1.

2: REAL NUMBERS

(as opposed to fake numbers?)

Objectives
Know what are real numbers. Locate and label points on the number line, Understand fractions, change a fraction to equivalent fractions, multiply fractions, Simplify expressions containing absolute value, Identify the opposite of a number and its reciprocal, Find the value of an algebraic expression, Find the perimeter and area of squares, rectangles and triangles.

Think & Share

Refer to pp. 11 & 12 of your textbook.

Two Kinds of Real Numbers

Rational Numbers Irrational Numbers

Rational Numbers
A rational number is a real number that can be written as a ratio of two integers (a/b), b0. A rational number written in decimal form is terminating or repeating.

Examples of Rational Numbers

16 1/2 3.56

-8 1.3333 - 3/4 7.689689

Rational Numbers

b 1 2 3 4 5

1 1/1 1/2 1/3 1/4 1/5

2 2/1 2/2 2/3 2/4 2/5

3 3/1 3/2 3/3 3/4 3/3

4 4/1 4/2 4/3 4/4 4/5

5 5/1 5/2 5/3 5/4 5/5

Irrational Numbers
An irrational number is a number that cannot be written as a ratio of two integers. Irrational numbers written as decimals are non-terminating and non-repeating.

Examples of Irrational Numbers

Square roots of non-perfect squares
17

*0.34334333433334 *45.86745893

Integers
One of the subsets of rational numbers

What are integers?

Integers are the whole numbers and their opposites. Examples of integers are {,-3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3,}

Integers are rational numbers because they can be written as fraction with 1 as the denominator.

Whole Numbers
Whole numbers are the set of numbers that include 0 plus the set of natural numbers/counting numbers. {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5,}

Number Line
A number line - is an infinitely long line whose points match up with the real number system.

Here are the rational numbers represented on a number line.

Fractions on the Number Line

A numbers absolute value - is its distance from 0 on a number line. Since distance can never be negative, absolute values are always positive. The symbol || represents the absolute value of a number. This symbol is read as the absolute value of. For example |-3| = 3.

Opposites Two numbers that are equal distance from zero on a number line; also called additive inverse. The additive inverse property states that if you add two opposites together their sum is 0 -3 + 3 = 0

IFL
Number line infinite line. *Gods timeline is infinite no beginning, no end. His love and mercy is forever. He is always willing to give us all the help that we need to live a successful life only if we come to Him.

Reciprocals
Two numbers are reciprocals if there product is equal to 1.
To write the reciprocal of 2/3, switch the numerator and denominator.

2 3 3 2

3 2 6

CHECK 2 3 = 6 = 1

Value of an Algebraic Expression

Evaluate means to find the value of an algebraic expression by substituting numbers in for variables. Evaluate the variable expression when n = 6.

n 8 68
14

n2 62 4

Evaluate just means solve by substitution.

Practice: Problem Set 1-2

Draw a number lineLabel the points with the following coordinates.

1.) 5,

3.) -4

7.) 9/4

Write the following fractions as an equivalent fraction with denominator 24. 9.) 3 x 6 = 18 4 6 24 10.) 5 x 3 = 15 8 3 24

Practice: Problem Set 1-2

Give the opposite, the reciprocal, and the absolute value. (Assume all variables are nonzero.)

25.) 10 -10, 1/10, 10

26.) 3 -3/4, 4/3,3/4 4

Place < or > between each number to make the statement true. 31.) -5

<

-3

37.) 7

>

-|-7|

39.) -3 4

< -1 4

Practice: Problem Set 1-2

Simplify each expression. 45.) |7-2|-|4-2| 52=3 Multiply. 49.) 10-|7-2(5-3)| 10 (7-4) = 10-3 = 7

53.) 2 4 = 8 3 5 15
Expand and multiply. 67.) 2 3
3

55.) 1 (3) = 3 2 2

8 27

Practice: Problem Set 1-2

Find the value of each expression when x is 4. 73.c) x2 + 2x + 1 = 42 + 2(4) + 1 = 16 + 8 + 1 = 25

Find the perimeter and area. 77.) P = 2l + 2w = 2(1.5 in) + 2(0.75 in) = 3 in + 1.5 in = 4.5 in A = lw = 1.5 in x 0.75 in =1.125 square inches

Practice: Problem Set 1.2 (pp. 19-22) Individual Practice: Homework Multiples of 4 Question Nos. 4, 8, 12,92
*Applications of Concepts