Early thermal cracking to BD 28/87 (Incorporating Amendment No.

1) Copyright James Ferguson August 2001

Reinforcement Nominal Bar diameter = Characteristic Tensile Strength of Reinforcement fy = Concete Section Dimensions

BD 28/87 Clause 5.2 Characteristic Cube Strength of Concrete =

BD 28/87 Clause 5.1 BD 28/87 Clause 5.4 Bar type:

BS 5400 : Part 4 : 1990 Table 1

Environment Extreme
Concrete surfaces exposed to : abrasive action by sea water or water with a pH <= 4.5 Very severe Concrete surfaces directly affected by : de-icing salts or sea water spray Severe Concrete surfaces exposed to : driving rain or alternate wetting and drying Moderate

Examples
Marine structures Parts of structure in contact with moorland water Walls and structure supports adajacent to the carriageway Parapet edge beams Concrete adjacent to the sea Wall and structure supports remote from the carriageway

Bridge deck soffits Buried parts of structures

Concrete surfaces above ground level and fully Surface protected by bridge deck waterproofing or by permanent formwork sheltewred against all of the following : Interior surface of pedestrian subways, rain, voided siperstructures or cellular de-icing salts, abutments sea water spray Concrete surfaces permanently saturated by water with a pH > 4.5 Concrete permanently under water

BD 28/87 Clause 6.3 BD 28/87 Table 2 BD 28/87 Clause 5.3 BD 28/87 Clause 5.6

Restraint condition External Base cast onto blinding Edge restraint in box type deck cast in stages Wall cast onto base Edge element cast onto slab Infill Bays Internal

Coefficient of thermal expansion of concrete, alpha = BD 28/87 Clause 5.9 Winter Summer

18mm Plywood Formwork

Movement joints are provided at not more than 15m spacings

BD 28/87 Clause 5.7 Hence, As = Compare with minimum, As => c.s.a. 1 bar = Required number of bars =

Amendment No. 1)

Nominal Bar diameter =

20 mm 420 N/mm2

==>

7.8 bars Optional parameters Perimter length 2900 mm

eristic Tensile Strength of Reinforcement fy =

Width = Depth = Core width = Core depth =

1000 450 500 0

mm mm mm mm

450 FALSE

Cover Rebar spacing

75 mm 295 mm

Ac = 4.50E+05 mm2 Characteristic Cube Strength of Concrete = fct* = Hence, Minimum As = Plain round Type 2 deformed bars fct*/fb Design crack width mm 35 N/mm2 1.45 N/mm2 1549 mm2 Mark one box only 0.67 0 0.67 0.67

0.10

------------------------------------- Mark one box only ------------------------------------

0.00

0.15

0.15

0.25

0.00

0.25

0.00

Crack width = Restraint factor R 0.2 0.5 0.6 0.8 1.0 0.5 R= Eult = Esh =

0.15 mm

0.15

Mark one box only

0 0 0 0 0 0.5

0 0 0 0 0 1 0.5

X 0.5

200 microstrain 100 microstrain

ent of thermal expansion of concrete, alpha = 1.00E-05 per degree centigrade 10 deg c 20 deg c Steel Formwork 18mm Plywood Formwork Cement Content 300 kg/m3 350 kg/m3 400 kg/m3 T1 = are provided at not more than 15m spacings T2 = Eth = Hence, As = Compare with minimum, As => c.s.a. 1 bar = Required number of bars = x 0 deg c 344 microstrain 2452 mm2 2452 314.16 mm2 7.8 128.1132

x Steel Winter Summer 0 0 0 1 12 18 15 23 17 27 43 deg c 18mm Plywood Winter Summer 1 1 0 1 20 28 27 35 32 43 0

Increase by 10degc if >500mm thick -->

0 1 1 0 3 3 0 0 7 7

0 20

0 0 43 43

20