Titles on Metaphysics and Epistemology in Prometheus's Great Books in Philosophy Series Anusrori Bowne, Kar + Denna + The Cie of age 2 Meeptyer 1 coi of rca Raion a * Coiue fare Reason + But (Gorrrmp Wanna Lem a + Ducoure on Meh es ant Der en etna Hyland Phonon Jom Loca eae: sen Concent + The Bie of Ble and Or Eye ms CCuantxs S. Prince ast escarms “+ Discourse on Method ani eee Pett aro sou Dewey * i atop ty Soe 1 the hee of Darwin on ‘a Phndiea Phorphy and Ober says ty el eo ¢ Pi Poof Ptr Leer rcp Decne Gronce Saravana ican Sings and Fragments + The Life of ean Sine Hox, ‘sexrus Eenimicus + Me Quest for Being + Onin of Proton Davo Home, ‘Lupe Wrrrernsreny 1 An Eau Conceing Hanan Wipers’ Lec: Undestonding Cambie, 1982-1935 Treat of Haman etre watan Jasers 1 The Mesing of Trak See the back ofthis volume fora complete ist of ties in ‘Prometheus's Great Books in Philosophy and Great Minds seis. WITTGENSTEIN’S LECTURES Cambridge, 1932-1935 From the Notes of Alice Ambrose and Margaret Macdonald Edited by ALICE AMBROSE GREAT BOOKS IN PHILOSOPHY B Prometheus Books 59 John Glenn Drive Amherst, New York 14228-2197Published 2001 by Prometheus Books ‘Whagenstens Lecures, Cambridge, 1932-1935: From the Notes of Alice ‘Anbrose and Margaret Macdonald. Copyright© 2001 by Alice Ambrose. All rights reseed. No par ofthis publication may be reprodiced, sored in & retieval stem, o wanted in any form or by any mess, digi le tronic, mechanical, photocopying, earn, o obese, or conveyed vathe Inmeret oa Web st without pr writen permission of the publiaber, except inthe eae of bref quotation embodied in ical aices and reviews. Ingles shoul be addressed to Prometheus Books 8 John Giemn Drive “Amer, New York 14228-2197 ‘VOICE: 716-891-0133, ext. 207 FAX: 716-564-2111 [WWW.PROMETHEUSBOOKS.COM: 05 04 08 3432 © 1979 by Alice Ambrose Fis US. paperback edison, Phoenix Books Division of “The University of Chicago Pres (1982). Library of Congress Casloging n-Publication Data Wingenstin, Ludvig, 1889-195. (Lectures, Cambie, 1932-1935] Wintgeasti’s errs, Cambridge, 1932-1935 from the notes of ‘Alice Ambrose and Margaret Macdonald ededby Alice Ambrote 'p em. — (Great book in philosophy) ‘rignally published Totowa, NJ, Rowman and Litefeld, 1979. Inches biographical references. ISBN 1-57302-875-5, 1, Filson: 2. Mathematics—Pilosopty. I. Ambrose, Alice, 1906-2001. 1: Macdonald, Margaret I. Tide. IV. Series, 183376 W561 2001 192-421 2001019037 Prine inthe United Stes of Ameria onside paper LUDWIG WITTGENSTEIN was born in Vienna, Aust, on ‘April 26, 1889, the youngest of eight children of a leading Austrian ‘Mesimaker. Educated at home until age fourteen, Wittgenstein then studied mathematics and natural sciences in an Austrian school, and Inter studied mechanical engineering for two years in Berlin, Ger- ‘many. In 1908 he engaged in seronaucal research in England He eg- {istered as a research suident athe University of Manchester, where he ‘worked in an engineering Inboraory. Bertrand Russel’s book The Principles of Mathematics (1903) had a profound influence on ‘Wingenstein, and he lft the university in 1911 to study mathematicl logic with Russell at Cambridge. ‘Wittgenstein remained at Cambridge until 1913, when he traveled to Skjolden, Norway, where he secluded himself to continue is study of ogie. Upon the outbreak of World War I he enlisted in the Austrian farm, eventually serving a an artillery officer on both the easter and ‘westem fonts. Throughout the wa, Wiigenstein continued © work on the problems of philosophy and logic. recording his thoughis in note books At the end ofthe war, he sent his manuscript to Russell, who ound a publisher for his work. Published in 1921, the Tractats Logico-Philosophicus bas been ‘universally admired, This work covers avast range of topics: the nature ‘of language; the limits of what canbe sai: loge, thes, and philoso- phys causality and iaduction; the self andthe will; death and the mys- ‘ical; good and evi, ‘Upon returning to civilian ie in 1919, Witgentein gave away the large fortune he ad inherited from his father, an lived a frogal and simple lf, Feeling that he could contribute nothing more to philoso- phy after publication of he racttus he searched for anew vocation, first teaching elementary schoo in Austria for several years then tur ‘ng to gardening and architecture. ‘In 1929 Witgenstein flt that once aguin he could do creative workin philorophy. He returned to Cambridge in 1929, where he was made a fellow of Trinity College. Through his lectures andthe wide circulatin of notes taken by his students he gradually came t exert, ‘a poverful influence on pilosophical though throughout the English- speaking world, In 1936 he began his second major work, Philosoph- leal Investigations 11939 Witgenstein was appointed to the chair in philosophy at(Cambridge University. During World War II be left Cambridge and ‘worked as «porter in Guy's hoepital in London and then a labora tory asitant inthe Royal Victoria Infirmary. In 1944 he returned to (Cambridge as profesor of philosophy, but resigned his cairn 1947 “He completed the Investigations in 1949, which he instructed should ‘be published ony after his death. Frequently ill during his remaining years, Wingenstein was diag- ‘nosed with cancer in 1949. He died in Cambridge, England, on Apeil 29, 1951. Philosophical Investigations was published in 1953, Contents Editor's Preface Pat I, Pilsophy. Lecures, 1932-33 Part I. The Yellow Book (Selected Pats) Par ll, Lectures, 1934-35 Part IV. Philosophy for Mathematicians. Lectures, 1932-33 n