PENGADUKAN DAN MIXING FLUIDA AGITATION AND MIXING OF FLUIDS

PERAN MIXING FLUIDA DALAM PROSES INDUSTRI

RECYCLE OF UNREACTED MATERIAL
BY PRODUCTS WASTES RAW MATERIAL STORAGE STAGE 1
RAW /INTERMEDIATE KAPASITAS : HOURS/DAYS/WEEKS STORAGE TGT SIFAT R.M., CARA DELIVERY, KONTINYUITAS PASOKAN

FEED
PREPARATION

REACTION

PRODUCT SEPARATION

PRODUCT PURIFICATION

STAGE 2

STAGE 3

STAGE 4

STAGE 5

PERLU PURIFIKASI LIQUID PERLU DIUAPKAN BILA REAKSI FASA GAS SOLID PERLU DIHALUSKAN BILA REAKSI FASA PADAT

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PEMISAHAN PRODUCTS, BY PRODUCTS & UNREACTED MATERIAL PEMISAHAN PRODUCTS, BY PRODUCTS & UNREACTED MATERIAL

PRODUCT STORAGE STAGE 6

SALES

POKOK BAHASAN
PERSPEKTIF AGITATING & MIXING (FLUIDS) GEOMETRI STANDAR AGITATED TANK KARAKTERISTIK IMPELLER KARAKTERISTIK ALIRAN SCALE UP/SCALE DOWN

PERSPEKTIF MIXING
What is agitation ? Generally refers to forcing a
fluid by mechanical means to flow in a circulatory or other pattern inside a vessel.

What is mixing? We define mixing as the reduction

of inhomogeneity in order to achieve a desired process result. The inhomogeneity can be one of concentration, phase, or temperature. Secondary effects, such as mass transfer, reaction, and product properties are usually the critical objectives.
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PERSPEKTIF MIXING
What constitutes a mixing problem? Process
objectives are critical to the successful manufacturing of a product. If the mixing scale-up fails to produce the required product yield, quality, or physical attributes, the costs of manufacturing may be increased significantly, and perhaps more important, marketing of the product may be delayed or even canceled in view of the cost and time required to correct the mixing problem.
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PERSPEKTIF MIXING
How much mixing is enough, and when could overmixing be damaging to yield or quality?
These critical issues depend on the process and the sensitivity of selectivity, physical attributes, separations, and/or product stability to mixing intensity and time. The nonideality of residence time distribution effects combined with local mixing issues can have a profound effect on continuous processes.

SCOPE OF MIXING OPERATIONS

Mixing plays a key role in a wide range of industries: Fine chemicals & pharmaceuticals Agrichemicals & petrochemicals Biotechnology Polymer processing Paints and automotive finishes Cosmetics and consumer products Food Drinking water and wastewater treatment Pulp and paper Mineral processing
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PURPOSE FOR AGITATING FLUID

Blending of two miscible/immiscible liquids Dissolving solids in liquids Dispersing a gas in a liquid as fine bubbles Suspending of fine solid particles in a liquid Agitation of the fluid to increase heat transfer

EQUIPMENT for AGITATING FLUIDS

Conventional stirred tank with top-entering agitator

EQUIPMENT for AGITATING FLUIDS

Gearbox Motor

Shaft
Wall Baffles

Impeller

Conventional stirred tank with top-entering agitator

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EQUIPMENT for AGITATING FLUIDS

Shaft

Motor

Gearbox

Conventional stirred tank with bottom-entering agitator

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EQUIPMENT for AGITATING FLUIDS

Side-entering agitator for large tank

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EQUIPMENT for AGITATING FLUIDS

Angular top-entering mixer for small tanks with portable mixers

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IMPELLER
Desain impeller sangat berpengaruh thd karakteristik pengadukan & energi yg dibutuhkan Tipe impeller tergantung pd sifat fluida :
Fluida viscous or non-viscous Fluida newtonian/non-newtonian Single or multiphase

Tipe impeller berdasarkan aliran fluida yang dihasilkan :

Impeller aliran turbulen Impeller aliran laminer
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IMPELLER
Impeller aliran turbulen (N>>):
Diameter impeller < diameter tangki for transport momentum Radial impeller : disc turbine, fan turbine, paddle Axial impeller : propeller, inclined fan turbine, hydrofoil Tangki dengan baffle

Impeller aliran laminer (N<<):

Diameter impeller diameter tangkinot transport momentum Tipe impeller : helical ribbon, anchor, screw Tangki tanpa baffle
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RADIAL IMPELLER

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RADIAL IMPELLER

Disk turbine or Rushton turbine

Curved blade open turbine 17

AXIAL IMPELLER

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AXIAL IMPELLER

Propeller

Pitched blade fan turbine

Inclined fan turbine

Hydrofoil 19

IMPELLER ALIRAN LAMINER

Helical ribbon

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IMPELLER ALIRAN LAMINER

Anchor 21

FLOW PATTERN AXIAL IMPELLER

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FLOW PATTERN AXIAL IMPELLER

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FLOW PATTERN RADIAL IMPELLER

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FLOW PATTERN RADIAL IMPELLER

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SIMULASI FLOW PATTERN RADIAL IMPELLER

2.50e+00

2.29e+00

2.08e+00

1.87e+00

1.66e+00

1.46e+00

1.25e+00

1.04e+00

8.35e-01

6.27e-01

4.19e-01

Y Z X

2.12e-01

4.17e-03

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TRAILING VORTEX

Visualisasi

Simulasi 27

CENTER VORTEX

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TYPICAL STANDARD DESIGN TURBINE

Da 0,2 0,5 Dt D 0,7 a 1,0 Dt
W 1 Da 5 L 1 Da 4
Turbulen Laminer

Dd 2 Da 3 J 1 Dt 12

H 1 Dt

C 1 Dt 3
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DESIGN VARIABLES
Design variables : power, torsi dan impeller tip velocity Faktor2 yang berpengaruh : geometri & ukuran, sifat2 fluida (viscosity , density , surface tension , thermal conductivity k, heat capacity Cp), impeller rotational speed N untuk kalkulasi power P , torsi Tq dan impeller tip velocity Utip Power adalah biaya terbesar dalam operasi tangki berpengaduk : dalam turbulent mixing P N3Da5 ; dalam laminer mixing P N2Da3
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DESIGN VARIABLES
Torsi (Tq= P/2N) Torsi menentukan desain shaft impeller dan gear drive Impeller tip velocity : Utip=ND

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DIMENSIONLESS NUMBERS IN AGITATION

Power Reynolds Pumping Blending
NP P 5 N 3 Da
2

Mempunyai korelasi dengan NRe pd baffled system dan konstan bila NRe>104 Rasio inertial force/visous force; aliran laminer bila NRe10, aliran turbulen bila NRe104 Berhubungan dengan pumping capacities Berhubungan dengan homogenitas mixing atau blending
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NDa N Re Q NQ 3 NDa

N b N
N 2 Da NWe

Weber

Berhubungan dengan karakteristik permukaan liquid untuk sistem dua fasa

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DIMENSIONLESS NUMBERS IN AGITATION

Froude Nusselt Prandtl Schmidt Sherwood
N Fr N 2 Da g
Mempunyai korelasi dengan NRe dan NP pd unbaffled system dan bila ada partikel padat Berhubungan dengan heat transfer dalam tangki berpengaduk

hT N Nu k C p N Pr k N Sc DL k LT N Sh DL

Berhubungan dengan fluid properties untuk korelasi heat transfer

Berhubungan dengan luid properties untuk korelasi mass transfer Berhubungan dengan mass transfer antara solute dan solvent dalam pengadukan

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POWER CONSUMPTIONS
Faktor penting desain agitated tank adl konsumsi daya utk menggerakkan fluida Konsumsi daya P tdk dapat diprediksi secara teoritis diprediksi secara empiris P adalah fungsi kecepatan impeller (Bilangan Reynolds impeller=NRe) Kecep Impeller menentukan jenis aliran dalam tangki : NRe < 10 laminer seluruh tanki NRe > 104 turbulen seluruh tanki 10 < NRe < 104 turbulen sekitar impeller
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POWER CORRELATIONS

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OWARI DESU

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