Ghaziabad District Data

AR-670 Integrated Rural Development
District Data Analysis according to Subsystems
Integrated Rural Planning A report on District data analysis according to various subsystems Of Ghaziabad district, uttar Pradesh
Guided by: Prof. dr. v. devadas
K.V.Abhishek 12511009 MURP 1st Year The objective of this report is to study and analyze the District Ghaziabad based on the seven subsystems namely, Physical, Economical, Social, Infrastructural, Institutional, Environmental & Ecological subsystem.
MURP 2nd Semester: Indian Institute of Technology,Roorkee
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CONTENTS
1.1 INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................................................... 7 1.2 GHAZIABAD AT A GLANCE: A BRIEF TIMELINE .............................................................................................. 8 1.3 AREA OF DEVELOPMENT & EARLY PLANNING EFFORTS ............................................................................... 9 1.4 INFLUENCE OF PROXIMITY TO DELHI:THE ISSUE & THE QUESTION ............................................................... 9 2 PHYSICAL SUBSYSTEM ................................................................................................................................ 10 2.1 PHYSICAL CHARACTER.............................................................................................................................. 10 2.2 REGIONAL SETTING .................................................................................................................................. 11 2.3 PHYSICAL FEATURES................................................................................................................................. 12 2.4 CLIMATE .................................................................................................................................................. 13 2.5 IRRIGATION ............................................................................................................................................. 13 2.6 LAND USE PATTERN ................................................................................................................................. 14 2.6.1 AGRICULTURAL LAND USE PATTERN ...................................................................................................... 14 2.6.2 LAND USE PATTERN IN URBAN AREAS ................................................................................................... 15 3 SOCIAL SUBSYSTEM.................................................................................................................................... 20 3.1 DEMOGRAPHICS ...................................................................................................................................... 20 3.2 POPULATION DENSITY.............................................................................................................................. 24 3.3 OCCUPATIONAL PATTERN OF GHAZIABAD................................................................................................ 26 4 INSTITUTIONAL SUBSYSTEM ...................................................................................................................... 27 5 ECONOMIC SUBSYSTEM ............................................................................................................................. 29 5.1 PRIMARY SECTOR:AGRICULTURE & ALLIED ACTIVITIES.............................................................................. 29 5.2 SECONDARY SECTOR: INDUSTRIES ............................................................................................................ 31 6 INFRASTRUCTURAL SUBSYSTEM ................................................................................................................ 33 6.1 PHYSICAL INFRASTRUCTURE..................................................................................................................... 33 6.1.1 ROADS & COMMUNICATION ................................................................................................................. 33 6.1.2 MUNICIPAL WARDS............................................................................................................................... 44 6.1.3 WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM ........................................................................................................................ 45 MURP 2nd Semester: Indian Institute of Technology,Roorkee Page | 1
6.1.4 SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT ............................................................................................................... 49 6.2 SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE ........................................................................................................................ 56 6.2.1 EDUCATION .......................................................................................................................................... 56 6.2.2 HEALTH FACILITIES ................................................................................................................................ 57 6.2.3 SECURITY .............................................................................................................................................. 59 6.3 ECONOMIC INFRASTRUCTURE .................................................................................................................. 60 7 ECOLOGICAL SUBSYSTEM ........................................................................................................................... 62 8 ENVIRONMENTAL SUBSYSTEM................................................................................................................... 67
List of Figures References
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LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1 The Seven Subsystems ......................................................................................................................... 7 Figure 2 The Advent of industries began with Mohan Meakin ............................................................................ 8 Figure 3 Central Methodist Church: one of the churches from British Times ....................................................... 8 Figure 4 Location of Ghaziabad w.r.t India & Uttar Pradesh ............................................................................ 10 Figure 5 Regional Setting ................................................................................................................................ 11 Figure 6 Rivers in and around Ghaziabad ........................................................................................................ 12 Figure 7 Map showing River hindon and Two divisions of Ghaziabad ............................................................... 12 Figure 8 Climatic Data for Ghaziabad Source:Wikipedia .................................................................................. 13 Figure 9 Major Sources of Irrigation ................................................................................................................ 14 Figure 10 Agricultural Land use pattern .......................................................................................................... 14 Figure 12 Existing Land use pattern of Ghaziabad ........................................................................................... 15 Figure 11 Agricultural Land use Pattern .......................................................................................................... 15 Figure 13 Land Use ......................................................................................................................................... 16 Figure 14 Housing Pattern in Ghaziabad ......................................................................................................... 17 Figure 15 Authority from which the house is being purchased ......................................................................... 17 Figure 16 Affordability .................................................................................................................................... 18 Figure 17 Source of Finance for the houses...................................................................................................... 18 Figure 18 Population of Ghaziabad Compared to Uttar Pradesh ...................................................................... 20 Figure 19 Population break-up of Ghaziabad................................................................................................... 20 Figure 20 Comparitive Population of Delhi & NCR Towns ................................................................................. 21 Figure 21 Population figures of Ghaziabad and other NCT towns ..................................................................... 21 Figure 22 Religion wise population of Ghaziabad ............................................................................................ 22 Figure 23 Religion wise comparitive population of Ghaziabad & Uttar Pradesh................................................ 22 Figure 24 Projected Populations of GNN & GDA area ...................................................................................... 22 Figure 25 Overall Population data of Ghaziabad ............................................................................................. 23 Figure 26 Sex ratio map .................................................................................................................................. 24 Figure 27 Existing Population Density.............................................................................................................. 24 Figure 28 Occupational Pattern ...................................................................................................................... 26 MURP 2nd Semester: Indian Institute of Technology,Roorkee Page | 3
Figure 29 Institutional System of Ghaziabad ................................................................................................... 27 Figure 30 Institutional Subsystem of Ghaziabad .............................................................................................. 28 Figure 31 Sectors of Economic Infrastructure .................................................................................................. 29 Figure 32 Net sown and Irrigated areas .......................................................................................................... 29 Figure 33 Agricultural Statistics ...................................................................................................................... 30 Figure 34 Production of Major crops ............................................................................................................... 30 Figure 35 Livestock Population........................................................................................................................ 31 Figure 36 No. of Industrial Units...................................................................................................................... 32 Figure 37 Production wise units ...................................................................................................................... 32 Figure 38 Location of Ghaziabad ..................................................................................................................... 33 Figure 39 Linkages with nearby Towns/Districts .............................................................................................. 34 Figure 40 Major road network of Ghaziabad ................................................................................................... 34 Figure 41 Major Road Network showing Highways ......................................................................................... 35 Figure 42 Major Traffic Intersections............................................................................................................... 35 Figure 43 Old Bus Stand area .......................................................................................................................... 37 Figure 44 Old City Area ................................................................................................................................... 38 Figure 45 Proposed Flyover at Mohan Nagar................................................................................................... 38 Figure 46 Lal kuan .......................................................................................................................................... 39 Figure 47 Junction at Meerut Morh ................................................................................................................. 39 Figure 48 Summary of Journey Speed Data ..................................................................................................... 40 Figure 49 Mode of Commuting to Work Place ................................................................................................. 40 Figure 50 Views on Public Transport................................................................................................................ 40 Figure 51 People who are not satisfied by existing conditions .......................................................................... 41 Figure 52 Old Bus Stand Area .......................................................................................................................... 41 Figure 53 Traffic violation ............................................................................................................................... 41 Figure 54 Traffic violation in front of Hospital ................................................................................................. 41 Figure 55 Chaos under flyover ......................................................................................................................... 41 Figure 56 Road Distance from Ghaziabad to Airport ........................................................................................ 42 Figure 57 Location of New Bus Stand .............................................................................................................. 42
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Figure 58 Location of Old Bus Stand ................................................................................................................ 42 Figure 59 Railway Map of Ghaziabad .............................................................................................................. 43 Figure 60 Location of Railway Stations ............................................................................................................ 43 Figure 61 Municpal area figures...................................................................................................................... 44 Figure 62 Municipal Ward List of Ghaziabad ................................................................................................... 45 Figure 63 Population in Water Supply zones .................................................................................................... 46 Figure 64 Table of CHA & THA ......................................................................................................................... 46 Figure 65 Details of Water Production and Consumption................................................................................. 47 Figure 66 Details of Total Water Demand ....................................................................................................... 47 Figure 67 Division of wards ............................................................................................................................. 49 Figure 68 Municipal ward map of Ghaziabad .................................................................................................. 49 Figure 69 Administrative set up of Solid Waste Management .......................................................................... 50 Figure 70 Ward office no. 41 & 58................................................................................................................... 50 Figure 71 Organizational Flowchart of GNN Health Department...................................................................... 51 Figure 72 Organizational set up of GNN Health Dept. ...................................................................................... 51 Figure 73 Existing sequence of waste collection............................................................................................... 52 Figure 74 Solid waste management sequence ................................................................................................. 52 Figure 75 Expenditure on Solid Waste Management Trasnport ........................................................................ 53 Figure 76 Existing equipments & vehicles for solid waste management ........................................................... 54 Figure 77 Existing Dumping sites..................................................................................................................... 54 Figure 78 Present scenario of Solid waste management .................................................................................. 55 Figure 79 Educational Facilities in Ghaziabad .................................................................................................. 56 Figure 80 Education Level in district Ghaziabad ............................................................................................... 56 Figure 81 Health Facilities ............................................................................................................................... 57 Figure 82 Reproductive Child Health Care indicators........................................................................................ 57 Figure 83 Map Showing Police Stations/Kotwalis with a buffer zone of 3km radius .......................................... 59 Figure 84 List of Private Banks in Ghaziabad ................................................................................................... 60 Figure 85 Location of Major Commercial areas with a buffer zone of 3km ....................................................... 61 Figure 86 Soil types in ghaziabad .................................................................................................................... 62
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Figure 87 Ground water resources .................................................................................................................. 63 Figure 88 Depth to water level map of Ghaziabad District ............................................................................... 64 Figure 89 Water table elevation map .............................................................................................................. 65 Figure 90 Water Level Fluctuation map of Ghaziabad District .......................................................................... 65 Figure 91 Categorization of Blocks .................................................................................................................. 66 Figure 92 Chloride in Shallow Ground Water ................................................................................................... 66
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1.1 INTRODUCTION SYSTEMS & SUBSYTEMS A system functions as whole with the interaction of several sub -systems. All the sub-systems of the system are inter-linked and inter-dependent to each other, and forming a system. If one of the sub-system defunct, or partly function with higher degree, then the effect can be seen in entire system over a period of time. The system has seven sub-systems and these are inter-related to each other. PHYSICAL SUBSYSTEM SOCIAL SUBSYSTEM ECONOMIC SUBSYSTEM INSTITUTIONAL SUBSYSTEM INFRASTRUCTURE SUBSYSTEM ENVIRONMENTAL SUBSYSTEM ECOLOGICAL SUBSYSTEM
Figure 1 The Seven Subsystems
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1.2 GHAZIABAD AT A GLANCE: A BRIEF TIMELINE Timeline: 1740 : Founded by Wazir Ghazi-ud-din Siddiqi 1763 : The Jat Hindu Raja, Surajmal, was killed near the city by the Rohillas. 1857-58: First war of Independence 1864: Train (Rail) was introduced to the city. First train to Ghaziabad ran from Aligarh, on the Calcutta- Delhi line. There was a problem in printing railway ticket " Gajeeudin Nagar" due to the long name. To reduce the name, it was changed to Ghaziabad. Late 19th Century: Extension of Railway Line, opening of the Ghaziabad- SaharanpurAmritsar- Lahore line . English settlements begin. Post Independence: Ghaziabad gradually grew as an important industrial centre, its proximity to Delhi, always helping in this cause. The major industries to be established during that period include the Mohan Meakins Industrial estate (Mohan Nagar) and the International Tobacco Company (Guldhar). 1933: The Modinagar Industrial town built by the industrialist Gujarmal Modi. Upto 1976: Influx of refugees, rise in population and steady growth in economic activity. 1976: Ghaziabad declared an independent District,from Meerut.
Figure 3 Central Methodist Church: one of the churches from British Times
Figure 2 The Advent of industries began with Mohan Meakin
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1.3 AREA OF DEVELOPMENT & EARLY PLANNING EFFORTS The total area of the district (according to Census 1991) was 2590.0 sq.km but after the formation of the new district Gautam budh Nagar, it becomes 1933.3 sq.km. The planned development of Ghaziabad began way back in 1958, when the State Government issued notification to declare development (regulated) area and subsequently in another notification in 1977, Ghaziabad and 137 villages in its surroundings were declared as Ghaziabad Development Area. The development area of Ghaziabad today is 452 sq. km. Perceived as a satellite town in MPD-1962.During 1960-80, the industrial development gave it as an image of industrial township.With development of Noida and Greater Noida, there has been a distribution of population & Economic activities. 1.4 INFLUENCE OF PROXIMITY TO DELHI:THE ISSUE & THE QUESTION In the shadow of National Capital Territory of Delhi, the Delhi Metropolitan Region has assumed significance. The issue: the burden of population coupled with strain on citys infrastructure has to be shared by the DMA cities/towns. DMA Cities: Ghaziabad, NOIDA (UP), Faridabad, Gurgaon, Bahadurgarh-Kundli The question: Whether these cities/towns have been able to develop on the basis of induced growth or they have been developed only because of the close proximity and accessibility to NCT Delhi? The cause: There was deliberate planning from 1960s onward to develop towns on the periphery of Delhi to accommodate population growth; eventually these areas grew faster than the urban agglomeration of Delhi. The presently contiguous cities of Ghaziabad, NOIDA, Gurgaon and Faridabad located in other states still do not form the part of Delhi Urban Agglomeration whose assigned population was over estimated by 0.66 million.
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2 PHYSICAL SUBSYSTEM 2.1 PHYSICAL CHARACTER Ghaziabad is a planned industrial city in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. It is 19 km east of Delhi and 46 km southwest of Meerut. The city houses the headquarters of the Ghaziabad district. It was initially part of the Meerut district after independence, until the time when due to political intervention Ghaziabad was separated and given a new district status.(1976) Location: 22 kms. from NCT Delhi and is an important industrial and trading center in DMA area. National Highway 24 connecting the city with Delhi-Mordabad-Lucknow. Two other National Highways i.e. NH-58, Lucknow-Varanasi passing through Niti Pass and NH 91 to Bulandshahar also passes through the city. The State Highway (SH-57) connects the city to Baghpat and Sahaaranpur. The city is bounded by the NCT Delhi in the west and NOIDA in south. Located at 28.67N 77.42E
Figure 4 Location of Ghaziabad w.r.t India & Uttar Pradesh
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2.2 REGIONAL SETTING
Figure 5 Regional Setting
2.5 km from the Hindon river. On the north it is bound by the district of Meerut On the south by that of Bulandshahar and Gautambudh Nagar. On the south-west by Delhi and on the east by the district Jyotibaphule Nagar. Road Distance or driving distance from New Delhi Airport to Ghaziabad is 42 kms
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2.3 PHYSICAL FEATURES
Ghaziabad lies in plains. Hindon River, a tributary of Yamuna river, is a river in India that originates in the Saharanpur District, from Upper Shivalik in Lower Himalayan Range. The river is entirely rainfed and has a catchment area of 7, 083 km2. It flows between Ganges and Yamuna rivers, for 400 km through Muzaffarnagar District, Meerut District, Baghpat District, Ghaziabad,Noida, Greater Noida before it joins Yamuna river just outside Delhi. The Hindon Air Force Base of the Indian Air Force also lies on its bank in the Ghaziabad district on the outskirts Delhi.The river hindon divides Ghaziabad into Main Ghaziabad and Trans-Hindon areas.
Figure 6 Rivers in and around Ghaziabad
Figure 7 Map showing River hindon and Two divisions of Ghaziabad
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2.4 CLIMATE As it is connected to National capital Delhi, its temperature and rainfall are similar to Delhi. Rajasthan's dust storms and snowfall in the Himalayas, Kumaon and Garhwal hills name their impact in the weather regularly. The monsoon arrives in the district during the end of the June or the first week of July and normally it rains until October .As in other districts of northern India mainly three seasons- summer, winter and rainy prevail here but sometimes due to severe snowfall in the Himalayas and Kumaon Hills adverse weather can also seen.
Figure 8 Climatic Data for Ghaziabad Source:Wikipedia
2.5 IRRIGATION Borewells are the primary source for irrigation in Ghaziabad District followed by open wells and canals.
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Figure 9 Major Sources of Irrigation
2.6 LAND USE PATTERN 2.6.1 AGRICULTURAL LAND USE PATTERN
Land use pattern

Geographical area Cultivable area Forest area Land under non-agricultural use Permanent pastures Cultivable Wasteland Land under mis tree crops and groves Barren & uncultivable land Current Fallows Other fallows
Figure 10 Agricultural Land use pattern
Area(In Ha.) 206.934 143.93 3.542 38.951 0.086 2.929 0.185 4.091 8.915 4.305
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Figure 11 Agricultural Land use Pattern
2.6.2 LAND USE PATTERN IN URBAN AREAS
Figure 12 Existing Land use pattern of Ghaziabad
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MASTER PLAN DEVELOPMENT As per the Master Plan 2021, total development area of Ghaziabad is 8455 hectares. 4670 hectares is under residential use constituting 55.03% of the developed land. This is followed by industrial use (20.16%) and 6.13% use under the roads, bus stands. These three uses together constitute more than three-fourth of the total landuse of the city. Among the entire uses category both residential and industrial uses have witnessed intensive development. As far as industrial development is concerned, the 1961-81 period witnessed expansion, as the city was perceived as industrial town with 91.60 hectares of land developed per year.
Figure 13 Land Use
The 1991-2001 period has not witnessed industrial development : as many industrial units got closed down due to number of prevailing reasons like shortage of water and power and other supporting infrastructure facilities. Further, the focus of industrial development in UP sub region shifted to NOIDA and Greater Noida with the establishment of separate industrial development authorities for the two towns. There is further possibility of setting up of new industries as there has been shifting of polluting units from NCT Delhi following recent Hon.ble Supreme Court orders now. The land under residential use was 1648.37 hectares in 1961 , which increased to 3160.39 hectares in 1984 and 4670 hectares in 2003. This signifies that that increase in area under residential use in about 40 years has been 2.8 times. Land Use Analysis The pace of development could not match the provisions for both physical and social infrastructure and services as per the requirement of the growing population. It has been observed in the context of landuse pattern that there is exorbitant increase in land prices (for plotted houses), which has led to the development of multistoried apartments (Group Housing) residential units.
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Plotted Development & Housing The Trans- Hindon areas especially Shalimar Garden, Ramprastha, Kaushambi,Vaishali, Rajender Nagar have witnessed large scale construction of group housing flats even on the plots with size of 500 sq.mt.-1000 sq.mt. This development has by and large been in an unauthorized manner thereby resulting in extreme strain on infrastructure / facilities and services. The areas meant for plotted development where 2 to 3 dwelling units are supposed to be developed has been converted into multiple dwelling units (15-20) on a plot of 500 sq.mt to 1000 sq.mt. Density norms suggested for residential purpose had increased to 200 persons per hectare in Regional Plan-2021 from 150 persons per hectare from earlier Plan. This will increase the residential density in the city in coming years.
Type of Housing
Figure 14 Housing Pattern in Ghaziabad
Authority from which house is being purchased
Figure 15 Authority from which the house is being purchased
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Affordability
Figure 16 Affordability
Source of Finance for houses:
Figure 17 Source of Finance for the houses
The Consequences of High Rise,High Density Alters planning principles drastically . Imparts serious adverse repercussions to the overall city infrastructure Any up gradation or augmentation of the same is offset by multifold increase in the dwelling units and with consequent problems of low level of access to basic infrastructure like absence of drainage and sewerage, shortage of drinking water, absence of proper solid waste management etc. resulting in deteriorating quality of life. The development Trans- Hindon areas without any consideration of planning for basic facilities have in fact led to mushrooming of large number of residential colonies at the periphery of NCT Delhi.
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Major Planning & Developmental Problems The separate identity of Ghaziabad is somewhat diluted under the shadow of NCT Delhi thereby the city has not been able to come up as self induced bustling urban center in NCR. The economic base with declining industries and new economic activities coming up in unplanned manner has disturbed the physical development of the city. Unauthorized colonization on agricultural land has resulted in unauthorized and uncontrolled development. It gives rise to numerous problems for planned development like regularization of colonies and augmentation of infrastructure services / facilities thereof. lack of strict enforcement of Building Bye Laws and Master Plan provisions has also been responsible for haphazard development. Excessive congestion on major arterial road for example Ambedkar Road and GT Road. Further due to absence of planned parking spaces, on-road parking of trucks, buses and other vehicles has created serious traffic and transportation problems.
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3 SOCIAL SUBSYSTEM 3.1 DEMOGRAPHICS
The provisional data derived from the 2011 census shows that Ghaziabad urban agglomeration had a population of 33,14,070 , of which males were 17,81,674 and females were 15,32,396 . The literacy rate was 93.81 per cent.[As of 2010, the major dominant communities included the Gurjars, Tyagis and Muslims. The highest order settlement in the NCR Plan 2001 were six DMA cities/towns. These towns were slated to grow to 37 lakh against which they actually grew to 30.33 lakh as per 2001 Census.
Figure 18 Population of Ghaziabad Compared to Uttar Pradesh
The rapid growth of Ghaziabad city is mainly due to vivid and multifarious reasons, which include proximity to Delhi, establishment of planned industrial estates, discouragement to the establishment of large-scale industries in NCT Delhi. Although of late, especially during the last decade, a number of small and big industrial units in the city were closed down and retail trade could not take off as expected. However, the territory sector (services) became the biggest source of employment and thereby city experienced rapid population growth. In addition to above there are two more reasons given as under.
Figure 19 Population break-up of Ghaziabad
Due to the availability of fertile land the nearby villages wherein the population desired to improve their living conditions settled down in Ghaziabad. Due to close proximity to NCT Delhi, the middle class families, which were unable to purchase houses in NCT Delhi, preferred to purchase them in Ghaziabad.
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The above reasons clearly reveal the prevalence of pull factors in Ghaziabad and push factor from NCT Delhi. The majority of people settled from in Trans-Hindon Area work in NCT Delhi, which is an indication of growing urbanization in the DMA area and to be part of Ghaziabad Urban Agglomeration. Further, the post independence period witnessed establishment of industries and thereafter with the discouragement of large-scale industrial establishments in NCT Delhi, the city developed in all the spheres. It may be stated that till 1971 the development of city was self-induced, however, consequently due to spillover of population of NCT, Ghaziabad witnessed rapid population growth. Comparative population of Delhi and NCR Towns
The highest order settlement in the NCR Plan . 2001were six DMA cities/towns. These towns were slated to grow to 37 lakh against which they actually grew to 30.33 lakh as per 2001 Census.
Figure 20 Comparitive Population of Delhi & NCR Towns
Figure 21 Population figures of Ghaziabad and other NCT towns
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Religion-wise population Hindus and Muslims, as shown in the above table, constitute about 99 per cent population of both the district and the state. Hence population of remaining four religious communities is but a symbolic importance.
Figure 22 Religion wise population of Ghaziabad
Figure 23 Religion wise comparitive population of Ghaziabad & Uttar Pradesh
Population Projections
Figure 24 Projected Populations of GNN & GDA area
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Demographic Analysis Ghaziabad city has witnessed unprecedented growth of population especially during the last three decades. 1911: Population was 11309 which grew to 9.6 lakh in 2001. 1971-2001: Population increased by 6.5 times. 1981-2001: Increased by 2.37 times. The population growth of 89.25% during 1991-2001 in comparison to 62.46% population growth in urban areas of UP sub-region signifies that the city's population has been growing at a very rapid pace compared to other cities of UP sub-region. Reasons for the rapid Growth rate: Proximity to Delhi Establishment of planned industrial estates Discouragement to the establishment of large-scale industries in NCT Delhi. Due to the availability of fertile land the nearby villages wherein the population desired to improve their living conditions settled down in Ghaziabad. Due to close proximity to NCT Delhi, the middle class families, which were unable to purchase houses in NCT Delhi, preferred to purchase them in Ghaziabad. Pull factors in Ghaziabad and push factor from NCT Delhi. The majority of people settled from in Trans-Hindon Area work in NCT Delhi, which is an indication of growing urbanization in the DMA area and to be part of Ghaziabad Urban Agglomeration. Post independence: Establishment of industries, therefore discouragement of establishing large scale industries in Delhi NCT. 1921-1951: There was sharp increase in the growth rate of population mainly due to establishment of grain markets and oil mills, breweries and administrative offices during 1930.s and influx of refugees. 1961: Planned Development begins, which further attracted population contributing the growth of 81.29% during 1961-71 and 109.66% during 1971-81 and 78.21% during 1981-91.
Figure 25 Overall Population data of Ghaziabad
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Factors Responsible for rapid Population Growth: UPSIDC developed industrial estates like Sahibabad, Kavinagar, Bulandshahr Road, Loni Road, Meerut Road and G.T.Road whereas GDA developed residential and physical infrastructure. The fertile land coupled with widespread agriculture attracted labor which became push factors for the population migrating towards an employment generating area during 1950.s and 1960.s. Availability of relatively cheaper land in Ghaziabad as compared to NCT Delhi. Transport corridors connecting NCT Delhi to Figure 26 Sex ratio map the resource base of the Western Uttar Pradesh via Ghaziabad gave impetus to the trade and industrial activities.
3.2 POPULATION DENSITY As per 1981 Census, the density of Ghaziabad was 4366 persons per sq. km increased to 7066 persons per sq. km. in 1991. However, in2001, the same declined to 6702 persons per sq. km. This was mainly due to increase in the jurisdiction of Municipal Corporation. The area of Municipal Corporation also increased from 63.94 sq. km in 1981 to 144.50 sq. km in 2001. Figure 27 Existing Population Density However, in actual terms, it is observed that as per the land use pattern, the population density is about 13070 persons per sq. km (130 persons per hectare).
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POPULATION PERTAINING TO BLOCK AND URBAN AREA
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3.3 OCCUPATIONAL PATTERN OF GHAZIABAD
The occupational pattern of any city/town signifies the major activity in which people are involved.
Figure 28 Occupational Pattern
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4 INSTITUTIONAL SUBSYSTEM Administration: Ghaziabad was given the status of a municipal corporation on 31 August 1994.This was converted to Nagar Nigam in 2000. Jal Nigam is the prime authority which deals with water supply and sewerage works in Ghaziabad Due to its strategic location it has been under tight security in recent times. INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS Nagar Nigam Ghaziabad (GNN) :collection of MSW, water supply, Internal sewer line, Drainage, Sewage Treatment Plant, collection of tax, maintenance of community toilet complexes, cleaning Ghaziabad Development Authority (GDA): for development of infrastructure such as drainage, Internal sewerage & water supply. U.P. Avas Avam Vikas Parishad/ Housing and Development Board for development of infrastructure such as drainage, Internal sewerage & water supply. Uttar Pradesh State Industrial Development Corporation (UPSIDC) U.P. Jal Nigam Constrution of Sewerage, Water Supply, Drainage & Solid Waste.
Figure 29 Institutional System of Ghaziabad
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Figure 30 Institutional Subsystem of Ghaziabad
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5 ECONOMIC SUBSYSTEM People are engaged in economic activities to lead a comfortable life. The whole emphasis of activities is given on gaining and spending wealth. People want to improve their standard of living, their lifestyle, and these results into multidimensional growth and development. Financial resource is required first to fulfill the basic needs (physical), and then to fulfill the other demands (luxury and comfort). Economic development is dependent upon the availability of natural resources, qualified and qualitative human capital, technological advancement, public health, healthy social conditions and availability of market and customers. As the economic conditions are improved, more and more people are shifted from primary sector of economy (agriculture, forestry, fishery, horticulture and allied activities) to secondary (manufacturing units), and tertiary (service, administration and education) sectors , and as the economy is developed, the contribution of primary sector to GNP reduces. Manufacturing sector, i.e., industries is associated with the production of processed materials and goods. More the number of industries Figure 31 Sectors of Economic Infrastructure require more number of skilled and unskilled manpower. This gives rise to housing requirement, market, health services, schools, and safety and security measures and in this way the tertiary sector of economy is naturally developed. The physical subsystem is affected by the economic subsystem in order to develop the industries and the other requirement of industries, i.e. housing, amenities and other infrastructural services. 5.1 PRIMARY SECTOR:AGRICULTURE & ALLIED ACTIVITIES
Figure 32 Net sown and Irrigated areas
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Figure 33 Agricultural Statistics
Production and Productivity of major crops
Figure 34 Production of Major crops
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Livestock Population
Figure 35 Livestock Population
5.2 SECONDARY SECTOR: INDUSTRIES The district Ghaziabad , a growing industrial city , has an important place in industrial development in Uttar Pradesh. Industries are divided into three categorized depending upon production, employment and turnover. Small Scale Industries Medium Scale Industries Large Scale / Heavy Industries The number of small-scale industries functioning in the district are 14,160 and have a capital investment of Rs. 270.00 crores a employing about 73,130 workers. They undertake the manufacture of a variety of commodities, goods etc. The number of medium/heavy industries functioning in the district are 145 and have a capital investment of Rs. 2,930.86 crores, giving employment to about 31,200 workers.
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The Ghaziabad economy is heavily dependent on the industries mainly SMEs, which are the real assets of the city. The many industries account for the economic growth of the Uttar Pradesh State.
The most important sector is the steel sector. More than 500 steel organizations in the place employ more than 50,000 people. Also, the manufacturing segment employs 53% of the nonagricultural jobs in Ghaziabad. 106 units of medium and large industries employed 24,595 workers in 2001. Industrial area occupies about 20.16 % according to the master plan which makes it an essential aspect in Ghaziabads economy. Various types of industries are : Manufacturing of Railway Wagons Maintenance of electric locomotive and EMU Trains Embroideries Bicycles Clayware Glasswork Heavy chains Varnish and paint
Figure 36 No. of Industrial Units
Figure 37 Production wise units
In addition, Bharat Electronics Limited is famous for making defense equipments and Muradnagar houses a gun and shell factory. The city of Ghaziabad houses various shopping centers, well designed thoroughfares, and flyovers and is rated as one of the top 10 vibrant cities by Newsweek.
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6 INFRASTRUCTURAL SUBSYSTEM
Infrastructural subsystem functions as a back bone for the development of any Urban System. Infrastructure development is a sign of technological advancement, systematic institutional framework, and economic affluence in the city. Infrastructure's function is must for smooth functioning of whole urban system, as it is a physical framework of services, facilities and amenities. Infrastructure can be classified as economic infrastructure, and social infrastructure. The other subsystems, such as, physical, social, economic, ecology, environment, and institution require infrastructure subsystem for their survival, but they contribute more for the survival of the infrastructure subsystem too. Infrastructure is one of the key drivers of growth of an economy. The key inputs for relatively faster growing sectors like industry or services sector are power, telecommunication, aviation and road connectivity.
6.1 PHYSICAL INFRASTRUCTURE 6.1.1 ROADS & COMMUNICATION
22 kms. from NCT Delhi and is an important industrial and trading center in DMA area. National Highway 24 connecting the city with Delhi-MordabadLucknow. Two other National Highways i.e. NH-58, Lucknow-Varanasi passing through Niti Pass and NH 91 to Bulandshahar also passes through the city.
Figure 38 Location of Ghaziabad
The State Highway (SH-57) connects the city to Baghpat and Sahaaranpur. The city is bounded by the NCT Delhi in the west and NOIDA in south.
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Location w.r.t nearby towns/cities:
Figure 39 Linkages with nearby Towns/Districts
Major Road Network
Figure 40 Major road network of Ghaziabad
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Figure 41 Major Road Network showing Highways
Existing Transport System: Major Traffic Intersections
Figure 42 Major Traffic Intersections
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The important national Highways passing through the Ghaziabad city are NH-58 which goes to Meerut, NH-24 which goes to Hapur and NH-91 which goes to Sikandrabad. Along with these highways, there is Hapur bypass passing through Ghaziabad connecting Madan Mohan Malviya marg and NH 91. The Y junction on NH 24 connecting NH 58 (near Mahamaya sports stadium) has become the most critical intersection in the city. The GT road carries large volume of traffic to an extent that it has exceeded its capacity by 50-60%. Public Transport: Shared auto service Bus service from old & new bus stand Local trains(EMUs) from railway station Metro at Vaishali & Dilshad Garden RAPID URBANIZATION LEADS TO AN INCREASE IN TRAVEL DEMAND Urban transport infrastructure in Ghaziabad, like other cities, is handled by multiple agencies including GNN. State PWD, Ministry of Road Transport & Highways, Government of India, UP State Road Transport Corporation, Ghaziabad Development Authority. o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o Traffic related Issues Inadequate and poor condition of internal roads Virtually non-existent intra-city public transport. Bus Stand with inadequate facilities Inadequate pedestrian facilities Inadequate parking facilities resulting in haphazard on-street parking Absence of Truck Terminal parking areas. Inadequate facilities for non-motorized modes of transport Inadequacy of roadways Absence of intra-city public transport: Inadequate pedestrian facilities Deficient Junctions Lack of Traffic Control Devices Improper location of Bus Stops Loading and unloading of goods at unauthorized places, obstructing the traffic and pedestrians alike Absence of Truck Terminal Inadequate facilities for non-motorized modes of transport Intermixing of Regional and local traffic.
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Traffic related Issues : A Photographic Survey Traffic related Issues Old Bus Stand Area: Haphazard Traffic, No traffic Police at times to control traffic. Autos & buses create Chaos
Figure 43 Old Bus Stand area
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Traffic related Issues Old City Area:Ghantaghar No definite Parking. No segregation of Pedestrian & Vehicular Movement
Figure 44 Old City Area
Proposed Flyover at Mohan Nagar) The project is expected to bring quite a few benefits, viz. Result in lower transport costs for freight and passengers of motorised and nonmotorised vehicles; Improved road transport corridors ; Road network Figure 45 Proposed Flyover at Mohan Nagar connectivity; Improved management of road sector institutions, and Basic amenities to the town along the proposed highways
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Another important Traffic intersection is the Lal Kuan at NH24, which serves traffic from Noida,Bulandshahar and adjoining areas. No traffic police at times for monitoring. Heavy traffic jams.
Figure 46 Lal kuan
Meerut Morh Y Intersection:NH-58 Caters traffic from Meerut,modinagar,Hardiwar, Dehradun ,Roorkee and vice versa. Mostly chaotic due to absence of proper control. Resulting in Haphazard Movement.
Figure 47 Junction at Meerut Morh
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Statistics Daily trips are more with 41% followed by alternate days and weekly trips with about 25% and 14% respectively. Trips are for business purpose averaging about 43% comparing with 23% of work,18% social and recreation, 8% tourism, 7% of education and 19% other trips respectively.
Figure 48 Summary of Journey Speed Data Figure 49 Mode of Commuting to Work Place
Statistics show that a majority of people are not satisfied by the public transport facilities.
Figure 50 Views on Public Transport
Results of the Road Side Interview Survey Conducted at NH-24,NH-58 & NH-91 Daily trips are more with 41% followed by alternate days and weekly trips with about25% and 14% respectively.
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trips are for business purpose averaging about 43% comparing with 23% of work,18% social and recreation, 8% tourism, 7% of education and 19% other trips respectively.
Improvement proposals A grade separator Road widening on a corridor stretch A multi-level parking facility
Figure 51 People who are not satisfied by existing conditions
A bus terminal.
Thus the main project rationale lies for the rehabilitation of the Transport system for Ghaziabad city in filling the demand supply gap. Photographic Survey: Traffic Violation
Figure 52 Old Bus Stand Area
Figure 53 Traffic violation
Figure 55 Chaos under flyover
Figure 54 Traffic violation in front of Hospital
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Airways: Road Distance or driving distance from New Delhi Airport to Ghaziabad is 42 kms
Figure 56 Road Distance from Ghaziabad to Airport
Location of Old Bus Stand,Ghaziabad
Figure 58 Location of Old Bus Stand
Location of New Bus Stand,Ghaziabad
Figure 57 Location of New Bus Stand
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Railways(Figure 60) A. Ghaziabad Main Railway Station B. Chander Nagar Railway Station C. Vaishali D. Sahibabad E. New Ghaziabad Railway Station F. Ghaziabad Junction G. Chander Nagar halt H. Dasna Railway Station I. Mehrauli
Figure 59 Railway Map of Ghaziabad
Figure 60 Location of Railway Stations
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6.1.2 MUNICIPAL WARDS The City of Ghaziabad was upgraded from Municipal Board to Municipal Corporation, known as Ghaziabad Nagar Nigam (GNN) on 31 August 1994 following 74th constitution Amendment Act 1992 and conformity legislation by state government. GNN area has been divided into five administrative zones namely, city zone, Kavi Nagar zone, Vijay Nagar zone, Vasundhara Zone and Mohan Nagar zone. The area is further divided into 80 wards.
Figure 61 Municpal area figures
Ghaziabad is the western most district of U.P. River Hindon flows through the city dividing it into east of Hindon (Cis Hindon Area i.e. CHA) and west of Hindon (Trans Hindon Area i.e. THA). CHA constitutes 2/3rd in area and population while THA constitutes 1/3rd area and population. The urban development of the city has been achieved through master plan 1981 and master plan 2001 from a population base of 70000 (1961) to 2.72 (1981) lakh , 9.68 lakh (2001) and 17.28 lak (app)(2011) Ward-wise area and Total Population Source: Master Plan 2021
S.NO. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 NAME Arthala Sanjay Colony Mata colony Dundahera Daulatpura Jatwada Pakki mori Lohia Nagar,Patel Nagar Morta Karheda Vaishali Kaushambi Mirzapur Islam Nagar Sadarpur Harsaon Pappu colony Bhaunpura Shaheed Nagar Jawahar Park Kailash Nagar Madhopura Sihani siddiquinagar Kela Kheda Ghokna Nand Gram Shaheed Nagar 2 Chikambarpur Lajpat Nagar Bajariya Delhi Gate Seva Nagar Patel Nagar-II Gandhi Nagar Model Town Nehru Nagar-III Pasonda Rajendra Nagar Sector 2,3 Maliwara Prangadhi Nasirpur Old Vijaynagar Suryanagar Chandranagar AREA(IN Ha) 100.93 41.05 617.02 235.36 14.25 67.36 1297.1 886.19 394.3 448.7 77.09 538.92 490.24 47.12 55.88 1149.02 245.77 450.37 161.35 81.06 85.83 152.96 35.57 64.88 259.52 226.53 28.63 66.8 16.9 151.01 POPULATION(2002 ) 21303 15278 18184 17145 18184 17145 18784 18813 16360 15055 16239 12036 19215 17177 17521 19301 14872 15242 19158 19050 18953 18704 18512 18505 18489 18322 18195 18715 17309 17134 POPULATION DENSITY 211.06 312.78 29.47 72.84 1315.4 279.29 12.61 20.06 41.88 33.55 208.45 22.33 39.19 364.53 313.54 16.79 60.51 33.84 118.73 235.01 220.82 122.28 520.43 285.21 71.3 80.88 635.52 280.16 1024.2 113.46
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31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 Rajanagar-II Nehru Nagar-II Kadkad mandan Sahibabad Sanjay Nagar,Raispur Kalka Gadhi Vivekananda Nagar Kela Bhatta Brij Vihar Kavi Nagar-I Shahpur Bamheta Janakpuri Saray Nagar Ali Shastri Nagar,Kamla Nehru Nagar Kela Prem Nagar Kavi Nagar-II Ambedkar Nagar,Vijay Nagar Rajnagar,Sanjay Nagar Sibbanpura Shastri Nagar,Razapur Maharajpur,Jhandapur Lal Quarter Mawai Sunder Puri Bhur Duhai Indirapuram,Makanpur Mehrauli ,Harsaon Turab Nagar Guldhar ,Sanjay Nagar A.B block Chandrapuri Mirzajan Shyampark 216.54 71.09 209 406.64 19.53 440.9 63.83 78.52 136.89 747.89 169.38 40.03 312.86 42.47 52.81 150.56 79.18 298.46 161.4 608.78 19.39 44.9 59.16 462.43 1573.93 1760.72 34.79 167.92 25.61 200.39

19699 16962 16826 19016 16739 16177 16175 16166 15733 15885 15846 15692 15538 15518 17462 19103 15167 15162 15134 15037 15032 14751 14657 14393 13202 11490 19358 17243 18989 17108 90.97 238.59 80.5 46.76 857.09 36.69 253.4 205.88 115.4 21.23 93.55 392 49.66 365.38 330.75 126.87 191.55 50.8 93.76 24.7 779.26 328.53 247.75 31.12 8.38 6.52 556.42 102.68 741.46 85.37
Figure 62 Municipal Ward List of Ghaziabad
6.1.3 WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM Ground water has been utilized for piped water supply since 1955, when piped water supply scheme was introduced. From 1977, onwards Ghaziabad Development Authority started developing the Master Plan sectors and with U.P.Jal Nigam services, water supply facility continued to be provided on sector basis without any water supply master plan. To prepare the status and pre-feasibility report of water supply in Ghaziabad city, U.P.Jal Nigam, in 1995, delineated the water supply zones for equitable, economical and efficient distribution of water. 23 Master Plan sectors which are reorganised into 19 water supply zones (WS Zns) and 10 Master Plan sectors
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Figure 63 Population in Water Supply zones
Ghaziabad city had 40 municipal wards in 1991. It was designated as Nagar Nigam (Corporation Town) on 31.08.1994. The No. of wards in Ghaziabad Nagar Nigam had increased to 80 wards in the year 2006.The total area of 80 wards is 16560 hectare out of which 720 hectares is to be developed as Hi-Tech city by Ghaziabad Development Authority, thus, the net area of GNN works out to be 15840 hectare. As river Hindon divides the Ghaziabad Nagar Nigam into two distinct parts, the first part is called CIS Hindon (City side of Hindon) Area, CHA and the other is Trans Hindon Area, THA. The net area of CHA and THA works out to be 10340 Hectare & 5500 Hectare respectively. CHA (CIS Hindon Area) and THA (Trans Hindon Area) Consists of Municipal wards as shown in the figure alongside.
Figure 64 Table of CHA & THA
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Existing Water Supply System Ground water is the major source of water supply for domestic and non-domestic purposes in CIC Hindon Area (CHA). In Trans Hindon Area (THA), ground water is not potable. Hence, a water treatment plant of 120 MLD has been constructed in Pratap Vihar. From this plant, 72 MLD water is supplied to THA, Ghaziabad and 48 MLD to Noida .
Figure 65 Details of Water Production and Consumption
Ghaziabad town has been selected under UIDSMMT scheme and rate of water supply considered for this scheme is 135 lpcd. Hence for Ghaziabad town ,same water supply rate has been adopted for estimation of waste water for Sewerage Part . Existing Distribution System:From 63 to 450 mm dia. Of AC and PVC pipes of length 307 kms Total
Figure 66 Details of Total Water Demand
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Ghaziabad- Water Supply System : The ISSUES Receding water table : ban on ground water abstraction for sale and supply (commercial) of water in Ghaziabad Nagar Nigam area by Central Ground Water Authority . Poor quality of services : intermittent supplies of 2 to 3 hours once a day in specific water supply zones . Inadequate service coverage : piped water supply covers 5% of the abadi population, 16% of slum population, 65% of general population. Weak financial position : financial position of the GNN with respect to watersupply is not healthy as revenue collected from the service is barely sufficient to cover its operation anD maintenance. The OBJECTIVES Goals for the city s water supply system are Total coverage of city population with safe drinking water as per the stipulated norms and standards on sustainable basis; and Ensuring equity in distribution of available supplies. 1. Management To maintain the ground water reserve To reduce the unserved population by 25% upto 2006, 50% upto 2011 and 100 % upto 2021, To improve the water supply and service quality. 2. Finance To match the revenue against expenditures of water supply, To improve the collection efficiency to 75% by 2006, 80% by 2011 and 100% by 2021. 3. Institution To improve the institutional capacity.
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6.1.4 SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT Existing Solid Waste Management System The Municipal administration has been decentralized in five zones namely Mohan Nagar, Kabir Nagar, Vijay Nagar, Vasundhara and City zone. The entire GNN area has been divided in 80 wards.
Figure 67 Division of wards
Waste Generation and Composition The main solid waste generation sources are residential, commercial and market, slum, slaughterhouses, institutional organization like hospitals, hotels and restaurants, small and big scale industries, construction and demolition waste (debris) etc. but their quantity and quality data were not available with the Municipal authorities.
Figure 68 Municipal ward map of Ghaziabad
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Street Sweeping and Drain Cleaning
Figure 69 Administrative set up of Solid Waste Management
Figure 70 Ward office no. 41 & 58
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Organizational Set-up of GNN Heath Department GNN has total strength of 4,072 including temporary workers. Few of them are also working as supervisors and drivers. On an average there are 3 sweepers for every 1,000 population. There are 165 supervisors for sanitation work; out of which; only 25 are regular and remaining 140 are officiating from the workers. The day to day responsibility of sanitation work of respective area is on the sanitary supervisor.Normal working hours for sweepers and vehicle operators are 8 AM to 4 PM with a lunch period of 1 hour during 1-2 PM. Attendance of sweeping staff is taken two times in a day, in morning and after lunch.
Figure 71 Organizational Flowchart of GNN Health Department
Figure 72 Organizational set up of GNN Health Dept.
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The primary collection of solid waste is carried out through street and road sweeping because all kind of solid waste is thrown from windows/doors and put in open places. The sweeping and cleaning of city is done on the basis of a Single-tier system by forming beats. In each beat there is one sanitation worker. For waste collection from narrow roads, 24 number of three wheeler tempos are provided. About 1,400 metallic un-containerized handcarts are distributed among 4,072 sanitation workers thus all the workers are not provided with equipment. The capacity of wheelbarrow is approximate 40-50 kg. Normally, each sanitation worker is making threefour trips per day. There is no fix norm for providing the carts. All the push carts are uncontainerized.
Figure 74 Solid waste management sequence
Existing Methods of Waste Collection
Figure 73 Existing sequence of waste collection
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Ghaziabad city has a large number of Nursing homes, pathology centers and hospitals over 3000 bed facility. Expected generation is about 3 MT of biomedical waste daily ; two agencies are available for collection, processing and disposal of hazardous medical waste in a common bio-medical waste processing facility centre. Industrial waste generated by Industries situated in Industrial areas/Estates is supposed to recycle/process within the industrial area and no waste from industries should be allowed to mix with Municipal Solid Waste; however waste generated by most of the industries is getting mixed with MSW, because - firstly, the industrial area is almost merging with residential and commercial areas of the city and secondly, there is no check or control over the industrial waste disposal system. Out of total 675 collection points in entire area; 250 (35 % of total) are without containers and remaining has dumper placer bins. At 300 locations, 4.5 cum size bins; at 115 locations, 2 cum size bins and at 10 locations , refuse collector bins are provided in different wards. Solid Waste Transport System Transport of solid waste is carried out entirely by Ghaziabad Nagar Nigam from all 80 wards without any private sector participation. GNN has five zones. Vehicle of each zone are parked in the respective zone office and moves to pre decided route along with labour. Sanitary supervisors of zone are responsible for collecting the waste and ensuring that maximum waste gets lifted from their wards. Zonal officer fix the traveling routes of vehicles based on the basis of experience. Financial power for minor repairing up to Rs 25,000 vests with Additional commissioner; up to Rs. 1 million with Commissioner; Rs. 1-1.5 million with Mayor; Rs. 1.5-2.0 million with the Executive committee; 2.0-3.0 with the Board and beyond Rs 3.0 million with the Government of Uttar Pradesh (GoUP). Expenditure on Transport
Figure 75 Expenditure on Solid Waste Management Trasnport
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Figure 76 Existing equipments & vehicles for solid waste management
Figure 77 Existing Dumping sites
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Present Scenario
Figure 78 Present scenario of Solid waste management
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6.2 SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE 6.2.1 EDUCATION District Ghaziabad has many educational advantages due to its close proximity to Delhi and boom of private educational institutions. Many private schools and colleges of professional and technical education have been established in and around towns of Ghaziabad and Modinagar in last two decades. However, these educational institutions are beyond reach of poor due to their exorbitant fee structure. The poor and the people of faraway places from town Ghaziabad are dependent upon Government educational institutions. Availability of Primary and Secondary Schools as well as Degree colleges per lakh population in the district is lower than the state average, which is 78, 22 and 0.86 respectively.
Figure 79 Educational Facilities in Ghaziabad
Educational Level in the District Ghaziabad

Educational level (i.e. from primary to higher level) is crucial indicator for knowing the educational attainment of the people. Census of India computes both literacy and educational data in the age group 7 years and above. Total population of the district in this age group is 2,724,139 out of which male are 1,463,528 and the remaining i.e. 1,260,611 are female. Educational attainment of both male and female in the district is shown in the following Table
Figure 80 Education Level in district Ghaziabad
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About 15 per cent males and 13 per cent females, as shown in the above table, have below primary level education as per census 2001. Their percentage consistently decreases with the increase in the level of education except primary level education. What is alarming to note is gender-gap which widens as the level of education goes up. Highest gender gap exists at the critical education level i.e. middle and secondary.
6.2.2 HEALTH FACILITIES Health, like education, is vital for human development. Access to health services as well as consciousness and knowledge of people about health are critical factors for determining health condition. The district appears to be backward on both fronts. Although there are many private hospitals, dispensaries and clinics in the district, these are beyond the reach of poor people due to their exorbitant charges. Poor people of both town and villages are mainly dependent upon Government for health care services which are not adequately available. Nor they provide quality and efficient health care services.
Figure 81 Health Facilities
Figure 82 Reproductive Child Health Care indicators
It is evident from the above table that Government health schemes in the district is implemented very poorly. This is a matter of high concern for the district which is agriculturally and industrially advanced. Health backwardness of the district has also been reported by the study of Indian Institute of Population Studies, Mumbai, The Institute has evaluated health condition in 593 district of the country and it ranks district Ghaziabad at the rank of 266.
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JANANI SURAKSHA SCHEME in GHAZIABAD DISTRICT Awareness about JSY scheme among ANMs is almost universal in the district. Their awareness about financial benefits to beneficiaries or women going for institutional deliveries, as well as to other health workers like ASHAs etc. is almost universal. Overall, payments are being made by cheque to 82% of the beneficiaries. In only 9% cases the average time taken after birth for the JSY payment to be made to the beneficiary is more than two weeks. Regarding shifting of cases under JSY, transport was made available from the sub centre to the PHC/CHC in only 54 percent cases. Untied Grants utilization seems to be satisfactory as we find in 8 sub centres have reported the receipt of the grants and the ANMs had a joint account with the village Sarpanchs or any other Gram Panchayat functionaries. At the same time, the record of the expenditure under the Untied Grant scheme is poor. Only 7 out of twelve reported that they spent money under this scheme on the purchase of drugs. ASHA SCHEME IN GHAZIABAD DISTRICT ASHA scheme in Ghaziabad seems to working fine. Around 32 ASHAs were interviewed in the Ghaziabad District from the covered villages. Average population served by these ASHAs was reported to be around 1283. Selection of ASHAs was done mostly on recommended criterions such as selections were recommended by ANM and Gram Pradhan. 97 percent of he ASHAs had undergone training also with 55 percent up to Module 2 levels. Around 59 percent of the ASHAs had reported to be equipped with requisite kits. However, ASHAs interviewed reported difficulties like lack of funds, inadequate training, demand for fixed remuneration, etc. Mainstreaming of AYUSH system of medicines in one the key architectural correction mentioned in the Preamble of NRHM document. Nevertheless, the schemed does not seem to have been picked up vigorously in UP. For the state as a whole we find only 428 contractual doctors have been appointed under AYUSH in the state of Uttar Pradesh. Surprisingly, even the policy environment for AYUSH scheme was not getting reflected to be taken up seriously during interactions with health officials at the State Headquarters as well as with some of the CMOs in selected districts. A candid view was being expressed that AYUSH facilities or personnel should be introduced only at peripheral level i.e. CHC and below and not at the District Hospital level.
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6.2.3 SECURITY
Figure 83 Map Showing Police Stations/Kotwalis with a buffer zone of 3km radius
BABUGARH Police Station BHOJPUR Police Station DHAULANA Police Station GARHMUKTESHWAR Police Station HAFIZPUR Police Station HAPUR Police Station HAPURDEHAT Police Station INDRAPURAM Police Station KAWAINAGAR Police Station KOTWALI Police Station LINKROAD Police Station LONIKATARA Police Station MASHOORI Police Station MODINAGAR Police Station MURADNAGAR Police Station NIWARI Police Station PILAKHUA Police Station SAHIBABAD Police Station SIHANIGATE Police Station SIMBHAWALI Police Station VIJAYNAGAR Police Station
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6.3 ECONOMIC INFRASTRUCTURE These include business profitability, diversity and size of the local economy, and the flexibility of business practices. The extent to which a business relies on the condition of local natural resources will also determine its interest in cooperating and making the planning proposal feasible. Commercial places in mixed land use. Haphazardly planned commercial places. Commercial trends mainly aimed at targeting the student community. There are not much large scale Industries operating in the city.
FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS IN THE DISTRICT: PRIVATE BANKS

Name of Bank No. of Branches Andhra Bank 2 Axis Bank 1 Bank of Baroda 11 Bank of Maharashtra 1 Canara Bank 10 Corporation Bank 6 Dena Bank 2 HDFC 7 ICICI 3 IDBI 2 Indian Bank 10 Indian Overseas Bank 4 Indusind Bank 1 IngVyasa Bank 1 Oriental Bank of Commerce 26 Punjab & Sind Bank 2 Punjab National Bank 30 South Indian Bank 1 State Bank of Bikaner & jaipur 1 State Bank of India 26 State Bank of Patiala 4
As far as financial mechanism is concerned in Ghaziabad District, the system seems to be working alright. All the vertical health societies under different programmes seem to have been merged, and the district health society has been registered with common bank account for all the programmes. District Action Plan for the current year has been prepared and approved by the District Health Society. Funds from the State are received based on the prepared Annual Action Plan. Funds are reported to be transferred electronically. 318 Sub-centres have been reported to have Operational Joint Bank Account of ANM and Sarpanch, but the United Grant for the current year was reported to be transferred for 318 SCs, 5 PHCs and 5 CHCs in the requisite bank account. The number of Nationalized banks in the District is 229.
Figure 84 List of Private Banks in Ghaziabad
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MAJOR COMMERCIAL AREAS IN THE DISTRICT
Figure 85 Location of Major Commercial areas with a buffer zone of 3km
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7 ECOLOGICAL SUBSYSTEM GEOMORPHOLOGY Major Physiographic Units :Ganga Khadar, Hindon Khadar and Yamuna Khadar and Upland Major Drainages :Ganga, Yamuna and these tributaries namely Kali Nadi, Chhaiya and Hindon MAJOR SOIL TYPES :Bhur, Matiyar, Domat or Loam(Figure 86) Alluvial plain (0-1% slope) 1. Deep, loamy soils and slightly eroded 2. Deep, loamy soils and slightly eroded associated with silty soils 3. Deep, fine soils moderately saline and sodic associated with loamy soils, slightly eroded 4. Deep, silty soils and slightly eroded associated with loamy soils slightly saline and slightly sodic 5. Deep, loamy soils, moderate salinity and sodicity associated with loamy soils with moderate salinity and strong sodicity 6. Deep, loamy soils and slightly eroded associated with loamy soils with moderate salinity and sodicity and moderate water logging. Old Alluvial plain with river left out channels/Oxbows/point bars (1-3%slope) 7. Deep, loamy soils and slightly eroded associated with stratified loamy soils slightly eroded Recent Alluvial Plain (1-3% slope) 8. Deep, loamy soils and moderately saline and sodic Active Flood Plain (1-3% slope) 9. Deep, sandy soils with moderate flooding associated with stratified loamy soils and slight flooding
Figure 86 Soil types in ghaziabad
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NUMBER OF GROUND WATER MONITORING WELLS OF CGWB (As on 31-3-2007) No. of Dugwells: 7 No. of Piezometers: 13 PREDOMINANT GEOLOGICAL FORMATIONS: Aluminum GROUND WATER QUALITY Presence of Chemical constituents more than permissible limit (e.g. EC, F, As, Fe): EC more than 2250 /cm at 250C at Radha Kunj, Surya Nagar & 220 KV substation Sahibabad Type of water: Bicarbonate Type The entire district of Ghaziabad forms the part of Ganga-Yamuna doab, eastern boundary is marked by Ganga river and the river Yamuna defines the western boundaries. The area represents almost a monotonous flat plain dissected by drainage of different order. Ghaziabad town is situated almost in the old flood plain of river Hindon. Morphologically, the area can be divided into 3 morpho units viz a viz (i) older Alluvial Plain (ii) Older Flood Plain and (iii) Active Flood Plain. The banks of rivers are steep and ravinous. The older alluvium occupies the entire upland and interfluve area occurring between major drainage ways i.e. Yamuna and Hindon and Hindon and Ganga . The development of soils in the district can be ascertained to different erosional and depositional agencies. Different morphological units have been bestowed with different types of soils. The soil range from pure sand to stiff clays, with combinations of these two extreme litho units. The pure sand is called Bhur. Clay is called Matiyar. When the sand is mixed with clay in equal proportion the soil may be termed as Dumat or loam a good agricultural soil.
GROUND WATER RESOURCES: To facilitate the ground water development judiciously, the ground water resources have been worked out. The blockwise resources are as follows:
Figure 87 Ground water resources
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The annual utilisable ground water resource in the district for year 2003-04 have been marked as 98,163.53 ham of which 70493.55 ham is utilized during same year thus leaving balance of 26349.50 ham for future development which may create an additional irrigation potential in about 31051 ham if 85% of total balance is fully utilized. With respect to stage of ground water development blocks Hapur and Loni come under 'Semi Critical' Category while remaining 6 blocks are under safe category. The average stage of ground water development in the district is 71.81%.
Figure 88 Depth to water level map of Ghaziabad District
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Figure 90 Water Level Fluctuation map of Ghaziabad District
Figure 89 Water table elevation map
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Figure 92 Chloride in Shallow Ground Water
Figure 91 Categorization of Blocks
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8 ENVIRONMENTAL SUBSYSTEM Total natural environment cannot provide the comfortable living conditions to mankind; it has to be molded in such a way that the resultant built environment can give safety from harsh natural conditions and animals. Built environment consists of buildings, barricades, roads, parks, playgrounds, etc. Cities are themselves a unique form of natural, built and cultural environment. As a natural environment, cities have their own distinctive properties, such as the urban heat island, wind tunnels created by large buildings, and air intervention effects, etc. Yet the natural environment is molded into artificial environment, but in the absence of favorable built environment human health may suffer a lot. Urban environmental subsystem is not just the built environment, but the social, economic and political environment. Social, economic, and political environment determine the quality and growth of the physical environment. The total environment of the city consists of this entire environment. Urban sprawl can pose particular problems by eating into valuable natural habitats, whilst cities also pass on some of their impacts, making intensive demands on the environmental resources of their hinterlands, such as quarries for building materials, Estimation of economic value of the natural resources is never ever done before its over- exploitation, however the commodities that are made out of these natural resources, or with the help of these resources have their own market price.
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References: Internet Final Report:Capacity Development of the National Capital Regional Planning Board: Economical & Financial Analysis DPR for Multi-Level Parking facility in Ghaziabad : Willbur Smith Associates Final Report: Capacity Development of the National Capital Regional Planning Board: Detailed project report for improvement of Solid Waste Management in Ghaziabad: Willbur Smith Associates Final Report: Capacity Development of the National Capital Regional Planning Board: Initial Environmental Examination model DPR for Bus Terminal at Ghaziabad: Willbur Smith Associates Final Report: Capacity Development of the National Capital Regional Planning Board: Short resettlement Plan DPR for flyover at Mohan Nagar Junction,Ghaziabad Baseline Survey of Minority Concentration District,Ghaziabad U.P. Comissioned by Ministry of Minority Affairs, Government of India. Offical Website of the Ghaziabad Development Authority Miscellaneous Documents: DELHI METROPOLITAN AREA (DMA TOWNS) ROLE IN PLANNED DEVELOPMENT Miscellaneous Documents: RESIDENTS & BUILDERS PERCEPTION IN DMA TOWNS Primary Survey TCPO 2006(Town & Country Planning Organisation) Miscellaneous Documents: GIS Based Monitoring System For Urban Water Supply System: By.Dr.Kusum Lata-Research Fellow at National Institute for Urban Affairs,IHC,New Delhi Census of India 2001& 2011 States at a Glance by Laveesh Bhandari & Sumita Kale 2006-07 The Hindustan Times ,Times of India,The Economic Times Draft Analysis Report for Nagar Nigam,Ghaziabad Agriculture Contingency Plan for District: Ghaziabad GROUND WATER BROCHURE OF GHAZIABAD DISTRICT, U.P. (A.A.P.: 2008-2009) By Dr. R.C. Verma Scientist 'B'
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AR-670 Integrated Rural Development

District Data Analysis according to Subsystems

MURP 2nd Semester: Indian Institute of Technology,Roorkee

AR-670 Integrated Rural Development

District Data Analysis according to Subsystems

AR-670 Integrated Rural Development

District Data Analysis according to Subsystems

List of Figures References

MURP 2nd Semester: Indian Institute of Technology,Roorkee

AR-670 Integrated Rural Development

District Data Analysis according to Subsystems

AR-670 Integrated Rural Development

District Data Analysis according to Subsystems

MURP 2nd Semester: Indian Institute of Technology,Roorkee

AR-670 Integrated Rural Development

District Data Analysis according to Subsystems

MURP 2nd Semester: Indian Institute of Technology,Roorkee

AR-670 Integrated Rural Development

District Data Analysis according to Subsystems

MURP 2nd Semester: Indian Institute of Technology,Roorkee

AR-670 Integrated Rural Development

District Data Analysis according to Subsystems

Figure 1 The Seven Subsystems

MURP 2nd Semester: Indian Institute of Technology,Roorkee

AR-670 Integrated Rural Development

District Data Analysis according to Subsystems

Figure 2 The Advent of industries began with Mohan Meakin

MURP 2nd Semester: Indian Institute of Technology,Roorkee

AR-670 Integrated Rural Development

District Data Analysis according to Subsystems

MURP 2nd Semester: Indian Institute of Technology,Roorkee

AR-670 Integrated Rural Development

District Data Analysis according to Subsystems

Figure 4 Location of Ghaziabad w.r.t India & Uttar Pradesh

MURP 2nd Semester: Indian Institute of Technology,Roorkee

AR-670 Integrated Rural Development

District Data Analysis according to Subsystems

2.2 REGIONAL SETTING

Figure 5 Regional Setting

MURP 2nd Semester: Indian Institute of Technology,Roorkee

AR-670 Integrated Rural Development

District Data Analysis according to Subsystems

2.3 PHYSICAL FEATURES

Figure 6 Rivers in and around Ghaziabad

Figure 7 Map showing River hindon and Two divisions of Ghaziabad

MURP 2nd Semester: Indian Institute of Technology,Roorkee

AR-670 Integrated Rural Development

District Data Analysis according to Subsystems

Figure 8 Climatic Data for Ghaziabad Source:Wikipedia

MURP 2nd Semester: Indian Institute of Technology,Roorkee

AR-670 Integrated Rural Development

District Data Analysis according to Subsystems

Figure 9 Major Sources of Irrigation

2.6 LAND USE PATTERN 2.6.1 AGRICULTURAL LAND USE PATTERN

Land use pattern

MURP 2nd Semester: Indian Institute of Technology,Roorkee

AR-670 Integrated Rural Development

District Data Analysis according to Subsystems

Figure 11 Agricultural Land use Pattern

2.6.2 LAND USE PATTERN IN URBAN AREAS

Figure 12 Existing Land use pattern of Ghaziabad

MURP 2nd Semester: Indian Institute of Technology,Roorkee

AR-670 Integrated Rural Development