Bai 9:

GV. NGUYEN TAN TRUNG

(Trung Tam Luyen Thi Chat Lng Cao VNH VIEN)

Este n Chc
Co 3 CTTQ (co the gap):
CTTQ este mach C h ( thng gap)
R-COO-R
CTTQ este mach C Kn
R C =O

CTTQ este cua phenol hay ong ang

R-COO-R*

Cac p xa phong hoa Este n

CTTQ este mach C h
o
t
R-COO-Na + ROH
R-COO-R+NaOH

CTTQ este mach C Kn

o
t
R C =O + NaOH
R-COO-Na

OH
CTTQ este cua phenol hay ong ang
o
t
R-COO-R*+NaOH
R-COO-Na+R*ONa+H2O

Bai toan 1: ( HSP TP.HCM - 2000)

Mot este n chc X( cha C, H, O) va
khong co nhom chc khac ). T khoi hi
cua X so vi oxi bang 3,125. Xac nh
CTCT cua X trong moi trng hp sau:
1. Cho 20 gam X tac dung vi 300ml
ddNaOH 1M.Co can dd sau p thu
c 23,2 gam ba ran.
2. Cho 0,15mol X tac dung va u vi
ddNaOH. Co can dd sau p thu c
21 gam muoi khan( X co mach C
Khong phan nhanh)

 Tom tat y 1:
Este n (X)
20 gam

1) 300ml
dd NaOH 1M
2) Co can

T t khoi hi MA=100 vC
(X): ?

PP Tm CTPT
Da tren p

23,2 gam
ba ran
B1.at CTTQ
B2.Viet p
B3.Lap pt (*)
B4.Giai (*)

 Tom tat y 1:
Este n (X)
20 gam

1) 300ml
dd NaOH 1M
2) Co can

T t khoi hi MA=100 vC
(X): ?

PP Tm CTPT
Da tren p

23,2 gam
ba ran
B1.at CTTQ
B2.Viet p
B3.Lap pt (*)
B4.Giai (*)

Theo e ta co nA b =0,2 mol

va nNaOH b =0,3 mol

 Tom tat y 1:
Este n (X) 1) 0,3mol NaOH 23,2 gam
2) Co can
ba ran
0,2 mol
MA=100 vC
B1.at CTTQ
B2.Viet p
PP Tm CTPT
(X): ?
B3.Lap pt (*)
Da tren p
B4.Giai (*)
Theo e ta at (X):R-COO-R
o
t
R-COO-R+NaOH
R-COO-Na + ROH
(mol)
B: 0,2
0,3
0
O,2
0,2
P: 0,2
(mol)
Sau: 0
0,1
0,2
(mol)

 Y 1:

Este n (X) 1) 0,3mol NaOH 23,2 gam

2) Co can
ba ran
0,2 mol
MA=100 vC

o
t
R-COO-Na + ROH (1)
R-COO-R+NaOH
(mol)
B: 0,2
0,3
0
O,2
0,2
P: 0,2
(mol)
Sau: 0
0,1
0,2
(mol)
Theo (1), e co:
MA= R + 44 + R = 100
R =29
mran= (R+67).0,2 + 40.0,1 =23,2
R =27

 Y 1:
Este n (X) 1) 0,3mol NaOH 23,2 gam
2) Co can
ba ran
0,2 mol
MA=100 vC
o
t
R-COO-Na + ROH (1)
R-COO-R+NaOH
Ta co:
R : C2H5
R =29

R : C2H3
R =27

Vay (X) :

C2H5-COO-CH=CH2

 Tom tat y 2:
Este n (X)
0,15mol

dd NaOH
Va u

T t khoi hi MA=100 vC
(X): ?

PP Tm CTPT
Da tren p

21 gam
Muoi
B1.at CTTQ
B2.Viet p
B3.Lap pt (*)
B4.Giai (*)

 Tom tat y 2:
Este n (X)
0,15mol

dd NaOH
Va u

T t khoi hi MA=100 vC
(X): ?

PP Tm CTPT
Da tren p

21 gam
Muoi
B1.at CTTQ
B2.Viet p
B3.Lap pt (*)
B4.Giai (*)

Theo e ta at (X):R-COO-R
o
t
R-COO-Na + ROH
R-COO-R+NaOH
0,15 mol
0,15 mol
Theo (1), e co:
R =73
MA= R + 44 + R = 100

R < 0
mran= (R+67).0,15 =21

Ap dung 2: (Theo H K.Truc HN 2000)

ot chay hoan toan 4,6 gam mot ru (A);
(A)
Can 5,6 gam O2; thu c 6,6 gam CO2
Xac nh CTPT CTCT (A)

PP ot 1

 Tom tat ap dung

ng 2:
o
t
Ru (A)
Can 5,6 g oxi
4,6 gam
(A): ?

CO2: 6,6 gam

H2O: ? gam

PP ot 1

Tnh lng nc( e giai c bang pp ot I)

-Theo LBTKL ta de dang mnc = 3,6 gam
Tm (A)
mC = 1,8 gam
B1 mH = 0,4 gam
mO = 2,4 gam
B2: at CTTQ (A) la CxHyOz

 Tom tat ap dung

ng 2:
Ru (A)
4,6 gam
(A): ?

ot
5,6 gam oxi

CO2: 6,6 gam

H2O: 3,6 gam

PP ot 1

at CTTQ (A) la CxHyOz

De dang x: y : z = 3: 8 : 3

CTNG(A): (C3H8O3)n ;n

T ieu kien hoa tr ta de dang n = 1

(A): Glyxerin

Ap dung 3: ( Theo Cau IV- Bo e TSH)

ot chay hoan toan 1,88 gam A(C,H,O)
can 1,904 lit oxi (kc)
(kc), thu c CO2 va
H2O vi ty le: V CO2 : V H2O (hi)
(hi) = 4 : 3
Xac nh CTPT X
Biet: MX < 200.

PP ot 1

 Tom tat ap dung

ng 3:

CO2

ot
Chat hu c (A)
1,904 lit oxi H2O
1,88 gam
(KC)
V CO2: V
MA<200

H2 O

= 4:3

PP ot 1 Lng CO2 , H2O

(A): ?

Tnh lng CO2,H2O (e giai c bang pp ot I)

Goi a, b (mol) lan lt la so mol CO2,H2O
- Theo LBTKL, e ta co:
m (CO2,H2O) = 44.a + 18.b =4,6 a = 0,08
b = 0,06
T le mol CO , H O =x : y = 4: 3
2

 Khi tm c lng
ng CO2,H2O , Ta co:
Chat hu c (A)
1,88 gam
MA<200
(A): ?

ot

CO2: 0,08 mol

H2O: 0,06 mol

PP ot 1

Giai giong ap dung 1

(A): C8H12O5
C8H12O5

Ap dung 4: ( Theo HSP HN 2000)

ot chay hoan toan 1,7 gam mot este X
can 2,52 lit oxi (kc)
(kc), ch sinh ra CO2 va
H2O vi ty le:
So mol CO2 : so mol H2O = 2
Xac nh CTPT X
Biet: MX < 140.
GIAI GIONG AP DUNG 3

(X): C8H8O2

Ap dung 5: ( Cau IV- bo e Tsh)

ot chay hoan toan 5,8 gam chat (A)
(A);
thu c 2,65 gam Na2CO3,
2,25 gam H22O va 12,1 gam CO2
Xac nh CTPT (A)
Biet: Mot phan t (A) ch cha
mot nguyen t oxi.
Tnh mC can than( de sai ! )
(A): C6H5O Na

Ap dung 6: (HQG TP.HCM 1997)

ot chay hoan toan 7,3 gam mot chat
hu c A (C,H,O); thu c 35,4 gam hhG
gom: CO2 va H2O. Phan tram theo khoi
lng cua oxi trong hhG la 76,84%
Xac nh CTPT A
Biet: MX < 160 vC.
Tnh lng CO2,H2O roi giai giong ap dung 1
(A): C6H10O4