Diane Zaida EDTEP 584: SS Methods Parker 4/13/13 Inquiry Question: What is the real reason peace has

not yet been achieved in Israel-Palestine? Course/Unit: 10th Grade World History/The Modern Middle East Course Placement: This inquiry lesson will come immediately after the unit on the Cold War. As we have already looked at how WWI, WWII, and the Cold War affected different regions around the world (including the Middle East), students will be able to draw on their prior knowledge to recognize the many events that helped shape the current conflict. The data sets will require students to formulate multiple hypotheses and eventually develop a thesis. Following this lesson, students will be asked to think about the current conflict and think if there will ever be a resolution. Purpose: Perhaps no other region of the world has generated so much international attention within the last 50 years than the Middle East, particularly the Israli-Palestinian region. The area has been embroiled in a constant conflict since the day Israel proclaimed statehoodMay 15th, 1948. Since that time Israel has been involved in 3 full out wars with its Arab neighbors and constant outbreaks of violence with Palestinians. The Palestinian alienation has confronted Israel and the world with the nagging question of what must be done to solve what seems to be an intractable problem. The purpose of this lesson is for students to understand that both sides have legitimate issues in regards to the conflict and why there is no quick fix solution. Length: Two 50-minute periods Objectives: After completing this lesson, students will be able to Evaluates the validity, reliability, and credibility of sources when researching an issue or event. (GLE 5.2.2 and HOTS) Analyzes the multiple causal factors of conflicts in world history (1450present.) (GLE 4.3.2 and HOTS) Evaluates multiple reasons or factors to develop a position paper or presentation. (GLE 5.4.1 and HOTS) Materials Video clip of Israeli/Palestinian violence in the Gaza strip: http://www.cbsnews.com/video/watch/?id=50135234n , Powerpoint presentation, data set notecards, graphic organizer, and exit slip. Procedure As the students walk in, have the Walk in Work Powerpoint slide up, asking What is Peace? Give them one or two minutes after the bell rings to have an answer written down and ask them to keep their answer in mind for the following lesson.

Show the Youtube video and read the background information provided below while showing the accompanying Powerpoint slides. Ask the students to produce hypotheses based on the inquiry question, What is the real reason peace has not been achieved in Israel-Palestine? Write the responses on butcher paper Introduce the data sets and revise the hypotheses after each data set. There are eight data sets, each consisting of a Powerpoint slide and some information below. Show the slide and read the accompanying information. Have the students fill in the accompanying organizer for each of the four non-personal account data sets, in order to help organize their thoughts. After each set, ask the students to generate new hypotheses and revise any ones already written down. The students may point out how an existing hypothesis was strengthened or weakened by the new data. Cross out any disconfirmed hypotheses. The background information and three data sets should be done the first day, with the remaining five sets completed the following day. Save the butcher paper from the first day, so that students can continue to revise the same hypotheses on the second day. Assessment After all the data has been shown, ask the students to draft individual thesis statement with two pieces of supporting evidence, using the following prompt: Based on the evidence, the main obstacle to a peaceful resolution of the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict is Announce that you will call on a few random students to share their thesis in order to ensure everyone writes something, and then walk around the room to ensure that the students stay on task. Give the students around 2 minutes to generate a thesis, and then randomly select a few students to share theirs with the class. Ask if anyone else wants to volunteer to share their thesis. The exit slip will be each students thesis plus at least two pieces of evidence to support it. Background How did the Israeli-Palestinian conflict begin? Does its origin go all the way back to the two sons of AbrahamIsaac, the ancestor of the Jews, and Ishmael, the forebear of the Muslims? Did it spring from Muhammads quarrel with the Jews of Medina? Is it a religious war between Judaism and Islam? Or a political war for land and power? Although both Jews and Palestinians have ancient claims to the region, State of Israel didnt officially declare its existence until May 14th, 1948. On May 15th, 1948, Egypt, Syria, Lebanon, Jordan, Iraq, and Saudi Arabia attacked Israel. After the War Israel was an independent nation controlling much of the former Palestinian region including West Jerusalem, Jordan controlled the West Bank and Egypt controlled the Gaza Strip. Approximately 750,000 Palestinians fled or were forced to leave Israel. Likewise, approximately 800,000 Jews in Arab countries also fled or were forced to leave for Israel. In May 1967, Egypt requested withdrawal of UN forces from its land and denied Israel access to the Red Sea. Additionally, Jordan and Egypt signed a mutual defense agreement and Syria continually launched terrorist attacks against Israel. All this convinced Israel that its neighbors were preparing to attack.

Fearing a second Holocaust, Israel launched a surprise attack against Syria, Egypt, and Jordan on June 5th, 1967. Within 6 days, Israel defeated the three nations and controlled The West Bank (and all of Jerusalem), the Gaza Strip, and the Golan Heights. Israel claimed the land as a buffer against future attacks and began to build settlements in the newly occupied territory. In 1977, Egypt reached out to Israel and during the Camp David Accords, with the help of Jimmy Carter, Israel and Egypt signed the first peace treaty between an Arab country and Israel. Egypt recognized Israels right to exist and in return Israel gave the Sinai Peninsula back to Egypt. Despite these tentative steps towards peace, in 1987, there was an uprising (intifada) to demand an end to Israeli Occupation. Israel responded with military force and approximately 400 Israelis and 1,500 Palestinians were killed. Following several years of unsuccessful negotiations, the conflict re-erupted as the Second Intifada in September 2000. The violence, escalating into an open conflict between the Palestinian Authority security forces and the Israeli Defense Force, lasted until 2005 and led to nearly 6,000 fatalities. One year later the Hamas party took power in Palestinian elections, while Israel responded it would not continue any peace negotiations as long as Hamas is taking part in the Palestinian government. The tensions between Israel and Hamas, who won increasing financial and political support of Iran, continued to escalate, leading to periodic outbreaks of violence to this day. Data Sets 1. Jerusalem Israel views the entire city of Jerusalem as its capital. Since 1948, Israel has controlled West Jerusalem, and since the 6 Day War, extended its jurisdiction to include East Jerusalem as well. The Palestinians view East Jerusalem as occupied territory and claim all of East Jerusalem as the capital of Palestine. The Eastern half of Jerusalem is home to the Western Wall, the only remaining artifact of the second temple and most venerated site in Judaism as well as The Dome of the Rock and al-Aqsa Mosque, a Muslim pilgrimage site second in importance only to Mecca and Medina. Israel worries about Jewish holy places under possible Palestinian control. When Jerusalem was under Jordanian control, no Jews were allowed to visit the Western Wall and the Jewish cemetery on the Mount of Olives was desecrated. In 2000, a Palestinian mob took over Joseph's Tomb, a shrine considered sacred by both Jews and Muslims, looted and burned the building. Israel, on the other hand, has seldom blocked access to holy places sacred to other religions and has given almost complete autonomy over the Temple Mount to the Muslim trust 2. Settlements After the 6 Day War, Israel not only rebuilt communities destroyed in the 1948 war, but also established numerous new settlements in the West Bank. These settlements are, as of 2009, home to about 301,000 people. The United Nations and the European Union have also called the settlements "illegal under international law."

However, Israel disputes this and claims they need the settlements as a buffer against future attacks. Palestinians say that settlements divert resources needed by Palestinian towns, such as arable land, water, and other resources; and, that settlements reduce Palestinians' ability to travel freely via local roads, owing to security considerations. 3. Rifka Goldschmidt I live here, to begin with, because it is ours. When Anwar Sadat [Egyptian president between 1970 and 1981] came to persuade Israelis why peace was necessary, he said he wanted the whole of the Sinai back because it was his. I am saying the same thing, and I am waiting for the Israeli prime minister who will say the same. We didn't push [the Arabs] out of here. They tried to push us out of here when we were within the Green Line. I want to remind the world that when Israel was within the Green Line, the Arabs attacked again and again. Why did they do it? What cause did they have then? They didn't have a cause. If the whole problem is the settlements, what reason to attack us did they have before 1967? We settled here because it is ours. If we don't have the right to settle in the West Bank or in Gaza or in the Golan Heights, then we don't have the right to settle in Tel Aviv, Haifa or Jerusalem. 4. Refugees During the wars of 1948 and 1967, approximately one million Palestinians fled or were expelled from Israel. Today, the original refugees and their descendants total around 4.7 million. Roughly one third of these people live in UN run refugee camps, while the remainder live in towns and cities in Jordan, Syria, Lebanon, the Gaza Strip, and the West Bank. The Palestinian refugees were not allowed to return to Israel and most of the neighboring Arab states, with the exception of Transjordan, denied granting them or their descendants citizenship. In 1949, Israel offered to allow some members of families that had been separated during the war to return, to release refugee accounts frozen in Israeli banks, and to repatriate 100,000 refugees. The Arab states rejected this compromise. Neither side agrees on the origin of the refugees. The official Israeli statement is that during the 1948 War, Arab states encouraged Palestinians to flee in order to make it easier to destroy the Jews. The Palestinian narrative however, is that the refugees were forcibly expelled by Jewish forces. Palestinians maintain that these refugees (and all their descendants) are owed the right of return to the areas they lived in in 1948 and 1967. Israel asserts that allowing such an influx of Palestinians into their borders would endanger the stability of the state and eventually lead to its destruction. 5. Anonymous Palestinian Refugee I remember the homeland. And I still remember the Jews. I remember the Jews started to shoot bullets on the eastern side of one of the fields, towards a group of boys playing. Their parents started shouting and calling them. I remember. Then people fledriding donkeys and camels. Everyone thought that we were just going for a few days, and then wed come back. We didnt take anything with us, just a tiny bit. The peoplewhere can they go? The land must be returned to its people. We have houses and land. Everything we have is there. Its not only one or two who lost their land, its thousands. Our land is so big! A lot of land with oranges, and fruits, and guavas and treesThe sea is there! And the valley. The

people who used to have land and harvest everything themselves, now they just sit at home, and are given a little bit of sugar and rice. 6. Security Over the course of the conflict, Israelis have been concerned about violence by Palestinians. In Israel, Palestinian suicide bombers have targeted civilian buses, restaurants, shopping malls, hotels and marketplaces. From 19932003, 303 Palestinian suicide bombers attacked Israel. In response to the violence, Israel built a security barrier between itself and the West Bank. Palestinians need permission to cross this fence: a law Israelis see as vital to security, but Palestinians argue limits jobs, healthcare and education leading to a decreased standard of living in the West Bank. 7. Abu al-Abed Every human being who has his land invaded, all he possesses taken and his rights denied has a right to resist. He has a right to do this by any means he has. The military operations we undertake do not lead immediately to the freedom of Palestinians, but are a step in that direction. We never initiate the violence. Our operations are always in response to a particular crime committed against us. Israeli society is a militarized society, not a civilian one. From a very young age, 12 or 13-years-old they start the military training. At the age of 17 they go into the army. This is for both men and women. People say that we are killing Israeli civilians, and I respond that there are Palestinian children being killed while trying to get food for their families or going to school. We will not accept the creation of two states in Palestine, because Palestine is ours. If they had bought this land, they would have a right to it, but they took it. Of the Palestinians who do not support these operations I say what has helped you? Peace? We tried the peace process for seven years without gaining anything. 8. Saed Bannoura I was only 18 years old, out with some of my comrades planning to conduct a peaceful march and rally in the streets of our town, Beit Sahour, against the Israeli occupation of our land. I discovered at one point during the demonstration that I was surrounded by a group of masked men who pretended they were also Palestinian protesters. When the man noticed that I had realized their true identify he pulled a small automatic gun from under his shirt, and I ran. When he shouted at me, I turned [and] at that moment that he started to shoot. After five or six rounds penetrated my chest and back, I fell to the ground, motionless, soaked with my own blood. I fell down face first, injuring my face and breaking my teeth on the ground. Then the man approached me and kicked me in my chest, breaking four ribs, in order to flip me over onto my back. The last thing I heard before I passed out was that man who shot me saying, After all that, and youre still alive!? Those are words I can never forget, for they revealed to me at that moment the true identity of the Israeli army, the army of criminals and murderers.

Israeli Perspective Settlements

Palestine

Jerusalem

Security

Refugees