Definition : The equations that relate the partial derivatives of properties P, v, T and s of a simple compressible system to each other.

The equations obtained from the four Gibbs equations by exploiting the exactness of the differentials of thermodynamics properties.

Applying the equation to each of the properties : ( ( ( ( ) ) ) ) ( ( ( ( ) ) ) )

Four Gibbs equations: From chap. 7 (entropy)

MAXWELLS RELATIONSHIP

Based on two new combination properties : Hemholtz function: Gibbs function:

After examine the four Gibbs relations, they are of the form

After differentiating:

With ( ) ( ) Simplifying the equations using the first two Gibbs relations from chap. 7 (entropy):

Nonreacting gas mixture is a mixture of two or more gases of fixed chemical composition which is described by specifying either the mole fraction or the mass fraction of each component.

Daltons law of addictive pressures: the pressure of a gas mixture is equal to the sum of the pressures each gas would exert if it existed alone at the mixture temperature and volume. Amagats law of addictive volumes: the volume of a gas mixture is equal to the sum of the volumes each gas would occupy if it existed alone at the mixture temperature and pressure.

and
Where

and

The apparent (or average) molar mass and gas constant of a mixture are expressed as

Also,

and

GAS MIXTURES :
and

IDEAL AND REAL GASES

P-v-T behavior of a real gas mixture can be predicted by using compressibility factor: Another way is to treat gas mixture as a pseudopure substance (Kays rule): component pressure component volume pressure fraction Pseudocritical pressure volume fraction partial pressure partial volume

Pseudocritical temperature

The extensive properties of a gas mixture : Can be determined by summing the contributions of each component of the mixture. The evaluation of intensive properties of a gas mixture : Involves averaging in terms of mass or mole fractions.