\' 1 v - H -\ i I ''\ ; ^- ,'^, K ^^ ^: ;'-; i \: A ^j /\ ^ ':\ /s ^t ( ) './ t'/U L1]- 1 -A i !.'. A 1^!^ DKLrj ^l ^i u... ll^U ^ ii r. S K (..".

t;.[ 1 A 5 (J (' 0 L;) (? 1 K

MIGRAA POP^LAIEI DN MK~)WL RURAL .N M.EDIl'. UW

p'.--'oauv;,, ^e "!! ^.cHunvn; ^ocial. Ec ai^ o coiidiuouaic :.oca! ^i ^n^^^'^ co^^i.n!^ ^ociaie. printre care ^ denoaj'ai'ice. D^ uceea ^tudi"! misrauei esc inieidi^cipIiu.H : sociolofia- seoerstia, econonsa poiiica -'e nuinorn pnnsr'' cele niss irner;,-';;? 1.; in Ciinoi^'eres H'isnti^. inlre dezvoltsrea economicil ^i soc^il ;i nHfiTrti? xi-ts o cOisdipona;^ recpoc.1: dazvomireu realzeaz niodificri j'rofuK^ m conmHjtui. lunciiile ^i di^cmJ,;' nn^rauei- ia3 pnn s;^teu'l d cnsexiuin .invsrsi.'. mimjna inlueneaz ccononu:: piin ^ciiinibnle proji^e in resur^ek de nniRc, 1n ;ivel'sl de i''iuuir: ai populauei {(lin iocul (!c ongiiic 5 diH ccj de de-tinaie) ^i sn cOinporTn,,;n?u| .'1 -ociodcnioersic') ^- ^i ."; ;.-;' r; 'f;;'; ','':' j T'i -^- f--"- -^^ "i 7 "; ;''*-'* ^ ^"'.'" <;t "v;"- 7"i ^n""" ';^
:

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'- j'i '' P 1

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nn^cru ^eneraie a populayei, ca nuxun de populaie care inodifi' rinmrui i ^ruc'n'a i'c-jill;itG;i (le or'fi'ne ;; ns itCrth'rties 'le u^-'sHHiie. s,;;l^^Ci't-''i"^c;!;-deii0i;?;itico al.-' C'JJO* dona .iopuhiii. Mia.'ua e-'?v -:lUjs"?' ai)0i ca tyci'?r9l i^di'inhinsn popiShin;;i iri ientonn, vs iactor n! cre;;;eni urhsHe. aJ omoE^iZ^rii ancia'e. M.ji;aua popdiai^ i'epitfzjiil. ini enoin',;!! dcisoya.nc coinpiex, cu !?npot;ii'e iiupiicahi ;octa3u, .;cononHce. polihce cas'e Ir.'biie vuno-icut, mssuial :;i aia!iz;'i iii v^deiea tundasnsnm uno? posrame de (iezvol^are economc s sociaj s iocaJi'tiilo 1 ^ '.inor entoni dffnii';t;5tive r: ch'a' a an. In cadr"! procysulin inisao ss po (is'-'tiiee pan'u casuoni de cuen^ -ai.s
liiAH! njia^Osl!:

c''; 1. '~i t t '".. r '^ ^ j;oj)iiJs''i'e H!

1. fluxiin mi^aorii iudividuale. alunci CHnd snseaz m sJnain nidiVid. 2. tluxuri nienoni d^ lariiJii. atunci ciu un iidivjd ijiere;za hipieiUia CH fanilia; 3. nSrans in lanL aunci cnd snigrsia '.ssei per-oane air:ioe disp 'Hic aij^ psr^oans; 4. niiffiaui n n'epte, aiunci cnd peroanele rig'eisz din zonek runii'.' spre c^i^ uj'b!ie h'sphn ; de la sa lre un OI'QS sne, as de aici ^pi'e un O'M^ 'n;i ruine FIixul 'an ciirntul nieryfor ;ste eoal c" nHn)arn! osl de "i^ran ce ; ^v"! joc in inipul isni]i sitervai dc iijyraio i cara tiu cQnunc iocul de onsini: ^i pe c.:i d.; deKiinaliy. Fluxui niaralor peimite o msui'ar? exac a procesuhu de miSi.Hie inn' Q ainmuii puoad de hmp. n3Hi;i n-iavsi de niiarU^ ^!^^;/.;,-f<; ^;-^y/;;n.;^ sf.^ pioeesu} prin car,- p^rsoanele is r'cii'mha ^arnsiji iezideitial, pioie;<iona! ^an ^(scia! pnn recerea 1;! d! ^'a'ui- Schenatst; ;'e po* d!Shn"e nohiihiea -jiapaJA (eriioriali3 'w ^ef'rincft). n'iohu't'fltea p'ole^ional-i :' ni^bu! 1"^^
'OCS-iJfi.

Siiidu^; nodesn>i ;iprf!ea/,i in di.scrjerviB ^ isnaSus jnobsntalii, <i uhiSoda jouaifuduiaia fp'.; colu'le) j ia icpre.''Ha^a !;;anci;l. i;u aiu'usuj ni'lni;^ pobabiliaUJord,; h',;Ci:-; dri ia uii -.tah.U Ja ?ilu!- dG hi o w^ la alia, ioc'n"s dao'?^ fapisliij c iiK.hdi3.ik-a .vfe o niidum^ de reteri. pop'.!hi|iei n' ^pnii, detvunHnSe le cauze vari;H^. pi' di-.l/ii 1!;: nian ':"i niCi. n^'isk' -'u nu d,;' cnnnbarea def'nhva (pe'niiiiein) a doniK'IH'HH je^al 'fH nji^iunt. ih "cea^hi nouun.J' iiiti:1 dej)i;i'-;!fiie {nnlilor, ;ilc luc'atonlor ^ezosiiei'i, aie iiflvtfii^iior dmh-o iocauti;; in iii;i. !iicin^:v ;je ue'o;Hi;'ly! care isi ^cinnib;' ijohiuhv doniJcinin.

i" :!'! i.'i'^;' CiMii^nipOi'an SiHll pH^i;" 5" c'VKl;'!";! 'Oi - COn'pls'X'. 1 "''"bJ.;'!1;^ "'j^

interclependenliei dintre uezvolarea econoiruc;! ^ inohma^es tenloml a popum'ei cs'TiOiin 'OCliH. ''i O'iiital 'p;lu9iu ii-'l'slSi' '.1-1 tSS H^OCj''i ^j jiOhHn; 5'--";! -000

D-ic nobHialea, schimbarea ocupsic. sc prouiic? in condiiik j^^ln;;'n donsiciiniju; ^e vorbe^e despre navet, adica m^carsa p^ndulaone d; Ja doincsliu Is io;jj de ii'iincH. Navhs aparo ci rnoi'l le Vst, 0"^ iu e-fc- s<io-ht d.-c^? ;le ""^l;: caf^O'H 'ocjo-psoesiOn-ile. Cercctrij;; ai'ar^ (;!i ce ce pr;;c"c;1 a^'Ki njn yii^ ^ine jocni (i:; niuni:';t, ^n'n ni csi inai (piopja' oia.. (iii o pondci'.; dilenS vv syxs (ni l^S",. uuniaJui l'hhaUk' 'nn yi?:::;' 0^9 de he! on IKH maro i:a?a (le cvl al .fcUtfio'), Ai;c.i 'iap1 a als^:- i'a ct^C prn!Cip?jl J.iniun/iua'' lo'i ue uninc-i .iin aencuhui, Ii;rr-o cerceai'e viznd iavct;* ni ana oraului Puti ?e .^'aiB cn ces nycsau;r;[ in;nnfcs'!i ce'l Hiai sitens ..iendi!H de rtmumatc la isav^ s :s?abil]re in uiedns! ubsnr In-a opiui-i mKoniar -i naveii'loi rige neyati^"3 cu pr'vne ia -tahtji/^ies Jsi .!rb;ni.'' Da aspecul cel i'ai 'emnificaiiv Qfv mm'^u defininv pc direcipi ",-m^. proc;;s coiiipi^x, caiacleriBnc ^ocietilni co'ieiispoiane. Grupuri inari utf cmucm pa;..'^ spaui rslaiv inchise geografic ^i ciiltu'a! pentru a n'ece lis -slle ^pat-ii. Geosrallc ^i Hcc nsnlr-un ypa|iii local 'i.nr-untl reeiQnsl, iar 'ociai ^ cunural rrec 'linlr-Hu -pinn.' cn rapoun stabik inlr-unu! cu ie!ai;ii dinarnice, rnereu schniboa?. SriidEul ffigranei ponii^iiei ciin rn^dsul r'i^j in iJeJJrfan inplic o'mulaea d 1; r^-pun-i'i s;t:j j.Hu!! |}j iiins'oaiele in'relisrj : cJne mi^reaza " care sunr uauz./it? nnsri(ie ? c;ie -Hni consecineSs iiqJal!;;! asupi;i locuiui de on^ine ^ ;ii cehn iie (l^siinauc ^
s Cfi!'^ ?-"! pOulRieIs iKliCij'e (e poc'yil Hu^'ah^i " ^ -^.' i.^s^^ t^"''^':".^.'' ^p?;^'"'1 t'^^it;! ;.')pn ii;' ^Fs ^ ^ lp'^lf^ " * c;s!'e '.uni ne'Sydeie :to!y::.te penrt! ..i'ina^a uie'aues "~:

Su(l!i!J -iructiii' curenteior mssifrom asai'l cs exoiiil nufli e^te- c-e^f in-" ''I;". de popuii-w nr , in cadrul ate'i.'-a. 'i 'p.cia! do liirhari cu 1113 nlvi-'^ d.; sn-nc'.i. i 1 <i 1 i / 3 ? n,,

Cau.ele myaiiei (lin n.nai ES iiil'in sun! iii Hpeci;" dc uE(ini ^fs^uoiin; -,\ ^ocal.. ea tiud d^'ensina niai ases d^ difbl^n^.>io dintie {ocaiitu dKi piHiCt d^ vvd^r-; J possbiitisJor de n?iiz?i's a for{t de nniiCH, al fac?HiIy yoaale'. al ntveilui ..'h; civtlizane. li! explcarei ac^^'ii ip de mi^ra(Je iiHe'vu! fac'or! de ri.'-;pise'e y ;dr?i&"re. donna de anielioraitf a niveluiiu de vja|.

!; ii ^l -:* I ',' /n cnii^pi3 r.iisQ^' ^H^lr " ^i;";^3i;f^' s r^^^;^ r^|Tjii"i- ;-'','T;i| r^ir1;; -3 ^-"'i ur!i *;;

ricturnl ^conQiiiic cs?;? rscnno^cut cn tund Dninorehnl d3r iniporsin?;; isnor facn)? c;! ces s"bieciivt, -ioc'aJL csiHuiaiL p-iiholo^iL's m poa'e 'i nesina. Jrii^iiI devenn ui -paii din ce n cs niai aracv penfrH lot'iiis&n; 'iin i"ed!ul nn;il inu'icr ie ofr;s >.rin^ Sipnmeniiry de sanstacere a ioi ^copini eAtiyni dc d!V..;r^e-..D'eV^^ coniiKJsrsi ca jioSiv;nia uea iisa! pEitsi'nica in declun^ares ^i inn'^uneiea r.hlie; culhiral^ uiisire 'it $i ora$ iiiis'e ton.i^i :a^piraiia uij' coni'oi". Acea^a Is niobiby^s^ ail de niiS po u'ni 'u'ali incl ei !9'i (iecfZia <Ie <! iHgn' ii i'nai. Vo!Rt3 apnori a nnarantuhn ese de a depsi onco ob^aco! intiliii nz nod nediu nusTa 5 ca ac.'ast orienare nu e?e suticientn. S.; inS'mpi des ca sjau;!! urbai; ;<n nu u -in-faca ^'cpectaHei, ei, ma' miiit ^ i ree?e o tas'e necontoitai.'ila (ie ,oc !'!';!?'!" ^HH (ie ..orbie cuitiiral". Mieianin (e a sa la Oias;. In cea niai nare pauc " lin -iUl ndiOili '; reiiuntc h (irdlc obicaiun, rrebiic s jocuiasca h a!^ coudiii dsc? cei,; cu Lfirc-qu Ib^ ebss'sujfi. nu ?& siiit prsais sa jaca fal fonieio' iJfbaio de divjzjuntf .-.ocniH a HUiicu, Dar rnai a!es na'Uia ' caiitatea relsiiior in'enHnrtne do la oia I^ pof p'ovoJa de^amens Mia'anlu! sensibij if^ea d^ situaai r^zid^iiridje pe care nu Is-a dorn s c n;! l-;-a "nl'cput. deviie preocupH in pnncpaL de de^copynrea ;iceior vanHn'e fancpoipsi" iKiiii'iisje lnvio.He IH -uusfia hii n ^os'iJ oo^liii pnn c;sse '(; depa^ei^cn 'ines ;.- isn' Sulii" c-.'a ?ii:i .--nnpJ. -u^fa tinip ct HU rwy'-;^ o ad-iplare uoH'ti la modui inh/ui d; vi;i;i, es'.e ':u ntiiizeze hibiUinl' inviai;;- ,;xsrs;ie in ;nsniu! urban d^ provenien^. Ac 1--''1,; habituri iau adu^ acoio de m'iJre ori 'ni'.iacdi -d d'.: ac^ea !c v;! idap^ ;4 jr! v';";! ui'li^n^ S,? producc asftcl ..Sducei'o" '^'iiiiu5 !a O'H'". DC consictul. daj(iaui- tran?!.;?iii cuiuiul diuie aal :i Oi'a^ uu co'iuu^ li^ l.i .,'ii'baiizara rnrahiiui , i;: la .J'uraizarea nrbannhir. In ice?r n'od S-HSS nn^n^ s; ;?'; r^n" ";i ^t' push'e^e I;! oi'a-; n)iiiJe ('["ce'in dir' ^at (--eua' . |h'c''0i'nr\ ,^0'^ov;'')., i:^ ii 'i? au qparur noi obice'urs 'di^coreca). CGnxectfieie ^cononsic.-; iu niJsais;i -un? Vizihile nu !u!"3! ji' ,'on.--L; ' :-' niipnn'e, dar ^i iu zoRele d; misrir;;- J! ^peeial m ce pnvf^te 'rucnni popsngnsi jol;-;e ^; adive dup Viirst M ^ex s;s coniix^'l.aBientui deno^riiii!;. in ^o'i;!; .t ^"^""rt s^ a-i-'a ia o inDji^'is'; 3 populaics. la :'c';U!,:s^ niualiraU i a niveiu!ui aenera! d ingti'un';. la sl'abilir.;a d; iio; fapoi'run insro ^r;!!;.; 1!^ ds v^r;-d. ia cun:-;!Liuea unor no modaie ;sSs apOfuiu'' de daptfndenia :i a! indiC^j'H d^ acnyitde. CoactU'J^ ceie };aj itijpoiaite -ipa pe pian ^conoic. penn'i' o' -i.;^'!^ nuniflrul si calnfea foii;?i ds ninnc apnfoJe, Teiuni/'a'ea -;{ jni5ii!)srea ijc^:-;^';-provoac di1cHk(s i;conomjcs i sociale caie pot coiiducv.; la Uienincrea ^911 chi,ii b acceiShiarea d^calayO' duih"? poductivilatea tiuncu ^ v^iijtu! popuian^i din a^ncultuia i?' rapor? cu cda dus r^intini^ n^aericole CaJculiii -,co:"uIu! de rnigrais" i concuznle acsni -'alcul nn inipuu opnr'.'a nia'aiei.. dar d-t^io'^k'!re;z rh'cesnaies sdophin "i!"r iiiasu' ec'snoiiii-e i.'^i'v -1 v;^--^ iiodernizssr^a agiiCulhi'Hlirbsiiizaresi- inbuntitirea caliii'ii fori.ei de iniinc'! dn' ;iar;cujn!i1.

^-{'i'^; ."^n ] f': ^

;J;;1 {l!^^ '; '; C''' s 1\'" ;i '''^Jt~' ""' '\ ;i r' "r: ^s ^:T ^1";"5^" ^'^ l'*;-;';1li^P 'U^ ^; 'i^; * \ . ^ l;";!^; f^'"

niunc. sa dncii la ;;pan"a unor contrsdicn inre sruciura cem'n 51 oter'i;! riu iorta u,: i!iUi]c;i. P; (1;; /ijl js^i''';?, noDnla'i inicr;) i!' oa'c ^"'"! dhc'liHi! si^ aihii^'src 1; 'i'M'c condJUi ne viar^ (a^ ciiin am de.-cri- iit-i -H?) -aii c;H'e tiH de lipsa Hiei lociHnl,. Misrnni popiilari,;! punc prohleme de pomicA oconoinc;i ^j ?ieinoer;ific:. i'.^nn'ii
is '^ ^^'l^ D! Oinii;!,? '^'^s: nsCssiH'Si ^

o cunoas'eie mal bun a direciiili ^i ^uiiclunloi' lluxunioi i!iiHi<iloiii; * ehborar^H isnor niodeie aie sns"r;H!ei nst^rsA oDtnizar^H {.inr*n;-unlor cur^nteior ni2&rato'n pcnru s s^ .via sciiiiiili^iil;; cxiE'rst; sis sl'icturilo' pQDuistiei RiH' irnbieini ce;! 'nai snuorni'i i'innne accca .-; de;'voliai'!i '< 'cpfii'K,-! .iCDisjba^ H i('HC] (lc niHw" in ti;uoiiu., a ?ii'liCiil^H expai'iHHn iudu'iia'^ 1'?' viionncfli^a supenoar;i a rssii^eio uinanc ; iruniisl^ j^nu ^s nl;^His " cii-i,.'iK;i ,;couOHU<; ^' yocsaii' nfxinia uni luasa i eoi^dc.Eary in niui unil;K 9 ^^p^tSdO cconoincc. socuile. d^nosraki, poilhce ^ cuinii;|y, 'rrebins !uaie msur dsrece sau indirece pcntru opnsinzssse" iQh'i^iirlu ^ rij'^cis'i eurendo;' iue'rioni P'UT ffoodeie cele mas unlizae s.; ;ot ni'?nnoia ' S dezvoiiaifa rual: S dt^c^siriiliZHia HKm'-nua'a, S (iozvolarea oas:clor v.w, exisetite ^t aparuia aitora no'. Iininsre]! de cile uHhzat,; peiin'i opiimizaiea Hnsitjiei- m-;iirile h.i;ile u.;isnic :s ^e bizuie pe analsza dinaffic a cauzelor care psovoac dccizsa de ini^rutiei. De; popiihsla nnall nufiiea/A ma-sv in n.ednu urban, pondcren pop iii;^l'i ;le;:n d^ pe inrLiu! giob s^e 5nai ingrs dect pondurea popnline'i urbane. f''ercei1n demogra^ce au evidenna fapul c IR 1920 doar l4"v dinrs locuitori! plan^..'! tonnsn j'op'h'ia 'ibinn. 'n l"? 1) iice^sta a apin^ la 37.]"". in 2'HH) a''/^na niin?is 4n,7"?i ^i -;; e'itiioa/ ca abia ii 2025 pe-a 6!)''o din iocuitorii Tenei vor n OEi^eisiDite Crtre uidic manmea popiilaiei iirbane piovenite dii rural : l-'ranni l 7"... Turci;! 78%, Anslja 4"". SlJA &%. Acese dais deuon^ieaz eoiSnia cre^eni iHbane Cti snniue a nnyraiei ruraie. Ds reaul sat&lo case an aplic-it p'oaame di; nidu-tnh^ae iapida HSI piO^oc^? :;i ipan dcplass de popul^n din nn'al es urban. Acoio und,; nsttsi de depias^rs s-au i?^$ra in HisiSe neocane i is rmmin eiaiy ecab (is la u penyKi la -sita, CH!t;^n ibsniZHnj l'o-t '^ipet'!0ira Acra-'- crth^te a itrodn- o hTiei'a in pJH' '0 s^lapde ntoi naionaJ ' I.HKtfd esric csse ciicheta Ca piepondc'en ru'al ''i cii or'j^ 'i^ ttdpan' lKloiclnica, ii] rimp ce hnne; ve:-;jica ;:^c picponn^iynt usba :^ j5roduc3toary rl; i,;ojs?on, hi Koffnsa evoiuua popsdaliei iHbime cunoaS; UH sndice d uibau/aK- c?i valini cresctoare : de ia 31.30.. popuhiiy is urban in 19^6- la 40,8% m 1970 i 47,5"=; m 1977 i;ii un'Hi'.sj oUielos a crescu d^ la 142 h' 23o. ds^ s'oai r^cente co!:u!S' t:ip" c^ dstnb'ia locuitQnlor din Ronua pc rned SQcio-rezdennsl estc ds 5-1,7"'.:; pupuias;' ibM''a ;' 1.^,3% i^opulHfie rral. Metvfc iS esn'nijs-e d/e myaie -e pol chiifsCi; in: melode dn'^c(e s rncioGo is'cnr.cie

^i ?;s^!ica cur?nl?i a misratie oer aceas poiibiijaie ds detenninare ^ ni^ai;!.;! dsn r'inn h urban. ^eiixieie indiec^ ^e ba^SAa pt- foiiMi'ea liunijHidur hH^n^injea nHerajiei &e noae inasura cu .iiitonn ",?:{.;. ,^ ^p'-^-^.'

unds : P- popijata ^np^ii nscuiui fle rnserare ?- -iKiiii'u! dt WiW-itiu 'iitii'vi' iniciVi! dc' urnp k coristania (de obsc^ l?00) D^ o deossbi importan es'i; de?cri^rea ^' anahza fInsurnoJ' d.: uiisrih; "opiHiin;] exp!!-; r!--ci!l!i! (bs enusrare -sle cea din zona je jeca'e. i);^^ 'ioii'n c" ' w' "c pli.'ci'd ' CH j j)c cea ('6 (!e;'lii9ie. voin rtvea .

0 ascmynea rari ar- un car?icter iie probabilKats s msoa' 'iscui iif d.:'pi.?:;n^ d.; la iocaiitalea Ja locaiitattfa |, fhnd in acela:;'! nnp o Ui^sfi a lfaduiui de ^i;i' i.u.i ex-rat;"' dv lorsli^He;! j, Felul m care se aJeoe poj)!]^^ P este deteniiina cle carac'en^tiCjie d'; in^rihe .'-:,: dac dasl^ asupra nisranei s-au obnnut pnn r.ferire a iociil de rCedin li o da antenoa' det^rniinat- populaua expus nscului de initiratie este acea pa'if diii populaua s care a ^upravieuif da !a daia dc reicriiii pi la <;';} de iecei.^aiiant. hi 'ce-.ic c?s/, ial;* ;"., , rnasoai probabiiiasa pe care o nu persousie-ie ce iocusau l;i data ?le 'eleruUii in Socaiiltitea i (moieniu! I) i care au ^ipiaveruit 5n5 Isi dal;i i.ccenansnfulin iiOii^mni l'n) de a n.vua doniiciliui n iocalitatea j !a daa receiisninuilui. 0 a'ieinenea aiS 'e ^cne; *.''

isnde : M.. repre'zint nuniriil ota! ds so^is i locaiiatea i i \ .,':/- : 1 ' ^ - ' M. repi'ezsn nuniarul tota! d& 'o-iu i locaiiai'd i 1 \' M,, :
;

"

: ~^

!<

Se noa caicula cuseiKiJ nsiss'iiorin l rapoi cn localnat.'ade desj'inas,; :

Sur'-? 'aH^ce dv dae a^upa nrafta! -unr : statishc^ adniiHsnauvs a schiHih;inkn ib ioijicsiui fc^nss^ntele popuiatics

;'!! :' .
' /i-.tm'. '.;tiir>t! 'i "" ;'i i/" "i ^.s'.'.fj ." i 't -,-, ,--i-, .-"-*i Csy.;; ^*;ltiii >-^ i^; li i H ^- U -, A A--i^^J^l,Il/L/^-A;-.U. ^-/l V t-i i _.;; ti . . ^--,".' 11 i i;

" l-'ioiuss^ yniiir, ,;';;'.''';';;; Bucui'esti., i9SO

/i^'.'; ' i. ?';L i*.L ' "';;^l..!';; i";^,''i/,.;. r.cunn's Politc,

- arca Mihai-Z^t?"K'y(?^t, Edinn'a Economica, Buciire^tj- ly" 7 - coordonator Zamfir ^"illin- ^.c;^!/?.';?- -^' ^oiio.ov^.t.A. ^kfs.), ^98 - ^ty i/ 'nnsni- ^.''t.'^o;^.'";'^ ."OT./!.;.;;i'y^^."ts'l3^^i' /:'!^ ;';.'.'?? ^"1,.^.,, i,dnii'ss Univerittii Alexandni loau Ciiza", lasi, 2001