Anti colonial nationalism This form of nationalism came about during the decolonialisation of the post war period.

It was a reaction mainly in Africa,Asia and America against being subdu ed by foreign powers. It also appeared in the non-Russian territories of the Tsa rist empire and later, the USSR, where Ukrainian and Muslim Marxists condemned R ussian Bolshevik rule in their territories as a renewed Russian imperialism. Thi s form of nationalism took many guises, including the peaceful passive resistanc e movement led by Gandhi in the Indian subcontinent.[49] Benedict Anderson argued that anti-colonial nationalism is grounded in the exper ience of literate and bilingual indigenous intellectuals fluent in the language of the imperial power, schooled in its "national" history, and staffing the colo nial administrative cadres up to but not including its highest levels. Post-colo nial national governments have been essentially indigenous forms of the previous imperial administration.[50][51]