SELF RECHARGEABLE PAPER THINFILM BATTERIES: PERFORMANCE AND APPLICATIONS

Presented By:Dipika Ghosh Guided By:Aswini N.

1MJ09EC079
ECE department MVJ College of Engineering

Assistant Professor
ECE department MVJ College of Engineering

CONTENTS
1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8)

INTRODUCTION. EXPERIMENT. EXPERIMENTAL RESULT. DISCUSSION. ADVANTAGES. APPLICATION. CONCLUSION. REFERENCES.

INTRODUCTION
WHAT IS

PAPER BATTERIES..??????

WHY PAPER

BATTERIES???????

INTRODUCTION (Contd.)
DEVELOPMENT OF PAPER BATTERIES.

Created in 2007 by a group of students at the Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute in Troy, New York.

That paper battery is the result of paper infused with carbon nanotubes, which allow the paper to conduct electricity.

INTRODUCTION (Contd.)

In this, a self-sustained paper electronics systems where the power supply is integrated in it. Fabrication of batteries using commercial paper acts as electrolyte and physical support of thin film electrodes. The simplest structure which is considered here is Al/paper/Cu paper battery.

ALLUMINIUM + COPPER

PAPER BATTERY
ANODE (Al) PAPER CATHODE(Cu)

EXPERIMENT

The paper batteries produced have Al/paper/Cu structure, where the metal layers were produced by thermal evaporation at RT.
The thickness of the metal electrodes varied between 100 and 500 nm. The electrical characteristics of the batteries were obtained through I-V curve and also by sweep voltammetry.

The electrical performances of the batteries were determined by monitoring the current of the battery under variable RH conditions.

EXPERIMENTAL RESULT

The Al/paper/Cu thin batteries studied involved the use of three different classes of paper:
a) white paper. b) recycled paper. c) tracing paper.

The tracing paper is made of long pine fibers and it contains mainly Al2O3(24%), SiO2(37%), SO3(15%), CaO(9%) and Na2o(4%).

EXPERIMENTAL RESULT (Contd.)

EXPERIMENTAL RESULT (Contd.)

From the table we can say that, 1) JSC for White Paper is ~40%-50% lower than Trace Paper and Recycled paper is one order of magnitude lower than white paper. 2) VOC is reduced by merely a ~0.1V when moving from White Paper to Recycled Paper only for t1 while it increases for t2 and t3.

Thickness of the metal layer does not play a remarkable role on electrical characteristics of the batteries.

The difference in current densities observed can be due to the ions recombination due to the presence of impurities inside the mesh like paper structure.

DISCUSSION

Fig. (a) photograph of the paper batteries (b) SEM image of the paper surface (c) SEM image of the anode (Al) surface

Surface morphology of tracing paper

DISCUSSION (Contd.)

The Paper Battery used here is, non-encapsulated and therefore its electrical performance is influenced by the atmospheric constituents. This behaviour was confirmed by measuring the current of one cell in vacuum and under atmospheric pressure.
The results demonstrated, a reduction in JSC value after vacuum reaching 10 Pa.

DISCUSSION (Contd.)

DISCUSSION (Contd.)

Concludes:- Secondary Battery + fuel cell where fuel cell water vapour an so it requires RH>40%.

Each element is able to supply a range of power, depending on RH. Desired output voltage and power can be achieved by placing the elements in series and parallel.

DISCUSSION (Contd.)

ADVANTAGES

This batterys prime advantage is that it is cheap, thin, recyclable and flexible. The batteries are rechargeable, Eco-friendly and Biodegradable. These have reduced cost and weight, which in itself may give birth to new applications.

Thin-film cells can be stored for decades.

APPLICATIONS

Used in portable electronics, aircraft, automobiles and toys (such as model aircraft).
Used in handheld digital cameras, mobile phones, laptops, etc.

Used in medical devices such as pacemakers, sugar meter. Used in cosmetics purposes, drug delivering system.

CONCLUSION

Here we show the functionality of a non-encapsulated thin battery using paper as a physical support.

This Al/paper/Cu battery can produce an output voltage of 0.70V and current density more than 100 nA/cm2 at RH 60%.
The battery is self rechargeable when exposed to relative humidity above 40%, being current density is highly influenced by RH>60%. This constitutes the first step towards integrated self-sustained flexible, cheap and disposable electronics device.

REFERENCES
1)

E. Fortunato, N. Correia, P. Barquinha, L. Pereira, G. Goncalves, and R. Martins, Highperformance flexible Hybrid field-effect transistors based on cellulose fiber Paper, IEEE Electron Device Lett., vol. 29, no.9, pp. 988990, Sep. 2008. E. Fortunato, A. Goncalves, A. Pimentel, P. Barquinha, G. Goncalves, L. Pereira, I. Ferreira, and R. Martins, Zinc oxide, a multifunctional material: From material to device applications, Appl. Phys.Materials Science & Processing, vol. 96, pp. 197206, Jul. 2009. R. Martins, P. Barquinha, L. Pereira, N. Correia, G. Gonalves, I. Ferreira, and E. Fortunato, Write-erase and read paper memory transistor, Appl. Phys. Lett., vol. 93, p. 203501, Nov. 2008. P. Andersson, D. Nilsson, P.-O. Svensson, M. Chen, A. Malmstrom, T. Remonen, T. Kugler, and M. Berggren, Active matrix displays based on all-organic electrochemical smart pixels printed on paper, Adv. Mater., vol. 14, no. 20, pp. 14601464, Oct. 2002. J. Sun, Q.Wan, A. Lu, and J. Jiang, Low-voltage electric-double-layer paper transistors gated by microporous SiO processed at room temperature Appl. Phys. Lett., vol. 95, pp. 222108-1 222108-3, Nov. 2009. V. L. Pushparaj, M. M. Shaijumon, A. Kumar, S. Murugesan, L. Ci, R. Vajtai, R. J. Linhardt, O. Nalamasu, and P. M. Ajayan, Flexible energy storage devices based on nanocomposite paper, PNAS, vol. 104, no. 4, pp. 1357413577, Aug. 2007. K. B. Lee, Two-step activation of paper batteries for high power Generation: Design and fabrication of biofluid- andwater-activated paper batteries, J. Micromech. Microeng., vol. 16, pp. 23122317, Sept. 2006. B. Bras, Produo e Caracterizao de Bateriais de Filme Fino em Substrato de Papel, M.Sc. Thesis, FCT-UNL, Lisbon, Portugal, Oct. 2009, ed. FCT-UNL.

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QUESTIONS.???????