ----------------------
(iii) fuolfUr & ----------------------
(iv) leqigjfUr & ----------------------
(v) forjfUr & ----------------------
(vi) iz;PNfUr & ----------------------
(vii) mixrk & ----------------------
(viii) izfrHkkfr & ----------------------
i;kZoj.ke~ 83
([k) mnkgj.keuql`R; v/ksfyf[krkuka leLrinkukaa foxzga fy[kr&

;Fkk& rstksok;q% & rst% ok;q% pA
fxfjfu>ZZjk% & fxj;% fu>Zjk% pA
(i) i=kiq"is & ----------------------
(ii) yrko`{kkS & ----------------------
(iii) i'kqi{kh & ----------------------
(iv) dhVirÄkõ S & ----------------------
ifj;kstukdk;Ze~
(d) fo|ky;izkÄõ.ks fLFkrL; m|kuL; o`{kk% iknik'p dFka lqjf{krk% L;q% rnFk± iz;Ru%
dj.kh;% bfr lIrokD;s"kq fy[krA
([k) vfHkHkkodL; f'k{kdL; ok lg;ksxsu ,dL; o`{kL; vkjksi.ka dj.kh;e~A (;fn LFkkue~
vfLrA) rfgZ fo|ky;&izkÄõ.ks] ukfLr psr~ LofLeu~ izfros'ks] x`gs okA) Ñra lo±
nSufUnU;ka fyf[kRok f'k{koaQ n'kZ;rA
;ksX;rkfoLrkj%
(d) fPo izR;; dk iz;ksx &
vHkwrrn~Hkkos fPo & tks oLrq igys u gks mlosQ gks tkus esa fPo izR;; dk iz;ksx
fd;k tkrk gSA fPo izR;; dk iz;ksx osQoy Hkw rFkk o`Q /krqvksa osQ lkFk gksrk gSA 'kCn
osQ vfUre Loj dk ^bZ* gks tkrk gSA
;Fkk& vÄhõ Ñre~ & vuÄLõ ; (vLoho`QrL;) vÄaõ Ñre~ vÄhõ o`Qre~ (Loho`Qre~)
Ñ".khfØ;rs & vÑ".kL; Ñ".k% fØ;rs
czãhHkofr & vczã.k% czã Hkofr
nzohfØ;rs & vnzoL; nzo% fØ;rs
([k) fuEufyf[kr 'kCn;qXeksa osQ Hksn ns[kus ;ksX; gSa&
lÄïYi% & lRlÄïYi%
vkpkj% & lnkpkj%
tu% & lTtu%
lÄõfr% & lRlÄõfr%
efr% & lUefr%
84 'kseq"kh
(x) vk"kZopu & ½f"k osQ }kjk dgk x;k opu ^vk"kZopu* dgykrk gSA
(?k) i×prÙo & i`Foh] ty] vfXu] ok;q vkSj vkdk'kA bu ik¡p rÙoksa ls gh ;g 'kjhj
curk gSA
lekukUrj 'yksd o lwfDr;k¡
i;kZoj.k ls lEcfU/r fuEu mfDr;k¡ ,oa 'yksd i<+us ;ksX; rFkk ;kn djus ;ksX; gSa&
z gekjh laLÑfr esa o`{k oUnuh; gSa blfy, o`{kksa dks dkVuk] m[kkM+uk oftZr gSA
n'kowQilek okih n'kokihleks ßn%A
n'kßnle% iq=kks n'kiq=kleks nzqe%AA (eRL;iqjk.ke~)
z rqylh dk ikS/k Hkkjrh; laLd`fr dk ,d egRo iw.kZ vÄõ gSA u osQoy èkkfeZd vfirq
fpfdRlk dh n`f"V ls Hkh ;g j{kk djus ;ksX; gSA blhfy, ?kj osQ vk¡xu esa blosQ jksi.k
dk egÙo gSA iqjk.k vkSj oS|d xzUFkksa osQ vuqlkj rqylh dk ikSèkk ok;qiznw"k.k dks nwj
djrk gSA dgk x;k gS&
^rqylh* dkuus pSo x`gs ;L;kofr"BrsA
rn~x`ga rhFkZfeR;kgq% uk;kfUr ;efdÄïjk%AA
rqylhxU/eknk; ;=k xPNfr ek#r%A
fn'kks n'k iqukR;k'kq Hkwrxzkeka'prqfoZ/ku~AA (i|ksÙkj[k.Me~)
z rqylh dk jl rhozToj dks u"V djrk gSA dgk x;k gS&
ihrks ejhfppw.ksZu rqylhi=ktks jl%A
nzks.kiq"ijlksI;soa fugfUr fo"kea Toje~AA ('kkÄ~xZ/j)
z o`{kkjksi.k dk egÙo&
rkj;sn~ o`{kjksih rq rLekn~ o`{kku~ izjksi;sr~A
rL; iq=kk HkoUR;so iknik uk=k 'kal;%AA
}kn'k% ikB%
okÄ~eu%izk.kLo:ie~
izLrqr ikB NkUnksX;ksifu"kn~ osQ NBs vè;k; osQ i×pe [k.M ij vkèkkfjr gSA blesa eu] izk.k
rFkk oko~Q (ok.kh) osQ lanHkZ esa jkspd fooj.k izLrqr fd;k x;k gSA mifu"kn~ osQ xw<+ izlax dks
cksèkxE; cukus osQ mís'; ls bls vk#f.k ,oa 'osrosQrq osQ laokn:i esa izLrqr fd;k x;k gSA
vk"kZ&ijaijk esa Kku&izkfIr osQ rhu mik; crk, x, gSa ftuesa ifjiz'u Hkh ,d gSA ;gk¡
xq#lsokijk;.k f'k"; ok.kh] eu rFkk izk.k osQ fo"k; esa iz'u iwNrk gS vkSj vkpk;Z mu iz'uksa
osQ mÙkj nsrs gSaA
'osrosQrq% & Hkxou~! 'osrosQrqjga

oUnsA
vk#f.k% & oRl! fpj×thoA
'osrosQrq% & Hkxou~!
fdf×pRiz"VqfePNkfeA
vk#f.k% & oRl! fde| Ro;k
iz"VO;efLr\
'osrosQrq% & Hkxou~! iz"VqfePNkfe
fdfena eu%\
vk#f.k% & oRl! vf'krL;kUuL;
;ks¿f.k"B% rUeu%A
'osrosQrq% & d'p izk.k%\
vk#f.k% & ihrkuke~ vika
;ks¿f.k"B% l izk.k%A
'osrosQrq% & Hkxou~! osQ;a oko~Q\
86 'kseq"kh
vk#f.k% & oRl! vf'krL; rstlk ;ks¿f.k"B% lk okd~A lkSE;! eu% vUue;a] izk.k%
vkikse;% oko~Q p rstkse;h Hkofr bR;I;o/k;Ze~A
'osrosQrq% & Hkxou~! Hkw; ,o eka foKki;rqA
vk#f.k% & lkSE;! lko/kua Ük`.kqA eF;ekuL; nèu% ;ks¿f.kek] l mQèoZ% leqnh"kfrA
rRlfiZ% HkofrA
'osrosQrq% & Hkxou~! O;k[;kra Hkork ?k`rksRifÙkjgL;e~A Hkw;ks¿fi JksrqfePNkfeA
vk#f.k% & ,oeso lkSE;! v';ekuL; vUuL; ;ks¿f.kek] l mQèoZ% leqnh"kfrA
rUeuks HkofrA voxra u ok\
'osrosQrq% & lE;xoxra Hkxou~!
vk#f.k% & oRl! ih;ekukuke~ vika ;ks¿f.kek l mQèoZ% leqnh"kfr l ,o izk.kks
HkofrA
'osrosQrq% & Hkxou~! okpefi foKki;rqA
vk#f.k% & lkSE;! v';ekuL; rstlks ;kss¿f.kek] l mQèoZ% leqnh"kfrA lk [kyq
okXHkofrA oRl! mins'kkUrs Hkw;ks¿fi Roka foKkif;rqfePNkfe ;nUue;a
Hkofr eu%] vkikse;ks Hkofr izk.kkLrstkse;h p Hkofr okfxfrA fd×p
;kn`'keUukfnda x`Êkfr ekuoLrkn`'keso rL; fpÙkkfnda Hkorhfr enqins'klkj%A
oRl! ,rRlo± ân;su vo/kj;A
'osrosQrq% & ;nkKki;fr Hkxou~A ,"k iz.kekfeA
vk#f.k% & oRl! fpj×thoA rstfLo ukS v/hre~ vLrqA
'kCnkFkkZ%
iz"Vqe~ iz'ua drqZe~ iz'u djus@iwNus osQ fy,
iz"VO;e~ iz"Vqa ;ksX;e~ iwNus ;ksX;
vf'krL; Hkf{krL; [kk;s gq, dk
vf.k"B% yf?k"B%] y?kqre% vR;Ur y?kq vFkok lokZf/d y?kq
vUue;e~ vUufodkjHkwre~ vUu ls fufeZr
okÄ~eu%izk.kLo:ie~ 87
vkikse;% tye;% ty esa ifj.kr

rstkse;% vfXue;% vfXu dk ifj.kkeHkwr
vo/k;Ze~ voxUrO;e~ le>us ;ksX;
foKki;rq izcks/;r le>kb;s
Hkw;ks¿fi iqujfi ,d ckj vkSj
leqnh"kfr leqfÙk"Bfr] leq|kfr] mQij mBrk gS
leqPNyfr
lfiZ% ?k`re~] vkT;e~ ?kh
v';ekuL; Hk{;ek.kL;] fuxh;Zek.kL; [kk;s tkrs gq, dk
mins'kkUrs izopukUrs O;k[;ku osQ vUr esa
rstfLo rstks;qDre~ rstfLork ls ;qDr
ukS v/hre~ vko;ks%ifBre~ ge nksuksa }kjk i<k gqvk
vH;kl%
1- vèkksfyf[krkuka iz'ukukeqÙkjkf.k laLÑrHkk"k;k fy[kr&
(d) 'osrosQrq% loZizFkee~ vk#f.ka dL; Lo:iL; fo"k;s i`PNfr\
([k) vk#f.k% izk.kLo:ia dFka fu:i;fr\
(x) ekuokuka psrkafl dhn`'kkfu HkofUr\
(?k) lfiZ% ¯d Hkofr\
(Ä) vk#.ks% erkuqlkja eu% dhn`'kaa Hkofr\
2- (d) ^v* LrEHkL; inkfu ^c* LrEHksu nRrS% inS% lg ;Fkk;ksX;a ;kst;r&
v c
eu% vUue;e~
izk.k% rstkse;h
oko~Q vkikse;%
([k) v/ksfyf[krkuka inkuka foykseina ikBkr~ fpRok fy[kr&
(i) xfj"B% ----------------------------
(ii) v/% ----------------------------
(iii) ,dokje~ ----------------------------
88 'kseq"kh
(iv) vuo/hre~ ----------------------------
(v) fdf×pr~ ----------------------------
3- mnkgj.keuql`R; fuEufyf[krs"kq fØ;kinss"kq ^rqequ~* izR;;a ;kstf;Rok infuekZ.ka oqQ#r&

;Fkk& izPN~ $ rqequ~ ¾ iz"Vqe~
(d) Ükzq $ rqequ~ ¾ -----------------------------
([k) oUn~ $ rqequ~ ¾ -----------------------------
(x) iB~ $ rqequ~ ¾ -----------------------------
(?k) Ñ $ rqequ~ ¾ -----------------------------
(Ä) fo $ Kk $ rqequ~ ¾ -----------------------------
(p) fo $ vk $ [;k $ rqequ~ ¾ -----------------------------
4- funsZ'kkuqlkja fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;r&
(d) vga fdf×pr~ iz"Vqe~ -----------------A (bPN~ & yV~ydkjs)
([k) eu% vUue;a -----------------------A (Hkw & yV~ydkjs)
(x) lko/kua -----------------A (Jq & yksV~ydkjs)
(?k) rstfLouko/hre~ -----------------A (vl~ & yksV~ydkjs)
(Ä) 'osrosQrq% vk#.ks% f'k";% -----------------A (vl~ & yÄ~ydkjs)
5- mnkgj.keuql`R; okD;kfu jp;r&
;Fkk& vga Lons'ka lsforqe~ bPNkfeA
(d) ----------------------------------------- mifn'kkfeA
([k) ----------------------------------------- iz.kekfeA
(x) ----------------------------------------- vkKki;kfeA
(?k) ----------------------------------------- i`PNkfeA
(Ä) ----------------------------------------- voxPNkfeA
6- (d) lfU/a oqQ#r&
(i) vf'krL; $ vÂL; ¾ ---------------------------
(ii) bfr $ vfi $ vo/k;Ze~ ¾ ---------------------------
(iii) dk $ b;e~ ¾ ---------------------------
(iv) ukS $ v/hre~ ¾ ---------------------------
(v) Hkofr $ bfr ¾ ---------------------------
okÄ~eu%izk.kLo:ie~ 89
([k) LFkwyinkU;f/ÑR; iz'ufuekZ.ka dq#r&

(i) eF;ekuL; nèu% vf.kek mQ?o± leqnh"kfrA
(ii) Hkork ?k`rksRifÙkjgL;a O;k[;kre~A
(iii) vk#f.ke~~ mixE; 'osrosQrq% vfHkokn;frA
(iv) 'osrosQrq% okfXo"k;s i`PNfrA
7- ikBL; lkjka'ka i×pokD;S% fy[krA
;ksX;rkfoLrkj%
xzUFk ifjp;& NkUnksX;ksifu"kn~ mifu"kRlkfgR; dk izkphu ,oa izfl¼ xzUFk gSA ;g lkeosn osQ
mifu"kn~ czkã.k dk eq[; Hkkx gSA bldh o.kZu i¼fr vR;f/d oSKkfud vkSj ;qfDrlaxr gSA
blesa vkReKku osQ lkFk&lkFk mi;ksxh dk;ks± vkSj miklukvksa dk lE;o~Q o.kZu gqvk gSA
NkUnksX;ksifu"kn~ vkB vè;k;ksa esa foHkDr gSA blosQ NBs vè;k; esa ^rÙoefl* dk foLrkj ls
foospu izkIr gksrk gSA
HkkofoLrkj%
vk#f.k vius iq=k 'osrosQrq dks mins'k nsrs gSa fd [kk;k gqvk vUu rhu izdkj dk gksrk gSA mldk
fLFkjre Hkkx ey gksrk gS] eè;e ekal gksrk gS] vkSj lcls y?kqre eu gksrk gSA fi;k gqvk ty
Hkh rhu izdkj dk gksrk gS& mldk LFkfo"B Hkkx ew=k gksrk gS] eè;Hkkx yksfgr (jDr) gksrk gS
vkSj vf.k"B Hkkx izk.k gksrk gSA Hkkstu ls izkIr rst Hkh rhu rjg dk gksrk gS & mldk LFkfo"B
Hkkx vfLFk gksrk gS] eè;e Hkkx eTtk (pchZ) gksrh gS vkSj tks y?kqre Hkkx gS og ok.kh gksrh gSA
tks [kk;k tkrk gS og vUu gSA vUu gh fuf'pr :i ls eu gSA U;k; vkSj lR; ls vftZr
fd;k gqvk vUu lkfRod gksrk gSA mls [kkus ls eu Hkh lkfRod gksrk gSA nwf"kr Hkkouk vkSj vU;k;
ls vftZr vUu rkel gksrk gSA dF; dk lkjka'k ;g gS fd lkfRod Hkkstu ls eu lkfRod gksrk
gSA jktlh Hkkstu ls eu jktl gksrk gS vkSj rkel Hkkstu ls eu dh izof` Ùk Hkh rkelh gks tkrh gSA
bl lalkj esa ty gh thou gS] vkSj izk.k tye; gksrk gSA rSy (rsy)] ?k`r vkfn osQ Hk{k.k
ls ok.kh fo'kn gksrh gS vkSj Hkk"k.kkfn dk;ks± esa lkeF;Z dh o`f¼ djrh gSA blfy, ok.kh dks
rstkse;h dgk tkrk gSA
NkUnksX;ksifu"kn~ osQ vuqlkj eu vUue; gS] izk.k tye; gS vkSj ok.kh rstkse;h gSA
90 'kseq"kh
Hkkf"kdfoLrkj%
1- e;V~ izR;; izkpq;Z osQ vFkZ esa iz;qDr gksrk gSA
;Fkk& iqafYyÄõ L=khfyÄõ
'kkfUr $ e;V~ 'kkfUre;% 'kkfUre;h
vkuUn $ e;V~ vkuUne;% vkuUne;h
lq[k $ e;V~ lq[ke;% lq[ke;h
rst% $ e;V~ rstkse;% rstkse;h
2- e;V~ izR;; dk iz;ksx fodkj vFkZ esa Hkh fd;k tkrk gSA
;Fkk& iqafYyÄõ L=khfyÄõ
e`r~ $ e;V~ e`.e;% e`.e;h
Lo.kZ $ e;V~ Lo.kZe;% Lo.kZe;h
ykSg $ e;V~ ykSge;% ykSge;h
3- ty dks thou dgk x;k gSA ^^tho;fr yksdku~ tye~** ;g i×pHkwrksa osQ vUrxZr
Hkwrfo'ks"k gSA blosQ i;kZ;okph 'kCn gSa&
okfj] ikuh;e~] mnde~] mne~] lfyye~] rks;e~] uhje~] vEcq] vEHkl~] i;l~ vkfnA
ty dh mi;ksfxrk osQ fo"k; esa fuEufyf[kr 'yksd nz"VO; gS&
ikuh;a izkf.kuka izk.kLrnk;Roaa fg thoue~A
rks;kHkkos fiiklkrZ% {k.kkr~ izk.kS% foeqqP;rsAA
4- eul~ (uiqald fyÄ)õ 'kCn dk :i
iz- eu% eulh eukafl
f} ** ** **
r`- eulk euksH;ke~ euksfHk%
p- euls ** euksH;%
ia- eul% ** **
"k- ** eulks% eulke~
l- eufl ** euLlq
lEcks/u gs eu%! gs eulh! gs eukafl!
z vEHkl~] i;l~] ;'kl~] rstl~] uHkl~] vkfn 'kCnksa osQ :i Hkh eul~ dh rjg gksrs gSaA
vè;srO;% xzUFk%&
mifu"knksa dh dgkfu;k¡& MkW- Hkxoku¯lg] us'kuy cqd VªLV] ubZ fnYyhA
eÄy
õ e~
;L;ka leqnz mr flU/qjkiks ;L;keUua Ñ"V;% la cHkwoq%A
;L;kfEkna ftUofr izk.knstr~ lk uks Hkwfe% iwoZis;s n/krq AA1AA
;L;k'prÏ% izfn'k% i`fFkO;k ;L;keUua Ñ"V;% la cHkwoq%A
;k fcHkfrZ cgq/k izk.knstr~ lk uks Hkwfexks"Z oI;Uus n/krq AA2AA
tua fcHkzrh cgq/k fookpla ukuk/ekZ.ka i`fFkoh ;FkkSdle~A
lgÏaa /kjk nzfo.kL; es nqgka /zoq os /sujq uiLiqQjUrh AA3AA
1- ftl (Hkwfe) esa egklkxj] ufn;k¡ vkSj tyk'k; (>hy] ljksoj vkfn) fo|eku gSa] ftlesa
vusd izdkj osQ HkksT; inkFkZ mitrs gSa rFkk Ñf"k] O;kikj vkfn djus okys yksx lkekftd
laxBu cuk dj jgrs gSa (Ñ"V;% la cHkwoq%)] ftl (Hkwfe) esa ;s lk¡l ysrs (izk.kr~) izk.kh
pyrs&fiQjrs gSa_ og ekr`Hkwfe gesa izFke HkksT; inkFkZ ([kk|&is;) iznku djs AA1AA
2- ftl Hkwfe esa pkj fn'kk,¡ rFkk mifn'kk,¡ vusd izdkj osQ HkksT; inkFkZ (iQy] 'kkd vkfn)
mitkrh gSa_ tgk¡ Ñf"k&dk;Z djus okys lkekftd laxBu cukdj jgrs gSa (Ñ"V;% la
cHkwoq%)_ tks (Hkwfe) vusd izdkj osQ izkf.k;ksa (lk¡l ysus okyksa rFkk pyus&fiQjus okys
thoksa) dks /kj.k djrh gS] og ekr`Hkwfe gesa xkS&vkfn ykHkizn i'kqvksa rFkk [kk| inkFkks± osQ
fo"k; esa lEiUu cuk ns AA2AA
3- vusd izdkj ls fofHkUu Hkk"kkvksa dks cksyus okys rFkk vusd èkeks± dks ekuus okys tu&leqnk;
dks] ,d gh ?kj esa jgus okys yksxksa osQ leku] /kj.k djus okyh rFkk dHkh u"V u gksus
nsus okyh (vuiLiqQjUrh) fLFkj&tSlh ;g i`Foh gekjs fy, /u dh lgÏksa /kjkvksa dk mlh
izdkj nksgu djs tSls dksbZ xk; fcuk fdlh ck/k osQ nw/ nsrh gks AA3AA

NCERT Book - Sanskrit - Class IX

Încărcat de

Informații document

Titlu original

Drepturi de autor

Formate disponibile

Partajați acest document

Partajați sau inserați document

Opțiuni de partajare

Vi se pare util acest document?

Este necorespunzător acest conținut?

Drepturi de autor:

Formate disponibile

NCERT Book - Sanskrit - Class IX

Încărcat de

Drepturi de autor:

Formate disponibile

fo"k;kuqØef.

6- HkzkUrks cky% 38&44

10- tVk;ks% 'kkS;Ze~ 71&77

11- i;kZoj.ke~ 78&84

12- okÄ~eu%izk.kLo:ie~ 85&90

uSrkn`'k% Lo.kZi{kks jtrp×pq% Lo.kZdkdLr;k iwo± n`"V%A ra r.Mqyku~ [kknUra

U;olr~ volr~ jgrk Fkk@jgrh Fkh

6- v/ksfyf[krkfu dFkukfu d%@dk] da@dka p dFk;fr&

7- mnkgj.keuql`R; dks"Bdxrs"kq ins"kq i×pehfoHkDrs% iz;ksxa ÑRok fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;r&

uiqald fyÄõ esa

foeyk & l rq eka usreq kxr% Jko.ks foxrsA HkorhfHkjso ---

'oJw% & u;r ,uka egkule~ b;a r=kSo ToyrqA

{k.ks {k.ks izo/Zrs /uk; fgaÏrk [kyS&

(iii) ikd'kkyke~ & ----------------------------

4- mnkgj.keuql`R; izÑfrizR;;la;ksxa oqQ#r&

2- v/ksfyf[krokD;s"kq LFkwyinkfu dLeS iz;qDrkfu\

o`Ùka ;Rusu laj{ksn~ foÙkesfr p ;kfr pA

xq.ks"oso fg drZO;% iz;Ru% iq#"kS% lnkA

1- v/ksfyf[kriz'ukuke~ mÙkjkf.k laLÑrHkk"k;k fy[kr&

HkzkUr% d'pu cky% ikB'kkykxeuosyk;ka ØhfMrqa futZxkeA fdUrq rsu lg osQfyfHk%

lacksèk;kekl – js ekuq"kk.kka fe=k! ¯d i;ZVfl vfLeu~ funk?kfnols\ vkJ;Losna izPNk;'khrya

loSZ jos a fuf"k¼% l ckyks fof?ureuksjFk% lu~&^dFkefLeu~ txfr izR;sda Lo&LoÑR;s

HkzkUr% Hkze;qDr% Hkzfer

voyksd;r~ vi';r~ ns[kk

([k) dks"Bdxrs"kq ins"kq lIrehfoHkDrs% iz;ksxa ÑRok fjDrLFkkuiwfr± oqQ#r&

HkV% & t;rq egkjkt%A

c`gUuyk & br br% oqQekj%A ,"k egkjkt%A miliZrq oqQekj%A

(x) foHkkfr $ ---------------- ¾ fcHkkR;qekos"ke~

5- v/ksfyf[krkfu LFkwykfu loZukeinkfu dLeS iz;qDrkfu&

vklhr~ dfLaef'pn~ vf/"Bkus th.kZ/uks uke of.kDiq=k%A l p foHko{k;kís'kkUrja xUrqfePNu~

l vkg&^^¯d djksfe\ i';rks es unhrVkPN~;us us viâr% f'k'kq%**A bfrA

leiZ; nsfg nks

(rr% izfo'kfr riL;kjr% riksnÙk%)

iq#"k% & HkksLrifLou~! dFka ekeqi#.kfRlA iz;Rusu ¯d u fl¼a Hkofr\ dko';drk

(x) ;Fkk& v{kjKkua fouSo oSnq";a izkIrqefHky"kflA (^fouk* ;ksxs f}rh;k)

fuukn; uohuke;s okf.k! oh.kke~

yrkuka furkUra lqea 'kkfUr'khye~

4- izFke'yksdL; vk'k;a fgUnhHkk"k;k vkÄ~XyHkk"k;k ok fy[kr&

ia- tkudhoYyHk 'kkL=kh

lk rnk d#.kk okpks foyiUrh lqn%q f[krkA

rrks¿L; l'kja pkia eqDrkef.kfoHkwf"kre~A

laifj"oT; oSnsgha okesukÄuïs jko.k%A

lfjrks fxfjfu>Zjk'p ve`rLoknq fueZya tya iz;PNfUrA o`{kk yrk'p iQykfu

ijUrq LokFkkZU/ks ekuoLrnso i;kZoj.ke| uk'k;frA LoYiykHkk; tuk cgqeYw ;kfu

1- vèkksfyf[krkuka iz'ukukeqÙkjkf.k laLd`rHkk"k;k fy[kr&

2- LFkwyinkU;f/ÑR; iz'ufuekZ.ka oqQ#r&

([k) mnkgj.keuql`R; v/ksfyf[krkuka leLrinkukaa foxzga fy[kr&

'osrosQrq% & Hkxou~! 'osrosQrqjga

vkikse;% tye;% ty esa ifj.kr

3- mnkgj.keuql`R; fuEufyf[krs"kq fØ;kinss"kq ^rqequ~* izR;;a ;kstf;Rok infuekZ.ka oqQ#r&

([k) LFkwyinkU;f/ÑR; iz'ufuekZ.ka dq#r&

S-ar putea să vă placă și