Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
Germanischer Lloyd SE
Contents
0. Introduction
0.1.
What is new?.............................................................................................................................9 0.1.1. What is new in Version 12,0,6 ....................................................................................9 0.1.2. What is new in Version 12,0,5 ....................................................................................9 0.1.3. What is new in Version 12,0,4 ....................................................................................9 0.1.4. What is new in Version 12,0,3 ....................................................................................9 0.1.5. What is new in Version 12,0,2 ....................................................................................9 0.1.6. What is new in Version 12,0,1 ..................................................................................10 0.1.7. What is new in Version 12,0,0 ..................................................................................10 License Registration ..............................................................................................................11 How to use POSEIDON ..........................................................................................................11 0.3.1. Help Function.............................................................................................................11 0.3.2. Tree views ..................................................................................................................11 0.3.3. The Info View .............................................................................................................12 0.3.4. General Commands...................................................................................................12 0.3.4.1. The File menu ............................................................................................12 0.3.4.2. The Edit menu: ..........................................................................................13 0.3.4.3. The View menu:.........................................................................................13 0.3.4.4. The Tools menu: .......................................................................................14 0.3.4.5. The Help menu: .........................................................................................16 0.3.4.6. The Geo 3D toolbar:.................................................................................16 0.3.4.7. The GL3DViewer toolbar: .........................................................................17 0.3.5. How to use Tables .....................................................................................................20 0.3.5.1. General Commands for Tables ................................................................20 0.3.5.2. Interactive Preview-Plots..........................................................................20 0.3.6. Printing Tables and Plots .........................................................................................21 Description of Dialog Boxes .................................................................................................22 0.4.1. Dialog Box: Options ..................................................................................................22 0.4.2. Dialog Box: Fe-Model: Nonlinear Analysis .............................................................24 0.4.3. GL3DViewer Properties ............................................................................................26 0.4.3.1. Tab Form: Selection..................................................................................26 0.4.3.2. Tab Form: Fine Mesh Zones ....................................................................27 0.4.3.3. Tab Form: Visual Settings........................................................................27 0.4.3.4. Tab Form: Loads .......................................................................................30 0.4.3.5. Tab Form: Deformation ............................................................................31 0.4.3.6. Tab Form: Results.....................................................................................32 0.4.3.7. Tab Form: Layout ......................................................................................33 0.4.3.8. Tab Form: Clipping ...................................................................................35 0.4.3.9. Tab Form: Clipping ranges ......................................................................36 0.4.3.10. Tab Form: Settings ...................................................................................37 0.4.3.11. Tab Form: OpenGL ...................................................................................38
0.2. 0.3.
0.4.
1.
General
1.1.
39
General Data ...........................................................................................................................39 1.1.1. First Tab Form: Project Data ....................................................................................39 1.1.2. Second Tab Form: Principal Dimensions ...............................................................41 1.1.3. Third Tab Form: Ice Class ........................................................................................41 1.1.4. Fourth Tab Form: Waterline of Damage..................................................................42 1.1.5. Fifth Tab Form: Options ...........................................................................................44 1.1.6. Sixth Tab Form: Options 2 .......................................................................................45 1.1.7. Seventh Tab Form: Ship in Service .........................................................................46 Materials ..................................................................................................................................46 Profile Table ............................................................................................................................46
1.2. 1.3.
End Connection of Stiffeners ................................................................................................48 Frame Table (X-Direction)......................................................................................................49 Frame Table (Y and Z -Direction) ..........................................................................................50 Toe Table.................................................................................................................................51 Hold Arrangement ..................................................................................................................52 not used...................................................................................................................................52
1.10. Slots for Stiffener ...................................................................................................................52 1.11. Series of End Connections and Slots ..................................................................................54 1.12. Cutout Contour Table.............................................................................................................56
2.
60
Wizards for Transverse Sections..........................................................................................60 2.1.1. Container Ship ...........................................................................................................63 2.1.2. Bulk Carrier ................................................................................................................65 2.1.3. Tanker.........................................................................................................................67
3.
Hull Structure
3.1.
71
Longitudinal Members ...........................................................................................................71 3.1.1. Functional Elements .................................................................................................71 3.1.2. Plate Arrangements...................................................................................................74 3.1.3. Longitudinal Stiffener Arrangement........................................................................78 3.1.4. Cutout Arrangement..................................................................................................83 3.1.5. Transverse Stiffener Arrangement ..........................................................................84 3.1.6. Transverse Girders....................................................................................................86 Transverse Web Plates ..........................................................................................................90 3.2.1. Cells ............................................................................................................................90 3.2.2. Plates ..........................................................................................................................92 3.2.3. Stiffener Arrangement ..............................................................................................94 3.2.4. Cutout Arrangement..................................................................................................96 3.2.5. Stanchions & Struts ..................................................................................................99 Transverse Bulkheads .........................................................................................................101 3.3.1. Bulkhead Overview .................................................................................................101 3.3.2. Geometry of Cells....................................................................................................102 3.3.3. Plate Arrangement...................................................................................................105 3.3.4. Stiffener Arrangement ............................................................................................106 3.3.5. Girder and Stringer Arrangement ..........................................................................108 3.3.6. Holes and Cutouts...................................................................................................111
3.2.
3.3.
4.
Design Criteria/Loads
4.1. 4.2. 4.3.
112
Compartments ......................................................................................................................112 Content of Compartments ...................................................................................................113 Cargo and Decks ..................................................................................................................115 4.3.1. Cargo and Decks ....................................................................................................115 4.3.2. not used....................................................................................................................119 4.3.3. Hold Mass Curves ...................................................................................................119 Container Loads ...................................................................................................................121 Hull Girder Bending..............................................................................................................123 4.5.1. Still water..................................................................................................................123 4.5.2. Still water: Harbour condition ................................................................................124 4.5.3. Still water: Flooded hold condition .......................................................................124 4.5.4. Wave Loads..............................................................................................................125 4.5.4.1. Wave Loads According to GL-Rules.....................................................125 4.5.4.2. User defined Wave Moments and Shear Forces..................................126 4.5.4.3. Definition of Waves.................................................................................127
4.4. 4.5.
4 Contents
4.5.4.4. 4.5.4.5.
Moments and Forces due to external Wave Pressure ........................128 Min/Max Wave Moments and Shear Forces .........................................130
5.
Results
5.1.
132
Hull Cross Section................................................................................................................132 5.1.1. Longitudinal Plates .................................................................................................133 5.1.2. Longitudinal Stiffeners ...........................................................................................136 5.1.3. Transverse Stiffeners..............................................................................................136 5.1.4. Transverse Girders..................................................................................................136 5.1.5. Masses......................................................................................................................136 Transverse Members............................................................................................................137 5.2.1. Web Plates ...............................................................................................................137 5.2.2. Web Stiffener ...........................................................................................................138 5.2.3. Bulkhead Plates.......................................................................................................138 5.2.4. Bulkhead Stiffener...................................................................................................138 Hull Girder Bending Moments.............................................................................................139 5.3.1. Section Moduli, BM and SF (input) ........................................................................139 5.3.2. BM and SF (output) .................................................................................................140 Natural Frequencies .............................................................................................................141 5.4.1. Longitudinal Plates .................................................................................................143 5.4.2. Longitudinal Stiffener .............................................................................................145 5.4.3. Transverse Stiffeners..............................................................................................145 5.4.4. Transverse Girders..................................................................................................145 5.4.5. Transverse Members ..............................................................................................145 Evaluation of Sections .........................................................................................................145 Stress.....................................................................................................................................147 5.6.1. Shear stress TauL [N/mm].....................................................................................147 5.6.2. Normal stress SigmaL [N/mm]..............................................................................148 5.6.3. Summary of stresses [N/mm] ...............................................................................149 Ultimate Strength..................................................................................................................149 5.7.1. Input (generated) .....................................................................................................149 5.7.2. Results......................................................................................................................151
5.2.
5.3.
5.4.
5.5. 5.6.
5.7.
6.
Utilisation
6.1.
153
Thickness Measurement for Longitudinal Members ........................................................153 6.1.1. Longitudinal Plates .................................................................................................153 6.1.2. Longitudinal Stiffeners ...........................................................................................155 6.1.3. Transverse Stiffeners..............................................................................................155 6.1.4. Transverse Girders..................................................................................................155 6.1.5. Overview...................................................................................................................155 Thickness Measure for Transverse Web Plates................................................................156 6.2.1. Plates ........................................................................................................................156 6.2.2. Stiffeners ..................................................................................................................156 Thickness Measure for Transverse Bulkheads.................................................................156 6.3.1. Plates ........................................................................................................................156 6.3.2. Stiffeners ..................................................................................................................156 6.3.3. Girders ......................................................................................................................157
6.2.
6.3.
7.
158
FE-Models .............................................................................................................................158 Mesh Tolerances ..................................................................................................................158 Define Boundary Conditions...............................................................................................161 Loads .....................................................................................................................................163 7.4.1. Tank Loads...............................................................................................................164 7.4.2. Cargo Loads.............................................................................................................164 7.4.3. Container Loads ......................................................................................................166 Contents 5
External Sea Loads .................................................................................................167 Functional Element Loads......................................................................................168 Global Load Cases Container Ships .....................................................................169
Generate FE Model ...............................................................................................................170 Pressure Sniffer....................................................................................................................172 7.6.1. Input ..........................................................................................................................172 7.6.2. Results......................................................................................................................173 Global Load Cases ...............................................................................................................173
7.7.
8. 9.
176 177
General ..................................................................................................................................177 9.1.1. Project Overview .....................................................................................................177 9.1.2. Linear Isotropic Materials.......................................................................................178 9.1.3. Linear orthotropic materials...................................................................................178 9.1.4. Elementgroups ........................................................................................................179 Nodes and Elements ............................................................................................................180 9.2.1. Nodal Point Data......................................................................................................180 9.2.2. Beam element data..................................................................................................181 9.2.3. Surface and Truss element data ............................................................................183 9.2.4. Boundary elements .................................................................................................186 9.2.5. Nonlinear spring elements .....................................................................................187 9.2.6. Nonlinear spring stiffness ......................................................................................187 Cross Sections .....................................................................................................................188 9.3.1. Definitions ................................................................................................................188 9.3.2. Summary of Sections..............................................................................................191 9.3.3. Geometric Properties ..............................................................................................192 9.3.4. Stress Distribution ..................................................................................................192 9.3.5. Stress Evaluation ....................................................................................................193 9.3.6. Capacity of Section .................................................................................................194 9.3.6.1. Capacity of Section - Results Overview ...............................................194 9.3.6.2. Capacity of Section - Results Details....................................................195 9.3.7. Section Values of FE-Model ...................................................................................195 9.3.8. Report .......................................................................................................................196 Loads .....................................................................................................................................198 9.4.1. Nodal loads ..............................................................................................................198 9.4.2. Prescribed Displacements/Rotations....................................................................198 9.4.3. Beam loads ..............................................................................................................199 9.4.4. Plane Loads .............................................................................................................201 9.4.5. Load factors .............................................................................................................202 9.4.6. Element Loadgroups...............................................................................................203 9.4.7. Time function ...........................................................................................................204 Results...................................................................................................................................204 9.5.1. Deformations at Nodal Points ................................................................................204 9.5.2. Forces and Moments of Boundary Elements .......................................................205 9.5.3. Forces and Moments of Nonlinear Springs..........................................................206 9.5.4. Forces and Moments of Beams in Local Direction..............................................206 9.5.5. Stresses in Beams in Local Direction ...................................................................207 9.5.6. Stresses in Truss Elements ...................................................................................207 9.5.7. Stresses in Plane Elements....................................................................................207 9.5.8. Stresses in Shell Elements (Membrane) ...............................................................209 9.5.9. Stresses in Shell Elements (Membrane and Bending) ........................................209 9.5.10. Eigenfrequencies.....................................................................................................209 9.5.11. Forces and Moments of Nodes ..............................................................................210 Grillage ..................................................................................................................................210 9.6.1. General remarks ......................................................................................................210 9.6.2. Plates ........................................................................................................................214 9.6.3. Girders and Stiffeners.............................................................................................215 POSEIDON User Manual
9.2.
9.3.
9.4.
9.5.
9.6.
6 Contents
9.6.4.
Grillage Loads..........................................................................................................219 9.6.4.1. General .....................................................................................................219 9.6.4.2. Uniform Distributed Loads.....................................................................220 9.6.4.3. Container Stack Loads ...........................................................................221 9.6.4.4. Plane Loads .............................................................................................222 Grillage Results: Container Foundations .............................................................223 Grillage Results: Supporting Forces.....................................................................224 Grillage Results: Stiffeners ....................................................................................224
226
10.1. Add POSEIDON Subsystem (merge data)..........................................................................226 10.2. Add GLFRAME Subsystem (merge data)...........................................................................227 10.3. Import of Thickness Measurement Data ............................................................................228 10.4. Import of Geometry ..............................................................................................................229 10.5. Import of Geometry from PIAS/Fairway .............................................................................231 10.6. An Export Macro for NAPA..................................................................................................231 10.7. Import and Export of GLFRAME data.................................................................................232 10.8. Export to Tribon XML of 2D Cross-Section Data ..............................................................233 10.9. Export of POSEIDON TXT Files...........................................................................................233
234
11.1. General ..................................................................................................................................234 11.2. Overview................................................................................................................................235 11.2.1. Longitudinal Members ............................................................................................235 11.2.2. Transverse Members ..............................................................................................235 11.2.3. Transverse Bulkheads ............................................................................................236 11.3. Options ..................................................................................................................................237 11.3.1. Longitudinal Members ............................................................................................237 11.3.1.1. Plate Thickness .......................................................................................237 11.3.1.2. Stress Conversions ................................................................................238 11.3.2. Transverse Members ..............................................................................................239 11.3.2.1. Plate Thickness .......................................................................................239 11.3.2.2. Stress Conversions ................................................................................240 11.4. Load Definition .....................................................................................................................241 11.5. Pressure loadgroups............................................................................................................241 11.6. Results...................................................................................................................................242 11.6.1. Long.Members (Single Buckling Field) .................................................................242 11.6.2. Long.Members (Stiffener) .......................................................................................245 11.6.3. Trans.Members (Single Buckling Field) ................................................................246 11.6.4. Trans.Members (Stiffener)......................................................................................248 11.6.5. Trans.Bulkheads (Single Buckling Field) .............................................................249 11.6.6. Trans.Bulkheads (Stiffener) ...................................................................................249 11.7. Variations ..............................................................................................................................249 11.7.1. Single Buckling fields .............................................................................................249 11.7.2. Stiffeners ..................................................................................................................251
252 253
0.
0.1.
0.1.1.
Introduction
What is new?
What is new in Version 12,0,6
The July 2012 edition of CSR-OT has been incorporated Cutouts with any shape can be described now for longitudinal and transverse members. See also 1.12, 3.1.4, 3.2.4 and 3.3.6 Additionally resolved bug reports with this version: Resolved Bug Reports
0.1.2.
0.1.3.
0.1.4.
0.1.5.
Transverse members are shown now always with A+F independent of the actual selection New plot properties for the labelling of pre-views like the values of the columns Item, Design Criteria, Attributes and End connection Additionally resolved bug reports with this version: Resolved Bug Reports
0.1.6.
0.1.7.
10 Introduction
Used at actual Frame No. Shows only Cells which are used by a bulkhead at the actual frame no. Select Dialog box to select the shown bulkhead cells. Different description for longitudinal plates and stiffeners at X-Start and X-End is possible now. For example unparallel longitudinal stiffeners can be described directly now. See also 3.1.2 and 3.1.3. GLRules: Additional columns in GLRules to enter variations of input values and to see the effects on the results in parallel. additional output of center of element in 7.6.2 and the possibility to highlight elements in the 3D FEPlot New feature AutoSave. See also 0.3.4.1 More detailed output of the results for design criteria "S". If e.g. also berthing and/or ice class are used, POSEIDON will displays the results for every case in the info view (and still the summary as before). Stancions & Struts are visualized now by lines in the 3d View. They can be selected in the Segment/Elementgroup "Stancions&Struts" The long. preview in 3.1.3 und 3.1.4 can display now cutouts or stiffeners or both at the same time. Use the properties dialog to select the wanted view. The end connection for stiffeners and girders have been extended and made more equal in 3.1.5, 3.1.6, 3.2.3, 3.2.5, 3.3.4, 3.3.5 Extended input possibility for carling of corrugated bulkhead. See also 3.1.2 New export command POSEIDON TXT to write the pox file in readable ASCII format. Additionally resolved bug reports with this version: Resolved Bug Reports
0.2.
License Registration
The actual Version of POSEIDON is protected by a license registration key. Registered users receive this key automatically. This key has to be entered when POSEIDON is started for the first time. The number is valid for one year. The remaining days and the registration number can be viewed by the command "Help/License registration". For a trial version of POSEIDON you can ask Germanischer Lloyd for a limited registration number. For this or if there are any other problems regarding the license registration, send a mail to poseidon@gl-group.com.
0.3.
0.3.1.
In each section, the corresponding text of the manual can be displayed with F1.
0.3.2.
Tree views
POSEIDON's data structure is represented by a tree view. Clicking on a folder icon opens or closes the folder. Clicking a worksheet icon opens or closes the view for this part of POSEIDON. The window for the tree-view can be closed. If the tree-view is closed there is still a button for the corresponding pulldown-list in the tool bar. GLRULES's data structure can be shown in the tree view by clicking the GL Rules tab. By clicking a worksheet icon with the right mouse button, a direct jump to the corresponding written rules is possible. The actual parameter set of GLRULES is stored automatically inside the POSEIDON project file. GLFRAME's data structure can be shown in the tree view by clicking the GLFRAME tab.
Introduction 11
Note:
To display the written rules, the installation path of GL Rules and Programs has to be given. See also 0.4.1
0.3.3.
By default, a window for a program status protocol is located in the upper part of POSEIDON's application window. Also error messages and warnings are recorded in this area. Using the context-menu from the right mouse button this area can be cleaned, printed or saved. The context menu of the right mouse button contains also the clipboard commands cut, copy and paste. By clicking on the "GL Rules result"-tab the protocol of all print commands of GLRULES are shown. Note: Links are formatted as underlined blue text. A click on a link opens the corresponding table at the specified record number.
0.3.4.
General Commands
12 Introduction
Save: Save As Import / Export Page setup: Page preview: Printer setup: Print: Bugreport:
Saves the actual POSEIDON project in the current Poseidon project file (extension .pox). Saves the actual POSEIDON project, whereby the (new) location and filename can be given or changed. Use this command to import or export parts of POSEIDON data. With the file-open dialog-box, the type of file can be selected. See also 10. Use this command to customize the layout of the printed pages. Use this command to preview the printed pages. Use this command to select a printer and to customize the options of the printer. Use this command to print the active view. Use this command to create a bug report. First, a dialog-box, containing the actual status and a note field, will be displayed. In the note-field, the description of the problem has to be entered. Once the OK button is selected, the user leaves the box and the report will be saved. In addition to the data of the dialog-box, the current POSEIDON- data will also be saved in a new file. The files will be stored either in the temporary directory (filenames : "bug<number>.txt", ."-.pox") or in a bugreport directory under the "ship register path" if specified at the Options command below. Both files can now be sent by e-mail or by diskette to Germanischer Lloyd (poseidon@glgroup.com )
Introduction 13
Choose between the following different methods of rules check: 1. Compare required scantlings with as built: The as built scantlings (t, respectively Profile dimensions) are to be compared with the scantlings calculated by the program. This option is only available if at least for the SHELL scantlings are given. 2. Determine scantlings: Starting with minimal scantlings the process of "calculate cross section values, size members according to Germanischer Lloyd Rules" is performed as long as (max. 10 iterations) the scantlissngs are changed on the basis of the cross-section results (bending moments, shear stress distribution). The last iteration is done with a protocol in the Info-File. If the required section modulus is not reached at the end of the iteration, the program increases the scantlings for all members in the upper flange, respectively in the lower flange until the required section modulus is fulfilled. 3. Capacity check: This option can be used in combination with method 1 or 2. The ultimate bending capacity of the hull cross-section will be calculated and the usage factors:
MSW + US =
WV * M WV cS MU R
QSW +
1 and
WV * QWV
cS QU 1
US =
are displayed in the info file. For further information see also Germanischer Lloyd Rules I-1-5, Section 8. The results are shown in 5.7 Ultimate Strength. Note: Due to the extended calculation time, this option should be used for the final run only. 4.: Connection long/ transverse members For the calculation of the connections it is necessary to assign slots to longitudinal stiffener. Usage of the connection calculations makes only 14 Introduction POSEIDON User Manual
sense at a frame with web definitions and longitudinal stiffener with end connections and slots. The calculated usage factors can be shown in the preview of 5.1.2 (use the corresponding plot properties) For the calculation F/A is always set to F 5.: welding material Reh For the calculation of connections of long./transverse member it is now possible to give individual ReH values in the range 235 to 390 N/mm In addition, the user can mark the following entries: - Recalculate tank dimensions Mark this entry to recalculate the tank dimensions otherwise the tank data are used as given in the tank description. The recalculation can be necessary in the case where several transverse sections are to be sized and the tank geometry at the individual transverse sections varies. - Calculate Natural Frequencies Mark this entry to calculate the natural frequencies. The results can be viewed in section 5.4. - Use FE Stresses from load case (under preparation!) Mark this entry to consider also the FE stresses during the rules check. The results can be viewed in section 5.1.1 where the table is extended to show also the stresses from the FE calculation. In addition select either a load case from which the stresses should be obtained or select the keyword "maxcase". For "maxcase" the program searches over all load cases and determine for each member the load case, which results in the worst condition. Note: A FE model and the results from a static FE calculation must be loaded before using this command. POSEIDON needs the unsupported span in longitudinal direction (dx). For this, POSEIDON tries to determine this value by finding the supporting transverse members. If this search is not successful, a Dialog Box appears in which this value is to be entered. During the sizing process, POSEIDON checks the used material in the upper and lower flange. The use of different materials in the flanges will produce a warning in the Info-file. Use the "Set Material" command to set the material for all plates/profiles inside and outside of flanges. The results of the sizing may be viewed in the displays of the section Rule Scantlings. The stiffener dimensions, which are described in the Profile table, are applied for sizing. Note: Show The allowed design bending stresses and shear stresses in the section Rule Scantlings, Permissible Moments are to be checked after using the Rules Check command. This command opens a dialog box. Select the actual cross-section and the type of plot. Depending of the type there are additional options available. Finally, start the plot with the show command. If the current frame has already been sized, then the labeling of the plate and stiffener dimensions under Show is presented in colour, comparable to that under Scantlings. For this, the following classification applies: ## violet, -red -,+ green ++ blue In Show with plate thickness as well as in presentation of the profile, various materials are identified by stars. For this, the following classification applies: no star Material 1 * Material 2, ** Material 3. # Material 4 or higher
Note:
Introduction 15
This command creates a 3D-view out of the cross-sections descriptions of all functional elements. See also 0.4.3 This command creates a 3D-view for the FE-Model. See also 0.4.3 This command displays the main catalogue of GL's CD-ROM GL Rules and Programs. The installation directory must be set as described in the option dialog. See also 0.4.1
FE-model: Static Analysis FE-model: Dynamic Analysis FE-model: Nonlinear Analysis This command starts the FE-solver of GLFRAME. Select the static, dynamic or nonlinear analysis from the list box of this button. For the static analysis the following options are available and can be selected in a dialogbox. Check Model unmark this option to skip the internal model check routine. Build Matrix unmark this option if you just want to check the model Autocorrection of translational singularites: If checked, translational singularities (missing or insufficient translational stiffness) are detected and corrected. Correction is achieved by coupling to non-singular neighbour nodes. The nondimensional parameter "stiffness tolerance" controls the detection of insufficient stiffness, where "ordinary" stiffness is in the order of 1. (default: 0.01). End releases of beams are not considered, i.e. beam nodes are always regarded as not singular. Condition Check unmark this option if you want to skip the calculation of the condition check Print Diagonal Values mark this option if you want to print the stiffness values of the matrix-diagonal. A filter for min and max values can be set additionally. Solve matrix unmark this option if you just want to see the loads summary. Pivoting mark this option if you want to use pivoting during the solution. The result might be more accurate, especially for matrixes, which are bad conditioned. Also it is sometimes possible to get results for a matrix with singularities, but normally singularities should be removed from the system. Therefore we suggest solving the system without pivoting first. For the dynamic analysis see also 9.5.10 For the nonlinear analysis see also 0.4.2
Scales the graphic so that it fits best inside the window (auto-scale) , , , , , , . Moves the graphic Rotates the graphic Zoom in, out Centres and auto-scales the graphic Opens a dialog-box for the selection of functional elements, which shall be displayed or not. For a 3D Plot of FE-model the selection of elementgroups, loadcases etc. is possible. See also 0.4.3 Contextmenu (via click with right mouse button)
Zoom 100 % clip by frameno hide goup <groupname> hide element Copy Properties
Scales the graphic so that it fits best inside the window Clip the model via frametable (select with the mouse the first frame and then the second frame). Only possible if a frametable exists. If an element is selected (fe- or geometry- element) this command can hide the corresponding group. Only hide the last selected element. The next replot will make the element visible again. Copy the actual window to the clipboard Opens a dialog-box for the selection of functional elements, which shall be displayed or not. For a 3D Plot of FE-model the selection of elementgroups, loadcases etc. is possible. See also 0.4.2 If you select an element (or a node) by clicking on it, the program will display some information about the element in the status bar. By activating this option the information will be displayed just by moving over the model. If you select an element (or a node) by clicking on it, use this button to jump directly to the definition in GLFRAME. In some grids the other way round is also possible, e.g. make a right click in the node grid and you will get an entry highlight node(s). If you select the entry the node is highlighted in the GL3DViewer window. Print the window
show tooltips
jump to node/element
Scales the graphic so that it fits best inside the window (auto-scale) , , , , , , . Moves the graphic Rotates the graphic Zoom in, out Centres and auto-scales the graphic Activates the mouse navigation mode Activates the mouse zoom mode Opens a dialog-box for the selection of the functional elements, that shall be displayed or not. For a 3D-plot of FE-model the selection of elementgroups, loadcases etc. is possible. See also 0.4.3. Context menu (via click with right mouse button)
Zoom 100% Hide group Show only group Make group transparent Hide element Focus element
Scales the graphic so that it fits best inside the window. Hides the groups of the selected elements (FE- or geometry- elements). Hides all groups except the groups containing the selected elements (FE- or geometry- elements). Shows the group transparently for highlighting. Only available for 3D-plot of geometry. Hides the selected elements. Hidden elements can be shown using the property dialog-box. See also 0.4.3. Moves the 3D model in order that the object lying under the mouse cursor will become the new centre of rotation. This may be helpful to take a look at a special region of interest. Opens the table containing the last selected element. Only available for 3Dplot of FE-models. Opens a dialog-box for the selection of functional elements, which shall be displayed or not. For a 3D-plot of FE-model the selection of elementgroups, loadcases etc. is possible. See also 0.4.3. Set a clipping box by selecting two frame numbers successively using a helper plane. Both frames must be clicked by the left mouse button. Pressing <Esc> cancels the selection. Copy the actual window to the clipboard. Copy the actual window rotated by 90 to the clipboard. Print the window. POSEIDON User Manual
Clip by Frame No
Print image Mouse navigation Left button Left button without movement <Shift> + left button Mid button Right button Right button w/o movement Mouse wheel <Ctrl> + left button
Rotates the camera around the focus point. Selects the element under mouse cursor. Rotates the camera around itself. Zooms in/out. Moves the 3D model. Context menu. Zooms in/out. Starts a zoom rectangle for zoom. In case, <Shift> is pressed, the visible area of the 3D model will be fit into the rectangle (zoom out), else the rectangle will be fit into the window (zoom in). <Esc> can be used to cancel this command. This command is available in isometric view only. Sets the focus point (see context menu). Toggles perspective view mode on/off. Shows clipping box. Toggles clipping on/off. Shows plot property dialog-box. See also 0.4.3. Toggles frame table on/off if present. Toggles a helper plane on/off that can be moved along the x-axis. The helper plane snaps to frame or clip-range positions if available. Pressing <Shift> deactivates the snapping. Hides the selected elements (FE- or geometry- elements). Hides the groups containing the selected elements. Zooms out. Zooms in. Resets zoom. Cancels the zoom rectangle. Rotate the 3D model. Move the 3D model. Can be used to do some commands finely. E.g. pressing <Shift>+<Ctrl>+<Left> moves the 3D model using a smaller step than <Ctrl>+<Left> alone. Moves the camera freely in the corresponding directions: forward, left, back, right, up, down. Forward and back movements are available only in perspective view mode. The velocity depends on the zoom value and may differ depending on the complexity of the model and the power of the computer system. Moving directions can be combined. Holding at least one of the keys you can use the mouse to change the direction of movement by rotation of the camera. Toggles element markers on/off (only for FE-models). Toggles node markers on/off (only for FE-models).
Shortcuts F P B C O T Z
<Del> <Shift>+<Del> <PgUp> or <-NUM> <PgDwn> or <+NUM> <Home> <Esc> Arrow keys <Ctrl> + arrow keys <Shift>
W, A, S, D, E, X
M N
Introduction 19
0.3.5.
In a table-view, the data is structured in records. Each record is displayed in one ore two rows. The records can be sorted for a specific column by double-clicking this column-header. The usage of the tables is similar to the usage of Microsoft Excel tables. Note: Sorting the table by double-clicking a column-header change only the view, not the order of the stored table. A marker in the corresponding column-header indicates a sorted view and the direction (ascending/descending).
An important feature, especially during the learning phase, is the ToolTip for the columns of a table. Just move the mouse pointer over a column header and wait for a second. The right mouse-button context-menu can be used for the clipboard commands cut, copy and paste. If cells are marked, the "set data" command is also available. For some commands (e.g. "set data"), a dialog box asked for the row number. This is true only for records, with more than one row for each record. Select the row number from the presented list-box.
Edit/Undo:
Tools/Delete line:
Tools/Additional Commands/ Options/Plot Properties: Use this command to set properties for the actual preview-plot. See also 0.3.5.2
Preview Properties
The preview-plots can be customized ( ), especially for showing different things. Each preview-plot has it's own properties and starts up with a default setting optimized for the current table-view. These settings can 20 Introduction POSEIDON User Manual
be changed and stored, so that they are also available when the view is opened next time. The plot properties should be self-explanatory; changes are shown immediately in the preview.
ToolTips
A ToolTip is displayed for all members in a preview-plot when the mouse-pointer is located on a member for a while. For example a ToolTip for a plate displays the name and the thickness (as built and required if available) of that plate.
Zooming
To see more details in a preview-plot it is possible to zoom in a region of the plot. Press the left mouse button when the mouse pointer is on an edge of the region of interest and move the mouse while the left mouse button is still pressed. The selected region is plotted when the mouse button is released. The original view can be reached by just clicking the left mouse button.
Labelling
All preview-plots can be labeled. The size of labels can be adjusted. Select the desired font for this. Use the option force size to get always the same font size, otherwise the font size is adjusted for the pre-view window automatically. It is possible to zoom in a region of the plot. Press the left mouse button when the mouse pointer is on an edge of the region of interest and move the mouse while the left -mouse button is still pressed. The selected region is plotted when the mouse button is released. The original view can be reached by just clicking the left mouse button.
0.3.6.
Each table and preview-plot can be printed. To print a table or a form, open it and use the "File/Print" command or the "File/Page preview" command to check the layout first. To print a preview-plot click the right-mouse-button inside the preview window and select the "Print window" or "Preview-window" command from the popup menu. The margins for the printed page and some other layout features can be adjusted with the "File/Page setup" command. The paper size and the orientation (landscape or portrait) can be adjusted with the "File/Printer setup" command.
Introduction 21
0.4.
0.4.1.
22 Introduction
Introduction 23
0.4.2.
Nonlinear calculation can be used with all normal GLFRAME elements. The big difference to the normal static solution is the following: after doing a normal static solution the nonlinear calculation compares the internal forces of the elements with the external loads. If they are not nearly the same, the solution starts again and iterates until equilibrium is reached or an error occurs. The iteration is done by a BFGS-algorithm including line search. This part of GLFRAME together with the main part allows the calculation of geometric nonlinear trusses and beams. The input of those elements is similar to the input of linear elements and is done in GLFRAME. It is important to consider that geometric linear and nonlinear elements must not be in the same element group. The element group table then allows the definition of linear and nonlinear element groups. During the nonlinear calculation the system updates the stiffness matrix of every geometrical nonlinear element in every time step with respect to the actual node co-ordinates. Nonlinear materials are considered during a nonlinear analysis. During the calculation the system calculates the actual strain of elements with nonlinear material and then gets the actual stress and E-modulus from the strain-stress-curve. Time functions must be defined. The nonlinear calculation will follow this time functions step by step. For each time step a calculation will be performed, taking the deformation and stiffness output of the last time step for input for the next one. 24 Introduction POSEIDON User Manual
Because of the time functions the load cases are calculated in the following way now: There has to be a load case in GLFRAME for every time function. These load cases can be defined with load groups and load factors as usual. In the nonlinear calculation each load case then gets multiplied with the actual factor of the corresponding time function. The loads of the model at the actual time step are calculated by summing up all those values. The calculation of beam loads is only possible for linear beams. The calculation depends on the original position of the beams and therefore is only useful for beams with small deformations.
0.4.3.
GL3DViewer Properties
This dialog-box can be opened with the button from the 3D Toolbar. The GL3DViewer can be used for the display of the 3D geometry model of POSEIDON or for finite element models of GLFRAME. Depending of the displayed view the below described parameters are disabled or enabled. At the top of the dialog-box the property context ("Set attributes for") can be chosen. Possible property contexts are dependent of the visible deformed models: FE model Deformation <name> All properties of the original FE-model are displayed and may be set. All properties of the deformed model, as it is part of the results, may be set.
Properties for the 3D plot. Use the check boxes inside the grid to select the element groups that should be plotted. If only some of the elements are hidden, the checkbox of the corresponding group will be displayed in an undefined state. The visibility settings will be applied for all elements of a group.
Select Elements
All Segments Func. Elem. Plates Stiffeners PSEs Shells Trusses Beams Boundaries Select or deselect all groups Select or deselect all segment groups (for geometry plots only) Select or deselect all functional element groups Select or deselect all plate groups Select or deselect all stiffener groups Select or deselect all groups with plane stress elements (for FE plots only) Select or deselect all groups with shell elements Select or deselect all groups with truss elements Select or deselect all groups with beam elements Select or deselect all groups with boundaries elements
26 Introduction
Highlight
Activates the highlighting. Invisible elements or groups will be shown with an transparent grey tone. The transparency can also be set using the slider beneath. Create one frame for every single visible group and determine the best view. Overwrites other auto layout settings. See also 0.4.3.7.
Only the selected property context (Set attributes for:) can be customized at the time. For an explanation of how to set the current property context see 0.4.3.
Use the check boxes inside the grid to select the fine-mesh-zones-groups that should be visible. If only some of the elements are hidden, the checkbox of the corresponding fine mesh zone will be displayed in an undefined state. The visibility settings will be applied for all elements of a fine mesh zone group (across the element groups). Select Groups All Select or deselect all groups of fine mesh zones.
Introduction 27
Node Settings:
Show Nodes Node Name Node Number Node Temp. as Text Node Temp. as Circle Show or hide nodes. Display the name of the node. For future use. Display the number of the node. Display the node temperature as text. Display the node temperature as circle. Not available yet.
Node Visibility:
Auto Hide Show Free Nodes Automatically hide all nodes whose elements are all hidden, too. Even show nodes that are not part of an element.
Element Settings:
Element Markers Rigid Ends Beam Coord. Element Faces Element Lines Show or hide the element markers. Show or hide the rigid ends of beams. Show or hide the local beam coordinate systems. Show or hide the faces of all elements. Show or hide the outer contour of all elements.
Free Edges:
Show Free Edges by Group by Thickness by Material Note: Show or hide free edges. Free edges are determined using group membership. Free edges are determined using the thickness of elements. Free edges are determined using the material of elements.
Shrinking:
Enabled Enable or disable the shrinking of elements.
28 Introduction
Factor
The shrink value (in percent) can be input as number or changed using the slider control.
Labels:
Element Name Element Number Group Number Additional Information Show or hide the name of the element. For future use. Show or hide the element number. Show or hide the element group number. Show or hide additional information related to the elements.
Colouring:
by Thickness by Thickness (grey) by Material by Group White Faces Top/Bottom by VonMises Stress by Shear Stress by Bending Stress Note: Note: The elements will be colourised based on the thickness value. The elements will be colourised based on the thickness value using a grey tone palette. The elements will be colourised based on the material. The elements will be colourised based on the group membership. All face elements will be colourised white. This helps to identify trusses, beams and other elements represented by coloured lines. The elements are colourised according to their face side, with top side becoming red and bottom side green. The elements will be colourised based on the Von Mises stress value. The elements will be colourised based on the shear stress value. The elements will be colourised based on its Bending+Membrane stresses. Different combinations of layer, location and stress direction are possible.
Von Mises stress and shear stress colouring are only available if results are present. If they are not, colouring by thickness will be used instead. Only the selected property context (Set attributes for:) can be customized at the time except the colouring property. For an explanation of how to set the current property context see 0.4.3.
Introduction 29
Select the load group or the global load case inside the table, which should be plotted. This tab is only visible for FE-plots.
Options:
Scalefactor Auto Scale Loads Show Value Line Circle Disc XYZ Note: Factor to scale the loads If the option is set, the program will calculate an adequate factor. Plot the load values. Plot loads with lines. Plot loads with circles (only node loads). Plot loads with discs (only node loads). Split the loads into their axial components and display the marked component X, Y or Z. If no filter is set, the resulting load is plotted. Only the property context (Set attributes for:) FE-Model is affected.
30 Introduction
Select the global load case inside the table, which should be plotted. This tab is only visible for FE-plots.
Options
Scalefactor Auto Scale Deflections Hide Model Auto Layout Factor to scale the deflections If the option is set, the program will calculate an adequate factor. If the option is set, only the deflections are plotted. Create one frame for every single visible load case and determine the best view. This option overwrites other auto layout settings.
Introduction 31
Select the load case above the table and the stresses inside the table, which should be plotted. This tab is only visible for FE-plots.
Options
Scalefactor Auto Scale Stresses Use Fixed Scale Min Stress Factor to scale the stresses If the option is set, the program will calculate an adequate factor If the option is set, the display size of the results remain constant regardless of the zoom factor. For colour plot of von Mises or shear stresses elements with a lower stress value are not plotted except their edges. The geometrical representations of the stress values are coloured black if the value is less than Min Stress, and red if the value is greater than Min Stress. This value is for scaling of the stresses. Furthermore for the colour plot of von Mises and shear stresses all elements with a stress value greater than Max Stress are plotted red. The geometrical representations of the stress values are plotted boldly if the value is greater than Max Stress. Activates a special presentation with colours for the v.Mises stresses. This presentation depends on the element stress, the K- factor of the material and the values of Stress Min and Stress Max. The colour code for the element stresses is as follow: Red: Element stress >= Stress Max / K- Factor of the element Green: Element stress >= Stress Min / K- Factor of the element and < Stress Max / K- Factor des element Grey: Element stress >= Stress Min and < Stress Min / K- Factor of the element
Max Stress
Note:
For CSR based analysis the color code is more detailed and shows shades between red and green. Elements which element stresses < Stress Min are ignored In general Stress Max should be 235 or the allowed stress!
32 Introduction
Bending Stress Selection Top, Mid, Bottom I=J, I#J, shear Center Note: Select the layer of element. Select the direction of the bending stress. At the moment only the bending stress at element center can be selected. Only the property context (Set attributes for:) FE-Model is affected.
Max Filters Some results can be filtered using maximum criteria. To apply such a filter select the entries called "filer: ..." from the load case choice list. The following max filters can be applied at the moment. v.Mises at element centre Max v.Mises (GL) Maximum Von Mises stresses at element centre will be used to colourize the elements. Maximum Von Mises stresses acc. to GL will be used to colourize the elements.
Utilisation of Fine Mesh Zones If available (CSR-OT) fine mesh zones can be colourized using the maximum utilisation of fine mesh zones. The colour code for the utilisation is as follows: No colour: Utilisation factor is not available (no fine mesh zone element). Gray: Utilisation is less or equal than the corresponding permissible yield utilisation factor of elements adjacent to weld. Yellow: Utilisation is less or equal than the corresponding permissible yield utilisation factor of elements not adjacent to weld and has to be checked. Red: Utilisation is greater than the corresponding permissible yield utilisation factor of elements not adjacent to weld and therefore out of range.
Note:
Result values will be additionally displayed in the status bar only if a colouring method is chosen.
Introduction 33
Layout Properties
Layout None Custom Groups The layout mode can be one of the following: Only one frame is used. All previously generated frames are merged into this single frame. Frames may be generated or deleted need-based. Frames are automatically generated using the visible groups of 0.4.3.1. Every selected group becomes displayed in its own frame. The group names are used as title. All scales will be hidden. Frames are automatically generated using the visible deformations of tab "Deformation". Every deformed model of the selected load cases becomes displayed in its own frame. The names of the load cases are used as title. All scales will be hidden. (For future use.) Frames are automatically generated using the selected clipping ranges of 0.4.3.9. Every selected clipping range becomes displayed in its own frame. Clipping ranges may be container, frames, etc. Frames are automatically generated using the selected containers that are shown in tab 0.4.3.9. Containers are treated as special clipping ranges. Switch usage of paper borders on or off. Set portrait or landscape mode. Set the overlap of two neighboured frames in pixels. Sets the alignment of the frames for multi-column-multi-row layout. Frame places will be filled left to right or top to bottom according to this. Number of columns / rows for a multi-column / multi-row layout dependent on the alignment option. Choose a factor for the default scale factor 1:100. A Fixed scale factor of e.g. 1 means that 1 m in the model will be 1 cm on paper
Deformations
Clipping Ranges
Containers Use paper border Portrait / Landscape Overlapping horizontal / vertical Columns / Rows Fixed Scale
Frames
Title T CS MSc LSc DSc RSc TCL SCL FT FHP The Title of the frame that will be plotted in the lower left corner of the model. Show or hide the title of the frame. Set undefined state for auto hiding. Show or hide the coordinate system. Show or hide the model scale. Show or hide the load scale. Set undefined state for auto hiding. Show or hide the deflection/deformation scale. Set undefined state for auto hiding. Show or hide the result scale. Set undefined state for auto hiding. Show or hide the thickness color legend. Set undefined state for auto hiding. Show or hide the stress color legend. Set undefined state for auto hiding. Show or hide the frame table if present. Show or hide the helper plane on the frame table. This plane can be used to determine the x-coordinate of elements.
34 Introduction
Set all clipping parameters. Different clipping modes may be chosen and the coordinates of the clipping planes can be entered.
Options
Clipping active Clipbox visible Activates or deactivates the clipping. Show or hide the clipbox.
Clipping Mode
Intersection The clipping planes are used to intersect all elements. Intersection lines will be calculated and displayed boldly. Results and loads are automatically hidden, if the corresponding element is partly clipped. Elements are only visible if all element nodes are in the clipping ranges. This option is only available for FE-plots. Elements are visible if at least one element node is in the clipping ranges. This option is only available for FE-plots.
Exclusion Inclusion
Ranges
as Frame No. from / to enabled Fit If activated, x-coordinates are given in frame number format. Clipping range for the corresponding coordinate. The corresponding clipping plane is active, if this flag is set. Replace the current settings with program defaults. In general the clipping ranges are set to the bounding box of the visible parts of the FE- or geometry- model. Replace the current settings with program defaults. In general the clipping ranges are set to the bounding box of the FE- or geometry- model.
Full
Introduction 35
Select active clipping ranges and additional clipping and layout parameters. In single frame mode all selected clipping ranges will be combined as one united clipping range. The resulting clipping box is the intersection of the additional clipping range and the united ones.
36 Introduction
0.4.3.10.
Adjusts some common settings that can be saved as new default settings. Name Value Load defaults Save defaults Show All Props The name of the setting. The currently set value. Loads the last saved defaults. Saves the current settings as new defaults. Show or hide all settings that are available for saving as default. Some settings can be adjusted using other tabs of the property dialog. Those settings are hidden by default. Resets all settings to their defaults defined by Poseidon.
Reset defaults
Introduction 37
0.4.3.11.
If checked, OpenGL vertex buffer are used for drawing algorithms resulting in best performance. This option is only available for OpenGL version 1.5 and higher. Be aware that this may result in flawed presentations because of issues with some Intel onboard graphic chipsets. If vertex buffers are deactivated and this option is checked, display lists are used for drawing algorithms resulting in slightly better performance than using no enhancement. Be aware that this may result in flawed presentations because of issues with some Intel onboard graphic chipsets.
38 Introduction
1.
1.1.
General
General Data
This is a tabbed form for project data, principal dimensions, additional principal dimensions in case of ice class, a description of the waterline in damage condition and some additional options.
1.1.1.
Note:
It is possible to unlock a locked project, but note that all existing thickness measurements will be lost in this case. General 39
can be used for explanatory text. can be used for explanatory text. The name of a master document (POSEDON (*.pox) file) can be given here if the actual file is a subsystem which shall be later merged to the master document. By selecting a master document here the actual file is made to a subsystem, which means that the general data (1.1-1.4) are loaded from the master document. Modification of the general data is in a subsystem not possible. Subsystems shall be defined in a given X-Range only. To merge the subsystem with the master document open the master document and use the import command. See also 10.1 A GLFRAME (*.bmf or *.glf) or a GRILLAGE (*.glg) file can be attached to a POSEIDON project. Attached files will be loaded and saved automatically with the POSEIDON file. It is possible to attach more than one GLFRAME and/or GRILLAGE file, but only the selected one will be used. Use the import button to import the selected file. Output-field. This string is the result of the selected choices. Class Supplements in accordance with GL Construction Rules, Part 0, Section 2. List-box. Select a ship type from the list. List-box for the selection of a restricted service if any. List-box for the kinds of ice class. See GL Construction Rules, Part 1, Chapter 1, Section 15. Check-box, which is used only for bulk carriers. Mark this field, if the bulk carrier has a double side structure for the side shell. Check-box, which is used only for bulk carrier. See GL Construction Rules, Part 1, Chapter 1, Section 23.
GLFRAME / GRILLAGE
Character of Classification Ship Type Restricted Service Ice Class Double Side Use of Grabs Note:
POSEIDON automatically considers the class designation for the sizing of transverse sections and members in accordance with the respective formulas of the GL Construction Rules.
40 General
1.1.2.
1.1.3.
Note.
General 41
1.1.4.
The following information flows into the sizing of the watertight bulkheads and decks. The waterline of damage is represented as a polygonal shape. The polygonal shape begins at the aft perpendicular and ends at the forward perpendicular. Any two further points of reference between the aft and forward perpendiculars have to be defined.
42 General
Draft at CL
Heeling angle
General 43
1.1.5.
The following information flows into the sizing of cross-sections. The calculation of corrosion additions; the minimum thickness for special types of ships and the probability level can be modified here. The default values are in accordance to the GL Rules.
44 General
1.1.6.
These options include special options for navy vessels only and a description for the estimation of load cycles for extended lifetime.
Default values for Tmax and Tmin: Tmax = Scantling Draught T Tmin = TBallast_mean + 0.33 * (T - TBallast_mean) TBallast_mean = (Tbf + Tba) / 2
General 45
1.1.7.
1.2.
Materials
In this section, the materials are defined. For further description see also 9.1.2 of GLFRAME.
1.3.
Profile Table
For the selection of the various profile types and dimensions, POSEIDON utilizes an internal profile table (GL STANDARD TABLE). In certain situations, it can be helpful to adapt this table to the users individual requirements, i.e. for the locally available profiles. For this situation, the standard entries can be changed in the following input table. The modified profile table will be stored in the actual Poseidon-file. This ensures that the profiles used in each project are available at any time.
These material values are only used for the calculation of the required brackets, when the bracket material differs from the profile material.
46 General
the name is automatically composed of profile type and its dimensions. The manual input of a name is not yet available. hw: depth of web or height of profile (see fig. above) tw: thickness of web hf: breadth of flange tf: thickness of flange calculated cross-section area of the profile (without plate) distance of neutral axis from lower side of profile (without plate) calculated section modulus including a plate (B=40*tw, t=tw) calculated moment of inertia including a plate (B=40*tw, t=tw)
With the "default" command from the context-menu (right mouse button) or by entering blanks only, POSEIDON can be asked to calculate default values. Values are shown in red if they differs more than 40% from the default values. For all types of profiles the calculated values of W and I are based on an assumed effective width of 40*tw and a thickness of plating equal to tw.
Additional commands
Import/Export With the help of this command (which can be found in the File Menu) it is possible to read an external profile table and replace the existing values or to store the existing values in an external file. restores the GL-Standard-Table.
Def
If the unchanged profile table is in use, the item GL STANDARD TABLE will be shown in the title of the window. Once any value is changed, or an external frame table is loaded, this is shown in the title. There are two files "ProfAsia.txt" and "ProfGost" in the POSEIDON installation directory, which contains profiles according to the Japanese and the Russian standard.
General 47
1.4.
Identification number of the End Connection Height of heel stiffener (if applicable) Length of bracket Height of bracket Height of bracket at 0,3*hb if blank, he will be calculated for a straight bracket. Use the context-menu (right mouse button) to set default values: straight: he will be calculated for a straight bracket round 20: he will be calculated for a round bracket with soft nose Height of brackets nose bracket heel radius. Use one of the following input formats: <rxxx> radius <270shxxx> 270 soft heel radius <180shxxx> 180 soft heel radius <> no radius Bracket heel length
c: hr
h:
48 General
Bracket heel height Thickness of bracket Effective support length (see section 9, Fig. 9.4 of GL Rules) Not implemented yet Material no. of bracket
1.5.
In this section, the frame table for the longitudinal (X) direction is described. If only individual frames, for example the midship section, are calculated, a complete frame table is not necessary. In this case, it is possible to enter the frame position as a factor with the scantling length. This will be thoroughly described in the section Hull Structures. The preview has some options to customize the output. Use the right mouse click end select Plot properties for this.
General 49
List-box. Select either "aft to forward" or "forward to aft" for the direction of the frame numbering system.
Ranges in X-direction must be given always from aft to forward. For this, the ranges in X-direction must be given from upper frame number to lower frame number.
For the option "forward to aft" the ranges in X-direction must be given from upper frame number to lower frame number.
Additional Commands
All lines on /off "All on" means that all frames are shown, whereby "all off" means that only frame positions with changing frame spaces are shown.
1.6.
In this section, the frame table for the Y- and Z-direction is described. The names of the longitudinal frames can be used as references in the description of transverse and longitudinal members. The longitudinal frames are horizontal or vertical lines in a transverse section of the vessel.
50 General
of frame names. With the all lines on command, you can see the names of the generated frames. No Number of Longitudinals for example No=3 for a Name L_4 generates the Frames L_4, L_5 and L_6 Spacing to the next frame Y-coordinate of the longitudinal frame. If this value is given, the field for the Z-coordinate must be left empty. Z-coordinate of the longitudinal frame. If this value is given, the field for the Y-coordinate must be left empty. Frame position in longitudinal direction. Type of input field: list-box. Area of validity of the sectionals geometry in the ships longitudinal direction: Type of input field: list-box. Symmetry entry
Additional Commands
All lines on /off sets the mode for display of all frames (also the generated ones) to on or off.
1.7.
Toe Table
In this section the definitions of toes are described. The toe data can be imported/exported via the File Menu. The toes can be referenced in section 3.1.6.
General 51
height of toe height of toe at start of flange length of toe with radius length between toe with radius and begin of flange radius of toe width of flange angle of flange Toes are only considered for the fine-mesh FE-calculations
1.8.
Hold Arrangement
In this section the longitudinal extension of the cargo holds can be described. The number of holds has to be entered in 1.1.2.
The masses entered in the following fields are used in grid 4.3.3 and in the wizard "Create Heavy Cargo Hold" that can be found in grid 4.1. MH MHD MBLK Cargo mass at maximum draught in homogenous loading condition for this hold. Maximum cargo mass in alternate loading condition for this hold. Maximum cargo mass in block loading condition for this hold.
1.9.
not used
52 General
Collar-plate pos. 1
General 53
Additional Commands
Preview Preview slots with a specific profile. By pressing the Preview button in the toolbar additional columns can be displayed. These can be used to preview the slots with specific profiles (although they still can be assigned to different profiles). When no values are entered or if these columns are not displayed, default profiles are used in the preview. The profiles entered in this way are used exclusively for the preview - the values are not saved with the rest of the grid and are reset to default whenever the columns are no longer displayed.
54 General
Explanation of the input/output fields Id No. Item Frame No. Start Frame No. End Spacing End connection End connection aft End connection fwd Slot Trans.Member Mat Trans.Member t Note: Identification number for this series optional description Frame No., which defines the start of the first end connection assigned to the longitudinal stiffener Frame No., which defines the end of the last end connection assigned to the longitudinal stiffener Series of spacing in the X-Direction Identification number of end connection at frame number (for CSR Tanker or Bulker only) Identification number of end connection at aft position of frame number to be investigated (for GL Rules only) Identification number of end connection at forward position of frame number to be investigated (for GL Rules only) Identification number of slot (for GL Rules only) Material number of transverse member as floor or web plate) (for GL Rules only) Thickness number of transverse member as floor or web plate (for GL Rules only)
If the data of Trans.Member Mat and Trans.Member t are given, the connection between transverse support member and intersecting longitudinal (see GL Rules Section 9.B.4) can be calculated without transverse members defined in POSEIDON.
In case of CSR Tanker and Bulker the definition of the end connection contain the aft and forward part already (see example below).
General 55
Id No. Item Frame No. Start Frame No. End Spacing End connection aft Slot
Identification number for this series optional description Frame No., which defines the start frame of the end connection assigned to the longitudinal stiffener Frame No., which defines the end frame of the end connection assigned to the longitudinal stiffener Series of spacing in the X-Direction Identification number of the end connection Identification number of the slot
56 General
The direction of the cutouts flange on the plate is to be defined by the parameter ML. In the case that the flange is symmetrical to the plate the option <B> is to be used. In the case that the flange is on one side of the plate only, the orientation has to be defined with the ucoordinate of the local coordinate system. A positive u-coordinate means that the flange will be arranged on the plate in the positive direction in the local coordinate system and vice versa. The cutout contours can be displayed in a transverse or longitudinal view. The data can be ex-/ imported via the File Menu, select as ASCII file. Standard cutouts for transverse and longitudinal members can be created by the wizard command and may be modified later if necessary.
Flange: ML Listbox for the direction of the flange on the plate <B> flange is oriented symmetrically in + and - udirection on the plate <+> flange is oriented in positive u-direction on the plate <-> flange is oriented in negative u-direction on the plate <Auto> same input as before List-box for the material number. The list-box shows the complete material table. Breadth of the flange (mm) Thickness of the flange (mm)
Mat. b t
Additional Commands
Create Standard Cutouts Wizard command for defining standard cutouts (see below Fig. Type of cutouts for transverse members)
58 General
ML
Listbox for the direction of the flange on the plate <B> flange is oriented symmetrically in +/- u-direction on the plate <+> flange is oriented in positive u-direction on the plate <-> flange is oriented in negative u-direction on the plate <Auto> same input as before List-box for the material number. The list-box shows the complete material table.
Mat
General 59
2.
2.1.
General
The main purpose of the wizard for typical ship structures is to describe relatively complex cross-sections with just a few characteristic parameters. With the Wizards help ships of different structural types can be described quickly, easily and comfortably. Although the wizard may not cover the specific case completely, it can save a considerable amount of set-up time by providing a solid basis for detailed modifications later. Note: For many parameters, it is possible to enter a name of a longitudinal from the frame table instead of coordinates. For this, the Frame Table must be described before using the wizard. it provides immediate graphical feedback on user interactions, it ensures better model quality by immediately performing consistency checks, and it guides a less experienced user by providing reasonable default values based on the main particulars of the ship and GLs Construction rules.
You can benefit in various respects from the use of the wizard, because
Currently only transverse framed sections are supported by the wizard. The use of the wizard requires only that you predefine principal dimensions including the ship type and the frame table. Upon starting you can select the ship type from a popup menu, which is most suitable for your purposes. The following ship types are supported now: Container Ship Bulk Carrier Tanker
Usually the chosen type will match the ship type specified in the principal dimension section, however any Wizard can be selected. The wizard is represented by a modal window, which means that you have to close the window before you can continue to work in any other Window of POSEIDON. The Wizard window has an input area on the left and a graphical output area on the right side. While the input area is used to edit parameter values, the cross-section corresponding to these actual parameter values is shown on the output area. The graphical output is updated immediately if any of the parameters changes. This visual control enables the user to study the behavior of certain design parameters and makes his work more efficient. All parameters are assigned default values when the wizard is started. At any time, it is possible to return to these defaults by pressing the <RESET> button. To change the value of a parameter, simply place the cursor in the corresponding input field and type a new value. To get the default value of this input field, press first the <Del> key to delete the current value and then press the <RETURN> key. Alternatively, the <TAB> key can be used for navigation between input fields. The input area is divided into sub-areas. One of them, called General Data, contains all specific parameters for the selected ship type, e.g. number of Containers in Y-/ Z-Direction for Container Ship. Another sub-area called Structure holds parameters independent of the ship type. Finally, information about materials, usually in the form of material code numbers are given in the third sub-area Material Numbers. A complete description is generated by pressing the <OK> button. All parameter values are saved for editing later. The wizard creates the following descriptions: Topological and geometrical data (See section 3.1.1). Longitudinal members with plate arrangements, longitudinal stiffeners and cutouts (section 3.1.2, 3.1.3, 3.1.4). Transverse stiffeners on longitudinal members (See section 3.1.5). Transverse girders on longitudinal members (See section 3.1.6). POSEIDON User Manual
Topological descriptions of closed cells (See section 3.2). Transverse floors and web plates with stiffeners and cutouts (See section 3.2.2). Tank loads (See also section 4.2). Still water bending moments (See section 5.3).
Type of Prof.
Spacing of Floors
Horizontal:
Low. Flg. Plates/Prof. Betw. Flgs Plates/Prof. Upp. Flg. Plates and Prof.
Further Options
Show Tanks If this option is active, all tanks generated by the wizard are displayed using different colors. Switching off this option removes the representation of tanks. If this option is active, all transverse Members will be located on the port side with symmetry designation (P+S).
Buttons
Either a mouse-click or a shortcut, by pressing the <Alt> key together with the letter highlighted in the corresponding button, can activate each button. Show OK Update the graphical output according to the actual parameter settings. (This is already done by default). Close the wizard and adopt all parameter settings. You have to confirm, that all data previously generated (outside the wizard) will be lost. On confirmation, all input data for the cross section will be calculated. Close the wizard without any action. Set all parameters back to default values. Send the main window to the printer (hard copy). Displays online help text on the screen.
2.1.1.
Container Ship
Longitudinal girders, longitudinal bulkheads, decks and breadth of inner bottom are adjusted, if the number of containers is changed. Cont. Spacing Bay No.: C.o.G.X-Dir.: Innerbottom Height Horizontal spacing of containers [mm]. Identification number of the bay, needed for the generation of container loads. Centre of gravity of the bay from A.P. in [m]. Height of the inner bottom [mm]. Instead of a coordinate, the name of a longitudinal from the frame table 1.6 can be given also. Wizards for typical Ship Structures 63
If the shell bounds the inner bottom, an additional attribute may be entered here for the part between the longitudinal bulkhead and outer shell. - T The inner bottom part is stiffened transversely. - NWT The inner bottom part is non-watertight. - c<value> The inner bottom part has a cutout of the given size [mm]. Breadth Y-Coord. of Long. Bhds.: Breadth of the inner bottom [mm]. If the inner bottom is bounded by the shell, "S" shall be specified here. Y-coordinates of longitudinal bulkheads. Instead of coordinates, the name(s) of a longitudinal from the frame table 1.6 can be given also. If there is more than one bulkhead, then a list of values, separated by semicolon, has to be specified. Bilge radius [mm]. You may specify either a circular radius with a single value or an elliptic curve with two values (major and minor radii). In both cases, the bilge is tangent to the bottom and to the shell at the side. It is also possible to import the shape of the shell if it already exists in the geometry description. For this, enter a S (Shell) instead of a value. Description of a camber on the main deck [mm]. Y coordinate of the knuckle of the camber [mm]. Top of the coaming plate above baseline [mm]. Breadth of the coaming [mm].
Bilge Radius
2.1.2.
Bulk Carrier
at Shell Z
at Shell Z
Innerbottom Height
Breadth
Breadth of the inner bottom [mm]. If the inner bottom is bounded by the shell or the hopper tank, then "S" or "H" shall be specified respectively. "H" is the default value. Width of the hatch [mm]. Height of the hatch girder [mm]. This value is measured from the intersection between the shell and the main deck. The actual height of the hatch girder depends on the camber in the main deck. Bilge radius [mm]. You may specify either a circular radius with a single value or an elliptic curve with two values (major and minor radii). In both cases, the bilge is tangent to the bottom and to the shell at side. It is also possible to import the shape of the shell if it already exists in the geometry description. For this, enter a "S" (Shell) instead of a value. Y-coordinate of the inner hull [mm]. The field "End of horz. Wing at Shell Y" is set to Inner Hull automatically, if it was Shell before. Leave this field empty or enter N (for None), if there is no inner hull. Description of a camber on the main deck [mm]. Y-coordinate of the knuckle of the camber [mm]. Top of the coaming plate above baseline [mm]. Breadth of the coaming [mm].
Bilge Radius
Inner Hull at Y
2.1.3.
Tanker
An additional attribute may be entered here for the area between the longitudinal bulkhead and the shell. - T The inner bottom is stiffened transversely. - NWT The inner bottom is non-watertight. - c<value> The inner bottom has a cutout of size <value> [mm]. The default value, which appears on pressing the <RESET>-button is chosen in accordance with GL Construction Rules, Part I, Chapter 1, Sections 24.A.3.2.3 and 24.A.3.3.1. Breadth Breadth of the inner bottom [mm]. If the inner bottom is bounded by the shell or the inner hull, then S or I shall be specified respectively. The default value is I . The shell automatically bounds the inner bottom, if the bilge radius is smaller than the distance between inner hull and shell. Bilge radius [mm]. You may specify either a circular radius with a single value or an elliptic curve with two values (major and minor radii). In both cases, the bilge is tangent to the bottom and to the shell at side. It is also possible to import the shape of the shell if it already exists in the geometry description. For this enter a S (Shell) instead of a value. Within the bilge area no longitudinal stiffeners will be generated. Any change to this value leads to an automatic update of the following values: Innerbottom Breadth, Inner Hull at IB, Inn. Hull par. to side from Z, Deck and Stringer at Z, Y-Coord. of Long. Girders. Inner Hull Y at IB Y-coordinate, at which the inner hull starts at the inner bottom [mm]. Instead of a coordinate, the name of a longitudinal from the frame table 1.6 can be given also. Y-coordinate, at which the inner hull is parallel to the shell at side [mm]. The default value, which appears on pressing the <RESET> button, is chosen in accordance with GL Construction Rules, Part I, Chapter 1, Section 24.A.3.2.2. Y-coordinate, at which the inner hull is bounded by the main deck [mm]. Z-coordinate, at which the inner hull is next to the lowest stringer [mm]. Any change to this value leads to an automatic update of the lowest stringer into the input field Deck and Stringer at Z. Instead of coordinates, the name(s) of a longitudinal from the frame table 1.6 can be given also. Z-coordinate, at which the inner hull ends is next to the uppermost stringer [mm]. Any change to this value leads to an automatic update of the uppermost stringer into the input field Deck and Stringer at Z. Y-coordinate of longitudinal bulkheads. Instead of coordinates, the name(s) of a longitudinal from the frame table 1.6 can be given also. If there is more than one bulkhead, a list of values, separated by semicolon, has to be specified. You can specify the existence of bottom stools for the bulkhead at midship (at y=0) by using the following shortcuts: - SL Lower stool, - SL,SU Upper and lower stool. SU alone is not allowed! The length of the plates at the bottom stool is restricted to 3.0 m at maximum. The arrangement of these stool plates is always from bottom up. I.e. the first plate of the bottom stool is placed on the inner bottom; the first plate of the upper stool is placed on the top plate of this stool. If you specify bottom stools then all existing bulkheads will be corrugated. If there is no longitudinal bulkhead at all, please enter N (for None) here. Any change to a longitudinal bulkhead leads to an automatic update of the related input field Y-Coord. of Longitudinal Girders. 68 Wizards for typical Ship Structures POSEIDON User Manual
Bilge Radius
Y at par. to side
to Z
Long. Bhds. at Y
Swedge
If the longitudinal bulkheads specified in Long. Bhds. at Y shall be corrugated bulkheads, 4 values have to be entered (See section 3.2, Plate Arrangement, Attributes). If you delete the content of this field completely, default values will be provided taking also into account if a bottom stool has been specified. The plate width of corrugated bulkheads is set to 10.0 m at maximum. If there are no swedges on the longitudinal bulkheads, please enter N (for None).
Height of the transverse girders at main deck [mm]. If the transverse girder shall be generated on top of the main deck, an additional attribute "A" (for Above) has to be specified. In this case, the moulded line will be on the opposite side of the plate. Height of the transverse girders at the longitudinal bulkheads [mm]. Two brackets can be created at the longitudinal bulkhead at midship. Therefore, the letter B (Bracket) must be given additionally to the existing value. In this case, the transverse girder at deck must be given as girder that will placed below the deck. If there are no longitudinal bulkheads, please enter "N" (None). Description of a camber on the main deck [mm]. Two values can be entered. See following example. Y-coordinate(s) of the knuckle(s) of the camber [mm]. Two values can be entered. See following example.
at Long. Bhd.
3.
3.1.
Hull Structure
Longitudinal Members
In this program section, a geometric and topologic description of the ship transverse section can be given with the aid of functional elements. For example shell plating, inner bottom, weather deck, longitudinal girders, etc., including stiffeners and cutouts, as well as their assignment to the frames. In this manner, structural elements (called Functional Elements in the following) are created and held ready for the later sizing and finite element generation. Furthermore, closed cells are generated by POSEIDON and are used for the description of transverse members. The recording of measured scantlings to be taken into consideration during the sizing of the transverse section is likewise possible.
3.1.1.
Functional Elements
This program section serves to create, list, sort and visualize the functional elements in the ship longitudinal direction, such as shell plating, inner bottom, weather deck, longitudinal girders, etc. Descriptions of the functional elements are initially created geometrically, without any properties, except the relationship to other functional elements. The contour of the elements is described as a sequence of points and/or as a reference to other elements. The view is opened in "all lines off" mode, which means that only the functional elements are listed without the geometrical definition. The view can be sorted by "Frame No." or by "Func.Ele" by double-clicking the column header. The geometry definition for a functional element can be opened by double clicking the row header or with the command "all lines on/off", which opens the geometry definition for all functional elements. The geometry of the functional element is defined by a sequence of points and their connections. Straight lines and circular segments may be used as connections. If a functional element A butts up against a functional element B, the end point of A should not be given by a coordinate pair but rather by naming B and one coordinate which defines the position on B. If a point is described with the help of another functional element, the Shortcut of the second can be given. Limitations: The geometrie of the shell must be described by coordinates only. References to the longitudinal frame table or to other functional elements are not allowed. No contour may be described crossing the symmetry line at Y=0 (centreline). Instead, all contours must lie on either port or starboard side. The description for functional elements, which cross the centreline (like the Shell), must be separated into a port and a starboard description, each starting at centreline. It is not allowed that two functional elements have more than one intersection point on either port or starboard side. A connection of two functional elements is automatically used as a support for both functional elements, independent of the angle between them. For the correct generation of FE models, a functional element should have the same name at all frame numbers. (e.g. if a deck is called DK_5 at frame 80 it should be called DK_5 at each other frame number, where the geometry of that deck is defined. A functional element with a gap at a frame number should be described with two different functional elements, one with attribute "Forward" and one with "Aft" at that frame number. (e.g. if a deck is from frame 40 to 80 at Z= 5000 and from frame 80 to 90 at Z=6000 than there is a gap at frame 80)
Hull Structure 71
Note:
Shortcuts must be in upper case, the first character must not be a numeric character and not a dot and shortcuts must not contain the characters , ; : - + A explanatory description as a text can be entered in order to comment on, for example, a longitudinal bulkhead. When using the same description in all lines of the same functional element (called unique description), this field is also shown in combo-boxes for the selection of functional elements (better overview). There is a command in the context menu (right click) to make the description unique and another command to output all functional elements with the unique description in the Info view, ready for copy and paste if wanted. Frame No. or position in the ship longitudinal direction. List-Box. Area of validity of the sectional geometry in the ship longitudinal direction: empty the geometric information is valid only at this frame. - F: the geometric information is also valid for frames located further forward.
Description
72 Hull Structure
A: F+A:
the geometric information is also valid for frames located further aft. the geometric information is also valid for frames located further forward and further aft and can be used for interpolation.
Sym.
The following columns are only shown when a functional element is opened
Point No. Y, Z Numbering of the input points and rows. This field can not be altered. Coordinates of the points on the functional element. The alternative entries are: - <value> Input of absolute coordinates. <funct. element> [<offset>] Intersection of the geometry with the functional element. An offset can be given additionally. The offset will be added directly to the coordinate, when the functional element has a constant coordinate, e.g. as a longitudinal frame. Otherwise the intersection point is calculated first, and the offset is added to the calculated intersection point. In this case no direct connection to the functional element is given! <empty field> A field may be left empty when the coordinate is the same as in the preceding row. BEGIN+<offset> END-<offset> If a functional element is given in column Y, the keyword "BEGIN" or "END" can be given in column Z, which means that the start- respectively endpoint of the element given in column Y is used. An additional offset in the direction of the functional element can be entered. But note that BEGIN- and END+ is not allowed.
If a point can be defined by referencing a functional element, the name of the functional element should be entered. This approach is necessary for the generation and for the later subdivision during the sizing and for the thickness adjustment. Example: A deck is limited in the Y direction by the functional elements SHELL and LB_2 (Longitudinal bulkhead 2, which, of course, has to be geometrically described). For this, only the entry of one Z coordinate is necessary. The y coordinates are automatically generated by POSEIDON and, if appropriate, corrected by the plate thickness. LT List-box. Line type for the connection of two points. The type of the connection of the current point with the next point (in the next input row) is described. The alternative entries are: - 1 for straight lines - 2 for circular segments - 3 connect the points along the Functional Element named in this row and the next row. This type of connection is important for the connection of two functional elements especially for the generation of FE-models. - 7 no geometry is defined between to the next point. This allows the description of gaps. The orientation, which is given here, has to agree with the orientation of the plate description in the section Hull Structure, Longitudinal Members: Plate/Stiffener Arrangements. POSEIDON interpolates geometric information between frames. If, for example, Frame No. 100 is described and the functional elements are labelled with the attribute F or F+A and those of Frame
Note:
Hull Structure 73
No. 130 with the attribute A or F+A, then interpolations can be made with this geometric information at the frames between.
Additional Commands
All lines on /off All on means that the geometry information for all functional elements is shown, whereby with all off only the functional elements are shown. Corrects the flat of side and bottom line of the shell
Automatic Correction
3.1.2.
Plate Arrangements
In this section, the plates of the longitudinal members are described. It is recommended to describe for several frames the plate arrangements from aft to forward. Note: All plates of a functional element have to be located one after the other and the plate direction has to agree with the direction of the geometry. A red box inside the preview and table indicates overlapped regions of plates. Plates are automatically truncated when they exceed the geometry description; respectively ignored when they are completely outside of the geometry description.
Z= <value>
Z-coordinate in mm.
<Funct. Element>[ <offset>] The program seeks out an intersection with the functional element. An offset, which is used as a developed length, can be given additionally. <empty field> A field may be left empty for the second row, when the description at X-End is the same as in the preceding row for X-Start.
Y-Z End
Combo-box as for Start of Plate. Additional alternative: - B=<value> <value> = Entry for the plate width in mm Example: B=1800
Note: M.Line
The description of the plate for Y-Z End (Y-Z Start) must have the same definition type at X-Start and X-End, e.g.: B=2500 (X-Start) and B=3000 (X-End). List-box, which defines the moulded line - Right Moulded line is located on the right side of the plate (as seen from the start of the plate). - Left Moulded line is located on the left side of the plate (as seen from the start of the plate). Plate thickness [mm]. Leave this field empty if POSEIDON should calculate the plate thickness. This value is determined as a function of the neighbouring compartments and will be show in this column after the FE-model generation. It shows the full corrosion addition for the plate as it is used for the FE model. The value is the maximum of the required values over the longitudinal extension of the plate. List-box for the symmetry designation. List-box. A unique number identifies the material. The list-box shows the complete material table. Dialog-box for the sizing criteria. See also Definition of Design Criteria.
t tc
The later dimensions according to GL Construction Rules are influenced by these criteria, this means, the choice of the appropriate calculation formulas, etc. Dialog-box. The given attributes serve to further describe a plate, in particular with respect to the behaviour during sizing. The attributes of a plate are superimposed on all stiffeners that are located on this plate. The following attributes are supported at this time and can be selected in the dialog-box:
Hull Structure 75
Explanation of the input fields (dialog box) Corrugated bulkhead - CV<e>*<b>*<d>*<c> Vertical corrugated plate. Vertical corrugated plates have, on account of the corrugations, no influence on the bending strength in the ship longitudinal direction. For the values e, b, d, see the illustration or GL Construction Rules, Part I, Chapter 1, Section 11. The value c gives the distance to the first corrugation (it can also be negative). Horizontal corrugated plate. Horizontal corrugated bulkheads have, on account of the corrugations, no influence on the shear distribution. For the values e, b, d, see the illustration or GL Construction Rules, Part I, Chapter 1, Section 11. The value c gives the distance to the first corrugation (it can also be negative). The default value is <empty>. The numbers of corrugations will be calculated by the program. Alternatively a digit can be given. This digit describes the number of corrugation on the distance. A half corrugation will be described by the digit .5. type of plate between the web plates of the corrugation: - shedder plate - gusset plate connection of the shedder/gusset plate with the lower stool -F The shedder/gusset plate is connected with the lower stool at the forward end of the shelf plate. -A The shedder/gusset plate is connected with the lower stool at the aft end of the shelf plate. vertical part of the gusset plate. In case of a shedder plate this value will be taken as distance to the shelf plate. Angle of shedder/gusset plate POSEIDON User Manual
- CH<e>*<b>*<d>*<c>
- No of corr.
- F/A
-t - Mat. - F/A
thickness of shedder/gusset plate material number of the shedder/gusset plate connection of carling with the upper stool -F The carling is connected with the upper stool at the forward end of the shelf plate. -A The carling is connected with the upper stool at the aft end of the shelf plate. <Empty> No carling Series of heights in z-direction separated by semicolons If the number of heights input is less than the number of corrugations, the last input height is used for all remaining carlings. Set height to 0 for a single corrugation without carling thickness of carling material number of carling The member is full effective for bending and shear. Non-effective resisting shear. The member has no influence on the vertical shear distribution Non-effective resisting bending. The member has no influence on the bending strength in the ship longitudinal direction. Non effective resisting shear and bending. A combination of NES and NEB. Ignore member during rules check. This attribute is valid for thin plates (t<=2.5mm) only. A plate with this attribute will be used inside the cross-section calculation (for the consideration of closed cells and connected members) but the plate will not get a req. thickness by the rules check command.
-h
-t - Mat. Hull girder bending - Full Effective - NES - NEB - NEX Rules check - Ignore
- dx - dyz - Actual DC
unsupported span in the longitudinal direction. The automatic search for this value is suppressed, if this value is given. unsupported span in the plane of the cross-section. The automatic search for this value is suppressed, if this value is given. actual detail category
Additional Commands
Set Material for the upper and lower Flange This command calculates first the position of the upper and lower flange and scans the cross-section for the used materials. The location of the flanges and the material of the flange respectively between the flanges can be changed. A material number 0 means that different materials are used. Copies members of the current frame to another frame. The command asks for the target Frame No. Also, the user can specify whether plates and/or profiles are to be copied. It is also possible to select functional elements out of a list box. Only the selected functional elements will be copied. This command is only available if no plates or stiffeners are given for the selected frame no. Using this command, you will get a standard generation for plates and profiles for all functional elements, which are defined at the current frame no. Use this command to sort the input lines so that all members of a functional element are located one after the other.
Copy
Geom. to struct.
Sort.
Hull Structure 77
Use this command to filter functional elements. The filtered elements are not displayed in the list and not plotted in the preview. Generates standardized Items for all members, all members of the active table or for all members of a functional element of the actual table. These names get automatically serially numbers and special plates like keel are identified.
Note:
3.1.3.
In this section, the longitudinal stiffeners are listed for the individual functional elements. The stiffeners are attached to functional elements and not to individual plates. For the sizing process, Poseidon searches for the plate on which the stiffener is located. All design criteria of that plate are automatically used for the stiffener. All stiffeners of a functional element have to be located one after the other and the spacing direction has to agree with the direction of the geometry. Note: If stiffeners on floors or on transverse web plates are connected to longitudinal stiffener, the end connection has to be given in section 3.2.2
<Funct. Element>[ <offset>] First stiffener at the intersection of the functional element it belongs to with the here given functional element. An offset, POSEIDON User Manual
78 Hull Structure
which is used as a developed length, can be given additionally. AUTO [ <offset>] First stiffener at the position of the last stiffener from the previous row. An offset, which is used as a developed length, can be given additionally. A field may be left empty for the second row, when the description at X-End is the same as in the preceding row for X-Start.
<empty field>
If no offset is given, the stiffener spacing (a) of the current row is used as <offset>. If AUTO is given in the first row of a functional element, the program corrects it to BEGIN. Same as before for the endpoint of the stiffener. Instead of the keyword BEGIN the keyword END can be given. Also possible: - n= <n> Number of stiffeners - ?<id> assign a ? followed by an identifier <id> to a stiffener. This is useful for the pre-processor to connect a stiffener with a stiffener described at a different frame range with the same identifier. This description mode is possible only if one stiffener is described by this line. Frame No., which defines the start of the stiffener in the longitudinal direction of the ship. Frame No., which defines the end of the stiffener in the longitudinal direction of the ship. If decks or girders are located close enough (spacing <1/4 of the stiffener spacing) to a stiffener and the angle to the plate differs not more than 70, they replace the stiffener Spacing between the stiffeners. For the scantling calculation POSEIDON calculates the spacing from the structure, as long as n>1 or a=0. The alternative inputs are: - <value> Entry of an absolute value in mm. - n= <n> n stiffeners from Start of Spacing to End of Spacing with constant spacing - a Generates a stiffener on each longitudinal frame from the "frame table y-z direction". For this, "Start of Spacing" and "End of Spacing" must be described with longitudinal frame names from the "frame table y-z direction". - F=<f> Generates one stiffener between y-z start and yz end, whereby <f> is the factor for the distance between y-z start and y-z end. - dy=<value> spacing given as an absolute value in mm in Ydirection - dz=<value> spacing given as an absolute value in mm in Zdirection
Note: n= may only be given when End of Spacing has not already been defined with n=. l unsupported length (in mm) in the ship longitudinal direction. POSEIDON normally calculates this value. It should be set only, when no transverse members are defined. List-box for the definition of the moulded line. - MF On moulded side; view on front. At the moulded line of the plate; looking from the start of the functional element, the front (bulge) side of the profile is visible
M.Line
Hull Structure 79
MR
OF
OR
On moulded side; view on rear. At the moulded line of the plate; looking from the start of the functional element, the backside of the profile is visible On opposite side; view on front. At the opposite side of the plate; looking from the start of the functional element, the front (bulge) side of the profile is visible On opposite side; view on rear. At the opposite side of the plate; looking from the start of the functional element, the backside of the profile is visible
Rot.
The input alternatives are: - R <Value> Specifies the relative angle between the plate and the stiffener in degrees, with <Value> of 0 to 180 degrees. For example R90 (see illustration above) - <Value> Specifies an absolute angle of the profile in the Y-Z coordinate system, with <Value> of 0 to 360 degrees. (see illustration below) List-box. A unique number identifies the material. The list-box shows the complete material table. List-box for the symmetry designation. The symmetry designation of the stiffeners has to correspond to that of the plate. If, however, a plate is located at P+S, the stiffener can be located at S, at P or at P+S.
Mat. Sym.
Profile definition. This value is determined as a function of the compartment and will be shown in this column after the FE-model generation. It shows the full corrosion addition for the plate as it is used for the FE model. The value is the maximum of the required values over the longitudinal extension of the stiffener.
80 Hull Structure
Attributes
Dialog-box
. Attributes serve to further describe stiffeners, in particular in respect to the behavior during sizing. At this time, a stiffener can have only one attribute. The following attributes are supported at this time: - NES (non-effective shear) The member has no influence on the vertical shear distribution. - NEB (non-effective bending) The member has no influence on the bending strength in the ship longitudinal direction. - NEX (non effective shear and bending) A combination of NES and NEB - Lk= length of end connection (Will be used only if no EC is given) - ID No of Slot Type A reference to the table of slots. - EC= Identification number of the End Connection (see 1.4) at the start and end of stiffeners length - DF= web height of primary member supporting the stiffeners if deflection between two primary members are to be considered in the fatigue analysis of the stiffeners (see 5.6.3) - C Struts are fitted between shell and innerbottom longitudinals at the half span. - DC= actual detail category of end connection at the start and end of stiffeners length - Ksp= default=0; means the value is automatically calculated acc section 3.L of GL Rules
Hull Structure 81
Ice Class
Examples:
Additional Commands
Same commands as for 3_1_2.
82 Hull Structure
3.1.4.
Cutout Arrangement
In this section the type and the location of cutouts are defined for functional elements. In each row a series of cutouts can be described. The description of cutouts is not limited to on cross section; instead it is possible to describe the cutouts for the complete functional element. In the column Contour Id No. a contour Id No. from table 1.12 can be given or the wizard for standard coutouts for longitudinal members can be selected. Type two (see Fig. Type of cutouts in 3.2.4) with one radius and without flange is the standard cutout for longitudinal members. The wizard creates a parameter string or a reference to he coutout contour table in 1.12. It is not necessary to create an entry in this table for standard cutouts. By right clicking in the input field the parameter string can be modified. Example for the parameter string: DV600 DW800 R300.
Note: First Frame No means always that frame number which is located nearer to the aft end of the ship.
Example: F=0.5 The cutout is on the longitudinal girder LG_2 which height is from z=0 to z=1800. The middle point of the cutout is at the half length (height) of the longitudinal girder LG_2, therefore, at z=900 mm Sym. List-box for the symmetry designation. The symmetry designation of the cutouts has to correspond with that of the plate. If, however, a plate is located at P+S, the cutout can be located at S, at P or at P+S. Contour Id No. Listbox for selecting the cutout contour <Id No.> cutout contour Id of table POSEIDON 1.12 <reate Cutout> This command activates the wizard for the standard longitudinal cutouts <Parameter String> The standard cutout for longitudinal members can be described by a parameter string.
Additional Commands
All lines on /off All on means that all cutouts are shown, whereby with all off only the cutouts, which are defined at the actual cross-section are shown.
3.1.5.
In this section, the transverse stiffeners are listed for the individual functional elements. The stiffeners are attached to functional elements and not to individual plates. For the sizing process Poseidon searches for the plate on which the stiffener is located. All design criteria of that plate are automatically used for the stiffener. Note: A stiffener will automatically be skipped at a longitudinal position where web frames or plates are positioned. If the stiffeners are supported by longitudinal functional elements, the connection has to be described by using this functional element at "y-z Start" and "y-z End"
84 Hull Structure
This field can be used for further description. Series of spacing in the X-Direction First frame at which the stiffener is located. A stiffener is always located at this frame, irrespective of the entries in Locations. Last frame at which the stiffener is located. A stiffener is always located at this frame, irrespective of the entries in Locations.
Note: First Frame No means always that frame number which is nearer to the aft end of the ship located Y-Z Start Combo-box for the position of the first stiffener. The alternative inputs are: - y= <value> Y-coordinate in mm. - z= <value> Z-coordinate in mm. BEGIN [ <offset>] The stiffener begins at the initial point of the functional element it belongs to. An offset, which is used as a developed length, can be given additionally. The stiffener begins where the previous stiffener ends.
AUTO
<Funct. Element> [ <offset>] The stiffener begins at the intersection of the functional element it belongs to, with the here given functional element. An offset, which is used as a developed length, can be given additionally. <Funct. Element> WEB: As before, whereby the offset is calculated out of the web height of the transverse girder or stiffener, which is located on the here given functional element.
Combo-box. Same as before for the endpoint of the stiffener. Instead of the keyword BEGIN the keyword END can be given. Dialog-box. Description of the bracket at the beginning of the stiffener
Auto
Hull Structure 85
S C
Sniped The stiffener is connected. The connection can be with: - a longitudinal stiffener, in this case the unsupported length of this stiffener as well as the unsupported length of the longitudinal will be reduced. - another transverse stiffener of this web plate which needs the Attribute H for this. - a cutout resp. with the flange of the cutout. - a longitudinal plate GL Bracket witout a flange icalculated acc. GL Rules. See also 1.3 EC <No> Bracket is used from table 1.4 for Mat, l, h, t see Fig. in dialog-box for explanation for bf, tf see Fig. in dialog-box for explanation
Same as above for the bracket at the end of the stiffener Profile definition. List-box for the definition of the moulded line: - MF (on moulded side; view on front) at the moulded line of the plate, looking from aft the front (bulge) side of the profile is visible - MR (on moulded side; view on rear) at the moulded line of the plate, looking from aft the backside of the profile is visible - OF (on opposite side; view on front) at the opposite side of the plate, looking from aft the front (bulge) side of the profile is visible - OR (on opposite side; view on rear) at the opposite side of the plate, looking from aft the backside of the profile is visible List-box. A unique number identifies the material. The list-box shows the complete material table. List-box for the symmetry designation. The symmetry designation of the stiffeners has to correspond to that of the plate. If, however, a plate is located at P+S, the stiffener can be located at S, at P or at P+S.
Mat. Sym.
Additional Commands
Automatic Correction All lines on /off Corrects a given lk to a bracket All on means that all stiffeners are shown, whereby with all off only the stiffeners, which are defined at the actual cross-section are shown.
3.1.6.
Transverse Girders
In this section, transverse girders and web frames are managed. The description is similar to the description of transverse stiffeners. If the dimensions at the beginning and the end of the member are different, they will be interpolated linearly in between.
86 Hull Structure
Hull Structure 87
ML MF
MR
OF
OR
Otherwise the orientation is vertical to the functional element. List-box for the definition of the moulded line: (on moulded side; view on front) at the moulded line of the plate, looking from aft the front (bulge) side of the profile is visible (on moulded side; view on rear) at the moulded line of the plate, looking from aft the backside of the profile is visible (on opposite side; view on front) at the opposite side of the plate, looking from aft the front (bulge) side of the profile is visible (on opposite side; view on rear) at the opposite side of the plate, looking from aft the backside of the profile is visible
See also 3.1.5. Combo-box for the description of the beginning of the girder. See also 3.1.5.
If several input lines describe a continuous girder the keyword "AUTO" must be given at "Start of Girder" for the second and all following lines. A support for the girder is given at "End of Girder" by using a reference to a functional element. First frame at which the girder is located. A girder is always located at this frame, irrespective of the entries in Spacing. Last frame at which the girder is located. A girder is always located at this frame, irrespective of the entries in Spacing.
First Frame No means always that frame number which is nearer to the aft end of the ship located Series of spacing in the X-Direction List-box. A unique number identifies the material. The list-box shows the complete material table. List-box for the symmetry designation. The symmetry designation of the girder has to correspond to that of the plate. If, however, a plate is located at P+S, the stiffener can be located at S, at P or at P+S.
Beginning height of web - <x> absolute value of the height [mm] If an FE is given for Y-Z start it is also possible to describe the height as follows: - HF=x <x> is measured on the FE given for Y-Z start - <FE>+-<x> Intersection of <FE> and the FE given for Y-Z start. The offset x is measured on the FE given for Y-Z start additionally. - BEGIN+<x> The offset <x> is measured from the start of the FE given for Y-Z start - END-<x> The offset <x> is measured from the end of the FE given for Y-Z start - Y=<x> Intersection of <x> as a Y-co-ordinate and the FE given for Y-Z start. - Z=<x> Intersection of <x> as a Z-co-ordinate and the FE given for Y-Z start
nd
Ending height of web. Same possibilities as for the beginning Beginning width of flange Ending width of flange POSEIDON User Manual
Thickness of web Thickness of flange Toe description at the beginning of the girder - <value> toe number of girder (as defined in toe table 1.7) - Auto the girder is connected to other girder if possible, otherwise the girder is sniped or has a flat end if not connected - Sniped the girder is sniped - connected not implemented yet (the girder is connected to another structural element Same as above at the end of the girder length of bracket height of bracket thickness of bracket
toe 2 lk hk t
nd
row
End Connection
st
Toe description at the beginning of the bracket at the beginning of the girder Same as above for the end of the bracket at the beginning of the girder Toe description at the beginning of the bracket at the end of the girder Same as above for the end of the bracket at the end of the girder breath of the bracket-flange. Same possibilities as for hWeb thickness of the bracket-flange Material number of the bracket Radius of the bracket
row row
toe 1 row
nd
st
The height of the bracket is used as a vertical height to the flange. For this, the edge of the bracket connected to the other functional element might be shorter or longer depending on the angle between flange and connected functional element.
Additional Commands
All lines on /off All on means that all girders are shown, whereby with all off only the girders, which are defined at the actual cross-section are shown.
Hull Structure 89
Replace Item
Generates standardized Items for all members, all members of the active table or for all members of a functional element of the actual table. These names get automatically serially numbers and special plates like keel are identified.
Note:
3.2.
This program section serves to create, list out, sort and visualize partial structures (cells) in the ship transverse direction, such as web plates, bulkheads, etc. Transverse Members are first described independent of the frame number and are later associated with particular frames. The transverse structures can later be referenced by their cell name, which has been chosen by the user. The structural definitions are stored for later sizing and finite element generation.
3.2.1.
Cells
Several longitudinal members geometrically limit a cell. The contour of a cell is described in relationship to functional elements. It can also extend over several geometrically enclosed ranges, for example, over the entire double bottom. For the plate arrangement, the cell contour determines the dimensions of the transverse member plates. The view is opened in "all lines off" mode, which means that for each cell only the definition line is shown. The geometry definition for a cell can be opened by double clicking the row header or with the command "all lines on/off", which opens the geometry definition for all cells. The geometry definition (contour of a cell) should be given by edges, additional points may be used for free contours. In the normal case, edges are described by functional elements; the intersections of the functional elements form the corner points of the contour. The abbreviations (Shortcuts) of the functional elements can be selected by double clicking on the list. It is also possible to directly describe some edges with coordinates instead of functional elements. This is always helpful when the cells are limited by edges, which are not longitudinal members. A description Y=<value> or Z=<value> internally creates a parallel to the Z or to the Y-axis as an edge.
example:
SHELL Y=5000.0 IB LG_0 results in the following cell:
IB Y=5000 SHELL LG_0
Apart from using edges, parts of the contour can also be given as a series of points, in which points must be defined by two coordinates or two functional elements.
example :
SHELL Y=5000.0 SHELL Y=4500.0 Z=500.0 Y=5000.0 IB IB LG_0 results in the following cell:
90 Hull Structure
IB LG_0 SHELL
Note:
Symmetric cells with an edge at Y=0 must be described as cells crossing the symmetry line, i.e. define them as one large cell instead of two symmetric small cells.
Note:
Description Sym.
Z= <coordinate>
Examples for edges (both columns are used): - Y= <coordinate> Z= <coordinate> G=<angle) An edge through the point Y,Z with the given angle Examples for points (both columns are used): - Y= <coordinate> Z= <coordinate> Definition of a point. - <Funct.El>[+<offset>] <Funct.El>[+<offset>] The intersection of the two functional elements describes the point. An offset for each coordinate at this point can be given additionally. It is also possible to give one functional element and one coordinate. - <Funct.El> Begin | End Either the end or the beginning of the functional element. Sym Location of an edge with respect to symmetry: - P Cell edges are located entirely on the port side. - S Cell edges are located entirely on the starboard side. - P, S Cell edges extend from the port side over the centreline to the starboard side. - S, P Cell edges extend from the starboard side over the line of symmetry to the port side. The edges of the cell have to form one closed contour without duplicated nodes or edges. As an example, only edges with P or an edge with P,S can follow an edge with P . Only an edge with S or with S,P can accordingly connect to an edge with P,S .
Note:
Additional Commands
All lines on Replace Item /off All off means that for each cell only the definition line is shown whereby with all on also the complete geometry description for all cells is shown. Generates standardized Items for all members, all members of the active table or for all members of a functional element of the actual table. These names get automatically serially numbers and special plates like keel are identified.
Note:
3.2.2.
Plates
92 Hull Structure
Item
Note:
If one plate of a transverse member is symmetrical, all plates of that transverse member must be symmetrical. Plates of a transverse member must also be described without gaps. A transverse member consists of all plates, which have the same name before the colon Combo-box for the name of a cell, which gives the geometry representation for this plate. Beginning of the frame range in which the transverse member is defined. End of the frame range in which the transverse member is defined. Series of spacing in the X-Direction Design Criteria: See also Definition of Design Criteria. Plate thickness in mm. Leave this field empty if the plate thickness shall be calculated by POSEIDON. List-box for moulded line. - Aft Moulded line is located rearwards in the ship longitudinal direction - Forward Moulded line is located forwards in the ship longitudinal direction List-box for the symmetry designation. The symmetry designation of the plate has to correspond to that of the cell. If, however, a cell is located at P+S, the plate can be located at S, at P or at P+S.
Sym.
Mat.
List-box. A unique number identifies the material. The list-box shows the complete material table.
Additional Commands
All lines on Copy Rename /off All on means that all plates are shown, whereby with all off only the plates, which are defined at the actual cross-section are shown. This command copies a plate or parts of it. It can be selected whether the stiffeners and holes and cut-outs should be copied also. Use this command to rename a Shortcut of the transverse member. The second identifier will be ignored. Place the cursor on the name you want to rename before. After the new name is given, all occurrences of the old name are changed to the new one. Generates standardized Items for all members, all members of the active table or for all members of a functional element of the actual table. These names get automatically serially numbers and special plates like keel are identified.
Replace Item
Hull Structure 93
Note:
3.2.3.
Stiffener Arrangement
94 Hull Structure
n M.Line
Number of additional stiffeners. List-box for the definition of the moulded line: - ML at the moulded line of the plate, the front (flange) side points towards left side. - MR at the moulded line of the plate, the front (flange) side points towards right side. - OL at the opposite side of the plate, the front (flange) side points towards left side. - OR at the opposite side of the plate, the front (flange) side points towards right side. Stiffener spacing in mm or in "a" Syntax, which generates a stiffener on each defined position as defined in 1.6. For this the frame table must be used at "Start of Stiffener" and "End of Stiffener" (constant in one column). Vertical or horizontal depends on stiffener orientation. List-box for the symmetry designation. The symmetry designation of the stiffener has to correspond to that of the transverse member plates. If, however, a plate is located at P+S, the stiffener can be located at S, at P or at P+S.
Sym.
Mat. Attr.
List-box. A unique number identifies the material. The list-box shows the complete material table. <Empty> Normal Stiffener H High-grade Stiffener. The attribute H must be if this stiffener shall be referenced by other stiffeners. Stiffeners with this attribute exist always inside the FE-model. If Attr H is given, n must be equal to 1 and Item must be unique and the characters "+","-",":"," " are not allowed
Note: Note:
If other plates are located close enough (spacing <1/4 of the stiffener spacing) to a stiffener which is arranged in accordance with n, they replace these and the stiffener is not generated. It is possible to copy coordinates from another stiffener in the preview to the current cell.For this select the stiffener in the preview, make a right mouse click and select the command Set current cell of table to from the context menu. Stiffeners within the FE-models are only generated if referring in the main direction to functional elements. Stiffeners which reference to absolute X- and Y-co-ordinates will be ignored. Gaps with respect to sniped stiffeners will be ignored in reasonable tolerances.
Note:
Additional Commands
All lines on Copy Rename /off All on means that all stiffeners are shown, whereby with all off only the girders, which are defined at the actual cross-section are shown. This command copies a plate or parts of it. It can be selected whether the stiffeners and holes and cut-outs should be copied also. Use this command to rename a Shortcut of the transverse member. The second identifier will be ignored. Place the cursor on the name you want to rename before. After the new name is given, all occurrences of the old name are changed to the new one. Generates standardized Items for all members, all members of the active table or for all members of a functional element of the actual table. These names get automatically serially numbers and special plates like keel are identified.
Replace Item
Note:
Hull Structure 95
3.2.4.
Cutout Arrangement
In this section the type and the location of cutouts are defined for transverse members. In the column Contour Id No. a contour Id No. from table 1.12 can be given or the wizard for standard coutouts for transverse members can be selected. The standard cutouts are according to Fig. Type of cutouts in this section. The wizard creates a parameter string or an entry in the cutout contour table POSEIDON 1.12. It is not necessary to create an entry in this table for standard cutouts. By right clicking in the input field the parameter string can be modified. Example for the parameter string: DV2800 DW3000 R800;800;800;800 F100*11,0;100*12,0;100*13,0;100*14,0 MLB MNO1
Sym.
96 Hull Structure
R1
0
R2
0
R3
0
R4
0
Hull Structure 97
R1
1
R2
0
R3
1
R4
1
98 Hull Structure
Additional Commands
All lines on Copy Rename /off All on means that all cutouts are shown, whereby with all off only the cutouts, which are defined at the actual cross-section are shown. This command copies a plate or parts of it. It can be selected whether the stiffeners and holes and cut-outs should be copied also. Use this command to rename a Shortcut of the transverse member. The second identifier will be ignored. Place the cursor on the name you want to rename before. After the new name is given, all occurrences of the old name are changed to the new one. Generates standardized Items for all members, all members of the active table or for all members of a functional element of the actual table. These names get automatically serially numbers and special plates like keel are identified.
Replace Item
Note:
3.2.5.
In this section Stanchions and struts can be defined. The definition is used for the FE-model only.
Hull Structure 99
SP = B H t
global x-Direction
H = H t1 B t2
t2 H B
global x-Direction t1
I = H t1 B t2
t2 t1
global x-Direction
Beginning of the frame range in which the transverse member is defined. End of the frame range in which the transverse member is defined. Series of spacing in the X-Direction ( Design Criteria, under development). Two Combo-boxes for the position of the first stiffener. The first cell is for the description of the Y-coordinate and the second cell is for the Z-coordinate. The alternative inputs are: - <value> | <value> absolute values for y and z in mm. - <Funct. El.>+<value> <Funct. El.>+<value> Intersection point of the given functional elements. An offset can be given for both coordinates. This offset is added after the intersection is calculated. A combination with absolute coordinates is possible. <Funct. Element> WEB: As before, whereby the offset is calculated out of the web height of the transverse girder, which is located on the here given functional element.
End of the 1st stiffener of this input line. Syntax as described above. See description for End Connection in 3.1.5 List-box for the symmetry designation. The symmetry designation of the stiffener has to correspond to that of the transverse member plates. If, however, a plate is located at P+S, the stiffener can be located at S, at P or at P+S.
Mat.
List-box. A unique number identifies the material. The list-box shows the complete material table.
3.3.
3.3.1.
Transverse Bulkheads
Bulkhead Overview
In this section, Bulkheads can be defined. A bulkhead is described by the assignment of one or more functional elements. In addition, the bulkheads are assigned to frame numbers. It is possible to subdivide a cell into several plates with different thickness. For a more complicated design, it is possible to subdivide the cells itself into several cells. Plates can be plane or corrugated. Stiffeners and girders are attached to functional elements. Cells can be assigned to one or more functional elements. Functional elements are assigned in the same way to one or more Bulkheads.
Limitations: -
The following limitations exist for the current version of POSEIDON: only one Bulkhead is allowed at a frame number. no Cutouts can be assigned to Bulkheads. butts inside a cell must not cross vertices of a cell. butts on a cell edge are not allowed. butts with more than two intersection points with the cell are not allowed. girders can be attached to vertical functional elements only.. girders which are composed out of several parts should have the same item and be continued with "Auto".
Additional Commands
Copy This command copies a bulkhead or parts of it. If the same shortcut is used for the target bulkhead, only a new reference is generated. If a new shortcut is given for the target bulkhead a new bulkhead will be generated and all members of the source bulkhead are copied (plates, stiffeners and girders) to the new bulkhead. Use this command to rename a bulkhead, a functional element or a cell. Place the cursor on the name you want to rename before. After the new name is given, all occurrences of the old name are changed to the new one. Use this command to delete all members which are not referenced by the bulkheads..
Rename
3.3.2.
Geometry of Cells
In this section, all cells for bulkheads are shown. The view is opened in "all lines off" mode, which means that only the names are listed. The geometry definition for a cell can be opened by double clicking the row header or with the command "all lines on/off", which opens the geometry definition for all cells. The x-values are relative to the reference-value of the bulkhead to which the cell is attached. Note: The edges of the cell have to form one closed contour without duplicated nodes or edges.
Z Line Type
Additional Commands
Rename Use this command to rename a bulkhead, a functional element or a cell. Place the cursor on the name you want to rename before. After the new name is given, all occurrences of the old name are changed to the new one. /off All off means that for each cell only the definition line is shown whereby with all on also the complete geometry description for all cells is shown. This command copies a complete transverse member.
3.3.3.
Plate Arrangement
This is the section for the description of all bulkhead plates. The plates are located on cells. Horizontal or vertical butts can subdivide a cell. For more general information and limitations see also 3.3.1
Y-Z End
X-Rel.Start
The value for the start of the plate can be given as follows: - Begin + <value> The program takes the minimal X value from the definition of the cell. An additional offset in the Xdirection can be given. - End + <value> The program takes the maxiimal X value from the definition of the cell. An additional offset in the Xdirection can be given. - <value> Distance of the point in X-direction from the reference-point of the bulkhead. The value must be given in [mm] or as a, <n>a or a/<n> syntax. Same as above for the end of plate.
X-Rel.End Note: ML
Use Begin and End in X-Rel.Start and X-Rel.End if the plate is at one X-Position only. List-box, which defines the moulded line: - Aft Moulded line is located astern in the ship longitudinal direction. - Forw. Moulded line is located forward in the ship longitudinal direction. minimum thickness of material in [mm], given by the user. List-box for the symmetry designation. List-box. A unique number identifies the material. The list-box shows the complete material table. Dialog-box for the sizing criteria. See also Definition of Design Criteria. Dialog-box. The given attributes serve to further describe a plate.
Additional Commands
Rename Use this command to rename a bulkhead, a functional element or a cell. Place the cursor on the name you want to rename before. After the new name is given, all occurrences of the old name are changed to the new one. Generates standardized Items for all members, all members of the active table or for all members of a functional element of the actual table. These names get automatically serially numbers and special plates like keel are identified.
Replace Item
Note:
3.3.4.
Stiffener Arrangement
X-Rel.End
Note: The descriptions of stiffeners on bulkheads differ according to the orientation of the plate and the direction of the stiffener Stiffeners on transverse plates are defined by the start and end point in the YZ-plane. The input for these points can be given in <Y-Z Start> and <Y-Z End>. The data <X-Rel. Start> and <X-Rel. End> must be empty. Longitudinal stiffeners on longitudinal plates (e.g. shelf plate) are defined by a intersection between the plate and either a y-coordinate, a z-coordinate or another functional element. The input for this coordinate can be given in <Y-Z Start> and <Y-Z End>. The data <X-Rel. Start> and <X-Rel. End> must be empty. Transverse stiffeners on longitudinal plates are defined by a line on the plate at a x-coordinate. The start and end point of this line can be given either as a Y-coordinate or Z-coordinate in <Y-Z Start> and <Y-Z End>. The position in longitudinal direction of the stiffener can be given in <X-Rel. Start> and <X-Rel. End>. Additionally: n is the number of stiffeners between X-Rel.Start and X-Rel.End (a is unused) the stiffener is orthogonal to the plate End Connection n M.Line See description for End Connection in 3.1.5 Number of additional stiffeners. List-box for the definition of the moulded line: ML at the moulded line of the plate, the front (flange) side points towards left side. MR at the moulded line of the plate, the front (flange) side points towards right side. OL at the opposite side of the plate, the front (flange) side points towards left side.
OR at the opposite side of the plate, the front (flange) side points towards right side.
Stiffener spacing in mm or in "a" Syntax, which generates a stiffener on each defined position as defined in 1.6. For this the frame table must be used at "Start of Stiffener" and "End of Stiffener" (constant in one column). Vertical or horizontal depends on stiffener orientation. List-box for the symmetry designation. The symmetry designation of the stiffener has to correspond to that of the bulkhead plates. If, however, the plate is located on P+S, the stiffener can be located on S, at P or on P+S. P On the port side S On the starboard side P+S Symmetric on both sides List-box. A unique number identifies the material. The list-box shows the complete material table. For the FE-model generation, stiffeners are only considered when they are connected to a longitudinal functional element with a gap below 150 mm.
Sym.
Mat. Note:
Additional Commands
Rename Use this command to rename a bulkhead, a functional element or a cell. Place the cursor on the name you want to rename before. After the new name is given, all occurrences of the old name are changed to the new one. Generates standardized Items for all members, all members of the active table or for all members of a functional element of the actual table. These names get automatically serially numbers and special plates like keel are identified.
Replace Item
Note:
3.3.5.
This program section can be used to enter the stringers and girders on bulkheads.
Girder which consist of several parts must have the same functional element name and the same item. Each part following the first part must begin with Auto for start of girder. Use a new item for a new girder. POSEIDON User Manual
Item: Attributes:
An optional description may be entered. Dialog-box. The given attributes serve to further describe the girder. - L-beam (a web with one flange. The orientation of the flange is to bottom respectively to the outer side. - H-beam (a web with a flange on each side. The orientation of the flange is to bottom respectively to the outer side. - T-beam (a web with one centred flange. The orientation of the flange is to bottom respectively to the outer side. Stiffeners and Cutouts at Webs - Mark Check-box for attaching a row to a girder - No. Identification number - c Distance of the first stiffener or centre of cutout from: the functional element (parallel) start of girder (not parallel) - a Spacing between stiffeners or centre of cutouts - n Number of stiffeners or cutouts - Parallel Check-box, if marked the stiffeners are parallel to the functional element the girder is attached to. Otherwise the orientation is vertical to the functional element. - ML List-box for the definition of the moulded line: - MF (on moulded side; view on front) at the moulded line of the plate, looking from aft the front (bulge) side of the profile is visible - MR (on moulded side; view on rear) at the moulded line of the plate, looking from aft the backside of the profile is visible - OF (on opposite side; view on front) at the opposite side of the plate, looking from aft the front (bulge) side of the profile is visible - OR (on opposite side; view on rear) at the opposite side of the plate, looking from aft the backside of the profile is visible Type and Dimensions Profile or cutout definition (O for cutout) List-box for the definition of the moulded line: - FR X-Direction of the girder is located forward in the ship longitudinal direction, the front (flange) side points right. - FL X-Direction of the girder is located forward in the ship longitudinal direction, the front (flange) side points left. - AR X-Direction of the girder is located astern in the ship longitudinal direction, the front (flange) side points right. - AL X-Direction of the girder is located astern in the ship longitudinal direction, the front (flange) side points left. Combo-box for the beginning of the girder. The alternative inputs are: - y=<value> z=<value> Entry of an absolute value for y and z in mm. - <Funct. El.>+<value> <Funct. El.>+<value> POSEIDON calculates the intersection point of the given functional elements. An offset can be given for both coordinates. This offset is added after the intersection is calculated. A combination with absolute coordinates is possible.
ML:
Y-Z Start:
Ending of the girder. Syntax as described above, except the keyword Auto. It is also possible to give the name of a bulkhead stringer for Start of Girder and End of girder. The syntax for this is: Bulkhead name:functional element:item. The stringers can be selected from the combo-box. List-box. A unique number identifies the material. The list-box shows the complete material table. List-box for the symmetry designation. The symmetry designation of the stiffener has to correspond to that of the bulkhead plates. If, however, plate is located on P+S, the stiffener can be located on S, at P or on P+S. - P On the port side - S On the starboard side - P+S Symmetric on both sides
Mat.: Sym.:
Beginning height of web. Height can also be given in "a", "<n>a" or "a/<n>" syntax for determining the height out of the longitudinal frame table. Ending height of web
Use for both heights the same syntax (either with "a" or without "a"). Beginning width of flange Ending width of flange Thickness of web Thickness of flange Description of the bracket at "Start of girder". The "Attributes" are also used for the brackets. - Lk length of bracket - h height of bracket - t thickness of bracket - bflg width of flange - tflg thickness of flange - Mat. Material number of the bracket - Rad. Radius of the bracket Same as above for "End of Girder".
bFlg 1 row bFlg 2 row tWeb tFlg End Connection (1st row):
Additional Commands
Rename Use this command to rename a bulkhead, a functional element or a cell. Place the cursor on the name you want to rename before. After the new name is given, all occurrences of the old name are changed to the new one. Generates standardized Items for all members, all members of the active table or for all members of a functional element of the actual table. These names get automatically serially numbers and special plates like keel are identified.
Replace Item
Note:
3.3.6.
This section can be used to enter the holes and cutouts for the bulkheads. In the column Contour Id No. a contour Id No. from table 1.12 can be given. The location of the cutouts is defined by the three parameter Y-Pos, Z-Pos and Xrelative. Only two parameter may be given, in this case the third parameter has to be blank. The parameter Xrelative has to be given for members with longitudinal arrangement.
Explanation of input fields (heading) Bulkhead Name: Combo-box. Only plates of the given bulkhead are shown. Frame No. and F/A: Definition of the actual cross-section.
X-Rel
Sym.
Contour Id No.
4.
4.1.
Design Criteria/Loads
Compartments
In this section, the compartments are described. The compartment defines the geometry/topology of a tank or deck in a more detailed way than previous versions of POSEIDON. With the description of compartment it is now possible to consider different cell descriptions at different cross-sections. Compartments are composed out of cells at different cross-sections. To define a new compartment you can add a new line behind the last line of an existent compartment. Enter the name of the new compartment and insert the frame no. for the cross-section. You can insert now the cells to the cross-section which are inside the tank at this cross-section. It can be done by right clicking inside a cell of the wanted area. Select the Insert permanent cell . from the popup-menu. Insert a new compartment description (a new line) for each cross-section where the geometry/topology of the compartment changes. The end of a compartment must be defined by a line which contains the frame number of the end of the compartment only.
Additional Commands
Copy Rename Use this command to copy a compartment Use this command to rename a compartment. Place the cursor on the name you want to rename before. After the new name is given, all occurrences of the old name are changed to the new one. POSEIDON User Manual
Coverts a characteristic cell to a compartment. If there are cutouts in the cell the compartment is automatically extended. All off means that for each cell only the definition line is shown whereby with all on also the complete geometry description for all cells is shown. Calculate volume and centre of gravity of a compartment. The results are presented in the info view. This command creates a 3D-view out of the compartment description of the current row. It is also possible to use this command for a selection, e.g. for the complete table.
4.2.
Content of Compartments
In this section, the compartments, which are to be taken into consideration during the sizing, are described. For the geometry definition of tanks are three different possibilities available: 1. For compartments, which have a constant shape in the cross-section on all X-positions select an elementary cell which inside the tank. Make a right click inside the cell in the preview and select "Insert tank with Cell . from the popup-menu. When a temporary cell has been selected, a dialog-box asks for the new name of the new permanent cell. It is also possible to select the cell in the Comp. Name column from the drop down list-box. If there are cutouts in the cell the tank is automatically extended. 2. For compartments, which have different shapes in the cross-sections over the X-extension select the compartment in the Comp. Name column from the drop down list-box. For a description of departments see also 4.1 3. For compartments which should not be assigned automatically during the sizing process the design criteria must be assigned by hand. Leave the Comp. Name column empty in this case. With the Calc command, the data resulting from the geometry of the compartments can be calculated. Note: New compartments can be created only while no filter for a frame number is active. Press the "all lines on" button when a filter is active.
Sym.:
Comp.Name:
Note:
A characteristic cell for the tank description has to be an elementary cell that means it may not be symmetric and may contain no further cells. If a temporary cell is selected as a characteristic cell, this is automatically given, because all temporary cells are elementary cells. The medium with which the tank is filled. The medium can be selected by double clicking the left mouse button. The alternative entries are: FUEL OIL LUB OIL FRESH WAT. CARGO BALLAST Density of the medium. Pressure. Length of the free fluid surface area (in the ship longitudinal direction). Width of the free fluid surface area (in the ship transverse direction). Frame No with the corresponding X coordinate for the aft end of the tank. (Each in the first row) Frame No. with the corresponding X coordinate for the forward end of the tank. (Each in the second row) The larger (= toward port-oriented) Y coordinate of the tank top edge (ship transverse direction, port positive, midship = 0). The Z coordinate above the base, which belongs to Yp. The smaller (= toward starboard-oriented) Y coordinate of the tank top edge (ship transverse direction, port positive, midship = 0). The Z coordinate above the base, which belongs to Ys. Height of overflow pipe above the base Are the tanks partially filled? The alternative entries are: Y yes N no Maximum filling height which shall be used for partially filled tanks. It is assumed that the tank is not filled higher than this value, except a 0 is given. Detailed name of compartment If the compartment contains a void space, the specific type of space can be selected here.
Medium:
Rho: pv: free Length: free Width: Frame No aft.: Frame No forward: Top of Tank Yp: Top of Tank Zp: Top of Tank Ys: Top of Tank Zp, Zs: Height of overflow: part. filled tanks:
Additional Commands
All lines on Calc: /off : All on means that all tanks are shown, whereby with all off only the tanks, which are defined at the actual cross-section, are shown. Calculates the free length and width and the top of the tank of the current row. It is also possible to use this command for a selection, e.g. for the complete table. Use this command to rename a compartment or a cell. Place the cursor on the name you want to rename before. After the new name is given, all occurrences of the old name are changed to the new one. Coverts the description of a tank with characteristic cell to a description with a compartment of the current row. It is also possible to use this command for a selection, e.g. for the complete table. If there are cutouts in the cell the compartment is automatically extended. This command creates a 3D-view out of the tank description of the current row. It is also possible to use this command for a selection, e.g. for the complete table.
Rename
Convert
3D Show Tank(s)
4.3.
4.3.1.
In this section deck loads or cargo loads described by compartments are defined. These loads are considered during sizing and cargo hold analysis. Loads defined by compartments are only available for Bulk Carriers and MPVs
Holdno.
Item Comp.Name:
Deck No.
Frame No. with the corresponding X coordinate for the forward end of the cargo hold. (Each in the second row) the name of a functional element or the absolute Z-coordinate which describes the max. height of the cargo (only when a Comp Name is given). When this value is given the repose angle is considered for the calculation of the height of the cargo load, otherwise the height is calculated by the vertical distance to the upper edge of the cell. This value is ignored for Static loads. Repose angle of the cargo (only when a Comp Name is given). The repose angle is considered for the calculation of the horizontal loads, as well as for the calculation of the height of the cargo load (see above Upper Edge of Cargo). An angle of 0 corresponds to liquid medium. This value is ignored for Static loads. Static load on the deck (only when no Comp Name is given). A static load should not be used in conjunction with a given cell, since all loaded members gets the same static load (vertical to the member). Density of the cargo (only when a Comp Name is given). If this value is given POSEIDON calculates the static load for each plate considering the vertical height of the described cargo load above the plate. Wheel load under harbour conditions (only when no Comp Name is given). For restrictions see also Load Static. Wheel load Print area of a wheel or of a group of wheels Wheel load Print area of a wheel or of a group of wheels Comp Name is given, select the type from the list. Normally the M-Full type should be used to consider a completely filled compartment with cargo When another type is selected, it is necessary that a corresponding M-Full load in the same hold exists und the compartment must be equal to the compartment of the M-Full load. Then the Mass value will be used to create an internal compartment that applies to the given mass. With this approach it is possible to define only one compartment in 4.1 and use it for different filling levels. No Comp Name is given, select the deck type from the list Cargo deck: Calculation according to section 7, B using corrosion addition according to section 3, K. Accommodation:. Calculation according to section 7, B using user defined deck loads. The deck number has to be greater than 2. In case of passenger ships the minimum thickness of the decks will be 5 mm and the corrosion addition is 1 mm. When the design criterion DS (dry space) is additionally used, the corrosion addition is set to 0 mm. Superstructure:. Calculation according to section 7, B using user defined deck loads. The deck number have to be greater than 2. The corrosion addition is 1 mm. Machinery: See cargo deck, The design criterion M has to be given.
Repose angle
Load Static
dens. C.
Wheel Load harbor condition Load Area Load Area Cargo Type
Wheel Load seagoing condition Wheel load under seagoing conditions (only when no Comp Name is given)
Mass
Cargo mass to be carried by the hold (only when a Comp Name is given). This value should be zero for M-Full loads. For all other types this value is used to calculate the shape of the load.
In section 4.1 it is possible to create additional cargo loads with the command create heavy cargo.
Additional Commands
All lines on Calc: /off : All on means that all deck loads are shown, whereby with all off only the deck loads, which are defined at the actual cross-section, are shown. Calculates the free length and width and the top of the cargo hold at the given Frame No. of the current row. It is also possible to use this command for a selection, e.g. for the complete table. Use this command to rename a compartment or a cell. Place the cursor on the name you want to rename before. After the new name is given, all occurrences of the old name are changed to the new one. Coverts the description of a deck load with characteristic cell to a description with a compartment of the current row. It is also possible to use this command for a selection, e.g. for the complete table. If there are cutouts in the cell the compartment is automatically extended. This command creates a 3D-view out of the cargo hold description of the current row. It is also possible to use this command for a selection, e.g. for the complete table.
Rename
Convert
4.3.2. 4.3.3.
MHD [t] (Hold A / Hold B) MH [t] (Hold A / Hold B) MBLK [t] (Hold A / Hold B) MFull [t] (Hold A / Hold B) Ti [m] W [t] Harb. Output field Is OK Additional Commands Generate Report How to use this grid: Preparation:
mass MHD as defined in CSR-BC Ch4 Sec.7 mass MH as defined in CSR-BC Ch4 Sec.7 mass MBLK as defined in CSR-BC Ch4 Appendix 1 mass MFull as defined in CSR-BC Ch4 Sec.7 draught to be checked with a given mass W cargo mass to be checked with a given draught Ti Is the mass W at draught Ti to be checked at harbour condition or seagoing condition cargo mass W at draught Ti is within allowable limits for the given condition
Creates a Report
The following values have to be set correctly in 1.1 General Data: Multi-Port-Condition / No Multi-Port-Condition Bulk Carrier notation (BC-A, BC-B or BC-C) Scantling draught T
When table "4.3.3 Hold Mass Curves" is opened for the first time, the program tries to fill in most of the values. MFull is calculated (if such compartments are defined) while MHD, MH and MBLK are taken from table "1.8 Hold Arrangement (Bulker)", where these values have to be entered. All values can be changed by the user. A specific load can be checked by entering a cargo mass W and a draught Ti and selecting whether the check should be made for harbour condition or seagoing condition. The result is given as "OK" or "not OK" in the grid. The graph shows the actual hold mass curve and the point Ti/W; it will be red, if it is outside the permissible limits.
4.4.
Container Loads
In this section, the container loads, which are to be taken into consideration in the FE-Model, are described.
Note: Note:
The described containers can also be visualized in the 3D-Plot All stack loads are calculated for an assumed weight of 100kN for each container. Use the load factor table of GLFRAME to adjust to the actual existing stack weight
Note:
The longitudinal members of a transverse bulkhead are not allowed. The functional element must be defined at the y-coordinates of the foot points at the forward and at the aft frame number. For Container on hatch covers the supporting functional element for containers must be described by linetype=7 in the region of the opening.
Guided aft/forward
Name of a transverse bulkhead with frame number or a shortcut of a functional element where the containers are guided and horizontal loads are transferred to the hull in heeled condition. Enter the value for the aft end in the first row and in the second row for the forward end of the containers.
4.5.
4.5.1.
In this section, the vertical still water bending moments and shear forces are given, which are to be taken into consideration for the calculation of the required section modulus See also GL- Rules, Part I, Chapter 1, Section 5,C1.(envelope curves)
Additional Commands
Def Set all parameters back to default values. The default values are based on the min. required section moduli according to GL Rules Part 1, Chapter 1, Section 5.C.2 for the midship section. This command adds lines at bulkhead positions, which are needed for FE analysis. The values are interpolated from the existing lines (if any) Creates a report for this section
4.5.2.
4.5.3.
In this section, the vertical still water bending moments and shear forces are given, which are to be taken into consideration for the calculation of the required section modulus See also GL- Rules, Part I, Chapter 1, Section 5,G.(envelope curves)
Additional Commands
Def Set all parameters back to default values. The default values are based on the values for seagoing condition and do not result in structural reinforcements.
4.5.4.
Wave Loads
Vertical Bending BM SF Horizontal Bending BM SF Torsion Mtor Torsion moments horizontal bending moments horizontal shear forces vertical bending moments vertical shear forces
SF Torsion Mtor
horizontal shear forces Torsion moments Difference of the moments and shear forces between the fore- and aft ship. Note: Section 4.4.
Additional Commands
Default Values Resets the table to default values.
xwh dx Note:
length of the constant min- and max pressure at shell (input field). For beam sea case output field and set to 0. distance from wave crest to wave trough (input field). For beam sea case output field and set to 0. (max. (Lambda-2xwh)/2). Due to the missing mass distribution of the vessel, the wave pressures are not balanced. Therefore, the moments and shear forces are calculated separately for the fore - and aft body up to L/2.
xp/Lp
dx AP FP
z=psDyn/ T
/2=B
The preview-plot can show the moments and forces, shear and torsion curves or the form of the wave. Use the tabs at the bottom of the preview to toggle between these previews.
Additional Commands
Show Plot wave Moments/shear force Torsion Moment Load dist. Longitude Press. dist. Transverse Press. Overview Use this command to plot one of the following results: plots the simplified wave plots the moments and shear forces in vertical and horizontal direction plots the torsion moment plots the load ordinates in vertical and horizontal direction plots the pressure of the chosen frame number plot the pressure of several frame numbers
Explanation of the input fields Position Frame No: Vertical Bending BM SF Horizontal Bending BM SF minimal/maximal vertical bending moment minimal/maximal vertical shear force minimal/maximal vertical bending moment minimal/maximal vertical shear force Frame number, to calculate the minimal and maximal bending moments and shear forces
Additional Commands
Show Plot wave Moments/shear force Torsion Moment Load dist. Longitude Press. dist. Transverse Press. Overview Use this command to plot one of the following results: plots the simplified wave plots the moments and shear forces in vertical and horizontal direction plots the torsion moment plots the load ordinates in vertical and horizontal direction plots the pressure of the chosen frame number plot the pressure of several frame numbers
5.
5.1.
Results
Hull Cross Section
In this section, the results for the calculation of a cross-section are shown. The members defined in Hull Structure are sized in accordance with GL Construction Rules.
Changes to dimensions and loading can be made only in sub rows. At the end, the sizing is to be checked. A # symbols in the assessment column indicates that POSEIDON has stopped the sizing for this member, because of undefined sizing criteria or measurements. The Info-File shows the reason for this. The sizing is complete when the section modulus of the transverse section fulfils the requirements. After a successful sizing, the determined "as built values" can be saved by transferring the results to the Hull Structure section with the command "Accept calculated values". Note: Remarks to the sizing of members: POSEIDON sizes transverse stiffeners inside the ice belt with m0=6. (See also GL Construction Rules, Part I, Chapter 1, Section 15)
132 Results
The angle between waterline and the X-axis is not considered in the calculation of the scantlings.
5.1.1.
Longitudinal Plates
In this section, the longitudinal plates are sized in accordance with GL Construction Rules.
Y coordinate of the load centre in [mm]. Z coordinate of the load centre in [mm]. Frame spacing. This value is preceded by a T in case of transversely framed plate. Unsupported length. Dialog-box. In this field, all Design Criteria that are to be taken into consideration during sizing are listed. The sizing is carried out for all Design Criteria. Several Design Criteria can be given in any order or by using the dialog-box. See also Definition of Design Criteria.
Results 133
Dcat
Minimum required detail category for welded joints in component. The detail category is determined considering global hull girder bending stresses as well as local bending stresses at the end of the component (for plates: at connection with transverse member). The load cases acc. Section 20, Table 20.1 are considered Stresses from the vertical bending of the ships hull. The stresses are calculated for 100% wave forces and moments. The design stresses as well as the stresses resulting from the Still water forces and moments can be found by multiplication with the relevant factors given above. Shogg Stresses from hogging moments Ssagg Stresses from sagging moments Tau Reh Shear stress from vertical shear force Yield stress of material
Stresses
Dimensions of the plate/profile as given. Required dimensions in accordance with GL Construction Rules Indicates the assessment of the actual member whereby the following assessments are possible: ++ (blue) more than 3% oversized + (green) between 0% and 3% oversized - (green) between -3% and 0 % undersized, but inside allowed tolerances. -- (red) undersized # (magenta) Member is not sized due to an error. Check the "info file" for this member to get further details. The "Show-button" is available in the main row of a member. This button initiates that all plates and profiles of the selected functional element are recalculated and the results are shown graphically. The Calc-button is available in the additional rows and recalculates just this line. Indicates the number of errors and notes for this member which have been found during the Rules ChecK command. Use the command show corresponding sections to show a table with the corresponding sections of GL Rules for all notes, errors and considered sections. The highlighted links can be used to show the corresponding text of GL Rules.
Error / Inf
Note:
A # symbols in the column assessment indicates that POSEIDON has stopped the sizing for a partial member due to indefinite loading, sizing criteria or measurements. This has to be checked and must be corrected.
134 Results
Explanation of the input fields (additionally for option "Use FE Stresses")) Stresses for from FE analysis.
For load case "maxcase" the loadcase with the max. v.Mises stresses is considered. FE-SigX: FE-SigY: FE-Tau: v.Mises: stresses vertical to the I-J edge at the centre of the element. stresses parallel to the I-J edge at the centre of the element. shear stress equivalent stresses at the centre of the element.
Additional Commands
Calculate geometric properties All lines on /off Display on/off for the generated plate subdivision or individual profile on a member. With the setting "All lines off" (the default setting), the maximum dimensions and the centre of loading are displayed for one member in one row. In the row, the scantlings as built can be changed. With the setting All lines on, rows for the partial structures of the members are displayed under the rows of the member. These rows begin with ==> and are numbered. Here, the local scantlings, stresses and Design Criteria are displayed. In these rows, the following can be changed: - local centre of loading with x, y values - spacing of the partial structures or profile with dx, dy values - local Design Criteria and loadings - Yield stress of the material (Reh) Accept calculated values The values "scantlings as built" are transferred to the tables of "3. Hull Structure" in the corresponding as built fields. Recalculates/ resizes all members. In this, - section moduli, moments of inertia and shear distribution of the transverse section are recalculated with the as built values, - the local stresses are assumed, and, - the members are completely resized. There is a menu for the calculation and it contains the following alternatives: - as built=max(required,t,as built) During the calculation, the largest value out the fields: scantlings as required, scantlings as built, t (section Hull Structure, Plate-/Stiffener - Arrangement), is assumed for the as built dimensions.
Results 135
as built=max(required,t) During the calculation, the largest value out the fields: scantlings as required, t (section Hull Structure, Plate-/Stiffener - Arrangement), is assumed for the as built dimensions. as built=required During the calculation, the value out the field: scantlings as required, is assumed in the values scantlings as built.
. Use this command to show a table with the corresponding sections of GL Rules for all notes, errors and considered sections for the selected member. The highlighted links can be used to show the corresponding text of GL Rules. export of the results to a .csv file. The name of the active pox file is extended by _results.csv and stored in the same directory as the active .pox file.
Export
5.1.2.
Longitudinal Stiffeners
In this section, the longitudinal stiffeners are sized in accordance with GL Construction Rules. For a further description see section 5.1.1.
5.1.3.
Transverse Stiffeners
In this section, the transverse stiffeners are sized in accordance with GL Construction Rules. For a further description see section 5.1.1.
5.1.4.
Transverse Girders
In this section, the transverse girders are sized in accordance with GL Construction Rules. For a further description see section 5.1.1. Note: Direct calculations are necessary for transverse girders.
5.1.5.
Masses
This section shows a detailed overview for the calculated masses, surfaces of tanks and lengths of welding. The table shows the results from the last calculation of scantlings for the selected cross-section. The calculation of length of welding is still under development. All frames, for which a scantling calculation has been made, are shown in this table.
Notes:
The masses for longitudinal members are calculated at the given "Frame No" only. A linear, straight course in the longitudinal (X-) direction is assumed.
136 Results
Transverse members are calculated at the selected frame with mean frame spacing from the spacing to aft and forward. The weight of transverse bulkheads is given in absolute tons.
5.2.
Transverse Members
In this section, the transverse members generated in Hull Structure, Transverse Members, Plate Arrangement are sized in accordance with GL Construction Rules. Two rows are available in the display for each member. With the command diMens, a complete sizing of a frame can be carried out directly in the display Hull Structure, Transverse Members, Plate Arrangement, The command automatically creates data in this display. Upon completion, the sizing is to be checked. If # symbols are displayed in the column scantlings, POSEIDON has broken off the sizing for a partial structure of an element/ a plate due to indefinite sizing criteria or measurements. After a successful sizing, the data can be imported into the display Hull Structure, Transverse Members, Plate- Arrangement by using the command Accept.
5.2.1.
Web Plates
Results 137
l Design Criteria:
Unsupported length. Listing of all Design Criteria that are to be taken into consideration during the sizing. The sizing is carried out for all Design Criteria. Several Design Criteria can be carried out in any order or by using the dialog-box. See also Definition of Design Criteria. Loadings for sizing (static,dynamic, p2) in accordance with Construction Rules I, Part 1, Chapter 1, Section 4 Yield stress of materials (see section GLFRAME, Geometric Properties) Dimensions of the plate / of the profile as given. Required dimensions in accordance with the selected Construction Rules
If # symbols are displayed in the column scantlings, POSEIDON has broken off the sizing for a partial structure of an element/ of a plate due to indefinite loadings, sizing criteria or measurements. This is to be checked and corrected
Additional Commands
All lines on /off Display on/off for the generated plate subdivision or individual profile on a member. With the setting "All lines off" (the default setting), the maximum dimensions and the centre of loading are displayed for one member in one row. In the row, the scantlings as built can be changed. With the setting All lines on, rows for the partial structures of the members are displayed under the rows of the member. These rows begin with ==> and are numbered. Here, the local dimensions, stresses and Design Criteria are displayed. In these rows, the following can be changed: - local centre of loading with x, y values - spacings of the partial structures or profile with dx, dy values - local Design Criteria and loadings - Yield stress of the material (Reh) Accept calculated values The values "scantlings as built" are transferred to the tables of "3. Hull Structure" in the corresponding as built fields. Accept is not allowed while using a Reference Frame No.
5.2.2.
Web Stiffener
5.2.3.
Bulkhead Plates
5.2.4.
Bulkhead Stiffener
138 Results
5.3.
5.3.1.
In this section, still water moments and section moduli of the transverse sections are calculated.Two input rows are required for each description.
Z co-ord. Top k Top k Bottom Cs Rules Fact. in Harb. C. Cs hogg. actual Cs sagg. actual Sigma p-D' Sigma p-B Tau p Tau L
Distance of the upper edge of the continuous longitudinal member from base line. Material factor k in accordance with Construction Rules I, Part 1, Chapter 1, Section 2 for the upper flange. Material factor k in accordance with Construction Rules I, Part 1, Chapter 1, Section 2 for the lower flange Factor Cs in accordance with Construction Rules I, Part 1, Chapter 5 Reduction factor for the total bending moment (harbor condition) Actual Factor Cs in hogging condition in accordance with Construction Rules I, Part 1, Chapter 5.C.1.1. Actual Factor Cs in sagging condition in accordance with Construction Rules I, Part 1, Chapter 5.C.1.1. Maximum bending stresses p-D' at Deck or coaming in accordance with Construction Rules Section 5.C.1 Maximum bending stresses p-B at Bottom in accordance with Construction Rules Section 5.C.1. Maximum shear stresses in accordance with Construction Rules Section 5.C.6. Maximum shear stresses in accordance with Construction Rules Section 5.D.1. Existing section modulus at deck or fictitious deck section modulus in accordance with Construction Rules I, Part 1, Chapter 1, Section 5. Existing section modulus at bottom section modulus in accordance with Construction Rules I, Part 1, Chapter 1, Section 5. required section modulus at deck or fictitious deck section modulus in accordance with Construction Rules I, Part 1, Chapter 1, Section 5. required section modulus at bottom section modulus in accordance with Construction Rules I, Part 1, Chapter 1, Section 5.
5.3.2.
BM and SF (output)
In this display, the calculated maximum and minimum still water bending moments and shear forces for sea and harbor conditions are carried out. POSEIDON calculates all of the fields; therefore, there are no input fields in this display.
140 Results
5.4.
Natural Frequencies
In this section, the natural frequencies of plate fields and stiffeners are shown. The natural frequencies are calculated according to the following formulas.
Results 141
Plate Field
The formula is derived from the differential equation of isotropic plate bending
f =
2 2 E t3 1 nl na + 2 12 1 2 p l a
[Hz ]
= t Mat +
i =1
+ padd
l a t E
plate length plate breadth plate thickness Young's modulus Poisson's ratio
order of natural frequencies mass per area additional mass per area density of material density of liquid for hydrodynamic mass reduction factor hydrodynamic mass for partly wetted plate field
partTk,i
d 1 2d + sin 1 l 2 l
a wetted area l d
cutout cutout
Stiffener
The formula is derived from the differential equation of the beam f = = E profil 2 l2 q
[Hz]
2
q l
( A + t a ) Mat +
i =1
+ padd a
stiffener length
142 Results
a A t
distance of stiffener area of stiffener plate thickness moment of inertia Young's modulus reduction factor for unsymmetrical profiles (L-bar : 0.85 , HP : 0.95) factor for order of natural frequencies = 1.00 for 1.order, simply supported = 4.00 for 2.order, simply supported = 2.267 for 1.order, fixed ends = 6.248 for 2.order, fixed ends
E
profil
q
lhyd
=l = l 2
Press the "show-button" in the main row of a member. All plates and profiles of the selected functional elements are recalculated and the results are shown graphically. Open a main row by double-clicking the row header or open all lines with the command "all lines on". Then press the "show-button" in a sub row (can be identified by ==>). Only this line is recalculated and the results are shown in the Info-File. The command "Rules Check" with option "Calculate Natural Frequencies". All lines of this display are recalculated.
The dimension and loading values can be modified only in sub rows.
5.4.1.
Longitudinal Plates
In this section, the natural frequencies of longitudinal plates are calculated in accordance to the formulas as given in 5.4.
Results 143
Additional Commands
Calculate geometric properties All lines on /off Display on/off for the generated plate subdivision or individual profile on a member. With the setting "All lines off" (the default setting), the lowest frequency for a plate is displayed. With the setting All lines on, rows for the partial structures of the members are displayed under the rows of the member. These rows begin with ==> and are numbered. Here, the local natural frequencies are displayed. In these rows, the following can be changed: - local scantlings
144 Results
5.4.2.
Longitudinal Stiffener
In this section, the natural frequencies of longitudinal stiffeners are calculated in accordance to the above give formulas. For a further description see section 5.4.1.
5.4.3.
Transverse Stiffeners
In this section, the transverse stiffeners are sized in accordance with GL Construction Rules. For a further description see section 5.4.1.
5.4.4.
Transverse Girders
In this section, the transverse girders are sized in accordance with GL Construction Rules. For a further description see section 5.4.1.
5.4.5.
Transverse Members
In this section, the longitudinal stiffeners are sized in accordance with GL Construction Rules. For a further description see section 5.4.1.
5.5.
Evaluation of Sections
In this section the command "Rules check" can be used for more than one section. For each cross-section a line with the frame number must be entered. The "Rules Check" command is performed for each given line. A summary of the results is shown in the table.
number of errors during the calculation maximum required detail category for plates and stiffeners of the hull girder. Mark this field to indicate that an additional direct calculation has been performed. (e.g. a grillage or FE Analysis for a cargo hold, global analysis etc.) max. usage factor capacity check An explanatory description as a text can be entered in order to comment the results.
Additional commands
Generate Report Calculates all sections and create rtf report with results. 2 dialog boxes are displayed to define dimensioning options (see t=? dialog box) and report options.
146 Results
5.6.
Stress
5.6.1.
Results 147
St. Venant Warping Loadcase max. still water min. still water
The stresses can be plotted with the show button in 5.1.1 and 5.1.2
5.6.2.
The stresses can be plotted with the show button in 5.1.1 and 5.1.2
148 Results
5.6.3.
5.7.
5.7.1.
Ultimate Strength
Input (generated)
In this table all input parameters of the ultimate strength calculation are documented.
Results 149
Func.Ele. Y Z
entries used for all structural elements bi, bj li, lj ti, tj radi, radj breath of single plate field at sides i and j [mm] unsupported length of single plate field at sides i and j [mm] thickness of single plate field at sides i and j [mm] radius of single plate field at sides i and j [mm]
150 Results
additional entries used for structural elements HC3 and HC4 bk lk tk bl ll tl breath of single plate field at side k [mm] unsupported length of single plate field at side k [mm] thickness of single plate field at side k [mm] breath of single plate field at side [mm] unsupported length of single plate field at side l [mm] thickness of single plate field at side l [mm]
type of attached stiffener height of the stiffener [mm] thickness of the web of the stiffener [m] breadth of the flange the stiffener [mm] thickness of the flange of the stiffener [mm] minimum yield stress of all attached members of the structural element [N/mm]
The capacity check calculates also the ultimate vertical shear force capacities of the hull crosssection for seagoing and flooded condition. The usage factors are displayed in the info file. For further information see also GL Rules I-1-5, Chapter 5, Section 8.3.
5.7.2.
Results
sizes a frame according to the Construction Rules.
In the dialog-box Options the capacity check can be used. The capacity check calculates the ultimate bending capacities of the hull cross-section for seagoing and flooded condition in hogging and sagging condition. The usage factors
| M SW + US = |
WV * M WV
cS MU |
| 1 and US f =
| M SWf +
0,8 * WV * M WV | cS 1 M Uf | |
are displayed in the info file. For further information see also GL Rules I-1-5, Chapter 5, Section 8.
!Note
The maximum still water bending moments MSW and MSWf are taken out of 4.5.1 and 4.5.3.. The vertical wave bending moment MWV is taken out of 4.5.4.1.
Results 151
152 Results
6.
6.1.
6.1.1.
Utilisation
Thickness Measurement for Longitudinal Members
Longitudinal Plates
This section can be used to enter measured thickness values. A new calculation for the determination of required scantlings can be made, whereby the cross-section values are based on the measured thickness. A thickness measurement is identified by the date of the measurement.
Explanation of the input fields (headings) Frame No: Measure Date Frame Number. Date of the measurement. This field is used to identify a measurement
tk (mm) tk (%) measur. Min req tk (mm) delta tk usage factor, ultimate str.
defined below and the inverse safety factors regarding buckling acc. Section 3.F of the GL-Rules. The usage factor regarding strength are calculated on the basis of the following equation:
R
R
R eH
R eH may be taken as R e HO / k , where R e HO = yield stress of mild steel (235 N/mm) and
k = material factor
Fst
Fdyn
actions due to static loads (i.e. bending moment, shear forces, etc.) actions due to dynamic loads (i.e. bending moment, shear forces, etc.) acc. GL Rules. For dynamic loads resulting from external sea pressure the probability level for plates is used in general.
fst
fdyn
fst fdyn
LCA LCB usage factor, fatigue
usage factor for fatigue referring to stress ranges for the as built condition (see section 20 of the GL Rules) based on the no of stress cycles N given in section 1.1 "Options" of "POSEIDON" additional comments. The remark m is generated for members with a given value for measured t.
Remarks
Additional Commands
Show Shows the cross-section labeled with one of the following selectable column values. These labeling can also be shown in the pre-view. DCat detail category. as built/min.Req. req. thickness without corrosion for as built values as built/ tk corrosion allowance according to section 3.K for as built values measured/min.Req. req. thickness without corrosion for measured values POSEIDON User Manual
154 Utilisation
measured/ tk measured/t measured/t input measured/ delta tk us. fact. strength us. fact.fatigue remarks The following color code is used for delta tk: Green for values > 0.5 Red for values > 0.75 for tk < 0 Magenta Calculate Import
corrosion allowance according to section 3.K for as measured values column with the measured thickness. as above, but only values which have been entered before are shown delta corrosion allowance for measured values usage factor for strength mode usage factor, fatigue mode column remarks
Determines the required scantlings, whereby the cross-section values are based on the measured thickness. Import of measured thickness. For a description of the file format see also 10.3. The imported data is first displayed in a separate grid. Use the merge command to combine the measurement points with the POSEIDON model.
6.1.2.
Longitudinal Stiffeners
6.1.3.
Transverse Stiffeners
6.1.4.
Transverse Girders
6.1.5.
Overview
Utilisation 155
Additional Commands
Show See section 6.1
6.2.
6.2.1.
Plates
6.2.2.
Stiffeners
6.3.
6.3.1.
Plates
6.3.2.
Stiffeners
156 Utilisation
6.3.3.
Girders
Utilisation 157
7.
7.1.
For parts of a ship or certain structural members, e.g. special constructions, the rule scantlings may not be applicable. In such cases, it is necessary to analyze the scantlings. To assist in scantling determination, a finite element model can be automatically generated based on previously defined geometrical and topological information. Loads required by GL Construction Rules can also be generated for this model. Subsequently, the generated FE model is transferred directly to the FEA system GLFRAME. There it can be either processed or exported to third party systems. Typical applications include detailed calculation models for, e.g., cargo holds, web frames and grillages. The automatic mesh generation is controlled by parameters, describing the range of generation, boundary conditions and the local degree of detail for the mesh. Additionally it can be specified, in which way stiffeners are to be modeled. For each parameter, a default value is used as long as no specific value has been specified by the user. A detailed description of all parameters is given within the next subsections. This program section is an overview of the existing different parameter combinations for a specific FE-Model can be stored or selected. Note: Detail models containing fine mesh zones can be generated based on previously defined geometrical and topological information. Please note that all automatic functions such as element size or evaluations of the results consider the requirements for CSR Tanker. For further information see the online help for CSR Tanker.
Additional Commands
Generate FE Model Copy FE Model Starts the generation of a FE model based on the specified parameters. For further description see also 7.5 Copies a complete model parameter set
7.2.
Mesh Tolerances
range of generation maximum and minimum edge length
This section is aimed at defining parameters needed to control the automatic mesh generation. These parameters are:
The latter parameter describes the way in which stiffeners are modeled. All parameters may vary over the length of the ship, i.e. different values may be defined per individual frame. Furthermore, it is possible to specify different areas of parameters at the same longitudinal position. For the mesh generation, the following principles apply. If for a certain frame no values are not specified, then the values from the previous frame will be used instead. If those values have not been given either, then the values from next frame are adopted. If this table is empty, global default values will be used. The same defaults are used as initial values anytime a new row is created. In general, it is always recommended to start with those default values and to change them only if required. The preview window shows the arrangement of nodes as defined by this table.
Fact.
Notes: 1. In the current version, the values, which are entered last, are valid for the whole model. All previously given values will be changed as soon as <ENTER> or one of the commands SHOW or PLOT is issued. In general Mode 4 is used for detailed models only
2.
Area of parameters. Several rows can be used to define different sets of parameter values within the same transverse section. For each longitudinal position, the first row specifies the limits, which cannot be exceeded by any of the following boxes. If some of the box domains overlap, always the last definition applies. The principle is illustrated by the following figure, in which visibility is equivalent to validity of the set of parameters. All fields are assigned AUTO as default value, being equivalent to the numeric maximum and minimum value, respectively, taken from the geometry of the transverse section.
min. l
Minimum edge length [mm]. Shorter edges will be merged. Cross sectional area lost in this process will be compensated by truss elements. Default value is 350 [mm] Maximum edge length [mm]. All edges longer than this value will be split up and new nodes will be introduced. The corresponding coordinates are derived from the geometry of the underlying functional element. Default value is 2000 [mm]
max l
Cutouts Mode Check-box, if checked the cutouts will be considered as cutouts on the elements (default) otherwise the elements will be ignored if the overlapped area of the cutout and the element is higher as the given ratio Ratio of the overlapping area of the cutout and the element.
Ratio
Consideration of Cutouts
POSEIDON checks for each 4-node element if it overlaps any cutout. If a cutout overlaps an element two different methods are available: Mode is checked (default): The element is described with a corresponding cutout as an attribute. GLFRAME reduces the thickness for such elements for the calculation of the deflections, whereby for the stress calculation the cutout is ignored. The element will be completely ignored if the reminding thickness is less than 25% of the original thickness or less than 1 mm. Mode is not checked. All elements with a higher overlapping ratio as given for the ratio-parameter will be ignored.
POSEIDON tries to move nodes to the edge of the cutout first, which gives a more accurate elementation around cutouts, especially for large cutouts. Note: For the elementation around cutouts in longitudinal members the following conditions have to considered: length of cutout > max l as given above, and length of cutout > Step or intermediate Step, respectively, see 7.5 The Cutout has to be divided by a minimum of one generation step in vertical and horizontal direction. See figures below:
Additional Commands
Generate FE Model Starts the generation of a FE model based on the specified parameters. For further description see also 7.5
7.3.
All boundary conditions to be considered during the automatic generation of the FE mesh shall be defined here. For the definition of boundary conditions two options are offered:
In this way constrained partial models can be calculated independently from the overall structural model. Each plane is uniquely defined by a coordinate axis, which is normal to the plane and a distance from the origin along that axis. Note: Only the half thickness of plates is used for plates, if they lie in the same plane as the boundary section. If a boundary condition is defined twice, this condition will be generated in the FE model twice too.
X-Start
1 Degree of freedom is fixed by a boundary in the corresponding plane. Y-Z plane (hull girder cross section) 2 Nodal forces in separate load groups acting on the hull cross-section according to the stress distribution for the relevant direction. For the XXdirection nodal forces according to St.Vernant torsional stress distribution are calculated. 3 Prescribed unit displacement for the relevant direction. 0.001 m for translatory degrees of freedom. Unit forces according warping stress distribution for the XX-direction 0,01 rad for the YY- and ZZ-direction 9 Degree of freedom is fixed in the corresponding plane. Note: Prescribed displacements eliminate the relevant degree of freedom. X, Y, Z Translatory degrees of freedom XX, YY, ZZ Boundary Value: Rotational degrees of freedom Stiffness of the boundary elements in the FE model. This value will be used for all boundary conditions of this line.
Additional Commands
Generate FE Model Starts the generation of a FE model based on the specified parameters. For further description see also 7.5
7.4.
Loads
This is a tabbed form for the definition of how to generate loads for the finite element model. POSEIDON generates a separate set of load data into a separate load group for each load type defined in this section. The load groups are listed under menu item 10 of GLFRAME. Global load cases have to be defined by the user.
7.4.1.
Tank Loads
Additional Commands
Generate FE Model Starts the generation of a FE model based on the specified parameters. For further description see also 7.5
7.4.2.
Cargo Loads
"A" for static pressure "B" for pressure according to height of cargo
The ends of the loading (frame number aft and forward) have to be located on a generation position as described under 7.5 Check-box, for vertical static loads Check-box, for acceleration loads to portside Check-box, for acceleration loads to starboard side
Additional Commands
Generate FE Model Starts the generation of a FE model based on the specified parameters. For further description see also 7.5
7.4.3.
Container Loads
Additional Commands
Generate FE Model Starts the generation of a FE model based on the specified parameters. For further description see also 7.5
7.4.4.
Additional Commands
Generate FE Model Starts the generation of a FE model based on the specified parameters. For further description see also 7.5 Pre-processor for FE Models 167
7.4.5.
In this section a plane load in a global direction (X,Y or Z) can be described, whereby the plane is described by a part of a functional element.
For the Y-Z Start end End values the same limitations as for plates on functional elements have to be observed (same direction, correct Sym entry and not crossing from portside to starboard).
Additional Commands
Generate FE Model Starts the generation of a FE model based on the specified parameters. For further description see also 7.5
7.4.8.
In this section the standard global load cases according to GL Rules for Container ships I.1.5.22 Table 22.2 can be defined by using the wizard command. With the information of this section POSEIDON defines the relevant load groups for the global load cases The table is automatically created by using the already defined container and tank definitions and can be expanded by adding Load Groups to existing Load Cases as well as new Load Cases. The longitudinal expansion of the model (Aft Frame/ Forward Frame) is taken from table 7.5 Generate FE Model
Acceleration in vertical direction Acceleration in longitudinal direction Name of load group Position of the container bay <D> Container bay on deck <H> Container in hold
Cont. Size
Mixed Stow
Maximum number of containers in the bay Maximum num of stacks in the bay
Center of Gravity of Load Group Actual Weight of Load Group [kN] Type Type of target weight <CC> Target weight for single container of the bay <CS> Target weight for single stack of the bay <LG> Weight for the total load group <FC> Factor to multiply the actual weight of the load group by, to determine the total weight. Weight [t] or Factor If the Type is <CC> or <CS>: Target weight of single container or single stack. If the Type is <FC>: Factor to multiply the actual weight of the load group by. Total [kN] Vert. Load Factor Long. Load Factor Total weight of the load group Load factor considering vertical acceleration Load factor considering longitudinal acceleration
Additional Commands
Generate FE model Generate FE-model. This command starts the generation a FE-model based on the specified parameters. A dialog box presents some options to be selected. All on means that all lines shown, whereby with all off only the lines with a factor not equal 0 zero are shown (except boundary condition). Wizard command for getting the container load groups according to GL Rules for the cargo hold analysis. Wizard command for getting the container and tank load groups for the cargo hold analysis.
All lines on
/off
7.5.
Generate FE Model
In this section, the overall range for the generation of the FE model is specified in the longitudinal direction of the ship. In the same way as for transverse sections, it is possible to define domains with different step size in terms of the framing system. As usual, longitudinal frame positions can be given by a frame number, an absolute coordinate value, or an offset value. Also, for the step size there are several options available. This ensures a high flexibility for the automatic mesh generation. With the GO command, you can start the generation of a FE model for the relevant transverse and longitudinal members immediately.
Input fields
From To Step Notes: Start of the range, frame position as defined in section 3.1. (cf. Notes and Examples). End of the range, frame position as defined in section 3.1. (cf. Notes and Examples). Series of Spacing in the X-Direction. 1. If the from frame position is defined with an offset value, then the same offset applies to any frame position defined by a or<b>a respectively. 2. Finite elements will be generated for the end frame position of the domain in any case, even if that position doesnt match chosen step size. 3. Finite Elements lying in the plane of the start frame or end frame respectively are generated having half the thickness of the original plate. This is because the boundary conditions reflect a continuation of the model symmetric with respect to that plane. 4. The definition of the x-ranges (the lines in the table) has to be given always in the order which corresponds to the X-direction aft to forward.
Examples:
From 134 134 134 134+2000 To 141 141 141 141 Step 2a 1200 a; 2a 4a Model generation at transverse section 134; 136; 138; 140; 141 134; 134+1200; 134+2400; ...; 141 134; 135; 137; 138; 140; 141 134+2000; 138+2000; ...; 141
Intermediate Steps
Same Syntax as for Step. If this value is given POSEIDON generates additional cross-section. The difference to locations given by steps is, that X-co-ordinates which are near by the intermediate frames can be moved to the intermediate frames.
Other fields
x-coord. X-coordinate corresponding to start of the generation domain From. This value cannot be edited. If, for a certain start position no coordinate value can be obtained from the frame table this is indicated by '*****'.
Additional Commands
Generate FE Model Starts the generation of a FE model based on the specified parameters. A dialog-box presents some options to be selected.
Include All Transverse Members All transverse members, which do not apply to a defined generation step as defined here will be generated, otherwise they are ignored. Corrosion Addition (tcorr50) The cargo hold model will be generated in accordance with CSR-OT or CSR-BC
7.6.
7.6.1.
Pressure Sniffer
Input
In this section a simple method is given to get the pressure value acting on the finite elements. For this it is necessary to create the finite element model including load generation two times. The first run is to get the numbers of the elements to be investigated. These element numbers are the input for POSEIDON section 7.6.1. The second run will save the pressure values and the data are given in POSEIDON section 7.6.2.
7.6.2.
Results
Note:
The given pressure value relates only to the load group. The resulting pressure value of the finite element has to be multiplied with the load factors of the global load case. It is possible to highlight elements in the 3D FE-Plot. A right-click on the desired row shows in the context menu the additional entry highlight element(s) when the FE 3D-plot is shown.
7.7.
In this section the adjustment of the global load cases will be defined according to Structural Rules for Container Ships I.1.5.22. The target values for the adjustment are taken from tables 4.5.1 Stillwater and 4.5.4.1 Rule defined Moments and Forces. The generated finite element model including the unit load groups and the not adjusted global load cases is used for the adjustment. POSEIDON prepares the data for the adjustment by using the wizard command . The table of this section is empty after opening. The data of this table are significant values of each load group for each global load case. POSEIDON will ask for the kind of FE-model (half model with symmetric at centreline or full model) and for the neutral axis. The adjustment is calculated by using the additional commands. After the adjustment the calculated load group factors for the relevant load groups of the global load case can be seen in the row Factor. After adjusting of the global load cases save the GLFrame file in the bmf-format (named e.g. Project_UnitLoad.bmf). This file is necessary to reproduce the adjusted global load cases. For solving the FE-model prepare a second bmf-file. In this file all unused unit load cases have to be deleted in GLFrame. Switch to GLFrame section 4.5 and use the additional command to delete all unit load cases. Now, the finite element model including the adjusted global load cases can be saved (named e.g. Project_GloLC) and solved
Additional Commands
All lines on /off All on means that all lines shown, whereby with all off only the lines with a factor not equal 0 zero are shown (except boundary condition). Wizard command for preparing the loads for adjustment. Deletes the actual table. This is only necessary, if another finite element model is to be adjusted. Get a global load case for adjustment (a box is displayed to select the load case) Adjust the global load case. Copy the calculated load group factors of the global load case to GLFrame Get and adjust all existing global load cases and copy the calculated load group factors of the global load cases to GLFRAME. Shows an overview about actual and target values of adjusted global load cases Shows an overview about longitudinal strength data of the global load case 174 Pre-processor for FE Models
Additional Commands
Using this command plots of longitudinal strength data of selected global load cases are printed
8.
External Programs
9.
9.1.
FE Program GLFRAME
General
GLFRAME is a linear FE program for the calculation of two- and three-dimensional structures. It calculates deflections, reacting forces and moments as well as stresses. The input data can be entered directly in comfortable grids. A lot of checks regarding formal and logical correctness are made automatically. For documentation various plot routines are available. Other GLFRAME characteristics are: beams with various sections, i.e. complete ship sections with calculation of moments of inertia and section modulus, automatic search for maximum stresses in beams, plane stress elements (3 and 4 nodes) or shell elements with 6 active degrees of freedom per node with automatic buckling evaluation and optional stiffeners, truss elements, hinges, spring elements, nodal loads, beam loads, plane loads, dead weights, sparse matrix solver, supporting multi-processors. pre- and postprocessor for grillages, calculation of free vibrations, initial strains and stresses for truss elements prescribed displacements of nodes. calculation in time steps with equilibrium iteration spring elements with nonlinear stiffness trusses with nonlinear materials geometric nonlinear trusses and beams
9.1.1.
Project Overview
Use this section to enter a project name and the author of the actual GLFRAME project. Additionally this view shows the number of nodes, elements etc.
9.1.2.
In this section, the materials are defined. Each material is assigned to a unique material number. POSEIDON comes up with a suggestion of the following four typical steel materials.
The first four materials are given by default and should normally not be changed. Add a new line if necessary instead.
9.1.3.
This table can be used to define orthotropic material. Orthotropic material can be used for trusses and PSEs without stiffeners. Temperature independent values are given in the table header, Young's-modulus and Poisson's ratio are given in the table. Each line describes the material for one temperature. During the calculation the program interpolates between the given temperatures. If a value beyond the defined temperature range appears during the calculation the nearest defined temperature values are used. To assign an orthotropic material to an element, a reference to a linear isotropic material has to be made in the material column of the element table. In the material table for linear isotropic material a value like LO <n> (<n> = material number) has to be given in the remark field, which then refers to the linear orthotropic material defined in this table.
t = cross product n x s E-mod.: Poissons Ratio: Temperature: Expansions Coeff.: G-Modulus: Young's-modulus in n- s- or t-direction Poisson's ratio of the material in ns-, nt- or st-plane Temperature of the following material data thermal expansion coefficient in n-, s- or t-direction G-modulus of the material
9.1.4.
Elementgroups
GLFRAME supports a subdivision in element groups for the element types beam, PSE, shell, boundary and truss. Element groups are identified by names (numbers are also names). The information table for elementgroups can be activated from the element tables or from the plot table.
One input line is shown for each elementgroup. The table shows the name of the element groups and the number of elements for each group (without generated elements). The name < > is a special name of the first (initial) element group which always exists and whose name cannot be changed. The name of all other groups can be changed directly in this table. Groups can be joined together by selecting the lines and using the command "join". A elementgroup, and all elements of that elementgroup, can be deleted with the "delete" command for the selected row(s).
9.2.
9.2.1.
In this section, the Nodes (with 6 degrees of freedom) of the FE model are described.
Degree of freedom:
Four nodes shall be generated in an equal distance between node 1 and node 11. The generation is described in the input line of node 1 with 'Step' = 2 and 'Dest' = 11. The nodes 3, 5, 7 and 9 are generated by this input. The generated nodes will be provided with the degrees of freedom of the first node. The generation parameters are displayed in red if they are not valid, e.g. the node given in the column 'Dest.' has to be described. It is permitted that the node of destination itself is a generated node.
Additional commands
Generate Nodes : This command generates the nodes which are described by the generation parameters of the current row. It is also possible to use this command for a selection, e.g. for the complete table. This command moves the coordinates by dx,dx and dz of all nodes which are inside the given range of coordinates described by Xmin-Xmax, YminYmax and Zmin-Zmax. This command copies all nodes in the range from <First Node> number to <Last Node> number. The first copied node gets the node number <Target Node>. The nodes can also be moved in X-,Y- and Z-direction using this command. Warning: It is not possible to overwrite an existing node. This command inter-/extrapolates one ore more nodes between <First Node> and <Second Node> at the given locations for X, Y, Z or L, whereby L describes the length from node <First Node>. The first interpolated node POSEIDON User Manual
Move
Copy
Interpolate
gets the node number <Target Node>. All following node numbers will be incremented by <Node Increment>. Warning: It is not possible to overwrite an existing node. Between Nodes on Line: This command generates constant spaced nodes between <First Node Number> and <End Node Number>.
Between Nodes on Circular Arc: This command generates constant spaced nodes on arcs similar to Between Nodes on Line. Intersection of two Lines: This command generates a node on the intersection of two lines. Intersection of Line and Plane: This command generates a node on the intersection of a line and a plane. Temperatures Shows / hides the column for the "Nodal Temperature"
9.2.2.
In this section, beam elements with 2 nodes and 6 degrees of freedom per node are described. Two input lines are necessary for each beam. In the first line the data of the beginning of the beam are listed (node I), in the second line the data of the end of the beam are shown (node J).
-2 - parallel to global Y-axis (+ direction) -3 - parallel to global Z-axis (+ direction) -4 - parallel to global X-axis (- direction) -5 - parallel to global Y-axis (- direction) -6 - parallel to global Z-axis (- direction) 2. Positive numbers are read as node number K. In this case, the local yaxis is situated in the plane which is described by the node I, J, K. Section No.: Section number of the beam. Different sections can be stated at the beginning and at the end of a beam. A rectilinear geometrical course of the beam between the two cross-sections is assumed. Sections of beams can be defined in any way (see section 5.) End releases at the nodes I and J. A 0 means that forces respectively moments are transmitted in the appropriate direction. A 1 means that no forces respectively moments are transmitted. The columns 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 specify the direction. 1 = local x-axis (longitudinal force) 2 = local y-axis (transverse force) 3 = local z-axis (transverse force) 4 = around local x-axis (torsional moment) 5 = around local y-axis (bending moment) 6 = around local z-axis (bending moment) Step NoS: Generating parameter. The increase (step) of node numbers is entered in the first input line. The increase is added to node I as well as to node J. The number of beams to be generated (Number of Step) is entered in the second input line. The beam number is continuously increased when generating. Distance of the end of the beam with enlarging (for x-direction) respectively infinitely great (for y- and z-direction) stiffness, measured from node I respective J. A positive value for y or z causes an offset in positive local direction (y/l and z/l should be 2 if PSEs are connected). Length of the beam. No input field. When node I and J are defined the length of the beam is calculated automatically.
Endrel 1 2 3 4 5 6:
Rigid ends:
Length:
The generation parameters are checked immediately. The program checks whether the generated node numbers are valid and whether an already existing beam has to be generated. The program marks the generation parameter in red if they are not valid. The node and cross-section numbers are automatically restricted without giving error information when leaving the permitted area. The highest permitted number can be determined easily using this restriction. For the calculations of dead weights for beams see Section 10, Load factors.
Special "in plane beams for beams generated by POSEIDON, CSR-OT module.
Normally Poseidon generates beams with a rigid ends for stiffeners on plates. The CSR for Oil Tanker to use in plane beams instead. For this the input table alters:
Additional commands
Copy : This command copies all beams in the range from <First Beam> to <Last Beam>. The first copied beam gets the number <Target Beam>. The node numbers are increased by <Node Increment>. If the beam element shall be copied to a different element group the name must be given in <Elementgroup>. : This command generates the beams which are described by the generation parameters of the current row. It is also possible to use this command for a selection, e.g. for the complete table. If "on" is selected all beams of all element groups are shown.
Generate Elements
All lines on
/off
9.2.3.
Two types of surface elements can be used in GLFRAME: shell and membrane elements. Both can be either 3-node or 4-node elements.
Shell elements have stiffness in all translatory and rotatory degrees of freedom of its nodes. Hence they can be used for modeling membrane as well as bending stiffness. The following limitations apply:
Shell elements with 4 nodes may be slightly warped although the angle between opposite edges should not exceed 5. Only isotropic material is supported for shell elements. Thermic element loads and pressure on the (i-j)-edge as described in section Element Temperature and Pressure are not supported for shell elements.
Membrane elements (Plain Stress Elements, P.S.E.) have stiffness in two translatory degrees of freedom
per node. Membrane elements with 4 nodes may be warped although the angle between opposite edges should not exceed 30.
Two input lines are necessary for each Surface element. Stiffeners located on membrane elements can be entered directly.
Type: Node: I J / K L
c:
the type and the dimensions can be selected from a combo-box. The following stiffeners are possible (dimension mm): HP height * thickness FB (flatbar) height * thickness L (angle bar) web height* web thickness * flange width* *flange thickness T (girder) web height*web thickness * flange width * flange thickness Area Area in mm**2 O (cutouts) (D1 * D2) D1: length of cutout in direction of "a" D2: length of cutout vertical to D1
Note:
Cutouts with round edges are considered in the stiffness matrix of the element for rough mesh models. A fine mesh model is necessary for a detailed stress analyses. Generation parameter. The increase of node numbers is entered in the column "Step" which is used to increase the node numbers (I, J, K, L). The number of surface elements to be generated is entered in column "NoS". The element number will increase continuously when new elements are being generated.
The generation parameters are checked immediately. The program checks whether the generated node numbers are valid and whether an already existing beam has to be generated. The program marks the generation parameter in red if they are not valid. The node and material numbers will automatically be restricted without any error message when leaving the permitted area.
Additional commands
Copy : This command copies all elements in the range from <First Element> to <Last Element>. The first copied element has the number <Target Element>. The node numbers are increased by <Node Increment>. If the element shall be copied to a different element group the name must be given in <Elementgroup>. : This command generates the elements, which are described by the generation parameters of the current row. It is also possible to use this command for a selection, e.g. for the complete table. If "on" is selected all elements of all element groups are shown. Shows / hides the column for the "Element Temperature and Pressure"
Generate Elements
/off :
pressures read from a .bmf file (created by another FE program, e.g. SAP). The GLFRAME static solution uses the values during the calculation of thermal or pressure element loads. Temp: Press: Temperature of the element for zero stress Normal pressure on the I-J-edge of the element
9.2.4.
Boundary elements
In this section, Boundary elements (spring elements) with stiffness for 6 degrees of freedom are described.
The node number will be restricted automatically without any error message when leaving the permitted area.
Additional commands
Generate Elements : This command generates the elements, which are described by the generation parameters of the current row. It is also possible to use this command for a selection, e.g. for the complete table. If "on" is selected all elements of all element groups are shown.
All lines on
/off
9.2.5.
In this table nonlinear spring elements can be assigned to nodes. For each node up to 6 springs (6 degrees of freedom) can be defined. In Distinction from linear springs, the stiffness will be given as a pointer to a force-displacement-curve, which is given in a separate table.
9.2.6.
In this table the force-/displacement-curves for nonlinear spring elements are described. One curve is described at one screen page. The curve is given by a polyline; each row describes one point at this polyline. If values outside the curve are calculated a warning is written to the log file and the stiffness of the spring is constant to the next point.
9.3.
9.3.1.
Cross Sections
Definitions
In this part of the program section values (normal and shear areas, moments of inertia and section modulus) of thin-walled, open or closed sections can be calculated. All structural members are entered in the local beam co-ordinate system (y-z-plane). Structural members having a thickness less than 0.5 mm are not considered and therefore can be used to connect section parts. Note GLFRAME now calculates the results of a cross-section automatically after each alteration. To avoid this, the check-box for "lock results" in the table "geometric properties" must be checked.
The usage of more than one material for one cross section is allowed, but the material number of the dominating material has to be given. To consider different materials, although the results of a cross-section calculation use only the reference material, the areas of all members are multiplied by the factor Reh_of_member / Reh_of_reference_material. This also applies to cross- sections with only one material. Only linear isotropic materials are allowed in this section.
Type:
List-Box. Type of structural member Plate plate PlateR cylinder respectively cylinder parts Circle circle or hollow circle for the cross-section of a pipe or a bead-molding. FB flat bar HP HP-profile L= angle bar T= T-bar For a cross-section definition using type Cycle only one input line without symmetry is allowed. Dimensions of the plate or profile. The required format is also displayed in a tool-tip. For type Plate: plate width * plate thickness PlateR: radius*plate thickness*angle[deg] of the segment Circle: Outer Diameter * Inner Diameter FB: height of profile * thickness HP: height of profile * thickness of bulb L: height of profile * thickness of web * width of flange*thickness of flange T: height of web * thickness of web * width of flange*thickness of flange Turning angle. For Theta = 0 plates will extend in the positive y-direction and for Theta = 90 they will extend in the positive z-direction. Theta describes the beginning of the tangent (see also a) for cylinders respectively cylinder segments. For Theta = 0 the web height for profiles will extend along the positive y-direction and the frame spacing will extend along the zaxis. In case of a negative Theta, structural members are mirrored along the y-axis before turning. Use -360 for -0. number of profiles. It is also possible to enter a real number below 1.0 for corroded stiffeners. frame spacing for profiles. y- and z-co-ordinate dependent on T for plates: Beginning of the plate (moulding line). for profiles: base point of the profile. For a range of profiles the first is used. Dialog-box. Use this dialog to describe the end-point of a plate instead of entering values for breadth and theta. The end co-ordinates of the structural member can be entered in this dialog-box as follows: plates: Theta and width are calculated if y- and z-co-ordinates are given. If a plate name is given instead of coordinates, the intersection point with this named plate will be used as endpoint. In this case the program only needs one co-ordinate, which determines the intersection point. The proposed sign for "Theta" can be changed. plate with radius: Same possibilities as for Type 1, radius and opening angle will be given, Theta has to be known. profiles: The program needs the co-ordinate (Y-pos. and Zpos.) of the (first) base point of the profile. As for Type 1 it is possible to give both co-ordinates or one coordinate and the name of the plate on which the profile is located. Additionally the angle of the profile can be given absolute or relative to the moulded line of the plate. An input of "R90" (as proposed by the program) FE Program GLFRAME 189
Note
Dimension
Theta:
n: a ya, za:
(End of plate)
means a right-angled position on the neutral axis of the plate whereby the direction of the frame spacing gets the direction of the plate (a negative frame spacing might be necessary to cause this). It is also possible to mirror the profile against its moulded line (i.e. "R-90"). To position the profile(s) on the opposite side of the plate the relative angle must be greater than 180 (i.e. R270). Sym. Mat. Kapa Sigma Kapa Tau Note: Attributes List-box for the symmetry designation. List-box. A unique number identifies the material. The list-box shows the complete material table. reduction factor for compressive stresses reduction factor for shear stresses
The calculation of the ultimate bending moments and/or shear forces is the only part where the Kapa values are used. See 9.3.6. Dialog-box. Attributes serve to further describe the plate. At this time, the following attributes are supported: - NES (non-effective shear) The member has no influence on the vertical shear distribution. - NEB (non-effective bending) The member has no influence on the bending strength in the ship longitudinal direction. - NEX (non effective shear and bending) A combination of NES and NEB - cutout describes a cutout in the plate with c=distance form start of plate to start of cutout; dyz=length of cutout in the cross-section. Dy/L not implemented yet. - effWidth effective widths are described by the four factors be/b, bi/b, bei/bi and bej/bj with: be = effective width of plate bei = effective width (beginning of plate) bej = effective width (end of plate) b = width of plate bi = distance between web and beginning of plate
Additional commands
Torsion box : Calculates the torsional moments of inertia for girders in double hull construction according to the following formula:
Post-processor
: :
Use this command to produce plots for all or any given selection of the described cross-sections, which can be selected in a dialog-box. Places a window over the section and copies all structural members, situated within this window, in a new section. After input of this command the program proposes a free section number and the min/max values of the window. (The program proposes a window being situated above the whole section). The copied structural members will be added to this section if the proposed section number is changed into an already existing one. Structural members, which are partly situated within the window, are automatically 'cutoff'. Concerning profiles, the base has to be situated within a window. Concerning cylinders respectively cylinder segments the initial and the final point have to be situated within the window. This command can also be activated from the context-menu (right-mouse-click) of the preview. In this case the window can be dragged with the mouse. This command searches for a free section number.
::
9.3.2.
Summary of Sections
In this table the results of a cross-section calculation are shown. The values are calculated automatically unless the check box "lock results" is marked.
9.3.3.
Geometric Properties
In this table the results of a cross-section calculation, required for finite element calculation of beams, are shown. The values are calculated automatically unless the check box "lock results" is marked.
Description of table
9.3.4.
Stress Distribution
In this table the unit stress distribution is shown. The maximum stress in each column is 1N/mm^2 (The shown values are multiplied by 1000). The forces and moments which creates a maximum stress of 1 N/mm^2 are shown in the lowest line of the table. The unit stress distribution can be plotted by the show command: Blue Red for values < 850 for values above 950 Green for values < 950 Purple for members with Attribute NEB or NEX
9.3.5.
Stress Evaluation
In this table the equivalent stress according to v.Mises of a cross-section can be calculated. The forces and Moments must be given. The preview shows either max. Sig.v. or max US. The following color code is used: Blue Red for values < 85% for values above 95% Green for values < 95%
Description of table
LC No.: Forces:
Load case identification number X : Normal force Y : Shear force in Y-direction Z : Shear force in Z-direction YY : Bending moment around the Y-axis ZZ : Bending moment around the Z-axis XX : Torsional moment Shear flow (secondary shear stress not yet implemented) Bi-Moment which creates warping stresses
Moments:
max US
9.3.6.
Capacity of Section
Additional commands
Recalculate This command recalculates the capacity of the section
Description of mask
Additional commands
Recalculate All lines on /off : This command recalculates the capacity of the section If "on" is selected all existing plates and profiles are shown
9.3.7.
In this table the results of a cross-section calculation based on the finite element are shown. The values are calculated by using the command Calculate and Show Results. The values are plotted against the longitudinal direction. Use the Plot Properties dialog (right mouse-click) to select the wanted values for the plot. Select one of the following options from the dialog box which is shown up after pressing the Calc- Button to determine how beam elements shall be considered: square in base point of beam: A quadratic element with the section area of the beam element is generated at the position of the beam. square in point defined by rigid end: A square element as in item 1 is moved by the values of the Rigid Ends additionally. Warning,, by using this the elements are not connected any longer and some results of the cross-section calculation are falsified. rectangle from base point to endpoint defined by rigid ends A rectangle element of area equal to the section area of the beam is generated.
The items 2 and 3 are not available for CSR-OT models (there are no rigid-end values available)
Description of table
9.3.8.
Report
In this section a report of cross sections can be generated. The tables and plots will be inserted into the report document by marking the relevant items. The report document will be saved as a RTF-file in the actual folder. Note: The values in the grid are not saved. In order to insert the page numbers into the report document, please mark the whole document with CTRL-A and press F9.
Plot Input With Plate Thickness: Mark this box to insert a plot of the section (labelled with plate thickness and without profiles). Plot Input With Profiles: Mark this box to insert a plot of the section (labelled without plate thickness but with profiles.
Plot Input With Plate Thickness: Mark this box to insert a plot of the section (labelled with plate thickness but with profiles). Plot Input With Plate Thickness: Mark this box to insert a plot of the section (labelled with plate thickness but with profiles). Shear Stress Distr. in Z-Dir: Shear Stress Distr. in Y-Dir: Shear Stress Distr. Torsion: Plot Omega Distribution: Mark this box to insert a plot of the section with shear stress distribution in ZDirection. Mark this box to insert a plot of the section with shear stress distribution in YDirection. Mark this box to insert a plot of the section with shear stress distribution torsion. Mark this box to insert a plot of the section with omega distribution.
Additional commands
Generate Report Use this command to generate the report.
9.4.
9.4.1.
Loads
Nodal loads
Additional commands
Generate Elements : This command generates the loads, which are described by the generation parameters of the current row. It is also possible to use this command for a selection, e.g. for the complete table. If "on" is selected all loads of all load groups are shown.
All lines on
/off
9.4.2.
Prescribed Displacements/Rotations
This section allows the input of prescribed displacements of nodes. One line is used for one degree of freedom of a node. The prescribed displacements are changed into loads during calculation. Warning: No additional loads (in any loadcase) are allowed for nodes with prescribed displacement.
Additional commands
All lines on /off : If "on" is selected all prescribed displacements of all load groups are shown.
9.4.3.
Beam loads
In this section line loads as well as point loads can be entered. The loads can be subdivided into groups. The loads have to be in the same groups as the corresponding beams. The actual group can be selected in the header of the table. For each beam load two input lines are necessary. In the first line the loads of node I (Pi) can be found, the second line shows the loads of node J (Pj).
2.
c<0
3.
line load
c>0 The beam is only loaded with the share of load which is situated within the length L of the beam.
Additional commands
Generate Elements : This command generates the loads, which are described by the generation parameters of the current row. It is also possible to use this command for a selection, e.g. for the complete table. If "on" is selected all loads of all load groups are shown.
All lines on
/off
9.4.4.
Plane Loads
Input plane loads for one or more Plane Stress- or Shell Elements. Two input lines are necessary for each plane load. In the first line the loads for the points I and J of the plane load are situated, in the second line the loads for K and L.. The nodes must be given either clockwise or counterclockwise.
Select either a load group or enter a node number depending on the type of filter you have chosen.
Name:
Additional commands
All lines on /off : If "on" is selected all loads of all load groups are shown.
9.4.5.
Load factors
In each input line one load group is attached to the global load cases through any factor. In each column there is one global load case. It is possible to enter names for load groups as well as for the global load cases. For the calculations of dead weights GLFRAME supports three special load groups. 202 FE Program GLFRAME POSEIDON User Manual
Dead W. X
This load group contains the masses for all elements. Corresponding nodal loads will be calculated for the global X-direction if this load group is activated. This load group contains the masses for all elements. Corresponding nodal loads will be calculated for the global Y-direction if this load group is activated. This load group contains the masses for all elements. Corresponding nodal loads will be calculated for the global Z-direction if this load group is activated.
Dead W. Y
Dead W. Z
The specific weights for beams are given by the material of the used cross-section, for PSE- and truss elements by material of the elements. The described dead weights above will be multiplied with the entered load factors. For the dead-weight calculations see also material density for beams and PSEs. For beams only the length between the rigid ends is taken into account.
Additional commands
Delete GLC Copy GLC Join : : : Select the global load case, which should be deleted. All factors of the column of the global load case are set to '0'. Copies the factors from one global load case <Loadcase> into the global load case <Target Loadcase>. Each value will be multiplied with <Factor>. The factors of global load case <First Loadcase> and <Second Loadcase> are added by this command. The result is stored in load case <Target Loadcase>. : The load group for the calculation of dead weights is generated by this command. Select the direction: Direction = 1 for the global X-direction. (2= Y,3= Z) Add Masses Add Unit Loads : : The global load case for the calculations of masses (to calculate eigenfrequencies) is generated by this command. Creates one load group (UNIT LOADS) and 6 load cases (UNIT LC X .. UNIT LC ZZ) with load group factor 1 in this group. to allow the calculation of unit loads. If these data are defined, GLFRAME automatically creates unit loads for the associated degrees of freedom and therefore it is not necessary for the user to define nodal loads for all unit loads.
Add Deadweight
9.4.6.
Element Loadgroups
Definition of element loads. In this table the type of element loads to be calculated for each element group can be selected. This choice can then be connected to a load group. Because each element group can occur more than once in this table, it is possible to connect the same group to several load groups.
Load group number. If the number is unknown an error message occurs when starting the calculation. Calculation of normal pressure on I-J-edge of PSEs (Y/N) ? Calculation of temperature loads for trusses and PSEs (Y/N) ? In development. Use input in table Load Factors
9.4.7.
Time function
This part defines the time function for the nonlinear calculation. Time functions are polylines where each description line describes one point of the polyline. If the calculation exceeds the polyline a warning occurs and the calculation will continue with time value 0. During the calculation in each time step loads of all load cases will be calculated. Afterwards all those values will be factorized by the time function always connecting loads of load case i with time function i. If there are more time functions than load cases a message will occur and the missing load cases will be generated with load factor 1. Initial strains and stresses also get factorized by the time function.
9.5.
Results
9.5.1.
Additional commands
Filter Store/Add deflection : Dialog-box. Several options to filter the results of the table are displayed in a dialog-box. These commands adds or stores deflections of a calculated non-symmetric system. For a symmetric system with non-symmetric loads, the degrees of freedom have to be described as boundary elements at the symmetry line. The symmetric as well as the non-symmetric system must have the same degrees of freedom (equations). The calculation starts with the symmetric constraints, the deflections are stored using the "Store deflection" command. Then the non-symmetric system is calculated. Using the "Add deflection" command does the overlay of both systems. If "on" is selected all load cases are shown.
All lines on
/off
9.5.2.
The calculated forces and moments of boundary elements are shown in this table.
Additional commands
Filter All lines on /off : Dialog-box. Several options to filter the results of the table are displayed in a dialog-box. If "on" is selected all load cases are shown.
9.5.3.
The calculated forces and moments of nonlinear spring elements are shown in this table.
9.5.4.
The calculated forces and moments of beam elements are shown in this table. For each beam element, forces and moments are printed out at the following locations: Note: at the nodes at the location of point loads at the ends of the rigid ends in x-direction at the ends of line loads at the maximum of moments (shear force = 0) The results are given in the local coordinate systems of the beams.
Additional commands
Filter All lines on /off : Dialog-box. Several options to filter the results of the table are displayed in a dialog-box. If "on" is selected all load cases are shown.
9.5.5.
For each beam element, stresses are printed out if one ore more stresses are above limits . Within rigid ends, no stresses are calculated. The v. Mises stresses are calculated for the extreme section ordinates as follows:
Sigvxyy = Sigvxzz =
9.5.6.
For each truss element the normal stress and the force are shown.
9.5.7.
For each element the membrane stresses are shown. Buckling is not considered.
At centre of each edge, normal stresses are calculated from the node deflections.
Note: using PSEs with orthotropic material and different expansion coefficients for n-, s- and t-directions this stresses are not available. 2. stresses at element centre: = # shear: Smin, Smax: Beta: Maximum v. Mises: v. Mises C: Utilisation Factor: I-J: stresses parallel to the I-J-edge at the centre of the element I-J: stresses vertical to the I-J-edge at the centre of the element simultaneously operating shear stresses principal stresses in the centre of the element angle between the first principal stress and the I-J-edge maximum values of the equivalent stress at the centre of the element and at the centre of each edge. Equivalent stress at the centre of the element Utilisation factor of the element. This factor considers: - The above Maximum v. Mises value. - The critical buckling stresses for simple supported plate fields according to GL rules. The buckling calculations are made for an idealized rectangular plate, which matches best the geometry of the element. For stiffened plates, each field described by the stiffeners is checked. The program calculates the critical buckling loads at the stiffeners respectively at the element edges from the normal stresses at the edges. Also the shear stress is considered.
Note:
The utilisation factors for non-rectangular elements are only approximated values. The maximum value of all checks for one element is displayed. A value > 1 indicates an overloaded element.
Additional commands
Filter Display Max v. Mises (GL) Dialog-box. Several options to filter the results of the table are displayed in a dialog-box. Displays columns with Max. v Mises and Utilisation. factor acc. GL
9.5.8.
For further details for the membrane stresses see also 9.5.7.
Additional commands
Show Lambda acc. CSR-OT Existing Lambda: Permissible Lambda: FMZ: Existing Lambda: Lambda n.a. to weld: Lambda a. to weld: Displays columns with yield utilisation factor acc. CSR-OT. Existing Lambda acc. CSR-OT, Section 9, Table 9.2.1. Permissible Lambda acc. CSR-OT, Section 9, Table 9.2.1. Fine Mesh Zone Existing Lambda acc. CSR-OT, Section 9, Table 9.2.3. Permissible Lambda not adjacent to weld acc. CSR-OT, Section 9, Table 9.2.3. Permissible Lambda not adjacent to weld acc. CSR-OT, Section 9, Table 9.2.3. The following columns are shown for Cargo Hold Models:
9.5.9.
For further details for the membrane stresses see also 9.5.7. On the second line bending stresses at the centres of all edges and at the element centre are shown (the order is given in the table header). The given values contain no membrane stress contribution and refer to the top of the element. (The cross product of the vector from node i to node j and the vector from node i to node k points to the top side of the element.) The total stress at the topside of the element is hence given by the sum of the membrane part (first row) and the bending part (second row). The total stress at the bottom side of the element is given by the difference of the membrane part and the bending part. In the columns marked by (1) the stress parallel to the (i-j)-edge is given. In the columns marked by (2) the stress normal to the (i-j)-edge is given and (3) refers to the corresponding shear stress.
9.5.10. Eigenfrequencies
Using the command "Fe Model: Dynamic Analysis" it is possible to determine eigenfrequencies and eigenmodes of the modeled structure. Prior to invoking this command, masses must have been input (density larger than zero and/or additional loads) and a global load case "EigenFreq" and the three load POSEIDON User Manual FE Program GLFRAME 209
groups for deadweights must have been generated using the command "add masses" in section 9.4.5. Usually the factor for these load groups is 1.0. Additional loads (nodal, beam or plane loads) can be added to the global load case "EigenFreq" by adding a factor in the appropriate column in section 9.4.5. Since these loads are input as forces, this factor must reflect the corresponding acceleration to obtain additional masses. Therefore the factor for these load groups should be 1/9.81 = 0.102.
Explanation
It is possible to choose between two types of dynamic analysis: all frequencies in interval: Y calculate all eigenfrequencies and -modes in the given frequency interval between "frequency low" and "frequency high" N calculate the number of eigenfrequencies and -modes above "frequency low" as given by "number of frequencies" Furthermore, an upper bound for the maximal relative error in the desired eigenfrequencies can be specified under "max relative error".
Numerical method
The Lanczos method with diagonal mass matrix is applied. That is, all masses are lumped on adjacent nodes. The Lanczos method calculates eigenmodes iteratively. All eigenmodes are normalized such that they have unit-generalized masses. A few (e.g. the lowest) eigenfrequencies and -modes can be found fastest by specifying "all frequencies in interval: N" and a small number for "number of frequencies". Then, the time required for the eigensolution should not be much higher than the time for one static solution. For large systems and if many eigenmodes are requested, solution time will be a small multiple of the time for a static solution. If many eigenmodes have to be determined "all frequencies in interval" should be set to "Y".
Displaying results
The found eigenmodes can be displayed in the same way as the static solutions to different global load cases. Here, the first eigenmode corresponds to the first global load case, the second eigenmode to the second global load case, etc.
9.6.
9.6.1.
Grillage
General remarks
"Grillage" is a pre- and post-processor for two-dimensional grillage structures. The pre-processor can generate FE models by either using beam- or shell elements. The post-processor is only for beam elements available. Models using shell elements can be analyzed with the 9.5 section of GLFRAME.
General Data
Mark this field for complete double skin structures. For structures which are using box girders partially only see 9.6.3. The input scantlings are gross thicknesses. Mark this field to perform the calculation with net thicknesses (gross thicknesses reduced by the corrosion allowances). Mark this field to calculate according GL-Rules I-1-1, Section 17, Edition 2012
Definition of girders and stiffeners by individual sections. The sections must be located within the 1st plate and neighbor each other consecutively, if covered by the same girder number. Generation of the FE model. For beam elements the results can be shown inside the preview window. For shell elements and for beam elements the results can be viewed inside the 9.5 section of GLFRAME.
Generate FE Model
This command starts the generation of a FE model based on the specified parameters. Select either the generation of beam elements or shell elements. 1. Generate Beam elements Each girder is entered into an element group with group designation "GIRDER No.". The girder number and the distance to the starting point of the 1st girder section is part of the cross-section designation. With this information the cross-sections can be identified The loads are plotted as beam loads. Surface loads are counted among load group 1, container loads to the specified load group. Insert Stiffeners in GLFRAME-Sections: Mark this field to consider continuous stiffeners in the cross-section definitons. Note: The stiffeners are not checked against buckling or local loads.
2. Generate Shell elements All loads applied will be created as nodal loads. Max. Edge Length: Note: This value limits the maximum length of element edges.
For shell elements the evaluation has do be done in the result section of GLFRAME.
Preview Window
The preview of the "GRILLAGE" tables uses a tabbed view. It can show the plate definition, a girder or the results of a girder.
For the results the following entries can be modified: Girder Number Loadcase Max. Case Buckling of plates Buckling of stiffeners List-box. Select the girder, which should be shown. Global Load Case. Select this for the maximum loads from all load cases. Enable or disable the automatic buckling calculations of plates with this option. Enable or disable the automatic buckling calculations of stiffeners with this option.
Global constants
Spring constant Minimum girder length Note: = 1.0D10 kN/m = 200 mm (considered in program)
The breath of the nearest plate field to the corresponding girder is used for the calculation of the effective width. For the buckling utilisation in the result plot the max. plate field for the complete girder is used. The horizontal design load pA (see Section 17 B 2.1.5) is not considered.
Note:
9.6.2.
Plates
Plate 1 represents the contour of the entire grillage system in the X, Y-plane. All other plates defining thickness variations in plate 1 must, therefore, be located within the area defined by plate 1. Where more than 2 plates are located on top of each other, the highest number plate is used. A plate of thickness 0 is an air gap. The generated width is searched for up to an air gap only. With a view to correct generation these plates should have the highest numbers. In the case of twin-hull structures air gaps are not admissible. For twin-hull structures, to begin with, as outlined above, plate 1 and the pertinent thickness variations are inputted. For the 2nd plating use the copy command to get the same contour in the X, Y-plane to that of plate 1, afterwards the Z-coordinates can be modified. All Z-coordinates of the 2nd plate must be either greater or smaller. Subsequently like for plate 1, plates can be inputted which define any thickness variations in this plate. All other plates, the contours of which correspond to that of plate 1 and having different Z-coordinates, are ignored. In each line the corner point of a plate contour is indicated. Note: A red box inside the table indicates a plate with an edge, which is too short. This might be the edge from the last point to the first point of a plate.
In twin-hull structures the moulded line of the first described plate is used. The moulded line of the 2nd plate is located on the other side!
2 for Plates at second skin No. Thickness Material No. X, Y, Z Identification number Plate thickness List-box. Select the identification number of the material from the list-box. Coordinates of the edges The Z-coordinate can only be entered for plate 1 and for the pertinent shifted plate for twin hulls.
Preview Window
See also in section 9.6.1.
Additional commands
Generate FE Model Copy All lines on /off : : Starts the generation of a FE model based on the specified parameters. See also in section 9.6.1. Copies a plate description. All coordinates can be moved by an offset. All on means that the geometry information for all plates is shown, whereby with all off only the plates are shown.
9.6.3.
In this table the individual girders and stiffeners of the grillage system are defined. To this effect, the grillage system area must have been defined previously, as all parameters are examined also during input. During escape a girder or a stiffener is sorted such that the individual sections adjoin each other. Therefore, the sections must neither overlap, nor may there be gaps between them! Buckling stiffeners, which are shorter than the pertinent girder section, are not considered by the program. If these stiffeners are intended to be considered, an additional girder section matching the coordinates of the stiffener must be inputted. In the case of twin-hull structures the identification key "DH" must be entered in the field "box"!
StartX,StartY
lw
EndX,EndY
Web
Flange
bfe
StartX,StartY
lf
EndX,EndY
Stiffeners and girders located on the lower surface of the Stiffeners and girders located on the upper surface of the
lw box
Note:
hwa hwe twa twe bfa bfe tfa tfe lf hpr bai bei M.No. sup. cond.
Note:
Only used in z-direction for calculation of effective width. To create symmetrical models the moment about Y has to be fixed too. 5 hinged (joint)
Note:
With models containing supports of type 2 or 3 GLFRAME internally uses the nonlinear solver. Therefore only the load sums of the first load case are displayed during calculation, but all load cases will be calculated correctly. For sup. Cond. 2 the stiffness curve 1 of non-linear boundary elements is used and for sup. Cond. 3 the stiffness curve 2 is used. The stiffness curves are also stored in the grillage file. Number of individual loads for calculation of effective width (1-6) (for linear loads N=6) Factor for overall length. Overall length means the length of a girder and/or the length between two Z-supports. Plate compressed (yes/no) (analysis with or without buckling) A constant spacing is assumed for the complete effective width if buckling stiffeners are arranged parallel to the web and if the plate is compressed. Stiffeners are not checked regarding buckling.
N Le C Note:
The effective width is calculated in accordance with the GL Construction Rules, Part 1, Section 3E.
StartX,StartY
lw
EndX,EndY
dz
twa
twe
dx
2c
The stiffeners are defined as outlined above. twa twe n c dz, dx 218 FE Program GLFRAME
Material number at start/end see 1.1.7 Supporting condition: 0 free 1 rigid (compression and tension or rotation) 2 rigid (compression) 3 rigid (tension) 4 symmetrical Only used in z-direction for calculation of effective width. To create symmetrical models the moment about Y has to be fixed too. 5 hinged (joint)
Note:
With models containing supports of type 2 or 3 GLFRAME internally uses the nonlinear solver. Therefore only the load sums of the first load case are displayed during calculation, but all load cases will be calculated correctly. For sup. Cond. 2 the stiffness curve 1 of non-linear boundary elements is used and for sup. Cond. 3 the stiffness curve 2 is used. The stiffness curves are also stored in the grillage file. Number of individual loads for calculation of effective width (1-6) (for linear loads N=6) Factor for overall length. Overall length means the length of a girder and/or the length between two Z-supports. Plate compressed (yes/no) (analysis with or without knuckles) A constant spacing is assumed for the complete effective width if buckling stiffeners are arranged parallel to the web and if the plate is compressed. Stiffeners are not checked regarding buckling.
N Le C Note:
Preview Window
See also in section 9.6.1.
Additional commands
Generate FE Model All lines on Copy /off : : Starts the generation of a FE model based on the specified parameters. See also in section 9.6.1. All on means that the information for all girders is shown, whereby with all off only an overview of the existing girders are shown. Copies a plate description. All coordinates can be moved by an offset.
9.6.4.
Grillage Loads
9.6.4.1. General
This section defines general data of the vessel.
L Lc H T Cb V0 (1+av)
Scantling length Length Lc (according to ICLL, MARPOL 73/78, IBC-Code and IGC-Code), see also GL Rules I1-1, Section 1, H, 2.2 Depth Draft Block coefficient speed Acceleration factor acc. Section 4.C 1.1 of the GL Rules
are generated in load group 1. With the keyword "None" the load group 1 will not be attached to the global load cases.
Y X
dX,dY Substructure
Displacement of container stack for generation Indication of girder(s)/stiffener(s) to which a load is applied Syntax: <Type> <Material> G/S <Number> G/S <Number> Typ: 'B' Bracket or Cantilever 'C' Carling
If a load is considered to be applied on one girder while the grillage has symmetric girders, the C has only one parameter. If a grillage has nonsymmetric girders and the load is applied on one girder, the Bracket type has to be used. No input: End disc not located on the grillage structure. If only the type is indicated, the program will search for the closest girder/stiffener only. Mass hm LCB LCC t.PS LCC t.SB Note: Mass of container stack Centre of gravity of height of container stack Load group for load case B (cargo on hatches) (see GL Construction Rules, Part 1, Section 17) Load group for load case C (tilting to pt. side) (see GL Construction Rules, Part 1, Section 17) Load group for load case C (tilting to stb. side) (see GL Construction Rules, Part 1, Section 17) Load group 1 is reserved for surface loads for all load groups. If load group 0 is inputted, no loads will be generated.
Preview Window
See also in section 9.6.1.
Additional commands
Generate FE Model : Starts the generation of a FE model based on the specified parameters. See also in section 9.6.1.
Input description
No. Item Loadgroup Load on Girder Number of load Text field Loadgroup Selection of girders, to which the surface load is intended to be applied. Syntax: <From-No.> TO <To-No.> STEP <Increment> or "None". All loads are generated in load group 1. With the keyword "None" the load group 1 will not be attached to the global load cases. Surface definition
Preview Window
See also in section 9.6.2.
Additional commands
Generate FE Model : Starts the generation of a FE model based on the specified parameters. See also in section 9.6.2.
9.6.5.
This section shows the results at the container foundations. The FE model must have been generated before.
9.6.6.
This section shows the maximum supporting forces for the different load cases. The FE model must have been generated before.
The stresses are plotted on the web of the respective girder. The upper image shows the web with the bending and shear stresses, the lower image shows the web, with reference stresses.
9.6.7.
This section shows the actual and required geometric properties for stiffeners.
The value Wmax means the section modulus at the plate side and Wmin means the section modulus at the flange side of the stiffener. The required moment of inertia is not implemented yet.
10.
The frame range, from which the data of the subsystem shall be imported, can be defined in the following dialog box.
In the next view the functional elements of the subsystem can be mapped to the actual names. This means that the functional elements of the subsystems are renamed during the import process. Functional elements of the subsystem can be ignored by deleting the entry of new name.
The import is started by pressing the Merge button. After completion the save-as dialog is shown to save the new merged file. Be aware to use a new name!
Input description
DX: DY: DZ: RX: RY: RZ: X: Y: Z: Translation vector. All nodes of the subsystem will be shifted by this vector. Description of the rotation around the global axes. The rotation will be carried out after the translation. Reflection. The sign of the corresponding co-ordinate will be changed after the translation and rotation is performed. Attention: The loads and the local beam co-ordinate systems must be checked afterwards. Means that all nodes of the subsystem will be joined with the actual existing nodes if the deviation is inside the given tolerance.
The option join nodes doesnt work correctly with given generation parameters, all generation parameters of nodes and elements must be removed before using this option The numbers of the subsystem will be increased by the given value. Element groups, which have the same name, will be joined.
Longitudinal Plates Longitudinal Stiffeners Transverse Stiffeners Transverse Girders Transv. Web Plates Transv. Web Stiffeners Transv. Bulkh. Plates Transv. Bulkh. Stiffeners Transv. Bulkh. Girders
Followed by "Frame No:" and the frame number 2. Measurement points. One row for one point. Thickness must be given in mm. Syntax: <ShortCut>;<Item>;<Original thickness>;<measured thickness Portside>;<measured thickness Starboard>
Example:
Longitudinal Plates Frame No: 179 "shell plating";"B2";19.0;18.4;18.1 "shell plating";"B3";19.0;18.3;18.2 Longitudinal Stiffeners Frame No: 179 "shell stiff";"st4";12.0;11.8;11.6 "shell stiff";"st6";12.0;11.7;11.9
Empty lines in the file will be ignored. <real>: <int>: integer [...]: entry is optional a value has to be chosen real number
{...,...}:
LINE a linear connection with the following point CIRCLE a circular connection with the next point. The radius can be calculated because the gradient of the tangent at the starting point is used from the previous line.
If no area of validity is given, there is no limitation in the ship longitudinal direction. SYM {P,S} P S valid only for the port side valid only for the starboard side
If no symmetry is given, the description is valid for both sides. 230 Import and Export POSEIDON User Manual
Example file
# Example file, in order to show the syntax PRINDIM LPP 195.4 LWL 195.4 PRINDIM B 29.8 H 50.5 T 10.1 LFRAMETAB RANGES 4 FPP 190 REFFRAMENO 246 -7 720 4 800 47 790 255 790 FUNCELE SHELL FRAMENO 5 POINTS 17 0000.0 9461.2 LINE 1425.1 9617.6 LINE 4102.1 9970.3 LINE 6258.6 10315.8 LINE 8060.2 10679.9 LINE 9955.3 11209.4 LINE 10668.5 11465.4 LINE 11827.8 12021.6 LINE 12736.9 12631.7 LINE 13191.3 13025.3 LINE 13502.8 13336.3 LINE 14023.6 13980.9 LINE 14564.4 15011.0 LINE 14780.9 15755.6 LINE 14886.7 16555.2 LINE 14900.0 16978.8 LINE 14900.0 21400.0 LINE # This is only an example comment FUNCELE SHELL FRAMENO 65 POINTS 20 0000.0 0000.0 LINE 5043.0 0000.1 LINE 5454.9 0005.0 LINE 5826.4 0026.4 LINE 6188.2 0076.3 LINE 6809.2 0208.0 LINE 7630.0 0460.0 LINE 8205.7 0692.3 LINE 9348.8 1317.6 LINE 10020.2 1804.2 LINE 11417.9 3122.2 LINE 12097.6 3944.0 LINE 13231.4 5598.6 LINE 13739.5 6465.3 LINE 14056.2 7092.3 LINE 14587.6 8519.4 LINE 14749.8 9143.2 LINE 14839.9 9592.3 LINE 14900.0 10383.1 LINE 14900.0 21400.0 LINE
...>!ADD nap2pos.mac Then the user is asked to specify his inputs interactively. He can, for instance, chose, whether he wants to export frame table and principal dimensions. This is useful, if he intends to set up a new POSEIDON model from scratch using these section data. However, if there is an existing POSEIDON model and somebody wants to add a few more cross sections, it is highly recommended not to export frame table and principal dimension in order not to overwrite the existing values in the POSEIDON model. Finally, the contours are calculated, exported and viewed on the screen. Points to be exported are highlighted. Inputs Output File Name of the Output file Default name is <Project name>.frm Default path is ~napa/temp/ Object Name Output Principal Dimensions Output Frame Table File Input Input File NAPA Object for which cross sections are to be generated Default value is HULL Shall Principal dimensions be exported? Default value is Y. Shall frame table to be exported? Default value is Y. Shall the program read individual positions from a file? Default value is N. Name of the Input file containing individual positions Default name is <Project name>.inp Default path is ~napa/temp/ Range or List Input mode for frame numbers R L First Frame Last Frame Step Size Frame List Tolerance Range (default). List of individual positions
Start position of range Default value is smallest frame number End position of range Default value is largest frame number Step size Default value is 1 List of individual positions Default value is 50 Computational tolerance Default value is 0.01 [m]
GLFRAME data can be stored in two different file types, in the .glf file format and in the .bmf file format. The .glf files stores the complete input data in ASCII format. The .bmf files stores the FE-model in a binary format. This format can also be used to export a FE model to other programs. The results of a FE calculation are also stored, when available 232 Import and Export POSEIDON User Manual
10.8. Export to Tribon XML of 2D Cross-Section Data 10.9. Export of POSEIDON TXT Files
Additional to the binary format of *.pox file the data can be stored now in readable ASCII Format (*.txt file). This format can also be read directly with the file open command.
11.
FE-Analysis Buckling
11.1. General
This program section is intended for a systematic buckling assessment of plates and stiffeners of longitudinal and transverse members according to the classification rules using stresses obtained from a finite element calculation. The buckling field and stiffener geometry are calculated automatically from the Poseidon input data, the field properties thickness and yield stress will be derived from the finite element model. The stresses will be computed from the attached finite element model defined in BMF format. For accessing the finite element results to be used for the buckling assessment, the Poseidon plates and the finite elements must match both the geometry and the functional element/element group names. Beside the standard buckling loadcases defined in the GL-Container Ship Rules (I Part 1, Chapter 1, Section 3 F) and the CSRBulk Carrier Rules (Chapter 6, Section 3) the following non trivial buckling field configurations are treated: In case of buckling fields with an edge length ratio of A/B > 1/5 the buckling field will be subdivided on the basis of the CSR-Bulk Carrier recommendation for side shell plates (Chapter 6, Appendix 1) into B*2B rectangular fields. Each of these artificial buckling fields will be checked for buckling as well as the original sized buckling field. The check for buckling of corrugated walls will be performed according to the CSR Bulk Carrier (Chapter 6, Appendix 1) recommendation for corrugated bulkheads. The face- and webplates of the corrugated wall will be assessed separately by subdiving the face- and webplates into several rectangular fields. Each of these artificial buckling fields will then be checked for buckling.
To the current date the systematic buckling analysis is not applicable for buckling fields in way of openings without edge reinforcements. In this case a subsequent post process by the user is necessary. Therefore the actual rules for CSR-Bulk Carrier (Chapter 6, Appendix 1) or CSR-Oil Tanker (Section 10, 3.4.1) shall be considered. Section 9.6.1 Result, Long.Members (Single Buckling Field)
constrains the region for assessing buckling frame number defining the beginning of the assessment region frame number defining the end of the assessment region can be: - S - P - P+S for assessing only the starboard side for assessing only the port side for assessing starboard and port side
safety factor to be used as defined in the classification rules Displacement: Compute stresses for buckling field assessment by the Displacement Method. This method is intended for buckling assessment of cargo hold models (finite element size <= buckling field size). Use element mid stresses for buckling field assessment. This method is intended for buckling assessment where stresses are derived from a global finite element analysis (element size > buckling field size). Each buckling field will be assessed with each stress of the underlying elements. In case of finite elements being smaller than the buckling field this leads in general to more conservative results than the Displacement method.
FE Stress
11.2. Overview
This program section shows the computed buckling field geometry for all longitudinal Functional Elements. Placing the mouse on a displayed buckling field will show the geometric properties of the buckling field.
11.3. Options
11.3.1. Longitudinal Members
11.3.1.1. Plate Thickness
This program section is intended for overwriting the thickness of buckling fields in a given application region. This can be necessary if the element thickness in the finite element model is reduced or decreased because of idealization reasons. The definition of the application region is graphically supported.
Additional Commands:
Copy Rectangle: define the application region in the 2D view by mouse selection and transfer the boundary data to the table.
11.3.1.2.
Stress Conversions
This program section is intended for defining a relation using the original finite element stress for the variation of stress caused from a local thickness modification. This relation is only needed for computing design variations of undersized buckling fields (see section 9.7) by modifying the field thickness without performing a new finite element computation with modified plate thicknesses. The definition of the application region is graphically supported.
mod
t bucklingfield = t changed
EXP
Zmax:
Additional Commands:
Copy Rectangle: define the application region in the 2D view by mouse selection and transfer the boundary data to the table.
This program section is intended for overwriting the thickness of buckling fields in a given application region. This can be necessary if the element thickness in the finite element model is reduced or decreased because of idealization reasons. The definition of the application region is graphically supported.
Additional Commands:
Copy Rectangle: define the application region in the 2D view by mouse selection and transfer the boundary data to the table.
11.3.2.2.
Stress Conversions
This program section is intended for defining a relation using the original finite element stress for the variation of stress caused from a local thickness modification. This relation is only needed for computing design variations of undersized buckling fields (see section 9.7) by modifying the field thickness without performing a new finite element computation with modified plate thicknesses. The definition of the application region is graphically supported.
mod
t bucklingfield = t changed
EXP
Ymin:
front boundary of the application region in transverse direction lower boundary of the application region in vertical direction upper boundary of the application region in vertical direction
Additional Commands:
Copy Rectangle: define the application region in the 2D view by mouse selection and transfer the boundary data to the table.
Factor:
Additional Commands:
Def: All: insert loadgroups fulfilling pressure loadgroup naming convention into table insert all existing loadgroups into table
11.6. Results
11.6.1. Long.Members (Single Buckling Field)
This program section shows the single buckling field results for all longitudinal members. The buckling assessment is based on the GL Classification Rules and stresses derived from the finite element results.
Support Condition A: B: Frame No.: y: z: FE No. : Thick. : Reh : SigX : support condition of buckling field parallel to the A side used for assessment support condition of buckling field parallel to the B side used for assessment frame number of buckling field centre in longitudinal direction y-coordinate of buckling field centre in transverse direction z-coordinate of buckling field centre in vertical direction minor row: major row: minor rows: major row: minor rows: major row: left column: ids of underlying finite elements gross plate thickness used for assessment thickness of underlying finite elements yield stress used for assessment yield stress of underlying finite elements membrane stress parallel to the A side at the beginning of buckling field used for assessment (including stress modification considering the Poisson effect) membrane stress parallel to the A side at the end of buckling field used for assessment (including stress modification considering the Poisson effect) membrane stress parallel to the A side at finite element centre (including stress modification considering the Poisson effect) membrane stress parallel to the B side at the beginning of buckling field used for assessment (including stress modification considering the Poisson effect) membrane stress parallel to the B side at the end of buckling field used for assessment (including stress modification considering the Poisson effect) membrane stress parallel to the B side at finite element centre (including stress modification considering the Poisson effect) shear stress in buckling field plate used for assessment shear stress at finite element centre
right column:
SigY:
right column:
id of most critical loadcase usage factor of the most critical loadcase if evaluation method is FE Stress: ratio of the smallest usage factor of all underlying finite elements for the critical loadcase to the critical usage factor. if evaluation method is Displacement: ratio of the the usage factor based on the FE Stress method for the critical loadcase to the critical usage factor based on the displacement method.
Error:
id indicating buckling fields were assessment could not be performed correctly. Placing the mouse above the error code shows a short explanation of the error. Following errors may occur. Tool Tip Buckling Field not finished. Meaning No buckling fields could be computed for the referring functional element group in the specified frame number range.
Error Code 1
2 3 4
Error in Rules Check. No plates for buckling field found. No element for buckling field found.
Rules check was not successful for the considered buckling field. No Poseidon plates were found for the considered buckling field. No finite elements were found belonging to the considered buckling field. E.g. in case of FE group name and Functional element name mismatch. Buckling field has a complicate boundary condition which could not be mapped to an appropriate boundary condition used for the buckling check. Yield stress of the buckling field could not be determined from the yield stress of the underlying finite elements. Finite elements of buckling field consist of different materials. Considered buckling field is not rectangular. An equivalent rectangular was taken for the buckling check. The stress computation based on the displacement method failed. This may be caused by a geometric mismatch between the Poseidon geometry and the FE mesh. An unknown error occurred. The von Mises stress already exceeds the yield stress of the buckling field. The shear stress exceeds the allowed value of 110N/mm^2 divided by the referring material factor k. Finite elements belonging to the buckling fields are defined with reduced thickness to model a hole or cutout on the buckling field. This configuration could not be automatically assessed for buckling. Pressure loading of the buckling field could not be computed from the finite element load. Stress computation used for the stiffener buckling check could not be determined by the displacement method. Buckling field is not planar. Buckling fields includes hole. The buckling assessment has to be done manually.
7 8
10
11 12 13
Unknown Error. Von Mises stress exceeds Reh. Shear stress exceeds 110/k.
14
15 16
Error in pressure computation. Error in stiffener stress computation. Field not planar. Hole data on buckling field.
17 18
green coloured buckling fields: usage factor is between undersized and oversized value purple coloured buckling fields: usage factor could not be determined
Additional Commands:
Data to Rules Show Buckling Field transfer selected major row data to GL Rules for detailed investigation show selected buckling field geometry and support conditions in detail
major row: uniaxial stress in stiffener direction computed from displacements of end points of stiffener FE-Analysis Buckling 245
major row: membrane stress of underlying plate vertical to the stiffener used for assessment major row: shear stress of underlying plate used for assessment pressure at underlying plate id of most critical loadcase usage factor of the most critical loadcase type of critical buckling case, can be: lat: for lateral buckling tors: for torsional buckling web: for stiffener web buckling flange: for stiffener flange buckling id indicating buckling fields were assessment could not be performed correctly. Placing the mouse above the error code shows a short explanation of the error.
Error:
Explanation of the input fields (heading) Frame No..: Definition of the actual cross-section
width of buckling field used for assessment (always the shorter side of the buckling field) support condition of buckling field parallel to the A side used for assessment support condition of buckling field parallel to the B side used for assessment frame number of buckling field centre in longitudinal direction y-coordinate of buckling field centre in transverse direction z-coordinate of buckling field centre in vertical direction minor row: major row: minor rows: major row: minor rows: major row: left column: ids of underlying finite elements gross plate thickness used for assessment thickness of underlying finite elements yield stress used for assessment yield stress of underlying finite elements membrane stress parallel to the A side at the beginning of buckling field used for assessment (including stress modification considering the Poisson effect) membrane stress parallel to the A side at the end of buckling field used for assessment (including stress modification considering the Poisson effect) membrane stress parallel to the A side at finite element centre (including stress modification considering the Poisson effect) membrane stress parallel to the B side at the beginning of buckling field used for assessment (including stress modification considering the Poisson effect) membrane stress parallel to the B side at the end of buckling field used for assessment (including stress modification considering the Poisson effect) membrane stress parallel to the B side at finite element centre (including stress modification considering the Poisson effect) shear stress in buckling field plate used for assessment shear stress at finite element centre
right column:
SigY:
right column:
id of most critical loadcase usage factor of the most critical loadcase if evaluation method is FE Stress: ratio of the critical usage factor to the smallest usage factor of all underlying finite elements for the critical loadcase if evaluation method is Displacement: ratio of the critical usage factor to the usage factor computed by FE Stress evaluation method for the critical loadcase
Error:
id indicating buckling fields were assessment could not be performed correctly. Placing the mouse above the error code shows a short explanation of the error.
major row: uniaxial stress in stiffener direction computed from displacements of end points of stiffener major row: membrane stress of underlying plate vertical to the stiffener used for assessment major row: shear stress of underlying plate used for assessment pressure at underlying plate id of most critical loadcase POSEIDON User Manual
Fac. Kind:
usage factor of the most critical loadcase type of critical buckling case, can be: lat: for lateral buckling tors: for torsional buckling web: for stiffener web buckling flange: for stiffener flange buckling id indicating buckling fields were assessment could not be performed correctly. Placing the mouse above the error code shows a short explanation of the error.
Error:
11.7. Variations
11.7.1. Single Buckling fields
This program section can be used to modify the relevant design parameters of critical buckling fields to study their influence onto the usage factor without adapting the finite element results (stresses). All critical buckling fields are transferred to this program section and can be manually or automatically investigated. For each critical buckling field a variation computation can be added by selecting the proper row, pressing F6 and modifying length, width, thickness or yield stress of the buckling field. The variation computation is done by using this parameters and iterating over all defined loadcases.
SigY:
Additional Commands:
Calculator: Magic Wand: transfer selected row data to GL Rules for detailed investigation modify buckling field parameters A, B, thickness and Reh automatically so that buckling usage factor is 1.0
11.7.2. Stiffeners
See also 11.7.1 and 11.6.2
12.
Not used
13.
13.1.
Frame No. F/A
Glossary
Actual cross-section
Combo-box for the Frame No of the actual cross-section, which is shown in the preview-plot. Can be selected from a list-box. It determines which longitudinal members are shown in the preview-plot. Transverse members are shown independent of this selection. A+F (Aft and Forward) All functional elements, which are defined at the given Frame No, are shown. F (Forward) Only functional elements, which are also defined further forward, are shown. A (Aft) Only functional elements, which are also defined further aft, are shown.
The actual cross-section is defined by the fields Frame No. and F/A
13.2.
Check-box
A check-box is used for options, which can be either activated, or not. Click the box to toggle between these states.
13.3.
Combo-box
A combo-box is a combination of an input field and a list-box. The text for this field can be entered directly or selected from the attached list-box. It is possible to enter text, which is not shown in the list-box.
13.4.
Design Criteria
The Design Criteria determines which parts of the GL Construction Rules have to be used. Most of the design criteria are attached automatically. Attach the missing Design Criteria by hand. The program considers the following Design Criteria: S Ti <nn> The member belongs to the outer shell. This Design Criterion is attached automatically for functional elements named "Shell" The member limits the tank <nn> and is located in the tank <nn> (The minimum thickness in tanks is taken into consideration). The tank <nn> has to be described in the section Design Criteria Tanks, where nn is the tank number. This Design Criterion is attached automatically. For stiffeners only. The member is located out-side of the tank <nn> (The minimum thickness in tanks is not taken into consideration). The tank <nn> has to be described in the section Design Criteria Tanks, where nn is the tank number. This Design Criterion is attached automatically. The member is located in the tank <nn> and has an opening. Sizing for swashed bulkheads. This Design Criterion is attached automatically. Sizing for weather decks. Sizing for the innerbottom. The height of the inner bottom is calculated out of the plates with this Design Criterion. Do not use this Design Criterion for other plates.
To <nn>
Tw <nn> WD IB
Glossary 253
LG
Longitudinal girders with the number n. This Design Criterion is attached automatically for plates which are vertical attached to the shell and which load center is below the inner bottom height. Sizing for additional loads out of the section Design Criteria Decks, with n as identification number. The member belongs to the coaming. The member belongs to a watertight bulkhead. This Design Criterion is attached automatically for corrugated bulkheads (Attribute CV or CH). Member is a superstructure deck inside. Member is a superstructure deck outside. Member is a superstructure front bulkhead. Member is a superstructure aft end bulkhead. Member is a superstructure side wall. Member belongs to the machinery space. Member is a floor plate. This Design Criterion is attached automatically for web plates with a height below the inner bottom height. Member is a longitudinal bulkhead with efficient protection against mechanical damage by grabs for ships with the class notation "G". Member is a side transverse. (CSR-OT and CSR-BC only) Member is a longitudinal stringer. This Design Criterion is attached automatically for horizontal plates in the cargo area, which are located between side shell and inner hull: (CSR-OT and CSR-BC only) Sizing for a load of steel coils on a wooden support. The identification number n indicates the steel coil load defined in section 4.3 "Cargo and Decks". (CSR-BC only) This is normally detected automatically by the description of the tanks. Compartment loads are detected automatically; additional loads can be given here. E.g. local plarform loads in the machinery space or Steel Coil loads can be assigned (defined in 4.3.2) The member is circular with the given radius <rrrrr>. This Design Criterion is attached automatically for functional elements, when a radius < 15m can be found. Check this Design Criterion always! Partly curved plate field at the end of a bilge strake according to GL rules I-I-1 Section 6 B.4.3. This Design Criterion is attached automatically for functional elements. Check this Design Criterion always! This option can be used to indicate, that a member is surrounded by dry space on all sides (for calculation of corrosion additions), without defining the adjacent compartments. It is not necessary to assign this, if the compartments on both sides are defined as dry space - in that case the correct corrosion additions are calculated automatically. This Design Criterion can be assigned to a Primary Supporting Member, that is not automatically detected as such. It is used to make sure, that the correct minimum net thickness is calculated (CSR-BC only).
C<nn> CO WT Ai Ao Af Ae As M FL G TS LS
CS<nn>
R= <rrrrr>
Rx
DS
PSM
13.5.
<n>
Frame No
integer for the frame number.
This entry describes the position in the ships longitudinal direction with the help of the frame table.
254 Glossary
<n.nn>
with n = frame number and xy = Intermediate frame number for intermediate frames. E.g., if a ship is extended by three frames between frame 90 and 91 the intermediate frames can be entered with 90.01; 90.02; 90.03. Real with exact two decimal places. with b as a factor for the ship length "L" (Example: 0.5L = midship section) n=frame number, dx=Offset in X-direction [mm], whereby positive offset values are always to forward independent of the direction of the frame numbers. The offset can also be given as a fraction of the spacing to the next frame. (Example: 45 + 0.5a)
<b>"L" <n>""<dx>
Note:
An offset of less than 5mm is ignored. Two frame numbers are only different, if the corresponding x-coordinate differs more than 5 mm.
13.6.
List-box
Open the list box by clicking the down arrow at the right and select one choice from the list. It is also possible to type in the choice, but it must exactly match one choice.
13.7.
FB HP L T XT P RP H I
Profile definition:
Flat bar HP- Profile Angle bar T- Profile Girders of high rigidity (e.g. bottom transverses), see also GL Construction Rules, Section 3, Table 3.2. Pipe / hollow pipe Rectangular pipe H-Profile Double T-Profile <height>*<thickness>, for example 320*12
The input alternatives for Profile and stiffener dimensions are: HP and FB Profile T, double T, H,I and L Profile <web height>*<web thickness> * <flange breadth>*<flange thickness>, for example 320*12*150*10 Pipe <outer diameter>*<inner diameter>; inner diameter may be zero, but must be less than outer diameter.
13.8.
a <b>a or a/<b>
A series of stiffener spacing can consist of several parts. The alternative inputs are:
<value>
The above shown entries can also be given one after the other, separated by a semicolon. Example: a;2a;a at First Frame No. = 134 results in stiffeners at 134, 135, 137 and 138.
Glossary 255
The entries can be written in parentheses. Example: 2(a;2a) at First Frame No. = 134 results in stiffeners at 134, 135, 137, 138 and 140. By opening of the dialog box input spacing it is also possible to enumerate the wanted locations, the program determines the description of the series as described above automatically. Note: The frame spacing "a" always guarantees the jump to the next frame, even with varied frame spacing. If the first Frame No has an offset (for example: 134 + 2000), then this will be taken into consideration for all "a" entries. For example: 4a creates a stiffener at every 4th frame + offset. If the range between the First and Last Frame No. is larger than the given order of entry, then the description is used from the beginning again.
13.9.
Sym.
Symmetry entries P: The element is located only at the port side S: The element is located only at the starboard side P+S: The element is located at the port side and the starboard side
256 Glossary