VARIATIONS OF A.M.

1.DSBFC (DOUBLE SIDE BAND FULL CARRIER)

LSB USB

Fc-Fm max

Fc-Fm min

Fc

Fc+Fm min

Fc+Fm max

2.DSBSC (DOUBLE SIDE BAND SUPPRESSED CARRIER)

LSB USB

Fc-Fm max

Fc-Fm min

Fc

Fc+Fm min

Fc+Fm max

3.SSBSC (SINGLE SIDE BAND SUPPRESSED CARRIER)

LSB

Fc-Fm max

Fc-Fm min

Fc

LSBSC

USB

USBSC

Fc

Fc+Fm min

Fc+Fm max

4.VSB (VESTIGIAL SIDE BAND WITH CARRIER)

LSB USB

Fc-Fm max

Fc-Fm min

Fc

Fc+Fm min Fc+Fm im

im=INTERMEDIATE

5.SSBPC (SINGLE SIDE BAND PILOT(PARTIAL) CARRIER)

LSB

Fc-Fm max Fc-Fm min

Fc(REDUCED)

6.ISBRC(INDEPENDENT SIDE BAND REDUSEDCARRIER)

LSB USB

Fc-Fm1 max

Fc-Fm1 min Fc Fc+Fm2 min

Fc+Fm2 max

MERITS OF S.S.B.
1.IT SAVES A LOT OF POWER AS CARRIER AND ONE SIDEBAND IS REMOVED FROM TRANSMISSION. 2.IT REQUIRES LESSE BANDWIDTH.

3.SIGNAL RECOVERY IS POSSIBLE EVEN FOR m<1

THE ONLY DEMERIT IS THAT IT REQUIRES SYNCHRONOUS DETECTORS ,WHICH ARE COMPLEX AND COSTLY.

S.S.B. PRINCIPLE
A BALANCED MODULATOR PRODUCES A TERM AT ITS OUTPUT WHICH A PRODUCT OF TWO I/P.THIS GENERATES DSBSC.ONE OF THE TWO SIDE BANDS CAN BE REMOVED BY USING FILTER. THIS GIVES SSB. MODULATING SIGNAL

em(t)* ec(t)
CARRIER
LSBSC

L.P.F.

SYNCHRONOUS DETECTION
THE SSB MODULATED WAVE CONTAINS NO CARRIER TERM ALONE IN ITS OUTPUT. FOR RECOVERING THE ORIGINAL INFORMATION FROM THIS WAVE, A LOCALLY GENERATED CARRIER, WHICH IS SAME IN FREQ. AND IN PHASE WITH THE TRANSMITTER CARRIER, IS INSERTED AT THE RECEIVER. THIS CARRIER AND THE SSBSC WAVE ARE USED AS TWO I/PS OF THE PRODUCT DETECTOR(BALANCED MODULATOR), WHICH PROVIDES THE PRODUCT OF THE TWO I/P SIGNALS. THE O/P FROM THE PRODUCT DETECTOR IS GIVEN TO THE L.P.F., ALLOWS ONLY MODULATING SIGNAL TO PASS. THE DETECTORS WHICH USES LOCALLY GENERATED SYNCHRONOUS CARRIER FOR DETECTION ARE CALLED SYNCHRONOUS DETECTORS.

LSB=COS(Wc-Wm)T

COSWcT

COS(Wc-Wm)T*COSWcT
=0.5[COSWmT+COS(2Wc-Wm)T]

Wm

2Wc-Wm

L.P.F.

COSWmT

BALANCED MODULATORS
SINGLY BALANCED MODULATORS:BALANCES ONE I/P. e.g. FET BALANCED MODULATORS. DOUBLY BALANCED MODULATORS:BALANCES BOTH THE I/Ps. e.g. IC BALANCED MODULATORS, DIODE RING MODULATORS.

S.S.B. GENERATION
THE BALANCED MODULATOR FILTER METHOD. PHASING METHOD. THIRD METHOD.

PILOT CARRIER S.S.B.

AUDIO I/P

BALANCED MODULATOR
0 Fm 100-Fm 100 100+Fm

CARRIER 100 kHz USB FILTER 100-100+Fm kHz

CARRIER INSERTION ATTENUATOR

PILOT CARRIER 100 100+Fm

100

100+Fm

CONTINUE..
BALANCED MODULATOR
100 100+Fm

2800

2900

3000

CARRIER 2900 kHz LINEAR POWER AMPLIFIER

3000

2800-Fm

3000+Fm

USB FILTER 3000-3000+Fm kHz

3000+Fm

I.S.B.
A
L.P.F. L.P.F. B.M.

D C
B.P.F.

E
B.M.

A
3 kHz CARRIER 6.25 kHz

B
3.25-6 kHz

B.P.F. 100106 kHz

CARRIER INSERTION ATTENUATOR

CARRIER 100 kHz

A
L.P.F. L.P.F. B.M.

B
B.P.F. B.M.

C A

B.P.F. 94-100 kHz

F
B.M. CARRIER 3 MHz

D
POWER AMP.

B.P.F. 3094 TO 3106 kHz

A
0 .25 3 kHz 0 3.25

B
6 6.5 9.25

C
3.25 6 0 0.25

D
3 3.25 6

E
94 96.75 97 99.75 100.25 100 94 96.75 97 99.75 100.25 103 103.25 106 103 103.25 106

H
2.9MHz 2.906 3 3.094 3.1 3.106

2.894