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A

DICTIONARY OF MODERN WRITTEN ARABIO

HANS WEHR

A DICTIONARY
OF

MODERN WRITTEN ARABIC


EDITED
BY
J

MILTON COWAN
THIRD EDITION

Spoken Language

Services, Inc.

Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data

Wehr, Hans (Date)

dictionary of

modern written

Arabic.

"An enlarged and improved version of 'Arabisches Wrterbuch fr die Schriftsprache der Gegenwart' and includes the Contents of the 'Supplement zum Arabischen Wrterbuch fr die
Schriftsprache der Gegenwart.'
1.

"

I.

Cowan,

Arabic language-Dictionaries English. J Milton. II. Title.


0-87950-001-8

[PJ6640.W43 1976] 492'.7'321 75-24236

ISBN

Otto Harrauowltz, Wiesbaden 1961, 1066, 1971 Spoken Language Services, Inc. 1976

Spoken Language
P.O.
Ithaca,

Services, Inc.

Box 783 New York 148S0

Preface
Shortly after the publication of Professor Hans Wehr's Arabisches Wrterbuch fr die Schriftsprache der Gegenwart

Committee on Language Programs of the American Council of Learned Societies recognized its excellence and began to explore means of providing an up-to-date English edition. Professor Wehr and I readily reached agreement on a plan to translate, edit, and enlarge the dictionary. This task was considerably lightened and hastened by generous financial support from the American Council of Learned Soin 1952, the
cieties,

the Arabian

American Oil Company, and Cornell

University.

American
are

This dictionary will be welcome not only to English and users, but to orientalists throughout the world who

more

at

home with English than with German.

It is

more

accurate

and much more comprehensive than the original version, which was produced under extremely unfavorable conditions in Germany during the late war years and the early
postwar period.
lthaca,

New

York

Milton Cowan

November 1960

Preface to

The Pocket-Book Edition

In Order to meet the enormous increase of interest in Arabic brought about by political, economic and social develop-

ments of the past decade, we have now published our 3rd


Revised Edition of
this

Dictionary of

Modern

W ritten Arabic in

handy, comprehensive and unabridged version.

Mnster
lthaca,

Hans Wehr
York
J

New

Milton Cowan

February 1976

Introduction

Thi diotionary presents the vocabulary and phraseology of modern mitten Arabic. It is based an the form of the language wbich, throughout the Arab world from Iraq to Moroooo, is found in the proee of books, newapapers, periodicals, and letters. This form is also empioyed in
formal public address, over radio and television, and in religious ceremonial, The diotionary will
be most usefuJ to those working with writinga that have appeared aince the turn of the Century.

The morphology and syntax


triea.

of written Arabio are esaentially the

same

in all

Arab ooun-

Vocabulary differences are limited mainly to the domain of apecialized vocabulary. Thua
it

the written language contmnea, as


linguistio unity of the

haa done throughout centuriea of the paat, to ensure the


It provides a

Arab world.

medium

of

oommunicatkm over the vaat


it

geographica! area whoee numeroua and widely diverser local dialecta


it

tranaoends. Indeed,

gives the

Arab people of many

countriea a Bense of identity

and an awarenesa of their common

culturaJ heritage.

Two

powerful and conflioiing forces have affected the development of the modern Arabio

lexicon.

A reform movement originating toward the end of the last Century in Syria and Lebanon haa reawakened and popularized the old conviotion of educated Arabs that the ancient 'arabiya of pre-Islamio times, which became the classical form of the language kl the
is

early centuries of Islam,


puristic doctrine

better and

more

correct than

any

later form.

Proponenta of this

have held that new vocabulary muat be derived exoluaively in accordance with ancient modela or by aemant extension of older forma. They have insiBted on the replacement of all foreign loanwords with purely Arabio forma and expressiona. The puriata
have had conaiderable influence on the development of modern literary Arabio although there haa been widespread protest againat their extreme point of view. At the same time

and under the inoreaaing influence of Western civization, Arab writers and jouroalists have had to deal with a host of new concepts and ideas previously alien to the Arab way of life. Aa aetual usage demonstrates, the puriats have been unable to eope with the aheer
bulk of

new

linguiatic material

whioh has had to be inoorporated into the language to

make
of

it

ourrent with advances in world knowledge.


writers, especially in the fields of Bcience

The

result is Been in the

tendency

many

and teohnology, simply

to

adopt foreign
the various

words from the European languagea.


colloquial dialects

have

also

found their

Many common, everyday expressions from way into written expression.

From

its

inception, thia diotionary haa been oompiled on acientifio descriptive principlea.

It oontains only

worda and expressiona which were found in context during the course of

wide reading in literature of every kind or which, on the basis of other evidence, can be shown
to be unqueationably a part of the present-day vocabulary. It ia a faithful record of the language ae attested by usage rather than a normative presentation of what theoretically

ought to occur. Consequently,


torical style aide
it

it

not only

liste claasical

words and phrasea of elegant rhe-

by

side with

new

coinages that confonn to the

demands of the

puriata,

but

also oontains neologiama, loan tranalations, foreign loans,

and colloquialiama which may not

be to the linguistio taste of


terials

many
ia

educated Arabs. But since they occur in the corpus of mabased, they are inoluded here.

on which the diotionary

Introduction

VIII

loxicographer dealing with preaent-day Arabio. knowledge, especially those which have developed outside the Arab world, no generally accepted terminology has yet emerged, it is evident that a practical
Since for

A number of special problems oonfront the


many
fields of

dictionary can only approximate the degree of completeneas found in comparable dictionaries

of Western languages. Local terminology, especially for


titles,

many

public institutions, offices,

and administrative
is

diotionary

has developed in the several Arab countries. Although the based mainly on usage in the countries bordering on the eastern Mediterranean,
affairs,

and administrative terms have been included for all Arab countries, but not with equal thoroughness. Colloquialisms and dialect expreasions that have gained ourrenoy in written fonn also vary from country to country. Certainly no attempt at completeneas can
looal official

be made here, and the user working with materials having a maxked regional flavor will be well advised to refer to an appropriate dialeot diotionary or glossary. As a rule, items derived from
local dialecte or limited to looal use

have been so designated with appropriate abbreviations.

normalized journalistio style has evolved for faotual reporting of news or discussion of mattere of political and topical interest over the radio and in the press. Thia style, which
often betrays Western influences, is remarkably uniform throughout the

Arab world.

It

reaches large sections of the population daily

and

constitutes to

them almost the only stylistio


hence easily covered in a

norm.

Its

vocabulary

is

relatively small

and

fairly Btandardized,

dictionary.

standardized.

The vocabulary of scientific and teohnological writingB, on the other hand, is by no means The impact of Western oivilization has confronted the Arab world with the
problem of expressing a vast and ever-inoreasing number of new concepts
in

serious linguistio
for

which no words

Arabic exist. The creation of a

soientifio

and technological terminology

is still

a major intellectual ohallenge. Reluctance to borrow wholesale from European languages

has spurred efforts to coin terms according to productive Arabic patterns. In recent decades innumerable such words have been suggested in various periodioals and in special publications.
Relatively few of these have gained acceptance in

common

usage. Specialists in

all fields

keep coining new terms that are either not understood by other specialists in the same
or are rejeoted in favor of other, equally short-lived, private fabrications.

field

to a lesser eztent, the Iraqi

The Academy of the Arabio Language in Gairo especially, the Damascus Aoademy, and, Academy have produoed and continue to publish vast numbers
all fields

of technical terms for almost

of knowledge.

underestimated the

difficulties of artificial regulation of


it

The aoademies have, however, greatly a language. The problem lies not so

much

in inventing terms as

does in assuring that they gain acceptance. In some instances

neologisms have quickly become part of the stook of the language;


are a large
in

among these, fortunately, number of the terms proposed by academies or by professional specialists. However, many fields, suoh as modern Unguis tics, existential philosophy, or nuclear physics, it is
not possible for professional people from the different Arab states to discuas details of

still

The Bituation is further complioated by the fact that the purists and the aoademies demand the translation into Arabio even of those Oreek and Latin techtheir disoipline in Arabio.
nical

terms which make possible international understanding among

specialists.

Thus while

considerable progress has been

made

in recent decades toward the standardization of Arabic


all fit

terminology, several technical terms which

one definition

may

still

be current, or a

given scientific term

may have

dferent meanings for different experts.

Those teohnical terms which appear with considerable frequency in published works, or
which are familir to
specialists in various fields

and are considered by them to be stand-

XX

Introduotion

ardized terminology, presented no partioular problem. Nevertheless it has not always been oountry, possible to aBoertain the terms in general acceptance with the experta of merely one

Symbol. A desoripall. Doubtful caseB are entered and marked with a special suoh as thi has no poom for the mumerable academio coinages which experiin the enoe has shown are by no means assured of adoption. Only those that are attested
let

alone those of

tive diotionary

literature

have been included.

Classioisms are a further special problem.

Arab authors, Bteeped

in classioal tradition,

Ages. The can and do frequently draw upon words whioh were already archaic in the Middle Arohaisms may orop up in use of classioal patterns is by no means limited to belles-lettres.
effect is intendthe middle of a spirited newspaper article. Wherever an aesthetio or rhetorioal imparting information, ed, wherever the language aims more at expressiveness than at
stylistio authors tend to weave in ancient Arabio and olassioal idioms. They are artistio and passages of devioes of the first Order. They awaken in the reader images from memorized

Koran or anoient literature and contribute to his aesthetio enjoyment. Quotations from the from classioal literature, whose origins and connotations may well elude the Western reader, are
readily recognized

by Arabs who have had a

traditional eduoation

wealth of anoient souroes. In former years


oiting lexical rarities culled

many

writers strove to display their erudition


oollections of Synonyms.

and who have memorized a by


As often
as

from ancient diotionaries and

not the author had to explain such nawdir in footnotes, sinoe nobody eise would understand recent them. This pedantic mannerism is going out of fashion and there is a trend in more
literature

toward smoothness and readability in


it is

style.

Nevertheless

it is

olear

from the

foregoing that
All archaic

not possible to
in

make

a Sharp distinction between living and obsolete usage.

words found
it is

the source material have, therefore, been inoluded in this diotionary,

sometimes evident that they no longer form a part of the living lexioon and forms are aro used only by a small group of well-read literary oonnoisseurs. Suoh included modern but a small sample of what the user is likely to encounter in the writings of a few who authors; the impossibility of inoluding the entire anoient vocabulary is obvious. The user even though
encountere an old Arabio word whioh he does not understand will have to oonsult a lexioon older of the 'arablya. Finally, some modern authors will ocoasionally take great liberties with

sages. Items of this kind

words, so that even highly eduoated Arabs are unable to understand the sense of certain pashave not been entered. They would contribute nothing to a diosoope in times

tionary whose scope did not permit inclusion of source references. The vocabulary of modern Arabic, then, is by no means standardized,
diffioult to delimit.

its

a These results emerge from the very character of modern Arabio written language, powerfully influenced by traditional norms, which nevertheless is required distribto express a multitude of new foreign concepts, not for one oountry only, but for many

uted over a vaat geographical area. Arabic phonology, morphology, and syntax have remained relatively unohanged from earliest times, as has muoh of the vooabulary. Here tradi
tional adherence to anoient linguistio

norms and to the modeis of olassioal literature,

especially

the Koran, has had the effect of preserving the language intaot over the centuries. But as vocabulary and phraseology mUBt adapt to the new and ever-changing requirements
of externa]

ciroumstanoes,

these are
its

more prone to ohange.


peculiar vocabulary,

Striotly

speaking,

every

epoch of Arab history has had


in a separate diotionary.

own

whioh should be

set forth

But

as

we have

seen, the vocabulary of

modern Arabio

con-

fronts the lexicographer

who

aims at completeness with more than a

fair Bhare of Prob-

lems and

difficulties.

Introduction

In the presentation of the entries in the dictionary,


ly in only a

homonymous roots are given

separate-

few especially clear instances. The arrangement of word entriea under a given root does not necessarily imply etymological relationship. Consistent Separation of such roots

was dispensed with because the user of a praotioal dictionary of modern Arabio will not generally be concerned with Semitio etymology. In confonnity with the practice customary
in bilingual diotionaries of modern European languages, where the material is treated in purely synchronic fashion, the origin of older loanwords and foreign terms is not indicated. For reoent loans, however, the source and the foreign word are usually given. Personal

are generally omitted, but large

names numbers of geographical names are included; the niaba

adjectivea of these can be formed at will, hence are not entered unless some peouliarity such as a broken plural is involved. In transliteration, while the ending of nisba adjectivea regularly appears as -i (e.g., janbi, dirsi, mklet), the same ending is shown as -iy for nominal forms of roots with a weak third radioal, i.e., where the third radical is contained
in the

ending

(e.g.,

qasiy, sabiy,

mahmly, mabniy). This

distinetion, not present in Arabic Script,

may prove valuable to the user of the dictionary. Because of a distinetion which retains importance in quantitative metrics, the third person Singular masculine Suffix is transcribed with a long vowel (-h, -M) following Short syllables and with a Short vowel (-Au, -hi) after long syllables. In any bilingual dictionary, the listing of isolated words with one or more
isolated translations
is, striotly epeaking, an inadmissible abstraction. In Order to provide the syntactical Information to be expected in a dictionary of this size, a liberal selection of kiiomatic phrases and sentences illustrating usage has been added. Symbols

showing the
trans-

aecraative and prepositional government of verbs are also supplied.


lations

Synonyms and

have been included in large numbers in Order to delineate as accurately as possible the semantie ranges within which a given entry can be used.

The material
collected

for the dictionary was gathered in several stages. The major portion was between 1940 and 1944 with the co-operation of several German orientalists. The

entire work was set in type, but only one set of galleys survived the war. The author resumed the collection of material in the years 1946 through 1948 and added a considerable number

of entries.

The German

edition of the dictionary, Arabisches Wrterbuch fr die Schriftsprache

der Gegenwart,

in 19S2, was based on a corpus of appnnrimately 45,000 slips containing oitations ftom Arabic sources. The primary source materials consisted of selected

which appeared

works by Th Husain,
al-Manfalti,

Muhammad Husain Haikai, Tauflq al-Haklm, Mahmud Taimr, Juhrn Kalil Jubrn, and Amin ar-Raihani. Further, numerous Egyptian newspapers and periodicals, the Egyptian State almanac, taqwim misr, for 1935 and its
Iraqi counterpart, datil al-'irq, for 1937, as well as a nurober of specialized Egyptian

handbooks wore thoroughly


edition were

sifted.

the

first

edition

of

The secondary sources used in preparation of the German Leon Bercher's Lexiqut arabe-francais (1938), which

provides material fron the Tunisian press in the form of a Supplement to J. B. Belot's Vocabulaire arabe-jrancais, G. S. Colin's Pour lire la presse arabe (1937), the third edition of E. A. Elias' comprehensive Modern Dictionary Arabic- English (1929), and the glossary of the modem Arabic chrestomathy by C. V. Ode-Vassilieva (1929). Items in the secondary sources
for which there were attestations in the primary sources were, of oourse, included. All other items in the secondary sources were carefully worked over, in part with the help of Dr. Tahir Khemiri. Words known to him, or already included in older dictionaries, were incorporated.

Apart from the primary and secondary sources, the author had, of oourse, to consult a number of reference works in European languages, encyclopedias, leiicons, glossaries, teohnical

XI
and
specialized literature

Introduotion

dictionaries,

on the most diverse subjeots

in Order to ascertain the

correct translation of

many teohnioal terms. For

older Arabio forma, the available indioes and

(both Islam and Eastern Churoh), collections of Arabio terminology in the flelds of religion othere were very helpful. These jurisprudence, philosophy, Arabio grammar, botany, and en bloc into the dictionary, collections were, however, not simply aooepted and incorporated

modern meanings aotually attested but used only to sharpen the definition of terms in the
in the

primary source materialB.

After publication of the

German

edition the author oontinued coUecting

and presented

new

material, together with oorrections of the

main work,

in Supplement

contains the results of extensive oolleofcion MikS'il Nu'aima, and


countries, as well ae

Wrterbuch fr die Schriftsprache der Gegenwart, which appeared in 1959. from the writings of 'AbdassalSm

tum arabischen The Supplement


al-'Ujaill,

Karam Malham Karam, from newspapers and

periodicals of

aU Arab

from Syrian and Lebanese textbooks and apecialized literature. In the Arabio beoame available postwar years several lexicographioal works dealing with modern the fourth edition of Elias (1947), to the author: the second edition of Beroher (1944), MiUtn Arabi'Ibri (1947), Charles D. Neustadt and P. Sohusser's Arabio-Hebrew diotionary, oomprehensive Arabic-Russian diotionary, Pellat's Uarabe. vivant (1962), and C. K. Baranov's
these with Arabsko-Buaskiy Slovar (1957). In preparing the Supplement, the author oompared own work but was reluotant to inoorporate items which he could not find attested in
context, and which would merely increase the
sources.

his

number

of entries derived from secondary

they The author is indebted to Dr. Andreas Jaoobi and Mr. Heinrich Becker who, until in oollecting and were caUed up for military Service in 1943, rendered valuable assistanoe manusoript. A concoUating the vast materials of the German edition and in preparing the
siderable

amount of material was contributed by a number of

Arabists.

The author wishes

Prof. Werner Caskel, Dr. Hans Kinderto express his gratitude for such contributions to Riohard Sohmidt, mann, Dr. Hedwig Klein, Dr. Kurt Munzel, Prof. Annemarie Schimmel, Dr.

amount of exoeUent and especiaUy to Prof. Wolfram von Soden, who contributed a large many entries from newsmaterial. I am deeply gratefnl to Dr. Munzel, who contributed Muhammad Saftf. I papers of the postwar period and likewise to his coUeague Dr.
appreciate having been able to disouas

of Dr. Tahir Khemiri was especially useful.

many difficult items with them. The He contributed 1,500 very valuable

assistanoe

items and,

until 1944, his advice to the author during the colleotion

upon many dubious

cases. Prof.

greatly appreoiated advice.

and sifting of material shed light Anton Spitaler likewise provided valuable observations and Contributions to the Supplement were supplied by Dr. Eberhard

Kuhnt, Dr. Gtz Schregle, and Mr. Karl Stowasser. Moreover, in the oourse of two its to writers, and proa number of Arab countries, many Arab contributors, students, scholars, infonnation and counsel. fessional people too numerous to mention generously provided useful
Here, as in the prefaces to the

German

edition of the diotionary

and the Supplement, the


contributed to the

author wishes to express his sinoere thanks to all those


suocess of this undertaking.

who have

This English edition includes

all

the material oontained in the

German

edition of the

dictionary and in the Supplement, as well as a


for

number of

additions

and oorrections the need


have been

wl ich became obvious only

after the publication of the Supplement. Additions

inserted in the proof almost

number of contributions

up to the prsent made by Dr. Walter

time. It was therefore possible to inolude a


Jesser in Alexandria.

The number of

cross-

Introduction

XII

A new type fnt was introduced for the Arabic. The second edition of Webster' b New International Dictionary was used as a Standard reference for spelling and for certain definitions. On the Suggestion of the editor, three changes
references has been conaiderably inoreased.

were made in the System of transliteration used in the German edition, namely,

for

for ,

and g

for

. Also, following hia preferenoe, proper namea were transiiterated without


is

oapital letters, Bince there


tion

no

capitalization in Arabic soript.

The author followed a Sugges(Language 30 174,


:

made by

Prof. Charles A. Ferguson in hia review of the dictionary

1954) to transcribe feminine endings of roots having a

weak

third.radical

(l\-)

with the pausal

form -A instead of

dt.

Also following Dr. Ferguson' s advice, the author has transcribed


letters e,
c, 9, o, ,

many
which
for

more

foreign

words than in the German edition. The


in classioal Arabio,

g, v,

and

p,

have no counterpart

have been added. The system of transcription


is

Arabic word throughout the diotionary


foreign word

simply a transliteration of the Arabic

script.

For
is

and Arabic

dialeot words, however, the usual transliteration of the Arabic

inadequate to indicate the pronunoiation. In order to avoid diacrepancy between spelling and
pronunciation, the author, in his

German

edition,

would oftenrefrain from giving any tranas a

scription at all, but merely enter the foreign

word

rough guide to pronunciation. In the


(e.g.,

present edition practically


viz, vEt)

all

foreign words

have been transcribed

diblmsi, hikoptar,

with the help of the added

letters.

Arab studenta

at the University of Mnster were

consulted for the approzimately corract pronunoiation. Nevertheless, in


foreign source

many

instances the

word

is

also entered becauae pronunoiation variea considerably from Speaker to

Speaker, depending on the dialeot and the degree of assimilation.

One

other deviation from

striot transliteration of

the Arabic was

made

for certain foreign

words in order to provide

a oloser approximation to the usual pronunoiation. In writing European words with Arabic
letters,
I

are,

contrary to regulr praotice in Arabic, frequently used to indicate short


is

vowels.
iljU'li

Where

thi

the case,

we have transoribed accordingly

(e.g.,

J^kPj'

otomliki,

danmark).

Finally, the author wishes to erpreea his Bincere gratitude to the editor, Prof.

J Milton

Gowan, thanks to whose


appreciated

initiative

and energy

this English edition

can

now be

presented to

the public. Hia generoua expenditure of time and effort on this project has been greatly

by

all

involved.

To Theodora Ronayne, who performed


Cowan

the exacting taak of

preparing a meticulously accurate typescript, thereby conaiderably lightening our Iabors,

we

are indeed grateful. Professor

Stowasser, whose quite remarkable

unusual

abilities as

a lexicographer

joine me in recording our special thanks to Mr. Karl oommand of the three languages involved and whose proved indispensable. He has devoted his untiring efforts

to this enterprise for the past four years, oo-ordinating the work of editor and author across

the Atlantic.

The bulk of the

translation
in

was oompleted

in 1967-1958, while

he was

in

Ithaca. During the past

two years

Mnster he has oompleted the incorporation of the

Supplement into the body of the dictionary and assisted the author in seeing the work through
the press.

The

following paragraphs describe the arrangement of entries and explain the use of

Symbols and abbreviations


Arabio words are arranged aocording to Arabic
alphabetical order
.'oota.
j\j

Foreign words are listed in straight


.

by

the letters of the

word

(cf.

bris Paris, jitf kdir cadre)

Arabi-

XIII

Introduction

often with the root if they olearly fit under the roots, are entered both wayB, entry giving a reference to the alphabetical listing (cf. jj\i qnn law, ii'jy naizak spear). Two or more homonymous roots may be entored as separate items, inclnding foreign
cized loanwords,

words treatcd as Arabic forms


French word crime;
reader that the
cf.

(e.g.,

karim under the Arabic root


combination
k-r-k).

'^f nd

'(.'

tlle

also the consonant


letters occurs
is

In Order to indicate to the

same Order of

more than once and that he should not confine


precedcd by a small raised numeral
is

his search to the first listing,

each entry

(cf.

jj,

_,>).

Under a given
stein, if
it

root the sequencc of entries

as follows.

The verb

in

the perfeet of the base


is

exists,

oomes

first

with the transliteration indicating the vowcling. It


in parenthesos, the verbal

followed

by the vowel of the imperfect and,


the derived stems, indicated

nouns or mafdir. Then come


through X. For Arab users
the corresponding

by boldface Roman immerals


used by Western

II

unaccustomed to

this dcsignation genorally

orientalists,

stem forms are: II JjJ ja"aU, III Jeti jula, IV Jil afala, V Jxil tafa'ala, VI J*U3 lajaala, VII Jxl infu'ala, VIII J=il ifta'alu, IX Jjl ifalla, X JjiJ isiafula. Whcrever of there is any irregularity, for the rare stems XI through XV, and for the derived stems
quadriliteral verbs the Arabic

form is entered and translitcrated

(cf.

VII, i*~j VIII, ^**- XII,

-Ulm III). Then come nominal forms arranged aecording to their length. Verbal nouns of the and all active and passive partieiplcs follow at the end. The latter are stems II through

listed as separate

items only

when

their

meaning

is

not immediately obvious from the verb,


is

particularly where a substantival or adjeetival translation

possible

(cf.

^rU-

hjib

under

^JC, J^-U shil under J#). The sequence under a given root is not determined by historical considorations. Thus, a verb derived from a foreign Word is plaeed at the head of the entire
section
(cf.

l aqlama,

t\j II).
definitions are separated

Essentially

synonymous

by commas.

semicolon marks the

beginning of a definition in a different semantic rnge.

The

syntaotic markings

accompanying the

definitions of a verb are

for the aecusative

of a person, * for the aecusative of a thing,

for the feminine of

animate beings,
is

for a

group of persona. from right to


are expressed
left

It should

be noted that the Arabic included in parentheses


(cf.

to be read
in

even
s.o.

if

separated by the word "or"


s.th.

^ji, ^ij).

Verb objeets
o.s.

English

by

(someone) and

(something), the reflexive by

(onesclf).

verbal noun, or in
holds for
all

dash oecurring within a section indicates that the following form of a plural or of a some instances the introduction of a new voweling of the main entry.
following meanings in the section even
all

if

theso are not

synonymous and are


following defini-

separated by semicolons. This dash invalidates

previously given verbal nouns, imperfect


all

vowels, plurals, and othor data qualifying the main entry. It indicates that
tions apply only to this Iatest

sub-entry

(cf.

Ji^- ka\aqu, J.U 'adala).

In the transcription, which indicates the voweling of the unpointed Arabic, nouns are given in pausal form without tanwin. Only nouns derived from vorbs with a weak third
radical are transcribed with nunnation
(e.g.,

^\j

qdin,

^1m
it is

muqladan,

Ju matan

in

contrast with

Sj^
.

&uir).

A
is

raised

following the transcription of a

noun

indicates that

a diptote. This indication

often omitted from Western geographical terms and other recent non-Arabic proper
is

names

because the inflected ending


only theoretical value
(cf.

practically never
2

pronounced and the marking would have


abrll).
in

^^O -'
in

Mokholm,

Jj.,1

The Symbol

precedes newly coined technical terms, chiefly

the fields of technology,

which were repeatedly found

context but whose general aeeeptance

among

specialista could

Introduction

XIV
(cf.

not be established with certainty heating installation).

jUlJ tfz television

aet,

^j*- hads Intuition,

j-

miharr

The symbol

precedes thoae dialect words for which the Arabic Bpelling suggests a
(cf.

colloquial pronunciation

jLu- haddf, 'Ja*-

II).

Dialect words are


eto.).

marked with abbreviations

in lower-case lottere (e.g., syr., leb., saud.-ar., in the sources of a particular


(cf.

These are also used to inrlicate words which were found only

area, This does


jrr,

not neceBsarily mean that a word or meaning

is

confined to that area

j jjU-

baffia,

oUJLt Silmn).

The same

abbreviations, but with capital letters,

mark
(cf.

entries as the generally accepted

technioal terms or the official designations for public officee, institutions, administrative

departments, and the

like,
Isl.

of the country in question

_r-Lf

majlis,

i& mahkama).
(cf.

The
hadat,

abbreviation

Law marks

the traditional terminology of Islamic fiqh

i-ujuris-

li'n,

<i* mt'a),

as distinguished from the technical terms of


jur, (cf.

modern
<J

prudence whioh are oharacterized by the abbreviation

^Af

'amdi,

^Sj talabbus).

For other abbreviated labeis see List of Abbreviations below.


Elatives of the form aj'cdu are translated througbout with the Englih comparative

because this moat often

fite

the meaning.

The

reader should bear in mind, however, that in

oertain contexts they will best be rendered either with the positive or the Superlative.

The heavy

vertical stroke

terminates the definitions under an entry. It


illustrate

is

followed by

phrases, idioms,

and sentences which

the phraseologioal and syntactic use of that


fll

entry. These did not

have to be transcribed in

because

it

has been necesaary to asaume


user,

an elementary knowledge of rabio morphology and synbax on the part of the


which
it is

without

not poasible to use a dictionary arranged according to roote. Consequently, no


is

tranacription
1

given after the vertical Btroke for:


itself,

the entry
.

but

it is

abbreviated wherever

it is
;

part of a genitive

Compound

(e.g.,

al-ma'li

under

hib,

husn
is

al-u.

under vhdvia)

2 3

nounB whose Arabic speUing

relatively

unambiguous

(e.g., I-tfli,

pU, jUT, jU);

words known from elementary grammar, suoh as pronouns, negations, and prepositions
the third peraon perfect of the verb type fa'aia, occasionally also the definite article;

frequent nominal types, such as:


a) the verbal

nouns (mafdir) of the derived atems II and VII

X:

J^"

taf'U,

JUI

infi'l,

jUil

ifti'l,

J^l*il if'ill,

jUisJ

istif'l;

b) the aotive

and passive partioiples of the basio verb stem:

Jpli f'U, <Lli f'a,


c)

and Jj* maf'l, lijJu maf'la;

the nominal types J_i fall, *L*i fa'iia, jU/i*J t

and

J_yj

ful

(also as

plural);

JUi/TZa and *i^yj fu'la as well as J*il af'al;


d) the plural forma jUil af'l, oUil af'ild*,

JJUi fa'l, Jplil


aj'il,

aj'il,
taf'il,

J*U*

maf'il,

JJUi

fa''il,

J*Ui

fa''il,

JJUi

falil, J-*Ui

J-*Uj

J-*U* maf'il,

JUi

fa'lila.

All other poasible vowelings are transcribed (e.g., ij'l, fa"l, fu'ail, fa'vl, af'vl, f'al).

Words
za.it ,

with weak radicals belonging in the form types

listed

above are also transcribed wherever

any uncertainty about the form might arise


iS*i'i\

(cf.

'f

\j

rgin under

^j,

fjj^- C-j
1

under c^ j

4j>-il

under JU*_* masjid).

XV

List of Abbreviations

transoribed aa

unit. Thoy are In transcription, two nouns forming a genitive Compound are treated as a noun, with the entry word abbreviated (of under ^--L. definite article noun

ahib, _1 Sibh). In a
it

noun Compound where the seoond noun


(cf.
is

is

in apposition or attributive,

alone

is

transoribed

the two oonstructions


endings.
viated,

under lj\ ibra, iU- jild). In this manner the difference between brought out clearly without resorting to transliteration of the i'rb
-

feminine noun ending in

a, as first

member

of a genitive
it

Compound,
is

is

also abbre-

and the construct ending

-t is

to be read

even though

not expressed in the

transcription.

inconsistencies will appear

that In view of the great variety and intricacy of the material presented, it is inevitable and that similar examples will be treated here and therc in a dinerent
for certain redundancies,

manner. For such incongruities and

we must ask the user's indulgence.

Mnster

Hans Wehh

November 1960

List of Abbreviations

abatr.

List of Abbreviationa

XVI

ei.

XVII

List of Abbreviationa

rel.

a particle introducing direct and indirect


questions; queationa;
jl

jjl

abad

pl.

A
j

o
1

am
j\

jLT dbd endless, eternal


l-ol

in alternative

duration, eternity;

\jm

saw'un a

am
you

abadan alwaya,

no matter whether
haps?

or;

forever; ever, (with neg.) never (in the


future), not at
all,

a-wa particle

on no account; (alone,
all!

indicating or implying doubt: or? pertiUi

without negation) never! not at

by

^iiUjI
it,

(taSukku)

wouldn't doubt

would you? do you

J* and jA-OI -bl abada d-dahri forever; ^-bVl -bl abada


|

no means!

-oVl Jl, -bV'

perhaps doubt
Vi a-l

it? or

do you doubt

it?

l-abadin

and

,j<-bVI

-bl

Jl il abadi ha.

and

LI

a-m intemifying
sentencea
etc.,
:

interverily,

forever
^-bl

and ever
abadi everlaating, eternal, endless

j'ectiona

introducing

truly,

indeed,

oh

yes,

IjJiJLi
*Jl

VI Li

(fa-nzur) oh, do look!

why, look!

^jjVl al-abadi eternity


ijJjl

(inndk) why, he
1

is ...!

abadiya

infinite duration, endless

i_>T

ab 2 Auguat(month; Syr., Leb., Jord.,Ir.)


see
_^l

time, eternity
JjT bid wild,

untamed
x>\j\

.->l

OjT
\_>l

bida

pl.

awabid 2
|

unuaual
x>)j\

abba u to long, yearn (ctj Jl


for one'a

il uxifanihi

thing,

prodigious

event

Lj-dl

a.

homeland)

ad-duny the Wondera of the World


-Ojj

'l-^j!

look up alphabe tically


abti abbot {Chr.}
x

mu'abbad
|

eternal,
(sijn) life

endless,

ever-

laating

jjj*

JLI

(It. abate)

^
j
\

impriaonment

j\ abara
(*

(abr) to prick, sting II to pollinate

5JU ibla, ibbla bndle, bale

a palm tree)
j\ ibra
pl.

J
jjcl

see ji) ,1

ibar needle, pin; indicator

abjad aiphabet
^jjjcl

(of

an instrument); shot, injection (med.);


|

sting, prick

lj\ *L~

haqanah ibratan to

abjadi

alphabetic(al)

oLa*:l
|

elementary facta, simple truths

lJj^J-I

an injection; ^\J\ lj\ i. ar-r'i geranium (bot.); Z^-^Lk* j\ (magntlsiya)


give
s.o.

iafV
abada

the lettera of the

aiphabet, the

magnetic
needlework

needle;

J^V'

Jii

sugl

al-i.

aiphabet
-ol i (*ji\

ubd) to stay, linger (^ at a


i

j^> mi'bar needlecase; pack needle


z jljT

place);

u to roam in a state of

wildnesa, run wild, be shy, shy away, run

br see Ji

away
or
s.th.)

(animal, game) II to

make

laating
(*

*--/'

abraMya and i~Zjj\

abrSiya

pl.

-l

permanent,

perpetuato,

eternize

diocese, biahopric (Chr.); parish (CAr.)

V
or

to

be

porpetuated,

become
<m

lasting

permanent; to return to a

r*j\ abramis,
I

(j-x.lj-1

bream

(200Z.)

State of wildness

>y

ifrriz

pure gold

g-ij\ ibrisam, ibrisim silk


jt_j\ ibriq pl.

*i\

abaha and abiha a (abk) to pay attention


(J, also <y to),

heed

(J, also
*l
J

JjjLI abriq* pitcher, jug

s.th.),

take

notice (J, also

^ of

oj* V

j*\ (yu*bahu)

Jj j

abril April

an

insignificant,

unimportant matter V to

display proud, haughty marinere; to turn

j\ abzan
fj\ ifaim
ljij\

pl.

jLI abzin* waahbowl abzim* bucklo, claap

away, keep one's distance, remain aloof


(^p
o.s.

pl. fj\j\

from),
far

look

down (^

upon), think

above

vh4

pl.

^LT

^ and

^^U

(^

s.o or s.th.)

ma'bitf pl.

jjL ma'bujP hollow of the knee,


space
.Lil

popliteal

<f\

ubbaha splendor, pomp, ostentation,

pageantry; pride
<_J

to take or carry under one's

arm

ab

pl.

LT6* father (also


~A L y abati

eccl.};

ancestor,
father!

(* s.th.)

to put one's
s.th.),

arm

(*,

around
{*,

s.o.,

around

forefather;

my

hold in one's
ibf

arm

jl^Vl al-abawn the parents, father and


s.o., s.th.)

mother;
Jaul

\jy\

abn reverend
title

father,

form
\

pl.

^>1>T

bf

m. and

f.

armpit

of address
.u-

and

of a priest (Chr).

jjl
(

abaqa

(jLl

ibq) to escape,

nin away

^p LI aban 'an jaddin handcd


s.th. inherited

down
from

a slave from his master)

from father to son, as


forefathers;
j-.

y\ ab

su'n
;

marabou;
J>^
'

^1

abaq a kind of hemp


r>-"
pl.

y.

'

-"*

pppy

y.

'

jiJ biq

JLI ubbq runaway, escaped;

ab l-havl the Sphinx;


l-yaqzn rooster, oock

llJI

y\ ab

a fugitive
1

Jjl ibil (coli.)

cameis

y\

vbwa fatherhood, patemity

jjil abawi patemal, fatherly

ULI ibla, ibbla bndle, bale


-w_jil

ebonite

>LI
^j-Jj I

ibliz alluvial

deposits (of the Nile)


*J_jjI

(Fr.

abonni) abnik

pl. -t subscription;

iblUP

pl.

ULI

ablisa

devil,

Satan
a deijl

subscription card

(e.g.,

for public convey-

ances, a concert season, etc.)


*j.
I

II

to celebrate, praise, eulogize

ceased person), deliver a funeral oration


(

ab a

(.LI

ib\

l.LI

ib'a)
reject,

to

refuse,
dis|

in praise of s.o.)
4iil

decline; to turn

down,

scom,

ubna passive pederasty


ibbn

dain (* s.th.); to deny (* J*


luij

s.o. s.th.)

VI

<jl

(ill
it;

an yaf'alah) he
<jl

in-

ljl

time;

uLI

ibbna during,

sisted

on doing
.
.

jl Vi ^>l

God

willed

Ll

at the time of, during


ta'bin

that
(of

V to

refuse, decline
.LI

,jol;

commemoration
|

a deat-t.

LI

ib*,

ib'a

rejection;

dislike,

ceased person)

,joI

*U*-

haflat

distaste, aversion, disdain; pride

commemorative celebration
a deceased person)

(in

honor of
jl ably disdainful, scomful; proud, lofty,

lofty-minded

by\* mqtbn catamite; weakng, moLiycoddle,


siasy";

scoundrel

<_J bin pl. L

vbh reserved, tandofiish

unwilling, reluctant, grudging i^wl abtb the eleventh

month

of the Coptic

^yljl abns ebony

calendar

;i

i;^L>l ablqri Epicurean

furnish, give, afford

(<_>

to

s.o.

s.th.),

jjjI abiqriya Epicureanism


r-jTl

provide, supply
pitious,

(<- *

s.o.
{

with) ; to be profor
(#

be favorable

s.o.),

favor

vtrujj

and
bot.)

j\ utrunj oitron

(Citrus

(* s.o.);

to turn out well

for s.o.), be in
( s.o.), (

medica;

favor

{ of);

to suit, befit,
( for s.o.);

become
to agree

^JLjT
jtL

be appropriate
(Turk. ateffi) t&$gi fireman, stoker
s.o.;

with

food)

^i $>

*\S\

[hiuSai'in) every-

ma'tam

pl.

ft, ma'rim.' obsequies, funeral

thing was in bis favor, turaed out well


for

ceremony
1

him, came bis


give (*

way IV
(*

to bring (*

* s.o.

s.th.); to
1jI

s.o. s.th.);

to grant (*
s.o. s.th.)

atn

pl.

JiT tun,

J^l

u*un, u/n female


to s.o.
SjJl

s.th.),

bestow

upon
alms

donkey, she-ass
3

JT

(zakta) to give

to origiresult
(je-

<jjjl

a/n, atin pl.

Jll

vlun,

J^jUI

aitln 2

nate,
(je-

atem, derive, spring,


(je-

arise,

kiln, furnace,

oven
aJuw duty, tax, tribute

from); to end

with), result

in); to get (Jl to), arrive (Jl at); to


jLjI

be easy

duu

pl. jjtji

to do, be feasible without diffioulty, be


attainable, go well, progress; to go about
s.th.

^pujjl (Fr.) oto&fa autobus, bus


(5-jUjjI (Fr.) otomtlki

(J) gently, cautiously


{ s.o.)

to ask to

automatic
automobile

come, induce to come

J yjf and
Jl
al
i

J-jj*yil

(Fr.) otomooij

JU matan
s.th.

pl.
;

ol* maiin place where

(UjI
(

yn, Jl aty, LjU math


s.o.),

comes from place at which one arrives


pl.

to

come

access;

or Jl to; J* over

ou

place

of origin;

origin,

arrive source, provenance; place

(* or Jl at);

Jl to bring, bring forward,


s.th. starts,

where one has

produce, advance, accomplish or achieve


s.th.;
t-

been or to which one has come; place where

jl to bring, give or offer

where

s.th.

ends
j

s.o.

s.th.; to do,

perform
e.g.,

{*

a deed), carry out,

c*\ tin

coming, next; following

f_>~*VI

execute

(*

movements); to commit,

jVl

{usb') the

coming week, next week;

perpetrate {* a sin, a crime); to mention

JVtT

as follows

(J* s.th.); to finiah off (J* s.th., also s.o.); to finish, complete, carry through, dispose,
aettle,

il>l_^

muiin, muwtin favorable, pro-

pitious, opportune, convenient, suitable


iil

wind up, conclude, terminate, bring


atta

to a close (J* a.th.); to destroy, annihilate,

(LjI atta)

to be luxuriant, grow

wipe out (J* s.th.); to eliminate, carry away, sweep away (J* B.th.), do
eradicate,

profusely (hair, plante) II to fix up, prepare


(a

s.th.);

to

furnish

(*

an

apartment)

away (J*
detail

with); to use up, exhauat (also

V to be

or

become

rieh, wealthy, to prosper;

a subject), prcsent exhauatively, in great


(J*
as
s.th.),

to be furnished
i>ljl

Jl

li"

elaborate (J* on s.th.) follows; *_^T Jl (kirihi)

att furniture,

furnishings

(of

an

Jp

apartment, of a room)
ti~uu ta'tit furnishing
<il

to complete, finish s.th.; to spend or use

up the
to

last of s.th.;

destroy

everything,
J'

^-jUIj ^-i-Vl J* Jl wreak havoc;


(buyia)

ait,

tiuJI

atil

abundant, luxuriant,

profusely growing (hair, plants)


Lrl^J
s.th. in

^Oa^

to

tackle
x

the right way, knock on the right


Jjj yu't

j atara u
I

(air,

SjUI atra) to transmit, pass


je-

door;

Jj j*

min

qibali

is

underoffer,

along, report, relate (* s.th.,

from, or
II

mined, weakened, ruined by III to

based on the

authority

of,

s.o.)

to

);

affect, influence

( j or J* s.o., a.th.), act (j or J* upoo), produce an effect, make


( j or J* on) IV to prefer (J* * B.th. to), more (J* than); to have a pre-

j\ ra (prep.) immediately after, right


after

an impression, have influence


to induce (phys.)
like (* s.th.)

&j\
(also

atari

archeologic(al) ;

archeologist
|

^jIjT fri); old, ancient, antique

iSj\ (1U archeologist;

hj\

<ii

(luga)

dead

dilection,

a liking

(* for), like (* H.th.),

be

language

fond (* of); to choose, deem wise or advisable


s.o.,

(jl
|

to

do

s.th.);

to adore

{*,

atir egoistic, eelfiflh

B.th.)

_yX\j

*-J

j\ (nafaah
hope

bi-l-

atara Belfihness, egoism


atlr favored, preferred (J^c

kair) to wih o.s. well,

for the best


jrul

for o.s.

by

s.o.),

to be impressed, be influenced;
in favor (.u* with s.o.); select, exquisite,

to let

o.s.

be impressed, be impresible; to
noble; see also alphabetically
(i_j

be moved, be touched

or J by, also
jl

*); to be exoited, be stimulated; to be

ara remainder, remnant; faint

affeoted

(<-

by,

said

of materials, e.g.,

trace, vestige

iron

by

acid); to be
s.o.'s

induced (phys.); to
follow
a.o.'s

ij\* ma'tara, ma'tura


exploit, feat, glorious
jv\j ta'tir

pl.

j\* ma'Hr*

follow

in

() tracks,
( s.o.);

deed

example, emulate

to pursue, follow
action, effect, influence, im-

up
feel

(*

a question, a problem) ; to perceive,

{* s.th.)

to claim a monopoly; to

poesess alone, with the excluaion of others,

pression (j, J* on); effectiveness, efcacy; induction (phys.)

monopolize
B.th.),

(i_*

B.th.);

to appropriate
(l_j

(^
of);

tfjvb

ta'tiri

produced by induction,

in-

take exclusive possession


s.th.),

ductive, inductional, induced (phys.)


jlil itr preference;

to

preoccupy (*
j

engross

(*

the

altmism; predilec-

attention)

<>!

ytu-l the

Lord has taken

tion; ktve, affection

hfm unto Himself


yl* ta'agur being influenced; agitation,

atar pl. jIjT tr track, trace, vestige;

emotion, feeling; excitability, eensitivity;


(pl. -t) feeling,

sign,

mark; touch; Impression,

effeot, ac-

Sensation, perception

j _J

tion, influence

(j on); tradition

(relating

yUJl
sitive

easily

impressed,

impresaible,

sen-

the deeds and utterances of

Mohammed
(of art, esp.

and

bis

Companions); work

of literature); ancient monument; jTantiquities


relics
| ;

tfjfc

ta'atturi:

^ytdl

^Jl\ (madhab)

remnants, vestiges
1*

religioua

the impreBsionistic

movement

jtf^ll

*m

(d-.

archeology;
*J

ylj taatiuriya impressionism


jlii-l
isti'tr

j^fl jli
(atara)

museum

of antiquitiea;
ineffeotnal;
i

j\

V
arrogation of a
;

ineffective,

jtrj

monop-

J\j

oly

monopolization

preaumption, pre-

(rafi) with retroaotive force O'ur.); -*\

,>*

Xu

sumptuousness; exclusive power


\J\

asbaha ataran ba'da 'ainin to

be deetroyed, be wiped out, leave noth-

jjjU ma'tr transmitted, handed down


j_jjL
J_jS
(qa-ul)

ingbutmemorybehind;,>* -W
dah) to destroy
tj
I

Lr' *'*'

a '*

and !jjjL

it

(kalima)

s.th.

completely; j\ J,
(its)

proverb

(also fi itrihi)

on bis

track, at

Mb

jja

mu'air

affecting,

acting

upon;

heels, after

bim; immediately afterwards,

affective ;

impressive ;
(pl. -t)

moving,

toucbing,
factor,
in-

presently, thereupon;

y^l J immediately

pathetic;
flnence

influencing

afterwards, presently

*j$\

look

up

alphabetically
JiLjI
:

i-j-l

ajabtya horologium (Copt.-Chr.)


ajara

LjI

ulfiya pl.

atfin trivet, tripod (in

^-1

(ajr)

to

reward, recompense,
II to let for rent, let

ancient times

any one of the three stones


fiie)
|

remunerate

( s.o.)

supporting a cooking pot near the


jIj Vi
JIj

out, hire out, rent, lease (* s.th.) ; (with na/*

that which rounds out a number,

sah) to hire

o.s.

out IV to

let for rent, let


;

caps

s.th.,

puts the lid on

s.th.,

the crowning

out, hire out, rent, lease (* s.th.)


hire, lease,

to rent,
s.th.),

touch
JJI

hold under a lease (*

take a lease (* on) ; to hire, engage, take


atala i

to
rieh

consolidate, strengthen II to

become

V to be

on
Consolidated,

( s.o.),

engage the Services

be

of

s.o.)

X
a

Btrengthened ; to become rieh


J?l atl
pl.

to rent, hire, lease, hold under a lease

(*s.th.), take a lease (* on); to charter {*


JjjI utl (coli.;
(bot.)

n. un.

pl,

vessel); to hire, engage,

take on

( b.o.),

atall)

tamarisk
atil

engage the Services


j*1

{
1

of

s.o.)

JJI

and JJj* mv'attal deep-rooted;

ajr

pl.

jy-

ujr

wages,

pay,
re-

of noble origin, highborn


jrl

honorarium, recompense, emolument,


to sin, err,

alima a (um, atam,


slip
o.b.,

A* ma'tam)
shun

muneration; price, rate, fee


|

jj-Jl jj*~\

to eschew sin,

u. as-aafar fares
evil; to restrain
lj>-\

hold back

ujra hire, rent, rental; price, rate,


|

r\ itm pl. *\j\

tm

sin, offense,

misdeed,

fee; fiied rate, (official) charge; postage

crime

4jj"
pl.

Vr

postage; JiJl

lj>-\

u. an-naql

f U ma'tam

transport charges, freight(age), carriage,


L.

ma'tim*

sin, offense,

cartage
_r>-l

misdeed, crime
ajxr

-j ta'fim sin, offense, misdeed, crime


s-T
Lei

pl.

I_^-I

ujar* 2

hireling;

workraan, laborer, day laborer; employee


tim
pl. xl

atama and Jl a^tm

pl.

utam' 1

sinful, criminai,

wicked, ev;

j*?\
girl,

ajira

working

woman,

factory

sinner
Xc
1

female laborer;

woman employee

tjnutZ

antimony

j*-t ta'jir letting, leasing, hiring out,

lottingon lease ; lease |yl*Vlj j^r^l


_r*l

fjA*

a/ir ether

(i'ra)

Lend- Lease Act

Lul atin Athens


Lj^JI atybiy Ethiopia
J^~ji

jL<l ijr pl. -t rent; letting, leasing,

hiring

out, letting

on

lease

jLf^U for

rent, to let
(pl.

atybi Ethiopian;
|

-n)

an

jU-l ijra pl. -t rent; letting, leasing,

Ethiopian
^1 ajja
(fire)

j.jJVI j^AJI Ethiopia

hiring out, letting

on

lease

u
I

(^*-\ ajij) to burn, blaze, flame


kindle, start (* a
fire)

jl*-l iti'jr rent, lease,

tenure
the

II to light,

j^L

ma'jr paid, salaried, on

payroll, gainfully
r-U-l l>

employed; employee;

m* ujj

bitter, salty

water

mercenary, venal, hired, bribed


j*rj* mu'ajjir pl.

^U-l ajjj burning, blazing, hot


jv^U. mvta'ajjij burning, blazing, flam-

-n landlord, lesaor
leaseholder,
lessee,

j>r^* tenant; employer

mwta'jir

_^.T jurr (n. un. 5)

baked brick

jr'jr'

w
a.o.

to do

s.th.);

to enjoin, impose (_>

tivatea the heart, a fascinating, thrilling

on
a.o.

s.o. H.th.);

to take

away

(*

Je from
s.o.

thing; ^Lll

L'i>-I

(mataru)
-U-i

we got caught
(bi-7ipirihi)

s.th.), strip,
off,

deprive {* Je
s.o.

of),

in the rain;

*j~*\^>

to

cut

bar (* Je
(*

from); to reproach,
to hold against

help

s.o.,

stand

by

s.o.,

take care of

s.o.,

blame
s.o.

Je

s.o.

for);

look after s.o.;

*kl
pJI

-U-i .U-l

{nafasah) to
to take s.o.'s

(Je) that... (Ol), fix the blame fje


s.o., jl for

draw breath;
breath

<-Lill

<A*

on
(>_>

the fact that); to obligate


to learn (Je or
j*.

away;

.U-l

(7iaum)
.U-1

sleep

J*

s.o. to);

from

overwhelmed him;
to help
s.o.,

.u

(6t-yadiAt)

s.o.,

* s.th.), acquire
s.o.),

from

te

i*l'

-i>-l

knowledge (Je or j*. (Jilm) to study


i_>

stand by

s.o. II

to lay under
III to

a spell, enchant, bewitch


censure, blame
(>_>,
o

( s.o.)

under
s.th.
s.th.),

s.o.;

to begin, start (j or
foll.

with

Je

s.o. for s.th.);

to

or s.th., with

imperf.: to

do
>_>

punish

(>_>,

Je

s.o.
(),

for); to

hold

s.th.

prepare, set out, be about (j or


s.th.)
|

(Je) against s.o.


s.o.)
|

resent (J* s.th.

in

to

do

*u>\ -U-l (uhbatah) to

make

!j.U-1jJ

l tu'kidnl offense, I
(*

pardon me!
.ucl

preparations,
"5 -U-t
-i*-'

prepare

o.s.,

get

ready;

forgive

me! no

hope! VIII

(makad) to adopt the same


follow s.o.'s example;
s.o.,

ittakada to take

s.th.);

to take on,

course as

s.o. eise,

assume

(* s.th.);

to take up, occupy (*


(* e.g., a resolution);

IJU-l* *l* l*-\

to seize

take possession
-U-l

s.th.); to pass,

adopt

of

a.o. (a

Sensation, or the like); \jtt


its

to take, single out, have in


s.o.

mind

(**, >
s.th.),
e.g.,

(majrhu) to take

course;

<Jl X\

or s.th. as); to

make

use (* of

(majliaah) to take one's seat, sit

down;

use (a s.th.); to imitate, affect (*


s.o.'s

jj^

i-l

(hidrah) to be on one's guard;

manner of speaking)

to
|

make

J_J-L
nice to
o.s.

-U-I

(husn)

to be friendly, be to

(j* m s.th. out of s.o. or s.th.) (Saklan)


\Jj* Jcl

"&J- ikl

s.o.

a_^lic -U-1 (bi-ktirihi)

show
to to

to take on a form or shape;

complaisant
s.o.;

toward
-U-I

s.o.,

try

(mauqifan) to take an attitude,


j:>UI

pleaee

aJ-U

(bi-danbihi)
X^-\

assume a position;

jol-cdl

kl to
-i^l

punish

s.o. for hie

offense; o]j

(raya*

take the necessary measures;

ljl_^f

h) to ask
aAs.

s.o.'s

opinion,

consult s.o.;

(qarran) to pass or adopt a resolution;


-UJj-l

^J>\

-U-l

{ukida r-ra'yu) the matter


i-jL-L ^l {bi-asbbi)

^Jl^il

&\

to take

up new po-

was put to a vote;

sitions (troops)
.U-l

to embrace, adopt s.th., e.g.,


ijjj*yi SjUi-1

vV"^ -^

akd acceptance, reception;

seizure;
|

(hadra) to adopt Euro\*-\

taking out, taking away, removal, etc.


<j\j\ .U-l a.

pean culture; JJL


with
s.o.

iidda) to deal
s.o.

ar-ray voting, vote; ijj


discussion,
l-i=1

-U-1

severely,

give

rough
s.o.'s
A-\

(wa-radd)

debate,

dispute,

time; *jJ* <^* -U-l to obstruct way, hinder s.o. from moving on;
*ijU J* to Shoulder
o.s.;
s.th.,

argument; bj Vj

J^ V ^i
traffic,

(yaqbalu)
.U-l

an indisputable matter; Uaej


'af')

{wa-

take

s.th.

upon

give-and-take;
relationa
(esp.

trade; deal-

JjJI

Jj-\

('udda) to

prepare, set

ings,

business,

commer-

out, get ready to


('dhdari) to

do

s.th.;

\x^

4-1* >-1

cial); discussion,
.U-l
JL>-

debate; fight, battle

put

a.o.

under an Obligation,
s.o.;

ukda

spell,

charm

impose a commitment on
Iji.

J*

-U-l
1

akld prisoner of war

(j\>-}

ukida 'al (Amt) girratin to be


*Xs-\ akida booty, spoils

taken by surprise, be caught unawares;

jUj
like;

-U-I

(muqbala) to repay like for


-L-^L

iU-l
thrilling

akk4

captivating,

fascinating,

i_^UJI

^i

s.th.

which cap-

; ;

i\

Ju-U ma'kad

pl.

JU-l*

makid 2
s.th.,
{el.)
;

place

so

forth,

et

cetera;

j*V' j->

kira

l-

from

which

one

takes
outlet

source

amri eventuay,
all; jj}\ _^-T
L-jJl

finally, in

the end, after

wall

socket,

adoption,

kira d-dahri forever; _^-T

borrowing, loan ; manner of acting,

mode

az-zamn time at
is

which the

of procedura, approach; pl. -U source


referencea, bibliography (in booka); rep-

Day

of

Judgment

to be expected, the

end of the world;

'>' J* to the

last,

rehensible points, faults, flaws, defects,

down

to the grass roots, entirely, com-

shortcomings
easiest

^>Vl
;

o-tU the simplest,

pletely, e.g., j*-T

j* _^i {dummira) to

approach

-Ulli

^^

eaay

to

be completely destroyed, be wiped off the

handle or to use; aee also akada (middle


of paragraph)
irf-lj,

map

j>-\
<!
I*

^- from behind, from the


endlesa, infinite;
last j*-T

rear;

_^-T

mu'kada
J

objection, exception;
"}/

_^\
a.

after

all,

of

all;

_*iJI

y-ljl
last

oi-ioAr the

end of the month, the

censure, blame

!-bUj*

(mv'kadata)
ten days of the month;
last

I^T

pardon me! no

offense, I hope!

^j-^j

lj!

but not

least

i_p-U ma'Jcd taken, seized; taken


aurpriae,

by

lj*-^\ al-kira the hereafter

caught,
with),

trapped

surpriaed
(t-*

taken
Ai

{^

fascinated

by)

_^T kar 3 ,
ukar*

f. <j_/-\

ukr,

pl.

comm.
or

_/-\

ij^U

in force, valid
receipts,

(and

jj^\

karn

o U_^-

ukrayt respectively) another, one more,

oli^L makdt
returns (com.)

takings,

j*-^l

the

other

^j*-l
(

(marratan)
_>

once more; j^^-lM


off,

>

*,

j*-^

he

also,
Lil

i-\

II

to delay, put
(*
a.th.)
;

defer,

postpone,

she also, he in turn, ab in turn, j-^


I also;

adjourn

to
(

hinder,

impede,

ti^^l oJtf
Jl T j
iL-

o\

(in knat) other -

obetruct, hold

up
(*

s.o.,

* s.th.), slow

wise;
^ji~\

^T
Jl

from time to time;


from year to
once in a

down, retard

a.th.);

to
ita

draw

out,

y* jj

(sana)
Cr J
.

delay (j* # a.th. beyond


time); to put back (*,
(* s.th.);

appointed
shelve

year;
while,

<Sj*-\j

{/o*)

from time to time;

tj*-l

*5jT

a.o., s.th.),

(winatan) Bometimes

to set back (* a watch, a dock);

sometimes, at

to auspend, discharge, dismiss,


(> s.o.

remove
be

times

at times
1

from an
fall

office)

V to be

late; to

tf^Vl al-ukr the hereafter


SISto
ufcrow of or relating to the
life

delayed,
linger,

or lag behind (j*), tarry,

heaitate; to default (j* on), be

come

or the hereafter
latest;

behindhand, be in arreara (j* with), be

behind {j*
be

in); to hesitate (j* with); to

^-1

akir last;

rearmost; the

suspended

(from

aervice),
|

be

dia-

second of two;
in

l,r-l

eventually, finally,

charged, be dismiaaed
l

the end, after

all,

at last; recently,
j-1/l
|

dJli -Xm j^-^-i l

after that, he did


...,

not hesitate long


...

lately, the other

day;

/l/1

the

before he

presently, he

former
last

the latter

l_^-T

^j

lj*-l

but not least


retaine ita

_^-T kir pl. -n, -t, _/- \j\ aivkir* last,

ultimate,

utmost, extreme; end, close,

jU^> mi'kr palm which


fruit into the winter

conclusion; foot, bottom (of a paper);

>^l

and ;>^l the hereafter i>^l jUl


\

^-U

ta'kir

delay,

deferment,

post-

the abode in the hereafter, the everlasting

ponement; obstruction, retardation; putting back, temporary shelving

abode;

_^-T J(

il

kirihi

and

,;

j*\i taakkur delay, lag, retardation;


hesitation, tarrying, lingering; slowneas,

~tjj\

akawya brotherhood

(as a re-

ligious association)

tardinesa;

backwardness, underdevelop-

U-

ik' ,

j>-

ukwa

brotherhood

ment

(of

a country)

brotherliness, fratemity
jl*-l

j*-j*

mu'akkar rear part, tau, end;


;

ilcxua

fratemization, fraternity,

stern (of a ship)

remainder, balance (of


\j*-$*

brotherliness
i-t ta'kin fratemization
j_j>-l

a sum, to be paid later);

mu'akka

ran recently, lately, the other day; at


last, finally,

eventually
rear, rear

ajcr barn, stable


befall, affct ( s.o.)

j-j*

mu'akkara
rear

guard
lines

(of

an
jl

adda ut to
il j*l

army)

positions

or

(m.) ;

stern (of a ship) _^l^4 muta'akkir delayed, belated, late;

amr

idd a terrible, evil, horrible

thing occurring later (je than); behind, behind.ol

aduba u (adab) to be well-bred, well-

hand,

in arrears;

backward, underdevel-

mannered, eultured, urbane, have refined


tastes;

oped; lagging, staying behind; defaulter;

or
|

adaba

(adb) to invite

(to

Uj^-ldl the
writers, or the

later,

or modern, authora,

party
(* s.o.)

banquet,

s.o.),

entertain

likefasopposedtoj^ JJtdl);
re|

ijU

>_ol (ma'duba) to

arrange a
II

ol>-uil arrears, balance of a sum

banquet, give
refine,

a
(

formal
s.o.);

dinner
to

to

maining due after previous payment


i^lxil
OloiJt

educate

diseipline,

(buidn)

the

underdevel-

punish, ehastise

(* s.o.)

IV to invite aa a

oped countries
Sr^Aaji-\

guest

( s.o.)

to reeeive a fine education

to be well-bred, well-educated, eultured,

Ukfubf OCtOpuS

have refined tastes; to show


courteous,
civil,

o.s.

polite,
o.a.,

j>-\

III to fraternize, aasociate as brothera


(

urbane; to educate

with

s.o.)

to act or

show

o.s.

as a

refine one's tastes


o.a.

(^

by, through); to let


|

brother or friend VI to fraternize, associate as brothers


;-l

be guided

(i_j

by)

-jj

._oIj

(6t-

adabihi) to follow s.o.'s moral

example
re-

ak

pl.

ij*-\

ikwa,

jl_^>-l

ikwn

i_ol

adab

pl.

._jl.sT

db eulture,

brother; fellow
pl. l_jjil speeif.,

man, neighbor; friend; brethren or members of


religious

finement; good breeding, good manners,


social

gracea,

decorum, decency,

pro-

an order;
of the

jl_j>-Vl

brotherhood

priety,

seemliness;

humanity, humane|

Wahabi

sect, militant in character,

ness; the humanities; belles-lettres

c-jj

established

by Ibn Sa'd
*)
_^>-l

in

1910

^-1 L

^j^I
,,-oVl

toilet,

water closet; .-olM

J~L#

and

my

dear friend!

ak

tiqa trust-

fJ* ill-mannered,
i/UI
i_jj"i!l

ill-bred, impolite,

worthy, reliable;

jJ

brother through

uncivU;

('mml)
literati,

populr

both father and mother, brother-german


<l^-\

literature;
lettera;

t-o^l

Jl*-j

^!^l

S-JS'

kulllyat al-.

men (=

of
fa-

ukt

pl.

cJ\yi~\

akait
|

eister;

culte

des lettres) College of arts;


of conduet,
e.g., j_ji-JI

._jIjI

{gram.) cognate; counterpart

l^-l

the

rulea, rules

t-jU
de-

other (of two), its mate,


(after a fem.

its

counterpart

rules

of decorum, etiquette;

i-jIjVI

noun)

cency, morals
Jjl J^l

jj>- Jcuwaiy little brother

adabi moral, ethic(al); literary

6j>-\ akawi brotherly, fraternal

<*-lj

moral Obligation;

LjjL-j

\-td

;;

10

adabiyan wa-mddiyan morally and physically;

V>l,

l*i\

adam, adama skin

-o^

ii-iiJI (jalaafa) ethica,

moral

<jl

adim
|

skin; surface;
f*\
<*

tanned skin,

science
*iLol adabiyt Uterature, bellea-lettres
iJLie.il

leather

^jVl

al-ar$ the surface

of the earth
j.ljl

adabJfna

pl.

-dt

toet, wator
3 pjT

addm tanner

closet

dam*
tji\

Adam
dami

,oT

^jil

oii6

pt.

UjI

tuia6' a

^ human
\

being
poor,

cultured,

refined, educated; well-bred, well-manner-

buman;
(pl.

humane;

ed, civil, urbane; a refined


tastes;

man

of culture

and

inferior,

meager;

-n, joljl

awdim 2 )

man

of letters,

writer,

human
-*jT

being

author
ijjl adiba authoress, writer

damiya humaneness, humanity;

humanism
ban Ijl

iol*

ma'duba

pl.

<>jU

ma'ewitt*

adh

pl.

oljji adawt tool; instrument;

quet, formal dinner _jit to'dit education ; discipline; pun-

Utensil,

implement,
(gram.)

device,
particle
|

appliance
SA-1
IjI

apparatus;
o.

ishment, chastisement; disciplinary pun-

oi-Ajbm
ll.il

machinery of govemment;
definite article (gram.);
*IaI

ishment

^__j jl^Jl

^j-Lf

majlia

at-t.

dis-

._ju_^jl

ciplinary board

JLLJ (tan/idiya) executive agency;


materials, equipment, gear,
*^j_^~

pl.

olj.il

^jIj

ta'dibi disciplinary; punitive, re|

(AarMya)

war material;

i-LL^-l

olj^l

taliatory

<&&

<-* (qadlya) discipli-

(iA(tyafiya)

stand-by equipment

(techn.);

nary action

iJj^. olj.il (manztJiya) household Uten-

wot

ta'addub
civility,

good

breeding,

good

sils,

household effects

manners,
ness, tact

politenesa, courteous-

jjV' al-adn (Hebr.) the Lord;


<js\

Mr

(Isr.)

<_oT dib host


t-oj*

II to

convey, take, bring, lead, steer,


(*,
i

mu'oddit

pl.

-n

educator

Channel
that
s.o.

or

s.o., s.th., Jl to),

see

teacher in a Koranic school (Tun.);

or s.th.

(*,

or

<_j)

gets to (Jl);

muaddab
urbane
jjl

well-bred, well-mannered, civil,

to bring about, cause, effect, produce


(Jl s.th.); to lead, contribute,

be condu-

cive (Jl to a result); to

amount, come

vdra scrotal hernia


adirna 2 Edirne,

practically (Jl to); to tend (Jl to),


(Jl at);

aim

to carry out, execute, discharge


to perform (* a ritual, etc.);

jjl

Adrianople

(city

in
(* s.th.);

NW Turkey)
^LjLjjVI (Fr. adrtatique) al-adriyatxk and
*ilJljjjV1
x

to

do (vr'j wjibah one's duty); to


(-Uj a function,
iJIj

fulfill

a mission);

j bahr

al-a.

the Adriatic Sea

to accomplish (jj^U a task); to take


(L_c

an oath;
(L.0*;

UUll.1

an examination)

*s\

adama

(adm) to take some additional

to render
Jl

kidmatan a Service, J or meaning, a musical


|

food (* with the bread), enrich (* the


bread) "with aome extra food or condi-

to

s.o.

a e.g., a
etc.)

composition,

>*"5*Jl

^jI

(saldm)

ment
a\i\

to greet, Baiute

to load, be conducive,

idm anything eaten with bread;

contribute

(Jl

to results); to be carried

shortening, fatty ingredient

out, be performed, be accomplished ; to

, ;

il

arrive

Jl at),

be lead

( Jl

to)

X to demand,
noun of
(of
II)

(<_

of

s.th.),

be informed

(i_

about) II to

claim {*

from

s.o. s.th.)

call

(i_j

to),esp. to call to prayer (J-^LaJl;);

bl ad* pl. -t (as verbal

to crow (rooster) IV to announce,

make

rendering (of a Service); pursuit, Per-

known
upon
( s.o.)

(.-

s.th.,

i_j

to

s.o. s.th.),

inform,

formance,

execution,

discharge

notify (* s.o.); to call to prayer; to call


s.o.
(),

duty), realization,

effeotuation,

accom-

urge,

admonish, exhort
(i_i

plishment (of a task); rendition, reading


(e.g.,

to do s.th. {_-); to herald

or *

of a musical oompoeition);
f

s.th.);
fulfill-

to foreshadow
(l

(i_j

s.th.); to
|

be on

ment; payment

IjIII

j~*-

kum
art,

the verge
al-a.

of doing s.th.) to

-UjiJtj jjT

good rendition

(of

a work of

of a

(JljjJL)

(zawl)

show

signs

of the
JJJI

musical composition)
Sjjtj

imminent downfall (end); L*ijIj


(lailu bi-ntipf) it

jT

was

close to
(i_

midnight

ta'diya rendering (of a Service);

to herald, announce

s.th.)

to ask
i_j);

pursuit,

Performance,

execution,

dis-

permission (j to do
to ask
house),

s.th.,

rarely

charge (of a duty), realization, effectuation;

permission

accomplishment

(of

a task);

ful-

have

o.s.

enter (J* announced (J* to


to
s.o.),

s.o.'s

s.o.);

fiUment; payment

to take leave (,y of


task, func-

say good-by

&J mu'addan assignment,


underlying idea
jl

(-to)
jl idn permission, authorization
Zt\ if
;

tion ; sense, meaning, signification, import,

oili

God

choose,

God

willing; (pl. jjjl


|

i$ 1. (introducing

a verbal

clause) (and)

udn, olijjl udnt) (postal) order


-b^rJl pl.

uil

then;

iJlj

jl

id

dka

(also written jlil)

Jj^JI

oUjjl postal money order;

then, at that time, at the

same

time, in
as,

<i>jjl uil do.

doing so;

2. (conj.;

temp. and caus.)

jjl

udun, ud,n

f.,

pl.
|

jljT

dn ear;
i^l

when;

since, as, the

more so

as, because;

handle (of a cup)

J**J\-

u^ll
media

jl jl id

anna

since, as, in

view of the fact

(wusf) middle-ear infection, Otitis


(med.)

that; for, because


1

ljl

id

1.

(introducing a

nominal clause
he expressed

jlil

adn

call to
little

prayer
ear; ear lobe
pl.

the subject of which

may

ojl udaina

by
all

i_j

with

foll.

genit.)

and then, and


there

ojU ma'dana,
ma'din 3 minaret
IjI

oit. mi'dana

iL

of

a sudden; (with noun in nominacase


or with
i_j)

tive

waa

and

all

of

sudden there
if,

was

Idn declaration, proclamation,


s.th.)
|

2. (conj.)

when;

whenever; whether,
questions);
VI
L.

if
lil

announcement (^ of
tljJi-l
is

1.^1;

IJ

JL*

(introducing indirect

indicating that the conversation

when, whenever;
not; except
2

lil

(id) unless, if

(was) ended

when

jJU ma'gn authorized; slave with


limited legal rights
(Isl.

Law)

jj iL

ljl

(Dil)

idan then, therefore, in that case,

^ji.

(Sar'i) ofcial

authorized by the cadi

hence, consequently
to perform civil marriages (Isl.
jljT dr 2
Ir.)
1

Law)
(mil.

March (month;

Syr., Leb., Jord.,

JjiL ma'dniya leave, furlough


Syr.); license, franchise (Syr.)

jjl a4ina

a to

listen (Jl to s.o.); to allow,


s.o.

ui_J*

mu'addin muezzin, announoer of

pormit (j J

a.th.);

to hear, learn

the hour of prayer

jil

il tdan see

2 lil

jjl^jl ariuwzx artesian (well)


1

^p! a^tya a to suffer damage, be harmed

i*J

ntosowdissension{^ubetween,among)
*'rf

IV to hrm, hurt, wrong


lest,
,j;jjj

( s.o.);

to

mo2

>jl

annoy,
l yu'di

irritate, trouble ( s.o.)

V
ifS'iyj

inheritance,

heritage;

estate

(of

inheritance)

innocuous, harmless, inoffen I

sive

to aufFer damage, be wronged; to

UTtduksX

orthodox

<-Siyj V

feel offended,
,j}\

be hurt
adk,
Jjjl

the Orthodox Church

adan,

Ijl

adlya damage,

^-Tj^jV' fj^l ar-rm al-urtduks the


Greek Orthodox Cburch
j^jl

hrm; injury;

trouble, aruioyance, griev-

ance, wrong, offense, insult


arija a (araj, _j\arij)

tobe fragrant Vdo.

Jjlil

idya

damage, hrm, harmful^jl araj fragrance, sweet smell


jl arij fragrant, sweet- smelling

neBS, noziousnesB
lil id'

hrm, damage, prejudice;

offense, hurt; grievance, nuisance


ij*

jl
injurik-jI II

arij fragrance, sweet smell

mu'din hurtful, harmful,

taarjaha to rock, Swing


muta'arjih fluctuating

ous, detrimental, prejudicial; annoying,

irksome, troublesome; painful, hurting,


offensive, insulting

wv-jti*

,>i*-jVl al~arjanlin Argentina


pl. jIjI

jjljl

artiqi

and

J^jIjI

artiqa

j^jl

urjwwn purple
urjuwni purple (-colored)
(eg.)

a heretic (Ckr.)
(jl_j*-jl

t/ljT

rmi Aramaean; Aramaio


J^Tj' populr spelling
of j^*-_^ 'araariba a {arab) to be skillful, proficient

<_^jl

(_*

in

s.th.);

gz (q.v.);

Punch

(in a

Punch and Judy

araba

to tighten
( s. o.)

(a

show)
j-jl

a knot) HI
wijl

to try to outwit
pl.
<_jIjT

arab

rb wish (j

for),

II to date (*

letter,

and the

like,

<_*

desire,

need (j of

s.th.);

purpoae, aim,

with a date); to write the hiatory of


s.th. (*)

goal,

end
irb pl. ^IjTrfi

i-*jl

limb

Ljl Ljl Sj*

jU

ta'rik
r j\y f

dating (of a

letter, etc.);

(mazso^aft) to tear s.th. to pieces or to

irik pl.

Uxwrxk 2 date; time; his|

shreds
jl irba skill, resourcefulness, clever-

tory; chronicle, annals

SLJ-1

f.j^i t.al-

hayh biography; curriculum


*U-

vitae; jIj

{'mm) world history;

AjUI

L*U the

ness, smartness

historians
jjI

uria

pl. -jjI

raA knot,

bow

Jtj
^jl
arifc

ftmf historic(al)
-n historiographer,

skillful,

resourceful, clever,
jrjj* mw'arrifc pl.

intelligent

historian,
<>jU

chronicler, annahst;

mu

ma*rab
object

pl.

<_.>jL.

ma'rtfi 8

wish,

'arrak dated
J-j^jl arkabil archipclago

desire;
goal,

of desire, purpose, aim,

end
Arbela, city

Jojl
in

arbll 2 Erbil (the ancient

j^-jl

(5p^)v) pl. i^UjI arkina archon, pl.

Iraq)

notables (Chr.-Copt.)

j\

i_ojl irdabb
pl.

(now usually pronounced ardabb)


ardib 2 ardeb, a dry meaaure

painting); ground floor,


storage,
fjy-ijl

first floor (tun.);

t_jjljl

warehouse charges
(city

[Eg.;

1981)

ardurm 2 Erzurum

in

NE

iijl irdabba cesspool

Turkey)
jl

JjjVl al-urdunn Jordan (river and country)


Jijl
ijT'lAl

(also

*ljjl)

urfa

pl.

ijl

uraf (ijjl)

urdunm Jordanian JjjV'


|

<SlLil

battalion (formerly, Eg.; mit.)


Uijl arpaqa pl. -t

al-mamlaka

al-u. al-hSimlya

the

heresy (Ckr.)

Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan


designation)
jljjjl (Fr. ardoise)

(official

jjU see

jj
pl.

arduwz

slate

j^jl

urgun

j^ljl

argin* organ

(mu8.

instr.)

*jjl arz (n. un,


2

cedar
J_>pjt

urgl, argl

a wind instrument

(re-

jjl aruzz rice


(ars) to tili
trris

lated to the clarinet, consisting of

two

^jl arasa

the land
aris peasant,

pipes of unequal length)

^jl
^jjz^j]

and

farmer

jjl

ariqa a to find no sleep II to


sleeplesa
(

make
from

s.o.),

aristuqrfi aristocratic ;

aristocrat

prevent

s.o.

()

sleeping
JsljJii-jl

aristuqrtiya aristocracy
jjl araq
lessness,

insomnia
couch, sofa;

_jL-jl arisf Aristotle

iSji

arika

pl.

dUljl

ar'ik 2

^jl arS indemnity, amercement,


alty; blood

fine,

pen-

throne
iLSj! argila
pl.

money

(for

the shedding of

blood;

Isl.

Law)

jXijl argtP

{syr.)

water

pipe, narghile ^-jji-jl ^yijl (Gr. Qxtenioxonog) archbishop

^oJjl irlandi Iriah


jjj_ijl
(Fr.

archiduc)

archduke,

j-LJjl
l

*j\

arama
jjl

to bite

archduchess

urram

molar teeth

*Ji\

j*-

^jl

ard
;

f.,

pl.

^Ijl ardin,

j~ji
;

aradn

(harraqa) to gnash one's teeth (in anger)


i*jjl

earth land, country, region, area terrain,

ground,

soil
|

^J\
l

(j-*jV

(sufl)

the

arma, urma root, origin; stump

nether world; L-JJUi


the

^jV'
of
;

(muqaddasa)

of a tree
lj.t

Holy Land, Palestine


I

mVram

root (of a tooth)


pl.

^ij
soil-,

ardi

terrestrial,

the

earth

iljT

rm (=

*Tjl

land- (in Compounds)

situated on

of fj

ri'm)

white

antelopes

or near the ground,


Iy;

ground

{adj.); earth-

Underground, aubterranean
ardi Saukl artichoke
(coli.;

,>jV al-arman
J*j!
Li-.jl

the

Armenians
(adj.

j ^jl

armani Armenian

and

n.)

^jl

arad

n.

un.

V)

termite;

armeniy Armenia

woodworm
l~Jj\
(also,

ardlya
of a

pl.

-t

floor;

ground
of a

ijjUjVI al-amivut the Albanians

e.g.,

printed

fabric,

^jljjl arnwuti Albanian

^jl arnab f., ja^ ^jjl


3jjl

pl. .-Jljl

arnib 2 hare; rabbit

jljl
|

izr

m. and

f., pl.

jjl uzur loin-

(hiTtdi)

guinea pig
|

cloth; wrap, shawl; wrapper, covering,

cover

arnaba female hare, doe

<Jj\

tju^l o. al-anf tip of the nose; nose,

jj mi'zar

pl.

jju ma'zir 2 apron;

muzzle
liLJjl

(of

an animal)
pl. iLiljl

wrapper, covering, cover


arnik 2
jjlj*

(Turk. rnek) antik

mu'zara

support, aid,

assiat-

pattern, model; form, blank


bjjl

ance, backing

jjU
urztbb

t'zur

mutual assistance
vzf) to come, ap-

Europe
Jjl azifa

(azaj, Jjjl

jjjl
\ijl ar V
1

urubbi European

(adj.

and

n.)

proach, draw near (a time)


jjl azaqa
i

honey

(azq) to be
pl.

narrow V do.

jjT ort Aryan


ij

jju ma'ziq

jj U ma'ziq 2 narrow
strait, bottle-

jT riya Aryanism

passageway, narrow pass,


neck; predicament,
fix,

dilemma,
(harij)

critical

Ujl onA Jericho


jl

Situation, also ~j~


aziz) to

jju

azza u

(Jrjl

simmer; to hum,
fizzle;

Jjl

azal

pl.

JljT

zl

eternity

(without

buzz; to whiz, hiaa; to


j-ji

to wheeze

beginning), sempiternity
Jjl azall eternal, sempiternal
iJjl

aziz

hum(ming), buzz(ing); whiz-

zing, whizz, whistle (e.g., of bulleta)

azaliya sempiternity, eternity


or

^jl

azaba
i-t1jt.

(azb)

to flow, run (water)


pl.

(jl

to be

become

critical,

come

to a

mi'zb
pl.

ijju ma'ztb 2

and

head (Situation, relations)


i*jl

t_j|>

mizb

i_-ijL

mayztb* drain;

azma

pl.

azamt emergency;
cabinet
t.

crisis
|

gutter, eaves trough

Ijjljj jl

(urizriya)

crisis

'^Jl izb dumpy, pudgy, stocky; small


liLjVl al-uzbak the
jjl azara
(azr) to
{

man

fjtvta'azzum: U-I (j

al-hla critical

development, aggravation of the Situation

Uzbeks
(jju

ma'zm victim

of a crisis

Surround

(* s.th.) II

to j^j\

clothe

s.o.

with an
(

jljl

izr

q.v.);

izmir2 Izmir

(formerly

Smyrna,

sea-

to cover,

wrap up
{

a.o.,

* s.th.); to

port in

W
pl.

Turkey)
Jjpiljl

strengthen, brace

s.o.,

* s.th.) III to

help

s.o.);

to

support,

back

J^jl izmil

azmtl 2 chisel

up,

strengthen

( s.o.)

an
izr

izr

{see

below),

V and VIII to put on wrap o.s. in an


rally,

Ojjl (Engl.)

azt azote, nitrogen

Jjji azti nitrogenous


^jl III to be opposite s.th.
(*),

VI to help each other; to

unite, join forces


jjl azr strength

face

(* s.o.,

jj' -^ &adda

azrah

a s.th.)
Ijl

or

jjl ,j-

xi (min azriht) to help, support,


s.o.,

iz'a (prcp.) opposite, face to face

encourage

back

s.o.

up; Sadda az*

with, facing; in front of; in the face of


(e.g.,
Ijli

ruA to be energetic, vigorous, lusty,


courageoua

of a Situation); as

compared with;
with,

bi-iz'i opposite, face to face

*_l
'<& '
-IjlJ isbidj and ^-L-*l isbidj white lead,
ceruae

facing;

in

front

of;

Ijl

J*

in the face of (e.g., of a Situation)

1
l

r.T s myrtle
pl.
-t

jtj*\
:

(It.

spiro) isbirto alcohol

"^T
^1

ace (playing card)

LJ

-l
t

isbalifa epaulet
J

II to found, establish, set

up

(* e.th.)

C--I see

c
(eJ.)

lay the foundation (* for)

V to be founded,

JLjli-! fliH static

be establiflhed, be set up

jL-l (Fr. Stade) istd Stadium


iliJ urti pl. iJLl cutida master; teacher;

^1

im

foundation, basia; exponent


professor (academic title);

of a power (math.)

^U
(also, of

form of ad-

aas pl.

tr -

usus

foundation

dress to intellectuals (lawyers, journalists, officials,

a building), fundament, groundbasis;

writers

and poets); ledger

work,
(rnua.)

ground,
|

keynote,

tonic
{com.)
|

^U >
of, of,

Jip^l il=^/l (a'zam)

Grand Maatitle

(with foU.

genit.)
of,
,_^l I

on
ter (of

a lodge);

the basia

on the Btrength
,>.
*J

on

jfW iMl
and

of

the Rector of AI Azhar Univeraity;

Sls-1

account

according to;

m^I

(asaa, sihha) completely

unfound-

^.

(hirst; Eg.)

^^

ilsJ (Syr.)
(Syr.) asso-

fll profesBor;

ed (newB, rumor) ^L-l assi fundamental, basic;


ele|

^^ ^ ilsJ
fyiu
j^- ili^l

ciate professor;
ff.)

(mutafarrig ;
(holding
;

part-time

professor

an

mentary
Li
atone

eseential ; principal, chief,

main

office

outside the univeraity)

0*1* ili*l

j?

(hajar) cornerstone, foundation

(muaawf) assistant professor {Eg.;8yr,);


J\j
ili-l

(ff.;

Syr.) visiting
(j'aiai)

professor;

oL L-l
oiples

tusiyt

fundamentals, prin-

JiU j

;;L-l

they aremasterB of

disputation
*jjli-l

ustdiya mastership; professor-

foundation, estabu^Jj ta'sia founding,


lishment, setting up, Institution; grounding,

ship, profeasorate

laying of the substructure (arch.);

JjJlsJ

wtan&J"

Istanbul,

Constantinople

pl. -t facilitiea, Utilities; institutions

J^jU^I istanbll of Istanbul


iUJSl al-sitna,
ili^l/l

~> *\s lS r

ta'stH
|

founding; foundational,
iS

al-astna, aliatna

fundamental

^Jj ^-Lf

(majlia)

con-

Constantinople, Istanbul

Btituent assembly
r~*y>

mu'assis founder

jj^l
-t

istabraq brocade

L~-ja

muassasa

pl.

foundation,

jjlJUl wfrdiiji Strategie

establishment; firm (com.); institution;


Organization

J tjLl

ttsJurJ

Australian

Ulj-1

u^uriiy Auatralia

l ^'

al-asbn, al-iabn the Spaniards

jl~*1 isbni Spanish; (pl. -n)

Spaniard

JJj^l

wtor/ini aterling

JJ^I

=>-

pound

aterling;
i^L-l

JJj^l

^-* mintaqat

al-i. Ster-

isbnak spinach
isbniy Spain

ling area

iJl-I

;,LiJ see

j*\

<j>^1

(It.

stoppa) tow,

oakum; ootton waate


.\

j_j-U ma'ar captivated, faacinated, enthralled


(

jjaji-l (It. -Engl, (udio) i8tdiyp\.\jkAf

by)

istdiySht studio; atelier

_r-l

aairra see

^
|

)jfL*\ istokholm Stockholm


l-Jji-l

~*jj~\*

look up alphabetically

(Engl.) istniy Estonia

Jsfl^-I

isr'W

Israel

JJl^l j* ban
i.

i.

the Israelites; J-Jl^l U_,j daulat


C-jJLL-I i&tiytit steatite,

the

soapatone (min.)

State of Israel

^J
j
I

look

up

alphabetically

JJij-

isr'ili

Israelitish ;

Israelite

to display the courage of a lion (J* against)

Israe (adj. and n.); Jjlj-I


isrl*
Israfil,

oUJI^I
angel

Judaica

the

who

will

J aaad
I

pl.

J usud, usd, j^J usd,


I

sound the trumpet on the


urrection

Day

of Res-

jLT sd

lion;

Leo

(astron.)

o-VI

Ij

leontiasis (med.)
l

Vj-' u&rvb lead (metal)


to bind, fetter, shackle,

s*\ twara

(twr)

JjJlLJ isfanbiU 2 Istanbul, Constantinople


JJa-l isfabl pl. -( stable, barn
*Jfc-l

chain
(

( s.o.);

to capture, take prisoner


fascinate,

s.o.);

to

captivate,

hold

spellbound
attention)
as prisoner j-l ture; aar

(. s.o.),

absorb, arrest (* the

(It.

sloppa) uafubba tow,

oakum

to surrender, give o.s.

up

vXA*'
(leather)
|

a*turlb astrolabe

strap,

thong;

capal-a.

ril*-l

istaqi pl. -/

element
-(

captivity

^\

;xt tiddat

vigor, energy
j~.\

UljLJ

uafuwna

pl.

column

(arch.)

cylinder {ma(A.; of an engine); phono-

uara

pl.

^-1 usar, -t family; dy-

nasty; clan, kinsfolk, relatives;


see

asirra

graph record; pl. ,>LUI as/m 2 highranking, prominent personalities ; stars,


celebrities,

j^
^^-L ljU
all

authorities,

mastere

(e.g.,

of

j-.L bi-asrthi entirely, completely, al-

art: ji)\ ,>I.LI a. al-fann)

together,

of them came,

jl^LJ usfuwni

cylindric(al)

they came one and

all

ZjJ*~\ us\ra. pl. jJ*Ul as/ir" legend, fable,

jUI
tivity;

iar

(leather) strap, thong;

cap|

tale,

myth, saga
fabulous, mythical, leg-

captivation,

enthrallment
fall

jj
t$jjl*-l usfri

jW J

to be subjected to B.th.,

into

the clutches of s.th.


j^-l

endary
usar' 2

a&ir

pl.

*\jJi

^^-1 asr,

JjkJ

ustl pl.

J-UU

aafi/ 2 fleet;

squadron
ol^L-l

tjjUI asr prisoner, captive, prisoner of

war

J-l

iw/

(colloq. for

SbJ)

pl.

ustawt master; foreman, overseer; also


jj-l aaxTQ. pl. -t

female prisoner, Blave

form of address to those in lower


e.g.,

callings,

girl

to a cab driver, coachman, etc.

jS\

air

winning, captivating, fasci-

J&J

aaifa a (asaf) to regret


(

(J* or J

s.th.),

nating; captor

feel sorry

J*

for),

be sad ( J* about)

V do.

I.Lu-l
it's

,_iJ aaaf grief, aorrow, chagrin, regret | pity! lj w asah/ oh, what a

IjJiS^-I w/to(iand

Scotland

jt-l-CJ iakotianii Scottish, Scotch

too bad! Jt~-#

Ijj

-</ lal-asaji

(or

only ^i-^J) unfortunately;


,_iJ ji
aaij

wfeila pl. J*LI aslc' seaport,

commer-

and

M-iuJK Mo/in

do.

cial center (in

the East)

,jj

and

^i_-l <wi/ regretful, sorry,

ilX iekamla stool, footstool


i

sad, grieved, distreased

jjxSL,! iakavdarna' Iskendcron (formerly


Alexandretta, seaport in S Turkey)
|

JaJ& tatusuf regret

JaJ sij regretful, sorry, aad uS'J JtJ ji (joira dai/in) I left him without
regret," I

jxi^.'JI al-iskandarlya Alexandria (oity in

was only too glad to leave him

Egypt)

_L
(eap.

J>j-L

maaf

'alaihi

mourned
la-

LibxSL,! iskandinjly/i Scandinavia

of a dead person,

the late

JJ

II to

sharpen, point, taper ( s.th.)


aaai
(coli.)

mented)

JJ
mu'aij
distressing, sad, regret1L.I

rush

(iof.)

J^,y
table

oraJa pl. -i thorn, spike, prong;


e.g.,

point (also,

of a pen

nib); tip of

JiJi. mute' mm/ sad, sorry, regretful;


\JaJc* aorry!
iljljU w/iwfc and flLl ts/iwfc spinach I (AtriiULu.1 (rimi) garden oraoh

the tongue

-W jj^'
letters j, ^-

oJ-ur/ al-asallya

the

and ^>
|

jjj

J_J
cheek

asil

smooth

J--I

Jbs-

{kadd)

Bmooth

plex hortensis,
,_
I

6o(.)

-I

os/aU asphalt

*JLI cula eliptic, oval

form

-jjUI u/an;', ij/unj

sponge

Lj. mu* omo2 pointed, tapered

jjiiJ

w/anj'i

spongy; porous
(4ol.)

JjjVj

(variant of Jjjl^l)

islmbli

of

jlxj-l isfindn maple


r-lj-i-l vs/id)

Istanbul
jJ

white lead, ceruse

->U islanda Iceland


see
1

j^\

/in

pl.

JU

m/in wedge
J-ji/t
1

^-1

f
(capital of Eritrea)

>j!>-l JorMJi:
acurvy (med.)

o-V

mara4) (

jyeXf

aamnjanf aky-blue, azure, cerulean

jA asmara Aamara
cj.x*I

*_LI cmj/ j .JiiJ uequj pl. 1BLI asgifa,

asmant, ismant cement


(ad]'.)

bishop
li-l

iL^I j-Jj archbiahop

J^rl asmanti cement


/-.I

usqufi episcopal

Lii.1 usqu/iya episcopate, bishoprio


,

asana

u and ostna a to become brackish

(water)

j^

'.

.1

yjiqumn, qumri mackerei

(zaol.)

j?\ sin brackish

sea onion J-iJ isq an Oriental variety of


(Scilla)

(jj and

jj-l)

LI

tt

(am, LI osan) to
;

nurse, treat ( a

wound)

to

make peace
l^1

^j-\

(Engl.) isketi sketch

(jo between, among);

^1 <My

18

LI Man) to be Bad, grieved, distress)


II
(

/l a&ra u (a*)
file,

to

saw

( s.th.);

to console, comfort

to

( b.o.);

to nurse

a patient)
.

III to ahare (one's

wordly

sharpen with a file (* s.th.) mark, indicate, State, enter,


s.th.); to

II to

poesessions,
(

with

s.o.),

be charitable

to

record ( grant a Visa; to provide with


s.th.)

b.o.);

to aasist, Support (s.o.); to


(. s.o.);

a visa (J

console, comfort
(

to treat, eure
^il aiar liveliness, high
spirits,

a.th.,

medically)

to be consoled,

eru-

find

Bolace

VI

berance;
to

share

the

wildness;

worldly

insolence,

imperti-

poaseBsiona; to assist one another, give

nence
ji\

mutual aasistance
tff-f

ar Uvely, sprightly,

in high spirits,

asan

grief,

sorrow, diBtreBs

exuberant; wd; insolent, impertinent, arrogant


jlii. mi'lr pl. j^l^.

">y\

uswa, iswa example, model, pat>_/

IjJ utwatan bi following the model or pattern of, along the linea of;
tern
|

mawHr1 saw
of

j~t
ij^
/.

la'ltr

issuance
offioial

an

offioial

in the

same manner
pl.

as, just as, like

endoreement;

endorsement; visa
visa

UL ma'sh
drama

^X,

ffla'nn tragedy,

ta'iira pl.

-?

murr or jU-l

Jj^iL' transit visa

V-t lasiya

consolation, comfort
(for

^i> mu'aUir

indicator, needle

(of

Uj. mvwah

measuring Instrument)
mu'ath) oonsolajlj- mu'alSar jagged, serrated; marked, designated
(

tion; charity, beneficence

j\_y\

wr, uawr

by, with)

pl.

j_,U tuwir', SjjU


Jil Ufa
pl.

atwira bracelet, hangle

J>UI oAJ/Sn awl, punoh


kali;

o\jJ aswn' Aswan


rj-' asj

(oity in

8 Egypt)

jllil

Ain potash; saltwort (Salsola

bot.)

Sweden
41^1

vjna moss

u-j-l atji
^j-l

Swedish
jj> aAr Assyria

see j-l
ltj^l\

<Sjj oUri Assyrian


L-T fciy Asia
|

(adj.

and

n.)

L.T (fugri) Asia

Minor

^s-!
siyain Asiatio, Asian (adj. and

afit pl. u"~l u#u flowerpot

tOT
n.)

J-l II to close, j-l

shut (a door,

eto.)

J.j y) 1 Asyt
I

(oity in oentral

Egypt)

V-

'I

to be mixed, heterogeneoua, motley

jLT 4>r covenant, compact, oontract load, eneumbrance, brden ; sin pl. jLT bonds, ties
ifr
pl.
;

(a

orowd)
ilil

~>j~J fira pl. _^ljl awSeir* bond, tie


(fig.,

e.g.,

uMba

.V^ll

^Ijl

o.

pl.

^JLSl

oArjJi

mired,

motley orowd

of friendship); Obligation,

oZ-uwW bonds commitment

sUil iSWiya'
jwil iibin

Jrkl *>W
Seville (oity in

pl. -dl stable,

SW

barn

Spain)

jl+i^l iffahn' Isfahan (oity in


pl. ^,,lil see

oentral

Jj

Iran)

J"
X,\ afula u

plU

attOa) to be or

become

sod; sound, pure; proper, actual; firm,


strong, unswervreasonable, sensible; of steadfast; deep-rooted; ing character-, native,

be firmly established; firmly rooted; to origin II to found ( s.th.), to be of noble foundation, establish give s.th. () a firm be or origin of () V to
the foundation
rooted, deep-rooted, or become rmly be or become ingrained; to take root, derive one's origin firmly established; to root out, extirfrom) X to uproot,
(j.

indigenous
reason;

J^VI >MI
J*-l
of

the

actual

J
JU-T

sound,
(

unerring judgment

j^l

apl

pl.

jii,

1 JJU-I o**"

aftemoon time before sunset, late

aul

ojrto

firmness,

steadfastness,

annihilate ( s.th.); pate, extenninate, organ by surgioal an (. remove to (**> * Operation) | s.th. radically eradicate s.th., eliminate

~U

>U

of descent, Btrength of character; nobUity immediately, purity of origin; aflatan


directly, personally
|

3UI

o.

-"'

judgment; juolarity and firmness of

cause, reason; a tree); origin, souroe; (esp., one of a stock lineage, descent, fundament, noble character); foundation, of a book); basis; the original (e.g.,
pl.

JJ

oji pl.

Jj^l root: trunk

( f

ntMe0USly dciousness - 0* ^ >V^ B po


;

'

of one's

own

accord, in one's
privately
(as

own name,
to

personaUy,

opposed

,ji j. Uli-); ".Uj

*lU

o?to ton *"*-

niybatan directly and indirectly

J^l

prinoiples, fundamentals,
(e.g.,

;l_Jj

to'f>ito

pedigree, genealogy

rudimente, element
rules;

of a science);

basio

niles,

prinoiples,
;

axioms;
{fin.)
;

J^t
tion,

ta'afful deep-rootedness
wtf'jl extirpation,

property asset real estate, landed

JUsJ
eurgery
,

extermina-

}Ul

aflan

originally,

primarily;
at aU, not

(redical)

emination; removal by

(with neg.) in the least


Uli J_^l

by no means, not
|

>MI j

originally, at first;

J^tu

mutoV

deep-rooted,

deep-

u. al-fiqh

the 4 foundations
i.e.,

seated; chronic

(illness)

of Islamio

jurispnidence,

Koran,

eensus); fJ^-j
ties;

and ijn' (conSunna, qiy (analogy) ta wld UabUl

iil

ojif

camel the moaning bray of a


i
t.

Silu.

>V " tV

i>l aforo

(fr)

and

II

to bend, ourve

<<*'*>

double-

( s.th.)

(*) entry bookkeeping; J^ll with regulations properly, in conformity


J^.1
initial;

frame (also, jltl tfr pl. -t, >l fr wheel); hoop of eyeglasses); tire (of a
(of a barrel, etc.)
jjU.1 ifora

o?

original,

primary,

primal,

basic, genuine, authentic, pure;


ohief,

rim, feUy (of a wheel)

fundamental, principal,

main j\
|

<^.1\ (tomon) cost price;


(jihi)

iJ-Vl ol^
2

hoop-shaped jjU.1 fori framelike,


*j\ see jjl

the comthe cardmal points (of


Cardinal

pass); J-.I 3J C**)

number;

of pigeon li>l ufrujuMo a variety


OjjUI ofrn

L.1

j^p

('utfw) regulr

member
the
prin-

= jjl"
the al-aflantik, oJ-ofianfi

Jj^l upH
rules,

in

accordance with
to
prevailing

oonforming

.jJLii^l,

jiWI

legist oiples; traditional, ttsual;

Atlantic
JUi^l.1 afl-in^i
'

j_,l

afil

pl.

.*-!

*""' of P ure

and

J^U

<&"># At "

authentic, genuine noble origin; original,

lantic

JW
uXI afW
satin; (pl.

20

^ly

volume of geographical maps


u-Ul affcw Atlantio

^^

atlas>

ji-il

i/*mn,

i/Wen

wormwood,
bot.)

ab-

sinthe (Artemisia absinthium;

&i\
(Art/)

JtU.1 <#tp Atlantio


the Atlantic Pact
ljLI

ifiin pl. Oi-Lil o/fin litany (Chr.)

JtiUVI JJ-I

UiVI ai-a/jn the Afghans; Afghanistan


U_iUil afgntn Afghanistan

oji sea turtle

O0, liT

JUil o/yni Afghan (adj. and

a^
sir;

n.)

pl.

ol>l ^a, aga

lordj

master,

eunuch, harem chamberlain


aZ-ojrijo the Greeks
(adj.

Jil

/<?,

*/?

pl.

jliT /y horizon;

rnge
di stant

of Vision,
lands,

field

of Vision;

.i>VI

oH0m, ,Uy|

pl.

faraway countries, remote regionsinterior

ii>' V^Cj Greek, Grecian


o-]-l a#iMfu*

provinces,

and

n.)

of the

country
|

(as'

distinguished

from the

capital)

August (month)

jliT

t^jV

. al-ard

the remotest parts of the

l V

to grumble, mutter in complaint (a.

earth; J5 y| JliT . oZ-6.Ji the outlying


portions of the country;
jlfifl

about)
ijl uff dirt (in the ears or
nails),

$M oi-a.
under the
earwax, cerumen

jlit feg",

foreigners, travelers

Jil ufqi horizontal

uff interj. expressing anger or displeasure

JliT fql

coming

from

distant

country or region
jlil affq wandering, roving, roaming; tramp, vagabond

wl a/a/displeasure; gnimbling, grumble

cJut ta'otfu/ displeasure;

iii\

grumbling,

afaka

i (afk)

and afita a
lie,

(i/i, /*,

o/oi,

grumble

4yl /*) to
Franks, the Europeans
|

teU a

lie

i >VI

aJ-./ran, the
j^A;

iM
lie,

ifk

and SCjl

o/ifc, pl .

^.

^.^

jVI

Europe European

untruth, falsehood
liar,

u^yl

ifranji

4UI ogit
Jil o/ai.

lying
.

u^jil i/ran* French; J_J^VI the French language; Uj_J>VI the

,'

(Jyl u/i) to g0 downj se( (stare)


setting (of stars)

French

J,il
Jl

>>l

t'/rfe

pl. j,jUI
|

/r! frieze; edge; curb,-.

/ transitory, passing

sidewalk

Ul yj\

rf^^,
I

p]at .

form (of a railroad Station) ; molding (arcA.)

OjWil
jil

.LU y J\

afifn' Plato

o/an stupidity
u;>l

li>l afriq

f.

and Li>l i/ri^s, now usually


afriqiy
f.

a/tn

and

u_,>L

ma'/fln

stupid,

pronounced

Africa

Li^il

foolish, fatuous; fool


iS-l a/artdi pl. -iyo

JUII (Samllya) North Africa


Jijil
ifrigi,

gentleman (when

refer-

now

usually pronounced

o/tljt African; (pl. -n, JjUI a/ri,a)

an

ring to non-Europeans wearing Western clothes and the tarboosh);


(after

the

African

j_ firm,

bravo! well done!

name) a title of respect (<#.); dim! Sir! (eg.) afcmdim/


pardonf What did you say?

p.jjI

afan.

(I

beg your)

&
jfjl
(It.

nvvoatio)
|

wJ advocate, lawyer,
representative of

attorney
the

j^ tfjM
general

of, Ol that); to give jTI II to asBure (. J s.o. s.o. of); to confirm to J ( assurance

attorney

(=

Fr.

avocat

s.th.,

a view)

V to be or become.
o.s. (,>.

convinced, convince
reassure
o.a.,

of

s.th.); to

glnral)

Ojj\ ajyn

opium

OjSi\

CJJ

'** aUa

sure (y. of B.th.); to urgent, imperative, be to of); sure (o. be

make

laudanum
l

requiaite
in

- oka, a weight, uqqa 1-282 kg 1.248 kg, in Syr. =


pl.

Eg.

f\l

ta'kid pl.

tion; emphasis;

- asBurance; confirma-iTl, moet certainlyl

of course

jl>l u^mcn

pl-

jj-fc

reassurance ta'akkud assurance,


(reaolve); certain, sure; firm

S* 5

"^^
aTI oKa

y^J
'

medicament | aqrnbdin composite 'j-&p\ 'Um a-l-1- pharmaceutics, phar-

definite

(desire);

urgent,

imperative

(need); \if\
jfj.

akidm

certainly! surely!

macology
pharmaceutic(al) Jjiljyl aqrabdini
cheeae Jjl aqit cottage
jil iqlii look

mu'aitad

certain, definite, sure;

confirmed

jft, muta'akkid convinced (j.


i/l

of)

up alphabetically

akam

(oir) to plow, tili,

cultivate (>

adapt, acclimate, acclimatize, l agfama to (o.s.) acclimatize to adjust II to'aiamo


Jjl

the land)
jS-l

olMr
pl-

pl. -,

!/l o* plowman

ijBm

pl. JUI

04S" a

climate; area,

administrative region; province, district;


district (?.;

';/!

im

/'

ukar baU ( f0r playlg)

i;>); fJ^
distinguished

COUntry -

(med.) LcjTI eizem eczema

provinces
city)
Lil

(as

from

the

ri Uil o"oJ
regional, looal;
(miyfiA)
terri-

ii

X-rays

iqllmi cUmatic;
|

lj^_Tl extra

territorial

3-JW

.Ul

torial waters

r
*

fl oksiien oxygen
II to'ojv

oJil

igBd

pl.

-^ a i lid
pl.

ke y

cause to rust juTI otsada to oxidize,


"

become rusty sada to oxidize, rust,


i_.ri

i_l'.l

ijdis 2 Euclid

uia

pl.

a*** p oxide

pj

JI

US nm

pil

4*'

hypostasis,
I

the Trinity (.Chr.); divine person within


constitutive element

.,.;

^1 Oxford
oksiien oxygen

^~S
_^_TI
I

(Chr.) Z\ (Gr. eixmv) iqna icon

Jcsir elixir

Oceania V'jiLl uqynsiya


jjS"!
;_r jtf

^iT akuff
I

see

^iT
to eat (. s.th.)

oiMiB Akkadian
JTI
I

aMa u (da, $1 'na'kal)


to
eat up,

akdlmlya academy

consume, awallow, devour,


B.th.); to

destroy (
_.

eat,

gnaw

<

at),

yS

oWMr October

'

eat

away, corrode, erode


(,
s.th.),
|

s.th.);

to

spend unlawfully

enrioh
_^jj|

o.a., JS"I

feather one's nest (* with)

ma'i/ eatable, edible ; pl. food, foodstuffs, eatables, edibles


J l> m-u'kil table

JjTb

o V .TL

(dahru, lariba.) to be old and wora out, be timeworn; LJI JTl (r*) to take

V^J

companion

usunous
ya'famu

intereat;

:
,

.-C

JHi. to-oM and JTU. mato -a a


corroded; eroded; worn, timewora; of cracks; rusty, rust-eaten
fll

ll

Jfj;

min

oitm

tu'kalu

l.'kati/

he

knows how to
.JU.

tackle the matter properly;

Kl OiMuAfi) his skin itched;


(foAn) to

WJJ&

j"
II

t'irj clergy (Chr.)

JS"|
JS"I

eat off a plate; i.

*r-js&\ iUirsiya clericalism

(Jajjais) to encroach lipon

s.o.'. rights

and IV
.

Sj&\
l

ikliriln cleric(al)

to give s.o.

(.) s.th. ()

to eat,
(.

feed (
s.o.)

s.o. s.th.) III to eat,

dine

with

fo'l

iklinil clinical

consumed; to corrode, undergo corrosion; to become old, mm, timewora,


be

to be devoured, be

5fl

eaten away,

ffr

oia, L km
I

.*,
(coli.

ffr

ikSmi
oltom)

j-,

p
l.

uium>
^j..

h,,

heap, pile

of cracks; to be destroyed rosion VI V


fll

U.1^

tfVI
is

,,_,_,

(,,
it

by

cor-

something's fishyl there

more to

than meets the eye


Jl

meal, repast; fodder JfVI i> gurfat al-a. dining room; (es-) ^~JI JTl a. al-bahr land washed away by the sea or the Nile (as opposed
feed
|

J>l

all

food;

iU pact, oovenant;

blood relationship,

oonsanguinity
'VI a-l
!

to

^Jl
JSl

"~

and

a-m See

c>

VI aj see 'yi

uhd, uld food;

fruit

*jtTl

JT

to

bear fruit
*"!

"Vlaii(=VulanZ)l e,t,that...not,in
order that
.

aHa

*
I

. .

pl.

aioW( meal, repast;

VI ill

not, so as not to

bite,

morael
ulcl

(- V
Ol

Ol inl) unless,if not; except,

save;

(after
|

OJIfl
(med.)

negation:)

only,

prurigo,

but,

not
...,

itch

eruption

until

VI

anna except that


(also

X
cious,

>US,

JJ-I alil,

Af

aifii vora-

however, nevertheless ducing main clauses); Ijl


yet,
unless, if not; except

intro-'

VI

illd

id

gluttonous; hearty

eater,

gour-

when; Vlj wa-W

mand, glutton
JST. ma'kal
eats
pl.

(and
ill

if

not

=)

otherwise, orelse; y.j VI

JTC ma'iiP

wa-huwa (with a preceding negation)


...,

food,

unless he
Ol VI

except that he
ill

wa-m hiya
perf.) it

...; j. L, an (with following

Jf t to-aiM wear;
teeo/.)

corrosion; erosion

verb in

was not long

until ...;

presently, forthwith;

J~
...

... Ol

VI

>L

JS"C" to'fcui
(eoi.)

wear; corrosion; erosion

''m hiya ill an had he ... than ...,


J"*

hatl

no sooner
Ol VI

e.g.,

J~ (hamma)

Li

he had no sooner
it

JSo'l

made

i'ifcj(

erosion

(jeoi.)

his plan than

he carried

out

JS'Tiii eater
iB* TKfa gangrenous sore

K-Vl alaski Alaska


uVI aly and

uVTy pl. .

regiment

23

oilt

t_Jl

alaba u

(alb) to gather, join

forcea,

compile, compose, write

(a

a book)

V to

(J* * s.o. against) V to rally, band together, plot, conspire (J*


rally II to incite

be composed, be made up, conaist (j* of); to be united, be combined VI to be


attuned to each other, be in tune, be
in

against)
2

harmony

to

harmonize

,_JVl Jl^r jibl al-alb the

(**

Alps
to be

with)

VIII to be united, be Hnked, be connected

uU^l

al-albn the Albaniana

on familir, intimate terma (u

UUI
1

albniy Albania
il kirihl

with); to form
suit

a
go

coalition (pol.); to
well, agree,

fit,

s.th.),

harmonize

abbreviation of ^-T Jl
bo on, etc.

and

(*. with); to

be well-ordered, neat, tidy

X
Jji

to aeek the intimacy, court the friend(

jJl
f.

alladl,

f.

allati, pl.
ij\j\i\

m.

^JJl alladina
all'i

ahip

of
ilf

s.o.)

J^Jl allti,

allawti, J^Jl

Jei\

pl.

^l

ullf intimate;

close

(relative

pronoun} he who, that which;


|

friend, intimate, confidant; lover


JI ulfa familiarity, intimacy;

who, which, that


l-lutayy
wa-llati

Jllj

LdJ!

j*j

ba'da
dia-

after

lengthy

friend-

cussions, after

much ado
alzs 2 Alsace (region

ship,

love,

affection ;

union,

concord,

harmony, congeniality
^r-ljJl

(Fr. Alsace)

of
.JiJI

NE

France)

alif familir,

intimate; tarne, do-

meaticated (animal); friendly, amicable,


^Jl II to belittle, disparage
(

J*

s.o.)

genial; (pl. .Ju^l al'if 2 ) intimate, close


friend, asaociate,

companion
intimate
;

Jei\

alj pl. J)_^i ulf,


[

Jj^T
^Jl

lf thousand;

millennium
"Jj-

LJj^

(mu'allafa)

or

_jJI

alj

familir,
;

tarne,

thouaanda

and thousands

domesticated (animal) attached, devoted,


faithful
i_JU ma'laf object of familiarity

jJ

^1 olj-ip 'aSart al-u. tens of thou-

sands; J>_^VI
of thousands

oll. mi't al-u. hundreds

.Jtj
JJl

ta'lif

formation

(e.g.,

of a govern-

alfi;

JJI

.u.

Cid) millennial

cele-

ment); union, junction, combination {^>


of separate things); literary work; com-

bration, millenary
2

i_iJI

alif

name
4iJI

of the letter
to end,

4jL

J[

-Jjl

j*

positum, compilation, writing (of a book,


of an article); (pl. .JJL" ta'llf 2
,

from beginning
eLj
tjjju

from

to Z;
it

*JaJ\y)

(wa-yaah) he knows

work, book, publication


i_J

from
3

to Z; L

Jl ABC

ta'luf

harmony;

familiarity,

._JI a/t"/a

{alj)

to be acquainted, familir,

intimacy, mutual affection; comradeship,

conversant

(a

with
(a

s.th.)

to

be

on

camaraderie

intimate terms

with

s.o.); to

he or get
(a to); to

^Wl
(pol.)

i'tilf

concord, harmony; agreecoalition, entente

accustomed, used, habituated


like (a s.th.),

ment ( with); union;

be fond of

(a); to

become
t>

tarne II to accustom, habituate (a

s.o.

to s.th.);

to tarne,
(a

domesticate
e.g.,

(*

an

(j"iWl

i'tilfl
|

coalition-

(in

Com-

animal); to form

a committee,
join,

pounds)
i

HJi^jl j'jj coalition cabinet

a government); to unite, put


together
(y.j

combine,
to

jJU

ma'lf

familir,

accustomed;

different

things);

usual, customary; custom, usage

u&\
<_j* mu'oU/ pl. -n author, writer;

24

Jl

Lilil

almniya German character or

mu'aaf composed, oonsisting, made up (j* of); written, comped; (pl. -t) book,
publication; see also
1 Jil\ alj

characteristios,

Germanity

II

to deify to

( s.o.),

make a god

of

s.o. ()

V JtRu
jll

bocome a

deity, a godhead; to deify

muta'lif harmonious

o.s.

alaqa

(dg)

to

shine,

radiate,

flash,

<!l,

VI

pl.

UT

liha

god, deity,

glitter, gliaten
jil

V and

VIII do.

godhead
*Vl ilaha
pl. -t

a&u? brightness, brilliance


brilliant, ra-

goddess

&i\ allq bright, shining,

^1,
logical;

^\

ildhi divine, of

God; theo-

diant; glittering, flaehing, sparkling


jilj ta*alluq

^L*VVI
concems

al-ilhiyt theological,
|

glow, radiance, effulgence


shining,
bril

spiritual

oLVVI

U- *ilm al-i.

theology jlti roufa'atftg bright,


liant,

radiant

dl ah Allah,

God

(as

the One and

JjJ&\

elektrni electronic

jjj&\ Ji* C?0

U-UM darruka exolamation of admiration and praise, see ja


Only)
|

iija

electronic

Computer
^1JI

aMhumma
were
it

God!

Vi

^1

(iU)

Ul alima a {alam) to be in pain, feel pain;


to suffer
(<_j

unless,

not that, except that, or a negative statement)

from

s.th.)
{

II

and IV to
s.o.),

at
ijl

best

(afber

cause pain or suffering


ache, hurt
Jl

to

pain,

( b.o.)

jUI (id) at leat if or

when;

if

only;

I;

to complain
pain,

m ^\
certainly
ij]l

(na'am)

by

God,

yes!

most

alam

pl.

*VT
j

lm

ache,

Buffering,

agony

JlJu fV' (nafsnly)

ulhiya divine power, divinity

mental agony; fV^I


Passion

^-1

61**

oZ-.

Week

{Chr.)

*jlj ta'Uh deification, apotheosis


*JT lih

Jl o/tm

aching, sore; aad, grievous,


;

(pagan) god
-t

painful, ezcruciating
Jlj

hurting

UT liha pl.

goddess

ta'aum Sensation of pain, pain,

^T lihi
jU.

divine

ache

muta'aih divine, heavenly


etc., see

iy mu'lim

aching, painful; sad, griev-

OjA^l
l

o>*V
fail

ous, distressing
Jli.

muta'aim

aching,

painful;

in

(J\)

al

u to

neglect or
desist,

to do, not to

pain, suffering, deeply afflicted ; tonnented


"*VI il-ma see Jl

do (j
s.th.)
|

s.th.),

refrain

(j from
will

lOf.

jJl V (jahdan) he

go

to

any length, he spares no

effort,
|

goes

^lii

alma

[al

sometimes interpreted as

out of his
l

definite article)

diamond

way for IV to swear J* jT 4J he promised himself that he ...


ila

O
li^l al-almn the
Jlil

oath

Germans
(pl.

almni German;

-an, lil al*

^T

(Fr. haUo) hello!

man) a German
Ulli almniy

Ljyll

oimjnyd and t^Ujl! alminyam

alu-

Germany

25

,1

JI il (prep.) to,
tili,

toward; up
Jl (conj.)

to, as far as;


j

pl

umm

pl.

0I+J ummaht mother;


(of a
pl.

until; l

until

tj^\ Jl

source, origin ; basis, foundation ; original,


original Version

(kiriki)

and bo
that

forth, et cetera; JJi Jl

book); the gist,

beaidea,

moreover, furthermore, in ad;

essence
(typ.)
j

of
jd-\
pl

s.th.;

oL^l

matrix

dition
LJUI

to
Jl

o*

Jl

tili

tomorrow

u. al-kibr cuttlefish, squid;

ilma good-by! fl\ up to where? how far? ^- Jl jJUI ('annt) when? how long? tili away with you get away from me
(liq')

j-J-i

pl pl
pl

u. al-hasan {magr.) u. al-kull river

nightingale
(zool.)\

( U

Jl)

Jj-I
jl.j.a

mussei

u.

durmn Omdurman
skull,

(city in
pl

central Sudan, oppoaite

Khartoum);
brain ;

<iJJi

>JU

Jl (jnibid.) beaidea,
l-U

moreover, moreover,

^0

ar-ra's

cerebral

in addition to that; Ol Jl

membrane, meningea;
ar6a
r

,>*jjIj

j'
f*

r'
pl

<

furthermore;
like;
<Jl

*ii

j*

Jl (gairid.)
like,

and the
cetera;

uw-ar&a'tn

centipede;

u.

L-j

and the

et

iamla(ta) this world, the worldly pleasures;


,>*!!

t>J (wa-man) and other people like that; iUi (addressing the reader)
(rt-ll) *r"

pb 6-u. -*on or *^* pb with


eyes; T^ill
pl

one's
firBt

own

and ^Ul
(^_^JI pl

pl

the

now
in

here you have


is

...;

here

ia (are) ...;

aura of the Koran;


pl

u. al-qur

following

(are)

...,

e.g.,

^jUJl Jlj

Mecca; ^L^Ji
of the
tion

also: the original text

the
. . .

following,
;

the reader will find


Jl j*
-r
1

Book from which Koranic

revela-

what

Ij^I

Jl

^'

(uslb

derivea;

the unconteated portionB

'ibrni)

a etyle of Hebrew approximating


illj

Vj i-i Jl V neither thia way nor that way, belonging to neither


Arabic;
Jl

of the Koran; ^J>\ A u. al-wafan capital, metropolia; iol^A-l oL^I the most im-

portant eventa ; Ctjjl- cl^l matrix (typ.)


1

group; iUI
deciaion
is

j-^/l

it's

up

to

you,

the

JjLJ.1

0I4J the main problems; oL^.1

yours
of Jl ilan)
benefita,
bless-

JJLJl the principal virtuea


il

V^/T

/*

(pl.

umma
|

pl.

p*l

umam
i-l

nation, people;

ings
*<Jl

generation

x+-

munity, the
alya,

Mohammed's ComMohammedans; I-wdl >"^fl

ya

pl.

alayt fat tau (of a aheep);

(muftoAta) the United Nations


ij\

buttock

umm maternal,
(pl.

motherly;illiterate

oLJl iliya Iliad


J

uneducated;

-n) an illiterate

pl

am
of

or? (introducing the aecond


alternative queation)
pl. LI

member

L*i also

ummiya
3
i

ignorance; illiteraoy; aee

an

under

jj*\

a i-l

ama

tm*, j\j*\

amawt bond-

^\ umami
a*j\

international

maid, slave
8 pl

girl

umma motherhood;
amma
J

motherli-

ness,

maternity
(prep.) in front of; in the
pl-lH
Jl

amma u (amm)
(>toa
place),

to go, betake

o.a.,

repair
pl.1

go to see

( s.o.);

(i*L1

imma) to lead the way, lead by one'a


example
( s.o.);

preaence of
front,
jl

(ammi) to the

to lead
to

( s.o.)

in prayer;

forward, onward,
*L.I

(*jJ
II

umma)

be

or become a

V'

(iW

an)

ahead; Jsj i he had no other

mother

to nationalize {* s.th.)

to

alternative but to

...; *L-I

^ij

(tuaqafa)

go, betake o.a., repair (* to a place),

go

to oppose, resist,
iji,\

8 top,

check

s.th.

to see

( a.o.)

VIII to follow the example

ammi

front, fore-, anterior, for|

(^ of

a.o.)

ward, foremost

*-*UI LJ (nu<#a)

outpost

26

lUt

imm

pl.

a'imma
master ;

imam,

aet o.a.
like

prayer leader ;
line

leader ;

plumb

up as lord and master; to behave an emir; to assume an imperious

attitude; to be imperious, domineering

l*Ll

imma imamah,

function or office

VI to take counsel, deliberate together,


confer, consult with each other; to plot,

of the prayer leader; imamate; leading


Position; precedence

conspire (Je against) VIII to deliberate,

take counsel
-j
1

(i_>
(l->

about); to conspire, plot,


against
ordera
s.o.)
|

tamim
see
\

pl. -dt

nationalization

hatch a plot
to carry out
j*\

^L

_^i*l

l_*t

a-m

a
foll.

s.o.'a

*LI

amm

amr

1.

pl.

jjjl

axumir2 order,
<l-

(with
is

Ji /a) as to, as for, as

command,
ordinance,

Instruction

to do s.th.);

far as...

concerned; but; yet, how-

decree;
|

power,

authority;
r

ever, on the other

hand

Om

LI (ba'du)

{gram.) imperative

JU

j>\

(a formular phrase linking introduction

lin) royal
r

decree
decree,

(formerly,
edict

Eg.);

and actual subject of a book or


approx.:)
topic:
a Ll
...

letter,

_^.\

al\y)

of

the

now

Bey

(formerly,

then,...,

now

to

our

Tun.);

tJjJli _^\

ordinance

having the

force of

law {Tun.); ^S\j ^Vl (wa-n,yl>Jlj j\fi\


i.e.)
(lit.
:

imm

if ; j\

Llj

or (also
jjll^>.l

LI LI)

be

it

or, either

nahy)

pl.

command
-L.

and interdiction,
fll

sovereign power;

power(s), supreme authority;


i\_^\

jy _^\
jjj
|

imbartr emperor
imbartri imperialxst(ic)

(delivery) order (com.);

^ j_jtl^-l
*iJj^'-^'

disposal, at

your

Service.

c^
2.

at your
pl.

umr matter,
imbartriya
empire,

afTair,

concern, business
j*\

im-

*Jlj

j*\

perium; imperialism
jw.1

(accomplished) fact; Jjj**


j*i\ Jjl

common knowledge;
in

at

first,

ambtr
imbiq

pl.

^oLI ambir* ampere (d.)


J-l

the beginning;
or

L ^-V (amrin)
tiH-Lf*

for

(5*!

some reason
isn't
it

other;

^-Vl

,^1
wa-l-

so? iUoT j-VIj LI

(amm

C_J om< crookedness, curvedness, curvation,

amru) things being as they


no doubt,
.

are, there will,

curvature; weakness
ul

..; j*\

j* ^j

\^t

(min amrin)
things

whatever

may happen; however


^j-l
,>j
,^J!

amad

pl.

jLT

md end,
0-w
.ul

terminus, of a

may

be;

jm he has two pos-

extremity; period, Stretch or span


time, time; distance
|

sibities (or alternatives);

^^1 which
,^-iJ

JL for

(introducing a relative clause the ante-

long time (past); -uVl j*- short-dated;


of
short
duration,
short-lived ;

cedent of which
tj*\

is

another clause);
it's all

short-

qudiya amruh

over with him;


is

term
j*\

in the latter

and similar phraaes, ^\

amara u (amr)
instruct ( s.o.
_j

to order, to

command,
with

bid,

frequent paraphrase of "he"


j*\
ij\

do

s.th.),
i_>

commission,
s.th. or to

immar aimple-minded, stupid


imra power, influence, authority,
|

charge, entrust

( s.o.

do

s.th.);

III

amara,

amura v
II

(jLt

imra) to become an emir

command
s.o.,

to invest
(

J^l c-pl.

under hia

command

with authority, make an emir

jLI

amra

-t,

JU

am'ir 2 sign,

J over)
consult

to ask s.o.'s

()

advice,

token, indication, Symptom, mark, characteristic

( s.o.)

to

come to power; to

j"
JjLI
tnwSra

position

or rank

of an

j-t ia'mur Joint conaultation, counsel,


deliberation, Conference; plot, conspiracy
jltjj'l

emir; princely bearing or manners; principality, emirate; authority,

power

!jL*l

i'timr deliberation, counsel, Con-

jJI

i.

al-bahr offioe or Jurisdiction of an


c>ljL*l (*.

ference; plot, conspiracy


IjLil-i

admiral, admiralty; jl> J-U


*,

'umdn) Truoial
jul omfr pl.

Oman
umariJ'
1

isti'mra

(frequently

written

IjUx-l) form, blank


1^.1

Commander;

prince, emir; title of princes of a ruling

jA mir Commander;
orderer,

lord,

master;
client
|

house; tribal chief

^111 j^\ (aly)

Comrank,

purchaser,

customer,

mander of a regiment
approx.:
colonel;

(formerly, Eg.;

^Ut

^1

absolute master, vested with

aa

naval
jJ\

unlimited authority

approx.: oaptain);

l^lfl

approx.:
.>!
l_^l

jjAa ma'mr commissioned, oharged;


commissioner;
civil officer, official, esp.,

major general (Tun,);


1939) approx.; admiral,
(Eg.

jUJI

(Eg.

jUJl

jJ?
j*\

one in executive capacity; the head of


a markaz and qxsm (Eg.)
|

1939) approx.: fleet admiral;

(j^JjJi

jjA* jjA*
jur.);

j*Ji\ a. al-bahr

admiral (when referring to


rank; Eg. 1939
j*J\
_^*l

commissioner
(tafliaa)

of

police ;
(in

xLcl

a non-Arab

officer of this

receiver

bankruptcy;
traffic

approx.: vice-admiral) ;
or Ji*Vl

./Till

i5^i-l

jjXt m. al-haraka

manager

jUJl

j-J fleet admiral

(when
of this
since

(railroad);

Li-adl j_yi m. at-ta^fiya re-

referring to a

non-Arab
a.

officer

ceiver

(in

equity, in bankruptcy; jur.)


pl. -t

rank);

IjJII

j*J

al-liw*

(Ir,,

<UjA* ma'mriya

order,

In-

1933) brigadier; <_JI .1^


'assa

j\

a.

<U-

struction; errand; task, assignment, mission; commission; commissioner's office,

commandant

of the Bey's palace


j^-*JJ-' j**' -

guard {formerly, Tun.);

a '-

administrative branch of a government

mu'mintn Commander of the Faithful,


Caliph
*j^\ amira pl. -t princese

agency,
judicial

e.g.,

SJLi

<ijj^

(qad'iya)
Juris-

commission charged with


in

diction
miri) gov]

outlying communities (Eg.)

^j^\ amiri (and

D ^j*

jjJi* muiamirn conspirators, plotters

ernmental), state-owned, State, public

iSj^

^jl

(<w)

government land

[Syr,);

<Jjjj*
ters;

mu'tamirn conspirators,

plot-

4jj^*Vl *-Lll
jL*l

government presa
constantly urging, always

members

of a congresa, Convention,

ammr
(lj

or Conference, conferaes

demanding
stigating
|

to do

a.th.); inciting, in-

jja mu'tamar
vention, congress

pl. -t
|

Conference; Con-

^Jb SjL^i

<rl\

(nafs,

au)

LJI

j&y

m.

a$-

the baser seif (of man) that inoites to evil

&ulh peace Conference


i}j*\

jj-t ta'mr

soul,
\

mind,

Bpirit;

peri-

II

taamraka to become Americanized,


life,

cardium

(anat.)

jj*\d\

t-^Lpl

pericar-

adopt the American way of


the Americans

imitate

ditis (med.) tj*\}*

mu'mara

pl.

-t

deliberation,

'JjJS

taamruk Americanization
(bot.)

counsel, Conference; plot, conspiracy

^J^l
j*\j

amarillis amaryllis

ta'ammur

imperiousnesB,

domi1^j^*l

neeringneBs;imperious deportment, overbearing manners

amrik (formerly, also Uj^J) America]


1

ojii-l ^ij*

(janvbiya)

South America

^
JJj-l amriki American;
(pl.

28

-n)

an

^y\

amuna u
liable,

(Ll amna) to be faithful, re-

American
Kjj-VI al-amrikn the Americans
JKj^.1 amrikni American;
(pl.

trustworthy;

amina a (amn, uUl


*from)

amn) to be

safe, feel Bafe (j* or

II to reassure ( s.o.), set s.o. 's ()

mind

-n)

at

rest;

to

asaure,

ensure, safeguard,

an American

guarantee, Warrant, bear out, oonfirm,

^1

amsu

(but acc.
;

Ll amsan) the day


the immediate past,

corroborate
(3tjl-\
s.o.,

past,

yesterday

recent time;

(J*,

s.th.);

to

insure
(

against

fire);

to entrust

to

amsi (adv.) yesterday;


long ago
|

J*s.th.); to say
(*_>

"amen" (J*to
(

s.th.)

recently, lately, not

^VIj
(>r

IV to believe

in) VIII to trust ( s.o.),

bi-l-amsi yesterday; not long ago;

-l

have confidence, have faith


entrust

in);

to

6j}\ amsi l-awwal two days ago, the

day before yesterday


*_ umsiya
(

X ^Ll am&iy
eve-

(J*

s.o.

with,

to

s.o.

s.th.)

VIII;

to

ask for protection, for

pl. -t,

promise of security, for

indemnity

ning

(. s.o.)

<yl

fbjwJ

amstirdm Amsterdam

amn
|

safety; peace, security, pro-

tection

jUl

j-VI
tfl e

r
(

mm)

public safe-

jw.1 amJir the sizth


calendar

month

of the Coptic

ty J *^' JLitj

police
safety;
,

UI

amn

security,

peace
quarter

ul imma'

and

*>l

ivnma'a

characterless

shelter,
(mil.);

protection ;
safeguarding,

clemency

person; Opportunist, timeserver


J*l

assurance of pro-

tection; indemnity,

immunity from pun~


(a valedictory phrase)

amoZa u {amal) to hope


entertain hopes ( or

{*

or

*_>

for),

ishment
in

UI

of) II to

hope;

God's protection!
^..l

to ezpect (<> a s.th. of s.o.); to raise

hopes
s.o.),

in s.o.), hold out

hopes

amin

pl.

L.I

uman'*

reliable,

for

give
|

(
V

s.o.)

reason to hope or

trustworthy, loyal, faithful, upright, honest; safe, secure; authorized representa-

expeot

\j<*-

*L\ (kairan) tolet s.o.

hope
(*,

for the best


at),

to look attentively
(a,

tive or agent; tnistee; gnarantor (J* of);


chief,

regard,

contemplate
to
consider,

j j

head

Superintendent,

curator,

s.th.);

to

meditate;
(*,

custodian,

guardian,

keeper;

chambcr{mil.)

think over,
lain;

ponder
J*l

master of a gud (Tun.);


quartermaster-sergeant

s.th.), reflect {*,

on)

approx.:
1939)
lain
|

{Eg.

amal

pl.

JUT ml hope, expecalso

JjVt Cr/Vl {awwal) Lord Chamber-

tation (J of s.th.,
fallacious

^)

^JS* JJ

(formerly, at the Eg. Court); j^S~

hope
pl.

L.VI approx.: Chief Master of Ceremo-

J*U ma'mal

J*L ma'm1 hope


pl. -t

niea (ibid.); _^U ,>*'

a al-makzan ware-

house Superintendent; stock clerk; ^-1

J*U ta'ammid
oontemplation
J*T
J*_P
;

consideration

jjl j*
a.

a. rirr

ad-daula

and

pl. C>^L*L"

meditations
as-sirr

^1

,>-.!

permanent secretary of state


^*l
a.

hopeful
hopeful
for,

(Syr.) ;

JjX^JI

as-pundq
*r*Ull
r (

and
^^1
sec-

mu'amm

JUI
expected

,j*J

treasurer;

cashier;

mayor
J_pU ma'ml hoped
Jrfti*

(esp. Ir.);

*U

^J
^*l

mm)

retary general;

i_-iil

a.

al-maktab

muta'ammil contemplative, med* musing

(formerly) a subaltern rank in the Eg.

itative, reflective; pensive, wistful,

navy

(1939)

; ;

20

j\J min amen!


L.1

an

(conj.) that;

in

1.

(conj.) if;

jlj
if;

amna

reliability, trustworthiness

Mxx-n although,

even though, even


or (be
it);

loyalty, faithfulness, fidelity, fealty; integrity, honesty; confidence, trust,

\j

Ol

be

it

Vi i

good

(= V
ticle)

i) look

up
VI

alphabetically 2. (par-

faith;
(pl. -t)

deposition in trust;
s.th.

trusteeship;

not, esp. in the phrase Vi j* l


tZ2 (f.

deposited in trust, a decharge;


secretariat
|

tn

Auu

^ ul)
<\

it is

nothing but,

posit,

trust,

jUl
: jl

it is

no more than
(conj.) that;
(it),

JjOi^aJI a. a$-fiundq

treasury department
secretariat
al-a.

anno

6-m annaA
(it); *Jl

l*

ULI

('mma)

general

since he

because he
(it),

ollLVI

jit

makzan

baggage check

annah while he
introducing
a
yet; wit;

J* whereas he

'ald
(it);

room

main
is

clause:

however,

j^U mtCman place of


<j*.Jj

safety, safe place

<jl

illij

that

to say, namely, to

tamln securing, protection;


; ;

assur-

inna (intensifying particle in-

ance ; safeguarding reassurance ensuring


guaranty, warranty; security, surety; in-

troducing

nominal

clause)

verily,

truly (in most cases not translated in

surance

,^-1

ir*v
-U* ijwu

(ijtim'i)

social

English)
Le
1

security; JjjJ-l

($idda) fire inlife

innam but, but then

yet,

how-

surance;

*Li-l

J* jJb (AoyA)

insur3

ever; rather, on the oontrary


jl

ance

anna

(jol anin,
at)
pl. -t

ta'nn) to groan,

lcl

imn

faith, belief

{<_j

in)

moan
jl

(j,-

uUjI i'timn trust, confidence; credit

anna

moan, groan oLaTj


|

oljl

uLSL-1 isttmn trust, confidence


^.i

wails
^rjl

and laments
anin plaintive sound, wail; groan,

mtn peaceful
reliable,

Oj-U ma'mn
4-L
j*j*
liever

trustworthy
insured
be-

moan(ing)

^^ mw'amman 'alaihi
mu'min
believing,

faithful;

ijlil

annl egotistic;

egoistio(al), self-

ish

y:j*

mu'laman entrusted

J* with)

JUl anniya egoism, selfishness

confidant; sequestrator (jur.)

Jj^UVl al-andl natolia


^Ulil anns pineapple
._Jl

^j-^lJ omnibua omnibus, bus


1
t5_f

amawi of maid
*l

or like a

bondmaid or handII

to blame,
(

censure, reprehend, up-

braid
(adj.)

s.o.)

<S_y\

umawi Ommiad
-.1

<_-ufc la'nib

blame, censure, rebuke


ecclesi-

_jj

ban umayya

the

Ommiads
Ul (pronounced amb) Abba, a high
astic title of the Coptic Church, preceding

LjI amib amoebae

the

names of metropolitans, bishops,


and
sainte

J'^J amirl admiral


patriarchs,
tT>*l, 5*^*1

(< )
jv\j\

amerik, amerika America

jUI anbr
iJljw! amirliya admiralty

pl. _rUl

anbir 2 ,

anbir 2 ware-

house, storehouae, storeroom

30

,-ilJl

(Turk. onbagi) onbaai a mil. rank: cor-

JjJ*i' _r

al-andalus Spain

poral (formerly, Eg.);

^Lil J-Tj approz.:


L_JjAjI indniaiy Indonesia

private
i_^jl, <u_^

first class (Eg.)

see

i_J

^jjl

anisa a and anusa u (uns) to be companionable, sociable, nice, friendly, ge-

\ inblq alembic ij7

nial;

^1

to like s.o. 's


s.o.;
(_.
>

Company,
with

like to

cJ\ anta,
pl.

f.

anti thou,

you (2nd
f.

pers. sing.);

be together with
intimate

to be or get
Jl

on

m.

jjl

antum,
pl.

^jl

antunna you

terms

or

s.o.);

(2nd pers.

and pote form of address);

to be used, accustomed,

habituated

(Jl

dual 1 antum both of you


Ijjl

to); to perceive, notice, find (* a quality,

anta-d

it's

you!

j, j* in

s.o.);

to sense,

feel,
[

make
ij^A-

out,

recognize (* s.th.,

in, at)

^1

oUtSwul antikkna
iSJl an/ifca pl. -t

museum
(eg.)

(li-haditihi) to like to listen to s.o. II to

old, old-fashioned,

put at ease to tarne


;

III to

be friendly, nice

outmoded
jj*Jl

to s.o.); to entertain,
s.o.
{)

amuse

(e>

s.o.)

IV to keep

Company; to
(* s.o.);

en-

anlimn antimony
(ojl uTiwia) to

tertain,

delight,

amuse

to per-

iiJl

anuta u
inine,
II

be or become femeffeminate

ceive, discern,

make out

(with the eyes;


to find, see,

womanly, womanish,

a s.th.); to sense (* s.th.);

to

make

feminine; to effeminate,

make

notice, observe, e.g., LiSi

lj

^T he saw

effeminate; to put into the feminine form


(gram.)
^jjl

that he was duly qualified, that he was a

to

hecome feminine
pl.

(also gram.)

capable
of God)

man V to become incarnate (Son X to be sociable, companionable;


on familir terms, become
inti-

unt

jI

int,

jUl ant fem(of animals);

to get

inine;

female;

a female

mate; to become tarne; to be friendly,


nice,

LiJ

s Jl

al-untayn

the testicles

kind

(o

to s.o.)

to accommodafce o.s.,

^jijl untawx
(in

womanly, female, women's

accustom

o.s., settle
o.s.,

down; to be
o.s.

familir,

Compounds); effeminate, womanish


I

famiarize

acquaint
o.s.,

(<_j

or Jl

with); to inform
SjjJ

gather Information

unta femininity, womanlineas


(>_j

ahout); to take into consideration,


(<

ijjlj tarnt the feminine, feminine

form

take into account, bring into play


s.th.),

(gram.)

draw upon

s.th.

(<~>);

to

listen

iJJ* mu' annal (gram.) feminine (adj.)


\-?rj}_y jjv\
m

(J to s.th.),
.Jl

heed (^ an opinion)

antrbljiy anthropology
(syr.)

uns sociability; intimacy, famili-

arity, friendly

atmosphere
(ka'b)

^Ljil inj s
IJLf
I

pear

(It.

Inghilterra) ingiller

England

H uH' anklebone (anat.)


=

talus, inner

j\Lf*^l al-inglz

the English
English; Englishman
gospel

^1
race

ins (coli.)

man, mankind, human

tijJj^l ingdlizi

J-jtfl

injil pl. Jj--LjI anjil 2

^Jl

insi

human; human being


(coli.)

J-atl tn;'i& evangelical; evangelist

^U

ns

and ^Ul uns people

LLf

injiliya evangelical creed

0-L3 nat

mankind, humanity

^Ijl

anexy

(pl.)

people,

human

beings,

put

a.o.'a

noae out of Joint; *_Vi

V-L-

humans

etuck-up, haughty, proud


Jjl anfi nasal

a-x>\
teous

anis close, intimate; close friend;

friendly, kind, affable, civil, polite, cour-

Uu\

anafa

pride;

rejection;

diadain

(j- of s.th.)
L-jl insn
^r-JI .

man, human being

oL-jl
<Jtjj\

al-'ain pupil (of the eye)

anf proud, haughty, stuck-up,

eupercilioua, diadainful
L-ji insna
(jL-jl

woman
i_j

J-I

isti'nf

fresh

atart,

recomre-

tnn

human humane humani; ;

mencement,
opening
(jur.)
|

renewal,

reaumption,

tarian, philanthropist

(also,

of a legal case); appeal


fjJ

jLil insniya humanity, humaneness;


politeness, civity;

ULJ

(qaddama) to appeal,

mankind, the human

make an appeal
jj-1
L#Lil-l

(jur.)

race

isti'nf i

of appeal,

appellate;

LJlj* mu'nasa intimacy, famiarity,


friendlineaa, geniality,
bility; conviviality

isti'nfiyan

by appeal
jfJI
|

cordiality; aocia-

JuT
(dikr)

nif preceding, above

JjT

preceding, above, above-mention-

^UjI

Inas

exhilaration ;

friendlineaa,

ed; LjT nifan previously, above, in the

geniality ;

famiarity,

intimacy,

cordi-

foregoing
uJcSja

ality; sociability

mu'tanaf

primordial,

virginal

(jJlJ

ta'annus incarnation (Chr.)


Vtins social
life,

atate; beginning

^UI

sociability

U'jm\
i-jTnisapI.
lady, miss
1

(Fr. Anvers) anvers

Antwerp

(city in

~t, (jJljl

awnis2 young

N
JrjJ-l

Belgium)
influuxinz influenza, grippe

,j->>U

ma'ns

familir,

accuatomed
jjl

(j-Ju*
Jti\ (Engl.)

mustanis tarne

aniqa a to be neat, trim, smart, spruce,

comely, pretty; to be happy

(i_>

about),
(* s.o.)
|

minch
acciuga) anlfga (eg.)

be delighted

(i_>

by) IV to please

<j*-jijl

(It.

anchovy
city in

^1
V
(j

<Jj

(iai'u)

he

likes

the

thing

to apply o.a. eagerly


to)
;

and meticulously
fastidious,

*-TlLil

anfkiya2 Antioch

(ancient

to

be

meticuloua,

Syria;

now Antakya,

in S Turkey)

finical; to
4*Ll

be chic, elegant

jrj)jk\
Jjl

onflji ontologic(al) (philo*.)

anqa elegance

anifa a (anaf) to diadain, to

acom

Jjl aniq neat, trim, spruce, comely,


(j*
s.th.,,

do

8.th.);

to

reject

haughtily

pretty; elegant, chic

(a a.th.)

to reaume, renew,

recommence

3j anq Egyptian
I

vulture (Neophron

(* a.th.); (jur.) to

appeal (* a aentence)

percnopterua)

3jl^\
(lit.
:

^
i

je-\

a'azz 2

Jl

anf

pl.

jliTn/,

dy\

unf noae;
\

min
hens'

baidi

l-a.

rarer than the egga

epur (of a mountain); pride

of a vulture,

i.e.)

approx.: scarcer than

ragma
him;

anfiht in defiance of

*J6\ Jj him, to apite

teeth (proverbially for s.th. rare)

<stj\

jS"

(anfah) to humiliate

s.o.,

JJ ta'annuq elegance

32

jiy, mu'niq,
ly,

mniq

pretty,

come-

Ul

in*

pl.

Jl

niya,

uljl
]

awnin

winsome,

nice, pleasing

vessel, Container, receptacle


.

fUUI <S\

jti*

muia'anniq chic, elegant

af-ta'm table Utensils, dishes; mess kit


jfc Ut

annin slowness, deliberateness

*jjj\

anqara Ankara
oll*

muta'annin slow, unhurried, de-

(j-J-iil

a^olis

eel
a

Uberate
jl

dii

nwfc lead (metal)


inkiSri pl. -iya Janizary

ann

(interrog.
it

part.)

where

...

from?

why
^jli&l
and
ever
|

is

that...?
;

direction)
. . .

IJ*J&I, *JS^jl
giltera

(It.

Inghierra) ingilter, in*

<J

Jl 3

why? where? (place how? wherever; how(all) and why shouldn't

England
I

he

... ?

f*SL*j!ji ^ al-anglosaksn the Anglo - Saxons

_jjl anlsn,

j^-Jl aniseed

<Jj~SL~j}&'^\ al-anglosaksniya Anglo-

L*Ji anlmiy anemia

*ij**-

L*-jl

perni-

Saxondom
>J&^I
al-ingliz

cious anemia (med.)


T

the Engliah

aki! IaT hanf (interj.) oh!


II to prepare,
s.th.

(j;>Jd

inglizi English;

Englishman

^1

s.o.,

for)

make ready, equip (J *, * y to be ready, be preo.s.,

^pd&l ankalis
jU^I

eel

pared; to prepare
(coli.)

get ready;

to

ai-anm and fl^i


race

mankind, the

equip
LaI

o.s.,

be equipped (J for)
pl.
,_-*!

human
rj>jt\

uhba

uhab preparation,

unmdaj model, pattern; type, ei-

preparedness, readiness, alertness; equip-

ment,

outfit,

gear

ample; sample, specimen


j^cl

^>J-\ LaI u. al-harb

anamn anemone
an
i

{bot.)

mitary equipment; h-J\ La! J* ready toset out; jl-Ui-Vl LaI J* fully prepared;

on the
*JI

alert (mil.)

*i~*\

-U-l

to

make

one's

to mature,

become

ripe; to
|

draw
<J

preparations, get ready


_jLI

near, approach,
it is

come

(esp. time)

jl

Jl
ihb skin, hide

(high) time that he; esp. in negative

Statements:

b
...1

Jl

a-lam ya'ni?

isn't it

i_

*U taahkub preparedness, readiness;


preparation

about time

to act slowly, proceed

(pl. -t)

unhurriedly, bide one's time, be patient

<_**U*

mula'akhib ready, prepared


i (J_y>l

to

take

one's time, hesitate

(j

in,

with); to wait
Ji

JaI ahala u

uhl) to take a wife, get

married;

be

ahila a to be

on familir

anan
j

pl. ul
LiT

n' (span of) time,

terms
period
jL(Jl

(i~>

with);

pass.

ukila to be in(region,
fit,

JJI

(laili)

all

night long;
habited,
l-laili

populated
fit

place)

J)\Jf\j JJI

UT n'a

waII to

make
*

or suited, to

qualify
possible

afrja n-nahr
SUI

by day and by night


(J a,
s.o.,

s.th. for); to

make
<J

anh deliberateness
|

perseverance,

(a J for s.o. s.th.),


s.th.),

enable (*

s.o. to

do

patience

SU VI J_jt fl al-a. long-suffer-

make

accessible (> J to s.o. s.th.);


(i_j

ing, great patience; 3UVI

^j* long-suffer-

to
fit,

welcome
suited,

s.o.)

"V

to (J

be or become
for
s.th.)
;

ing (adj.)

qualified

to

, ;

33

take a wife; to marry, get married


deserve, merit {*
s.th.),

to

J*U muata'hU worthy, deserving, meriting; entitled

be worthy (* of)

Jl ahl pl. -an, JUI ahlin relatives,


folke, family; kin, kinsfolk; wife; (with
foll.

pi-UI

ihlllaj

myrobalan, emblic
L.;

(fruit

of

Phyllanthus emblica
(geom.)

bot.);

ellipse

genit.) people,

members,

followere,

adherents, possessore, etc.; inhabitants;


deserving, worthy (J of s.th.);
qualified (J for);
pl.

^^nJUaI ihlilaji elliptic(al)


fit,

suited,

>Vt, JUVI
|

the

j\

au or; (with
that

foll.

subj.)

unless, exoept

natives, the native population


a.

CjJI Jl
i.e.)
1

al-bait

members
the

(of the

house,

of the
jloJl
*iji-\

family;

Prophet's

family;

(_jjI)

<-S\

ba u (aub, jl
;

aufta,
,

t_jLI

iyb)

Jl the people living in the house; Jl a. al-kirfa people of the trade;

to

return

t-

<_jT

to catch

contract

auffer, incur s.th.,

be

in for s.th.,

be

left

<JtU-l Jl a.al-hilf people

pledged by oath,
Jl

with, got one's share of

members of a sworn confederacy;


*_^i-'l

Vj' < sides

n kuM* anbin from


<-?_y*j
*->-*'

all

o.

al-Jpibra

people of experience,
a. as-safsafa

or directions;

\f -

experts;
ists;
<:
11

<kJl Jl

Soph-

(wa-vaubin) do.
jjI

Jl o. as-aunna the adherents

auba return
i'yfc

of the Sunna, the Sunnis; jj)\j j-dl J*l


a.

ai-maaar uw-Z-wa6ar the resident pop-

t-jljl

return

LLIj

LUi dahban
;

ulation and the nomads; IaU-^JI Jl o.

wa-iyban there
forth,

and back

back and

al-wajha people of rank and high social


standing;
"}*+-_> "^*l

up and down
ma'b place to which one returns;
|

aAZan wa-sahXan welftiia


*J

uU

come!
you!

iil>

}Ul

aAlan

welcome to
is

(used as verbal noun:) return

-Lj >_j>*^

Ujl^ J*--j J*l

he

a welcome
2

Coming and going


>_jT

guest in our house


look up alphabetically
Jl ahli domestic, family (adj.); native,

resident ;
{

indigenous ;

home,

na-

y jl

and

j-

j\

(It.

opera)

ffpwd

opera

tional

Jl d-bj national

bank
5*s

(Eg.); ^>j>-

opera houae
C-jyji (Fr.) pret operetta

i-UI (harb) civil

war;

5-1*1

(mahkama)

indigenous court (Eg.); J^M

LJI (qatf*)

Jurisdiction of indigenous courts;

r-^V

Cjj\ (Ft. aol)

August (month; magr.)


autobus, bus

JV'

(t'ni;)
1

domestic production; ijj

Jl {uag /) family

wakf

tri^j' (Fr.
JI_ht_Jj'

(tutobus) oiobla

jUI akliya aptitude, fitness, suitableness, competence;


3J_jjUJI

(Fr.) otogrf pl. -f

autograph

qualification
i-L*"V'

LUV
le-

the

civil

rights;
'

J-T

,jMj*jjjI

otqrfi autocratic

gally competent ; Li* V

f ** legally incom-

JlUjJjl (Fr.) otomtikX automatic


J-ij-yjji

petent, under tutelage


(Fr-) o(om&iJ

automobile

J*T hil and Jj*u ma'AJ inhabited,

populated (region, place)


Zj"$Mj*
ities,

Jjjl (Fr.)
abil-

fej pl. -t

hotel

muakkilt qualifications,

^jl au; highest point, acme, pinnacle; cul-

aptitudes

mination, climax; apogee (astron.); peak


(fig.;

J*ti*

mui'akk married

of power, of fame)

34

T h albumen, eggwhite

4t\

fa pl. -t hrm, hurt, damage, ruin, bane,


evil;

O
(jjl)

<>*-T hin

albumin
flex,

epidemic, plague; plant epidemio

jT

da u (aud) to bend,
(* a.th.); to
(

curve,

<J_jJ-

ma'f stricken by an epidemio

crook

brden, oppress, weigh


Jjl

down
;

s.o.);

Jjjijl (Engl.) ovirl Overalls

awida a (aivad) to
to

bend to be bent V to bend ;


ibjl

bow

*(iij')

jT jo u

to bring a.o. (J*)

bad

luck,

cause

diacomfort

or

auda brden, load


II

to brden

( s.o.)

hardship (J* to) with a.th. unpleas-

ij\

awad: jjL

flj

to provide for
in

b.o.'s

ant, troubleaome or difficult


2

needs, stand
ajjl flil

by

s.o.

time of need;
*sj\

(awadah) do.; tosupports.o.,fur-

see

i#l

nish s.o. with the


j\j\

means of Bubsiatence
thirst

^lijl uwaiqt (dimin. of Ojl) short timea;


good times

uwr heat, blaze;


urubb Europe

IjjjI

u-^j' u^>Wj' ojtyni, ogiyns ocean


*Jj\ qiya pl.
-tf

jjjl urubbi European


J-ljjl ruialim*

ounce, a weight of varying

Jerusalem
ura^ battalion

magnitude (Eg.: 37.44 g; Aleppo 320 g; Jerusalem 240 g; Beirut 213.3 g)


jjjjlTjl (Fr. occasion)

&jj\

(=

iLjl)

urfa pl. .Ujl

(formerly, Eg.; mtl.)


special sale
(jl^ijjl

okazyn Clearing

sale,

uruguwy Uruguay
Lil^^Sjl

ukrniy Ukraine
(Fr. oxygene) oksizen
(aul,

IJLfjjl

(It.)

orkestr orchestra

J^^Sj\
iLijjl (Turk. rnek) urnik
pl, dJLjijl arniJc*

oxygen

sample, specimen; model, pattern; form,

(Jjl)

JT la u

JU
to),

ma'l) to return, re-

blank
IjjjjI

vert (Jf to); to go back, be attributed,

be

attributable

(Jl

spring,

derive (Jl
(

urubb, IjjjjI Europe

from)

to lead, conduce, tend

Jl

to),

Ujjjl uru&& European


^[>-jj_jl

result eventually (Jl in); to

come

or go

eventually

(Jl
|

to
Jl

a.o.),

paas

into

the

rguwy Uruguay

hands of

(Jl)
it

y$\ JT the
.
.

long and

Jjl II (eg.) to ridicule (J* s.o.),


s.o.

make fun of

the short of

was that

. ;

Jl

LU.I o jT

(J.)

(ma^fu) he eventually got to the point

where
jjl
,j*T

... II

to interpret, explain (* a.th.)

iwazz

(coli.;

n. un.)

goose, geese

JT l family, relatives, kinsfolk, clan;


myrtle; see also alphabetically

companions, partiaans, people; mirage,


fata
<jT

L'ljwjl uafurdty Australia


IjjwjI (It.)

morgana
la pl. -t Instrument, Utensil; tool;

austny Austria

apparatus; device, implement, appliance;

^Ljl Oslo
L-ji -sf aee Lj
3-ijl

machine
L-l
|J

LrX\
JT

>*$\

. al-hiss

senaory

organs; ijjc
jL\ ijT

(bukriya) steamengine;

. al-jarr tractor;

v^*-

JT (ja*

wiiya

pl.

^Ijl awSin prayer, oration

hannamiya) infernal machine;

*?ij*-

*H
*JT

(Copt.-Chr.)

(harbiya) instrument of war; .iL^^JI

35

l
mobor, engine; 1-Uchine; iTU-l
iULA-'l
3jT .
5JT

calculating

ma-

Vjl axmvalan
place; at
first,

first,

firstly, in
|

the

first

al-hiyka power loom;

in the beginning

JjL Vjl

T sewing machine ;_j*.alj JTradio;


hoisting machine, crano, derrick;
jJ!

and
after

Vjti Vjl

ailj ilT

by and by, gradually, one the other, one by one; l_/*-lj Vjl
Vjl {kiran) firBt

pump;
kina)

^i

<JT

and li^*
3J

Jl

(musafy*

and

\j-\j

and

laBt, alto-

heater;
i*-LL!l

jj^\

T (photographic)
Jill ilT
Jl

gether? simply

and

solely,

merely

camera;
.

Tprinting press;

Jjl awwali prime, primary, primordial,


original, initial, first; elemental, funda-

al-gael

washing machine; 'j*&

incubator;
set (radio);

JUL-VI iJTreceiver, receiving l^* lT (muqaffira) distling


still;

mental,

basic,

principal,

chief,

main;

elementary; primitive, pristine, primeval]


*Jj\

apparatus,
typewriter;
slot

i>b&\
<

5J

T and LjK"

3J

j\J\\

ilT .

Wb

i-j.u

(madrasa) elementary school,


iJjl
i-le
jI_j*

al-qimr

grade school;
materials; Jjl
*Jj\

(mawdd)

machine; LJL-y* *^ (mawjfyo) mualarm; siren;

raw

{'adad)

prime number;

sical Instrument; 4_J^I 5jT

hrn

(of an automobile); #lf*

ijy\j (ftra) pro forma invoice

(om;')
*Jj\

(fig.) tool,

creature, puppet

awwaliya

pl.

-t

fundamental
es-

truth,

axiom; primary constituent,

jT

all

meohanic(al); mechanized;
|

mo-

sential

component, element; precedence;

torized; instrumental; organic

jTi.1^
{qwt)

priority
Jil ayyil, iyyal,

(mihrt)

motor plow; -J VI

ol_^JI

motorized troops; Jl

55^*-

(haraka)

uyyal

pl.

JJLl ay'xP

mechanical movement
JT liya mechanics

stag

ULI iyla
iljJLI

pl. -t

province; regency

JVT
sician
;

lti

pl.

LjVT

ltiya

(eg.)

muupshot;

ailla title
;

deed

(jur.)

singer
2
,

J U mal end
result,
f.

outcome,

final
|

issue,

consequence

JU-I

Jji

awwal

Jjl l, pl.

m.

-n, Jjljl

aw'tf 2

first;

foremoet, most important,

U.I

Jj

at present

and

in

the future
Interpretation,

principal,

chief,

main;

first

part,

be-

ginning;

(with def. article also) earlier,


see
also

JjjU ta'mll explanatkm


Vjl
tti't, liliJjl,

pl.

-f

previous, former;

under Jj

liUVjl ul'ilca these; those,


li

JjV'

J V'

(insn) primitive

man;

ij-L
pl.

of the demonstr. pron.

and

jJIi

Jjl physician-in-chief; JJljVI, tJjJjVI the

forebears,

forefathers,

ancestors;

JJtjl

j^ijl

oJimi Olympic i-ljV


j

'LI

VI the

Olym-

_^Jl o. aH-Sakr the first ten

days of a
lj*

pic

games

month, beginning of a month;

JjV

jLljl olimbiyd Olympiad


j)j\ ul (pl. of jj) owners, possessors, people

li-awwali marratin or JjVI ZjJl for the


first

time;

*ij\

^
A
in

aUIjI

,^*

since its be-

ginnings, from the very beginning; j*


j^\
Jl
*ij\

(with foll.genit.: of)


|

^V'
:

jJjl u. l-amr
JJ-I

{kiriki)

from

beginning

rulers,

powerful leaders;
(lit.

jlJIj

^JjI

to end, from

to Z; j*^\ Jjl

awwala

u. l-hall wa-l-'aqd

masters of solv-

l-amri at

first,

the beginning; JjVI


first

ing

and binding)

do.; uliJI ^Jjl u. i-Sa'n

JjVli each time the

available;
just

U Jjl
when;
1

the responsible people


[ljl

(auwala) the
at

moment when,
outset
of;

uwm
ohm

thirst

the

very

JjVI

^> jS"\
2 j.jl

(aktara)

more than before

(el)

36

fj>j*j\
*liT

omnibiu omnibus, bus


|

jb to'auwuA moaning, sighing; admiring exclamation; plaintive sound, wail

**-'j

jT j and an time; ^\ al-na now J afc tne same time, aimultane-

tjj\

aw

to seek refuge, seek aheiter ( Jl at a

ously;

j*X

Jl

T m (kara) from time to jT ^j


L.

place); to

go

(Jl to

bed); to betake

o.a.,

time;

j^j

(ua-fcaro)

and

repair (Jl to a place); to shelter, houae,

jT

Jju IjT

Bometimes, at timea,

now and

put up, lodge, accommodate, receire as


a guest
(*,

then, once in a while; Uti

UT gradually,
jTj

s.o.,

s.th.)

II

to shelter,

by and by,
timea

little

by

little;

UT

lodge, put up,

accommodate, receive aa

(wtnatan) sometimes

sometimes, at

a guest

( s.o.)

IT to seek

shelter (Jl at

at timea; u^/1

JJ

qabla l-na

a place), to retire (Jl to a place); to

before, previously, formerly; j'SU li-l-na

betake

o.a.,

repair (Jl to

&

place); to

and j^l Jr
erto, so
far;

hatt l-na until


<lftl

now, hith-

shelter, houae,

put up, lodge, accommo-

ba'da l-na from

date

( B.O.)

now

on, henceforth, in the future;

<>

AyJ \wa accommodation, lodging, housing, sholtering

1-l*Lo*

u^l min al-na

fa-fi'idan do.

J&T na'Kn that day, at that time,


then
iilijT

^jl.

ma'wan
dwelling,

pl.

jL ma*win

place

of refuge, retreat, shelter; abode; resting

na4ka that day, at that time,

place;

habitation

JJ jjL
house
.

then
Oj\
oljl
*jljl

(laut) ahelter for the night; doaa

aun calmness,

aerenity, gentlenesa

^jT ^l
jackal
1

Vm w

pl.

jjT cAj bant

awn

pl.

SjjT un'na
-Jtjl

time

JJ

prematurely;

at
*i\j\

the right

time, timely, seasonably,

> jat
^j^" uy

ijTyo,

coli. ,jT

y, pl. -t sign, token,

mark;

miracle; wonder, marvel, prodigy; model,

the wrong time, untimely, unaeasonably;

exemplar, paragon, maaterpiece (j


e.g.,

of,

Zj$\

fr ,> j .

tmie * t"116

of Organization, etc.); Koranio verae,


I

dj^^J (M and j^-l

0 *jT (dwinaten,

u&r) at timea, Bometimea; j^-lj

jl sometimes sometimeB, at timea at


times; jlj^l
*i*U
(/dto)
it is

JX
the

J"jS\

J {y a4-dikr)
(in

the veraes of

Koran; paasage

a book), utter(with
foll.

ance, saying, word;

iLT

genit.)

too late;
it is

moat solemn
gratitude)

assurances

(of

love,

of

ljVI jT (?w) the time haa come,

time (J
*\ji\

for,

to do s.th.)

jl ay
look up
alphabetically
\*l
^ilJjl

that

is (to say), i.e.;

namely, to wit

yes (with

foll. ^ilj

yea, indeed! yeB,

by

onbaH

corporal, aee ^SlJl


\*l

God!)
a VV>
f-

(j\)

*T aha u and II to moan, aigh V to moan, sigh; to sigh with admiration (J

V o-VV
;

0,

(with

foll.

genit. or suffix)

over), exolaim "ah!"


jl

which? what? what kind oft whoever, whoaoever any, every, no matter what
.

. .

avnoah

(interj.)

oh!

(with neg.) no;

Lr!

yyum whatever,

whataoever
TAi,
<*T

cJlT *A, lT

ayyan kna,
ia,

UTAan,
pl. -*

Ijl

wwwahi oh!

ayyatan knat whoever he (or ehe)


oL*T
matter

no

Aa

aigh,

moan;

pl.

who he

(or Bhe) is; 5" j* j}


it

ayyv

aigha of admiration; rapturous exclamationa

man kna whoever

may be,

whoaoever;

JU- jl J* (ayyi hlin) in any caae, at any

rate, at all events,

by

all

means;

-U-Ij ^1

i-jj^jl (Fr.

&Aarpe) sash
<a
i

ayyu whidin any one; OLi ^1 ULI *i j! inna lah Sa'nan ayya Sanin it is of the
greatest importance
(lit.
:

_r

*jl)

^T

to rcturn,
(Jl s.th.)

revert

(Jl

to

it

is

of im._-*!

s.th.); to

become

portance, and of what importance!);


l->L*I

Ljl aidan also, too, as well, likewise,

Ul o

u'jiba bihi

ayyam
*_L
JJl

i'jbin

eqaally;

again;

in

addition,

besides,

how much he admired him!


him
greatly;
jLil
Le!

he admired
aqbala

moreover

'alaihi

ayyam

iqblin
it

he sbowed

the

UIUI

tfd/iyd Italy
Jliajl

greatest interest in

ili Italian; (pl. -n) an Italian

Li

iyy with nominal suffix to express the


accusative
[

jjjl

(Gr. tlxojv) iqna and icon (CAr.)

<~>j>}

iqniya

i)L!
. . . ;

take care not to

..,

pl. -dt

be careful not to
of
...! iiLlj (dial.

> iJL

ilL

beware
uiiil

wayyk), Llj {wayyh)

aik

(coli.; n.

un.

;)

thicket, jungle

with you, with him

Jjl

and ULI
adJ a

see Jjl

jU
jjl

see

j\

JjLI

September

(Syr.,

Leb.,

It.,

II to back,

support

( s.o.,

* a claim,

an

Jord.)
3 ij^ljl

aspiration, etc.); to confirm, corroborate,

ailla title

deed (?W.)

endorse

(*

news,

judgment,

etc.)
(<!) >T

pass. of II

ma

i:

-c^jj j-

(zaujatiht) to lose
c~l

one's wife,
j_j ta'yld corroboration, confirmation,

become or be a widower,

endorsement, backing, support


j^ r jjJjI (Fr. hydrogene) idrozen

L^*-jj j* (zaujih) to lose one's

husband,

become or be a widow
Irl

hydrogen

aima,

*jA

uym and f
oy'im 8 ,
^/Ll

to*

iJL^jj-ul ILj (qunbula) hydrogen


l

bomb

'ayyum widowhood
f\

j\ air pl.

jy) uyr penis

ayyim

pl. ^-Ll

aydiTi

widower, widow
r-

*jU

af/yr 3

May

(Syr., Leb., Ir., Jord.)

aiwam 2

see
r>-

jl^l Irn Iran, Persia


Lei

ayyum

see *^1

ayy
oomo, approach, draw
time for him

jly

irni Iranian, Persian; (pl. -n)


1
(
fc

a Persian, an Iranian
loilyl irland

>')

^ na

to
|

near (time)
Ireland
(pl.

jljVl l {awn) the time


*J

has
-n) Irishman
to...

come:

it's

^jJj-I irlandi Irish;


JLj-I (Engl.) eriydl aerial,

T see j\

antenna
place?)
j.1 Jl

rj>l
i\

i3is Isis

j\ aina wherc? (= at or to whaL j.\ j* min aina where ... from?


|

where? (= to what plauo?)


far

ayisa a (^Ll
s.th.)

iytw)

to despair

(^

of

^ j&

j_\

how
what

we

still

are

from...,

worlda
*_'

separate us from
jya despair
is

...

(fig-);

il J* '**

^LJ

this

compared with that!

38

^\
^j!

al~ainu the where; Space (philo*.

Ifl

ayyuh, with

fem. also
...!

\^J\

ayyatuh

ainam wherever

(vocative particle)

ULI ayyna when? (conj.)


2

when
(el.)

<_jjjl

ayyb 2 Job
jjjjjlfi al-ayybiyn the Ayubite

j>\ II

to ionize (*
_jjI

B.th.)

to be ionized

{jA aiwam* Bee

iyn

pl. -t

ion

pj

>j

^jjI see
fa'yln ionization
2 (jljjl

2 ^/l

^U. muio'ayym
<jl

ionized

tw

pl.

-t recess-like

sitting

room
an

with a raised
iAi, iha,

floor,

usually opening on

ihin (interj.) well!

now

then!

all

the main

room

or courtyard through

right

arcade; estrade

i_j

abbreviation of
bi (prep.)
in,

<_jIj

chapter

LL bbpl.
father,

ol_jjL bbawt,

otjLL pope; papa,

daddy

i_j

at,

on (place and time);


i^jjLj bbatui,
4j_jjLj

with (indicating connection, association,


attendance); with, through, by means
of (deaignating instrumentality or agency,
also with pass. price of);
1

^jLL papal

babawiya papacy

by); for

uu

ba'ba'a to say

"papa"

(child)

at the
of);

by

to the
|

amount

by
at

Jiji bu'bu' root, source, origin; core, heart,

(introducing an oath)

JJL

bi-l-lail

inmost

part;
al-

pupil

of

the

eye,

also

(by) night, jlfJl* bi-n-nahr during the

(J^aII jij>_ b.

in

daytime,
bi-Sarqin

by day

j^Jj

1f \J"

Samlan
fa-bih
right;
...;

northeast ;

C-**J j
it's

l^i
all

JjL bbiP Babel, Babylon JjL bbill Babylonian


4jL

wa-ni'mat in that case


l

j
\

(J

-J

it

is

not

my

intention to

bbih the second

month

of the Coptic

i]\ Xt

-U

hd bi-dka

now we

are even,

we

calendar
7rji\j

are quits; itL_j 4S-<JJ (majVihi) an hour

before his arrival;


givea causative

"with" frequently
e.g.,

babj

pl. pz>\ji

bawblj1 slipper bawbir 3

meaning to a verb,
to rise with s.th.,

jjth bbr

pl. -t, juI_jj

(=

j_y)j)

y^-

(lit.

i.e.)
*j

to

locomotive, engine; steamship, steamer

boost, further,

promote

s.th.;

Jl

*L

to cause s.o. to arrive at, lead s.o. to;


for its use as copula after negations, etc.,

jA> bbnaj camomile


*'

(bot.)

"I;

btista batiste

see

grammar; "&

bi-l

without; jl

lc

bi-m anna in view of the fact that;


since, as,

j^^JjtL btlji pathologic (al)


U-^J_jJL btljiy

inaamuch

aa,

because; J

Lc

pathology
baidinjn
(coli.;

bi-m
L b'

fihi including

U^jL bdinjn and

jljf-ij

name

of the letter

t->

n. un.

) pl. -t

eggplant, aubergine

.u
x

jLj

6>

pl. -

bar; taproom

e -8-> 4- if^i

able
a

quantities
it

^\f (kammiyt) consider^L V (6a' sa) never


;

jL ba'ara a to dig a well


Jj
bi'r f., pl.

mind!
^'
cr'H
.

doesn't matter!

it's

all

right!
. . .

jLT br, jUj bi'r well,

**

doesn't

matter

that

spring
j_Jj

?o"
bu'ra pl. jJj

i*'

a yyu

6o*at.?
it?

what does

it

6u*ar center,

seat

matter? what of
(fca'aun)

^L

4_L

^-J
. . .

(flg.); site; pit;

abyss

he

will

be none the worse for

iU*
Cjj-SIjIj (Fr.

^-L V

(6a' sa) it

won't do you any

paraehute) brSt parachute

hrm! don't worry! don't be afraid


(

(il^m brguwy Paraguay


(jj^jL see <Jjj _r

rJj

obj bantu

bi'a

calamities, ad-

versities, misfortunes

^ji
<JjIj (Fr.) barlcek parquet, parquetry floor
*L"jIj

bu'a,

lL
pl.

ba's' 3 ,

^jj*
a6'a*

bu's misery,

and ^-Jj

fcu'sa

^Jjl

see *\jj
pl. -(

wretchedness, suffering, distress

jIj

6ra

para

(coin)

rj 6a'te wretched
(

pl. L-Jj bu'as'*

miserable,

ajjL brd saltpeter;

gunpowder
bawrid 2
rifle,

^L
J-Uj
J~*lj

6*w miserable, wretched

jjjlj ftrda pl. -bjljj

carbine
,jJjIj

(Fr.) &cwtfZ pastel

6>m 2 Paris
^jjlj

bsU

bacilli

Parisian

^iL b5 senior, chief


ba'z pl. j^Jj

(in

Compounds)
,j!j jlf^lj

Jlj

bz

pl. l_)u

6iz7fr

and jL

jI^Ij bS6&vi

and

approx.

6u'z, o\je bi'zn falcon

master Sergeant (formerly, Eg.)


pSi**
Ij

jljL bzoV pl. -( bazaar


C-Jjlj

fcfcaHm physician-in-chief

j^-j^piL

bSrayyis a naval rank, approz.

zoW basalt
petty officer 3rd class {Eg.)

JjjjjLi

bzbtmd bracelet
(^-

,_jt^ilj bSktib chief clerk

^Jj bausa u
intrepid;

6a* s) to

be strong, brave,
(,j-Jj

Jt'Ij bmufti chief

mufti (Tun.)

^^J

ba'iaa a

6a' a)

to

^rtM;
(

bSmufattiS chief inspector

be

miserable,

wretched

VI

to

feign
_r

misery or distress VIII to be sad, worried,


grieved
Js-jJI
{J

*JL+r'Li

bSmuhandia chief engineer


bSawt (CjIjUL) pasha

UL
Jj bi'sa r-rajulu what an evil

fci pl.

ol^L

man!

jilj 63o, 6tg pl.

J^

6auw&g a sparrow

^L

hawk
ba's strength, fortitude, caurage,
(ob

intrepidity
bcfusa);

verbal

noun
-bJ-1

of

^Jj

jjliUI al-bsqvrd the Bashkirs


^rXilj see jS^L*

hrm, hurt, injury, impairment,


|

detriment, wrong
brave, intrepid;
is
*i

^ul
,^-L
it;

courageous,
there

(6a' sa)

^jAi (Engl.) bs pl. -t bus, autobus

no objection to

unobjectionable;

not bad, rather importaut, consklerable,

j^li bfn concrete, b6ton

6
iplj

bga celluloid; tortoiae ahell


al-bkistn Pakistan

trj

<^ri

it' s

ftu<

over between him and

them, they are through with each other

U-fUI

Co bau settlement, decision;


JLl-TLj bkistnl Pakistan! (adj.
]

La battan

and

n.)

definitely,

once and for

all

Jlj bl

whale

{zool.)

decision;
a

o batta pl. -t adjudication, award final al-battata and o battatan


;

<lJ\

Ulj bla pl, -t bndle, bale

definitely, positively, decidedly, esp.

with

jUU

balt pl.

oljUU

6o^oum(,

^^j

balfi

negations: absolutely not, definitely not


Jj batti definite, definitive
i-L

overcoat; paletot

J\j
jJLj

(It.

balh) ball, dance

battiya,
;

bittiya

pl.

Jla

battly

barrel

tub
battan decidedly, definitely, pos-

bln balloon
Ljli>

jUUI jjr
lands

juzur al-blit/r the Balearic Is-

itively, categorically,

unquestionably, ab-

solutely

*JL (Fr.) bleh ballet


L1j

C-oj Jo&ii adjudication, award


j\j

blt

definite,

definitive

and

S-*Lj

bmiya gumbo, okra (Hibiscus


(man') categorical interdiction

Cj\j

*~>

esculentus L., 6o(.,a populr vegetable in

Egypt)

Ji batara u (batr) to cut

off,

sever (* s.th.);

OL

see ji

to amputate (* s.th.); to mutilate, render

fragmentarily (* a text) VII to be out


*^J\jji\j
i-ili

SSa bnrmiya

Fr. icran

off,

be severed, be amputated
batr cutting
off,

panoramique) Cinemascope screen


J

severance, Sepa-

jJj ia'na the tenth month of the Coptio


calendar
by,
f. IjLj

ration; amputation
Jj\

abtar 2 curtailed, docked, clipped,

trimmed; imperfect, defective, incomt$lj

bya

pl. -t

formerly, in Tunisia,

plete; without offspring


jli>

title aftor

the

names of the membera


battr cutting,

of the Bey's family

sharp

jUI jU dar aUby (formerly) the Tunisian

J\i btir cutting, sharp

government
pl. j_j-j

jJUa

mabtr

broken,

abrupt,

un-

connected; fragmentary, incomplete

j babr

bubr tiger
fl

Uo babg' 2 (and &a&&aj* a )


wt parrot
C~i boXla

.!j

bitr"*,

batr'*

Petra (ancient city of

pl. oljli-j

babg*

Edomites and Nabataeans; ruins now in

SW Jordan)
ilji batrak patriarch

(bau) to cut off, sever (a s.th.);

to complete, finish, achieve, accomplish,

carry out

(*

s.th.);

to

fix,

settle,
s.th.,

de-

Jjj batrl, bitrl petroleum

termine (*
s.th.)
II

s.th.),

decide (*

on

to adjudge, adjudicate, award

il

abta' 2

an
all,

assonant intensifier

of w-J

(* s.th.)

VII to be cut

off; to
j

be finished,
-l
4i

ajma' 2

altogether, whole, entire

be done; to be decided

j*>1\

-iL bti' strong; fll, whole, entire

41

ik> II to cut off (a


1

a.th.)

*wf bajika
II to cut off, sever
final,

a (bajah) to rejoiee
(l_j

(i->

at)

to

vaunt, flaunt
Jij batala i

s.th.),

boast, brag (lj of)

(batl)

and

{*

a.th.);

to

make

dose,
s.th.)

settle,

vv-Jt tabajjuh

bragging, braggery

make
retire
life

conclusive,

clinch

(*

to

M^i* mutabajjih braggart


tJjf.

from the world and devote one's

to

God

(l

Jl);

to be pious, chaste
to
live

bajda,

bujda root,
|

aource,

heart,

es-

and

self-denying;
off,

in

chastity

sence, basis

j-V

-^ the heart of the

VII to be cut

be curtailed, be docked
the Virgin

matter, the actual State of affairs, the


true facts; lf-&J/I _**

{ibn bujdatih)

he

J>=j batl virgin; Jj=JI


<}jZj

Mary

knows the
the right
j-\

Job from the ground up, he is


for
it

batti virginal

man

*Jy* batliya virginity


Js*s* mutabattil

abjar 2 obese, corpulent

an

ascetic, a recluse;

rit

bajasa

(bajs)

and

II

to

open

a.

pious, godly
a

man

passage (for the water), cause (the water)


to flow

V and

VII to flow freely, pour

V_>=j

batl birch tree

forth copiously, gush out


l

io

batta

(batt)

to spread, unroll, unfold

rj~

bajs,

,^-wf

bajis

flowing

freely,

(a s.th., e.g., (a
s.th.)
;

a rg); to scatter, disperse


disseminate,

Streaming
mjt

to

propagate,

baja

(n.

un.

pelican

spread

(a s.th., e.g.,

spirit,

an ideology,
to
Jjt II to honor, revere, venerate, treat

a doctrine); to sprinkle
let s.o. {, also J) in

(a a s.th. on);
s.th. (*, esp.

with
(
*

on

on a
|

deference
s.o.);
s.o.

s.o.),

show reapect

to

secret)

to broadeast, transmit
to peer around;

by radio
<Lj

to give precedence (J* a or

to

j-JI d-j

^Will

to
in

or s.th. over)

to be honored, be

plant, or lay, mines IV to let

( s.o.)

revered, be venerated
J*:

on a secret
scattered

(a)

VII to be spread; to be

bajal Syphilis

(*>.)

Jjj^J tabjU veneration, reverence; def-

ij

batt spreading,

dissemination, prop-

erence, respect

agation; grief, sorrow jo batara


i

^w
erable
jtf

mubajjal revered, respected; ven-

(batira a)

and V to break out with

pimples or pustules (skin)


ju batr
pl. jjij biitr (n.

bajama

{bajm,

>^

bujm)

to

be

un. ju batra

speechless,

dumfounded

pl. batart)

pimples, pustules

yc. II to clinch (* a nail)

ju

batir,

j&

batir pustulate,

pimpled

bahka a
to

(bahh,

bahah,

rj^ buhh,
i*-l*

jj bataqa

u (with

_^Jl

an-nahra) to open

rl bahh, **-j buhha, be or become hoarse,


II

bahha)

be raueous,

flood gates so that the river will overflow


its

banks VII to break forth, burst out,

husky, harsh (voiee)


hoarse
(* s.o.)

and IV to make

well out, pour out, gush out; to emanate,

proeeed, spring (j- or

^ from)

* buhka hoarseness
4-\

jliul inbitg outpouring, effusion, out-

abakh* hoarse
hoarse

pour, outburst; emanation

C^T- mabhh

err%y-

II

iabahbaha to be prosperous, live in


o.a.,

J^

bahtara to disperse, scatter (* s.th.);


to waste, squander, dissipate
II tabahtara pass. of I
(m

easy circumstances; to enjoy

have

s.th.)

a good time

rj^. bakbh gay,

meny
life

Ijji bahtara waste, dissipation

*>-j^ buhbuha middle;

of ease
|

^>w

mubahtir

squanderer,

wastrel,

and comfort,

prosperity, affluence

spendthrift

,y <*-j^- amidst

^w mvbahbah well-to-do, prosperous


enjoying an easy, comfortable
Life

*_^ bahira a to be startled, be bewildered


(with fright)
B

C-& bht pure, unmixed, sheer; exclusive,


also

_/

*: II

to travel

by Bea, make

a voyage IV do.

J*

i\

C-*; \z bahtan merely, solely,


. .

to embark, go on board; to put to sea,


set sail, sail, deparb (ship); to

purely, exclusively, nothing but

go down-

stream, be sea-bound (ship on the Nile)

J^

buhtwr stocky, pudgy, thickset


i$J>-

to penetrate deeply, delve (j into);


(

bukivji stocky, pudgy, thickset


(bht)

to study thoroughly
j- bahr pl.

a subjeet)

=V
a

-* bahata a

jU

bihr,

to look, search

jj buhr, jUl
largo
river;

(*

or 06 Aar,

for s.th.), seek (* or

_^l

abhur sea;

s.th.); to

do
noble, or great,
ity or

research; to investigate, examine, study,

man
is

(whose magnanim-

explore (* or

knowledge

comparable to the
(poei.)

s.th.,

less

frequently

with

vastness of the sea); meter

or J*), look into (* or j*); to

j- in the course of, during, (>iL-

discuss (* a subjeet, discuss


(

a question)

III to

j _^ j
|

with

(sanatain) in the
s.o.,

course of
Ja-*jdl

two

years,
l

a question) VI to

have a discussion, discuss together; to


confer,

within two
(abyatf,

years ;

^aj V

j*Jl

have a talk

mutawassifl

the Mediterranean

(*.

with

s.o.,

about)

j-LLJI

(sometimes shortened to ^jVI j^); j- b. al-bolfiq the altic Sea;

w*
abht

bht

pl.

Lij*- bttht,

olj_^,

il*il

V>^-'
of);
6.

j.

b.

al-janb the

South Seas;
(also f^Ull

search

(^

for),

quest

(^

^Vl j~J\ the Red Sea


al-quhum)
;

examination,

_^

Btudy;

research;

investi-

j_^-'l

_^

b.

al-kazar the

gation, exploration; discussion; treatise;


(pl.

Caspian Sea

(also

iW)

L*_SOl j*JI\); ?jj\ j^Ji


b.

study, scientific report (j on)


research

b.ar-rm the Mediterranean; j^-V


(aswad) the

iU:
worker

bahht pl. -n scholar,

Blaek Sea; oUiUJl

j-

az-zulumt the Atlantic; J^J j-

b, l}

jU: bdhhta

eminent scholar

and
J-Jl

c-J.1

j*fcJl

{mayyit)

the

Dead

Sea;

y:

{eg.)

the Nile the

ui-^w mabhat pl. ^i^-U, mabhit 2 subjeet,

theme,

field

of investigation or disof
research;
research,

j>

j*JI

al-bahrain

Bahrein

Is-

cussion,

objeet

lands
tj\j-

study, examination; investigation

bahrni of the Bahrein Islands;

&- L. mubhata

pl.

-l

negotiation,

jjUvJl al-bahrina the inhabitants of the

parley, Conference, talk, discussion


i.*-b
bhit pl.

Bahrein Islands
tjj^-

-n and il*i bukkal

bahrt sea (adj.), marine; maritime;

seholar, research worker; examiner, in-

nautical; naval; navigational ; (in

Eg.)

vestigator

northern, bahriya (with

foll. genit.)

north

43

J~
matio smoke {*
s.th.)

of; (pl. -n,

eailor,
:

Seaman, mariner

to evaporate

_yU

j_^ approx.
;

Seaman apprentice
(jtwi)

(water); to volatilize, turn into

smoke or

(Eg.)

ijjwJl

il>|^Jl

the

naval

haze; to perfume

o.s.,

or be perfumed,

forcea; \j- *1>UU (na&(t) marine flora,

with incense
jlit

water plants
<j

bukr

pl. -t,

abkira vapor,

j-

bahriya navy

fume; steam
ijl bukri fiara Sea-

j^ bahra pond, pool

steam

(adj.),

steam-driven
|

jl^ oAr

pl. -n, jl*

jjjc bakr incense; frankincense


f_j* b. Jt-\

jyC

man, mariner,
ship, of

sailor; pl. Sjl*

crew (of a

maryam cyclamen

(bot.)

an airplane)
abkar 3 suffering from balitosis
pl. j-^
-t,

2jv buhaira pl.


(tun.)

3 J[- bak'ir lake;

^iw mibkara

mabkir* (also

vegetable garden, truck garden


t) censer; thurible; fumigator

\j-

bukrn

crisis (of

an

illness); cli-

jvJ
tion
_^-Ij

tabklr fumigation

max, culmination

(also, e.g.,

of ecstasy)

ji^S tabakkur evaporation, vaporizaj>*S tabahkur deep penetration, delving (j into a subject), thorough study

(jof)
j*<~* mutabahkir thoroughly familir

bkira pl. j-\jt batvkir* steamer,

steamship
(j with); profound, erudite, searching,
penetrating
(

ijtji buwaikira small steambnat


rJc

bakasa a (baks) to deorease, diminisb,


(*
s.th.)
;

jl^ bahlaqa:
gaze <j at)
l

<.

jl<

{'ainatAt'}

to stare,

reduce

to

lessen
;

(e.g.,

4=*JS

qimatah the value of s.th.)


neglect, fail to

to disregard,

heed

(* s.th.)

f2

f'

^ a- ^^ excellent! well done! bravo!


Kj

^-

baks too

little,

too low; very low

bakka u (bakk) to

snore;

to

spout,

(price)

spurt, squirt (* s.th.); to sprinkle, splatter


l

r^-lj

bfcis

Bmall,

little,

trifling,

un-

(t_>

* s.th. with)

important
bakiiS
pl. ^ij^Li1

i^Ljc bakkJca nozzle

bakSlS 2 tip, gratuity


to kill o.b.

ii^i

(eg.)

bukJeeka squirt, ayringe


mJ

baka'a a (bak')

with *

Ob* mibakka
tlji 6afc( luck;

nozzle
-*JI J-

(with grief, anger, rage)


jJfil

a kind of lottery

abkaq 2

f. Ljc

bakq' 2 one-eyed

unlucky; c^JI j- bad luck


Jjtf

bakila a (bakal), bakula

(buhl) to
s.th.,

be

iJf; &afci(

lucky, fortunate

niggardly, be stingy

(i_>

with

^ or
J*
s.o.),

*_y*~*

mabkt lucky, fortunate

J* with regard to
s.o., iy for), stint

s.o.),
(i_>

scrimp

(jp,

in, ^f-

or Jp

Jit II tabaktara to strut, prance


jjc

withhold
to

(je-,

J* from

s.o., <_>s.th.)

VIto

II to vaporize, evaporate

(* s.th.);

give reluctantly, grudgingly f^, J* to


s.o.,
i~>

fumigate

s.th.)

(* s.th.}; to disinfect (* B.th.);

to perfume with incense, expose to aro-

JJ bukt avarice, cupidity, greed

J~
JJc
bafcll pl.

*& bukal' 1

avarioious,

o-i mu9tabidd arbitrary, highhanded,


autocratic,

greedy; miser, skinflint

tyrannical,

despotio ;
'

auto(bi-ra**

iw

mabjpala cause of avarioe, that

crat, tyrant,

despot

*jIj-

",.-

whioh arouses avarice or graed

yihi) opinionated, obstinate,

headstrong
or

jjc bufcnuq
(to oover

pl.

^c

bakniq* kerchief, veil

i-

bada'a a

(#.u

bad') to begin, start

(<_>

the head)
to
distribate,

j with
foll.

s.th.,

a s.th.;

with

s.o.;

with

imperf.: to do s.th. or doing s.th.

badda u (badd)

spread,

respectively ) ;
arise,
s.th.,

to

set

in,

begin,
II

start,

disperse II to divide, distribute, spread,


scatter,

spring up, orop

up

to put (*

disperse

(*

s.th.);

to remove,

J* before
or

s.th. eise), give (*

preced-

eliminate (* s.th.); to waste, squander,


fritter

ence

priority

to

s.th.,

away, dissipate

(* s.th.)

J* over
s.th.,
first

pass.

s.th. eise) III to begin, start

(<_>

of II;

to

be independent, proceed
(<_>

with regard to

s.o.),

make the
(<_>

Step,

independently
i.e.,

in, o.g., in

one's opinion,

take the initiative or lead

in s.th.,

to be opinionated, obstinate, head-

toward
accost

s.o.), e.g.,

jOI&Lj
first

*Ub {kalm) to
s.o.

atrong) ;
(<_>

to

possesa

alone,

monopolize
(<_>

s.o.,

speak

to

IV to do or

s.th.); to

take possession

of
{<_>
;

s.o.),

produce

first (* s.th.),

bring out (* s.th.

seize, grip,

overwhelm, overcome

s.o.;

new)

-Uu

Uj

[gju

L.

yubdi'u

wa-m

said of a feeling, of

an impulse) to
(<_>

dis-

yu'idu he can't think of a blessed thing


to say; -Uwj jO-j he says or does every-

pose

arbitrarily,

highhandedly

of

s.th.); to rule despotically, tyrannically,

thing

conceivable
s.th.)

VIII to begin, start

autocratically
A*

(<_>

over)

(v with
|

budd
-^

way
J

out, escape
if
it is

jS

lil

j-

(buddun)

inevitable
cerall

*X>

bacT beginning, start


\*Xij

.jJ! .u*

from

that...;

V V

(budda)

definitely,
fail;

the (very) beginning;

Ijj* *Li ('au*

tainly, inevitably,

without

by

means j*
;

Uj

it is

necessary, inescapable,
*J

dan wa-bacPan) or *J -U J* * :>_>* ('audak 'al baSikx) or *0j Jl 1^ (il bacCin) he did
it all

unavoidable, inevitable, c-

Oj

V he
it;

over again, he began anew


bad'a,
il-u
|

aimply mut do
-

it,

he oan't get around


in

I-

badVa,
*jI-

l-

bidya

JS*

j-

min huUi buddin

any

caae, at

beginning, start
ginning, at
first

^Vl

in

the be-

any
-

rate

jW

abdid*

(pl.)

Boattered
*l-

bad'a beginning, start;


|

first

step,

OjO-j

fabdid scattering, dispersal, dis-

first

instance
at the

Oj

*1oj

badd' ata

baSin
be-

persion ;

removal,

elimination ;

waste,

right

outset,

at the

very

dissipation
il-Ll-1

ginning
istibdd
arbitrariness,

high-

jl-u bud'i primitive

handedness; despotism; autocracy; ab-

solutem
jjljj^l istibddi arbitrary, highhanded, autocratic, despotio; oLjjIjJ^I istib*

t-u

mabda*

pl.

^jL.

mabdi'*

be-

ginning, start, starting point; basis, foun-

dation ;

principle ;

invention ;

pl.

prin-

ciplea, convictions (of a person); ideology;

ddiyt arbitrary acta


j-L*

rudiments,
disperser;
j

fundamental concepts,
Jculub al-m.

Cle-

mubaddid

scatterer,

ments jjLII <^S"


books

elementary

squanderer, wastrel, spendthrift

45

Cto s.th.)
|

ja-,

mabdai
basic;

original,
LjJL*

initial;

fundaorigi-

JpjJI

jlfl Jl jiL {injzi l-wa'd)


fulfill

mental,

mabdaiyan

to set out to

a promise VI jjLj

nally; in principle
IjLI

jmJ}\ Jl {dihn) to
;

suggest itself strongly,


first

ibtida
|

beginning, Start; novitiate


IoijI

be obvious to appear at
(jl); l
all

glance as

if

{Chr.)

jf.

ifciid'an
foll.

min from,
date)

^S

Jl j-iLj

(dikni) it oecurred
. . .

beginning

...,

os of (with

to

me

of a sudden that

^JI Jl jalJ

(fahm)
Jloijl ibtid'i initial; preparatory, ele-

to

be

immediately

understood

VIII to hurry, rush, hasten (* to); to get

mentary, primary of
;

first

instance

(jur.)

ahead of
( s.o.)
|

s.o.

(),

antieipate,

forestall

original,

primitive

v'-^

'**& {mahf
jlaijV' J*d\

:AJli

UjAjI before she could say


. .

kama) court of first instance;

word he exclaimed
jOj jJj

elementary education; v'-11^ *-j j* {mad* rasa) lower grades of a high school,
approx.
:

badr

pl. jjJj

budr

fll

moon

junior

high

school

(as

dis-

badra
of
j

pl. badart, j\x> bidr huge

tinguished from *j>Ij); v'-^.' "l^-i (&a* hda) approx.: junior high school grad-

amount
dirhama)
of

money

(formerly == 10,000

Jlj*Vl olj-4

enonnous sums

uation certificate
\$s\i

money
jl-b

bdi* beginning, starting


|

_^Vi *^li

badri hurry! quick!

bdi'a l~amr

and j*Vl

jjIj

ning, at first; J[j\

l^ilt

j j

in the beginright

away,

j j

L.

mvbdara

undertaking,

enter-

without thinking twice, unhesitatingly;


.b

prise
jjlj

^j
of

J^jL
all,

bdi'a dl bad'in above

all,

bdira

pl.

j*\jt

bavxidir* herald,
first in-

first

in the first place, primarily;

harbinger, precursor, forerunner,

^"i [$sU\ al-bdi'u dibruh (the person


or thing) mentioned at the outset, the

dication, sign; unforeseen act; Btirring,

impulse,

fit (e.g.,

of rage); blurier, mis|

first-mentioned
^j-U-.

take; j^ji stirrings, impulses

j*-

jaIj

mubtadi*

beginning;

beginner;
2

6.

kairin a good, or generous, impulse

novice {Chr.)
Toi-*

jXj

baidar

pl.

jiLi

baydir*

threshing

mubtada* beginning, start; {gram.)

floor

subjeet of a nominal clause


rjj-ij
ljJU

badara u to come unexpectedly, by surprise; to escape


{,y>

rn
f-Jj

and jjJ (Turk. bodrum) badrm, bad* pl. -t basement

s.o.; e.g.,

words
s.o. 's

in

excitement)

III

to
s.o.

come to
()

bada'a a {bad') to introduce, originate,


start,

()

do

for the first

time (*

s.th.),

be the

mind, oeeur to
strike
s.o.

all
;

of a sudden,
first

(idea,

notion)

to

embark,
(Jl to

to do s.th. (*); to devise, contrive,


s.th.)

invent (a
enter
s.th.)
(Jl

II to

aecuse of heresy

upon

s.th.) or set

out

do
(

s.o.)

IV

I;

to create (a s.th.); to

without delay; to rush, hurry


to a place); to hurry up
Jl
(<_j

(Jl

to

s.o.,

with

achieve unique, excellent results (j in);


to be amazing, outstanding (j in s.th.)

s.th.),

jjb

with

foll.

verbal

noun:

VIII to invent, contrive, devise, think

to

do

s.th.

promptly,

without delay,
fall

hasten to do s.th.; to with


s.o.
(>_>),

upon

up
s.o ()
(i_>

(*

s.th.)

to regard as novel, as
(a
s.th.)

unprecedented
aecost, assail, surprise
s.th.;
e.g., Jk-li. ?'$->

with

j-ib

to
(Jl

9i bad' innovation, novelty; oreationj


\*y-j Uju bad* an

snap rudely at

s.o.); to react,

respond

wa-'audan repeatedly

.
bid* pl.

46

f-jj

f-l-ul

abd" innovator; new,


|

for s.th. s.th. eise); to


s.o.

compensate (**_>
()

original;
l bid'a

unprecedented, novel

f-U

for s.th. with s.th. eise), give s.o.

no wonderi jl f-Jj "^ l fttd'a an no wonder that . j- s-Jj B.th. eise than;
. .

s.th. (*) in

ezchange

for (j)

to change;

to be exchanged VI to ezchange (a s.th.,


also words,

unlike, different from


ijj

views, greetings)

to ex-

bf'a

pl.

p-b

Staa'

Innovation,

change, receive in ezchange, trade, barter


(t_>
t_j

novelty; heretical doctrine, heresy; pl.


creations (of fashion, of art)
|

and a
a
l-j

i_j

s.th.

for); to replace (a
(l-j

f-oJI

JaI

and
l-j

s.th. by), Substitute

a and

a&Z aZ-6. heretics


jj

for s.th. s.th. eise)


ftoaaJ
pl.

ftooT,

f-Jj

bud*

unprecedented,

Jjj

JUI

a&iJ

Substitute,

marveloua, wonderful, amazing, admirable, singular,

alternate, replacement ; equivalent,

comrec-

unique; creator

-j-lJI

1*

pensation,

setoff;

reimbursement,

*ilm aX-b.

tbe art or science of meta(in

ompense, allowance;

price, rate; (gram.)

phors and
**iii

general)
-Jljj

of good style

appositional Substantive standing for an-

other Substantive
badi'a pl.
badcii'*

t^l
i

Jjj b.al-jirya Joj


iil

an aston-

allowance

for

food ;

ishing,

amazing thing, a marvel, a wonder;

i _ri_Jl

b.

asJ-"j

aafaHya tra vel aUo wance ;


subscription
rate;
J/,-!<

_^i V '

original creation

J-u

expense

^.u
f-Jjl

badti rhetorical
abda" 3

account, expense allowance


Jjj badala (prep.) instead of,
of, in lien

more amazing, more ez-

place

ceptional; of even greater originality


f-l-ul

of

t&d' creation, fashioning, ehap-

jstead
ifjj

V->j

badalan min
of

in

place of,

in-

ing; a marveloua, unique achievement;

of, in lieu

uniqueness, aingularity, originality; Creative ability

badla

pl.

oooZf, Jjj
|

&2at
<J ju if Jj

su
al-

(of clothes);

costume

>^-l
<_r,
*J.u

o.

O^'JjI

ibd'i

romantic

(lit.)

hammm
(lit.)

bathing

Buit ;

(ras*

Ov-'JjI ibdaiya romanticism

miya) uniform; iJL^iS


full-dress

(taSriftiya)

uniform
compensation,

f-a mubdi' producing, creating; crea*Jjj

badaliya

trve; creator; ezceptional, unique, out-

smart

Btanding

(in

an achievement,

money
JIj

eap.

of
badala (prep.) instead
of,
L.

an

artist)
f--tu.

JIjj

(conj.) instead of {being, doing, etc.)

mvbtadi' innovator; creator; herJjJj

etio

badil pl. >V-u budal' 2 Substitute,

alternate

(^
|

or ,y for); Btand-in, double

JXj look up alphabetically


Jjj

(theat.);
(<~>

(f. :)

serving as a replacement or
iL.u

badala

to replace
(<~>

a B.th,

by),

Substitute

jyu (mafraza) reserve

ezchange
alter (a

* s.th. for) II to change,

detachment
JIj
l-b

(mil.)

a s.th. to), convert (a a s.th.


.->

baddai grocer; money-changer

into);

to Substitute (a for s.th.,

or

baddla

culvert

pipeline ;

tele-

j-

s.th.),

ezchange,

give

in

ezchange
(a s.th.)

phone ezchange, central

(a B.th.,

wor,}.
(^

for); to (a
*

change

III to

ezchange

with

b.o. B.th.)

IV to

JjL* TttobdiP see Jjj


taidCf change, alteration

replace

a s.th. by),

ezchange (^ a

JjJ-j

ihL. mvbdala
ijjljf

pl. -t

exchange oV.iL
|

hatan and UlaJb


ously
i^-Jj

all

by

itself,

spontane-

{tijriya)

commercial

exchange,

trade relatione
badiha
s.th.

sudden

or

unexinspi-

Jljjl

ibdl exchange, interchange, re(<_j

pected;

improvisation ;

impulse,

placement

by), Substitution

(_j

of);

ration, spontaneous intuition; intuitive

change; phonetic change


(Jo_j

understanding or insight, empathy, inshift,

tabaddul

change,

turn;

stinctive
i^-l
all

grasp, perceptive

faculty

J*
off-

transformation ; transmutation, con Version

by

itself,

spontaneously;

hand; i^-l
repartee;

j-^L*- quick- witted,

quick at

S^U-

^jj presence of

mind

(JiU
^"LJl

tabdul
(.

{mutual)

exchange
|

JiLj

as-aalm exchange of greet-

af

Jj

badihi

and ^Oj badahi

intuitive;

ings; jW^J-'l

JjU

thought transference,

self-evident ; a priori (adj.)

telepathy
JI-lL-I istxbdl

exchange, replacement,

Substitution
t}x>* mubdil: oLjI_jL-V J-L* m.al-ustw wandt automatio record changer

L^Aj badihiya pl. -t an axiom, a fundamental or self-evident truth; truism, commcmplace, platitude
*Ji Jj

bad'ih*

fundamental

or

seif-

evident truths
(jjj)
\jj

JjLi* mutabdal mutual, reciprocal


Jj

bad u to appear, show, become

baduna u and badana u to be


lent

evident, clear, piain or manifest,


fat,

come

corpu-

to light; to be obvious; to seem good,


acceptable, proper (J to
s.o.) III

to show,

jjj

badan

pl. jl-ul

abdn, Jo\ abdun

display, evince, manifest, reveal, declare

body, trank, torso


(J-U

openly

ij\xJL

^jL (*adwa) to show


disclose, reveal,

badani bodily, corporal, physicai,

open
fest,

hostility

IV to

manito

somatic
ljj
j-jXj

show, display, evince (*

s.th.);

demonstrate, bring out, bring to light,

badna corpulence, obeaity


badin
pl.
d>Jj

make
voice

visible {* s.th.); to express, utter,


(a
s.th.)
|

bvdun

stout, cor-

J\j

^^1

(ra'yah)

pulent, fat, obese


ijjjj
(1>jL

to express one's opinion about; Lij ^JjI


(ragbatan) to express a wish or desire

budna corpulence, obesity


bdin
pl.

V
Jj

=
j

I;

to live in the desert VI to pose as

bvdn stout, corpulent,

a Bedouin
-h

fat,

obese

badw desert nomads, Bedouins


;

Oj

badaha a to come, descend Buddenly

(*

upon

s.o.),

befall
( s.o.)

unexpectedly
with
s.th.

tjjjj
(

badawi Bedouin, nomadic; rural a Bed-

s.o.);

(as

to aurprise

distinguished from urban);

(^) III to

appear
before
porize,

ouin

suddenly,
s.o.

unexpectedly
s.th.)

with

(^ VIII to extem-

\j x> badawiya
Bedouin
luj

pl. -t

Bedouin woman,

improvise,

do offhand, on the
(* s.th.)

girl
pl.

spur of the
ifcioj

moment

badh

oljOj

badawt whim,

badha spontaneity, spontaneous

caprice; ill-humor
Sjluj

occurrence, impulse; simple, natural way,


naturalness, matter-of-factness ;i1oj bad-

badwa and bidtoa desert


life;

life,

Bedouin

Bedouinism, nomadism

JJb

48

l-U baida

desert, steppe, wilderness,

jli bidr seedtime

wild
IjuI

jXJ
ibd*

tabdlr waste, squandering, dissi-

expression,

manifestation,

pation
jJL.

declaration
jlj

mvbaddir

aquanderer,

wastrel,

fidm apparent, evident, obvious,

spendthrift
3Xj look

piain, visible; inhabiting the desert; pl.


*1 jj

budk Bedouins

up alphabetically
%

jaL bdiya desert, semidesert, steppe

Ji

badala

(badi) to give or

spend

frecly,

peasantry;

(pl.

s\j>

bouwdin) nomads,

generously (* s.th.); to sacrifice (* s.th.);


to

Qedouins
Iaj bidya

expend

(* s.th.)

to offer, grant ( * s.th.) to

X^r-

Ji

(jahdah)

take pains;

Ji
to

Sljb

ljj^do.;.uLn
(*),

jTji
itliJl

(Jeua

mumadatin)

6o^o- n {ba44) to get the better of


beat, surpass
( s.o.)

to grant every assistance;

^L-11 Ji
to obey
glin)

make
J_k-

efforte;

Ji

s.o.,

defer to s.o.;

i bad& and
shabby,
Sili
fitthy,

iL

bdd elovenly, untidy,

ij*^-J\j

JU JT Ji (Jeua JWI Ji to

and

spare no

squalid
Blovenliness,
filth

effort,

go to any length, give everything,

badda

untidiness,

ehabbiness, d^tineaa,

1i badaa a to

revile,

^.ij fautt'a a, (J* at s.o.); to be obscen* bawdy

abuse (J*

s.o.),

rail

ji

farfu'a

price for or in order to; Ji (maa uuihihi) to sacrifice one's honor; (O^ jp or) ~& ji <- Ji to sacrifice o.s. for s.o.; <*-j Ji (ivus'ah) to do one's utmoat, do one's best T to

pay any
<4*-j l.

fritter

away

one's

fortune,
o.s.

be

over-

*iSM

^4*

disgusting, loathsome, nause-

generous; to prostitute
display

(woman); to

oua, foul, dirty, obsoene,


*\X>

bawdy, ribald
obscenity,
;

bad*

and

!li

badaa

ribaldry, foulness (of language)

disguat,

common, vulgr manners VIII to in common service, make trite, vulgr, commonplaoe to hackney (*
wear out
,

loathing, aversion,

contempt

s.th.); to

abuse

(* s.th.); to express o.s.

in a vulgr

manner, use vulgr language


to degrade
o.a.,

^-i badaka a to be baughty, proud


i-i

4_j JJcjI

demean

o.e.,

badak

luxury,

pomp, splendor;

sacrifice one's dignity

haughtiness, pride
f*\i

Ji
j-Jl>.

badl

giving,

spending;

sacrifice,

bdik

pl.

bawdik*

high,

surrender,

abandonment;

expenditure;

lofty; proud,

haughty

offering, granting

jXt badara

{badr) to sow, disseminate (*

badia suit (of clothes)

B.th., seed,

also

fig.

= to

spread) II to

JJL. mibdal pl. JSL.


pl.

mabdiP

s lipper;

waste, squander, dissipate (* s.th.)


jii

JjL. casual clothing worn around


|

badr

pl.

jjii

budr,

jli

bidr

home

JSL.
life

O^U so-and-so in

his

seeds, seed; seedling; pl.

jji

private
pips, pits,

stones (of fruit)


ijXt
pit,

JlJbi

ibtidl

triteness,
;

commonness,

badra

(n. un.)

a seed, a grain; pip,


(fig.)

commonplaceness banality; debasement,


degradation

stone (of fruit); germ;

germ

cell (of

a development, and the

like)

JiL bd spender

49

je

JJLi*

mutabaddil vulgr,
trite,
;

common

outaide

l_^j \j barran wa-bahran by

Jo~* mvbtadal

hackneyed, banal,

land and sea


,jj barri terrestrial, land (adj.); wild
(of plante

common, vulgr
place (adj.)
x

e veryday ,

common-

and animals)

SJL \j IjL-

(aayyra, m'iya) amphibious vehicle

haira (Ist pera. perf. barirtu, barartu) a

(bin) to be reverent, dutiful, devoted;


to be kind
{

*lj

barrtya

pl.

^j j
I

barrly
x

open

or

i_>

to

s.o.);

to be chari-

country; steppe, desert; see also


<j\j

\j

table, beneficent,

do good

(_

to

s.o.);

to

barrni

outside, outer, exterior,

obey

s.o.,

esp.

God); to treat with


(_

external; foreign, alien


3

reverence, to honor

or

the parents};

to be honest, truthful; to be true, valid

burr wheat
bara'a a

(sworn Statement); to keep

(<_j

a promise,

l_r

anoath)

bar') to create (* s.th., said

II to

Warrant, justify, vindicate;

of God) *j bar* creation


*jj bariya pl.
-t, Ll_r

to acquit, absolve, exonerate, exculpate,


clear (a,

s.o., s.th.)

to justify o.s.
(* s.th., a
o.s.; to

<_> <^-j jj {wajhah) by IV to carry out, fulfill


|

bary creation

promise, an oath)

to justify

(=
alBO

that which
2
_r.

is

ereated); creature; Bee

be justified

birr reverence, piety; righteousness,


Z

^ jUl

tU-bri' the Creator

(God)

probity; godliness, devoutness; kindness;


charitable gift
\$J bari'a a (U\j bar'a) to be or
free,

become
guilt,

be cleared (j* from, esp. from


etc., Jl

barr

and jL brr

pl.

j\j\ abrr
(i_>

and

blame,
(j,-

toward

s.o.);

to recover

Ijj barara reverent, dutiful

toward),

from an

illness)

II

to free, clear,
( s.o.,

devoted (o to); pioua, godly, upright,


righteous; kind
*ji+

acquit, absolve, exculpate


suspicion, blame, guilt)
|

j- from
3*-U \j

J*-_^l

mabarra

pl.

-t

and jL. mabrr2


charitable

(shaia

r-rajul)

he acquitted the

man

good deed, act of


philanthropio
institution,

charity, benefaction;

IV to acquit, absolve, discharge, exculpate


( (*

Organization ;

s.o.); to
s.o.)
|

eause to recover, eure, heal


\j\

home

or hospital set

up with

4i-j

(dimmatah) to clear
guilt,

private funds

s.o.

or

o.s.

from

exonerate

s.o.

or

o.s.

V to

clear o.s. (j*


free o.s.

from suspicion,

j j

tabrlr justification, vindication

from a Charge),

(^ from

respon-

jL brr reverent,
see also under

faithful

and devoted;

sibility, etc.), rid o.s. (,y, of); to declare


o.s.

barr above

innocent,

wash one's hands (^

of);

to be acquitted

to restoro to health, to free o.a.

of the

Jjs* mabrr (accepted into the grace Lord, i.e.) blessed (said of a

eure, heal
rid o.s.
((>.

( s.o.);

(^

from),

of)

deceased person)
j
j >*
bur*

and *jj bur* convalescence,

mubarrir
a]
|

pl.
)}

-t

justification

recovery
*' pl- *L>y' abriy' 2 *\j , *<Sj & ar

excuse
fiable
%

jj*

(mubarrira) unjustibur',
bir'
free,

exempt (^ from), devoid


innocent
;

j barr land

(as

opposed to

sea), terra firma,

((>

of ) ;

guiltless,

guileless,

mainJand; open country; \j barran out,

harmless; healthy, sound

*Ji

50

*\j bar* free,

exempt (^ from)
is

*i
...

jj}\ al-barbar the Berbers

,> *'y (<Wmma*uA) he

innocent of

U\j bar'a being

free; disavowal, with-

tfjj barbari Berber (adj.); barbaric, uncivillzed (pl. j\j barbira) a


;

drawal; innocence, guiltlessness; naivete,


guilelessness, artlessness; (pl. -t) Ucense,

Berber; a barbarian
*ij

j barbariya barbar(ian)ism, barbar-

diploma, patent

fjj^-l 'y patent


>l^

on

ity,

savagery, cruelty

an invention; iJl

exequatur {a

written authorization of a consular officer,


issued
is

;>u
urAJ_r

muiabarbir barbaric, uncivilized

by the govemment to which he


b.

look up alphabetically

accredited) ; Jl l*\j
(dipl.)
;

ai-tiqa

(Tun.)
ijiuj

credentials

l*\j

J* harmless

barbU

(syr.)

tube (of a narghile, of an

without

guilt,

innocent

enema,
!nij

etc.)

4jj-3 tabri'a freeing,

exemption; acquit-

barbafa to splash, paddle,

dabble

(in

tal,

absolution, discharge, exoner&tion

water)
tjjij
(It.

TjL.

mubra'a mubarat, divorce by


wife,

barbone)

barbni, also bjtj


zool.)

red

mutual consent of husband and


either of

muilet (Mullus barbatus;


\jj see <tj

them waiving
(Isl.

all

claims

by way

of compensation

Law)

\j\ ibr' acquittal, abeolution, release;

ij~uj barbia barbel (zool.) JLJ_r burtugl Portugal

releaae of a debtor

from

his liabilities,

remifision of debt (Isl.

Law)

JUjj
*\jc^\ iatibrai J*A-I ljc-1 ist.

burtugli Portuguese

al-hamal

the ceremony of aelecting and purifying the Host before Mass (Copt.-Chr.)
j\j*r^ji

JUjy

burtuql, \Jj burtuqn orange

jUjy

burtuqli tlj\jj burtuqni orange,

baraguwy Paraguay

orange- colored

Jj jljJI al-bvrzxl Brazil

jj
braerl beer parlor,

buttun

pl. ij\j

bartin 9 claw, talon

V_r V to

display, show, play

up her charms

{Sf-^j

(Fr-

brasserie)

taproom
f\j Prague
a\j\j
l>l_r

(woman); to adorn
pretty (woman)
'ry. burj pl.

herseif,

make

herseif

^jj

burj, *^\j\
|

abrj tower;
*\^-\

(Fr. paravent)

baravn folding screen

Castle; sign of the zodiac

-rj

b.

al-hamm pigeon house,


bdrahm Brahma
Uli b.
4j

do vecot ;

r_j

al-miyh water tower


pl.

birba

and
back

ijj

birb

pl.

jl j

barbi
'i^-jL

brija

ancient Egyptian temple, temple ruins

rJji

bawrij3

warship,

battleship; brge

dating

to

ancient

Egypt

(eg.)

labyrinth,
jf-j

maze
f-\j

^j-U- jJl
barbik*

t_-jJ

lab

al-birjs

a kind of equestrian

contest, joust,

tournament

barhak

pl.

water pipe,
'^j-tft-jti

drain, culvert, sewer pipe

al-birjia

Jupiter (ostron.)

jj

barbara to babble noisily

(e.g.,

large

J-_f barjal pl. J-I_r barji compaas, (pair

orowd), jabber, mutter, prattle

of ) dividera

61

>j!

*+j burjuma
finger Joint

pl.

^\j

barjim*

knuckle,

ij bard coldness,

chilliness, coolness;

cooling; alleviation; cold, catarrh

^j- bariha

a (r\j barh) to leave (* or


Jl
for),

^&
on

ij

barad

hail,

~**j

barada

(n.

un.)

place,

depart (* from,
:

hailstone

Jl

one's

to be
Lii

way to); with neg. to continue (= Jlj) j rj l* he i still in ...; r; U (ganiyan) he U still rieh; rj
|
;

ijj bard collyrium


jjy burd coldness, coolness, chilliness;

emotional coldness, frigidity


ijj
liness ;
>-iJI

LU-'I

(Ipafa)

the matter haa come out,

has beoome generally known;


to

ryj
to

1j

burda coldness, coolness,


emotional
b.

chil|

come and go
molest

II

to
s.o.)

beset,
III

harass,

coldness,

frigidity

trouble,
(*

(<-

leave

lijj

ad-dam cold-bloodedness
chill;

place, Jl for), depart (* from, Jl

on

j-iy

bardiya ague, feverish

see

one's

way

to)

also below

-1y barh depart ure; oessation, stop;

*\)j burad** ague, feverish chill


*\j

a wide, empty tract of land, vast ezpanse,


vastness;

U-ly

barhan

openly

and

barrda

cold-storage plant;

re-

frigerator, icebox

plainly, patently
-b j

tabtid

cooling,

chilling ;

cold

j\J tabrih* agonies, torments


of longing, of passkm)

(e.g.,

storage,

rofrigeration ;
|

alloviation,

mitcold**jf-

igation

-^ll

jl+r

J^Az
;

at-t.

o-jL. mvbraha departure


-jLi

storage
i.e.)

plant,

refrigerator

-1>>JI

ffurfat at-t. cold-storage

room
chilly ;

brih (showing the left side,


inauspicious,
f\**)i

ill-boding,

ominous

(as

jjL

brid

cold ;

cool,
silly,

easy
dunce,

opposed to

^jUI al-brika yester-

weak; stupid, inane,


blockhead
|

dull;

day
o-jUl al-brikaia yesterday ^-jUl JJl
|

jU v>l
life;

(korb) the cold


jjIj

war; ojU i*-^ an easy prey;


f (

^*s.

(Zatioto)
l-b.

last

night;

o-jUl Jjl awwala

ai$)

an easy

ojIj <*: (hujja) a


(tibg) light,

weak

the day before yesterday, two daye

argument; jjL ;J
baeco

mild to-

ago

-JU

mu/wirrtA

violent,

intense,

ex-

*s* mvbarrid cooling, refreshing;


l

pl.

refreshments (beverages,

etc.)

cruciating, agonizing (esp., of pains)


i_A*
o_

mubarrad cooled, chilled


file (*

-ju mudarraA

&Ai stricken, afflicted,


2

tormented
l

*j barada u to

a piece of metal,

etc.)

jly barrd fitter (of machinery)

*j barada u to be or beoome cold; to cool,


cool off (also
chil)
fig.);

to

feel cold;

to cool,
(*

jly birda fitter's trade or

work

{*

s.th.);

to soothe,

alleviate

pain);
II

baruda u to be or become cold


make
cold (* s.th.); to refrigerate

*jly burda iron filings

to

*j^ mibrad

pl.

jjL. mabrid 1

file,

rasp

(* s.th.); to cool, chill (* s.th., also fig.);

j^

turd

pl.

*\j\ abrd

garment
outer garment

to soothe, alleviate (* pain)


o.a.,

to refresh

oool

o.s.

off;

to

be soothed, be
cold, cool off

lij burda

Mohammed 's

alleriated VIII to

become

oliy burdya curtain, drape

>j!

52

*ij-

IV to send by mail, to mail (* a


Ojj;

letter)

jjj

burz

prominence,

protection,

6arW post, mail

^^i-l

4j jO!

(jawui)

Protrusion

air

TTiail

j\j birz exorement, feoea; oompetition, oontest,

j4j^ &arid{ portal; messenger, oourier;

match

(in sporta)
eg.)

duel

mailman
*jjjb look up alphabetioally
*if*j
bardi, burdl
Sjjlt

~*jj

buraiza (birSza;

ten-piaater

coin

papyrus

(bot.)

tive;
Cj\j jjJI ]*

jj abraz 1 more marked, more more prominent


I

diatinc-

6ardlya

pl. -t

papyrus

jjL mubraza

competition, conteat,

't/m oJ-6.

papyrology
pl. Jj-ily

match, esp. in sporta; duel; fencing


jlj-1

3\j bardq

bardiq* jug, pitcher

ibrz
off,

bringing

out,

displaying,

setting
r->jOl i^J la' aJ-6.

accentuation ;

production;

bridge (game)

preaentation

jk^ bardaka to poliah, burnish (* a.th.)

Jjb

briz protruding,

projecting, sarelief;

lient; raised,

itiy
jl*i_r

embossed, in

marked,

Itiy

distinct,

oonspicuoua ;

prominent (Per-

sonality)
d\Jj

jjw

mubarriz

surpassihg

(J*

s.o.),

uSj/ bardaqS (= ^jii^) marjoram


jjjy {Fr.
ftorrfure)

bardra ourbstone, curb

superior (J* to s.o.); winner, victor contest)

(in

JjL mubriz competitor, contender;


4*i_r barda'a pl. ilj. ard^i* 1 saddle,

pack-

combatant, fighter; fencer


jr jr (Fr. priae) briz pl. -t (plug) socket, wall

aaddle (for donkeya and cameis)

^jlj- bar4i'i maker of donkey saddies, aaddler

plug, outlet (syr.);


bartfiz* do. (eg.)

\jj

bariza pl.

y\j

j'ij btrdaun pl.

^ily bardin* work

horae,

jade,
l

nag

*'jy) look

up

alphabetioally

j_r

baraza u to

oome

*\jj barazn trumpet


out, show, appear,

oome
j_r barzaip pl. jlj; barzik* interval, gap,

into view, emerge; to jut out, protrude,

stand out, be prominent (also

fig.);

to

break, partition, bar, obatruction; isth-

aurpaas, exoel (J s.o.) II to cause to oome out, bring out, expose, ahow, set
off,

mus
JjJ-r burzq sidewalk
1

accentuate {*
in),

a.th.);

to excel, surpaas
for),

(j J* B -o.
tinguish

stand out (j
by)
III

dia-

^U -r binm
f-iJ,
I

pleurisy

o.a.

(j

to

meet

in
i

combat or duel
oontest

( s.o.);

to compete in a

look

up

alphabetioally

with

s.o.)

IV to cause to come

'^j- birsim

olover, speoif., berseem,

Egyp-

out, bring out, expose,

make
out

manifest

tian olover (Trifolium alexandrinum L.;


bot.)

(* a.th.); to publish, bring


etc.);

(*

a book,
1

to present,

show

(m e.g.,

an identity iSJ buri


pl. jilyl

card)

to evacuate the bowel VI to vie,

abri

mat

oontend

J-j\ abraS* spotted, speckled

63

4J.
proficient
(u> s.th.);

<J>j

look up alphabetically
birUt:
c-Jj;

to oontribute, give, donate

to undertake (voluntary,
for),

cJ-j

^-L

(bai4)

soft-boiled
s.th.),

volunteer (^

be prepared,

eggs

willing (u> to

do

s.th.);

to be ready, be

4jJ.j bar&ilna Barcelona (seaport in


Spain)

NE

on hand

(u->

with)
skill,

lAj

bara'a

proficiency; efciency,

J.j barSama to stare, gaze (Jl at s.th.); to


rivet (> s.th.)
Ir'j
jLi_r

capability, capacity

\*jj buriia superior

skill,

outatanding

barSama riveting

proncienoy
un.
) pl.

burSm and

<jL5_r (n.

-t

fy

tabarrv'

pl.

-t

gift,

donation;

wafer; Host (Chr.)


<*\J>j

contribution
f-jU
ftrt'

burSma

skilIed,

skillful,

proficient,

rivet

capable, efficient; brilliant, outstanding

j\-*j burSmji riveter


l&jf'j burSamjiya riveting

(work of

art)

fj
1

bar'ama to bud, burgeon, sprout

Lr

*j

barifia

a (baraf) to be a leper

^j ^j ^j
amm
x

burp wall gecko (Tarentola

mau-

fj

bur'um

pl.

f\j

har'im*

and p*_r

bur'm

pl. plj-

or^Jm" bud, burgeon;

ritanica, zool.)

blossom, flower

barap leprosy abraf 2 leproua; leper


wall gecko
|

Ltjej burgl pl.i-*l_r 6argt/ B flea;pl. l~*\j

<i

^j\

*L-

(syr.)

small silver coins

^Jl t>jfij b. >

a.

al-bakr shrimp {zool.)

\^j

burpa stock exchange


baratfa

jii^ bargaS
Ji_r

(coli.; n.

un.

gnat(s), midge(s)

^j
j^j

{^jj

bur$) to germinate,

&uruZ cooked, parehed

and crushed

Bprout (plant)
barfz:
4j^*JI

wheat, served together with other food

j^j

b.

al-bahriya fore-

(eg., syr.)

castle,

crew quarters (on a merchant

J.j

vessel)

(Turk. J.JJ* bargi screw


birfir pl.

burfa)

brgt

pl.

J.\j

*Uy barpi'a (**bj

barfa'a) to galJop barfala) to bribe


( s.o.)

jij
ij

ji\j barfir* purple


alphabetically
glitter, aparkle, flash

JUy

barfaia

i*^j

j look up

II tabarfala

to take bribes, be venal

J-U_r birfil pl. JJ-ly barfiP bribe


1

^Sy baraqa u to shine,


IjJl

cjj-

(sam'u) there was lightning to

Ij- barpuna to rave, talk irrationally


>jlj-

IT

I;

emit

bolts

of lightning

ftur/m,

barfm

trank

of

an

(cloud); to flash up, Light up; to brighten


(face); to cable, wire, telegraph (Jl to)

elephant
2

uL^r barfamn

pl.

(*yr., e^.) talj

earthen

3j

barq

pl.

3jj burq
|

lightning; flash

of lightning; ielegraph
oil, eto.)

^_-U

or glase vesael (for preserres,

3j

(kvUab)
flg.,

lightning without a downpour, used


(also
e.g.,

fj

bara'a

a to surpass, excel

{ s.o.);

of

s.o.

given to making promises

baru'a u) to distinguish

o.s.,

be

skillful,

without ever living up to them

4J.

jy
Jj
cable

barqi

telegraphic,

telegraph-

(in

i!y

baraka u to kneel

down
kneel

II

and IV to
II

Compounds)
barqlya pl.
-t

make
telegram,
wire,

(* the camel)

down

to

Jis
dini)

bariq

pl.

jJlj[

bar'iq 2

invoke a blessing (J* or j on s.th., J on s.o.) III to bless (j or s.o., also J or J*), invoke a blessing on; to give
one's

glitter,

Messing

(*

to

s.th.),

sanction

hine, gloss, luster


lustered,

Jj*. jjy jj (ma'

(* s.th.)
(i_->

to be blessed (cj by); to enjoy


find pleasure,

coated

with

metallic

s.th.),

deHght

(i_j

in);

luster

to ask s.o. 'b (^>) blessing

VI to be blessed,
.

3\j

burq

Alborak,

name

of

the
bis

be praised
bless
. . .

... i]j\J

tabraka

. .

God

creature on which

Mohammed made

to be blessed
pl.

ascension to the seven heavens (r^j**)


3\j-

O
eibha

birka

i]j
|

biralc

pond, small
6.

barrq

shining,

lustrous,

epar-

lake; puddle,

pool

i-LJI T,

as-

kling, flashing, glittering, twinkling

swimming pool
pl. -t blessing,

3j* mabraq
/*

glitter, flash
|

^-Jl

3j<+

T/ baraka

benediction
|

m. %9-yubh with the

first

rays of the

o^JI

ii qillat

al-b.

misfortune, bad luck

raorning sun
fjj-l

abrak2 more blessed


tabrik pl. -t

jjU

brig:

J^VI

JjIj

6.

al-amal

glimpse of hope

dL^y
JjI^j

good wish;

blessing,

benediction

jU briqa
twinkle

pl.

baioriq 2 gleam,
iJjL.

mubrak

blessed, fortunate, lucky

Jj mubriq:
a

._Jtf

Jj

teletype

*ilijLr

barrlk 2 (mor.) barracks

jJl al-barga Cyrenaica (region of

E Ubya)

jtfj birkr compass, (pair of) dividera

jij) look up alphabetically look up alphabctically


(3-iiy

jlf/ burkn

pl. J-.S'ij

barkin 2 volcano

*3j^
|
i_"*/

JlT/ burknl volcanic


variegate,
colora
(*
i)\lj

barqasa

barqnSa) to

barlamn parliament
jU.^ barlamnl parhamentary
*-Jli j-

paint
s.th.);

or

daub

with

many

to embellish (* s.th.;

Jy one's

speech) II tabarqaSa reflex. and pass. of


(jtij-

barlamniya parliamentarianism
brillante)

birqis finch

Jlly

(It.

brillanti

brilliant,

dia-

<iij-

barqasa colorful raedley, variety,

mond
,>.Jy bariin

variegation

Berlin
to

J*^* mubarqai
many-colored

colorful,

vaxiegated,

mj

barima a (baram)
weary, tired
(i_j

be or become

of),

be fed up, be bored


(<->

>j barqa'a to

veil,

drape

(*,

s.o.,

s.th.)

(^

with), find annoying, weariaome

II tabarqa'a to

put on a

veil, veil o.a.

s.th.)

to feel
(<->

annoyed

(<->

by), be dis-

jj burqu'
;

pl.

-jly barqi'* veil

(worn

pleased

with); to be fed
tired
(<->

up (^

with),

by women long, leaving the eyes exposed)


3Jj barqq
(coli.;

be

sick

and

of, also j*); to

be

impatient, discontented, dissatisfied; to

n.un.

1}

plum

grieve, be pained

; ;

55

*j
gusted

barim weary, tired


(i_j

(_>

of), dis-

tijLj-

(Engl.)

barmnant permanent wave

at,

with);

dissatisfied,

dis-

jjUI J* <^*jL^ cold

wave

(in hair)

contented

j*j
aj tabarrum wearineas, boredom,
dia-

barmaq

pl.

j*\j

barmig 2

baluster;

spike (of a wheel}

guat; discontent, disaatisfaction; uneasinesa, discomfort,

annoyance

oLfty baramht the seventh month of the


Coptic calendar

^jc* mutabarrim croaa, peevish, vexed,

annoyed
2

tlc^s Birmingham

[j barama u (barm) to twist, twine (* a rope); to shape (* s.th.) rouild and long;
to
roll

a*yj barmda the eighth month of the Coptic


calendar
2 J-jy bar mil pl. J^ij- barmil barrel; keg, cask; tun

up

(*

the

sleeves)

to

settle,

establish, confirm (* B.th.)

IV to twist,
establish,
(*

twine

(a

a rope);

to

aettle,

confirm (* s.th.); to conclude

a pact);

4-jj

barniya

pl.

Jl^ barniy clay


pl.

vessel

to confirm

a judicial judgment); to
f\jj plan, achedule; roater,

ratify (* a treaty, a bill) VII to be aettled,

barnmaj

*ly barmij 2 program,


liat,

be established, be confirmed; to be

index; cur-

twisted, be twined
<*\j

riculum

barrma

pl. -at drilling

machine
twine

^\j~j
1
1

burunjuk gauze, crepe


burnua
pl.
^pjlj-

fj barim rope;
<t

tring, cord,

_r

J_r

barnis 2 (also
Lr-^j

^^y

fcam&s, &wrn

pl.

barnis 2 ) bur-

j barrima

pl. -at drill,

borer, gimlet,

noose,
(of

hooded cloak; caaula, chasuble


priesta)

auger, bit;

oorkscrew

Coptic

rW-

>jr>J.

6.

oZ-

*^ J barrimlya spirochete
ibrm
aettle ment,

hammm

bathrobe
pl.

*\j\

eatabliahment;

^'^
2
1

barniai

-iya

maker

of bur-

confirmation; concluaion (of a pact, etc.);


ratification
|

Aj^j

<J

*jd\

<* mahkamat

wn-naqd
rjjv>

wa-l-t.

Court of Cassation (Eg.)


3

_r

Ji^l JL.

j'i&J

al-barnt the Pyrenees

mdbrm:

+jj*

ti

(silk)

wire

_r

Jy

ftrins

prince

rope, cable
jm

i-jj-Jy brinsesa princesa


firm, strong; irrevocable,

mubram

iajy II tabarnafa to

wear a hat
pl.
-(,

definitely
fied
|

established;

confirmed,

rati-

ajv Lii (gada) inescapable fate;

Jy burnaita

JaJ'j'

&arnif a

itjw j>^j irrevocably


2 ~<tj

(European) hat (men'a and women's)

lamp ahade
burma
pl. *

j buram, a\j birm earthen*j burha


pl.

ware pot
Lj*

buraht, j burah a while, a

time

ahort

time

instant,

moment
|

burm Burmo
barm'i amphibious
|

<aj burhatan a
(after

little

while

^p^j

-Uj

two moments =)

in a ahort

time

<jL/

<J\+j LLj

(dabo

bba) amphibious tank (mil.)

barJtam (syr.)

*j* wtarAam

O V-j

barm'iya amphibian

jPj bardhman

pl. 5**lj-

barhima Brahman

66

<~**j barahmiya

Brahmanism

take in hand (J
(J),

B.th.), set

out to do

s.th.

enter,

embark

j_r

barhana to prove, demonstrate (J* or

(J upon);

to break

forth (j* from); to get going; to break

'er s-th.)

out, let
pl.

fly,

explode (with words, esp.

jUj- burhn

J*\j

barhin* proof

in anger or excitement)
,jj baran dust, earth
*i)j

Uy barhana

proving, demonstration

jj barwa waste, scrap


JJU-Jjjbrotostanti Protestant; (pl. -n)

barrya, j^j^l

i,\j

b.

al-aqlm

pencil Bharpener

a
l\j* mibrh pocketknife

Protestant
iJb-Jjj
brotostantiya

IjL*

Protestantism
test,
bill

mubrdh

pl. C-L jL*

mubrayt con(in

tournament, matoh

games and

jjjj

(It.

proUsto) brotost protest (of a

sports); competition, rivalry


jLi
:

of exchange)

Lj-jL

,_^ill

Jtfrl

a'fi

l-qausa

UU

6^yjj
yjj

brotokl protoeol

riyahd give the

bow
it,

to h\n\

who knows

how
brOtOn proton

to shape

i.e.,

always ask an

e xpert
jLi* mviabrin partieipant in a oontest, contestant,

f\j*rjJ brogrm

program
trumpeter, bugler

contender; competitor,

tjrjj buTji

pl. -fya

rival

jjj barwaza to frame


*\>_j

see

Aj and lj

jljj- barwz,

binoz

pl.

jj\j barwiz*
ILjj> barifniy, birifdniy Britain,
^Ji-Jl

frame

ULLy

(vzm) Great Britain


barifani, birifdnl British; Bri-

^jj

(It.

Pruseia) bursiy Prusaia

jU^j>

^jj
**jj
test,

bursi Praasian
(It.

tannio
pl. -dt
l

and 43jj

prova) brva, brfa

bazza

u (bau)
*

to take away, steal, wrest,

experiment; proof sheet; rehearsal


bronze
|

snateh (*
(*

from

s.o.

s.th.),

rob, strip

jjj

(Fr-) bronz

s.o.

of s.th.); to defeat, beat, out(*

atrip,

excel
(.

s.o.),

triumph, be vic-

tS'jjj

bronzi bronze, bronzy

^ J

toriouB
pilfer

over) Till to take away, steal,


s.th.);

tfyjjJI ('*) the Bronze


l

Age
s.th.),

(*

to take away, snateh


s.o.);

tSJ,

bar

(&wy) to trim, shape (*

nib

(a

money, J* from
|

to rob, fleece
lift

(* a pen),
off,

sharpen (* a pencil); to Scratch

( s.o.)

^Ul

i}\j*\

jl to

money out
people
of

scrape off (* s.th.); to exhaust, tire


( b.o.),

of people's
their

pookets,

relieve

out, wear out, emaciate, enervate

money
ibtixdz
s.o.)

sap the strength of


pete
(

()

III to vie,

com-

Jljl

theft,

robbery; fleecing,

with
vie,

s.o.),

try to outatrip

( s.o.)

robbing (of

VI to

compete, contend, be rivals;

to meet in a conteet, try each other's


strength (esp. in games

bazza

u to

bud, burgeon

and

Sporte)

TU to

buzz, bizz pl. jlj. bizz, Jl>l abz&z

be trimmed, be nibbed, be sharpened;


to defy, oppose (J s.o.); to undertake,

nipple,

mammilla

(of the female breast);

teat, female breast

57

>

bazz

pl. jj'j

busz linen; cloth, dry gooda

jU

fiztn

pl.

1_>

buiA,

Jl^j

bawzin, jl>j

*j bizza clothing, clothes, attire; uni-

tfzn falcon
^pj fco

form

*^"j *j (rasmlya) uniform

and

i-j !>(M5a

pl.

^Lj

fiws cat

jl> bazzz draper, oloth merohant


j\j bizza cloth trade

Lj

6o*o*a a (.^-j
(i_j

6cm')

to treat amicably

s.o.);
(<_

to be intimate, be on familir
with)

terms

jy y
t

bazbz
*

pl.

>jl> bazbiz 2 nozzle, spout


UjIjLj besrbiy Bessarabia

j'j bazara

(bazr) to

sow
seed(s); pl. jljrl

j'j bizr pl.

jjj buzr

^L-J

basbs, 1-L-j basbsa (eg.)

mace

(fio(.);

abzr

andy jUI
At'zra

abzir* spiee

(wiojf.) fennel

j>

(n. un.)

seed;

kernet, pip,

4~>~-j
flour,

6<m6i

(,)

paatry

made of
oil

pit, stone (of fruit);


jl_>

germ

melted butter, sugar and

bazzr seedsman
(6o(.)
1

(Fr.) baaiiliya pastilles, lozenges

j'j buzaira pl. -t epore

U-j bustn

pl. (>jL_j

6a*7tn a garden

fy bazaga u to break dawn (day) to rise


;

forth,

oome out; to

Jli-j tuaint gardener; garden (adj.);

(sun)

horticultural

fj'j

buzg

appearance,

emergence
a

oL-j ftaatana gardening, horticulture


jji-j (Fr.
pl.
j)t(OTt)

rise (of the eun)

feiat,

,>t (Engl.) bistan

3j

bazaqa u (bazq) to spit


Jlj-

^.Ij bastin 2 piston

buzq Bpit,

spittle, saliva

J>i-J

(It.

bastone)

bastni spades (suit of

**!> bazzqa snail; cobra

playing cards)
*-j fttwia Easter;

>*

771162050 pl.

JjL> maMzt^9 spittoon,

Passion

Week

(Cr.)

cuspidor
x

j_j ftoaaro
(bazl)

Jy

bazala
(m

to eplit (* s.th.); to pierce a hole (* in); to tap,

basara u

(j_y-> busr) to scowl, frwn;


(basr)

and VIII to begin too

s.th.),

make

early (* with), take prmature action,

broach

(* s.th.;
s.o.;

a cask); to puneture,
filter

be rash (* in

s.th.)
")

tap

med.); to clear,

(*

j~i buar (n. un.

pl. jL-j biar

unripe

liquid)
J_> bazl puneture, tapping, paracenteeis

dates

j_^U bsr
rhoids

pl.

j^jt baw&ii2 hemor-

(med.)
Jlj- buzl

bung
pl.

(of a cask)
i*-j

basafa
(*

(bas})

to spread, spread out

J>*

mibzal

JjL*

mabzil*

spile,

s.th.);

to level, flatten (* s.th.); to


(* s.th.); to tretch out,

pigot, tap; cock, faucet


a

enlarge,

expand
;

>

(It.

j)weW) bizia
pl.

and

V_>

green peaa

extend

(* s.th.)

to unfold, unroll (*

s.th.)

to grant, offer, present (* s.th.); to sub-

rj\ ibzim

fjLl abzim* buckle, clasp

mit, state, set forth, expound, explain


(* s.th.,

Cjjaj bizml bismuth


Jsijr bizanfi

J or Jp to

s.o.);

to flog
(

(* s.o.;
|

Nejd); to please, delight

s.o.)

U,-;

Byzantine

4-*-lji

(diraaihi) to spread

one's arms;

58

J 4*111

-b

(yada l-mus'ada) to exs.o.;


x'Lii

simple souls, ingenuous people


|

^ aJl

Lj_j

tend a helping hand to


to lay the table;

1^-'

6.

al-yadain

(pl.

busuf)

generous,

basuta

u (>Lj ba*

openhanded

efa) to be simple, openhearted, frank,

iLJl

al-basita the

earth, the world

candid II to spread, spread out, extend,

expand
a.th.);

(*

s.th.);

to

level,

flatten

JJL-J bas'ifi
(*

elements;

simple rem-

to simplify,

make simple
with
s.o.

(* s.th.)

edies, medicinal plants; basic facts

III to set forth, State,

expound, explain;

LLj basta simplicity, plainncss

to be sincere
s.th.),

(<_*

about or in
to s.o. s.th.)

confess frankly

O
L

&j-*\ ubsta

pl.

L--U

absit* rim,

(<_j

felly (of

a wheel)
absaf 2 simpler; wider,

to be spread, be unrolled, be spread

out,

be

extended ;

to

speak at great

jl

more ex-

length (J about), enlarge (j on), treat


exhaustively,

tensive

expound

in

detail

(j

L~-u

tab3lt simplification
(n. vic. 3)

theme); to be friendly, communicative,


sociable,

IfUI inbimt
tenaiveness,

behave

extensity, ex-

unceremoniously,
|

be

extension ;

completely at eaae
talk
freely,

ijoA-l

expansion,

l-;' to

ex-

without

panse; joy, delight, happiness, gaiety,


cheerfulness
tL-L

formality
(intr.);

VII

to

spread, extend,

expand

to be glad,

be delighted, be or become happy


.L-j
rolling,

<Lp 'adcda bsita extensor

(aTiaf.)

basf

extension,

spreading,

un-

J-ji*

mabsf extended, outstretched

unfolding;

presentation,

State-

spread out; extensive, large, sizeable;


detailed,

ment, explanation, exposition; cheering,


delighting, delectation;

elaborate

(book);
well, in

cheerful,

amusement;
|

(Eg.)
6.

happy, gay; feeling


(tun.)
)
'

good health;

numerator (of a fraction)

oJI

L-j

well-to-do
muTibasit extending, spreading;

al-yad avarice, greed, cupidity


ik-j basfa extension, extent, expanae;
size,

>

gay, happy, cheerful; level surface

magnitude;
excess,

skill,

capability, abili(pl. -t)

ties;

abundance;

State-

ment, exposition, presentation;


JL_j biaf)

<vL-> (Turk.) basturma a kind of jerked, salted meat (eg.)


jji-JI al-buajr the Bosporus

(pl.

landing (of a staircase); es(eg.)

trade, dais, platform

J-j basaqa u (3j-i busq) to be high,


absifa,
lofty, towering;
U.--;

tall,

iL_j

bisf

pl.

-t,
|

Ik-jl

to excel, surpasa

or

busuf oarpet,

mg

ii^JI

JL_j 6.

ar-rahma

>

s.o.)

winding sheet, shroud;


ti^-Jl JL_j

iJt-. (*-ij or) -.j*

J-Li bsiq high, tall, lofty, towering

J* (masalaian, bht) to raise a question, bring a question on the carpet,


also liibll JL_i

Jt.
cJX-j
O^S.j

mubaiq high,

tall, lofty,

towering

J*

(6.

-munqaSa)

for dis-

(Fr. bicyclette) biskilet, baskilet bicycle


(It. fciseoo) ftasikt

cussionjv
ter

^J to bring the matto an end, settle it once and for all


i1
Jl

biscuit

-Lj
piain,

ljjX-j baskawit
baeif
pl.

biscuit

Lk_j
;

busaf' 2

simple;

uncomplicated

slight, little,

modIL-j

basula

(ilL_>

6aadZa)

to

be brave,

est, inconsiderable, trivial, trifling; i-Jl

feariess, intrepid

to scowl, glower

to

name

of a

poetical

meter;

pl.

be reckless, defy death

JLj baala courage, intrepidity

propagate, preach

{*->

s.th.;

a religion,
to

JLc*l wtibsl death defiance


J-L hbtt
pl.

a doctrine)
feauxJ-

<~>

*j

(na/*Afl)

indulge in the

}U 6iwaW", JJ^

rej oice

(at

happy hope that ... IV to good news) X to rej oioe


(o* at s.th., eap.
(i~>

eiP brave, fearless, intrepid


mustabsil death-defying, heroio

be delighted, be happy
at

good news], welcome


to regard s.th.

s.th.);
**

to

takeasa good omen (y s.th.) \\j****Lj bisilla peas


(kairan)
as

j^r-*\

auspicious

_j 6aama
i*_j
|.L_j

(feum),

V and

VIII to smile

jJa bi&r joy


ji_ bvJtr

boma

pl. ftasanuli

smile

glad tidings

baum
mo6*m

smiling
pl. .-

^_^j

bwbr glad tidings, good


biSra pl.
-i,

newB good

*etc.)

L* TTwisim'

mouth

lj\Jj>

J\t bai'ir*

mouthpiece, holder

(for cigars, cigarettes,

news, glad tidings; annunciation, prophecy; gospel;


j-'Lij

good omens, propitious

fljl

ibtism and

(n. vic.)

ol_il

pl.

signa

*jLiJla-p 'ld al-b. the Annunciation,

f smile

the
to
il

Day

of

Our Lady

(Chr.)

J...

>

IxMmaZa

utter

the

invocation

j
glad

baixr pl. Ajli bu$ar&* bringer of


tidings,

p*.J\ j*-J\

*-J

"In the name of God,

messenger,

herald,

har-

the Benificent, the Merciful"

binger, forerunner, precursor; evangelist


(Chr.)

iLj baamaia utterance of the above


invocation; the invocation itself
ix-j buaaina kitty

jiiw

tabHr

announcement

(of

glad

tidings) ; preaching of the Gospel ; evangelization, misaionary activity

^jJj^j ^j
baSJSa

pnkolji paychologic(al)

tSs^ tabri misaionary

{bau-,

lij

feztla) to display

/U
omens,
(flg.);

tab&lr1 foretokens, prognostics,


first

friendly, cheerful,

happy mien;
s.o.),

to smile;
s.o.

signs or indications, heralds

to be friendly (J to

give

(J)

beginnings,

a smile
J.jLi_

al-fajr the first

dawn j**JI _r-^ ' shimmer of aurora, the


|

baSSy

J\>

baiSi

smiling,

first

glimpse of

dawn
pl.

friendly, cheerful

_r

tx

muba&Sir

-n announcer, mes-

Lij baSSa smile; happy mien


^ilj

senger (of glad tidings) ; evangelist {Chr.);


preacher; misaionary (Chr.)

biS smiling, happy; friendly, kind


cheerful ^ lr .- mtutabSir happy,
,

C~1j buSt (Nejd, Bahr., Ir.) a kind of claak,

mLc

'ab'a

^
woolen cloak worn by

baSara u to peel (* s.th.); to scrape

off,

shave

off,

Bcratch off (* s.th.); to grate,


s.th.)
III

cJL> bi&ta (eg.)

shred (*

to touch
(*

(*

s.th.),

Egyptian peasants
1

be in direct contact
to attend, apply

with
(

s.th.);

to

Ja balara

i,

ba&ira a to rejoice, be delighted,


(<-*

have sexual intercourse


o.s.

with
<~>

s.o. )

be happy
(as

at s.th.) II to announce
_*

(* or

to s.th.).

good news;
(.-> *

to

s.o.

s.th.);

to

take up, take in hand, pursue, practice,


carry out (*
s.th.,

bring news

to

s.o.

of s.th.) ; to spread.

a job, a taak,

etc.)

60

jti baiar

man, human being; men,

ijj&Li baSkr
iron

pl.

j*T Ltj baSHr2 poker,

fire

nd
iSjM
baSari

human

human
&jti

being
der-

j^j

fcoSfcir pl.

j*TUj AoASAr" towel

epidermal, skin (adj.)

^xX

ma tologiat
\fti
ticle;

<LLj (It.) btiia pl. -dJ bacillus

baSara outer skin, epidermis, ouskin; complexion

JLj

baiima a (ba&am) to
disgusted {j.

feel

nauseated, be

by

s.th.),

be fed
sicken,

up

(,>

~*ijii

baiariya mankind,

human

race

with)
(. s.o.)

IV to nauseate,

disgust

j-t*

mib&ara

pl. ji-

L. mabt* soraper,
jti

grater

basam

surfeit,

satiety,

Ioathing,

disgust

jJL* mubSara pursuit, practioe;


reot,

di-

phyaical

cause

(Isl.

Law)

mvb

jUJLj baSmr (tun.) lacework, trimmings


t$j*Ltj

saratan immediately, directly

ba&miri (tun.) laceworker, lace-

jjtxt

mabSr

*jj2j*

*~r

(jvbna)

maker
J*i> bahnaq lipper (worn by fuqaha

shredded cheese
j-iL. mubfir pl. -n direct,

and

immediate
i-ij

women)
ba&na (magr.) Sorghum, millet

practitioner, pursuer, Operator; director

manager

(Eg.);

court usher (Syr.)


J

(mii.)

approx.: staff sergeant (Eg. 1939)

crJUj beJana tbe ninth

month of

the Coptic

jJL* j indirect; ^L. oLU*l


direct hita

(ibt)

calendar
jLLi

baSnqa

pl.

JJUj

baSnxq 7

kerchief

^ij^Jj baSarS flamingo


*1j ba'a a

tied

under the chin

(pal.)

(UUj
to

basa'a) to be ugly, loath-

Cr~> baSnin lotus


(Jj

some

II

make

ugly, disfigure, distort

(* a.th.); to disparage,

run down (*

baspa

(bafis,

^.^j

6a^{^)

to glow,

s.th.)

sparkle, glitter, shine;

to regard aa ugly, find ugly or re(* s.th.)

(eg.)

u to look

pugnant
*j

i^u
offensive,

fro^^a

embers
glow, shine; glimpee, ray

baii"

ugly;

disgusting,

^^
(e.g.,

fta^ij

distasteful,

repugnant ; unpleasant
offensive, diBgusting,

of hope); lustrous, shining


basas lustrous, shining;
(eg.)

*-1j bau' ugly;


distasteful,
i*-Lij

^Laj

repugnant; unpleasant
;

spy, detective

bai&a ugliness
9

u^ ^ basbasa

(<~*i basbasa) to

wag

{*Jj

6t-^ana/)t'At its tail); (eg.) to ogle,

*1jI abSa'

uglier;

more repulsire

make

sheep's eyes, cast amorous glances


*i*~*i

\pL
**j
dilt

look up alphabetic&lly
(eg.;

baska see o-j


basira a (basar) to look, see; to

Turk.
lie,

baska;

invar.)

different

*j ftapura u,

Yin
iJLtj

to

prevaricate

realize,
(*_j

understand, comprehend, grasp


to

s.th.) II

make
(* or

(* s.o.)
<~>

see,

under-

baSSk bar
deoeit, trickery

stand or realize (* or
(

s.th.),

make

ilLLjjl ttitfc lie,

s.o.)

aware

*-

of s.th.); to en-

61

lighten (*

or

<->

s.o.
>

on or as to

s.th.);

perspicacious, sharp-witted;

SjwJl

ili

to

teil,

inform
(*,

(j>

or

b.o.

about)
out,
*

naf&al.-b. sharp discemment, perspicaoity

IV to see
behold,

* s.o.,

s.th.); to

make

perceive,

discern,
(*,

notice

(*,

a.o. , B.th.), Bet

eyes on

), catch aight
* s.o.

r*jl

abpar*

more discerning
enlightenment; Instruc-

of

(*, );

to recognize (*,
on),

s.th.); to

y^J

ta&psra

reflect

(<->

ponder

(<->

B.tli.)

to

tion, Information

look (a

at),

regard (*

s.th.); to reflect

y^3
ity

tabawur

reflection, consideration;

(j on

s.th.),

ponder

(j

s.th.)

to

penetration, clear-sightedneBS, perspicao-

have the faculty of visual perception,


be
able
to see; to

be endowed with
reasonable,
s.th.),

jJ^
: *

bptra pl. j**\j* bawfyir* eye

reaaon,

be

rational,

in-

telligent; to reflect

(j on

ponder

jMaJl al-bafra Basra (port in to spit (J*


(n.

S Iraq)

s.th.)

j^u bapaqa u
j~mi bofar pl. jU-l abpr vision, eye-

on

s.o.)

sight; glance, look; insight; Bight, dis-

uu;

6o^N/a

vic.)

ezpectoration

cernment, perception
sighted,

j-*Jl j-*i short|

(expectorated) spit, spittle, saliva

myopic;

j-JI

gl

lamh

al-b.

JU
_*

bvfq spit,

spittle, saliva

glance of the eye; j-Jl d?, y-*JI ~i

j,

mi&paga spittoon, ouspidor


#)

s*J\

jJ.

ji (dna), ^-Jl

gL

>
^mi

Jil

j
J-aj ba^aZ (coli.; n. un. jUJI

(aqaa) in the twinkling of an eye, in

onion(s); bulb(s)

a moment, in a

flaah, instantly;

^J<I

j~*J\ (mad) within sight;

J* he

J^u

6. al-fa*r

sea onion (Scilla venia)

knowledgeable

in,

he

is

familir with

J^
iL--

bo^oZi

bulbous
pl.
-dt,

buiaita
r

j*ill

*L-~i

tSj~*i bapart optic(al), visual,

oculax

6.

a$-8a r bulb of the hair (anot.)


print, imprint (*

oUyuu

bapriyt optica

_*j

bapama u (bapm) to
s.th.);

*jL- ba$ra perception, discemment;


perspicaoity,

to

stamp

(* B.th.);

to make, or

acuteness

of

the

mind,

leave,

an imprint
pl.

(* on)

sharp-wittedness

3j bapma
&UjWfd ,a endowed
(<->

ba^xmSX imprint, im-

jw

6ojrtr

pl. Ij^

pression
print,
lj~*i

&

<*-j 6. ai-fcaim

stamp imfingerprint

with eyesight; aeutely aware


having insight
(.->

of),

stamp;

>.LVl

**J

into) ; possesaing knowl-

ba&va embers
ba44 tender-akinned
bafa'a a (baf) to cut, alaah or
slit

edge

or

understanding

(^
in),

of),

disLft

ceming, discriminating, vereed, knowledgeable,


(_^

profioient

(.->

acquainted
**)

open

with

s.th.)
6a<i**r*

(* s.th.); to out up, carve up, disseot,


pl.
j-*L*

i>) &o0tra

(keen)

anatomize
II

?.th.); to

amputate

(surg.)

insight, penetration,

discemment, under-

to cut up, oarve up, disseot, anatoIII

standing, (power of) mental perception,

mize

to sleep

(l>

with a woman)

mental vision

Jjwl

deliberately,

IT to invest capital
commeroial enterprise
trade; to ahop,

(*) profitably in

knowingly; j- jw J* OK" to have insight into s.th., be informed about


s.th.; ijwaJ! iL discerning, clear-sighted,

pass. of II; to

make purchases X to

trade

-j ba4*
*_j

amputation
pl.

Jd

bvf

slowness,

tardiness

.Lj

bf (commonly, with genit.


*jkj

slowly, leisurely, unhurriedly


>J*j
bafi' pl. *LLj bif'

of

f.

nouns,
;

with genit.

pl.

of m.

slow, unhurried;

nouna

in classical

Arabic
(

*-j

with both

slowgoing, slow-footed, slow-paced; tar-

genders) some, a few, several


**^L)
fti^'a

dy, late; sluggish, lazy; slow, gradual,


piece
(of

pl.

<u^j

bja'

imperceptible

O "j*"
(el.)
|

,^j

b.

at-taraddud

meat); meat; see also &nf above


*_j
(

of low frequency

6ud' vulva
bid'a pl.
suLaj ba4'i' a goods,

lU
i.e.,

abfa'*

slower

CJi

v l^

j.

tL>t

(gurbi nh) tardier than Noah's raven,

Lj
which

slower than a ten years* itch (prob.o.

merchandise, wares, commodities ; that


s.o.

verbially of
LLjI

who

is

very tardy)

has to

offer,

which he haa to
is

show, with which he


attributes, qualities)
|

endowed
he

(also

ibf'

slowing down, retardation,

i*LiJI jLLi freight

deceleration, reduction of speed; tarry ing, delay; slowness


|

train;

U-L-u

*xp

r-j*-'

aaid

\L>\

Ojj without

what he had intended to say

delay

Ju
f-Lj!

mibtfa' pl. f-^L. mai^t' 1 dissect-

jLLj

tabj,u

Blowness;

slowing down,

ing knife, Bcalpel

retardation
for the
;

&#f mandate
affairs
(Ial.

manage

*jjU*j baltriya pl. -t

battery

(el.

and

mil.)

ment of
in

Law)

partnership
ILLUj

a limited Company, capital Investment

baff, Uj baffa

sweet potato,

yam

uu
(com.)

mub4i'

pl.

-n limited partner

^-i-Uoj

batia potatoea

*LL>

866 jLj

^JLX>*<

mtutabtfi'

manager, managing
J*J*j

agent

{Isl.

Law)
jJaj
)

bafbafa (LJj bafbafa) to

quaok (duck)

Sa
t

batf

(n.
|

un.

duck;

iL;

batfa

leather

bafaha a (bafh) to prostrate lay low,


feil,

flask

JUI <L
u
to

calf (of the leg)


(*,
.

throw to the ground, throw down


b.o., s.th.)

V and VII
lie

to be prosprostrate,

ti

bafu'a
baf'a)

(.Uj

bw}',

IU

bi',

*Uj

trated,

be laid low; to

be

slow ;

to

be

slowgoing,

sprawl, stretch out; to eztend, stretch;

slow-footed, slow-paced; to tarry, linger,


wait, heeitate II to retard, slow

to

lie

down,

^Ll
wadi

abfafy 9 flat, level;

(pl.

gkll ab*

delay, hold

up (^ Je
to
;

b.o. in s.th.)

IV to

fih 2 ) hasin-shaped Valley,

wide bed of a

slow down, decelerate, retard, delay, hold

up

(a

s.th.);

he slow, go or drive
to be late (je for s.th.,
(je-)

slowly, slow

down

Uio bafh'*
bafhwt

pl.

c \Ut

bifJk,

oIjULj
piain,
(tun.)

basin -shaped

in meeting s.o.), keep s.o.

waiting
level land, flatland,

valley ;

V to be

slow, tardy

open oountry;

in)

VI to be slow,
publio Square

leisurely,

unhurried; to go, drive, act or

proceed slowly, leisurely; to he slowgoing, slow-footed, slow-paced; to slow

U-Lj bafiha

pl.

lU ba'ih 2 wide bed

of a stream or wadi; a stagnant, shallow

down

to find slow (*,

* s.o.,

s.th.); to

and broad hody of water


^LkU munbafih proatrate;
level land, piain
flat,

have to wait a long time


be kept waiting
(

for s.o.),

level;

by

s.o.)

>
jj bitfik, battik (n. un.
;)

melon, watersyr.)

0^>*^'
6.

i*LLtJ

food ration card;

jLaLI SjILj

melon; bafk hub

(of

a wheel;

al-mu'yada greeting card

oJo~> mabtaku melon patch


1

JLj bafala

u (b, ^Lt
null,

bufln) to be or
faJse,

JLi

ba^ira

(bafar)

to be wild,

wanton,
dis-

become
tenable,

void,
futile,

invalid,

un-

recklesa; to

be proud, vain; to be
with
s.th.);

vain,
fall

wortbJess;
disuse,

to be

contented
{* s.th.)

(*

to disregard

abolished,

into

become

IV to make reckless

obsolete ; to cease, stop, be discontinued


to be inactive,

be oat of work II to

^Lj bafar wantonness, cockiness, arro-

thwart, fo, frustrate,

make

ineffective,

gance, hubris, pride, vanity

counteract, neutralize, nullify, invalidate

S^U
2

abfira

(pl.)

bona vivants, play-

(*

s.th.);

to

abolish,

cancel,

annul,

boys, epicures
\JtJ\ al-bafr*

suppreas (* s.th.) IV
prattle ;

II; to talk idly,

to paralyze,
{*

immobiliae,

hold

Petra (ancient city of Edomin

ites

and Nabataeans; ruins now

SW

down, pin down

the Opponent)
futility,

Jordan)
j-jL batrak
pl. j-jlia bafirik*

JLj butl nullity; uselessness,


vanity; fabity, falsenees, untruth

roe (of

fish)

LL

bitla

and

bafla

idleness,

in-

^J*i bulnts Peter


J~i_^j ba^raSil

activity; free time, time off, holidays,

vacations;

unemploymeat

and jj& &afraJinstole(CAr.)


jUa baffl pl. -an idle, inactive; un-

jtjii bifriq pl. jliu bafriqa, ,jfej^ 6afdrig a

employed, out of work


'^ki bufln nullity ; usetessneas, futHy,

patrician ;
(zool.)

Romaean

general ;

pengum

vanity; falsity, untruth; invalidity


<t\ij*i

iJjLj

bafralc,

ba}rik r ilj-_^J bapriyurk

jLLj-i

ibfl

th-warting, frnstration, in-

pl.

jLL barika Patriarch (aa an eecle-

validatiora; ruin, destruction; abolition,

siastic title, Chr.)

cancellation

-S^Lj

bafrakiya,

<Sj^*

bafriyarkiya

JtL

bfil

nugatory, vain,

futile; false,

Patriarchate (Chr.)

untrue;
attack with violence;
He,

absurd,

groundleas,

baselesB;

jAv

bafaa

worthless; invalid, null, void; deception,


(batS) to

to bear

down

falsehood;

on,
(o

fall

upon

JLUL and

*&{,

bfitan
abfil 9

s.o. (<-

or j);
(l_>

to knock out
s.th.),

falsely; futely, in vain; pl.

s.o.); to

hit, strike
(l_>

J-LU

land with a thud


6a(i

vanitres, trivialities, trifles, flimflam, idle

on)
talk, prattle

,jiJai

etrength,
valor,

power,

force,

JL-. mubfil prattler,


violence;

windbag

liar

courage,

bravery;

o-p-

pression, tyranny

JL-. mubtal nugatory, futile, vain

<tLi batSa impact


z

Jk^
bat'iq2
slip

mulabatt unemployed
(Jlk; batla,
-J_jlj

LL

bifqa pl.

-t,

jILLj

(of

JLj ba^ula u

butla) to be

paper), tag; Card, calling Card; ticket; label


|

brave, be heroic, be a hero

jijjJl

**Uaj

calling card; i__*V LLj

JLj batal

pl. Jlk)l abfl

brave, heroic;

(iJtfijKi)

and

Juj*dl

identity card;
at-gitf'iya,

hero; champion, pioneer; hero, protagonist


(of

i-j'iiW ji^il 4*U*> b.

al-mawd

a narrative,

etc.),

lead, star

Jh
(of
b,

64

a play); champion

(athlet.)

JUll JLj

<Ui

bifna

gluttony ;

overeating,

in*

al-'lam world

champion

digestion
LLj

Lj bafala heroine (of a narrative),


female lead, etar (of a play);

bifn pl. <Ui\ abfina girth (of a

woman

camel)
JILj

champion

(athlet.)

bifna pl.

JLLj

bat'in*

inside.

JLU bafla bravery, valor, heroiam

inner side; lining (of a garment); retinue,


suite,

entourage

iJlLj

j among,
bifn

amidst;

iljW

ftu/Ja

bravery, valor, heroiam;

within
j^Lj

Ieading role, starring role (theater, film);


bafin
pl.

LLj
fat,

and

0U>-*

championship

(athlet.)

J.UII

J^LJI

rnibfn

paunchy,

corpulent, stout;

fdtamya)

and

JUll

J^Wi

6.

al-'lam

gluttonous

world championship (afWef.); ^J^LJl jj^


the part or role of the hero, Ieading role

^Li bvfain
anal.)

ventricle

(of the

heart;

<J LLj

baflisa Ptolemies

oILj baftniya
{bot.)

pl.

-at,

^\U>

baffin 2

i bnfm, bufum terebinth


1

cover; hlanket; quilt


jLU

bfin

pl.

jjl[>j

bawfin*

inner,

)U> t

bafana

(bafn,

^kj

fo^Gn)

to

be

hidden, concealed, to hide;


(oILj fco/fto) to
(a a

bafuna u
II to line

interior,

inward, inmost, intrinsic ; hidden,

secret; iiUUI coastal piain of


L-UL*

E Oman;
|

be paunchy

bfinan inwardly, secretly

<_ijl

jLL
6.

garment,
(_

<_j

a s.th. with); to cover


6. al-kaff

palm of the hand;

p-JI

jLL

the inside
fill

* of s.th. with), hang, face,

al-qadam sole of the foot; j-^l jLU


at bottom, after
all,

(uj * s.th.

with) IV to hide, conceal,

really;

harbor
lining
(a

(a s.th.)

to be lined, have a
to

J*

i\

jWjj the

factors, circumstances or reasons at the

(garment) ;

penetrate,

delve

bottom of

s.th.;

^j^l

jtljj

b.

al-ard

into),

become absorbed, engrossed


to penetrate, delve (a into),
(a

(a in)

the secret depths of the earth


J\*l> bfini

become absorbed, engrossed


get to the

in);

to

internal
|

^LL ^ij* (marad)


i_JJl {/*"&&)

try to fathom (a s.th.); to fathom (a


s.th.),

internal disease;

^tUl

internal

bottom of

(a); to
s.th.),

have

medicine
*-JUl al-bfiniya

profound knowledge (* of
thoroughly,
jkj ba\n
belly,

know

name

of a school of

know
pl.

inside out (a s.th.)

thought

in

Islam,

characterized

by

j^ai

bvfn,

jU
j

abfun

divining a hidden, secret meaning in the

stomach, abdomen;

womb;

revealed texts
interior,

inside, inner portion;


b.

depth

p-UJI

al-qadam sole of the foot; <J&5\

J& jU b.
and
<jLj

jL-* Tnabfn affected with a gastric or


intestinal ailment

al-kaff

palm of the hand; J*J\


midst

iJ

aij

jli^ mvbaitan lined; fiDed (^> with)

il^LJi ,j-*ij

raq$ al-b. belly dance;

(bafni) in, within, in the

of; ojhi

j j

*>

II (tun.)

to

fll (a s.th.)

inside, within, in; l.u-lj Uk> j-j (waladat

ULi

(Span, batdn) bfn fulling mill

she gave birth only once;


zahrin) upside

j^i

LJ*>

(H1JLi

down

bfiya pl. ^\ji bawfin pitcher, jug

jLi bafni ventral, abdominal

bazza

to spout, gush out, well out

jU

bafin

paunchy

Jui bazr pl. jjai buzr clitoris (anat.)

65

mu
ii-*>

bu'bu* pl. aiUj ba'bi'* bugaboo,

bogey

ii-*Li

b&it

pl. it*\ji

baw'ip incentive,

inducement, motive, Bpur, reason, cause,


6a ato a
(Jl (Jl
f

(6a'Z)

to send, send out, dispatoh or s.th. to); to forward


(*_

ocoasion

u or a, u or a

i s.o.

B.th. to); to delegate

or

mab't

dispatohed,

delegated

Jl s.o. to) ; to

emit

(t_*

or * B.th.) ; to evoke,
(* B.th.); to

envoy, delegate; reprsentative, deputy


(in

arouse, call forth,


stir

awaken

the Ottoman Empire)

up, provoke, bring on (* s.th.); to

i-o-u

munba'ot source, point of origin


{ij***

revive, resuscitate (* s.th.); to resurreot


( s.o.,

Ojil j* from death); to inoite,

u ba'jara

ba'tara)

to scatter, strew

induce (J* to s.th.), instigate (J* s.th.); to cause (J* s.th.; e.g., aatonishment)
Jt^J-'l

around,fling about (*s.th.); to disarrange,

throw into disorder


waste, dissipate {*
jvKf

(* s.th.)

to squander,

Ja

Jl

vi-*>

(haxzai

ai-ffauf)

to

s.th.) II taba'tara pass.

Bcare the wits out of s.o.;

j ILA-I
life

^jj xLm
j

muba'tar scattered, widespread

(rha l-kayh) to breathe or


s.o.,

into s.th.

revive s.th. VII to be sent out,

ba'aja

(ba'j)

to

slit

open

(* the belly);

be emitted, be dispatohed, be delegated;


to be triggered, be oaused, be provoked; to be resurrected

to groove, dent, notch (* s.th.) VII to

have indantations or notches


brutsed, dented,

to

be

to originate (j*

(oJJ j* from death); in), come (j* from), be


proceed,

bumpy; to get battered

caused (j* by); to emanate (fragrance);


to
arise,

m^ munba'ij notched, indented


1

spring,

develop

(j-

ba'uda u (bu'd) to be distant, far away,


fax off; to

from),
s.th.

grow out of
foll.

(J*) ; to set

out to do

keep away, keep one's distance

(with

imperf.)

VIII to send,

dispatch
vio

( s.o.)

go far beyond (je-), ezceed by far ( j s.th.) to be remote, improbable,


(jp from); to
;

ba't

sending out, emission, dis-

unlikely
I

fr

*i

**!

ne

^P*

*"

a^ay
...

patching, delegation, etc.; resurrection


pl.

from;
II
|

jl .Uj

it is

not unlikely that

ij*i bu'$ delegations, deputations


<->J*-

to remove

s.o.);

to banish, exile, to
|

*i-*Jl

A*2 al-b. approz.


political

Renaissance

expatriate
aration
tfJI

( s.o.)

III

cause a Sep-

Party,
socialist

party
ti-*Jl

with

strong

(,>

between)
s.o.

^i

Jo

-i*L

tendencies ;

Day

of

Resurrection {from the dead)


iij

yj *o prevent s.th.; 4JU*-I ju J#\i


wide-eyed
take

from attaining
to stare
s.th.);

(ajfnihi)
(*

IV to remove

to

&a'to pl. ba'att delegation, deputa-

tion,

mission;

expedition;

student ez-

away (* s.th.); to eliminate (* s.th.), do away with (*); to send away, HiRmfra
(

ohange;

group of exchange Btudents;


rise
|

s.o.);

to expatriate, banish, exile

revival, rebirth, renaissance,

*i*j

b.o.);

to ezclude,

make

unlikely, improb-

*ij$L^. {'aakanya) military mission;

ii*j

able, impossible (* s.th.); to


far

go or move

1-L_Jj.s diplomatic mission; *jj\

*i*j

(ata-

away; to go very

fax (J in or with
lie

Ttya) arohaeological expedition; ii*Jt ,j-uj


ra'ls al-b. chief of mission (dipl.)

s.th.)

VI to be separated,

apart,

lie

at

some distance from one another

ij*L 6<Ta Easter

(CAr.)

to separate, part Company, become es-

tranged; to

move away, go away,

with-

j.^ mab'at sending, forwarding, dis-

patch ;

emission ;

awakening,

arousal;

draw, depart (j* from); to keep away, keep one's distance (je from); to quit,
leave, avoid (j* s.th.) ; to follow in regulr

(pl. tts-L*

mab&if) cause;

factor

intervals VIII to

move

or go

away; to
out of

consistent (j with)

Xju ,y from afar,


l* faA<2)

keep away, withdraw


leave, avoid
(,y.

(,y.

from) ; to quit,

from a distance; Xju Xj*


time ago;
ing
_r

a long

a.th.); to leave

^1 Xju

6.

al-atar of far-reach-

consideration, disregard (,y


single out, set

B.th.)

to

consequence;

^jlill

Xju

remote in

aside (* s.th.); to think


B.th.); to

time, going
jbjl
ilill
6. 6.
o_*j
6. 6.

way back

in history, ancient;

remote, farfetched (*

regard as
( s.o.)

as-Sa'w high-minded,
aS-Siqqa far apart;

bold;
Xju

unlikely (* a.th.); to diBqualify

Xju

j_>ill

Xu bu'd remoteness, farness;


ab'd)

(pl. jLjI

al-gaur deep; unfathomable; jxll Xju

distance
[

dimension

interval

al-mad long - distance, long -rnge;


^IkJI

(mus.)

Xu J* and xJI J* in the distance,

extensive, far-reaching;

Xju

6.
->

an. ;

far off;

jU

& Xu J* at a distance of 100


je.

nazar farsighted; farseeing; JL.I


6.

meters; Xu

and Xu J* from a distance,


ji three-dimensional

al-manl hardly attainable, hard to

from afar;
jUt^l
<

il*jl *j"^J

get at; Ixju _^j to go far away, go to


distant lands ; Xju Jf aJ to look off into

>'^*

giya al-a. linear

measure;

UAl

Xu

6.

al-himma high

aspirations,
6.

the distance
x^u bu'aida (prep.) shortly after, soon
after

loftiness of purpose; iJl

Xu

aS-Hqqa

wide interval,
OjS-jS

wide gap;

C-i-JI

Xu

6.

renown, fame, celebrity; Cjj-d\ Xu

Xu

ab' ad2

pl.

0* L

ab'id2

farther,

6.

ap-paut do.; ^kJl

Xu

6.

an-Tiazar farIxu

remoter, more distant; more extensive;


less

sightednesa, foresight; J

bu'dan

li

likely,

more improbable;
|

pl.

OpLI

away with

. .

ofc'ti 2

very distant relatives

Xu^l ^iJl

Xu ba'du then, thereupon; afterwards,


later, after that, in

(Axrj) the

Far East; Xu^l the absent one


s.o.

the folkrwing;

still,

(used as a polite periphrasis for


is

who

yet
I

Xu

|fj

afterwards, later; Xu Li see


is

being criticized or blamed for s.th.;

L*I;

j^jf Xu j* he
Btill

only a small boy,

also

when

referring to the Ist

and 2nd

he

young; Xu

ot

(yati)

he

persons)
4jjUjI

hasn't

come yet
(prep.) after; in addition to,
| . .

db'diya

pl.

-t

country estate

Xo ba'^

beside; aside from


nt'Ai)
iiJ]

jf*

Xu

(W
later

XjtJ tab'td banishment

jUj bi'd distance


eXt-L.

aside from the fact that he is...;

Xu

afterwards ,

after

that,

mubaada sowing

of dissension,

(on); besides,

moreover; iJ Xu besides, Xu
a'ffa

estrangement, alienation
jljul

moreover;
il

an

(conj.)

after;

ib'd removal,

Separation, Isola-

Xu

(id),

4jL-

*Xu

L Xu and L. Xu U 4jL- (aafakun)

,y (fca'di) do.; the height of

tion;

elimination; expatriation, banish-

ment, deportation
X^Lj tab'ud interdistance ;

stupidity

mutual

es-

JJxu ba'da'idin then, thereafter, there-

trangement

upon, after that, afterwards


O-aj
fco'* pl.

Xw

mub'ad deported; deportee


|

Ixu
r

bu'ad' z , Xu w'uti,
OpIju mutab' id separate
(fatart)

jlxu bu'dn, jUj &t i distant, far away,


far
(,y.

x>Uit

ol jU j

from); remote, outlying, out-offar-reaching,

in

wide

intervals;

oljt

the-way;

extensive;

far-

,^1 j- 4*Lu (zaman) at infrequent


vals,

inter-

fetehed, improbable, unlikely; strnge,

unusual,
in-

from time to time


mustab'ad improbable, unlikely

odd,

queer;

incompatible,

J~
l

j*t ba'r, ba'ar

droppings, dng (of animals)


j*LI

iu

bagta

surprising

event, surprise;
all

bagtatan, ijj
jsaj ba'lr pl. lj*i\ ab'ira, \j*i bu'rn,

Je

'al

bagtatin

of a

ab'ii2 , if jl*j ba'rin 7

sudden, suddenly, surprisingly


i.L.

oamel
mubgata Budden
arrival,
;

sur-

jj*j ba'zaqa (*ju ba'zaqa) to scatter,


sipate, equander, waste (* s.th.)

difl-

prising ineident or event, surprise

sudden

attack, raid
tiLu

Jj*^ mubaziq squanderer, spendthrifb,


wastrel

bugt
see
II

pl.

Lj bigtn small birds

jIj

oili-jj

ijiuo

II to divide into parte or portions (*

s.th.)

V to be

divided, be divisible

jJj

tabagdada to swagger, throw one's


fresh

jj
few; a

ba'd part, portion; one; some, a


little

weight around, be

(properly,

to

of,

some of

^Lll

^m

b.

behave
iljju

like

one from Baghdad)

al-'vlam' one (or some) of the echolara;

bagdd1 Baghdad
bagddi
pl. -n,

u^* jy ff**> li*ij (ra/a'n) we have exalted some of them above the others;
j*-*^
I

ijjI-Uj

.ubu bagSdida

,^JI

(^Jl some Bome, a few


j--**j

a native of
1
1

Baghdad

others;

Lm

one another, each

_J

i*j

bagaSa a: #^Jl c~j (md'u) there was

other, mutually, recrprocally ;

^^u j

uiu

a light shower
<Lit bagSa light rain
2

one

in the

other, within

one another;

^1

j4j ba'da S-Sai* to


little,

some extent,

shower

somewhat, a
(ba'qUi l-m.)

rather; Uj'Uil

^^ <LfU

<Lia

bugSa
(e^.)

iijj

he resembled him somewhat,


8

to

some extent; ^Jwtj

oy

ii* (gar)

Lu

bugSa etuffed pastry

made of

for the last

hundred years and more


)

flour, eggs

and butter
baguda u {bugd,
i^ilij

ij*j*j bcCd (n.un.

gnafcs,

mosquitoes

iJ

ii bagida a,

bagda)

j^LaJ
tioning

tab'id

division,

partition, por-

to be hated, hateful, odious II to


( s.o.)

make

hateful (Jl to s.o.) III to loathe,

detest, hate ( s.o.)

IV to

loathe, detest,

0&u

bu'kka club, Bociety

hate

( s.o.)

VI to hate each other

J*i ba'l the

god Baal; land or plante thriv;

ing
J_j*j

on natural water supply


bul,
*lj*u

u^j bugd, <^j bigda hatred, hate


(j^-ij

and

Liij bagd'*

(pl.

bu'vla) lord;

husband

bagtd hateful, odious (Jl to

s.o.),

'Am ba'la wife

loathsome, abominable
,_

^u
iLLo

ba'li

unirrigated (land, plants)

rpLj tabgud

mutual hatred
hateful, odious

fjsji?*

mabgd detested,
pl.

ba'labakk 2
in

Baalbek (ancient Heliop-

olis, village

Lebanon)
*ik>

c^r mubgid

-n hater;

mvb*

gad detested, hateful, odious


C-u bagata a (bagt r
expectedly,
bagta) to

come un(

descend unawares

upon

bogt

pl.

JUj

bigl,

JLl

abgl

mulo;
|

s.o.) III do.; to surprise ( s.o.)

VII to be

iL bagla pl. bagalt female

mule

Jbu

taten by surprise; to be taken aback,


be aghast, be nonplused

lj~\ b. al-ganfara the piers of the bridge

JUj baggl

pl.

-n mule driver, muleteer

68

bag

i (Lo

bug*) to seek, desire, covet,


s.th.),

jLi baqbq garrulous, loquacious; chatterbox, prattler


ii^JL baqbqa blister (of the skin)

seek to attain (*
(A

wiah for

s.th.

).

(bagy) to wrong, treat unjustly

oppress (J s.o.), oommit (J# s.o.); to outrage (J upon); to whore, fornicate

t+u bxtqja pl.

pi

(wgaj bndle, pack, pack-

VII jJu

it

is

desirable, necessary;
it

it is

age
,j-jj-j

proper, appropriate, seemly;


be, Bhould be;

ought to
baqdnis, baqdnas parsley

with J:

it

behooves him,

with 4_U: he muet, he should, he ought


to
(*

Ju

baqara u to split open, rip open, cut open


(a s.th.)

VUI
to
J

to seek, desire (*

s.th.),

aspire

IV do.

s.th.), strive (* for)

Jkt baqar (coli.) bovines, cattle; n. un.

bagy infringement, outrage,

injus-

Ijli

baqara

pl. -t

cow
cow(in

tice,

wrong
tfjh baqari bovine, cattle-,

Jo

bagiy

pl.

LUj bagy whore, pros-

Compounds)
jL baqqr
pl.

titute

cowhand, cowboy
(bot.)

l_i*

bugya objeot of desire; wiah, debugyata (prep.) with the aim


of,

sire;

^J baqs box, boxwood

for the

purpose of

oL-Ju buqsumt rusk, Zwieback; biscuit


Ui big' proatitution U
effort

bugS

wiah(ing), desire, endeavor,

\ h buqSa

Yemenite oopper coin


pl.

*/; baqHS
mabgan
pl.

^^ili 603J1 present of


baksheesh
s.th.)

jl

L* mabgin brothel

money;
<Ju II

tip, gratuity,

f L* mabin wishes, desires

coreted things, desiderata,

to spot, stain, smudge (*


stained,

to

become
wiah; ibtig&a (prep.)

get

smudged; to be

Uiil ibtiga* desire,

spotted, Btained
AtJu

for the

purpose of
buq*a
pl.

Ju

buqa

r
,

fli

biqa
Spot',

f L bgin
eting,

pl.

l\*t

buQh desiring, oovoutrages,

spot, blot,
aite;

smudge, stain; place,

striving;

committing

plot, patch, lot

oppressive, unjust; oppresBor, tyrant

jul abqa* 1 spotted, speckled


JZ;*

mvbiogan aspired goal; aspiration,


endeavor, effort

desire,

UiL bqVa
shrewd fellow

pl.

g\jt

bawqi'* sly dog,

ou

bafta oalioo, Indian cotton cloth

Ji
jIij bifUk beefsteak
ji

baqala

(baql) to

eprout (plant)

baqq

(n.

un.

!)

bedbug, chinoh

jJI
|

i_^

(coli.; n. un. 3) pl. J> fcwtfJ, Jj 604I JU>1 agdi herbs, potherbs, greens, her-

elm

{bot.)

baceous plante;

specif.,

legumes

<L-*JJI

jj fagga u

(tag?) to give off in

abundanoe

UUI
UuJ1

the Leguminosae ; jjUI iUJl hyaiUJl *UJl


(6of.);

cinth bean (Dolichos lablab L.);


i3Lu baqqq garrulous, loquacious ; chat-

(hamqS)
({ZoAo6ij/o)

purslane

(bot.)

terbox t prattler

i_kjl

garden

orach

jJ baqbaqa (Ju 6056040) to

gurgle, bubble,

JU^IUM
6.

celandine

(6o(.);

4JLLI

ili

splutter, purl (water); to chatter, prattle

al-malih

common

fumitory

(bot.)

&
JUj baqql
pl. -n,

Uli baqqla green-

li ibqa continuation, retention ; mainI

grocer; grocer

tenance, conservation, preservation |lii <-L oJS"


Status
L.

Uli

6*<7<iJa

the grocery business

J*

ifU-l

maintenance of the

quo
I

j^J baqlwa, \j$m a kind of Turkish delight,

U-Jk

istibqa

continuation, retention;

paatry

made

of puff paate with

maintenance, conservation, preserration

honey and almonds or pistachios j


j
Li

bqin

staying ;

remaining

left

baqqam brazilwood
baqiya a (li
baq')

remainder
to remain,
atay,

{arh.); lasting,

continuing,

permanent, unending; sorviving; living


Ji

on; everlaating, eternal (God)

il>LtUi

continue to be (J* in a State or condition); to keep up, maintain (J* a state


or condition); to be over; to
laat,
left

oU-LJI the good works


jjl*

behind, be left
foll.

mutabaqqin residue, remnant,

re-

continue, go on; (with

mainder, rest

imperf. or part.) to continue to

do

s.th.,

iL

be (Eg. pronunciation) pl. tl>j^j bakawl,

kcep doing

s.th.

to

become

Sil

j^
II

^\jr bahawt bey


ijj^j bekawtya
baki'
little,

(title

of courtesy;

cf.

{yabqa fiflan) he

is

no longer a child

to

loave, leave over, leave behind {* s.th.)

IV

to

make

rank of a bey
having or giving

a.o.)

stay;

to

retain,

leave unchanged, leave aa

it is,

preserve,

pl.

cnj

btk'

maintain, keep up (*

s.th.);

to leave,

sparing

(e.g.,

of words)
(zool.)

leave over, leave behind (* s.th.,

a.o.);

to leave untouched, save, apare (J* s.o., s.th., e.g., s.o.'s life) V to remain, stay,

j>-Kj biksin becassine, snipe


LtjjJt^j (Fr.

baccalaur&U) baJclriy baooa-

continue to be ( J* in a State or condition)


to be
left,

laureate, bachelor'a degree

be

left

over

to

make
(

stay,

^^jjjJcnj
aak to stay, hold back, detain
to spare, save, protect preserve
(* s.th.);
( s.o.,

baklSriys bachelor (aca-

s.o.);

demic degree)

* s.th.); to

to retain,

keep {*

^LS

(Turk. binbafi) bimbix, bikbii major

s.th.); to stre,
4~j

put away

(* s.th.)

{mit; formerly, Eg.)

baqiya

pl.

[Am baqy remainder,


residue
|

cSj

II

to censure, blame

( s.o.)

rest

remnant,

Jj-Ot

iJL

b.

ad-duwal the remaining countries, the


rest of the countries ;

sj tabkit blame, reproach

j^M\ remorse
i$j&l bakteri
bacterial, caused

vM'

V"-" (Jbqiya)

the last remnant


LL baq' remaining, staying, lingering,

by

bacteria

Lijc^h baktiriy bacteria

abiding; continuation, continuance, duration ;


istence
life;

j bakara u to set out early in the morning, get

survival,
after life;

continuation

of ex-

up

early; to

come
do.;

early (Jl to), be

immortality, eternal
early
|

existence;

permanence

UJI

jb

(Jl at) II
foll.

_^ and

<-

_^

with

the hereafter

verbal noun: to do s.th. early,


its

prematurely, ahead of

time

III to

be

JA abq more

lasting,

more durable,

ahead
(.

of

s.o.

(),

anticipate,

forestall
first

more permanent; better preserving; conducive to longer wear, better protecting

s.o.)

IV

I;

VIII to be the
first

to

take (*

s.th.),

be the

to erabark (*

.
on
s.th.); to

70

deflower <U a

girl);

to in-

^j

abkar 2 rising earlier

vent

(m B.tb.); to create, originate, start

joX-. mibkr precocious

(* s.th.)

jKsil
jSCj

ibtikr

pl.

-<

novelty,

inno-

bakr

pl. jSCjI

afcar, 0'lj&

fraifcr

vation; creation; invention; origination,


first

young camel
_^j WJfcrpL J&l
firstling
;

production;

initiative;

creativity,

afeifcr

fkafc-bom, eklest

originality; pl.

oljOol

specif,, creations

lmprecedented,

novel,

new

of fashion, fashion deBigns


Jf\i bkir early; premature;
I_^"Ij

virgin; virginal

b*
|

tijSsj

bikri firBt-boro,

first

kiran

in

the

morning
(jSaftA)
tili

early

(adv.)

<i_^j bilcriya primogeniture _^j fcaira


-( reel;

jfUl
fcafcar,

*-LaJl

early in the morn-

and bakara pL _^j


b.

ing; jfl Jl
jJ*Ij

tomorrow
jflj*

puBey (mecA.);
f

spool, coil; winch,

ftib'ro

pi.

bawkir3

first-

windlasB

S_^j .L*- fca#


,,-jI

thread

lioge,

first

produce, early fruits, early


pl. first

^j bakra:
Aim,
-pjl

3_^j

SjS

j*

J* 'oZ fcajfero* oSand *t*^j J* all


of them,
^-T-^" tne
all

vegetables;

indications or

Symp-

toms, heralds, harbingers

without exception,
gether; Lr'^j j

all

to-

^L* mubakkir

doing early; early; 1^^*


in the

J*W
man

erwd

mubakkiran early

morning, early

went forth

as

one

jSo-. mubtakir creator; creative; Inven-

_^j bukra

pL _^j
kt

ftutor early

morning
to-

tar;

mvbtakar newly created, novel,


(pl. -t)

bukratan

early

the

morning;

new, original;

creation, specif.,
f

morrow

on the foUowing day, next day


early; early,

fashion creation, invention


(taub) original design,

j=r*

*-*>*

j&j balir coming


mature; precocious
j_>SCj

pr-

model. dress crea-

tion

bakr and jjf^i bakr coming


early,

r_&

bofkraj pl.

rj&*

bakrij* kettle, coffee

early;

premature; preeocious
earliness,
|

pot

jjS^* bttkr

prematureneas,

premature arrival

Jj*il

tjj* fowi)
JSCj

my

early retura

II

to buckle,

buckle up, button up

jKj bakra virginity


jISsj

(* s.th.); to fold, cross (* the

arms)
-t

bakkdra puUey

(meeA.)

jS^j

iJSCj

bukla pL JCj

bukal,

buckle

*-5^-

(mwrafcfcaia)

set of pulleys, block

and

tackle

4^Ci

(It.

baceald) bakalh codfish

jjSj &jfcra

and

j_>5o ftufoirfya pri-

^JiJj^i
gree)

bakalriys bachelor (academic de-

mogeniture
jjflj fctra pl. jS"^j>
fcawJJfcw3 first-

bakima a to be dumb;

baknma u

lings; first results, first fruits;


rise,

beginnmg,
initial,

to be silent, hold one's tongne IV to


silence ( s.o.)

dawn; (with

foll.

genit.)

to

become

silent; to be-

early, first; pl. jS"\jt first signs or indi-

come dumb
5^ bakam dumbness

cations; initial

Symptoms;
TljiJl

heralds, har-

bingers
*JI>I

(fig.)

hjfk
first

early fruit;

yjTU

IT the

thing he did

fA
buibn

abkam*,

f.

li

&afcmd' a ,

pl.

dumb

71

&
JJ-j

ol^So and

j_>S

see

<il>

tabattul moistneBS,

dampness, hu-

midity

J bak
(J#

i (tj

buk',

ZwJfean)

to cry,

weep
JjL. mabll,
tau moist,
3

over);

to bemoan, lament,
( for) II

bewail

JJL* mubalial, Jx.

mvb*

{* s.o.), ( s.o.)

mourn
cry

and IV to make
( s.o.)

damp, wet
bille):

to

move

to teara,

Ji

bil

(from Fr.

make

( s.o.)

cry

^f

(harrt)

ball bearing

fo

bakk'

given

to

weeping

fre-$j

see

a i_-<

quently,

tearful,,

lachrymose
al-mabk the Wailing
t>j^j,
^t-j "ylj

A\ UUWall
(in

h'if

bltln, pltin

platinum

Jerusalem)

j7^
S-J'lj

(Fr. plage) bli

beach

bkiya pl. i^j bawkin wainghired mourner;


StSvj

woman,
i!Li

(eg.)

arch, arcade

^sr^i balagr pellagra


^j"^; balraj stork

bJcin pl.

bukah weeping, cry-

ing; weeper, waer,

mourner
tears,

dLi-"^ (Fr.
>*$j

plastiqtte) blstlk plastic

iL. mubkin, mubakkin causing


tearful; sad, lamentable, deplorable

see

Jail

j^SC bikln Peking


1

ii^j

(Engl, plug) spark plug

(ir.)

Jj bat (also

with

foll.

u>a-)

nay,

^j, il^ see jL


rather.
. .

(and) even; but, however, yet


8

_LiJ.j

balbala to gurgle
balbala to
disquiet,

Jj

balla

(ball)
*

to moisten, wet,

make wet

(*s.th.,

s.o.);

)Jj t

make uneasy

or

balla

to recover (^Zj* j*

restive, stir up, rouse, disturb, trouble,

from an

illness) II

to moisten, wet,

make

confuse

( s.o., * s.th.) II

tabalbala to feel

wet

(* s.th.,

s.o.)

IV to recover

(^Zj* j*

uneasy, be anxious; to be or become confused, get all

from an

illness)

V and

VIII to be mois-

mixed up
pl.

tened, be wetted; to become wet

1LL balbala
Jj ball moistening, wetting;
Jj
bill

Jj^j

balbil 2 anxiety,

moisture
re-

uneasiness,

concem; confusion, muddle,

recovery,

convalescence,

jumble, chaos

cuperation
IL iL
billa

JLL
moisture,

balbl anxiety, uneasiness,


balbil 2 anxieties,

concem

humidity

ilj

,>U!

zda

f-fina

billatan
. .

U what

Jj^j
J_Lj
l

apprehensions
confusion
|

tabalbul
t.

muddle,

made
JL

things even worse


balal

iiJ*^i jJji
(at

al-alsina confusion oftongues

moisture,

humidity; moist2

the tower of Babel)


pl. Jj
-

ness, dampness, wetness


JJLi

bulbul balaja

balbil 2 nightingale

JJL

balll

a moist, cool wind


,Jj

(t-jJj

bulj) to shine; to
;

dawn

ALL

ballla (eg.)

dish

made

of stewed

(morning, aurora)

balija

(balaj) to

maize and sugar

be happy, be glad
lighted
(*>

(i-j

about), be de-

J^l

ibll

recovery, convalescence, re-

at)

IV to shine (sun) V and

cuperation

VII

= balaja

rJjl

ablaf gay, serene, bright, clear,


beautiful

baisam
(j*Lj

pl.

-.^ baldsim 2 baisam, balm

fair, nice,

6abam{ balsamic, balmy

jpJiW

p^Ljl inbilj al-fajr

daybreak
Jall)
balSafa to Bolshevize II tabalSafa to

KL>Jj beljik Belgium

be Bolshevized
lllt baliafa Bolshevization
J-il;

JLjJj

tety'ifct

Belgian (adj. and n.)


un.
)

pL

balak

(coli.; n.

dates

(bot.)

buliifi

pl.

li-^i

balSifa

Bol-

oL baluda u (o"^ balda) to be stupid,


ic,

sheviat(ic); Bolshevik, Bolshevist


idiot-

duU-witted

II

to

acclimatize,

ha-

buUifiya Bolsheviam
jJLL balaSn heron (zool.)

bituate {* a.th., to a country or region)

pass. of II; to

become

stupid, besotted,

lapse into a etat of idiocy; to

show

o.s.

ij*b bala$a

(bals)

and

II to extort,

wring

from the stupid side VI to feign etupidity


-iL

forcibly (j-

from

s.o. s.th.J;

to black

balad

m. and

f.,

pl.

j:Aj

bd

mail

{ s.o.)

country; town, city; place, Community,


village; j*^j country; IjL
|

^^L

6aty

extortion,

blackmail;

for-

buidn coun3

cible imposition

of taxes
6aJ/i a (ep.) earthen-

tries utxl\ i~Jo b. al-habai Ethiopia; ^a>\ *"% b. a-sin China; -U^l *& b. al-

^^
Uj

ballp pl.

jaJ*^

hind India
jJj

ware jar

balda town, city; place,

Commu-

II

to pave (*

a.th.,

with flagstones or

nity, village; rural

Community; township
indigenous,
alien);

tes)
J"3k

^jI baladi native,


(as

home

bald}

pavement,
pl. UJjI

tiled floor;

floor
|

oppoaed to foreign,

(fellow)

tiles;

palace;

ablifa floor tiles

Citizen,

compatriot, countryman; a naJ

JLLil i^l

(maiait) the royal court; jlo.


al-b.

tive;

communal, municipal

^Uj
(

rXf

JoUl A2&Z
t'^j

court mourning
flagstone, slab-

(majlis) city Council, ]ocal Council

balda floor tile;

jL baladiya
munity,
trict (of

pl.

-t

township, Comdis-

stone; paving atone


IlJLj to/t/ paving, tile-laying

rural

Community; ward,

a city) ; municipality, municipal


JaL. mttballaf paved, tiled
2

Council, local authority

lJL balid

and

-UjI

ablad* stupid, dolt-

ijL &af oak; aoorn

ish, dull-witted, idiotic


3

<Uj balfa

pl. -t, JaL tuia/

ax
sapper,

o-^j balda stupidity, silliness

j^tij balfaji
aJ-j

pl. -tya engineer,

tabaud idiocy, dullness, obtuse-

pioneer (mil.); gangster; procurer, panderer,

ness,

apathy
mutaballid besotted, dull, Btupid

pimp; sponger, hanger-on, parasite

jJ-i.

*iLL balafa balata


ji>\ look

gum
J>-^
balti

up alpha betically

yji
l

(Fr. paletot) balf pl. -t,

rxLI

pl. i-JLI

look up alphabetically

paletot, overcoat
tree;
*
|

oLL

balasn baisam, balm;


{bot.)

baisam

_^1j butyi bolti

(Tapia nilotica), a food

fish

black eider

of the Nile

&
jJJJl
al-balflq

the
oJ-6.

Baltio

countries

^
and

attain

manhood, come of age;


fll

*4-M

iL

j-UJl 6oAr
ifcJ
Ij

the Baltio Sea

{ahtddak) to attain
of age ; to reach
its

maturity,
;

come

climax

UL ^1

iL

blza

hand

presB ; (eg.) a kind of

cream
(^jiil

j or) (mablagan) to attain a high


s.th.; iLil l*

made

of cornstarch,
like

lemon

juice

degree of

jL^Xi

c-iL
I

,>.-

honey, or the
Ai
bala'a

{kina, (JtJfcrayH,

mablaga)

when

had
work
II

and

bali'a

{hol')

to

Bwallow,

come

to thia point in
4i*

my

reminiscences

swallow up (*
B.th.); to

s.th.);

to gulp
s.th.),

down

(*

iL* JS*

iL (hdla mablagin) to
s.o.;

put up (* with
(* s.th.)
|

swallow,

havoo on
reach
its
(

L*o iL (muntahhu) to

stomach, brook
lit.
:

*jj fJL {riqah)


i.e.,

climax,
s.o.)

come to a head

to

to swallow one's saliva,

to catch

make
that

reach or attain (*

s.th.);

one's breath, take a little rest, have a

to take, bring (Jl * s.th. to


s.th.
(*)

s.o.),

see

break; to restrain

o.a.,

hold back (said

gets (Jl to); to convey,

of one in a rage) II and IV to

make

( s.o.)

transmit, impart,
(a

communicate, report
;

swallow (*
grant
s.o.

s.th.)

*juj **L

(riqah)

to

to

s.o.

s.th.)

to

inform,

notify

a short rest

VIII

(* s.o. of s.th.), teil, let

know
{je.
|

{*

s.o.

about); to report
i*L bal'a large bite, big gulp
*t~j

{je-

about), give an

aecount of

{je-);

to inform

against

ba'a,

~**jL

baU'a

pl. -t,

^J"^

s.o.),

report,

denounce

{je. s.o.)

UL-j iL

balli* 2 sink,

drain
1

to

fulfill

a mission; ^"it- -iL baifihu a-

lmi give him


**JL bl'a pl. -t, (^JIjj bawlx

my

best regards! III to

sewer,

exaggerate (j in
too

s.th.);

to overdo, do

sink, drain

long (j s.th.);

to

go to greatest
in)

jL bvX'um

pl.

f^t

bal'im?

and *jh bid*


{anat.);

lengths,

do one's utmost (j

IV to

*m

pl. **"i0

bala'im %

pharynx

make
(

(*,
;

s.o.,

s.th.)

reach or attain

*jAi gullet, esophagus {anat.)


x

Jl s.th.)

to

make

(* s.th.)

amount
s.o.

Jl to),

raise (*

an amount, a salary,

Jl to); to

iL balaga
s.th.),

(KjJLj

hdg) to reach

( s.o.,

inform, notify
teil, let

get

(*, to),

arrive (* at); to come,


(* so
{)

(u or know (^ or jeagainst
i-j
i

jn

of

s.th.),

* s.o.

about); to
s.th.)
;

amount

(* to),

be worth
s.o.'s

and so
to

announce, State, disclose


inform
{je-

(*

to

much); to come to

ears;

(je|

s.o.),

report,

denounce

attain puberty (boy); to ripen, mature


(fruit,

s.o.)

r*ij^

-iL!

to report s.th.
o.a.,

or the like); to

come of age;
s.o.);

to

to the police
(i_j

V to content
(i_j

be content

exhaust, wear out (j*

to act {j*

with); to eke out an existence; to


one's hunger
with), eat

upon
(j-

s.o.),

have
to

its effect

{j* on), ffe et

still

(^

s.th.):

s.o.);

go far
(

(j,

j* in

s.th.),

to be delivered, be transmitted

attain a high degree


Jl
*j

j, j* of s.th.)

L
|

to

make

UL V

Lr" aam'an l balganf


fulfilled, i.e.,

may

it

be

s.o.

or s.th. get to or arrive or s.th. to, get s.o. or


*j

heard but not

God

forbid!

at, lead or

take

s.o.

(used at the mention of s.th. unpleasant)


4L

s.th. to

the point where, l fji\

iL
bulga

(tarannvb) he began to reel so violently


that...;
.U-l

and

9-^Aj

balg

sufficiency,
a

iL-

^^1

iL {mablaga

l-jidd)

competency, adequaey
low)

(see also

*iX>

be-

the matter became serious;


b.

Jj)l J--JI

iL
cli-

s-aailu z-zub the matter reached

Wj

balg pl. -t communioation, In-

max,, things

came to a head;

JL-J1 iL*

iL

formation,

message, report;
;

announceState-

{mablaga

r-rijl)

to be sexually mature,

ment, proclamation

communique;

6
ment;notification(of thepolice)
|

j*-\

f-^j

(J

*iL

balgami

phlegmatic

phlegmy,

Ultimatum
i_L baiig pl.

mucous
LL bnlag' 2 eloquent;
in-

JAj balafa

i {half)

to bluff II do.
balfa bluff

tense, laeting, deep, profound (e.g.,

an
in-

impression); eerioua, grave


Jury)

(e.g.,

an

_L half,

jLl ablag
arrival

piebald

9jL bulg reaching, attainment,


(at);

maturity, legal majority


balga eloquence;
art

-iiL bilqi* (J

Muslim

narrte of the

Queen of

Sheba
**">0

ort

of good
|

style,

of composition ;
al-b. rhetoric

literature

uliUI al-balqn the Balkans

ii^l 1*

'Um

JliL balqni Balkan

LI
ing;

ablag 2 intenser, deeper,


serious, graver

more

last-

more

*L balga' and i*L balga' a


1

2 pl. -j*^ balgi'

iL^ mablag pl. JL* mablig

amount,
rnge;
i

wasteland
dl>

Bum
(ismi)

of

money; extent,
p^jII

scope,
I)
|

see t\jL

(see also

examples under iL

y\

iL*
^SsL balkn balcony
1

nominal par;

J L^Ll

(mda'a)
ii-4

the deposits (at a bank);


jX\

Jy

^-.Jj

(li-yatabayyana,
to find, out to

qauli, jidd)

in

Jj
2

balam anchovy balam


pl. *&)

Order

what extent

my

Jj

ablm

sailing

brge

(tr.)

words were meant seriously


3

mJlJ tablig pl. -t

conveyance, trans-

IV to be

silent,

hold one's tongue

mission, delivery (Jl to s.o.); information

^Aj

balln bathhouse attendant;

name

of a

(^

about); report, notification (^c of);


|

plant growing near stagnant waters


U^Aj ballna

communication, announcement, notice


i-LJI ^t\sS" credentials

female bathhouse attend-

ant; lady's

maid

UL

mublaga

pl. -t

exaggeration
--iL

balansiya 2 Valencia (region and city

*yk\ iblg conveyance, transmission


Jlj blig extensive, far-reaching
;

in

Spain)
'

conpro,j*L pl. 0*J">L

siderable

serious

wound),

deep,

k U P alphabetically
be
stupid,

found,

violent,

vehement

(feelings),

4L

baliha a

to

simple-minded
pretend to be
s.o. )

strong, intense; mature; of age, legally

VI

to-

feign foolishneaa,

major
il^ muballig bearer (of news), messenger; informer, denouncer; detective
2

stupid

to

deem

stupid

or

simple-minded
*L

balak and

**">0

balha

stupidity,
idiocy,

<ih

bulga,

balga

pl. -t,

bulag

slipper

of

foolishness,

simple -mindedness ;
2_^L. U">U (mubakkira)

yellow leather
LjliL bulgriy Bulgaria

imbecility
tia

demen-

praecox
balha let alone, not to speak of,

*L

^jliL bulgrl Bulgarian (adj. and


iL

n.)

not to mention
*L!

balga7n phlegm;

(pl.

i^

balgim 2 ) ex-

ablah2 stupid, daltish, dull-witted;

pectoration,

Sputum

idiotic

75

*ib

L-jL^Jj bilkaraiy bilharziaais, Schistosomiasis

bald' trial,

tribulation, Visitation,

{med.)
<j^]j

affliction,

distress, misfortune;

scourge,

buiahniya abundance, wealth, variety

plague; creditable Performance, bravery,


gallantry, heroic action
|

(of earthly possessions)

j^. ^

(ha*

8an) favor, Messing, grace (of God);

good

'Ol^L

Bee

l^^lf,

Performance
J^-^t balhin*

*D j+L bulhn
eg.)

pl.

(=

JjAl^.l

,4jL>

balw

trial; tribulation, Visitation,

sphinx

affliction, distress, misfortune,

calamity;
it

(jii

6aid {balw, Jj) Vj teat, try, put to the test (

and

necessity, need

^
b.q.,

j^LJI

6aJ*)

to

c^

('ammat)

has become a general necessity


1IL.

m s.th.);

to

know from long


afflict ( s.o.);

experience (* s.th.);
(Jj

mubldh
|

consideration, regard,

to
**$j

Jj baliya a
;

bilan,

heed, attention

;^L.V Id-mvbdlh in-

bald')

to

be or become
to dwindle

old,

worn,

difference, unconcein, carelessness


t~^j\ ibtild'
trial, tribulation, affliction,

ahabby

(clothes)

away, van-

ish; to deteriorate, decline,

become deVisitation
Jlj bltn old,

crepit; to diaintegrate (a corpae), decay,


rot,

spoil III to care,

be concerned (v
(i_j

worn, worn out; ahabby,


tattered;
;

or *,

about), be mindful

or

a,

threadbare,
dilapidated
;

ragged,

decrepit, obsolete,

of

s.o.,

of a.th.); to pay attention

(i_>

or

decayed, rotten

* to),

mind, heed, take into consideration,


{<_j

antiquated

take into account


notice
I
(i_j

or s.th.); to take

JL. mublin observant, heedful, mindful


(._j

of)

JU
I

don't

care

L m ubli, JL1 V don't mind it's all


!

of)

cj

JL. ji heedless of
(lesa correctly Ji-.
(i_j

right with

me! JL> V

(as

relat. clause)

J^. mubtalan
talin)
(lj

mub*

unconcerned, heedless, carelesB, recklesa

afflicted

with, by), auffering

IV to
to
s.o.

try, test,

put to the teat

{ a.o.);
(

from)
tabalwara to cryatalize; to be crys-

make
;

experienced, harden, inure


;

aaid of trials, experiences)


(*

to

work
|

jjL

II

havoc

on
Jjl

s.th.); to

wear out
brave

talized; to
(* s.th.)

be covered with cryatals


billaur pl. -t crystal; crya|

L-

*-i

(bal'an haaanan) to stand


o.s.

j^L baUr,

the test; to prove

(in

war)

tal glss, flint glasa, glaas

iSj^

Jj^>.

VIII to try, tempt, put to the teat to afflict (<j

( a.o.);

(sakri) rock crystal, transparent quartz

s.o.

with), visit

s.o. s.th.); pasB.

vbtuliya to

(^ on become or be
(i_j

j^L billaura
crystal
glass,

(n. un.)
flint

pl.

-dt

crystal;

glaas,

glass;

tube

afflicted

(i_j

with, hy),

suflFer

from)
(radio); crystal,

quartz plate (of a de-

Jj bilan decline, deterioration decay, putrefaction, decomposition ; worn con;

tector; radio); (syr,,

pronounced

ballra)

negative (phot.)
tijjL ballri, btUauri crystalline; crys-

dition; wear; shabbiness


Jj

batiy worn,
decrepit,

old,

ahabby, threaddecaying,

tal (adj.)

bare;

dilapidated,

decomposed, rotten
*Jb baliya pl. \y$j

ijj^L ballTxyu, biauTiya


baly
(Oft.)
trial, tribula-

pl. -dt lense

tion,

Visitation, affliction, distress, mis-

j_jL.
fruita

mubalwar:

jj^t*

*^*L**

candied

fortune, calamity

*
jjs, ijjl (Fr. bleust)
blouae
iljj
bdlz,

76

biua

pl. -dt

the Arabs; <Juj-< Jj Beni Suef (city in Egypt, S of Cairo)

(Turk. btUk) bulh


|

pl.
6.

-t

Company

ol

t&tia

and cJu
girl
|

fruit

pl.

ob
t.

oandt

{m.; Eg.)

0^*1

fJjl*

omi (m.)

daughter; c-w

yJI

ol

al-'amm

approi. : quartermaster Sergeant (former-

(female) cousin; periphrastically for wifet


dLfpl.

ijl

your wife; j&JI -

6. af-jSJfer

J&Vi
oi-ari^

ob

thought, idea; ,j>jVl

jL boUfin balloon
l

fr.

inseots

and worms;

^-1;
j-l

Jj

6aM

yes, yee indeed, certainly, surely

6.
fr.

6t** calamities, afflictions;

ob b ob

ad-dahr do. ; Jl cJj

fr.

aS-safa

word ;
fearo,

Jj

ftoKyn eto., aee jlj


(It. pagliaccio) jtalyati

j-UJ!

ob

6.

as-fiadr

worries,

anxieties; ijjj

j-UUj
jJjUj

ob
little

fr.

tcartZna earth-

olown, buffoon

worms, rainwonna
(It. fripltanfo)

byard

billiards

Jj frunaiya
IjLi

my

son
filiation

*Jj
1
l

billseh plisse', pleating

bunwa sonship,
Ixmawi
filial

jX

6oUln pl. oJ^J baZdZin1 pallium, liturgical

iSj^j

vestment of a bishop worn over the


ohasuble (Chr.); monk*s robe (Copt.-Chr.)

jj

fafranntn adoptlon (also

flg.,

e.g..

of ideas, principles, etc.)


j.

^L

balyn

pl.

^.^j balyln*
(U.S.)

(U.S.) billion,

frunn coffee beans, coffee

(G.B.)
billion

milliard;

trillion,

(G.B.)

^j bunni coffee- colored,

brown

b bann
**

finger

Ups

jt-i *~L*

-t^
fj*
\j\

ty***

bomm
ment

loweat string of a musical instru-

iru)
i.e.,

lit.:

he

is

pointed at with fingers,


tiijb

he

is

a famouB man;
I

an

f_Lr

bumbg,

Le 6vmM$a bow

tie

\aua bannika

am

at your disposal, I

am
jLe bomby Bombay

at your aervice
($yr.;

Jj^iL bandra

from

It.

pomodoro)

^L look up alphabetically

tomato(es)
(* s.o.);

V JJ
^1

tabann to adopt as son


(* s.th.)

^jLj

fcorwirw1

Banaras or Benares (the Holy


in

to adopt, embrace

Oty of the Hindus,


^iL see ,^L>

India)

ihn pl. LjI o&nd*, Oyj banfin son;

deacendant, scion;

offsprmg, son (of a

nation or people) | * aT

pl.

jX ji; (son of

Adam) man, human being; jjT ^.l *6n dux jackal; -J1 ^1 um al-balad local
inhabitant, native;

yjj bint napoleon, louia d'or (gold coin of

j^UI

Ljl

nativee,

20 franca)

native populatkm;
warrior,
soldier;

v^'

i>'

a^-^at*
^.1
0".'

Wj

II to dope, narcotieize (with banj;

s.o.);

warlike, belcoae;

to anesthetize

(* s.o.)

JsiJl wayfarer, wanderer;

iJL#
j<l

u^-*"

j banj henbane (Hyoscyamus


bot.);

niger;

60 years old; *.U

j.

ifrn

'a/t'M

temifr

poral, transient, passing;


puftiAi

^i

an anesthetic, a narcotic

hia

own

aon;

^^

ibn '>

v UJl

al-banjb the

Punjab

(region,

NW

weasel; ^Ji L jj

oan m' tu-wnuS*

Indian subcontinent)

^jhJj

banjar red beet


pl.

(eg.)

jjlkj banfaln (from


trousers, pants

It.

pantaloni)

pl.

-*

Xj band

*yj bund article, clause parajjl; bangzi Bengasi (city in


capital of Cyrenaica)

grapb
large
x

(of a law, contract, etc.); banner;

NE
NE

Iib}'a,

body of troops
pl.

jXj bandar

jjbj bandir* seaport; com-

JUiJI

al-bangl Bengal (region,

Indian

mercial center ; district capital (Eg.) ; jAbj


aee also under v-L below
'afefca

subcontinent)
j7ij banafsaj (coli.; n. un.
)

,^-U* j^j
|

fr.

Bandar Abbas (seaport

in

8 Iran)

violet (bot.)

(j^ banafsaji violetlike, violetisb;


a ijjXj

look

up

alphabetically
violet (adj.)
;

y-^JcJ\
{

or

^->*:.II Ijj
[J

J-L>

bunduq

(coli.

n. un. ) pl. jaIij

bandiq7

ultraviolet
^^Lij banfaS,

hazelnut(s),

filberts;

hazel,

bazel tree;

banafS amethyst (min.)

Oj hazelnut,

fiJbert; bullet
ajcj

j-L> bundttqi Venetian sequin

binaqa and Ju baniqa gre, gusset (of

a ahirt or garment)

JXj
rifle,

bunduqlya
^tj IJ-L
|

pl.
fr.

JaIij

bandiq*
1

gun

rai ahotgun

jiij

frunjfc
fr.

root, core, heart, best part

dkj

j^Jl
iJ-uJl al-bunduqiya Venice

oi-'umr the prime of fe, the best

yeare
ciliXj

bunduqnl

pl.

-fin,

Li band*
2

diqa a Venitian

diiJ

franjfc

pl. t\yj

bunk
credit
.iL
fr.

bank,

bankin g
<iij

house

t-iul-lll <^Jjj
-all

bank; jij&

JjXj bundq
#jjj^
banadra

pl. JjiL>

bandiq 2 bastard
It.

deposit bank;

ad-dam blood

(syr.;

from

_pomJoro)
3

bank;
tiii *

JjoJI ^Jb-Jt

(dauA) the World

Bank

tomatoes
(_fjj.U>

mubannah stranded
iiL*

j>l aAmar 8 banadri tomato-red


i
t

ilir.

muhannak mvbannak shrewd,

Jj^j (Fr. _pendt*Ze) bandl

pendulum

sly, astute

j-Cj (Span, bandera) bandera pl. jjLj band*

uIj^iScj

(Engl.) banibndf
jijCj

banknote

dir 2 pennon, flag, banner


jCj

and

see

1
(

jjUj frannr

(= jjL bar)

glass

jljO (Fr.
ja*>j banzahir bezoar, bezoar stone
j>>j banzin, benzln gasoline, benzine
J>i (Engl.)
x

fraijjnotre)

banwr baignoire, theater


tier

box of the lowest


Jj frans
t

(Li bind',

uLJu bunyn)

and Till
(a s.th.};

to build, erect, construct, set


IJ

up

pence
to build, establish, rest (J* * s.th. on); to consummate the marriage (L- and LJ*

t>lj benisilln penicillin

witb a woman); pass. buniya, ubtuniya


<--u (Fr. peneie) bansSh pansy
(bot.)

to be based, be built, rest


;

J* on)

'*$
|

Jj
in-

Oj-_Ju bansiyn
ing school
^-a^j frinpir
f.,

pl. -i

boardinghouse board-

J*

(JfeaZtmatan)

to give a

word an

declinable ending in (a certain vowel or a

vowelleas consonant; gram.)


pl. j-^Lj

see

fransir

ring finger

y
an

Li frin" building, construction, erection,

ju

iuni

pl.

ijO bunf point (stock market)

setting up; structure (also, e.g., of

;;

Organum),

aetup,

make-up;

(pl.
|

Jul

less ;

abniya) building, structure, edifice

(color)

bahita to be or become fade bahata a to astoniah, amaze, bepale,


;

LJI i'dat al-b. reconstruction ; ji-\ LJI

wilder, startle, stagger, flabbergast

( s.o.) ( s.o.)

Freemasonry; J* Lj binaan 'al according to, in accordance with, on the


(kurr)

(Ly buhtn) to Blander, defame


III to

come or descend unexpectedly


IV to surprise, astonish, amaze

baais of,
ii*

by

virtue of, on the atrength of

upons.o.); to startle, stagger, flabbergast


{ s.o.) (

J*

Ij accordingly,

thus
building

s.o.)

ijUj

binai

constructional,
;

VII

(used attributively)
tural
Li;

architectural; struc-

C~r buht and accusation;


lie,

uLy buhtn
untruth

slander, falsa

binya, bunya pl. Jj hinan, btman

i^- bahta perplexity,

amazement,

be-

structure, setup,

make-up; Wnya build,


J

wildennent, stupefaction
ilJkL

frame, physique, physical Constitution


iJjl

bhit pale, pallid, faded (color);

iJjl^ of delicate Constitution;

~^

perplexed, aghast

JJI

and

JJI

-L* of sound Constitution,


j_j

healthy;

JJI

qawiy

al-b.

husky,

jf- mabht
amazed,

perplexed,

astonished,

sturdy
L

startled, flabbergasted, aghast

bann'
j

pl.

-n

builder;

mason;

~f

bahija a to be glad, be

conatructive
IjLj

j>- j (Aurr)
pl.

Freemason

be dehghted (w at);

happy (^ about), bahuja u to be


VIII to be

beautiful, look wonderful IV to gladden,

binya

-(

building, structure,

delight,

make happy
(i_j

( s.o.)

edifice

glad,
jLj

be happy

ahout), be delighted

bunyn

building,

construction,

at)

erection, setting
edifice;

up; building, structure,


<*^-

physique, stature

bahja splendor, magnificence, beau|

ty, resplendence; joy, delight

jli^l

i^

J~ mabnan pl. jL. mabnin building, construction, erection, setting up; building, structure, edifice;

delight of the eyes,


Fi- bahij,

welcome sight

form; foundation,
{ra'y) con-

did, beautiful;

fundament, basis
|

ff bahtj magnificent, splenhappy, joyous; delightful

JJlj ^]j\

tent

and form
tabannin see
1
(

i>f~.

mabhaja a moment of happiness

and joy ^
builder
1 P*L+ mabhij joys, delights; pleasures, amusements, dlversions; splendid things;

,jvj

jL bnin
J-*

pl. Lj fiimA

mabniy

built,

set

up,

erected

splendor,
jr^ri'

pomp, magnificence
(wat)

founded, based, resting (J* on); fixed, established; indeclinable; ending indeclinably
2

*6fijjoy,rejoicing, delight

(J* in; gram.)

..(-.

mubhij pleasant, charming, delight-

ful

,j^

En gl-) penny
~L.
mubtahij happy, glad, dehghted
( s.o.);

jm
yl^f

(It.

bagno) bany bath, bathtub


J-if-

bdhdala to insult

to treat conto expose

bahita a, bahuta

u and

pass. buhita (bht)

temptuously, meanly
( s.o.) (*

(* s.o.);

to be astonished,

amazed, bewildered,

to ridicule,

make a laughingstock
I

startled, perpleied, flabbergasted, speech-

of

s.o.) II

tabahdala pass. of

79

r*
-L^ bahdala insult, affront, abuse, outjl*-_rt*

bahrajn

tinsel,

frippery

rage; meanness; triteness, insipidity

rjrf mubahraj showy, tawdry, gaudy,


ornate,

J-L^ mubahdal maltreated, oppressed,


miserable

ostentatious ;

trashy,

rubbishy,

cheap, inartistic

jr bahara a (bahr) and IV to glitter, shine to dazzle, overwhelm ( s.o., * s.o. 's eyes)
; |

j jx bahriz

(eg.)

a soup

jLj^I j^j ji a dazzling, overwhelming


thing;

i^f bahaza a (bahz) to oppress, weigh


( s.o.;

down
(

pass. buhira to be out of breath,


with
blindness;

a load, work), weigh heavily

to pant VII to be dazzled, blinded; to be

on

s.o.)

IV do.
bhiz heavy, oppreasive, trying;

smitten

to .be

out of
off,

.Ii*L>

breath VIII to flaunt, parade, show


present in a dazzling light
(i_j

excessive,

exorbitant,

enormous

ex-

s.th.)

pensive, costly

jt bahr jr buhr
brea thing

deception, dazzlement
difficult

(i_j

by)

j^ bahaq

a kind of liehen
tetter;

(bot.);

herpetic

respiration, labored

eruption,

vitigo alba,

mild

form of leprosy (med.)


(n. vic.)

Ijr bahra

being dazzled, dazzle-

J^ bahala a

(bohl) to curBe

( s.o.)

V and VI

ment
sr

to curse one another VIII to supplicate,

buhra middle, center

jr

pray humbly

(to

God)
(

amidst

Jf
more
brliant,

abhal

sa vin

Juniperus

sabina

^1
icent

abhar2

more magnif-

bot.)

Jlfl ibtihl supplication,


J*L>

prayer
buhhal
free,

2 jf\ abhar aorta (anat.) jLj-

bhil

pl.

J^-

buhl,

independent
bahr
pl. -t spiee
J^JLf(i_j

jlfl ibtihr dazzling display,

show

buhll, bahll pl. JJLf bahlil 2 buffoon,

of s.th.)
j*\j bhir dazzling, brliant, splendid

jeater, clown, fool

jljLf-

bahlawn

pl. -t, -lya

acrobat, tumbler,

equilibriBt, ropedancer, tightrope

walker
olTj*-

jjr* mabhr breathless, out of breath,


panting
ji_jLr

bahlawdni

acrobatic

Jl^J-f (harakt) acrobatics; antics,

capers

rjx bahraja

(~**rjx

bahraja) to adorn, deck

of a tumbler; jl^J-r o\jb (fayarn) aerial


acrobatics, stunt flying

out, dreBs up

ahowy; to give a deeeptive


( s.th.);
-f-

brightness (* to); to glamorize


to rejeet as false
(

a witness); to fake,
II

IV to make obscure, dubious, unintelligible (* s.th.)

counterfeit

(*

s.th.)
o.a.

tabakraja

to

V and X

to be obscure,
s.o.)

adorn
fake
r-_rr

o.s.,

spruce

up, dress up; to be

ambiguous, unintelligible (J* to


K^f bahma lamb, sheep

bahra] false, spurioua, fake, aham,

^ bahim
S~~f-

pl.

-,-

buhum
ri^pl.

jet-black

worthless, bad; counterfeit

money

tinsel,

bahxma

pl.

frippery, cheap finery; trash, cheap stuff

bah'im 2 beast,
vestock, cattle,

animal, quadruped;
'**rj^

bahraja

empty ahow, hollow pomp

(large)

domestic animals

c*
L5

80

*-t-

bahimi animal, beetial, brutiah

live

or stay at a place IT to provide


(* for s.o.,

*~*~r

bahimiya brutiahnesa,

bestiality,

accommodations

* at a place);
(<_>

brutolity
l>Lf-l

to settle down, reside, live

at a place)

V
ibhm obacurity; vagueness, ambiguity
l>Lf-l

to settle

down

{* at a place),

occupy

{\j?j+

markazan a
position)

place), hold (Ul*


|

ma

qman a
ibhm
pl.

UtSL.

T^J (maknan)
ac-

j>LI

abhim* thumb;

to gain ground,

become generally
('<*"')

big toe

cepted;

^^
SU1

Ij-j

to ascend the to

>L bhim
tr*

throne
big toe

IjJ

(hukm)

oome

to

power, take over power

mubham

obscure, dark,
|

cryptic,
--.

doubtful,

vague, ambiguous

ja
'- 11

&!
bai'a)

Mo
pl.

pl.

-t

(usually

pronounced

fotiad) abstraot

number
vagus

(moiA.);
(<ww<.);

^il

('a*a*) the

O ^1

-dt

residenoe, domicile, seat;

..

Situation;
,-VI

surroundings,

environment,

(um) the demonstrative pronoun (pram.)


l

milieu; home, habitat


Li

mab'a place to which

s.th.

oomes;

(jr) W; bdhS. u,
(L.

bahuwa u and jf bakiya a baW) to be beautiful lil to vie,


(lj

abode, dwelling, habitation


jj tabawvm*
:

compete
o.b. (l->
l->

with

b.o. in a.th.);

to pride

^j^

*j^

t.

al-'ari acces-

on), be

proud

(lj of), boast {lj of,

sion to the throne

to b.o. of s.th.) VI to compete with


(<^ of), pride

^jt II to divido into chapters or sections {*


s.th.)
;

one another; to be proud


o.a. (lj

to

arrange

in

groups,

arrange

on)
pl.

systematically, class, classify (* s.th.)


.L.I

jr bahw

abha

hall;

parlor,

i-jL

bb

pl.

^j*)

abiDb,

Lu bibn

drawing room, reception hall


(

door; gate; opening, gateway; entrance;


cbapter, section, column, rubric; group,
olass,

fr boAty beautiful, magnicent, Bplen-

did; brilliant, radiant, shining


flf bah'

oategory;

field,

domain
Forte;
el

(flg.)

^Ul

JUI
beauty, magnicence, splenb.

the

Sublime

~->X\

^L

tU-mandab

Bab

Mandeb

(strait

dor; brilliancy

between
(adj.); (pl.

SW

Arabia and Africa;

geogr.);

JL. boAifi Bahai

-n)

an

adherent of the Bahai sect, a Bahai


-f*l

v!>i^' J* near, imminent; 1-bJU- 1<U =i to open up a new way, a new possibility;
<_jL

abAd more splendid, more

futiha bbv

...

was (were) begun,


<^\j

bril-

...got under way;


liant

*^l

Ji5 (qafaia)

to put an

end to
i>

s.th.,

terminate, close
as a favor;

UL. mubhh and


vainglory, boaatfulneas

LT tabtSAtn pride,

s.th.; J-iiJI i-jL

(b. il-fat)

Jjl

_jLi

(au&S)

with

all

the

more
about
-L

oljf see iL
(>jj)

reason, the
this matter,

more
about
it ia

so; <_jUI IJu


this; jl

IjjjJ

^y

M*a u

to
(i~>

come
with

again, return; to
s.th.),

(b. *4-tfarfira)

necessary that
(b.

. . . ;

,^-jJ

oome back

bring back,
L or JiiJLi

-uJl

t-jLi

li*

ia-pudfa)

that'a

no

yield, bring in (.-s.th.)


(JHit6a t /ojoi)

|^-'t
II

coincidence;

.-Li

j* jlT

or .-U

J*-.>

to
(J

fail

to provide aofor s.o., * at

(with
*A>

foll.

genit.) to belong to, fall under;


l .-L

commodations
place),

and

j i>^i unique of ita kind;

J*

-iL

put up (J or

s.o.,

* at)

Lil* I_^

to

pursue one's livelihood, earn one's

(matnan) to take a place,

settle

down,

bread

81

jy.

4j

Li

bba

pl. -t

kind, Bort, olass, category


pl.

**-\>

bha
place,

pl.

-t

wide, open Space;

u^I^j

&awu&

-n doorman, gate-

open
hall

sqnare,

plaza;

courtyard;

keeper
4j\y biwba office of gatekeeper
4j\jt

**-\j\

ibha divulgenoe, disolosure (of


li-

a secret); permission, authorization;

bawtoaba
SjL^ll
*j\jt

pl. -t (large) gate,


b.

poroentiousness

tal

al-qanfara lock gate

t_-i_j-J

(a&ifr

division

into

^Ul
chaptera,

ibhi licentious, unrestrained, un-

inhibited; anarchist; freethinker


sectioning, Classification, syBtematio ar-

rangement, grouping
>-jj~*

V-ll ibhiya
in

freethinking, libertinism;

mubawwab arranged

groups,

anarohism
< Ul istibha appropriation, capture,
I

classed, classified

seizure; spoliation, confiscation

CAijt boblln poplin


*>Li

mubh permitted,

allowed, permis-

lujj (Fr. bobine) bobina spool, Cjjj bvwa aee ~u


UlJ^j, ifljjj (It.
iiJjj

reel

sible; legal, lawful, licit, legitimate;

open
free;

to

everyone,
(Ial,

permitted

for

all,

ownerless

Law)

indifferent

(said

potoMa)

frtad, fct*

potash

of actions for which neither reward nor

btaqa (usually

pronounced bautaqa)
pot
{

punishment
are

is

to be expected, but whioh


pl.

crucible,

melting

jUjll

UJ^j

permissible,

c>U-L*

indifferent,

(zamn) in the melting pot of time


*njt (Fr. bougie) bviih pl. -t spark plug

permissible actions,
(rji)
j-L

Ist.

Law)
let

bka u to abate, subaide,


(fire);

up,

decrease; to die, go out

to fade,
II

bleach; to spoil, rot


(.jj)

(e.g.,

meat)

to

j-L

6Aa u (&auA) to become known,

Bpoil (* B.th.)

be revealed, be divulged, leak out (secret)


\j)

buwk evaporation, exhalation,

to reveal, disclose, divulge (* or _ s.th.,

vapor, steam
fij^j tabwik:

a secret; Jl and J to
reveal (* or
<_j

s.o.)

IV to

diaclose,

s.th.,

J to
to

s.o.);

to release,

h&}\

y?

t.

an-nukta the

abandon, make public property, declare


ownerless
leave (*
(*
s.th.)
;

spoiling of the point of a story

permit,

allow,

D
!>jUjj

Aj byik

spoiled, bad; vapid, in-

s.th.,

J to

s.o.);

to justify, War-

sipid, stale (also, e.g., of

a joke)

rant (a

s.th.)

to reveal {* s.th.); to

regard as publio property, as ownerless,


as fair

bkrest Bucharest

game; to deem permissible, lawful


hurt
(*ij*-

jSj* (Fr.

povdre) bdra powder


pl. 3\j>

(a s.th.); to

hurmatah

s.o. 's

honor); to take possession (* of), appropriate,


saize,

iiji

bdaqa

bawdiq* crucible, melt-

take as booty (* s.th.); to


s.th.)
|

ing pot
Ijjj

oonEscate (*

<*s r^J--' {da*


s.o.

bd Buddha
iSiji

mah) to proscribe, outlaw


r-ji

b4* Buddhistic; Buddhist

bauh divnlgence, disolosure

(of

a
5j

Beeret); confession

j^j

bdiya Buddhism

rjt buh wide, open Space; courtyard;


hall

(jjt) jL; bra


lie

(baur, j\jj bawr) to perish; to

fallow, be uncultivated (land); to be

>y.

82

futile,

unauccessful,

unprofitable,

lead

*jji

bza a beerlike beverage

to nothing (work); to be unsalable, be

dead stock (merchandise)


(bint)

cJJ\

Ojb
un-

*jb bz pl. jljjl a&u-dz, ji>j bizn falcon

the
let

girl

could not get a husband


(* land);

^yji ba bus
^-Ij

II

to

He fallow

to

make

profitable, useleas (* s.th.)

IT to destroy
|

\ lj'ji)

Mm u (baut) to kiss
kiss

(* s.o.)

jjt br uncultivated, fallow

j_jj

^j\

<*y bau&a, bsa


w

(ard), pl. jji j-iljl (arfltfm) fallow land,

wasteland
j\jt

j=-yj (It. bu&to) bust corset


k-jj, ii-^j (It. jxwta) &w$a, ftusio post, mail

bawr perdition, ruin

jljJl jIj
|

hell

jj^jJ\ al-buefr the Bosporus

J\i bair unoultivated, fallow (land)


((Art) o*^. ijlj>.

^*

(baui) to

be boisterous,

brni

(eg.)

a vegetable stew
in

shout, roar (crowd) II do.

jLjc-

jji br

said Fort Said (seaport

NE
1

Jiji baiii pl.

^bjl auMJ

(for

^j\\)

Egypt)
\j* jjt br sdn Fort Sudan (seaport in

mob, rabble U^>. &


i*jt
(coli.; n.

un.

I)

reed

NE

Sudan)
Puerto Rico
t

baa

pl. ntt

inch
silk fabrio

jSoj_jjj_jj burturik

a^jt

ba
(It.

pl. (j-^'^jl

ofr^ linen or

JUjjj^ burtugl Portugal


*-*j>,

*L*jt

buasola) bosla

compass

bwsa

pl. -t

stock ezchange

"Jyjt

bfa orucible, melting pot

jlji j^j

&r /u'&i Port

Fuad

(seaport in

NE

Hiji
1

bza a beerlike beverage

Egypt, opposite Port Said)


9ji b* metatorsal
9-^Jl

bone

{anal.)

|f>l

*-Jj*i

3jji baitraq borax Ljji burm


1

Burma

,y he wouldn't know bis knee from his elbow (proverbially, of a stupid person)

iJJM (Turk. boru) brl trumpet, bgle


tjrjjji bugler
6rj5
pl.

-iya

trumpeter,

f-U b* pl. f\jt\

abwa the span of the

out-

spread arms, fathom; in Eg. today


4ir"

<Jjji bri (pl* tsJji batcri) striped mullet

Jjjt mighty, powerful; oapable, able; knowledgeable;


|

mi'mriya

= 3m

9 Ul

(Mugil cephalus;
**ijj* (Fr.)
l

zool.)

generous,
helpless,

liberal;

s-UI

j~m*

powerlese,

impotent,

we&k,

incapable;
f U L

brlh puree

niggardly, atingy; s-UI jj* impotence,

}jt II to pout, sulk, look glum, sullen


jji bz pl. j\jt\ abioz muzzle, Bnout

weakness ;
pljltj

incapability

(je-

of ) ;

with might and main

I> jS tabwiza sullen mien


j^-.
%

fjt II to surprise

mvhavmiz

sullen,

glum

bga celluloid; tortoise shell

jjt bz, J^j bza ice cream

iic-jj

bgda and

<J>\s-y.

bgda potash, lye

83

J*
Jl^-I-I istibwdl:

j\ijt

bgz pl. j* \jt

batujfiz' strait(s)

harbor

f-dl

JI^JL-I f. od-

JJ^joJI J*j* the Dardanelles


*Jj* (Fr.
bttffet)

dam uremia
9

(med.)

bfih hoffet; bar; sideboard

JIj fl state,

condition; heart, mind; notice,


j

regard, attention
3j* II to blow the trumpet
table,

Jb ji

significant, no-

conaiderable,

important, serious,

3jt bq pl.

-dt,

3\jt\

ainvq trumpet

bgle; fanfare; harn (of an automobile, of

grave; JUI f\j farQ al-b. leisure; J_>. JUI anxious, uneasy, concemed, worried;

a gramophone) ; acoustic signaling


duplicity, treachery, betrayal
b.

JUI

Jjji long-suffering, patient; ...

*JIj l*

de vice; megaphone; mouthpiece, Bpokes-

(with verb)

man

3ji

why
you
is

...T

why is it that he (it) ...? illL U how about you? what do


^U- feal bluh hia

0_^JI

ap-paut or jjii^fl 3jt loudspeaker

t hinkt *IL

mind
mind;

(radio);

,y*j j>

(rahimi)

oviduct,

at rest, he haa

no worries;
it

<fL> ^k^- it

Fallopian tube (anat.)


\jj
Uli

occurred to him,
<J) Jl
*JLj

came to

bis

bawwq trumpeter, bugler


bga

(J*. f

Jll)

J*l

(a'f, alq, ja'ala)

to turn one's
flowers,

mind

to, give one's attento,

bndle;

bunch of

tion to,

pay attention

take into ac-

nosegay, bouquet

count, be mindful of, bear in mind, heed


s.th.;

VL>

jL

o'tgapl. $\jt baw'iq3 misfortune,


ftdZan

Jj jL

jl

fam yu&p

Z-?auft

he didn't pay any attention to


I said; VIj 4^. Jju

oalamity
Jli^j
btiql,

what
I^j bqla pl. Jj'jj

(yogtu) no

bawqH1
8

less significant

than

this

vesael without handles,

mug

J>j bl postage

stamp

jjjjLJ^j

boknford patrol wagon, paddy wag-

*Jl bl whale
5

(zooj.)

on, Black Maria


*Jb

look up alphabetically

JiKv-i^j (Engl.) boki&kf


1

box calf

D
(J^j)

*Vj* bld

(= iVy)

steel

JL

bla

(baul)

and V to make water,

urinate IV to be diuretic urinate


i}jt

to cause to

L^J^j

see <-i}ji

3"iji blej*
pl. JI^jI

diatriot

of Cairo

baul
J^JI

abwl urine
|

^jij

xlji blanda

Poland
(pl. -fin)

jjj|

marod al-b. as-aukharl diabetea


jxJjj ftJandi Polish;

Pole

J^j bauli uric, urinary, urinoua


*J>Jl the urinary passages;

^Jllll

*Jj^ u^'j^^l

jiji

bl polo
(It.

diseases ofthe kidney

and urinary bladder

Li^j

Polonia) blniy Poland

J^j
*Lj

--J (lasammum) uremia (med.)


biia:

djiji blnl Polish; Pole


al1
(

buminuria;

O V=-T O Hj** *^H

<-Lj

(Aintf/a)

(dawunj/a)

hem-

rJ_>j (Ft. police) blis police *jlj^fl ^}j* vice squad; jLi-l ,^-JjJI (?tn*t) criminal
|

aturia (med.)
police; <Jji~\ (j-J^Jl
ill^j

(<z r&*)

military po-

fuwu/a public lavatory

lice;

jj-Jl

,j-J>Jl

(irrt)

secret police;

j-t

mabwala

pl.

JjL*

wuj/un/ 2 urinal
;

jj^l

^rt'^i traffio police

a diuretic ;

mibwala Chamber pot

toilet,

V-Lh
story

*i'jJ rttwyo

bviiaiya detective

water doset

J*
*"<-Aji

84

and

*-Jj>

(Fr. police) blim, btifa

(~u)

oL* 6dto

(Ca-

mabtt)

to paas or

pl.

j^-Hj-!

fcatwJ/v 1

^r-J^H
policy

^>wdf a
|

spend the night; to stay overnight; to


become; to be (j in a Situation); with
foll.

certificate of insurance,
jj-Jjl 6.

<_Jjj

aJ-&&*

bill

of Iading

imperf. : to get into a Situation, get

to the point where; to continue to

do s.th.,
to s.th.

Lul_^ bli/iyd Bolivia


JJ_jj

go on or keep doing
II to

s.th., stick

b/ Bolivian

brood (by night; a about

s.th.); to

contrive, hatch (*

an

evil plan,

J against

Ol~JjJl b daal-baulin uremia


s.o.),

plot (J against s.o.); to put


(. s.o.)
|

up

for

Pji

bm

(coU.; n. un.

')

pl. ^IjjI

abwm owl

the night
to flunk,

J*~J\

j i

(faff; eg.)

fail

promotion (pupil) IV to put


( s.o.)

j^j

baun, &n interval, distance; difference


(coli.; n.

up

for the night


pl.

jL*

un.

ben tree (Moringa;

60*.) bot.)

C-u bait

Oj-j buyt, oUj-j buytt

horse-radish tree (Moringa oleifera;

house, buding; tent (of nomads); room;

Egyptian willow (Salix aegyptiaca L.


60.)

apartment,
oase,

flat;

(garden) bed;

family;

box, covering,

sheath;

pl.

oUj-j

large, respectable houses ; respectable

fam<i~u

tj'J^oAy. B^enoe Aires

iliee;

(pl.

c*LI abyt) verse

lj^\

Jjj (Engl.) bni pl. J\ji bawni

pony

b.

al-ibra (navigator's)

compass; ^Jl Jl

ahl ai-b. family, specif., the family of the


l bh coitus; sexual potenoy; sexuaty

Prophet; ^l^Jl Ji people from good,


respectable families;

W-r*_H (Eng'-) bhimiy Bohemia


Lf

ijLf

^\Jj?>

(tij*

riy) commercial houses; fl^J-l C-*Jl (ha*

~*ji bhtmi

Bohemian

(adj.

and

n.)

rm) the Kaaba;


i_j^V1
lall

^J-1 Cjj b. al-kala

and

*T~*ji

bhimiy
life

Bohemianism,

Bo-

C~u b.al-adab toilet, water closet;

hemian
*ijji

~u origin or seat of the disease;


(ri/J)

Jjj c-w

country house;

J-^JtlS

ba*na the tenth month of the Coptio

and
the

J.-^.Jt

c-u

(the essential, principal


i.e.)

year
*iji

verse of the kasida,


gist,

the quintessence;

(Turk. boya) bya paint; shoe polish


<Jt-X* iJf^iJi
f 6?*)

the essentials, the hit of s.th.; Stands out from the rest, the

s.th. that

^yV* houae

painter,

right thing ; J- c-u baitalahm 2 Bethlehem


ilil

painter; shoeahine, bootblack


i-j

cjJI the ruling house; JLLI


fisc,

^u

treae(lal.

bayya

= *Aj

look

np alphabeticaUy

ure house;

treasury, exchequer

Law); (Tun.) administration of vacant


*iu see *j)

Muslim

eetates

oL

biyda infantry (Eg.)

domestio, private, J~j baiti

home, of the

^jLj

otyti

infantryman, foot soldior

house, house-

(in

Compounds) ; domes-

ticated (animals);

homemade

jL, UL,

_jj'Lj

bjyn, biyna, biyn pl. oLLj


~ljt buwait pl. -t small house; small

ftiy<5iW
1

piano

tent
l

_-u 6i6 pipe, tube; feed pipe, spout (of a

reservoir or tank)
i-jj

oL> bayyi

pl.

-n and UL bayyta
(pl.

boarder (student);
&iba (Western) amoking pipe

-n)

pupil

of a

boarding achool

{tun.)

Oj-> bayyt stale, old


c-i-.

jjj bir Peru


(Fr. bureau) bir pl. -( office,

mab ovemight

stop,

overnight

jjy
Cjjjsj

bureau

stay; shelter for the night


cJ\j
^JaJi

bau stale, old; (eg.) not promoted, j (^off) in school


mubayy
plotter, schemer, intri-

bairP Beirut (capital of Xjebanon)


ijjju

bairii

pl. *3j\ji

bawrita,

iyU

Cj-.

bayrifa a native or inhabitant of Beirut

gant

^IjJjjy biruqrfi bureaucratic

UUwj
1

fti/m

and
i

Im

bxj&ma pajama

<^\Jjjo biruqrfiya bureauoracy; red


tape

{-u) jIj bda

to perish, die, paas away,

beoome eztinot IV to destroy, exterminate, eztirpate (*,


jl -u baida
(esp.,
* s.o.,

UUju

bizanfiy

Byzantium
Byzantine

s.th.)
(jl*j>j bizanft

anna although, whereas;


jaj 6i*5n bison
(,j^Lj) (j-ilj fc^a

introducing a sentence:) yet, how...

ever, but,
#I-U

though
to lay eggs (also *); to stay,
(<_*

bait*

pl. -L>

bid,

CjIjI-U

bat*
settle

down, be or become resident


|

at

dwt desert, steppe, wilderness


a place)
rjij iSd

^L
up

(tM*-/arrofca) to

jU ibda

annihilation, extermination,

be

bom and grow


white,

in

a place; to
(plague) II to

eradication, extirpation
jJL b'id passing, transitory, temporal; past,

establish itself

and spread
paint

make

white,

whitewasb,

bygone
muAicZ
deBtructive,

whiten (*
annihilative
|

s.th.);

to bleach, blanch (*
rice, etc.); to tin,

X-.
(pl. -t)

s.th., textiles,

Iaundry,

means of extermination

oi.1*

tinplate (* s.th.); to

make a

fair

oopy

(*

Sj^Jj- (Ao&wiytj) inseotioides


s

of s.th.)
s.o.

u^Li (wajhah) to make appear blameless, in a favorable


|

*4-j

*jLj look

up

alphabetically

light,

to whitewash,

exculpate,

vindi-

jXj baidar

pl.

j^Lj ftoyrftf' threshing floor


JJL)
pl.

cate, justify s.o., play s.o. up,

make much
s.o.;

of s.o.; to honor

s.o.,

show honor to

Jxj

baidaq

(and

JjLj

ftoydtj*

*4*tj *>' tj*^,

ma y God make him


V
this doesn't

happyl

pawn

(in chess)

4iij*

&. ^jm

LfXj see

Ujb
bayyra

a favorable light
alphabetically
or

pass. of II;

ahow him in IX to be

become white
^jj baid
4-i-*
pl.

*D

jLrf

pl. -(

(paJ.)

irrigation

^j-j buy4 eggs


un.) pl. -t egg; testicle;
|

wheel; plantation
baida
(n.

Ijo, ;>j

(It. birra) btr,

bira beer

\jJ\ *!-*

helmet; main part, substance, essence


iLjJI 5-i-i b. ad-dik (the

fTio^na' oZ-6.

brewery

egg of a rooster
extraordinary

J_tj

bairaq

pl.

jjL bayrvf

flag,

banner,

i.e.)

an

impossible
**-)

or

Standard
jlo>j|u

thing ; oUI
bairaqdr color-bearer, Standard

b.

al-balad

a man held
<*-j

in high esteem in his


jLfJI
(6.

Community;

in-nahr)
6.

in

broad day light;


the hottest part

bearer
.Ju-Jl
5-i-i

a-fiaif

aJjJI

JU-

(Fr. Pyrin&es) jihl al-birinek

the

of the summer; f^UVl *-*^ the territory


or pale of Islam;
j-jJI

Pyrenees

<*ij j* vliJJl

; ;

<J*?.

jUjJl i--j

(6.

id-din, b. il-wafan) defense

a night spent awake;


natural death; #L*-j

,_

r*ri^l Cj
(i/(u2)

^'

(mauf)

of the faith, of the country; jj\


b.

iju

Oj

beneficent

al-kidr a

woman
a

secluded from the


chaste,

hand, benefaction

outside

world,

respectable

^-- mabxd, mibya4 ovary


*-*^j tabyida fair copy

(<mw(.)

woman
^_) baidi,
ijyjt-i

baidawi and (jjLi-j

baidwi egg-shaped, oviform, oval, ovate


<^._.u

^'~*ri' ibytdd leukemia (med.)


6*K$
pl.

buyaida and *Jb_^ buwaida

,^-ijlj

pl.

u-j'^

ftaur'^

(egg-)

small egg, ovule;

ovum

laying

^Lj
wash;

bayd white, wbiteness; white-

u-acr* mubayyj,
fair

pl.

-n whitewasher;

(in

(pl. -()

hairen, desolate, un-

bleacher; tinner; copyist, transcriber (of

cultivated land, wasteland; gap, blank

copy)

space

a manuscript); blank; leucoma


pl.

'*-**

mubayyada

fair

copy

(med.);
linens;
~}\

linen,
(ayr.)

oL#Lj
butter,

linen

goods,
J*~>
|

baifara to practice veterinary science;

milk,

and eggs
al-

^Lj
,>*jl

to shoe {* a borse)

6-

ol-baid

white of egg,

bumen;

the eye;
(acc.)

^Lj 6. al-'ain the white of ^Lj b, an-nahr daylight, by day, during the daytime; ^Lj
jL,Jl

jLkj baifr
narian; farrier
<jj*z>

pl.

*^Lj bayfira

veteri-

baifari veterinary

ji^^JI
ts^d>.

<-JJl

*JJ i'_j-j **jj


lailihi
6.

bayda yaumihx wa-sawda

{#>&)

veterinary medicine;

vi^

by day and by night; o^l


a Nile

^Lj
J*
l

veterinarian
*J*z> baifara
(*~>)
9-\j

al-wajh fine character, good reputation

^Lj ^Lj
or

veterinary science; farriery


__.
l-

Jir* jmajfc 6.

fish

(eg.);

blank, free from writing, printing


(J

b'a

i (bat',

mabi') to

seil (*

marks, uninscribed; (jAjjI or)


(labisa, iriad)
pl.

-J

s.th.,

or J to

s.o.,
(

for a price) III to


s.o.);

^LJl

to dressin white
fcuyutf, bid (egg-)

u"j* bayd
laying
,j-i^l
6t<J
2
,

^
LL

make a homage
giance
(

contract
(

with

to pay

to

s.o.);

to acknowledge as
(

sovereign or leader
to)

s.o.),

pledge

alle-

IV to

offer for sale (* s.th.)


sale, con-

abyad

f.

baid'*,

pl.

lJ

-i=j

VI to agree on the terms of a

white; bright; clean, shiny, polished;


noble,
sincere

clude a bargain VII to be sold, be for sale


VIII to buy, purchaae (&> * s.th. from
s.o.

blameleas,

(character)
pl.

empty, blank (sheet of paper);

oLi~JI
**?>)

and
Vj

from

s.o.

s.th.)

*!. 9-LjI

al-btdn the white race; ,jj*^' white of


egg,

(abt'u, abl'uh) I don't trust

^ him

alhumen

Li~>

^jl

(ard) harren,
"*jjj
_j

uncultivated land, waateland; Li-*


(taura)

bai' pl. f-j-j


|

buy', C/ie-j^ buy't

peaceful,
l^A-'l

bloodless

revolution

sale

*-Ji

for Bale; *i^*-

(oL^

or) 5-jj
sale

a^-i^ jVI (J
^^-iVl

(haif) first

light of

dawn;
^tA-JL

(jabrlya)

forced

sales,
_j

compulsory

<^MJi\

(dahab)
steel;

platinum;

by auction;
Law);

*i-l

(jumla) wholesale

with cold

Lj
is

ci-rf* (sohl*

sale; jU-'lj *?> (Jciyr) optional sale (Isl.


i_-iij

fatuk) his reputation

good; he has

j*^

*~j

(li-kiri rgtbin) sale

noble deeds to his credit, he has a noble


character; UL> <Ja^ (suhuf) noble, glorious deeds; ULj ji5~l
lie,

to the highcst bidder; i-JI j b.al-'ina


credit Operation (Isl.
*_j

Law)
arrangement
transaction,

(ukdba) white

bai'a
deal,

agree ment,

fih;

Lkj UJ

(iatla)

a sleepless night,

husiness

commercial

bargain; eale; purchase;


into the bargain
f

homage

<*_JI

J*

evident (a

s.th.);

to announoe (a s.th.);

to atate (a a.th.); to ahow, demonstrate


(a a.th.); to explain, (a s.th.),

bayy' ealesman, merchant, dealer,

expound, eluoidate

commission agent, middleman


j

throw
(

light (a on) III to part,

go away

from), leave
(*,

s.o.);

to differ,

maM'

sale,

pl. -l

Bales

(esp.

on

be different
(a);

from), be unlike s.th.


s.th.),

the stock market)

to contradict (a

be contrary

UjL>

mubya'a

pl. -(

conclusion of

(a

to);

to confliot, be at variance, be

contract; homage; pledge of allegiance;

inconaistent (a with s.th.) IV to explain,

transaction
f-Ljjl ibtiy*
mj\j

expound, elucidate (J a
purchase
i*L
b'a
seller,

s.th.

to s.o.);

to separate,

aift,

distinguish (j* a a.th.

from); to be clear, piain, evident


b'i'
pl,

to be

vendor;

or

become

clear, intelligible (J to s.o.);

dealer,

merchant; salesman

to turn out, prove in the end, appear, be-

oLi b'i'a
,-* moftt'

aaleawoman

come evident; to
oxplained
(

follow (j* from),


;

be
dis-

j* by)

to

be

clearly

and

f-L*

mub' Bold

tinguished (j* from); to seek to ascertain


(a a.th.), try to get at the facta (a of);

f-Lw mufcf' buyer, purchaser


2

i*j

6l

to eye or examine criticaliy, scrutinize


pl.
-t,
jj

ftiya'

(CAr.)

church;
(a,

synagogue
iL be
{eg.) t big,
(title

s.o., s.th.);

to look, peer (a at);


s.th.
(a),

to

see

through

see

clearly,

bek

pl.

ol_^j b&gawt
cf. iiL

(syr.)

perceive,notice,discover,find out (a s.th.);


to distinguish
differ,

bey

of courtesy);

(j* a s.th. from)

VI to be

iijSLj
jl*j bikr

bekawya rank of bey


compass, {pair
of) dividers

be

different,

be

opposed,

contrary; to vary greatly, differ widely; to vary,


differ, fluctuate

(ju between two

^iLSlj Bee ^iL5


*SLi

amounts or

limita)

to be or

become
per-

clear, piain, evident; to Bee,

know,

(Fr.) blkek

piqu6 (fabric)
ball
|

ceive, notice (a s.th.); pass. ustubina to

'J-.

(Fr.

ftttfe) &(/

J-j

^^f

follow clearly, be clearly seen (j* from)


jfcurai 6.

ball

bearing
2

difference
*Lo ta/a see
J_jj

^j bain Separation, division; interval; ^r-Jl olj enmity, disunion,


|

discord;
(bot.)

^r-JI

in the

meantime, mean-

LL
sis

batbudn black eider

while

L-jlfL billiarsiy bilharziasia, Schistosomia(med.)

^j baina

(prep.)

or ^j
j

^'t

fi-m

b-

between; among, amidst

^o either
pj\ jlf

marble

or, partly

partly,

e.g., ,>j

*-Lj (Ft. fite) bilya pl. -i little ball,

LSnJL^j c~l

(pmitin wa-mutakalli*

Ii-j^j bimriatn hospital; lunatic asylum


l

min) the crowd was divided among thoae

who were
(Lfi\)

ailent

and those who talked;

<J^

bna

(Lj bayn)

to be or beout,

*iM ?. iyadaiki) in front of him, before

come
ij^iw

piain, evident,

come

come
(<>.>

to

him, in his presence; with him, on him,


in his possession, e.g., <jJj

light; to be clear (J to s.o.);

bain,

ju

^^

(si*

bainna)

to

part,

bo

separated

lha)
is

he hasn't got a weapon on him, he


jJJi j^t ^j

(j* from) II to

make

clear, piain, visible,

unarmed;

meanwhile,

in

the

meantime;

iS

J6 ^uj

J_j

Ipi

in

ijj

Jp

as has been provod;


;

^i J jlT

my

heart, at heart, inwardly; v^'-P

in hia

Jh arme; Ji j* min bainihim from


their midst; jv
J-j

to be fully aware of to be well-informed,


well-poeted, up-to-date about

among them, from

jul abyan* clearer, more distinot, more

something between, a cross, a mixture,


a combination ; neither good nor bad,

obvious

medium,

tolerable;

ju Ju

^i something

Lu

tibyn exposition, demonstration,

between, a cross, a mixture, a combination; j-^Tj C-Jj j^-j (waqt, kar), j^>
tSj*~\j

explanation, illustration
j-^jj

tabyin

and

i'Lt

ibna exposition,

*J*

{fatra,

ukr) at times, fxom

demonstration, explanation, illustration


j-Lj tabyun difference, unlikeneas, dis-

time to time

juL m-bain
Ljj

look up alphabetically

similarity, disparity

bain,

]u

bainam

(conj.)

while;

JjLj tabyuni different, differing, oonflicting

whereas
(jy

bayym

^lj
clear,

piain, evident,

b'in

clear,

piain,

evident,

obvious,

ob(di-

vious, patent;

2 (pl. LjjI afcytn' )

eloquent
vorce;
JjLJI

patent;
Isl.
b,

final,

irrevocable
|

Law); of great length


towering,
of

^U

bayn
,

pl. -i

cleamess, plainneas,
;

af-fl

unusual

patency

obviousness

Statement,

dec-

height (person)
o'lj b'ina bride's

laration,

announcement; manifestation
iij.
j-^t

dowry

explanation, elucidation, illustration ; In-

formation, newe ;
ficial)
list ;

(official)

report,

(of-

mabyna
mubin

distance
piain,

statement;

enumeration,
the

index,
;

clear,
|

evident, ob-

eloquence

LJt
j

Koran

aee

vious, patent
j-Li*

^1\

t^bijl

the

Koran
dif-

also alphabetically
(journ.); LJl

JLiA.1

Lj correction

mutabyin dissimilar, unlike,


vaxying

je- ^i-

(ganiy) Belf-explana-

ferential, differing,
2

tory,

aelf-evident;

jLJI
*

1*

al-b.

rhetoric; jLJI JJ*

ff al-b. explicative

Lj, oLj look up alphabetically

apposition (gram.)

t^l see
JLj bayni explanatory, illustrative;
rhetorical

^LSj

y^u
pl. -t

see ji*

Cm bayyina

clear proof,
(Isl.

indis-

4-j

bih

= iL
(Engl.) biyrih puree
(Fr. pyorrhle) biyrSh

putable evidence ;

evidence

Law)
|

a document serving as evidence


iJjt
(?rfiya)

Cm
3

ojjj
4jj_j-j

ciroumstantial evidence;

pyorrhea (med.)

Cj abbreviation of ^Jj telephone to (particle introducing oaths)

Ij i*

name
fd&t

of the letter Cj
pl.

by,

Jji\S

O^jIj

CjjIjJ

tawbit 2

box,

case,
|

ta-hi

by Godt

ehest, ooffer; oasket, coffin, sarcophagus

89

-i^Jl

OjjlJ
ij

t.

al-'ahd ark of the covenant;


(.

jZ

tibr

raw metal; gold

duet,

gold

Lll

OjjU

ra/'

aX-miydh Archime-

nuggets; ore
jUj tabr ruin, destruction
j

dean screw; v'H

&jfi

'

as-sqiya

Bcoop wheel, Persian wheel

tibriya dandruff

Sj-j tbiyk tapioca

jj3
tltl

tabriz*

Tabriz (city in

NW Iran, capital

to'ta'a

to stammer (with fright)

of Azerbaijan province)

^
^t
2

aee gjS
jIj

tabi'a

a (taba, ItAj
(> s.o.,

tab'a) to follow, suc-

ceed

* s.th.),

come
(*,
);

after s.o. or

ojj see

s.th. (*, );
(froaro) to stare (* or Jl

to trau, track
or s.th.
(*,

s.o., s.th.),

IV j^Jl jtM
s.o.)

at

go after hind

s.o.

to walk be-

b.o. ();

to pursue (* B.th.); to keep,


B.th.),

adhere, stick (* to
jlj

observe (*

a.th.)

see
(za

j_jl

to follow, take (* a road), enter


(* jlL) fresh, tender,

upon

a road or course); to comply (* with


to belong, pertain (* to); to be
(

jlj

(=

new

s.th.);

iiU tha fem. of the


iili

demonstrative pronoun
tnxha, genit.,

subordinate, be attached

to

b.o.),

be

rfto (dual

nom. ii!

under
under

s.o.'b ()
s.o.
()

authority or
^jj-JI
|

command, be

^J {dursa) to
III to follow (*,

acc. tiUw tainika)

attend classes regularly


^Tjj,

fjl

tau'am,

f.

pl. r\j>

tow'tm*

s.o., s.th.;

also
e.g.,
(

= to
with

keep one's mind

twin
Ja* Uli

or eyes on,

on a development); to
s.o.,

agree, concur

at-tmlz tbe

Thames
tea
j*-\
|

J*

in s.th.),
(*,

be in agreement or conformity

Jp

jlj ty (fun. t

afgr.)

jU

black tea

with); to pursue, chase, follow


m s.th.); to

up

( b.o.,

continuo (* s.th.; j^sairah


(*

j^jjU ty&r

and

^U

tySr (Fr. tailleur) pl. -f


suit, tailleur

on one' way), go on
rank, etc.); to place

with or

in)

ladies'

taored
*

IV to cause to Bucceed or follow


(* s.o.)

(in time,
s.o.'b

under

t_J

toMa

(tabb,

^- taai,

_jLj tabb)

to

()
(
t

authority or command, subordinate


to
b.o. s.o.,

periah, be destroyed
stabilized,

to stabilize, be

* > to s.th. s.th.)


fig.
:

to

be or becomo atable; to be

follow (* B.th., esp.

a topic, a devel-

settled, established, well-ordered, regulr,

opment,

the

news,

etc.,

= to
(*,

watch,

normal; to progress well

j-VI

*J

_--!

study); to pursue,
s.th.)
;

trail,
;

track

s.o.,

eveiytbing went well with bim


*J

to trace (* B.th.)

to be subordinate
(

Uj tabban lahf

may

evil befall

bim!

(*,

to),

be attached
succession,

to

b.o.)

VI to

may

he perish

follow
I

in

be successive or

consecutive,
<_jLiIJ
istitbb

come

or

happen successively;

normalcy,
stability ;

regularity,

to form an uninterrupted sequence VIII to


follow,

orderliness,

order ;

favorable

succeed
);

oourae or development
C-dl at'tibt Tibet

after (*,

to

or followed
( s.o.),

( s.o., * s.th.), come make (* B.th.) be succeeded (l^ by s.th. eise); to proBecute (

take legal action


obey, heed,

against); to

jy tabara
s.th.)

(tabr)

to destroy, annihilate (*

follow,

obBerve,

bear

in

mind

(*

s.th.);

to pursue (* s.th.); to

c?
examine,
investigate,

study

(*

.th.);

mSJ tatabbu' foUowing (esp.

flg.,

of an
see

pass. uttubi'a to

have or find followers,


s.th., e.g., for

argument,

of

development,

adherents ( Je for
*-x
right *Jl

an idea)

above); pursuit; prosecution; succession,


course 4J4*
{

i-l~- *Jl (siyiuatan)

to pursue a polioy;

jj\d\

^-I=Jt

the course of history;


pros-

(yamtnoA) to keep (to the)


(* s.o.)

iit\jLJ3

('adlxya) legal aotion,

X to make

follow, ask ( s.o.)

ecution

to follow; to seduce
its

( s.o.);

to have as

consequence,
to

engender,

>&
entail
o.a.,

tatbu succession; relay (ailet.);

(*

s.th.);

subordinate

to

make

i Ld U

consecutively ,

Buocessively ,

in

Buccesaion; seriaUy, in serialized

form

subservient to
*-j

o.s. (* a.th.)

taba'

auccesaion; Bubordinateness,

f LJl a

ittib*

following; pursuit (e.g., of


(to),

dependency; following, followers; subordinate, Bubservient (J to a.th.);


successively, consecutively;
<uiiU

policy) ;

adherenoe

compliance

(with), observance (of); J UL-jl ittiba'an


li

J LJ

taba* an

according to, in accordance or confonn-

according

to,

in

accordance

with,
to, in

ity with,

pursuant

to, in

observance of

purauant to, in observance of; due

consequence
(pl.
f-Lj!

of,

as

the result of;

O l/V O
*=*V"'

ittib'i olassical

alba)

follower,

companion,
national,

baiya

classicism
fol-

adherent,

partisan ;

sub ject,

-jU tbi* pl. *J taba'a, flJ tvbba

Citizen; appertaining, appurtenant, per-

lowing, succeeding, subaequent; subsidiary, dependent; minor, secondary; sub-

tinent, incident

yJ
i

iaba'%

ijj

"<*y*-

uquba)

in-

ordinate (J to

s.o.),

under

s.o.

(J); be-

cidental punishment (;r.)

longing (J to); subject to

s.o.'s (J)

au-

thority or competence; adherent (J to),

4aJ tabi'a
sibility,

pl. -t

consequence; respon|

following (J s.o. or s.th.);


alba
1

(pl.

ftjl

responsihleness
s.o.

Je

l*-di Jll (alq)

adherent, follower, partisan; eub-

to

make

or s.th. responsible
r

ject, Citizen, national; subordinate, serv-

f LJ tib following attached, attending, adjunct; (pl. JlJ ta*


pl.

jJ tob?
r%
)

ant;

faototum;

(pl.

*j)y)

appositive

(gram.) ;

appendix,

addendum, Supple|

b'i

follower, adherent, partisan; aide,

ment;

function [math.)

<*jUI

JjjJI

help, assistant, attendant, servant


1jJ

{duwal) the satellite countries


**jU
tbi'a
pl.
-jijj

taba'iya

pl.

-t

Subordination,

tawabi'*

female

subjection; subordinateness, dependenoy;


citizenship,

attendant,

woman

servant; a female de-

nationality ;

l^i U

subse-

mon who accompanies women;


result; encies,
{pol.},

appurte-

quently, afterwards; oonsequently, hence,


therefore, accordingly

nance, dependency; consequence, effect,


responsibility;
pl.

*j}y

depend-

ULJ by one
i*jL.

tib'an in succeBsion, successively,

dependent

territories;

O satellites

consecutively, one after the other, one

^1>JI JjJl {duwal) the satellite

countries

mutba'a following, pursuing, purcontinuation


intensification
its

4-juU tbi'iya nationality, citizenship

suit, prosecution;

f LjI itba repeating a

{gram.)

by
con-

by)

fj~* matbu foUowed, succeeded (<_> one to whom service or obedience is


;

word with

initial

rendered, a leader, a principal (as distal-

sonant changed, such as katir

ba\\r

guished from aU subordinate)

91

il=u muiaibi* auocessive, oonsecutive

jtf tajara

u and Till
(

to trade,

do

business;
(

^ju muttaba' observed, adhered


complied with
(e.g.,

to,

to deal
s.o.)

or

in s.th.) III do.

with

regulation, custom);

followed, traveled (road, course)

jlf Hjra

commerce;

traffio,

trade;

merohandise

*J

ttbg pl.

9jS tvbQ tobacco


tfjtf
tijri

oommercial,

meroantilo,

Jj

tabala i to oonsume, waste,


(.

make

siok

trade, trading, business (used attributively);

s.o.;

said of love)

II,

III

and JjjJ

oommeroialized

jjL*:' c-u

(6a)

taubala to spiee, season (* s.th.)


JjL" tbai,

commeroial house, business house; ^i-I


cori-

tb

pl. JiljJ

tawbiP

4jjUJI (Aarofa) trade,


(Sirka)
(ittifq)

traffio; jjtf
;

Sf^i
JLL'I

ander

(bot.); spiee,

condiment, aeasoning
leb.)

trading

Company

^jU"

trade agreement
pl.

*JjJ tabbfa (ayr.,

a kind of salad
jc matjar

made
lemon

of bulgur, parsley, mint, onion,


juice, apices,

^U

moAS/tr* business,

and

oil

transaction, dealing; merohandise; Btore,

shop J>~- matbl


(love-)sick,

weak, ravaged,
tj*i*

consumed
J-i* muia&ooZspicedjBeasoned^avored;
{ayr.,

matjari commeroial, trade, trad-

ing, business (used attributively)

b.)

stuffed

with a mixture of
spices,

j\jc\ ittijr

trade, business

(<->

in s.th.)

rice,
e.g.,

chopped meat and various

_^- tjir pl. jU: tujjr, tijr merohant,


trader, businessman, dealer, tradesman
iUi-l
jij-l;
f.
|

Ji.

OL: iL

(b4injn)

stuffed

eggplant
jlJ (Fr. tableau) tablOh pl. -&t a painting

al-jumJa wholesale dealer;


at-tajn'a

jjpdl j.\j

t.

and ^ILiJl _^-

(.

oZ-gt^Ti retailer

^u

tibn

straw
tibni straw<colored, flaxen

_^-U 4*L*>

Mf&Ta &2;ira Balable, market-

JJ

able merohandise

oLt tabbn straw vendor


UJI ^jj^ darb at-tabbna the Milky

tujba (prep.) in front of, opposite, face to face with, facing

Way
^z* matban
Btack
iT^-w tabiyk
J

il^ tahta (prep.) nnder; below,


pl.

beneath,

^b.

matbin* straw-

underneath
probation;
j%*j*=N <L^-

^dl

-*

(tajriba)

on
i^

in

an ezperimental

State;

in preparation;

JiiJ-l

tapioca
(At/z) in oustody,

under guard; jliJI i^


c-*=

>l

<rf-tatar

and jHI

(rf-ta#r
;

the Tatars

(mdd),

OjJ_I)I

due,
(com.)
;

outstanding,
j-^LJI

unsettled,

unpaid

^ Ju
fl

totori

Tatarian Tatar
_r"j)

c^
in

under

arms;

^ef c-^

(Azm'tAim)

if-rj

talr (from

one after the other,

their hearing, for them to hear ; *iJ^J}\

^J.

successively, in succeBsion
ii-UJ (t'jfc

(taswiya) outstanding, unpaid, unsettled


(com.);

J\ji\

^J

(itrfi)

under the
of;

trigger

patronage or superintendence
j jaAJI
rufihi)

c^
r )

Ju

tulun tobacco

suboonscious ;

*j-*J

c^

(ta$ar*

at bis disposal; JJl z~* (fab

in

,^>J3 teians tetanus (mJ.)

press;

[y#

cJi-

(unwni) under the

title

Q2

of;

LJLfrl

* (a'ywnin) before our eyes;


in

takm, tukm

pl.

fj

tuhm bound-

^j^\.cJtJj

traming;

oJI

c^
tahti

(yad)

ary, border, borderline, limit


ji-\t

in hand, at hand, avaable, in


hifl

handy; * from

mutkim neighboring, adjacent


tadruja pheasant

power;

c*- ,>

min

linder,

from beneath; under


tahiu
(adv.)

r-j^j iadruj*, **-j4j

cJ-

below,

beneath,

j*X)

tadmur 1 , usually pronounced tudmur*


city of Syria,

underneath

Palmyra (ancient
(in

now a

JU^
pounds)
J*.

tahtni lower, under|

Com-

small village)
iSj*

<J^ lH^

underwear
# s.o.

tadmuri,
j

usually

pronounced

IT to preaent (^
'*}J-

or #

with

s.th.)

tudmuri anyone

j^-tf V nobody, not

a living bouI
luhfa pl. i_4* fuAa/ gift, preaent;
(fig.),

gern

curiosity,

rarity,

article
|

of

j\J
\*j*-\j

{eg.\ tarbtza) pl. -t

table

virtu, objet d'art;

work of art

Ji *i-

fjannlya) unique
Jt!*

work of art
jil.

trkm trachoma (med.)


terrasse) ters terrace

mathaf

J*-U*

maiahif1 mu-

^J (Fr.
f'/

seum

m^JI ijt^i* m. ai-Sam* waxworks

iS^J

tr&m, tramwy

tramway

f
1

takka

to become sour, ferment (dough)


<>J tariba a to be or
pl.

become dusty, covered

j takt

Ojic

tulft

bed, couch; benoh;

with dust

II

and IT to cover with dust


* s.th.) III to be s.o.'b

Beat; sofa; ehest, oase, box, coffer, cabinet;

or earth (
()

s.o.,

wardrobe; platform, dais; band,


j

mate or comrade, be of the same age


as
s.o.)

orohestra
royal

ilUI

cJ*

t.

al-mulk throne;
SXJLl

to be dusty, be oovered with

residence,

capital;

cJe

(.

dust
<~>j tirb pl. <-*lyl atrb person of the

al-mamlaka capital (of a oountry)


ljj cJc, o\jjJ taktaruwn, taktara*

wn mule-borae
cit

litter

same age, contemporary, mate, companion, comrade


<>J tarib dusty, dust-covered

biMa board; deak; blaokboard


to rot, deoay

aiJ tnrba
iric tafctafca
1

pl.^ w_r

turab dust;

earth,

dirt;

ground

(also fig.); soil; grave,

tomb;

Je tajcima a to Buffer

from

Indigestion, feel

graveyard, cemetery, burial ground

siok from overeating IT to surfeit, satiate


( s.o.);

ijj turabi
<~*\j

pl.

-iya (eg.) gravedigger

to give
a.o.);

( s.o.)

indigestion,

make

turb pl. *ij\ atriba, \*J tirbn

siok

to overstuff, cloy (* the

stomaoh)

TIB

duat, earth, dirt ; ground, soil

*Je tttffama, tuhna


indigestion, dyspepsia
/_>*

J>\J turbi duaty; dustlike, powdery;


pl.

J txtkam, -t

earthlike, earthy; dust-colored, gray

matjpm Buffering from indigestion,

**\J turba

cement
thorax
desti-

dyspeptio
1

1*jjT tariba pl. t-Jl,/ tar'ib* ehest,

J iafcama i to fix the limits of (*), delimit,


limit,

hj+ matraba

poverty, misery,

oonfine,

bound

(*

s.th.)

Ol

to

tution; (pl. -oU* matrib*) dirt quarry

border (* on), be adjacent (* to

s%th.)

i^J mtUrib dusty, dust-covered

93

AJ
^s*
motroa, mitras
pl. pl.

^J larbaaa
^\*J

(== ^-jjj) to bolt (*


iJ

a door)

^jU*

matris*

tirba pl.

mu\j

tarbia 2 ,

^-Aj

and ^1^* mitrs

tarbia2 bolt, latch (of a door or

window)

Lr>j\^> matria* bolt, door latch; rampart, bulwark, barricade;


esp. pl. Lrij\i* barricades

Cr^.J

tarbantln turpentine
<iL-y tarana, outf/" tarakna arsenal; ahip-

juj

(eg.)

tarabeza table

yard, dockyard

l/.ij turbin pl. -t turbine

J-*y (Fr.
3ja-j-* (It.

tricycle) tricycle

tt*\j

see <Zjjj
tirtir

terrazzino) tarasina

baloony
fll

jj
frJ

gold and silver spangles

(eg.)

fj

tari'a

a to be or become

(vessel)

IV to
tarjama to translate
(* s.tb.

11 (a s.th., esp.

a vessel)
tura',
-dt
t,

je from

**/
feeder,

tur'a

pl.

one language

Jl to another); to Interpret
artificial

fj
|

canal;
<-trd
~**J

waterway
irrigation

i\j*^\

**j

(* s.th.); to treat (* of s.th.)

by way of

canal;

^JtJj^\
ic-jXJl

ezplanation, expound (* s.th.); to write a

drainage canal (Eg.);

ii^l

the

biograpby (J of
<*lj tarjama
lation;
LA-I

s.o., also )

Kesidence of the Sultan of Morocco

pl.

2 j~\J tarjim trans-

Interpretation;

biography

(also

J*v,

AU/
tarifa

turgul, turgua turtledove

a*;J); introduction, preface, fore(of

tjy

a to live in opulence, in lurury


( s.o.);

word

a book) S.i.^JI
|

*jh J)\

(aab'inlya)

IV to effeminate
opulent

to provide with

the Septuagint
l*;

means,

Surround with luzury

turjumn

pl.

***\J

tarjima,

(. s.o.)

**-\j tarjim 2 tranelator, Interpreter

Jt j

taraf

and

*ij

turfa

luxury,

frJ* mutarjim
biographer

translator, interpreter;

opulence, affluence; effemination

J>j
rious
j

tarif

opulent, sumptuous, luxu-

frJ* mutarjam translated


LUI {film)

J* frJ^*

synchronized (film)

Jy* mutraf living in ease and luzury;


sumptuous, luxurious; luxuriously adorned, ornate, overdecorated
(<-

rj

tariha a (tarah)
II

and V to

grieve, be sad
(* s.o.)

and IV

to grieve, distress
pl.

with)

rj

tarah

~\J\ atrk grief, distress,

^-Uy
Jiy

tirfa (magr.) truffle (bot.)

Badness

tarfala to strut

j jj

tarzl pl.

*jjj iarziya

(eg.) tailor

tarquwa

pl.

Jly

tarqin

collarbone,

<ijj iarziya tailoring


l

clavicle (anat.)
!

W^J

^odk up alphabetically
II to

iiy taraka

(tark)

to let be, leave, renquish,


s.th.);

renounce, give up, forswear (*


t(Jj

to

provide with a ehield or armor


iura pl. ^IjTl

desist,

refrain,

abstain

(*

from

s.th.);

tfj

atra,

shield; disk of the sun;

^yjj tura
tira pl.

to leave, quit
out,

{* s.o.,

* a place); to leave

tura
at-t.

omit,

drop,

neglect,

pass

over,

cogwheel, gear

j\ 3jX~*> aundq

skip (m s.th.); to leave (J or Jl * s.th. to);


to leave behind, leave, bequeath,

gearbox, transmiasion ; ^yil dlf aamak


at-tura turbot (zool.)

make
j

over (*

s.th.,

J to

s.o.;

as a legacy)

4;
J*i
(/i

94

&j

to let s.o.

do

s.th.; Jl

IjK* iiy

tarika a to concern o.a. with trifles

to leave one place for (another) ; u i

*f/

*y
farce;

turraha
lie,

pl.

-t

sham, mockery,

dimma(tAt) to leave

s.th. in s.o.'s care,

humbug, hoaz

leave s.th. to s.o.; *JU. Jp


s.th.

*Sj

to leave
or

or s.o. unchanged, leave s.th.

alj/ (Fr. Troade) tirwda Troy


<->jS (Engl, troop) squad, platoon
Lfj'j-*
;

s.o.

alono; *jtij
s.o.

*Sj

(wa-sa'nah) to

leave

alone, leave s.o. to his


( s.o.);

own

squadron

devices III to leave


{ s.o.);

to leave alone
(

*-?JJ

iawrl)

cavalry

squadron

to leave off hostilities

against

s.o.)

jkij-j/

= ^L *y
[

see

under ^~J abovo

i\J tark Omission, neglect; relinquish-

jLy* tiryq theriaca; antidote


_>/ (Fr.) tricot

ment, abandonment; leaving, leaving be-

hind
5*jT

tarika pl. -t (also Urica) heritage,


i*_J (w'o
(f.

*-J

tfw

nine
f.

legacy, bequest
jts.

UJ

tis'ata 'a&ara,

iS/
spinster

tarika pl. <*&\j> tar'ik2 old maid,

_,

*J

'aSrata nineteen

*-J (im* pl.

9-1

Ji

ate'

one ninth, the

5jU mutraka truce


t\jj* matrk pl. -t heritage, legacy

ninth part
j_>*_j

(w'n ninety

X to *J become a Turk, become Turkified, adopt


II to Turkify, Turkicize ( s.o.)

^>UI a(-(' the ninth


JjVl

Turkish manners and customs


iJjjl

J/^
i.

trin 1 al-awwal October,

{j

(JU)I

aj-fnt

November

(Syr., Jr.,

Le&.,

at-turk

and i\\j^\

al-atrk the

Jord.)

Turks

SJ

turki Turkish;

Turk; ISJA

LS'jJL-jS^ tfoko&lovkiy Czechoslovakia


at-tur*
JJL;" til Chile

klya theTurkish language

\Sj

turkiy Turkey

ljU ftftwn2 Tetuan


*j

(city in

N Morocco)

viL jo tatrxk Turkification

abbreviation of JLw, see


ta'i&a

^U
toil,

ls-SV turkistn 2 Turkistan


L5j3l at-turkumn the Turkmen
\t
-

^jJ

((a'oi)

to

work hard,
s.th.)
;

slave,

drudge, wear
tired,

o.a.

out; to be or become

weary (j* of
{

IV to trouble,
irk,

r:

-J turumbfy

(syr.) pl. -t

(Western) drum;
do.; specif.,

inconvenience

s.o.)

to

bother,

&~*j
bass

turumbefa

(eg.) pl. -t

weary,

tire,

fatigue

( s.o.)

drum
i_m ta'abpl.i-jUJl at'b trouble, exertion,

j.k-.y

turumbafgl
(mil.)
"

{eg.)

drummer

labor, toil, drudgery; brden, nuisance,

bandsman
,jj lurmus.

inconvenience,

discomfort,

difficulty,

turms lupine

(bot.)

hardship; tiredness, weariness, fatigue;


pl. <~>\j\ fees,

honorarium
tired,

j*j*J termmitr thermometer

i_-*J

ta'ib

and LJ ta'bn

weary,

turunj see ry'

j\

exhausted

;,

95

&
<J

t_-cli-

mat'ib 2 troubles, pains, efforts;

ta/o

and

*jjJ

tu/A

paltriness,

discomforts, inconveniences, difficulties,


troubles; complaints, ailments,
ille

triviality, insignificance

(at-

*>Uj

tafha paltriness,

triviality,

in-

tending
t-j!*

diflease)

hardships, strains

significance; flatness, vapidity, insipidity,

mvt'ib troublesome, inconvenient,


laborioua ;
;

tastelessness
*Ju

inanity, stupidity, silliness


**U
&/iA
little,

tosome,

burdensome,

irk-

tafih

and

paltry,

some,

annoying

wearisome,

tiresome,

trivial,

trifling,

insignificant ; worthless;
flat,

tiring; tedioua, dull, boring


t^-jd.

commonplace, common, mediocre;


tasteless, vapid, insipid; trite, banal
i^jlj
(

mut'ab tired, weary


to stammer; to shake
s.o.);

ij

ta'ta'a
i*j1

tfiha pl.

**ljj
trifle

fawil/iA*

worthless

itta'iaa to

move,

stir

thing; triviality,
jjliJ see j_j

j*J ta'izz*

Taizz (city in S

Yemen,

seat of

govemment)

3-U7 see

Li

^m

taaaa

a,

ia'isa

a to

fall,

perish; to
ta'asa

IV to

perfect, bring to perfection (* s.th.)

become wretched, miserable;

and

to master,
language),

know
s.th.)

well

{* s.th.,

e.g.,

IV to make unhappy or miserable, ruin


(. s.o.)

be proficient,

skillful,

well-

versed (* in
ta'a

^m
misery

and i-L

ta'sa wretchedness,

jJ tiqn skillful, adroit


ijLU

taqna

firmness,

solidity;

per-

^m
3

la'is

and
(

rjjJ

ia'la

pl.

l_*J

fection
jSjI alqan*

tu'as* wretched, miserable, unfortunate,

unhappy
LjI
yj-j^-*

more perfect, more thorough


perfection
precision;
;

itqn

mat's

pl. (j-i^li*

mat'is* wretch-

thoroughness,
skill,

ed, miserable, unfortunate, tJ tajfa to spit


tJu
dll

unhappy

exactitude,

thorough

proficiency; mastery,
II

command

(e.g.,
|

of

to say

"phew"
fingernails;

a special

field,

of a language)

U-

tuff

dirt

under the
fie

UT^/I to greatest perfection; of excellent

Uj tuffan laka phew!

on you!

workmanship

O *lij

tafffa spittoon, cuspidor

jij mutqan
Jj
taq
i

perfect; exact, precise

Ilj tafett, *liiJ

taffeta

to fear (esp. God) VIII see


pl.

Jj

*-LiJ

tujfh (coli.; n. un.


<lXi

apple(s)

JJ taqiy

Uul atqiy* 1 God-fearing,

godly, devout, pious


~&J tufka pl.

tufak

(ir.)

gun,

rifle

Jjl atq

more pious and ,^y taqw godliness

tajala

(ta) to spit

Jj
Jij
Jjj"
tufi

(u^oti

and JUJ

tu/Z spit, spittle, saliva

devoutness, piety
1
l

ta/i/

ill-smelling,

malodorous

iJj

tahka u to trample down, trample underfoot, crush (* s.th.); to intoxicate ( 0.0.;

iliu mitfala spittoon, cuspidor

wine)

ta/iAa o (tafak, *>LiJ tafha,

*y tufh) to
2

be

little,

paltry, insignificant; to be flat,

ij tikka

pl.

ilio

(tjfcafc

waistband

(in

the

tasteless, vapid, insipid

upper seam of the trousers)

dl-

"il

takka to tick (dock)


5SJ (iiia pl. -dt ticking, ticktock (of a

spoiled,

be ruined, break, get broken,


II

go to pieces
out, "finish"

to

min

(* s.th.); to

wear

clock), ticking noise


*'<SS

( s.o.)

IY to destroy, anmin, damage, spo,


{* s.th.)

nihilate (* s.th.); to

look

up

alphabetically

break

(* s.th.); to

waste

Oj5o
1

(ufci pl.

of Engl.
to

(tcJtei

iJJJ taiaf ruin, destruction; ruination,

damage, injury, hrm;


il=Sj

loss;

waste

taktaka

trample down, trample


lilj talfn spoiled; useless, worthless,

underfoot (*

s.th.)

good- for - nothing

*iHJ

taktaka to bubble,

simmer

(boiling
,JiLu

matlaf,

ii*

matlafa

pl.

.JiJU.

mass)

matlif deBert
B

J^J

tofctaia to tick (clock)

Ji^j
^jt

mitif wastrel; ruinous, harmful,

4&$o

taktaka ticking, ticktock (of a

injurious
itlf

clock), ticking noise


'iJli& taktik tactics

pl.

-t

annihilation,

de-

struction;
Jt} \j

damage, injury, hrm


ruined,

tlif

damaged, broken

<j takiya

pl.

L&J taky monastery


needy)
atU,
f.

(of a

spoiled,
tjijltt

bad
matlf and
._'[:,

Muslim order); hospice; home, asylum


(for the invalided or
1

mutlaf ruined,

damaged, broken;
j;
toll

spoiled,

bad
destroyer

pl.

J*

till,
|

Jtfl
JJ

Jjl:

tull
!_>!--

hill,

elevation

<_-*jJ

a6*6 Tel

Aviv
injurer;

mutlif

annihilator,

(city in

W Israel)
hardahipa, troubles, adversities

damaging,

ruinous,

harmful,

injurious, noxious
jiij talfaza

t^tull Jj^C

tulle

to televise, transmit by televiaion

toJdttf3

jiij talfaza televiaion


ijjiij

jjj talld,

jJI* fltd,

j^I (Zd inherited, time-

ie i I
I

t^'a

talfaziya

tele vision

honored, old (possession, property)


<^jSLJj tiliskb telescope

broadcast, telecast

O
(*

Jl-ij tilfz

televiaion set

Ju IV to Stretch one's neck; to crane neck)

the

jijiij (Fr. t^Wuwion)

Kvwyn

televiaion

^ilj taljana to telephone

iJj

tal'a

pl.
;

9~ti

t'

hill,

hillside,

UjLj tilifn

and O^LlJ

talifn pl. -dt

mountainside

(torrential)

stream
telephone
.Lit see JJ

*Jj talf long, outstretched, extended;

high, tall

ljiij

tiligrj,

taligrf

pl.
|

-t

telegraph;

Ji; tifia fem. of the demonstrative

pronoun

telegram, wire, cable

Jl l_/ilj J^jl to

send a wire to
jljilJ tiligrfi, taligrfi telegraphio

Jj talam pl.
J*L*

a^AjI

atlm (plow) furrow


as,
{*

talmafa to take on
pupil

or have
s.o.);

for,

JA)

talifa

(ialaj)

to be annihilated, be

or apprentice

to be or
(J of s.o.,

destroyed; to be or become damaged or

become a pupil or apprentice

also

J*),

receive

one's

schooling

or

jJU

taU, UUis

pl.

^-J^

totalis*

sack

training (J*, J from) II tatalmada to be or become a pupil or apprentice (J or


Oj

ji}iAj (Fr. (&wton) (Jfowy3n television

J* of

s.o.),

work
s.o.)

os

an apprentice

jjUJ

pl. -t tallfn

telephone

(J or ij

J* under
talmada

djjS talifni telephonic, telephonedays,


College
(in

IxJJ

sohool

Compounds)
t

years; apprenticeship; (time bf) probation

f tamma

to be or

become complete, combe performed,


s.o.); to

pleted, finished, done; to

jUj tmd leaming,

erudition

be aocomplished (J by

come to
be

JUi; tilmid pl. JL.^ talmid*, lX*-& tal*

an end, be or become terminated; to

mida

pupil, atudent, apprentice; proba|

come
off,

about,

be

brought

about,

tioner; trainee; disoiple

tfj* .LJj (bahri)

effected,

be achieved, come to pass, come

approx.: chief -Warrant


Eff-)l

W-3

(naval rank;
chief

happen, take place, be or become a

tSj** **s*^ (*/<""*)

ftpprox.:

faot; to be
itself;

on hand, be there, present

Warrant W-4 (naval rank; Eg.)


i-Jj tmlda
jl

pl. -t girl

student

continue (J* in); to IV to (J* s.th. or to do s.th.) II and complete, finish, wind up, conclude,
to persist

''

(tWnwn Tlemcen (city in

NW Algeria)

terminate

(*

B.th.);

to

make
fill

complete,
(* s.th.);

Supplement, round out,


SjJl lalmd

up

Talmud

to carry out, execute, perform, accomplish, achieve (* B.th.)

to be oomplete,

* taliha a (talah) to be astonished, amazed,


perplexed, at a loss

completed, finished
j-Lc*

tamm completeness, wholeness,

Jlj

tlih

and

*U*

mutaah at a
|

loss,

entirety, perfeotion; fll, whole, entire,

bewildered, perplexed

JUI

Jli

f.

al-'aql

complete, perfect; separate, independent;


L*Le

absent-minded, distracted
(^JJ)

tamman completely,
perfectly,
|

entirely, wholpreciely,

tal

(jjj (uZu;)

to follow, succeed;

ly,

fully,

quite ;

to ensue;

(*j*&

tilwa) to read,

read

exactly
fll

Afj-b

(badr)

and * le" jJ (qamar)

out loud
(*
s.th.)

(* B.th., J* to s.o.); to recite VI to follow one another, be

moon; oUl **UI


5J&I
fll

AS j

at 6 o'clock

sharp;
in

J A&
sense

(ma'n

hkalima)

successive
jjj

the

of the

word;

>-pL

entirely, completely

twa

(prep.)

after,

upon

J-yl <^~ tamima pl. fix" tam'im* amulet

^>bS" jjj Llifto send letter after letter


j^i

tilwa reading;

publio

reading;

* atarnm2 more complete, more perfect


I

recital, recitation

i* iatimma completion; aupplementasucceeding, subthen, later,


tion
;

Jlj

tlin

following,

Supplement
tatmim
completion;
perfection;

sequent, next; JUiL

bi-t-tli

j.:7

subsequently; consequently, honce, therefore, accordingly

consummation, execution,
alization, effectuation,
a\jc'\

fulfillment, re-

accomplishment
ter-

Jln. mutatlin successive, consecutive


tai (tun.) tulle
tilibtl

itmm completion; perfection;

mination, conclusion; consummation, ex-

J;

ecution, fulfillment, realization, effectuation,

jLJj

telepathy; telepathio

accomplishment

08

fl^l-1

istitmm

termination,

conclu-

xJ

(It.

tena) tanda
pl.

awning rooQng, sun roof


;

sion

jj tannr

j^U; tannir2
pit,

kind

of

tmm complete, perfect, entire; consummate of fll value, Sterling, genuine


jU
;

baking oven, a
for

usuajly clay-lined,

baking bread
(eyr., leb.) (lady')

i!Le"

tumbk Fersian tobacco

(esp. for

the

ljj tannra

skirt

narghile)

^JJ tenni
Ix'

tamtama to stammer, mumble, mutter; to


recite

iUj tanak tin plate

under one's breath


(coli.;

(<_j

s.th.)

j^&J
je"

tanakji tinsmith, whitesmith


pl. -( tin

tamr

n. un.

#,

pl. lamart,
|

jjt

tu

&j tanaka
pot; Jerry can
VIj'U
(finiJfca

mr) dates, esp. dried ones


(hindi) ta marin d (bot.)

Container, can,

<jx jt

^y
pl.

see

lilJ

alphabetically

{tg.

tamargi),

^jj*,

^rjU^',

jr^>
Ju tennis t>r
,>jj

-ya male nuree, hospital attendant;

"<*-jt pl. -t

female nurse

fannin tannin, tannic acid


to stammer, stutter
pl. J-

jji look up alphabetically

nf tahtaha
1

^L-x timsh
aJu

pl. ~-lc"

tamsih 2 crocodile
lks
J

<^

iuhma

tuham accusation, Charge;

tamga stamp; stamp mark waraq


t.

3jj

suspicion; insinuation

stamped paper
rice
Ir., Leb., Jord.)

KAf

tihma*

Tihama, coastal piain along

je tumman

the southwestern and

southem shores of

the Arabian Peninsula

jjx tammz* July (Syr. t


l

ij5

taxvwan right away, at once, immediately;


just (now), this

tunn tuna

(zool.)

very minute

_>dJ

li-t-

*jcJ tinnin pl. jwtJ taJinin* sea monter;

tawwi at once, right away, also with


Suffixes:
(I

pers.

Draco (adron.); waterapout


also alphabetically
*(jU

(metecr.); see

gjd

li-tawwi,

U^J

li-tairwih

have, she has) just...; at once, pres-

ently, immediately

Wnt'

pl. bJ

tunn' resident

C~\\y (Fr. toiiee) tuwl toilette


iiL tunbk (pronounced tumbk)

and
for

jl.i"

tumbak Fersian tobacco


narghile)

(esp.

the

JLo

tinbl pl. J-jLo tanoff* short, of small

matb) to repent, be penitent, do penance;

stature

with

je-:

to turn from

(sin),

be

converted
jCl
(Fr. tfmore)

from,

renounoe,

forawear

tambar

pl.

^J

tanotr*

s.th.;

(said

of God) to restore to His

Btamp
jCi*

(nw^r.)

grace,

forgive

(J*

s.o.)

*ul

Jl

*_jL"

to

mutambar stamped (magr.)


pl.

turn to

God

in repentance II to induce

to repentance or penitence,

make repent

J-U (Turk. tem&el) tambal


lazy

<LLo fcznd&tfa

( s.o.)

to

call

on

s.o. (*)

to repent

*jjj

tauba repentance, penitence, con-

jc-*Cj

{Fr. tungstene) tongdsten

tungsten

trition;

penance

J?
<->l_J

tawwb doing penance; repentant,


contrite;

J\jj

tawwq longing, yearning, eager


craving
(Jl s.th.)

penitent,

forgiving,

merciful

(Jl for),

(God)

Jj
v-JLj t'ib

t'iq longing,

yearning, eager (Jl

repentant, penitent, contrite

for),

craving

(Jl s.th.)

'^l*\tfy(tkaaTnmit/a;eg.)be]t buckle, (mtl.)

^j*jij>
l

tcbojjrfiy

topography
|

Jj

tl tulle

*l>y tut

mulberry tree; mulberry

^J oJ
jj
tun and
<J_J

(ardi) and ^fj' jj (/ro/) strawbeny; ir <^> (Ant) and j-LJI oJ


*.

tna tuna

(zool.)

ai-'u&ng raapberry

y
^yjji

(Turk. tun?) tunj bronze


tnus*, tnia* Tunis

oy tf the firat month of the Coptio calendar


tttyd,

IJJ

LSJ Kty', 1JJ ttiya zinc


(* s.o.; also fig.
_>

^JJ
Tunisian

fnt
(adj.

pl. -fin,

<-Jl_J

tatvnisa

pjj II to crown
with)

* s.th.

and

n.)

to be crowned

*J_J tniya pl. jl_J iauni alb of priests

and

g\5 tj pl.

JUwj

ff/dn
f.

crown; miter {of


al-'amvd capital

deacons (CAr.)
(_J)

a bishop)
{of a

j^JI -U

column or

U tAa u and II

(*J)

.U fAa

pilaster);

ij&\ g\5

and

II

t.

cd-

iura oalotte

*J tuAa daughter
little

_J

tuwaij

crown, Coronet

jJ\Z

(It. teoiro) tiyir

theater

j
jrj*

tatunj crowning, coronation

J^ tooi

pl.

J;lj Bee Jiu

ie0 ftn(i

^jrj*

tgland (Eg. spelling)

Togo
<>')
j\j

(region in
Bee

W Africa)
sometimes, at times
;jlJ(/oron),
|

^^bJ
(^>)

fitn? tetanus (med.)

c^

&
once;

^Ij

*Ao

to be destined, be forcor-

dained (by

fate,

by God; J to
s.o.)

s.o.);

to be

tratan

JjU

SjU, lj_U

granted, be given ( J to
foreordain (i J to
afford, offer (*

IV to destine,
to grant,

(ukr) sometimes

jy sometimes, at times

Ujl;

b.o. s.th.);

s.o. B.th.);

pass. utiha

at
"

other times

to

be

destined,

be

foreordained,
|

be

L>> taurh Torah, Pentateuch ; Old Testament

granted, be given { J to s.o.)


(utiha)

J-iyJI

J -Jl

he met with success, he was

^-ij*'

^.JjJ torpid, turbid torpedo (Bubmissile)


pl. -t

marine

J Jl (furpa) he was given the opportunity, he had the chance


successful; ~<*jib\

iJ> turbin

turbine
tart

jLj tayyr pl.


flood;
fall

-t flow,

stream, course, current,

*Jjj> torta pl. -t pie,

(of a stream);

movement, tend(el.)

enoy, trend; draft (of air);

(Jy) JlS <go (taug, jU_J tawaqn) to long,


yearn, wish (Jl for}, hanker (Jl after),
desire,

current
|

j-iU-

jLj (mub&ir)

and _r^_

jU
jLj

(mustamirr) direct current;

crave,

covet

t-^jLi*

(Jl

s.th.),

atrive

(mutanwib)

and

(Jl for), aspire (Jl to)

>t- jL; (mwto-

gayyir) alternating current;

O v^-k* J ^
1

3J taug, o\JjJ tawaqn longing, yearning, craving, desire

(mutodafc#6)

oscillating

current

(eJ.)

O o^M

jLj (ndAt^) pulsating current;

Ji
Jti gs* j\? (*' at-taraddud) jI ,jS^ j^j high-frequency current;

(bat? at-taraddud) low-frequency current;

^3

(in (coli.; n. un. !) fig


fruit

$jZ u?

(Saulci)

O M^
sion

->y

C*

current;

1-jaM)
*JLi

high-ten-

of the Indian

fig

(Opuntia

ficua-

jW

("**"

indica Haw.)

al-jahd) low-tension current;


{dti) Belf-induoed

O J^ jV

iLJ
{<J)

tainiha see fJU alphabetically

current

jtu matr

(syr.)

dynamo, generator

Lj

iha

to get

lost,

wander about,

lose

one's way, go astray; to stray,

wander
elip (,>.

>" (Turk. teyze) *&a m&teroal aunt

(thoughts); to escape
s.o.'s

(,>. s.o.),

memory); to
to be
(

perish, be destroyed,

law
l

pl.

^iJl oty,

^jJ tuy* billy goat

be lost; to be perplexed, Btartled, astonished;

\ atycu? foolish, crazy _r


I

haughty; to swagger,
|

boast, brag

J* to b.o.)

LJJ
II

44- j

J*

4-U

lijd\ ,yX oi-Awmmd t-ttfdlya typhoid fever ^ji-J iL;


'

a smile

flits

over bis face


(

to mislead,

(t/fi*

typhus

lead astray
(

s.o.);

to distract, divert

s.o.);
s.o.)

to confuse, confound, bewilder

itfca
iJii

fem. of the demonstrative pronoun

IV

=n
desert,

(Uta
<J
tih

trackless

wilderness;

*J^

II (from

Turk.

Je!)

to cable, wire, tele-

maze, labyrinth; haughtiness, pride


LJ

graph

{syr.)

tayyh Btraying, stray, wnde ring;

*JJ
3

f*Z

hemp; Unen
fiber, staple

haughty
jLpJ taihn* Btraying, stray, wandering;

<U

to

perplexed, at a loss, be wildered; proud,


J

(*J) flJ

Mmo

(tatm) to

become enslaved,
to enslave,
(

haughty
Lpj taih''

enthraJled
blindly

by

love;

make
and i*U* matha a
trackless,

Bubervient

s.o.

through

love) II to enslave, enthral (love; * s.o.);

desolate region; i*U* maze, labyrinth


4jLj

to

make

blindly eubservient, drive out


( s.o.;

t'ih straying,

stray,

wandering,

of bis mind, infatuate


-i.

love)

roving, errant;lostinthought, distracted,

mutayyam

enslaved, enthralled (by

abBent-minded;

lost,

forlorn;

infinite;

love), infatuated
'Lj

haughty
(oasis in

taim' 1

Taima

NW

Arabia)

^J^J

(Engl.) tulip

i
f\j

abbreviation of

*JIj

seoond (time unit)

Lj}

tu'aba* yawning, yawn; fatigue,

weariness
fd'

name of

the letter

^
Ji
ta'ara a {tar) to
(

avenge the blood of

^Ju ta'iba a

(^M ta'b) and

VI to yawn

or

i_j),

take blood revenge

(oru

for

101

s.o. killed),
(t-

take vengeance, avenge o.s.

e.g.,

a qualification, a quality, J in
s.th.

s.o.),

on

s.o. for, also

^ or J

for)

IV and

concede (J *

to

s.o.)

to prove guilty,

VIII

jl)l

ta'ara to get one's revenge,

convict (Je a defendant); to enter, record, register,


list
j

be avenged

* s.th. in a book, in

jU

ta'r pl. -l, jTjI

afr, Jj\

tr rerei*^l

a roster,

etc.)

Jj^il

j oJI

(waraq) to

venge,

vengeanoe,
|

blood revenge;
jU
Jj-\

put

s.th.

down

in writing, get s.th.


ilaJI

on

taliation, reprisal

or juJL
jlill

paper;
s.o. 's

u^i^\

(Jiakpa)

to determine

to take revenge, avenge

o.s.;

SljL*

identity, identify s.o.; <:?**& C-u!

mubrt

at-t.

return match (sports)

(&ak#iyatah) to identify o.s., prove one's

identity
J\j t'ir
JjJjj
tu' ll

avenger

J*

if),

V to make

ascertain, verify (j s.th.,

sure (j of s.th., J*
s.th.),

if);

and

jJJj tu'lla pl.

JJt

taliP

to consider carefully (j

proceed
stead-

wart
j/j fo'd scars

with caution (j
fast,
s.th.),

in)

to

show

o.s.

persevering; to seek to verify (*


try to
of

make
or

sure (* of), seek con-

^Uo taAata
firm,

u (oLJ

taif,

OjJ

|u2)/)

to stand

firmation

reassurance

with

re-

be fixed, stationary, immovable,

gard to

(a);

to ascertain, verify (*

s.th.),

unshakable, firm, Btrong, stable; to hold


out, hold one's ground {J against s.o. or
s.th.),

make

sure (*

of s.th.); to find right,


(* s.th.);

proven or true, Bee oonfirmed


to regard as authentic {* s.th.)

be firm, remain firm (J toward


withstand,
resiet,

s.o. s.o.

or

s.th.),

defy (J

C-y tobt firm, fixed, established; steadfast, unflinching;

or s.th.); to be established, be proven


(fact); to

brave

remain, stay

(->

at a place);
C-jj tabat reliable, trustworthy, credible

to maintain (J* s.th.), keep, stick, adhere (J* to s.th.), abide or stand by s.th. (J#;
e.g.,
|

C-y tabat

pl.

oLJl atbt

list,

index, roster

by an agreement); to
(/

insist

<4*-j J C^J (J* on) hold one's own against

wajhihi)

to

oLj

tabt

firmness; steadiness,

con-

stancy, permanence, stability; certainty,


s.o.,

assert o.s.

against s.o. II to fasten,


(a s.th.); to

make

sureness; perseverance, persistence, enfast, fix

durance; continuance, maintenance, ieconsolidate, strengthen


(*
s.th.); to stabilize {> s.th.); to

confirm,
;

tention (J* of

s.th.),

adherence (J* to)


immutability,

corroborate,

substantiate

(*

s.th.)

to

jj
tainty,

tubt

constancy,

appoint permanently
to prove, establish {*

( s.o.;

to an office);

steadiness; permanence, durability; cer-

s.th.),

demonstrate,
guilty,

sureness

^+Jl
|

OjJ

t.

aS-Sahr

show

{uti

that); to prove

con|

the

official

determination

of the

be-

vict (J* a defendant); to confirm (Chr.) <i j**i ~u (baparah) to fix one's eyes on,

ginning of a lunar
C-iji

month
reliable, firmer, stead-

atbat 2

more

gaze at;

4_.o

C-y

(qadamaiki) to gain
establish,

ier, eto.

a foothold IV to

determine

(* s.th.); to assert as valid or authentic,

Cj- tatbit consolidation, strengthening


Btabilization ;

affirm {* s.th.); to confirm, corroborate,

confirmation ;
|

corrobora-

substantiate {> s.th.); to prove (J* * s.th. to s.o.; J to s.o., ul that); to demonstrate,

tion, substantiation

C-^iJI

_^

sirr at-t.

the Sacrament of Confirmation (Chr.)

show

(> s.th.); to furnish

compe-

oLIl

itbt

establishment;
affirmation,
;

aSBertion;

tent evidence (* for); to bear witness,


attest (* to); to acknowledge (* s.th.,

confirmation ;

attestation
regia-

demonstration

proof,

evidence;

102

tration, entering, listing, recording; doc-

Jlu look up alphabetically

umentation, authentication, verification


CjLJI

oaU witness
r

for

the prosecution;

tajja

u to flow copiously
Streaming

oLJVl
jLjI

--fr

ib' al-i.

brden of proof (jur.)


confinnatory,
jfi-

r\jt tajjj copiously flowing,

itbti

affirmative,

takuna u to be or become thick, thicken


to be firm, solid,

corroborative, positive
C-Ju
tatabbut

compact IT to wear out,


*Jfil

ascertainment;

verifi-

exhaust, weaken (s.o.) J 1>jJ


,

(darban)

cation, examination, oheck; careful, cautious

to wallop s.o. give s.o. a sound thrashing


j^all

procedura,
(of the

circumspection ;

inter-

jfi-

adw)

to

massacre the
s.o.

ment

remains of a saint; Chr.)

enemy;
inflicting

^t^^L-lj

4^\ to weaken

by

wounds
iJt

CjLj tbit firm, fixed, established; sta-

tionary, immovable; steady, invariable,

jfi-

tikan,

takna,

ijyt

tukna

const&nt, stable; permanent, lasting, durable,

thickness, density; consistency; compact-

enduring;
|

confirmed,
t.

proven; a
undisC-jU

ness
,>jc

constant

^iU-1 CjIj

al-jcCa

takln

pl.

LJc tukan* 3

thick;

mayed,
aJ*JI
t.

fearless, staunch, steadfast;

dense
^0j tady

al-'azm

firmiy

resolved,

deter-

mined;

o
c-jIj
(el.)

iJ^Ul

and
real

otf

Jlj*l

im-

and tadan m. and

f.,

pl. lall o&i'

movable property,

female breast; udder


estate,

realty;
_r

1*1/1

t.al-ittijh unidirectional,

(arr

abounding

in

water

-oJl

^ / (dam')

rectified

tear-wet,

tear-blurred
(tarb)
s.o.)

(eye)

ijU

tabita pl. C-ijy tawbit 1 fixed star

w>y taraba
(

and

II to

blame, censure

0>-i

matbt established,

confirmed

and Jp

certain, sure, positive,

assured; proven

~lj3 tatrib blame, censure, reproof

ji tabara u to destroy, ruin (s.o.); (jjj tu*


br) to perish III to apply o.a. with zeal

jj

tartara

(lj j

tartara)

to

chatter,

prattle

persist

and perseverance (J* to J* in) (

fl.th.),

persevere,

j\jj tartr prattler, chatterbox; jliy


tartara do. (fem.)
|

jjJ tubr
Jjr^J
wa-t-t.

ruin,

destruction

^j

Jo^

(^ J or )

t*^

(do') &t-J-u>atl

jj

tartara chatter, prattle


(* bread)

to wail, burat into loud laments

j tarada u to crumble and sop

Syli.

mutbara

persistence, persever-

Jjj tarid a dish of sopped bread,

meat

ance, endurance; diligence, assiduity

and broth
jjw mrad bowl

iiJ taba}a

u and

II

to hold back, keep, pre-

vent

(^

s.o.

from doing

s.th.);

to

hinder,
set

handicap, impede, slow down,


(*,

fj tarama
out;

{tarm) to

knock

s.o.'s ()

tooth

tarima a (taram)
rieh,

to

have a gap

back

s.o., s.th.);

to bring about

between two teeth


{jj and <jj) <j tariya a to become wealthy

the failure (* of

s.th.), frustrate (a s.th.)

iu tvbna pl. ,>' fwia lap, fold of a

gannent

IV to become or be
,y,

wealthy

(<-

or

(used as a receptacle)

through

s.th.);

to

make

rieh, enrich

L> tibn

io

tvbna

(. B.O.)

103

^j
Lj^Jl

taran moist earth; ground, soil


isJ\ {j\

pU
is

tgin bieating

Le-Ij

Vj

i-i-U

*l

U
he he
a

Ja

aina

t-t.

min

at-turayy

(rgiya) he has abeolutely nothing,

(proverbially of things of disproportionate

deprived of

all

resources, prop.

value)

what has the ground to do with


\j
iil

has neither a
braying (camel)
jju

bieating

(sheep)

nor

the

Pleiadea?
:

._-!

(jayyaba)

approx.

may God
pl.

rest

him

in peace 1

fafar

pl.

j\Ju\

aifr

crupper (of the

&j
rieh
|

tariy
<-?j}-\

Ijj'l

atriy' 2

wealthy,
profiteer,

saddle)
Jju

iiJ t.al-harb

war

nouveau riche
Cj\jJ tariyt plantations

tv.fl

dregs, lees, Bediment; residues

jju III to associate


s.o. 's
()

with

a.o.),

frequent

tjj tarwa and *\j tar* forturie, wealth,


riches
|

Company; to pursue, practice

ijjtll

Jl ahl

at-t.

the rieh, the


national

(* s.th.)

wealthy;

"*-

Ijj

(qaumlya)

ij

tafina

pl.

-t,

jii

tifan

callus,

wealth; Jl. *jj (m'iya) abundance of


water, abundant supply of water (of a
region)
\jj furayy Pleiadea;
(also

callosity
*Ju\ look

up alphabetioally

hj)

pl.

<cj

see jJj

oLy

turayyt ohandelier
i__i)

taqaba u (iaqb) to bore, or

drill,

a hole

j mutrin wealthy, rieh

(* in s.th.), pierce, puneture, perforate {* s.th.) II do. II

and IT to

light, kindle

jLu tubn
(.

pl.

1 Ool*? t&'bin snake

Hl

jLw
(* s.th.)

V and

VII to be pierced, be

al-ma eel

punetured, be perforated
snaky, snakelike, Serpen-

JLu tubni
tine; eely
^jkL>

^Jutaqb piercing, boring, puneture, Perforation; (also tuqb pl. v-^j tuqb, ^LJI

mafab

pl. _-*li

mai'ib* drain

aiqb)

hole,

puneture,

borehole,

drill

hole
<IL*j

tu'ala foz
ta'lab pl.

U*S

JU

Ju tuqba pl. <_Ju tvqab hole


ia'lib*

fox

^JLsIl

1j

alopecia (med,), loas of hair

w'Uj and
stick;

i_jUi)l j_j*

'Cd at-tiqb match-

matches
|t*fifi

Xi
i

fa'labi foxy, foxlike

V>^J

keenness, acuteness (of the

LLJ

ta'laba vixen ;

tetter (med.)

mind)
t_ 3*.

_^J ioff r pl-

jy* tvQ*

front tooth;

mouth;

mtfgoo

pl. i_JL*

matqib* borer,

port, harbor, inlet, bay; seaport


jii

drill,

gimlet, auger, brace

and bit, wimble,

tugra pl.
rift,

ji

titgar

breach, crevasse,

perforator; drilling machine

crack,

crevice; opening, gap; cavity,

Uj'I

ijgb kindling, lighting fgt penetrating, piercing,


|

hollow; narrow mountain trail


(lii

_Jlj

Bharp

tagm white, whitenesa


>lj

(mind, eyes)

JicM

t_itf

(.

an-nazar per*_-Lj
f.

spicacity; sharp-eyed; _^ill

aZ-

tgim white

(adj.)
jiJfcr

sagacity,

acumen, mental acuteness;

(jw) Im tag
lju

(tu

tuga) to bleat (heep)

shrewd, Bagacious, eharp-witted

tuga bieating, bleat

oUij

tgtbdt borers (zool.)

JmJu taqifa
taqifa

(taqf) to find,

meet

( s.o.);

a and taqufa u to be
to

skiful, smart,

(J* to s.o.), trouble, oppress (J* s.o.); to be sluggish, doltish, slow; to be in a

clever II

make

straight,

straighten

(* s.th.); to correct, set right, straighten

bad mood, be sullen, grumpy; to find burdensome and turn away (jp from
s.th.);

out
cate

(* s.th.); to train,

form, teach, edu-

not to bother (jp about); to be


s.th., to

(
V

s.o.);

to arrest

s.o.);

to Beize,
(

too dull, too sluggish (jp for


s.th.)

do

confiscate (* s.th.) III to fence


s.o.)

with

to find heavy, hard, burdensome,


s.th.), find
|

to be trained, be educated
taqfa culture, refinement; edu;

troublesome (*

annoying
(fitfa)

{*,

Laj

s.o.,

s.th.)

4i

J5L-1

to

oation
jLj

(pl. -t)

culture, civilization
intellectual;

find s.o. unbearable, dislike s.o. Jij {iql pl. JLjM atql weight; brden,

taqfl
|

educational;

cultural

jl J*L (miUhaq)

cultural

load; gravity; heaviness


al-a.

JUJVf

**j

taf

attach
iJtJd>
tatqif cultivation

weight

lifting

{athlet.);

,y>Jl JJl

(nau'i) specifio gravity

of the mind;
J5j tiqal heaviness; aluggishness, dull-

training, education; Instruction


JL.

ness

mutdqafa fencing, art or sport of

fencing, swordplay,

Bwordsmanship

J
Juan

taqal pl. JliJi atql load, baggage at-taqaln the

iJiS tataqquf culturedness, oulture, re-

6">iJl

humans and the

finement, education
iji< mutaqqaf educated; trained; oul-

Uj Ja^Za trouble, inconvenience, dis-

tured

comfort

faqvla

(tiql,

*JUj taqdla) to

be heavy;

il

Uj

faqla

heaviness ;

sluggishness

with
B.th.
s.o.),

t->:

to load or hurden s.th.,

make

doltishness; dullness

heavy; to be hard to bear (J* for weigh heavily (J* on), be burden-

JJJ

taqil

pl. ,-tfu

tuqat*,

JU'

fi^t

heavy; weighty, momentous, grave,


rious, important;

se-

aome, cumbersome, oppressive( J* to s.o.) to be heavy-handed, sluggish, doltish,


dull-witted; to be too dull, too sluggish

burdensome, trouble-

some, cumbersome, oppressive; unpleaaant, disagreeable, distasteful (person)


p-dl
|

(jp for s.th., to

do

s.th.),

not to bother

J-ij

(.

od - dam

insufferable,

an-

(jp about) II to

make heavy, weight


encumber (J*
s.o.,

pleasant, disagreeable (person) ; rjj\ J-i


t.

(* s.th.); to brden,

ar-rh doltish, dull (person) ; a bore


1

* with

s.th.),

tax

s.o.'s

overburden (J* s.o.), over(J*) strength, ask too much

Jiill

J-i

|.

aj-jl

disagreeable,
|.

in-

Bufferable (person); ^ill J^il

al-fakm

(J* of s.o.); to trouble, inconvenience, bother (J* s.o., t-> with s.th.), pester, molest ( J s.o.) Ulf Ji* and <US' JUI
|

slow of understanding, alow-witted; J-j r *-Jl |. o-Aim hard of hearing; wli^


1L2J
(fltn'a)

heavy
(phya.)
;

industry ;

JJsJ

(kAah) to brden s.o. or


ul>il
to

s.th.

J*tf JJu

heavy water

brden the

budget

IV

to
3 Jijl ogaZ heavier

brden

more oppressive
moigiP weight

(*, * s.o., s.th.);

to oppress, dis(
|

tress (* s.o.),

weigh heavily
(

on); to be

Ji. mttgZ

pl.

J-li*

hard to bear

for s.o.)

<US'

JJul

(also s.th. placed as

an equipoise on the
Iji jUi.

(khilah) see II;

VI to become or be

scales of a balance) ; miskal, a weight (in

heavy; to be troublesome, burdensome

Egypt

= 24 Uj* =* 4.68 g)

m.

; ;

e*
arra the weight of a dust speck,
tiny amount; a
little bit;
i.e.,

iiiJ

tu

pl. i^JbM aili

one third; fuZu*

^* JL* a

little

a sprawling, decorative calligraphic style

oft a

little bit

of
weighting, burdening;

NJ mo-

fa/ta

(f.

i*

toi)

three;

INJ

JJ&
JiL

tatqll

tolfon three times, thrice


J*)tf

lestation
/oZft
L.

tertiary; Tertiary (?eoi.)

tatqttl sluggishneas,

dulJness

j:AiJI

JJ

pre-Tertiary
f.

JJ* mutaqqai

and mutqal burdened,


weigbted
(

jU. j^S taltaia 'aSara,


ta&Ka 'a&rata thirteen
iJlill

i^t*

i^

encumbered
with
s.th.);

overloaded ;
(o*

oppreaeed

by); heavy

aWZif
liltf
l

the

third;

liili

(lifan,

JiLbu mutaiqil sluggish, duU; sullen,

thirdly;

/eo

of a aecond

grumpy
j^J

taltn thirty
at-iali*

J&

JaMIa a

(tateZ) to lose

a cbild

(),

also:

.U^ill
a/-|.
-

and

.U^ill

pj yaum-

to be bereaved of

a loved one
JfcJI
o/ifeaJa

deatb IV U-j

^\

by l-umma
()

Tuesday
a

waladah to bereave a motber of her son

i ^ fuJ|
time

and ^ii.

matlat* three at

J&

taiaZ state of

one who has

lost

a
J*jC (uJ** tripartite, consisting of three,

friend or relative;

mourning over the

loss

(gram.)

triliteral,

consisting
|

of

three
J*>tf $
(.

of a loved one
radicals; tri-; trio (mus.)

WjjJl

*&5

faJWdn{*) bereaved of a child

z-zawy triangulr; olijjJl


ro^i trifoliate
>L>j}\5 JfcW

J^

J-uw

J&
<S*tf

taJU bereaved of a child (mother)

tka

pl. JTIjJ jawfct'Z"

bereaved

Trinity (CAr.); trinity, triad


yj

of a child (mother)
iiSo fufcna pl. jjSd tukan, -t barracks (mtl.)

triplet
{bot.)

ijJlill

zoArat

af-|.

pansy

!*"

tatllt

doctrine

of the Trinity;

J}

toKa

(JL* toloZ) to tear

down, deatroy,
esp.
LJ_/>

Trinity {Chr.)

overthrow,
'orion
to

subvert

(*

s.th.,

JJiS

tatlity

trigonometric(al)

topple a throne)

VII to be

subverted, overthrown (throne)

nl*-

mtttaat tripled, triple, threefold;

having
J fua
pl.

three

diacritical
-t)

dota

(letter);

JU /utoJ

troop, band, party,

triangulr;
iljIVI Hill

(pl.

triangle

(geom.)

group
l^L* talaba

(of people); military

detachment

*A

(rdya) t dJiLI

^1
*iii-

{'(dam)

(ta) to criticize, ran

down

and
(

Lt-Lill

the tricolor; ilU iiiil (A&W)


LljjJI

s.o.); to Blander,
<_Jj talb
i-ii.

defame

acute-angled triangle;
( s.o.)

m. az-

zauy triangulr;
slander, defamation
pl.

^Ul

jjlIM iiiit
triangle

(muiasuj

-ajutn)

isoscelea

mailaba

,_Jli.

moiZft 9 short-

9-^U-iV' tfjlii.1 iiill equilateral triangle;

coming, defect, blemish, stain, diagrace

/Uli iilll right-angled triangle

^J \j

tlib

slanderous,

defamatory

ilil al-mutaatt and


Awft ol-m. trigonometry

oliiiil

v -^
1

Bianderer

dJ5 II to

triple,

make

threefold {* s.th.); to

talaja u: *\Jh c->*1j (17710*)

it

snowed,

do three times

(* s.th.)

was snowing;

JaZijo

a to be delighted,

e*
be gladdened
(aoul, heart; lj by)
II

to

C^*JI

itL.

muntalim

o^-^it

of

ill

repute,

cool with ice (* s.th.); to freeze,


ice {* s.th.)

tum into
|

of dubious reputation

IV *^Jl

Cj*L*I it

snowed, was
Jjl

snowing; to cool, moiaten

(* 8,th.)

< famma there < j* min famma hence,


|

there-

*jX* {fadrah) to delight, pleaae, gratify


s.o.

fore, for that

reason
;

to

become

icy,

tum

into

ice,

< tumma then, thereupon


more, moreover;

further-

oongeal; to freeze
^1j talj pl. rjtitulj ice
|

and again, and once


|

snow;

more (emphatically in repetition) *& < *&


ice; artificial

JiJI *>4j nudfat a\-t.

snowflake

(kaU) no and a hundred times no! r ^

min tumma then, thereupon


ix

^Ji falji snowy, snow- (in Compounds)


icy, glacial, ice- (in

[ammata

(c~c

there; there

is

Compounds)
<t there ian't

,^-J

pU" talij icy

^U tumm
ice
-t

a grass

>l^l

jL

Jp

(Ja-

r^ tadj pl. -n
h~^
taja pl
refrigerator, icebox

vendor
iceberg, ice floe;

ra/i

i-|.)

within easy reach, handy; J**-

^1
-Lei

tjjl

J*

li

made

it
it

readily under-

atandable, he presented
matlij* icebox,

plausibly for

all

lJju matlaja pl. li*

look

up

alphabetically
fruit

refrigerator; oold-Btorage plant


jjc

famara u to bear

IV do.

to profit,

rjk" ma^lj snow-covered iced, o^ii* frozen food; ioed beverages


;

ioy;

benefit (*from);toexploit,utilize(*8.th.);

to invest profitable (* money) jx


fruits,

Jli-

muiaaj iced
i

icy, ice-cold

tamar
fruit

pl.

jU

/wir,

jlc

atmr

(coli.);

reault, effect, fruit,

1J

talama
s.th.),

(foim) to blunt,

break the edge of

make jagged (* (*); to make a


;

fruitage; yield, profit, benefit, gain

breach, gap or opening (* in a wall); to


denle, sully (* reputation, honor)

iy
gain

tamara

(n.

im. of

tamar)

pl. -t

Ja*

fruit; reault, effect; yield, profit, benefit,

lima a to be or become jagged, dull, blunt


II

to blunt (* s.th.)

to become blunt

j^L.1 iatifmr exploitation (also pol.~


econ.), utilization, profitable uae

VII to be defiled, be discredited (reputation)

jJu mufmir
rift

fruitful,

productive, prof-

p
gap;
ap-pit

talm nick, notch; breach, opening,


crack, fissure,
|

itable, lucrative

c*~*Jl

1)

t.

jJZ~* mustatmir
econ.); beneficiary

pl.

-n exploiter

(pol.-

defamation
tulma
pl. ]j

Uu

fulam
fiU

talm

<Jj -u
*L*

(Ko tulmatan to
(tusaddu) a

a gap; o T V

Jx tamila a (|amaZ) to become drunk IV to

gap that cannot be


loes

closed,

make drunk,

intoxicate

{ s.o.)

an irreparable
}\j

Jx tamai intoxication, drunkenness


iLc

tiim dull, blunt

tamala drunken

fit,

drunkenness

Ajli*

maflm

defiled, sullied (reputation,

Jx tamil intoxicated, drunk(en)


*JU twnla residue, reninant, dregs (of

honor)
liL.

mutafaUim blunted, blunt; craok-

a liquid), heeltap (of wine); scum, foam,


froth

ing (voice)

107

yc

II

to appraise, aasen, estimate (*

s.th.),

<-y

{'in&na

fartuiki)

he

galloped
{* B.th.); to

off

determine the prioe or value


to price (* s.th.)
|

(* of s.th.);

II to double,

mako double
form tho dual

do

jJ V

yutammanu

twioe, rcpoat (* s.th.); to pleat, plait


(* s.th.); to (* of

invaluable, ineetimablo, priceleaa

a word);

jx iaman

pl.

U
|

atmdn,

i-c

o|mina
ooet

to provide with two diacritical dots {*

price, oost; value

J^VI >JI
(tudri)

a
(oaft)

letter)

IV to commend,
s.o.),

praise, laud,

price;

^-UVI

J-il'

par, nominal

extol (J* s.th.,


|

peak appreciatively

value

<-U JJI ('fim t-fan') (J* of) .bl to speak in the most laudatory terms of
s.o.

>U

j^I famin costly, precious, valuable


j*l

to double,

beoome doublo; to be

olman1

coatlier,

more

preoioua,

doublod; to be ropeated; to bend, fold;


to be bont, be folded, be folded

moro valuable
j^J3 taumln estimation, appraisal, asBeBsment, valuation, rating
j~i*

up or

under; to walk

with a swinging gait

VII to bend, bcnd up,


incline,

down

or over, lean,

bow; to

fold,

be foldable, be

matmn

object of value
estimator, appraiser

folded back; to turn

away
o.a.,

(j* from),

give up, renounce (j* B.th.); toturn, face

^L, mu|ammtn

(Jl

toward); to apply

turn

(Jl to

s.th.); (with foll. imperf.) to set out, pre-

^L, mtifamman
able, preoioua
j^i.

prized, valued, valu-

paro (to do s.th.)


(j

to except, exclude

or * s.tb. or s.o. from),

make an

mujmtn

exception (* of s.th.)
costly,

preoioua,

valuJj

able
j*t*

fany

bending

folding ;

turning

mufman
(f.

away, dissuasion, koeping, prevention


objeot of value
tj?
I in

pl*

*U'

?*'

fold, pleat, plait,


|

wie tamniya

uLc tam&nin) eight


f.

crease (in cloth); bend, twiat

o*

Li?

ji* *Jlc famtuyata *aara,

yJ^ jLc

Jl tinyan ba'da fmyin


time
bjl

from time to

famniya

'a&rata eighteen
pl.

j fumn

lx

ajman one-eighth
a dry measure (Eg. =

atn'a

(prep.)
U>t

during;
/
<j,

in
do.;
in

the

course

of

ex tumna
i/,

pl. -dl
1;

= c
u;

.258

Poi.

= ca. 2.25

1)

UV -i* <j, UVI meantime, during


while

j dt
all

atn'i
*ili .USI

j
the

this time,

mean-

j^Jlc famnfin eighty


j^bll a|-tmin

the eighth
eightfold;

Lu tanya pl. tanaydl fold, pleat, plait,

j*L>

mu|amman
pl.

octagonal

crease (in cloth)


Li?

fanfya

pl.

LL> tandy middle in-

<i

junna

ju {unan fetlock
pl. iU>

cisor;

narrow
in,

paas;

mountain

trail

!j-Cj

JunaVa, {undutua

{anddtn breast

LU>

inside,

among, between,

fre-

(of the male)

quently only a

fuller, rhetorically
o.g.,

more
LU>

elegant expression for "in", Ji fafid


t

j
in

(tony) to double, double up, fold,

c)

in bis heart, inwardly, ^-iSI

LU>

fold up, fold


(* s.th.); to

under

(* B.th.); to bend, flex

the books ; l

^j

in, inside,

among, beone with

tum

away, dissuade, keop,

tween;

IjUI

p^

foUtT

of-f.

prevent, divert (j*

s.o.

from)

b* J5

high-flung oapirations

tantt

commendation,

praise,

eu-

Uix-l
bil^L.

istitn*

ezception,

excluaion
of,

logy; appreciation

with the exception


without ezception
ta*i(n't

except;

b
tizne

tuntf*

and Ji. makn two

*\^L-\ j-

at

JbixJ

ezceptional;
|

UUil-l

wfn'Iyan as an ezception iJbJiJ J^*-l


,jjS tanawi dualist

emergencies; i-JUil
*j

i*JU-

0oii) emer-

yi janawiyo dualiam
tami'i laudatory, eulogistio
bi-

gency Session
Ji.

Jb

ma}niy folded;

plaited, pleated;

JLj ttm'i twofold, double, dual,

doubled
Ji>

nary, bi-; biradical {gram.); duet, duo

mujannan double, twofold; in tbe

(mu.)

jljlll

b* iij* (mufcami

f.

I-

dual (gram.)
JM.-

mihor) two-cyole engine

mustatnan

excepted,

excluded

3-Jb jund'Iya dualism;

duet,

duo
IjJ

(,>.

from)

(miM.)

twa see

jb*i tfndn,

f.

jliu! ifnatdni

two
1

^ _y
u
to return

b*l

gnd

'oioro,

f.

ly^

IimI

noW

(v>)

V^ #**
with

come back
Jl or

(also, e.g.,
s.o.);

a state or condition,

J to
-)
I

'airata twelve

v
<JI

** rturn 8 t - (J' to 8 '

^Vl Monday

fji

yaum

aZ-inatn

and

joJ'iM

4-i Jl i-j to regain consciousness,


to;

come

*Xij

v^

(ruiduA)

to

recover
said of

Jlill at-tni

tha second; the neit; Uli


tniyatan secondly; for

one's senses II to reward

( s.o.;

yiniyan and

v^

God) IV to repay, requite


to reward
(

(* m s.th. with);

the seoond time, once


JCjI

more, again

J*

s.o. for)

to aeek reward

j. fnatn the seoond of a pair, pen-

<~>j}

jauA

pl. <LJ

tiyb, <'>'
;

atwb
garb,

dant, companion pieoe, matoh

garment, dress; cloth, material


seoond

(fig.)

3J fdniya
(time unit)

pl.

j^*

|au*!nin

outward appearance, guise, cloak, maak;


pl.

^Lj
{.

olothes, clothing, apparel

<->Lj

j+-1\

as-sahra
<->Ji

formal dress, evening

<Sy^ tnav* seoondary; minor


minor matters;
sohool; iSjJ\j

j_^-l

clothes ; .Uj
t-*LiJI

j in piain, homely form


character,
irre-

*j_^U matters of seoondary importance,

jIV

of

flawless

<ty

*-jJ*

secondary

proachable
xj\y tatob requital, recompense, re-

o-j

subletting

L tatniya
seoond seqnel
short

repetition; plaiting, pleat-

ward

(for

good deeds);

(Ial.

Law) merit,

ing; doubling, gemination; (gram.) dual;


(o.g.,

credit (arising

from a pious deed)

of a collection of
praise,
<>jZ* matwaba requital, reoompense, reward (bestowed by God for good deeds)

stories);
|

commendation,

eulogy

9-lJwVl

V"
|

Beutoronomy
flexibil-

LjuI i-niin*

bending, flection;
Uii^J
Jitt

ity,

foldability

foldable,

^ll* mafb and <t\t maiba place to whioh one returns meeting place rendez; ;

folding
;.Liil

vous resort, refuge


;

iniin'a

pl. -dt

(n. Tic.)

bend,

li-

maiba (with
s.th.

foll. genit.)

place or

flexure, curve

time at which

appears or recurs;

109

manner, mode, fashion


ceding entry
j

see

also

pre-

jli*

mair incentive, Stimulus, motive,


|

lAtx (with

foll. genit.) like,

spur, ocoasion, cause jadal

JuJ-l

jli*

m.

ai-

as ; tantamount to, equivalent to, having

and

fl j*Jl jli object of controversy,

the same function as


jlil =

point of contention

^Uj
tra

(i_

VI) to

yawn

j\j\

tfra excitation, stirring up, kin-

dling; agitation, incitement; provocation,


(j_jj)

jU

u to

stir,
;

be Btirred up, be a-

(a)rousing, awakening;

irritation, Stim-

roused, be excited to swirl up, rise (dust)


to arise (question, problem; a difficulty,

ulation
J\j i'ir excited, agitated, raving, furious,

<p-j

j wajhihi

before

s.o.)

to be trig-

mad;

rebellious; fury, rage (in the


*/!j jIj see

gered, be unleashed, break out; to revolt,


rebel, rise (Jp against); to rage,

idiomatic phrase
jljj

above);

(pl.

storm
|

tvwwr) inBurgent, rebel, revolution-

yU jU

(t'iruh) to fly into a rage, beflare

ary
J\j tifira pl.

come
excite
s.o.,

furious,
(

up IV to
( s.o.,

agitate,
(

s.o.,

* s.th.); to stimulate

J\y

taw'ir* tumult; ex-

* s.th.); to irritate

* B.th.);
s.th.,

citement, agitation; fury, rage


jJL-

to arouse, stir up, kindle, excite (*


e.g.,

mvtir exciting; provooative; stimu-

feelings),

cause, provoke,

awaken

lative, irritative; excitant, irritant, stimu-

(* s.th.); to raise, pose, bring

up

(*JL_*
jtfl
|

lant; instigator;

germ, agent;

pl. ol_^i-

masaiatan a question, a problem)


*jj\j
s.o.

stimulants

(t'iratah) to infuriate s.o., excite

to excite, Btir up, kindle (* s.th.,

rjtjy triym thorium {ehem.)


Jji VII to
s.o.);

esp. passions);

to
(* (*

rouse
s.th.,

(*

s.th.);

to

swarm, orowd, throng ( J* around

arouse,

awaken
evoke
;

esp. feelings);
outcries,
* s.o.

to

come over

s.o.

(J#)
f.

to

elicit,
s.o.)

wails,

j*
Jji taul
]

from
,

to incite, set ( J*

against)

and J*J1 6y

an-nahl swarm

*r-

jLil-l
s.o.

{qafabah) to infuriate

s.o.,

of bees

make

angry

*y {um
JjJ *>jj* Srabat
tfji

(coli.; n.

un.

garlio

jy

taur pl. lyj ttrn bull, steer; ox;

taw

{*\y taw*,

Taurus

j> tuwiy, j_^i. matwan)


at a place); to Bettle

(astron.)

jjill

to stay, live

dail aUt. oxtail

soup

(v

down
up

(l-j

at a place); pass.tuwtj/a to
live; to lodge,

*jy taura excitement, agitation; outbreak, outburst,


etc.)
;

be buried IV to Btay,
as a guest
( s.o.)

put

fit

(of fury, of despair,


(pl. -t)

eruption (of a volcano) ;

up-

,jy tawty guestroom

heaval, uprising, insurrection, riot, rebellion, revolt,

revolution

3-UI

Ijy (aMiya)

i twa
sign

pl. fjjj

tuwan signpost, road-

internal strife, civil

war and
n.)

^jy

tauri revolutionary (adj.

jji.

matwan

pl. jli*

matwin abode,

habitation, dwelling; place of rest

iSJjy taurawi revolutionary


n.)

(adj.

and
L-.U

tayyib

pl. ~dt

a deflowered but un-

married woman, widow, divorcee

\jy
flare-up,

tawarn
eruption,

agitation,

excitation,

outbreak, outburst;

dust whirl

J^j iaiial pl. JILj taytiP a variety of wild goat (Capra jaela)

>iW

J-UU-

jtaliq

= jii*ja'ji**

jU- jtoa

Java
(pl.

JrJr jVjV pl. '^-"t*bow (of a ship)


jU- ja'ara a
{ja'r,

breast; prow,

ifjU ;dwi Javanese; benzoin;


a Javanese

-n)

Jfc- fu'r) to low,


(Jl

moo;

jlijU- jwadr rye

to supplicate, pray fervently

to God)

^jU
1

lw*4 aergeant

^jLt,

j -1
1

jU-

ja'r

and

jl$*-

jVdr lowing, mooing

(of cattle)
l

r*- jvbb pl. t-W'


ciatern; pit

jM6,

uU

jibb

-well,

jU- gz

pl. -(

(Eg. Bpelling) gaa

**-*. j'uAfro pl. ^-j-- juofc,

yU

jibb, --jL*-

^JU- jx jazz

;aid't& 1 jubbah,

a long outer garment,

open in front, with wide sleeves


<JjjV
(

Fr ?azon> Eg.
-

spelling) gzn

lawn
j*-

jaiA

pl.

-I

ajbuh, ^L*.

jA,

j-L*-l

^iU

pa'oso a (;'o7) to

be agitated, be con-

o;7A

beehive

vulsed (with pain or fright)


**>- jabjcna, jabakna

powder magazine;
depot

^iU- ja'i emotional agitation;


bou]
|

heart,

ammunition;

artillery

*iU- J*jj rabafa ja'Sah to remain

calm, compoeed, self-posaeesed; ^i-l Jolj


or i^U-l CjI* calm, compoeed, cool, selfpossessed, undiamayed; iotj

/a&ara u (jabr, jj^ jubr) to set (* broken


bones); to restore, bring back to normal
(* s.th.); to help
11p (* s.o.; e.g.,

^Ic

with

back on hi

feet,

help

unswerving courage, unflinchingly

one

fallen into poverty);


|

*=TU,

TU

and o-TU jafcOa

jacket, coat

to force, compel (J* s.o. to do s.th.) j*- (Jffirah) to oonsole, comfort,

_^U

jJU- yaZn gallon


cf j*!W

gratify, oblige s.o.; to treat (s.o.) in a

conciliatory or kindhy
(Eg. spelling) galbrl gallery (fAeaf.)
pl. -dt

manner
s.o.),

II

to set

(*

broken bones)

III to treat
(*

with kindbe nice


b.o.

ness,

jU

jom

with friendliness
s.o.)

cup; drinking vessel; bowl


(*

to

IV to

force,

compel (J*

*a.W jmakiya pay

pl. -(,

ilJLIj-

jawmi&

to do s.th.); to

hold sway

(Je over)

V
, tri*'jr ?tIm^* buffalo

to

show

o.b.

proud, haughty; to act

streng,

throw one's weight around; to


streng or powerful, demon-

tr^V

jm*

pl-

show

o.b.

*">*V jmsa buffalo oow


^-r'V (pronounced imreg, from Turk. eaneriffi; coli.; n.

strate one's strength or power; to

be

set

(broken bones)
un. &nrglyt) a variety

iijL

41 1

j^f (bi-bnika)

God has demonstrated His power on


your son,
i.e.,

He

has takon him unto

of small green plum with saveral stones


(yr.)

Himself VII to be
restored

mended, repaired,

#U- jh rank, standing, dignity, honor, glory,

je- jabr setting (of broken bones) ; force,

fame

compulsion ;

coercion,

duress ;

power,

Ofr
might; (predestined, inescapable) decree
of fate; \j~- jabran forcibly,
j\i-\
j.

(J

-r jibs gypsum; plaster of Paris

by force
|

i-L*- jabbaa

gypsum quarry;

plaster

1*

'Um al-j. algebra


in

^^-Jl j^- *jj

yaum

kiln

al-bahr a local holiday of Cairo (the

day on wbich,
of the Nile

former times, the water

*(j~jr
1

***

(coli.; n.

un.;yr.) watermelon(s) .>

was channeled into the now-

abandoned kalxj, or City Canal, thus marking the beginning of the irrigation season)
tjj-*-

jabala u i {jabl) to mold, form, ahape, J-*fashion (* s.th.); to knead (* s.th.); to

jabri

algebraic ;

compulsory,

forced;

jabari an adherent of the docand the inescapan Iatamic

create {J* s.o. with a natural dispoai osition or propensity for) ; pass. Je (jxtb\ uTa) J-*-

to be born for, be naturaUy disposed

trine of predestination
ability of fate; fatalist

have a propeneity
iL*jibla,

for

jibia pl. -t

natural dia-

jabariya

school

of
a

position, nature,

temper

thought teaching the inescapability of


fate; fatalism

J-*-

jabal pl. JL*- jibl, <JL*-l ajbl mountain


|

mountains, mountain rnge


j.

_J^I JU*-

jL*- jabbr pl. -n, _rL- jabbir*, yL-

aZ-o> the Alpe;


(in

^'jj^'

<J*-r

tne Aures

jabbira
pressor;
gigantic,
(aatron.)
\

giant

colossus;

tyrant,

op-

Mountains

E
;.

almighty,
giant,

omnipotent
huge;

(God);

berg; Lx- J-*-

Algeria); -*- J-*- icerfn Mount Sinai; J-*J-*-

colossal,
j,

Orion

JjU Gibraltar; jU
J-*jabali

voloano
hilly;

*jLi^\ jL*-

al-kufwa striding
tain (adj.);

mountainous,
(pl.

moun-

powerfully, taking huge trides


JjL*- jibra (art of) bonesetting

montane;

-an) highJander,

mountain eer

jwh jabira and


jab'ir* Splint (surg.)
->jjv~

*jL*- jibra pl. J\-~-

tSj^r gabalwi
taineer

(eg.)

highlander,

moun-

jabart

omnipotence

power,
,>*-

*AT*-

gabalya

pl. -t {eg.)

grotto, oave

might; tyranny
jabvna u (jvbn,
jL-

jabna) to be

Lju~ jibriy** pride, haughtineas

coward, be fearful; to be too

a much of

j$4

tajblr,

|LL*II

j^jf orthopedics

a coward (j* to do
s.th.) II to

s.th.),

shrink (j* from

cause to curdle (* milk); to

jL-\ ijbr compulsion, coercion

make
com-

into cheese (* s.th.); to curdle; to


call

(jjL^t

ijbri

forced,
|

forcible,

aecuse of cowardice,

a coward

{ s.o.)

pulsory, obligatory

^jL^Vl -^r^' oona -

V to

curdle (milk),

tum

into cheese

pulsory recruitment; military conscrip,>*-

jvbn and L*- jabna cowardice jvbn and <~*- jvbna cheese
pl. L-*-

tion

j U-

jbir

and jjt mujabbir bonesetter

,>*-

jjjt majbr and jwf mujbar forced,


compelled

jL*- jabn

jvban' 1 coward;

cowardly
jL*- jabbn cheese merchant

JJju;. jabra'iP, Jjj- jifcnP


1
1

Gabriel ^-*- jabin


,> r
l

pl. Cr-*r

j^bun, i--l ajbina,


fac. ade,

ro*-

to plaster, coat, patch, or fix with

a/bun forehead, brow;


I

front;

plaster {* s.th.); to put in a cast, set in


plaster (* s.th.)

face

tirrT

IrJI

,>..

J^** I alone; J* in the sky


0*
*

mn

112

J^

jabini frontal

J*-

jatama u
sit,

(7'atoi,

>ji-

jutm) to alight,

^-l ajban*

more cowardly
cemetery

perch (bird); to crouch, cower; to


or
lie

fall

prone,

lie

face

down;

to beset,

<>L*- jabbTia pl. -

oppreas (J*
<*i*-

B.th.)

,>-jf

ta/btn cheese

making, processing

;'a|ma (n. vic.) motionless sitting

into cheese
1

or lying
( b.o.) ( b.o.,

4?r

jabaha a to meet, face, confront


oppose, defy
front
(* to);

*b*-

juim and

f>V
pl
.

jtm nightmare,

III to face, confront,

incubus

a s.th.),
(*

show a bold

to face

|^-

jutmn

body

mortal

a problem, a

difficulty)

frame

ifo- jahha pl. L*- 7*&A,

oL^

jabaht

Jl^
poreal

jutmn*

bodily,

physical,

cor-

forehead, brow; front, face, facade; frontline, battle

front

jrU
<f\jt.

;d/m

pl.

JU juttam

squatting,

mujbaha

facing,

confront ation,

crouching; perching; prostrate, prone

Opposition

(jV)

b*- /ald

(ju/w) to kneel, reat

on the

knees; to bend the knee, genufiect; to


^y-

jaW
(in

(*jL*-

jftya)

to
II

collect,

raise,

fall

on one's knees
jutw kneeling position

levy (* tazes, duties)


prayer)

to prostrate o.b.

ji*-

VIII to pick, choose, elect


>>- j'W "** rock pile,

mound

sepulchral

(* s.th.,

s.o.)

mound, tumulua

L*- jibya raising, levying (of taxes)


{pl. -t)

tax, duty, impost


(in

j
^U-

maftan hassock
jtin

kneeling;

Jli-I

Hercules

JL*. jib'% tax-

Compounds);

fiscal

(astron.)

^ majban
i_*L-

pl. <^lf Tnajbin tax,

impost

j& jahada a
con-

{jahd,

*j* juhd) to negate


disavow, disown,

jbin pl. t*- jubh tax collector,


officer, collector; (bus, etc.)

(* s.th.); to disclaim,

revenue
duotor

deny

(* s.th.); to refuse, reject, repudiate

(ir.)

(* s.th.); to

renounce, forswear, adjure

i_jU- jbiya pl.

vljr

jutwloin pool, basin

(* a belief); to

deny

(*

s.o.

his right)

<L/7
U*-

j&

(jamilah) to be ungrateful to

s.o.

j'aW

(abbreviation of *$1 v=^)

cosine

(mo*A.)

A&jahd

denial; repudiation, disavowal,

rejection, disclaimer; unbelief (rei.)

jatta
(*

(jag)

and VIII to tear out, uproot

a
*^r

j_^ juhd

denial;

evasion, dodging,

tree, also fig.)

Bhirking (of a moral Obligation); ingrat*li-l ajfj

JvU& pl- <^r y*%*

body

itude; repudiation, disavowal, rejection,

corpse, cadaver; oarcass

disclaimer; unbelief
fig.)

(rei.)

ii^f mujtatt uprooted (also


Ji. ?o*J

-U-l-

jhid denier; infidel, unbeliever

thick, dense (esp. haii)


pl.

j*

VII to hide in

its

hole or den (an i mal}

J-li-

;'tjZt7

JLv

jatliqa catholioos, pri-

j*
den,

juhr pl. jL*l ajhr, jj*_ juhr hole,


lair,

mate of the Armenian Church

burrow

(of animals)

113

J&

jahi

pl.

^l*

jih&y

jLl*;

jikSn,

Bignificant,

important; to take (j

s.th.)

^L*;l ajJuii young


jvhS) trestle, horee

donkey;

(pl.

^j*

serioualy; to trive earneatly (j for),

go

out of one's

way

(j to do

s.th.),

make
to

<tf

jah&a young female donkey


jvhx) to bulge, pro-

every

effort

(j in); to be Berious, be in

earnest (j about),

mean
II

busineas;

.U* jahaza a (i>*


trude (eyeball)
0**11

hurry (j one's step)


to

to renew (* s.th.);
(a
s.th.)
;

make anew, remake


refit,

to

Jj* juA? ol-'atn exophthalmio

modernize
remodel,
s.th.);

(* s.th.); to restore, renovate,

goiter,
ball

abnormal Protrusion of the eye-

recondition, refurbish (*
reforraer;

to be

an innova for, a

to feature s.th.
<_jf

new
up
(*

or novel, produce

jdhafa a {jdh}) to peel

off,

scrape off

s.th.

new

to

rejuvenate,
s.th.);

regenerate,
to renew,

(* s.th.); to

sweep away

( s.th.); to

have
IV to
s -->

revive, freshen

a bias

for), aide (**

with

s.o.)

eztend

(*

a per mit) ; to begin anew, repeat

hrm, hurt,
s.th.);

injure,

prejudice

(v

(a s.th.),

make a new
(*ii*-

start (* in s.th.); to

to ruin, destroy (o*


(i_>

s.o.,

s.th.);

try again
strive,
o.s.

hazzah one's luck) IV to

to

wrong

6.0.)

endeavor, take pains; to apply


assiduously (j to),

Jl*H ijhf injustice, wrong; bias, prej-

eamestly and

udioe

be bent, be intent (j on s.th.); to hurry (j one's step); to renew,

make new

(*

mujhif unjust,
prejudiced

unfair;

biased,
s.th.)

to

become new, be renewed; to


added or enter as
existence;

revive
jahfil
2

to be new, be

Ji*

jahfal pl. Jil*;

multitude,

le-

gion,
{Syr.);

host,

large

army;

army corps

new factor, come newly into to make new, renew (* s.th.)


a
-U-

eminent
f.

man

jadd

pl. jj-U-

judd good luck, good

fortune

~& jahim
l

(also m.) fire, hellfire, hell


.u-

jidd seriousness, earnestness; dill-u-

c^fr JoAS**
.

hellish, infernal

igence, assiduity, eagerness;

jiddan

- jakka

(eg.)

to lord

it,

give

o.s. airs;

to

very,

much
*ii* a*.

Jj

and

-U-

j- earneatly,
very great;

boast, brag; (syr.) to dress


ironical)
j-l*'

up

(alightly

aeriously; Ji*l> .u- jiddu bkizin very high


(price);
.uj.

'azimin

Ji-^-Vl
jakkk boaster, braggart
judd,
ilojfl

y&*
J

{jidda l-iktilf) they

differ
l-j.)

widely;

-iA-1

Jl Jp i_j {gi
effort to

i-u-

j'add pl. jj-u-

ojdd grand|

to apply o.s. with diligence to, take


in,

father; ancestor, forefather

J*Vl

Ji-I

pains

make every
jiddi

(al) ancestor
3.U-

<_; J_-

serious ;

earnest ;

Lj J_-

jadda

pl. -t

grandmother
;

jiddiyan in earnest, eamestly, seriously


-U-

jiddiya earnestness;

seriousness,

.u-

ja^Wa

to be

new

to be a recent devellately,

gravity (of a Situation)


-U-

opment,
recently

have

happened
fact; to

have
jidda newness, recency, novelty;

become a

be added, crop

up or
time

enter aa a

new

factor {circumfirst

modemness, modernity;
aissance
*.u-

rebirth, ren-

stanoes, costs);
(also, e.g.,

to appear for the

on the

stage); to be or

judda 2 Jidda (seaport in

Saudi

become

serious, grave;

to be weighty,

Arabia, on

Red Sea)

-.u-

jadid pl. j.u- judud, judad new,

L^ojt

mujdib barren,

sterile; desolate,

reoent;

renewed;
|

modern; novel, uh-

arid; unproductive, unprofitable

precedented

uU_Ji-l al-jadldn

day and
Jj>.u-

night; .b.u- ja anew, again;

i.u- jadaf
.u-u-

pl.

.u-1 ajddf grave, tomb


pl.

(ff.)

gj podi
4*;-l

lanff

brand-new
serioua,

judjuJ

0--I.U.

jadjid*

cricket

ajadd*

more

more intent;

(100L)

newer, more recent


AiOjC

b^r /odura u
(also,
e.g.,

(jU- jaddra) to

be

fit,

suit-

to)dki renewal

of a

able, proper, appropriate

(^

for s.o., for

permit); creation of s.th. new, origination;

s.th.);to befit,

behoove
of),

(i~>

s.o., s.th.);

to
|

new

preeentation,

new production

be worthy (^
_^*j j4*:

deserve

(^

s.th.)
it is

(theat.);
;

innovation; reOrganization, re;

(gikruh)

and

j5"xJIj

jAf

form modernization renovation, restoration,

worth mentioning
jX- yodr wall
_r<u-

remodeling, refitting, recondition-

ing, refurbisbing ; rejuvenation, regenera-

tion ; pl. -dt innovationa ;


iJjf

new aohievementa
regeneration,

jodlr

pl.

-an,

IjX-

jvdartf*

tajaddvd

renewal,

worthy, deserving (y of s.th.) ; becoming,


befitting
{<_>

s.th.);

proper, suited, suit-

revival
able,
fit

(v

for),

appropriate

(v

to)

./X-

jL- jdd in earaest, earnest; aerioua


(as

jTJLj (tfr)
jX-l

worth mentioning
worthier;

opposed to comic, funny)


pl.
-<K, itj-

ojior1

more approsuitable

oU- jdda
street; street

jautdd*

main

priate; better suited,


Jjla*-

more

jadra worthiness; fitness, suitaptitude,


qualification ;

jjJitf

majdd fortunate, luoky

abity,

appro-

jajt

mu jaddid

renewer; innovator; re-

priateness
jix. jidr pl. jX>- jtufur, uljX*.

former
idjc

judrn

mujaddad renewed, extended;

rere%

wall
^j1<u- ;id>f mural, wall (ad].)
jj*. judira (paas.)

modeled, reoonditioned, renovated,

stored; rejuvenated, regenerated; new,


reoent,
4<t

young
diligent, as-

and

II

to have smallpoz

mujidd painstaking,

iSj-^r jvdarl, jadari

smapox
jOjt

siduous

jjJdt

majdr and

mujaddar

in-

>*'- mxistajidd new, recent; incipient


w>o>-

fected witb smallpox; pock-marked


jJjf

jaduba

(*>jJ*-

judfo)

to

be

mujaddara dish mada of

rice or

or
(in

become dry, arid


sterile;

(soil)

IV to Buffer from

Syr.) of bulgur with lentils, onions


oil (eg. t syr.)
t )

and
x

drought, poverty or dearth; to be barren,


to
fall

oome to nothing, go up
fiat,

in

0*. ?ada'o a (jad


(* B.th., esp.

to cut

off,

amputate

amoke,

fizzle

out;

(ayr.)

to

some part of the body)


bi-jad'i l-anf (prop., at the

explode in the barrel

(Bhell; mtl.)

J^l

fX*

w><u- jodb drought, barrenness,sterility;


sterile,

cost of having the nose cut off) at

any

barren

price, regardlesa of the sacrifice involved

L-j-u- jadib

and v^r'

ajdab*,

f.

L.u-

X-I ajda'*

mutilated (by having the

jadb'* barren, sterile

nose, or the like, cut off)

*-

gada'
(eg.)

(=

f-Ju-

jada')

pl.

U-u-

Jjlf mujdil disputant, Opponent in


dispute
*(Jj-U-

gid'n

young man, young

fellow; he-

man
jadwal
pl. Jjl-U-

jadwiP creek, brook,


list,

Jio- II to curse,

blaspheme (J*

s.o.,

esp.

little

stream; column;

roster; index;

God)
JujJtajdxj imprecation,

chart, table, schedule

^j*
Jj^*-

Jj-V

(d*rd*
list,

blasphemy
a boat)

*)

curriculum;

***j_>Jl

stock

oO.

jadafa

and

II

to

row

(*

l^jjJl Jj<U- p jU- (ri;a) not quoted (stock ezchange); Jl>^/I Jju- agenda;

working plan
Jljjt mijdf pl. Ju^Lf

majdif1 oar
(jJ*-) io*- jadfi

M-U- jadala u

i [jadl)

to twisttight,tighten,

u to give a present (J* to

s.o.)

stretoh (* a rope); to braid, plait (* s.th.,

the hair, etc.)


III

II

to braid, plait, {* s.th.)


{*

IV to give as a present (^ J* s.o. s.th.), present (^ J* s.o. with); to be of


use,

be

useful,

profitable
iilj-f

LiJ

j.u-1

to quarrel, wrangle, bicker

with
to

(nafan) to be useful;

l.u

that

s.o.);

to argue, debate

with

s.o.);

won't help you, that


(to you);
(/aiiJan)

will

be of no use

dispute, contest (j s.th.)

VI to quarrel,

U*

<Lke j-i*
^yjo
^/
,

do.; ^Ui

have an argument; to carry on a dispute


J.U- jadal quarrel,

ja* V
to beg
s.o.

^Ui

see J*j

argument; debate,
|

for alms; to implore,


s.th.),

beg

(*

for

dispute, discussion, controversy


1/-U-

^j

plead {* for

s.th.)

farada jadalan to asBume for the

Lu- jad* advantage, gain (j* for s.o.)


iSj**r

sake of argument, propow as a basis for


discussion
J.U- jadall cntroversial; disputatious;

jadw
|

gift,

present; advantage,

benefit, gain

jj-uno

(bi-l)

and

j-*

J*

jji*- (airi) of

avail, useless, futile, in

a disputant
JLu- jaddl and Jlo* mijdl disputatious,

vain
ji*-l a/<&5

more

useful,

more advanta-

argumentative;

mijdl

see

also

geous
i;.u-

below
jody
pl. I.U;tt',
;

jUu- jidyn

kid,

ilj-i*-

jadUa

pl.

JjI-i?-

jad'iP braid,

young

billy

goat

Caprioorn (twtron.)

plait; tresa
Jljjt

jxU
pl.

the North Star


off, clip (* s.th.)

mijdl
ashlar;

Jjjlf
also

majdiP
above

flag-

stone,

see

under

i*-

jadda u {jadd) to cut


jll>-

jaddl
JI.U- jtdi

judda

pl. -t slip

of paper;

pl.

and iblf mujdala


JJu

pl.

-f

i^ljl-u-

small pieces, shreds, scraps, clip-

quarrel,

argument; disputo, discussion,


JI-U-l
>/

pings
i_ji*-

debate

(j/a^aJu) incontest^/

jadaba

(jadb) to pull,

draw

(* s.th.);

able, indiBputable; JI.UJI.U- ^b 6-&x


j.

Z ;2fa

and

to attract (* s.th.); to pull out,

draw out,

incontestably, indispu-

whip out
the
like);

(* s.th.),

draw

(* a

weapon, or

tably
Jj4jt majdl tightly twisted; braided,

to

appeal,

prove attractive
captivate,
s.o.)
(

to

s.o.),

attract,

charm,
(<Jl

plaited;

interwoven, intertwined (tress


(e.g.,

allure

s.o.),

win

over

to
at

of hair); slender and trim, shapely


leg)

one's side) III to contend

with
|

s.o.)

pulling, tugging, etc. (* s.th.)

JJ-I

*jjl*-

(habla) to vie

with
s.o.,

s.o.; (to

be able) to
s.o.,

maniac, lunatic, madman, idiot


<--jil*M

compete with

measure up to
jt3*SJI

mustaif l-m. mental hospital

be a match for
lij-U-

s.o.;

-o iL*-

or <iJU<~l2*

mutajdib mutually attractive;

or

^i-jjJ-l

Jljirl 4jiU-

(afrfa l-h.)

belonging together, inseparable

he engaged him in oonveraation, involved

him

in a discussion; *jU*J-l J*\J*\ <jiU-

V^-
tending
jij- jadara

munjadib attracted
(Jl to)

inclined,

(afrdfa l-hadra) to vie with s.o. in cul-

ture VI to pull baok

and

forth

( s.o.);

to

contend

(,

* for); to attract each other

(jadr) to uproot,

tearout by the

kljoi-S Jljil |_>ji1j (afrfa l-h.)

they were

roots (* s.th.) II do.; to extract the root


(* of

deep in oonveraation, they were talking


together

a number; math.); to take root


judr root (also
(pl. jtJu-l

VII

to

be
(Jl

attracted ;

to

be

jJu- jidr t jadr pl. jj-U-

drawn, gravitate
attract
( s.o.,

toward, to) VIII to


to o.a.; also to win

math.); stem, base, lower end;


aj4r) stub
like)
|
f

s.th., *Jl

(of

a receipt book, or the


(iarbi'i)

magn.); to allure, entice


( s.o.)

{* s.o.);

j^j

j-i-r

squaro root

over

(*Jl

to one's side); to draw,

(math.)
jjij^- jidri radical,

inhale (* puffs from a cigarette, etc.)


<^Ju-

root (adj.)

jadb

attraction ;

gravitation
|

jJjf tajdlr evolution, root extraction


(math.)
-U- jada' pl.

appeal, Iure, enticement, captivation


IJu- i^l to wrest

away, take away by


O***) b61 appeal

force; iS
L_jto*-

r\

v^-'

jUJ- jvd'n young man, young

fellow

(cf.
I

jaddb attractive ; magnetic (fig.)

ieJU-

^j^.

Q f--U- gada'); new, incipient co (karbu, jada'atan) the war


all

suction, suotorial; winning, fetching, en-

broke out again, started


LX*- j*>j\

over again;

gaging; charming, entioing, oaptivating,


gripping

jUl

(Z-a77im)

he reopened the

whole
ajdab*

affair,

he roverted to the earlier

-V

more

attractive,

more

Status
f-JU-

captivating
ylo:!

jid'

pl. f'-U-l

ajgd',

f\ji*r jud*

injidb attraction, inolination,

stem, trunk; stump, tree stump; torso

proneness, tendency
v'-k*-' ijtidb attraction; entioement,
JJ>-

^JuII

jid'i

truncal

to row (* a boat)

Iure

ijlif
i-jjU- jtfib attractive;

m\j4df

pl.

*-J"Jljf

majdip

magnetic

(fig.);

oar
JJU;o<t2a

winning, fetohing, engaging; charming,


enticing, captivating, gripping

a (jadal) to be

happy,

gay,

ezuberant, rejoice IV to
LjjU- j4ibiya gravitation; attraction;
attractiveness; charm, fascination;

make happy,

gladden, oheer
J.Ujidl

( s.o.)

magpl.

netism
Jiill
;'.

(fig.); Iure,

enticement

JlJ*-l

a/jiJ,

V.^W-

JjV

;u^l

at-tiql

gravitational force; i-U-

stump
JjJU-

(of

a tree)

4--.iL.--;.

{magnati&iya) magnetism; ^jiUal-jina sex

judail

wooden post on which

UJX

j.

appeal
attracted;
(pl. i_o jljf

cameis rub themselves


possessed,
majtfib*)
JJu-

L_jji*

majb

^al

gaiety, hilarity, exuberance,

maniacal, insane;

happiness

J.U-

ja4

pl.

o^V

jv4ln gay, hilar-

,-

jarr pull{ing), drawing, draft; trac-

ious, cheerful, in high spirita, exuberant,

tion; drag(ging), tugging, towage, hauling;

happy
^i*- jadln* gay, hilarious, oheerful,
in high spirits, exuberant,

bringing

on,

causing;

genitive

jl\
I

Jjj*. harf al~j. {gram.)

preposition; so forth

happy
off,

jj.

Uj wa-kalumma jarran and

,-

jarra pl. jl^*- jirr (earthenwaie)

(.i*.

jadama
(*
B.th.,

(;am) to cut

chop

off jar

esp.

a part of the body); to


{>
e.g.,
;

remove, take out, exciae


tonss,

the

j-

jarra, jurra trail, track; rut (left


|

the

appendix

surg.)

paaa.

by a wagon)

*j*

bi-j.

qalam with

judima to be afflicted with leprosy


j-JU-

one stroke of the pen

jidm

pl. fji*-

jum,

flA-'

ajim

j*. jirra

cud

(of

a ruminant)
|

root
(IJb<*I-L-

,,-

j-

min

jarr because of

i^j*r Cr

judm leprosy

because of you, on your account, for

judma stubble
ajdam 3
pl.

your sake
7'adm mutilated
etc.,
,1^-

fJu-l

t/V

j*

min

jarr'i

because

of,

due to

{from having an arm, a hand,


off); leproua; leper

cut

b\ *\j~- j- because
j\ j. jarrr

huge, tremendous (army);


tractor; tugboat,

AjXt-

majdm

leprous; leper

potter;

(pl.

-t)

steam

tug, towing launch


jj**-

judmr stump
ja^wa, jidwa, ju4wa
*\J*-

jjjU
pl.

jrr pl.

jJsr
eto.)

jawrir*

(syr.)

*jV
j-

^V

?^an '

drawer (of a desk,


ljjj\r jrra

judan,
jarra

jid' firebrand;

burning log

[leb.)

rake

(tool)

(jarr)

to draw, pull (* s.th.); to

JSr faira
offense,
jarlrati

pl-

J^sr
|

joriPir*

guilt;

drag, tug, haul (* s.th.); to tow (* s.th.); to trail (a s.th.); to drag along
*
s.th.);
{.

outrage, crime

*jst *

* rt

s.o.,
s.o.),

because

of,

on account of
-**
ft

to draw (J*
s.th.)

* s.th.

on

bring (* lead

down
some

(J*

upon

s.o.);

to

jl/r

jam

P1

variety of BCOr '

pion; tractor
(Jl s.th.);

(Jl to),

bring on, cauBe


evil,

to

enta

J* for s.o.); (gram.) to pronounce the final consonant


{* e.g.,

yt
ij-

mijarr trace, tug (of a harness)

majarra galaxy
(eg.)

with

t,

put

(a

word) into the genitive

Ljlyil ingirriya
for watercraft

towage chargea

~*j j*- j*-

(jartratan) to

commit an outrage,
{q*yv*

a crime (J* against s.o.); \ijJ jr dan) to be in shackles, go shackled;

i^

Jl

jUl jr (qvrihi) to secure advano.s.,

etc.;

drawn, dragged, towed, jjjf. majrr word governed by a preposition,


in

tagea for

feather one's nest;

word
eis,

the genitive

form;

(pl.

_rj^
Bew-

<j> *JLJ (lisnah bi-kalima) he won't let a word escape his lips IV to ruminate
Vll passive of I to be driven
;

magrir*) drain, sewer {eg.);

j^M

sewage System

(eg.)

to be swept

Jje.

mujtarr ruminant (adj. and n.)

along, drift, float

Ijjll

Jl >?l (war'i)

to withdraw,

fall

back, give

way

VIII to

j^- jaru'a

(:t/r jur'a,

S1^

jar'a) to dare,

ruminate

*-VT J^-\ (lmah) to mull

over one's grief

venture, risk, hazard (Jp s.th.), take the risk (J* of, jl of doing s.th.), have the

118

courage (Jp for


(J*
risk,

B.th.)

II

to encourage

practice; proof sheet, galley proof, also

a.o.

to s.th.)

to dare, venture,

V-i**

~**j-

(matba'iya)

hazard (J* B.th.) VIII to be venturesome, be daring; to become bold, make


bold (J# with s.o.); to venture (Jp s.tb. or upon s.th.), have the audacity (J* to

<~ij- tajrib trial, test(ing); trial, trib-

ulation; temptation
isijf
tajribi
trial,

test

(adj.);

ex-

do

B.th.)
Jar

perimental ;
pirical
|

based on
^^iJl

experience,

am-

^^1

*iSj*r

pl-

k>r'

ajriycT 1

film, an-nafs)

bold,

experi mental psychology

(<_*, J* in B.th.); forward, immodest, insolent; daring, reckless, fool-

courageous

+&.jf- tajrVnya empiricism (phos.)

bardy
T>r

<~ij*

mujarrib

experimental ;

tester;

examiner; tempter

jw'a and

!>-

jar'a courage,
i^t^t

boldness, daring; forwardness, insolence

mujarrab

tried, tested;

proven or

establisbed

by experience, time- tested,


experienced,
practiced,
Bea-

jjif mujtari' bold, forward


^l^rt- (Fr.)

time-tried;

gari

pl. -X

garage

(eg.)

sonod;

man
up

of experience
alphabetically

r f Lrt- 9

m gram

{eg.)

'<-?jjr look

^-^j*r

gran granite

(eg.)

*i>r jarba4a

= ijj*pl.

JJl_/- graniti granitic (eg.)

jj*r

jvrbuz

j\Jr

jarbiza

impoetor,

confidence man, swindler


'-VT j&riba o (jarab) to be

mangy;

(eg.)

to

*jj*r j&rbaza (also


s windle
iarb'

Jjj*-)

deception,

fade (color)

II

to test (> s.th.); to try, try

out, eBsay ( s.th.); to

sample
;

(* s.th.);

to rebearse, practica (* s.th.)


(* B.th.); to

to attempt

>-

(^ tx-0 pl c^j*
(and
*jXj\j-)

iarbv%

put to the

test, try,

tempt

jerboa

(zool.)

fUVI

( s.o.) j v>r
|

4-ij

v>!" * ty one'fl hand at; (ayyma) to gather experience

*jXjj*- jarabandlya

knapsack,

ruckaack

V>r

jarab

mange

itch, Scabies

*->jr j&rib

mangy; acabby
f.

{Sj-r J*rjwn, <*>^-r jwima pl. jIj-jarHm* root ; origin ; germ ; microbe,

V>r'
jurfc

ajrab*!

l(>-

jarb'*, pl.

^^

bacillus,

bacterium

ryjL C~
I

tahi al-j.

and oO/-

j'ar&dn 1

mangy; scabby

inframicrobe

v'>r
sack,

jirb pl. *j_^-I a;r&a, o^. jurub

^j*- look up alphabetically

bag,

traveling

bag;

knapsack;

Bcrotum; covering, case; sheath, scab-

Srj?

jarjara (>->-

jarjara) to gargle; to
trail,

jerk or pull
(* s.th.);

baok and forth; to


drag one's

drag

bard

(for

the sword)
pl. -t

totowaway
and

(* s.th.) |*IL> jjfeet, shuffle

vlrt" JUfb
*_-i>r
7 or**

stocking, sock

(JpufAu) to

along

a patch of arable land


pl.

II tajarjara pasa.

refl.

of I

**. t&jriba

vJ

ij

tajrib^ trial, test;

j*-jr

farjw

gargling; rumbling noise;

tryout;
scientific

attempt;
test,

rumble, clatter (of a wagon)


rehearsal;

practica,

experiment;

probation;

>r>r
-

jirjir (large, thick)

beans

trial, tribulation;

temptation; experience,

jirjlr watercreafl (eg., syr.)

rj*r jaraha

<*

(Jar $)

to

wound
fig.,

s.o.);

to

against

s.o.)

to

send,

dispatch

injure, hurt
II

(* s.o.;

alao

the feeUnga)

military detachment, troops, -L> or

Ja
or

to invalidste (* testimony), challenge, unreliable


(*,

agatnst s.o.); to free (<> * or


s.th.

b.o.

declare

(*

a witness), take

from) ; to isolate {*

s.th.)
s.o.

to abatract

formal exception
(*

* to) VIII to
|

commit

(* s.th.); to divest (j-

of hia citizen|

an outrage, a crime)

oL-Jl r-j^i

ship, of a rank, of a vested right, etc.)


t-^LJI ja o^*- to

(sayyi't) to

do

evil things
j* rfy*

diaarm

s.o.

j* **j ij*-

to free o.s. from, rid o.s. of, give

r/r

fwfy pl r}/r

r_j/r

JwA,

up

a.th.

d\*-jj*z- jurht,

t^j*-\

ajrh wound, in-

pass. of II; to strip o.s., rid o.s., get


je.

jury, lesion

rid (j* or

of ), free o.a. (j* or y. from)


jt.

to be free (j* or

from, J for a task);

r}/r jarrh pl. -n surgeon uL-^l dental surgeon


**"l/r jifha Burgery

t^jT

to devote

o.s.

exclusively (J to s.th.); to
(ja or

give up, renounce


isolate o.b.
;

jp

a.th.);

to

to be absolute

t^l/r

?* r

^'
pl.

surgical

v-L*-

*J*

('amallya) surgical Operation

*/r ? af<* bare, threadbare, shabby, worn; (com.) inventory; atocktaking


ij*-

j*-

jarih

^f/r jarh wounded,

jarid without Vegetation, barren,

injured, hurt

bleak, Btark (landscape)


*Jr ajrad1 , f. la^*- jardit*, pl. i^jurd desolate, bleak, without Vegetation;
\

j*

tajrih surgery;

defamation, dis-

paragement

hairless, bald; threadbare,

shabby, worn

jU

jrih injuring;

wounding, sting-

(garment); open, unprotected (border)


i\j-

ing, painful, hurting; rapacious (beaat),

predatory
4^-jU- jriha pl. r-j[>*- jawrih* pred-

jard

(ooll.;

n. un.

I)

locust(s)

Jl*-j
^**Jl

il^-

(rahh&l)
;'.

migratory locust(s);

jl^

al-bahr langouste, sea oray-

atory animal or bird


af-fair

j*LII
|

rjj*-

j.

fish; UjIj*: bi-jardih in its entirety

predatory birds
Juj*- jarid

palm branches Btripped of


used

rJ>yr jawrih limbs, extremitiee (of the body) **-j\yr JC with might and
|

their leaves; jereed, a blunt javelin


in equestrian

games
pl. JJl^*-

main, with

all hia

Btrength
bj>r jarida

jarffid* (n. un.


list,
|

rjj*

majrh

pl.

fcM-

majrih*

of

J>ij*r)

palm-leaf Btalk;
;

register,
~*Hj*r
JjI_ht

wounded, injured, hurt


Sj*-

roster,
s.th.); to

index

newspaper

S-_.jd

jarada u (jard) to peel, paxe (*

{yaumiya) daily newspaper;


;'.

#111

remove the

shell, peel, rind or

husk

al-mas'

the evening papera;

-b^L-l

(*

of a.th.); to denude, divest, strip, bare


{* s.th.); {com.) to take stock; to

UI

and

i-JLjxJl -b^-l tho newareel

make

ti^jyr' ajrvdi (*yr.) beardless, hairless

an inventory
II to peel,
shell, peel,

(aJLJ! of

goods on hand)
to remove the
s.th.);

pare (*

s.th.);

ijf mijrad
Juyf
tajrid

pl.

ijljf

majrid2 scraper
paring ;
dia-

rind or husk (* of

to

peeng,

denude, divest,
(j* {j*

strip, diapossess,

deprive

robement, Stripping; denudation; deprivation ;

ior
*

s.o.

or s.th. of); to withhold to draw, unsheathe

divestment

disarmament

dis-

from

s.o. s.th.);

patching (of troops); freeing; isolation;


abstraction
j-^LJI
|

(Jt-Jl

the sword); to unleash (J* * s.th.

j JL/f disarmament

J*
*Jjjj

120

tajrida

pl.

-i,

.bjljf

tajnd*

^^
in

jaritfa

(joro^):

^iy ^j-^

(6i-

military detachment, expeditionary force


ijjf

ri^tAi)

he choked on

bis saliva, could not

tajarrud

froedom

(>

or

je

awallow hi saliva (beoause of excitement,


alarm,
a or grief),
State

from); isolatedness, Isolation; independence,

he was very upset,


deeply

impartiality;

abaoluteneaa;

ab-

of great agitation,

stractness, abstraction
*j-

moved;
suffocate

{.

jarada u
s.o.)
fill

(jard)

to choke,
(cf.
I)

IV *j.
s.o.

4-^1

mujarrad denuded, bare, naked;

to alarm

s.o.,

with apprehension

freed, free (j* or

je from); pure, mere,


^iij- jaridi ^itjft Ojj

nothing more than; sole; very, absolute;


abstract; selfless, disinterested; Ist stem

,>i>l JUlit.: i.e.)

hla

l-j.

dna

l-qari4

(proverb;
in

of the verb [gram.)


genitivo

(with

foll,

noun

in

choking prevented poetry,


face

the

mere, sheer, nothing but:)

of death one does not

think of

ji

jj.it

mujarradu lahwin mere play, just


i>*^k

rhyming {among other interpretations)

fun; *ij\
l*

tn

the naked eye;


as soon as, at

fyr

jara

'

a a

(iar

')

ftQ d

jari'a

(jara

to

^jj^-c

bi-mujarradi

swallow, gulp, devour (* s.th.); to pour

the very

moment when

down,
( s.o.)

toss

down

(*

a drink)
s.th.); to

II to

3 lI^St jardal pl. 6^j*r jardil bcket, pail

swallow (*

gulp

make down

*sr

jurad

pl-

>J'J>r

jir^n,

jurdn large

V to drink {* s.th.) down {* s.th.)


,

VIII to swallow, gulp

rat

jjij*rat

j&iaun

pl.

jl>r jarjliP

large

jr 'i 7<" 'o pl fjT Jura \ & gulp. **>r r mouthful, draught; potion, dose (med.) Jij*- jarafa

{jarf)

and VIII to sweep away


(*
s.th.);

1
(J

-J*-

jaraaa

(jare)

to

ring,

toll,

knell,

(*

s.th.);

to

wash away

to

(re)sound II to

make

experienced, inure
( s.o.;

shovel

away

(* s.th.); to

remove

(* s.th.);

by severe
events) ;

trials,

Borely try

time,
dis-

to tear away, carry off (* s.th.); to carry

to

compromise, disgrace,

along (* or

s.o.

or

s.th.)

VII to be swept

credit, expoae, bring into disrepute


s.o.)

(w

away, be carried away


Jj*- jurf, juruf pl. Jjj*? jurf, Jlj*-I

^j*r J ars

>

Prs

sound, tone
,_--lj*-l

ajrf

underout

bank or shore;
*J>r
pl.
-t,

cliff,

^j^

jaras pl.

ajrs bell

steep slope, precipice; bluff {along ariver

i-^*- jursa

defamation, public expo-

or coast)
lj*-

^*^1*-

(jalldi)

avalanche
jariif2

sure ; scandal, disgrace


'L'j*- jiraya,

jarrfa

^Juj'j*-

rake; harrow

vvr
(jarS)

jiraiya pl. -dt Jersey,

woolen sweater; ^-^r Jersey cloth

Jj^f majraf pl. Jjtf majrif* torrent,

strong current

^j*. jaraSa u

to crush

(*

s.th.);

to
*>j-

mijrafa shovel, scoop;

(*yr.)

mat-

grate, bruise, grind (* s.th.)

tock; trowel
<Art- Jar&
cri-/t"
ft

grating, scraping noise

Ji>f mijrf scoop

pl.

Jujlf majrlp shovel,

7 ar ** crushed, bruised, coarsely

ground; crushed grain;

grits

JjU- jdrif torrential (stream, mounjawriS*


tain creek); stormy, violent (emotions,

jjU- jSrki quem, hand mill

pl.

^jlj-

(for grinding grain)

passions)

; ;

121

tfj*
U^-1 al-jarmn the Gennanic
tribea, the

^ri^i-l al-jarkas

the Circassians

S^r tS
{ST jo-rama

jarkasi pl. i-S"l_^- jarkisa Cir-

Teutons
ijlv*r jarmni

cassian (adj.

and

n.)

Germanic, Teutonio

(jarm) to bone

JH

al-lahma
offense,

1<

Jj*T

?'

t*

rn

Pl-

the meat);

^-Hr'

a?n

(stone)
floor,

basin;

to commit

an

mortar;
4jJj-jJ.I

{eg.)

threshing

barn

crime, an outrage (Jp or Jl againat a.o.), or Jl against s.o.), injure, hrm, sin

j*-

j.

al-ma'mdiya baptiamal

(Jp

fnt
2

wrong (Je or

Jl s.o.) II to incriminate,
( s.o.; ayr.)

Charge with a crime

IV to

\jr jirn the front part of


<>\jj

a camel's neck

commit a crime, to s.o.), do wrong (Je


wrong (Jp or
aj*-

sin (Jp or Ji against

or Jl to

s.o.),

hrm

J! s.o.)
pl.

VIII

'Sj* ^ become established, take root o lj*- -U JJI (oiff, jtrnaA) to apply o.a. to s.th. and adjust to it, aecustom
;

IV
o.s.

to s.th.
(eg.

garm

^jj? gurm

{eg.)

long,
JIj'j*-

flat-bottomed brge, lighter


(j-

(naitt.)

iurnl
[eg.,

also gurnl) pl. J-jlj*- itor"

nil 7

garml2 ) Journal, newspaper,

jirm

pl. jlj*-l

ajrm,

jj*-

jurum
|

periodical
~u\j>r granlt granite

body; mass, bulk, rolume


<Slei\

(of

a body)

c[^-Vl

(falalnya)

the

celestial

bodies
>_^- j'urm pl.
|I_htI

jj lj*? fm,
|j_^**-

graniti granitic
pl. _^-l a/rin, 1^- j'ir',

jurm
j_^-

jarw (jirw, jurw)

offense, crime, sin


*'j*r'

a 7**

*i_rt"'

ajriya puppy, whelp,

f^
course

Ja

jarama surely, certainly, of

cub (of a dog or beast of prey)


**JjT Wtea gross

(=

12 dozen)

fj*- jarim hulking, bulky, huge, vo-

luminoua, of great size


*f.j*r

fjjt^

jar

(jary) to flow,

stream (water) to
;

/orima
|

pl*

jar'im 3 crime; f Lnr


fljJ-1 jj\j

run; to huny, ruah; to blow (wind); to take place, come to pass, happen, oeeur
to be under way, be in progresa, be going

offense; sin

(^^Ji* or) ^^rS" ._*- (fcufir,

'uzm) capital offense;

penal

on (work);
to);

to befall (J s.o.),

happen

(J

code
to be in circulation,
circulate,
|"Lht'

bo
to),

*7m

crime; eulpability, delin-

current;

to

wend

one's

way

(Jl

quency
ij\ J r
\

ijrmi criminal
X'<*

to proeeed (J* in aecordance with); to follow (*. s.th.), yield,

head

(Jl for);

give

way
(^

{,**

to,

e.g.,

to

a desire);to
to run or
|

?jj
i.jjf

lahm majrm

fillet

(meat)
entail
s.th.);

(with Ijj)

Sana mujarrama an

entire

be after

s.th.,

seek to get s.th.

*J

^j*.

year
(jjf

mujrim criminal;
(pl.

^a*. he had a talk with;

*\jjt ,jj*-

-n) a crim|

(majrhu) to take the same course

as,

inal;

evildoer, eulprit, delinquent

be analogous
>jj*

to, follow

jJU reeidivous criminal


}* j*~
]

proeeed or act in
f-dl

same way as, the same manner as;


the
iSjr

t*>?

^1

(minhu

-$ai'u

joramxz*
|

and

jarmlz 3

limbs,
it,

majr d-dam)
natuie to him;
to circulate,

it

had become second


l*i'l

legs

*'j^\j*r

*> (damma) he beat

he

Je

ijj*r

(alaun)

made

off

make

the rounds (rumor)

JJ*

122

JT Jp ^jt to be on everyone's (,- (galamtAi) to come to 8.o/s pen (o.g., a poem); <U^ J* ^_^(&#a) to follow a plan; J*JI <ic ^jt L
Ups; <Ji Je

jJj*-

jir&ya

pl. -<K
|

daily (food) ra-

tions; pay, aalary


(eg.)

t^-

Jb* 'U girya

coarse bread

ljj*-

jarayn flow, fluz; course; stream

famolu) the

way

things
;

are
J**JI

handled,

what

is

oustomary practice

o
t

iSj*
(jj*-

majran

pl. j\jt

majrin

water-

to be in foroe, be valid, be

oommonly
:

course, stream, rivulet, gully; torrent or


flood of water; pipeline; canal, ohannel;

observed (law, custom);


to be customary, be

*WI

&jr

common

practice

drain, sewer, pl. sewers, Bewag System;

be a

common phenomenon, bave

gained

power

line

(et.);

ourrent

(ei.);

current (of

vogue; J* ^j*. to do s.th. customarily, be in the babit of doing s.th.;


^r-sl*

UL

a stream); guido

rail (lechn.);
|

course (of

events), progress, passage


l-batd Urethra (anat.);
(

JjJl &jZ- m.

diJd

>j*-

that was
|

their habit (rigoA) to

ri^JI

&{

m.

t~

II to

cause to run
s.o.'s

make

jj tf^ mouth water III to concur,


(

tanaffvs respiratory
*\ji\

traot (anat.);

^jt

m. l-haw*
*\jA

air stream,
X>-\

current of
its

agree, be in agreement
in s.th.); to

with

air, draft;
s.o.,
(.

to take

oourse;

keep paoe, keep up

with

Bee also ^j*. I

and IV

s.o.; also intelleotually);

to be able to

follow

(. s.o.);

to go (along) (* with); to
(*
to),

iSj*r

oL^L mjarayt, mjariy&t (pl. of M (course of) events, happenings


\j\jL

adapt

o.s.,

adjust, conform

be

mujrh keeping up (with


with) ; with)
j

foll. foll.
li

guided (* by) IV to cause to flow, make


flow (* s.th.); to oanse to run, set lunning
(*,
s.o.,

genitive :
genitive:

conformity (with

ljl

mujrtan

s.th.);

to

make

(* s.th.) take

in conformity with, in acoordance with,

place or happen, bring about (a s.th.);

aooording to
!j-l

to oarry out, exeoute, enforce, put into


ijra*
pl. -t

effect,

apply

Performance (of an
enforcement
J ;

(* s.th., e.g., rulea, regu-

action) ;
lations);

exeoution ;

pl.
Jj\

to oarry out, perform (* an

measures, Steps, proceedings


(itta$a4a) to

cUj-l

action); to set going, set in


projeot), launch (*

motion

(*

an undertaking) ; to
s.th.

take measures; SJ^iliC'Ulj-!

Channel (J or J *
settle

(qnnxya) legal steps, proceedings at law


to),

bestow,

(J* or J * s.th. upon s.o.); to impose, infliot (J fl.th., a penalty, on s.o.) 4tj (j-j.! (tajribatan) to carry
|

jU- jrin flowing, Streaming, running;


ciroulating; current, present
(Sahr) the ourrent
|

tfjU-1 _^iJI

month
-t,

out an ezperiment; LL5^ duct an in veetigation


natan) to grant
(majrd, with
in
s.o.
;

<,/-'
<l

*o con "
(*'fi*

4jU- jriya pl.

j\jt-

jawrin

girl;

U1

^^j-l

slave girl; maid, servant; ship, veasel


-

a subsidy; ^jt
as,

*lj*-l

foll.

genitive) to treat s.th.

jazza

(jan) to cut

off, olip (* s.th.);

to

the

same manner

put

s.th.

on

Bhear, shear off (* s.th.; esp. the wool of

equal footing with


iSjT Jar V course J* L_^- jaryan 'ai in accordance with, according to
|

sheep)
jt~

jizza pl. jj- jixaz, J\j*fleece, olip


pl. -t slip

jaz'iz*

shora wool,
jlj-

iSSj*Jm min jarka and il>l_^- ,> min jar&ika because of you, on your

juxza

of paper; label,

tag
jlj. jazzz pl.

account, for your sake


Ijj-

-n shearer, woolshearer

jarr* runner, racer

jjf

mijazz woolshears

123

L*
jj-

lj-

jaza'a a
o.a.
(i_*

and Till to be content, oontent


cut
up,
partition

/ozr

alaughter; butchering;

ebb

with) II to divido, part, separate,


(*
s.th.)

(of the eea)

break up,

jjr jazra blood aacrifice

to divide, break up, be or beoome di-

vided; to be aeparated, be detaohed, be


partitioned off; to be divisible, separable
(je.

jjJt camel
jlj*-

fa&r

pl*

jyr ;uzur alaughter

from)
pl. |>^l

;audr

pl. I, -fin

butcher

*>r /uz*

ajz* part,

portion;

constituent, oomponent; fraction; divilion; seotion; the 30th part of the

*jjfr jazira pl- y'j- jaziFir*, jj- ju* zur island | Syj*- *r* &At* 7- peninsula;

Koran

y^Ll AI Jazira,

(Northwest) Mesopo-

(= 2

hizb)
/*'*

tamia; J"I>LI Algeria; Algiers; ^yJli^ypartial; minor, trivial, in/.

Ojr
petty ;

al-arab Arabia, the Arabian Peninaula;

aignificant,

unimportant;
juz'iyan

(jur.)

minor,

olJU-M yM>i(I<W) the Canary Islands;


1^-iA^
I

LJj*-.

partly ;

oLJj-

'*j_}L\ (Jca4r')

Algeciraa (aeaport in

juz'iyl details, particulara; trivialitiea;

SW

Spain)
(pl.

aubordinate
(o.g.,

parte;

divisiona,
|

aections
*Jj*- a|>

<$js? jaxari insular;


,sJ\jr
jaz'iri pl-

-n) islander

of a court of justice)
(jur.);

{mawdd) petty casea


(junah)

SJjr

-* Algerian (adj.

ryr

aummary deliota (ju-r.); v>r f^ oourta of aummary justice; *Jj*- LJ (niydoa) p&rquet of a aummary court;

and

n.); islander

jjfi-

majzir

pl. jjlrf.

majzir* alaughter-

house, abattoir; butohery


jj* majzara
pl. jjlrf-

Vjr

k^- minor incident;

*-I/r

*i>-J

majzir* butoh-

(fcutPtya)
(fcuttiydf)

part payment; oUSJIj oLi^jLl

ery; masaaore, oarnage


*jj-

the particular and general as-

pecta, the

minor and the major

isauea

/aar

(coli.

n. un. I) carrot(a)

*&j? juxai* pl. -t molecule


Jlj*-1 ajz'l pl. -fin

fj. jazi'a

(jaza",

pharmaoist, drug-

oome

anxious,

j>- jtu") to be or bewonied, coneerned; to


to
feel

gist

be aad, unhappy (j* about);


regret (J* for
a.o.),

^1^1 ajzji pl. -lya phannacist, druggiat

mourn (J* for break, snap


9 j+- jaz*
f-j.

s.o.)

pity (J* a.o.); to V to break apart,

V'j*-' ajz'iya
pl. -dt

and

U-lj-! ajzJpna

pharmacy, drugatore
tajzi'a

onyz

juz' axle; ahaft (Uchn.)

jjjf

division;

partition;

Sep(into
f

aration;

dissociation;

breakdown

uneasineaa, apprefj*- jaza' anxiety,

claaaea, oategoriea, etc.);


*J/iU

fragmentation

henaion, ooncern; anguiah, fear; aadneas


f-j*-

bility;

Jj divisible; 4jJj*JI J^jIS divisi'j^l retaUer, rotail merchant

^U

jazi* restless,

impatient; anxious,

wonied, uneasy, apprehensive

Uj- juzdn, jixdn


purae
'jj*-

pl. -f

wallet; change

fjjr Z* 8 **
prehensive

an<1 PJ^T /**' r08 ^88 ;

"

patient; anxious, worried,

uneasy, ap-

jazara

(;'aw)

to alaughter;

to

kill,

butcher (* an animal);
Bink,
fall,

tu

(jazr)

to

9j mujazza* marbled, veined;


gated, dappled

varie-

drop, ebb (water)

; ;

*-J*-

124

t_j>- III to act at

random,

blindly, indis-

>-j*-

jazm cutting

off,

clipping; deeision;

oriminately, take a ohance; to speculate


(fin.);

resolution, resolve; apodiotio

judgment;
'almat

to speak vaguely, in general terms;

(gram.) apocopate form


al-j.

rjA-l <*"iU

to

riflk,

Btake

(v

a.th.)
<>

**j

<JijU- to
s.o.

= jazma
jazma
diacritical

riak one's life;

<JjU- to

plunge

<*j*-

mark

()

indi-

into (some adventure)


<Jlj*-

cating vowellessness of a final consonant


fjU- jzim decisive; peremptory, def-

yuaS/ purcbase of a certain athings- (Isl.

mount of

Law);

Ulj*-

jtu*

mite, definitive, final; firmly convinced,

/an at random, haph&zardly


absolutely certain

(^ of

s.th.); (pl. fjlj-

jtf mujzafa raanness, recklessness,


foolhardiness;
riak,

jawzim?) governing the apocopate form


(gram.)
ajj-

hazard; adventure,

venture

majzm cut off, cut Bhort,

clipped
(final

Jjljf

mujzif rash, reckless, foolhardy

decided, Bettled; (gram.) voweess

adventurous; venturesome
1

consonant)

in the apocopate form

J^>>-

javula

to

be considerable, abun*j

rj>y+ munjazim (gram.) in the apoco-

dant, plentiful IV .IUI

J>1

('a^J'a)

pate form
3

to

give

generously, openhandedly, libs.o.

erally to

VIII to write shorthand


Jjjjazii
pl.

<uJ*-

jazma

pl. -t, *j*j

jizam (pair of) shoes,


<*j- (6-ri6f)

(pair of) boote

J>Ly

laced

J*- jad and


zl

Jl^
^tjl

/-

boote; i*U

<*j-

(Jamm*a) patent-leather

abundant, plentiful, ample, mnch;


|

Bhoes

pure, lucid, eloquent (style)

<Jj*-

of sound, unerring judgment;


^jj*- fafcaroA Sukran jazllan

IjSli

ji

a^J*(eg.),

gazmaQx

(eg.)

and

JLJ*- gizamti

he thanked
thanks!

jazmti (syr.)
(lj*-

pl.

-iya

shoemaker
recompenee

him

profusely; *^jJ- lji


pieoe, slioe

many

^j*. 7'az
(

joz*) torequite,

*Jj*- jizlo

SJIj*.

jaztUa

profusion,

abundance

(rhet.)

purity (of style)


mujtazil atenographer

or J* for), repay ( to s.o., or J* s.th.); to reward (* s.o., *-. or or J* for); J* for); to punish ( s.o.,
s.o.,

to aatisfy

( s.o.),

give satisfaction

to

J>
'Jjj^- look
B

b.o.);

to compensate,

make up
iJlj*-

(<~>

* for

up

alphabetically
lj>J*-

a.th.

with or by); to compensate, offset


|

(je s.th.)

\j^-

iil

(kairan)

may

Vj*- juzln

~
i

God
off,

bless

you for

*j.j*-

jazama

(jazm) to cut

cut Bhort,

ainimmra) he

[^ (jaz'a returned to him good


it!
lj*(i_>

jUi-

olip (* s.th.);
(* s.th.);

to judge; to decide, Bettle

for evil III to repay, requite

* a.th.

to be positive (u> about), be


(.->

with,

<~>

s.o. for),

reoompenae

(<->

s.o.

absolutely certain
authoritatively
one's mind,
a.th.);

of s.th.); to assert to

(^

s.th.);

make up
(J* to do *

reward (J* or punish ( J* oru s.o. for)


for); to

u
|

* s.o. for);
\_y~-

to

>jjU-

(Icoi*

decide,

resolve

ran) he invoked God's reward

upon them

to impose,
s.o.);

make incumbent (J*

IV to

auffice ( s.o.),

do

for a.o. (*); to

a.th. final

on

(gram.) to pronounce the

take the place, serve instead (je of), replace


lj*(je. s.th.)

consonant (of a word) without a

vowel; to put (* a verb) into the apocopate form or the imperative

jaz*

requital,

repayment;

rec-

ompense, return; compensation,

setoff;

125

amends, reparation; punishment, penalty


|

II to

make

corporeal, invest with a


(* s.th.), give

j-J l>- {naqdi) fine


Jaz*i

body, embody, incamate

J'yr
j-

penal
pl. j_^7'tzan,
l_^-

concreto form (* to s.th.); to render or represent in corporeal form {* s.th.)


jix*

V to

jzya

become
to

corporeal,

assume concrete form,


(Chr.);

tax ;

tribute ;

head tax on

free

non-

materialize; to

become incamate

Muslims under Muslim rule


jjf tajziya reward
Ijl*

become three-dimensional
4- jasad pl. jL_*-I

ajsd body

J-*

mujzh

requital,

repayment;

A_i-1 'xd al-j.

and A_i-t LrJ- Corpus

Christi

puniahment
^_ r
j'aara
feal,

Day
<_* majaMa) to touch,

(Chr.)

{jas8,

ja-

jasadi bodily, fleshly, carnal

handle

(* s.th.); to palpate,

examine
probe

jloi-. jusdnl bodily

by touch
(* s.th.);

{* s.th.); to test, sound,

to

try

to

gain

Information
(* s.th.); to

jjf

taja&sud

materialization ;

incar-

nation (Chr.)
(a about), try to find

out
l

spy out (*

s.th.)

*-iJ

feel s.o.'s pulse,

(fig.)

rr (nabdah) to ^1 ^^J ^r*- to


_

4 mujassad embodied, oorporined

j^ mutajaarid corporeal; incamate


(Chr.),

probe, sound out, try to find out s.th.

to try to gain Information { * about), try


.*-

to find out (* s.th.); to reconnoiter, scout,

josara

u to span,

cross, traverse (* s.th.)

explore (* s.th.); to be a spy, engage in

(JjL^
risk
(

jasra, jj~*s.th.),

jusr) to venture,

espionage to spy, pry, Bnoop ( J* on


;

a.o.)

J*

have the courage ( J* to do

IjU^-l

*J

,^jtf

(akbran) to gather Ins.o.,

s.th.) II

to build a

dam

or dike; to em-

formation for
touch,
feel,

spy for

s.o.

VIII to

bolden, encourage

( s.o.,

J* to do
s.th.),

s.th.)

handle

(* s.th.); to

spy out

VI to dare, venture, risk ( J*

have

(* s.th.)

u~*r jasax u r 4J* forty al-j. delicate to the touch, having a tender surface, fresh
\

the audacity (J* to do s.th.); to be bold, forward, insolent, impudent (J* with
s.o.)

VIII to span, oross, traverse (* s.th.)

orj"W

jte* pl-

a-f^jr jawb? py

_,-* jiar pl.

r*r

ajaur,

j>-*- juar
levee;

bridge;

dam,

dike,

embankment,

i-j^l*- j&&a
(j-^-l*-

woman spy
of espionage, spy(in

(pl. ~vj-*r
|

juara) beam, girder; axle,


j~*- (mutaharrik)

jssi

axletree

'Sj**i*

Compounds)
L^-l*- j&&iya spying, espionage
*

bridge;

jL*

bridge; f'U

^ ^

movable

(muaaq) Suspension

pontoon bridge, floating

bridge
*j*.

jausaaa spying, espionage

jj*ljr^-

jasr bold, daring; forward, in-

majass spot which one touches or


sense of touch
|
l

solent,

impudent

feels;

rA\

jl*- ka&in
ljl~*r jas&ra boldnees, recklessness, in-

al-m. coarse to the touch, having a rough

trepidity; forwardneas, insolence

surface

u^- mijasB probe


(__

jjj- tajsur boldness, recklesaness,


(med.)

in-

trepidity; forwardneas, insolence

rjf

tajaasua spying, espionage

^-l*. mutajtir bold, daring; forward,


hard, rough, rugged
insolent,

^U

jsi'

impudent

J^sjL-*. seo jU--

126

vl<-*- jaamniya*

Gethsemane

*-

jaeuma u

(<!*- jo*i7na)

to be great, big,
II

(j*-)

L-*-

jaa u to

become hard,

solid

large, bulky, huge,

immense

to

make
u
-

ja$$a

corporeal, invest with a

body

u (ja) to grind, crush,

bruise,

{* s.th.),

give (* B.th.) shape or form; to materialize


{* B.th.); to cause to
(*
s.th.);

grate (* s.th.)
i*- juiia hoarseness, huskiness, raucity

stand out, bring out

to enlarge, magnify (* s.th.;

(of the voice)


^ifrlq-

e.g.,

microecope) ; to
(*
s.th.);

make

big,

bulky,

jaUS ground, grated, cnuhed

huge

to play up, exaggerate


im

(* s.th.)

to become corporeal, become

*r ajaiP, f. .Li- jaSS'* hoarse, husky,


\

embodied; to materialize; to assume a


form, take shape, become tangible or concrete; to be materialized; to

raucous (voice)
Uj-. II

and T to
juS*

belch,

burp

become

big,
Li-

large, huge, increase in volume, grow in size

and

ll*-

jufa

belch(ing),

burp(ing)

_*- jism

pl. j*L-*-l

body

(also

ajsm, {j-t jusm of an automobile); sub-

jLl- juir livestock

st&nce, matter; masa; form, shape

*/ ja&i'a a
Li*tiaJ,
*-

ijaSa*)

and V to be covetous,

jitmi bodily, phyBioal; substan-

greedy
-*-

material
jaSa'

greed,

avidity,

inordinate

*_- jasim pl. jL*- jism great, big,


large;

desire

voluminous, bulky, huge; vast,


;

immense

stout, oorpulent; weighty,

most

*- yoii' greedy, covetous


_!*- jaJSima

signicant, momentous, prodigious

a (ja&m,
(*

<*LL> j'oima)
II

to take
to

^_-

jusaim
(biol.)

pl.

-t

particle

(phys.);

upon
(

o.s.

some hardship)

make
to

corpuscle

s.o.)

suffer or
(*

undergo (*

s.th.);

_*-! ajaam*
stouter,

more voluminous,

larger;

impose
(*

on

s.o. s.th. difficult),

brden
o.s.,

more corpulent
size,

* s.o.

with

s.th.)

V to take upon

suffer,

undergo

(* s.th., e.g., hardships)

i*L*- jasma

volume; stoutness,
J^j- (eg., of. sampling

corpulence
olj-*-

iiHl) sample, specimen;

jusmn body, masa


jusmnl bodily, physical, corJlr-J-I w-Jitdl

J^-*poral
|

II

to plaster, whitewash (* s.th.)

corporal punishment
-*T
,jL-*-

TW

gypeum;

plaster of Paria

-jf tajtm embodiment; lief; enlargement,


magnification,

magnifying

tajaffana to lounge, Stretch lazily,

loU

power
_jt
(math.)

mujassam bodily, corporeal; body three-dimensional ; tangible,


;

- jt'a

beer

_^u>.

II to

corrugate (* s.th.)

material,

concreto;

raised,

relieflike,

standing out in relief (e.g., 3*-j* <!>relief

L- ;a'6a pl.

v^r

?*'<*&

quiver; tube,

map);
1*

relief;

enlarged, magnified

pipe;
|

gun
|

barrel;

O
j.

oartridge

pouch

(film) three-dimenaional (stereo-

(8yr.)

jLj^I i-r

ffbr

town gosaip

scopic) film,

3-D motion picture

(person)

127

mm>-

ja'ja'a (*>- ja'ja'a) to clamor, roar,

think, deem, believe

(<_>

or

s.o.

to

shout; to clatter, clap; to bluster, ex-

be

...,

* * a.th. to be

...),

take

(<_>

or

plode in anger
**>>**- ja'ja'a

s.o.

for,

* * s.th. for); to represent (*

hubbub, rumpus, olamor,

s.th., _)>*

ae, or in

the form

of, s.th.

roar;

creak,

clapping noiae (of a mill

eise);
s.o.,

to appoint, settle (J
in
s.o. 's

* s.th.
give,

for

wheel) ; bluster
PImu*.
ja' ja"

favor)

to

grant,
s.o.),

concede (J *
clamorous,
boiBteroua,

s.th.,

an advantage, to

put

s.o.

(J) in

the

way
s.o.

of s.th. (*); to

noisy; bawler, loud-mouthed person

attribute (* J to s.o. s.th.), maintain that

Xu- ja'uda

(~*}j>*r

jv'da, iL*, ja'da)

and

s.th.
(Jl

(>)

belongs to

(J); to entrust
{

T to become
(hair); to be

curly, frizzed, kinky, ourl

* s.th. to s.o.); to put, get

s.o.,

wavy; to be creased;
curl, (* frizz {m s.th.;

to be

* s.th., into a specific State or condition);

wrinkled
hair); to

II to

s.th.;

the

(with

foll.

imperf.) to begin to, aet out to|

wave

the hair); to

Jaj *L. to induce b.o. to do; to


s.o.

make
*Lu>-

crease, pleat, plait (* cloth); to wrinkle


{* the skin)
u- ja'd (or oJl 0*j. j.

do

s.th. (in

a narrative); Hy^t
place
s.o.

(bi-manzilati)

to
.u

on
(/

equal

footing with ;
al-yad,
>JSJl .u-

Jjbi.

*L*.

mutend*
within

wali yadihi) to bring or put


s.o.'s

s.th.

al-kqff) stingy, niggardly, tightfiated


0*- ja' da curl, lock, ringlet

reach III to seek to bribe, try to


s.o.

win

(<_>

with

B.th.)

tjXu- ja'dl

and

0**-l

aj'ad* curly
loafer,

J**-

ju'l

pl.

JUij-I

afl pay, wages;

ti-Lj*- pa'fi

(ey.)

bum,

good-

piece wages; reward, prize


Jj-

for-nothing
4-*l* taj'id* wrinkles, lines (of the face)
klilxwf taja"udt wrinkles

ju'U:

^-

Jltfl

{iUifq)

piece

work contract
J**- jv'al pl. ">U- ji'ln

dng

beetle;

scarabaeus

Uf

muja"ad

curled,

frizzed;

wavy;
ll
ji'la,

furrowed, creased; wrinkled

ja'ala,

ju'la

pl.

JJU*.

Uo muiaja"id
J-u-

ja''iP pay, wages; allowance; reward,

curled, frizzed;

wavy;

prize; bribe
Ll>>>-

furrowed, creased; wrinkled

jugry and vi/** jufirfiya geog|

ja'dana idle talk, goeaip (b.)

raphy

S..J

vL^

(/oM'iya) physical

/**- ja'ara

{ja'r)

to drop

its

manure (animal)

geography
jl>*- jugrfi geographica!; geographer
i_i-

l_^u-.

_y)

ab

ji'rn* Bcarabaeus;

dng

beetle

Jaffa

(Ist pers. perf. jafaftu)

(JU.

jim^ ja'jar
J*- ja'ala

little river,

creek
(* B.th.); to put,

jaff, >i- juff) to dry,

become dry;
(* B.tb.)

to dry out

II

to dry,

make dry

(ja'l)

to

make

JiU*- jaff dryness; desiccation; dry-

place, lay (* s.th.); to create (* s.th.);

ing up; dullnesa


JiLijf tijff pl.

to effect, bring about (* s.th.); to


(* * s.th. a rule,

make
like,

a principle, or the

Juil* tajfif* protective

s.o., e.g.,
s.o.

leader, king, etc.), appoint


office,

to an

rank, or the like);


price, at); to

tajftf

drying; desiccation; de-

to fix, set (* * a

Bum, a

hydration; drainage

128

<-Jl*- J Jf

dfJ

*-J^r^*- J* {qalam hibr)

*^i*-

jafwa roughneas;

estrangement,
dissension,

ball-point
<Jii

pen
desiccated, de-

alienation ;

disagreement,

mujaffaf dried,

quarrel
Li*- jaf'

hydro ted; oljt dehydrated foods


Li*-

roughness, harshneae; stern-

neas; antipathy, aversion, distaate, loath/u/d* useless,

vain,

futile

Li*-

_^i

ing; estrangement, alienation

dahaha juf'an to be in voin, be of no


avail, pass useleaaly
C-i*c*i*x

yr

ajf

refraining

even

more

(J

from),
jt/J,
(5t/f

more averse

(J to s.th.)

(pronounced

/(;
|

ep.)

pincers, tweezers;

metal clamp

cu*-

jU- jfin

pl. Li*-

jufh harsh, rough,

coarse; brutiah, uncouth, rde


Lj-i
j.

Saryn arterial olamps


iiTU- look up alphabetically
eg.) filigree

jj*; (pronounced SiftiH;


ilbu-.
jt/titfc

farm, country estate; govero{Pal.)


i&

jS^*- III (syr.)

to tease

( s.o.)

ment land

jaa *J*al-j.

(J^*-

jall)

to be great, lofty,

ji*- jafr, jl\

'

divination, for-

exalted, illustrious, sublime; to be too

tunetelling
ijj*- jufra pl. jji- jujar pit, hole

great (j* for), be beyond s.th. (jt), be


far

above

s.th. (je)

j~J-l
|

J* Jr
II

('an

il-hofir)

to be innumerable
{ s.o.);

to honor,

Ji*- jafala i
start,
II

(jafi,

J>**- jw/0 an<l


fright; to

IV to

dignify, exalt

to cover (* s.th.,

jump with
( s.o.)

shy (horse)
to scare

esp. the ground, as snow, plante, etc.);

to start, rouse (*s.th.,

s.o.);

to envelop, wrap, drape, clothe ; to border,

away
Ji*-

edge
J>*- jw/* fright, alarm;
(
1

{* s.th.,

^ with)

IV to honor, digni-

jafl

and

fy, revere, venerate,


s.o.)
;

esteem highly, exalt

to

shying
tiiLU-

deem too high, too exalted ( j*


beyond
B.th.
s.th. {je-)
(

for s.th.), consider far

(pronounoed

Siflik; eg.)

VI to deem

o.s. far

above

je)

X to

be great, exalted, sublime


ja*- jafn pl. >i*- jufn, OLL*-! aj/dn eyelid

iU*- ;'a/na pl.

6 Li*-

;/n,

iLi*- jafant

J*J*-

jatt great,

outstanding; bolky
bulle,

bowl; graps vine


(^i*-) Li*- jaf

ju major portion,
|

majority,
t*V'
J*-

main part

*!*-

jvuh most of it;

{jafw, Li*- jaf') to be rough,

;.

al-umma the majority of the people;

coaree; to treat

s.o.)

roughly, harshly;
flee

4-i

J-

ite

main Contents;
muoh,

*jl

to turn
(

away
III

from), shun, avoid,


treat
(
s.o.)
(

(jvu) that

at least,

JUL U J-j can be said

s.o.)

to

roughly,
to s.o.);
flee

that...

rudely, harshly; to be oruel

to be crosa
(

with

s.o.);

to elude,

JL-

jalal

important, significant, mo-

s.o.;

slumber); to offend (* against

mentous, weighty
J*jvlid pl. Jl*-

good
like)

taste, one's sense of honor,

or the

jvkd matter of great


undortaking,

VI to withdraw (j* from), shun,


(

importanos,

momentous

avoid

b.o.);

to loathe
to)
;

{je- s.o., s.th.),

great feat, exploit

have an aversion (je

to display rde

<U
ball;

jvUa,

jitta

droppings,
Jl*-

dng

(of

manners, aot the ruffian


ji+- jafw roughneas, harshness

animals);

Jutta

pl.

julal

(oannon)

bomb

129

<-
goods)

<U- jna attire, elothing

<ijjX\ 1U-1
epis-

to import (a goods); to fetch,


call in ( s.o.); to attract,

(1J^5I)

(habrawiya,

kahntiya)

summon,
(a, (a,
a

draw

copal (sacerdotal) vestments (Chr.)

s.o., s.th.); s.o., s.th.);

to seek to attract or win


to get, procure (a s.th.)
fetching; procure

JJ*-

jtdtl

pl.

oU-l

a;tH<S' 8 , *-l

ajta,
!_Jj>-

JJlU- jal'* great, important, significant,

jalb bringing,

weighty,

momentous;

lofty,

exalted,

ment; acquisition; importation, import;


causation, bringing on, bringing about
!_Jj>-

sublime; reverod, honorable, venerable;


glorioua, splendid

jalab imported; foreign jalab

J-^U jall loftiness, sublimxty, augustness; splendor, glory


"*}>-

i_-i*-

and

<JU-

jalaba

clamor;

uproar, tumult, turmoil

jalla loftiness,
|

subUmity, august(i--U*) !_^-L*


7.

<JU- julba scar


i_--L- jalib

ness; majesty

tl'^i-l

His
imported, foreign;
(pl. ^1*-

(Her) Majesty,

illil

iJ-^U-

al-malik His

jaJb, -LU- julab' 2 ) foreign slave

Majesty, the King

^^U2 J-l ajall groater;

jallb

attractive,

captivatmg
J

more sublime; more


importer, trador; see also alphabetically
iJI

splendid
iLfi

v^T

a ' av 6

trader
[eg.) pl. -t,

majalla
|

pl.

-( periodical;

review,
J-j-^U-

gallbiya

^"^U-

gal

magazine

v^*-' *l (iwfc'iya) weekly

b 1 galabia, a loose, shirtlike garment,


the

magazine; s_+publication;
fessional
_;

^f

(JoAriya)

monthly
proin
iL*.

i^U
for
.

common

dress of the male population

iL*
.

(Aflsa)

Egypt
<_jLU- see

Journal

. ;

*&+-*$

lawbook, code; jol^l iLf do.


<U"
tajifa

below under

i_--U-

and

JlU-i

jiZ

honor,

i_Jj^-1

ajlab 2

more

attractive,

more

distinction;

esteem, deference, respect;

captivating
d_Lf majlaba pl. i_JLf majlib* causa-

reverence
a

tive
J*-

factor,

motive, reason, cause, oc-

ju rose
jub rose water; julep

casion
urJ'^u-l istijlb

t-}U- jwZafc,

procurement, acquisi-

tion;
i>;:>U- (Fr. gtlatine) ieltin jelly

importation, import; supply; at|

traction

j>^LJI ^"iUiJ promotion of

V
1

^*- (Fr. glaci) glaseh (eg.)

kid leather

tourist traffic

i_L- jalaba

(jalb)

to attract (a s.th.); to

JU-

jlib

causative factor,

motive,

fetch, get, bring

(a s.th.,

J to s.o.); toim2
^

reason, cause, occasion

port (a goods); to bring about (a a state,


condition) to bring (a hrm, shame,etc,
;

r>'iU- julb, jullb rose water; julep


(bot.)

Jp upon s.o.) to gain, win, obtain


;

(* s.th.)

LL- jalaba jalap

to earn (a s.th.); (vj^r fuliib) to scar


over, heal (wound) II to shout, clamor;
1-U- II tajalbaba to clothe o.s.
(l->

with), be

to be noisy, boisterous IV to earn, gain,

clothed, be clad
fig.)

(l_>

in a

garment, also

acquire (a s.th.);
VIII

=
on

II;

VII pass. of I
fetch,

to

procure,

bring,

get

(*

<_jLU- jilbb pl.

_-xj">U-

jalblb*

garment,

s.th.); to

draw

(a

s.th.); to

import (*

dress,

gown; woman's dress

^Lr
LU- jidvbbn ohickling vetoh, grass pea
(Lathyrus Bativus)
1

130

0-1*-

julaida pl. -dt


film (phot.)

membrane,

pel-

liole;
oi*.

JmJU> jaljala to re verberate; to resound, ring

j'afcwi

endurance; suffering; pa-

out; to rattle; to shake

(* s.th.)

tience;
Hol,

firmament

J**U

jvljul pl.

Jr^r

jaljiP (little)

joo

lash, Btroke
IxL-

with a whip

bell, Bleigh bell;

cowbell; jingle

O-l*-

jolJ pl.

julad*' staunoh,

iUJj- jaljala sound of a bell; lond,


shrill

steadfast; strong, sturdy


0-1*-

sound
mujaljil shrill,
pieroing;
ring-

jalid iee

0-1*-

J-*-

jafai

7.

iceberg;

J^Lf

O-ill

j- 4*Li

(<#'<*) ice floe

ing, resoimding, rererberant


i$0-l*-

jaZidtioy, ice-oovered, glacial, iee


|

'iUJ- juljula, ILnJU-I J-*- jabalal-j. Golgotha

(adj.);

snow-oovered

^-lU;I j~JI {'ap)

the Ice

Age
7o2tZ<f

^UJ-

jidjtdn, jjiln

Besame
j^Llong-suffering, patient

;aZAa a O'aJaA) to be or

become bald

^Ul

a/ZoA",

f.

-l^L- jalh'*, pl.

^U jui

j'iU jalld pl. -fin leather merohant;

executioner,

hangman
and *^>U- julvda endurance,

bald-headed, bald
j^U- jalda

L-

jalafca

a and II to sharpen
{*

(* s.th.); to

patience
loLf mijlada whip, lash, scourge
oJLf tajlid freezing; bookbinding

whet, hone

a knife), strop (* a razor);

to stretch, extend, roll out (> metal)


*J*j'aZfc

grindstone, whetstone, hone

ai*.

jalada

{jald)

to whip,

flog, lash ( s.o.);

i'iU

jtfcjrf

fight, battle (against)

jalida a to be frozen, freeze; jaluda


u to be tough, hardy, undismayed, steadfast, patient II to

oLf tajavd endurance, patience


-drf.

mujaid;

<

bind

(*

a book);

r&\ oU m.

a/-ih**u&

(to

bookbinder
oi* mujaUad frozen, ioy, ice-covered; bound (book); (pl. -t) volume (book)
oJlf mujlid pl. -an gladiator
olu* mvlajaid patient

oaase) to freeze (* s.th.) III to fight

(# s.o.)

IV to freeze; to be frozen, be oovered with


ice

to take heart; to

show
o.s.

o.s.

tough, hardy, robust; to resign

to

patience; to bear, Buffer VI to engage in

a sword fight
oi.

jald flogging;

(pl.

:oU-l ajld)

J^UfJ

jitiauz (ooll.; n. un. ) hazelnut; hazel

staunch, steadfast; strong, sturdy


oi*- jild pl. jl*-

Ajr jalaaa

(,j->U- ?&**) to Bit

down

(Jl

jvld, J'iU-l ajldskin,

with

s.o.,

at a table,
s.o.,

etc.,

J on a

chair);

hide;

leather

oUic

oi*.

(suktiyn)

to sit (Jl with


chair)
|

morocoo; fli
.U*-

oi*-

(lamm') patent leather

*Upl

Jl ^^JL- (rasam)

at a table, J* on a to Bit for

jUda akin, hide; pieee of leather;


LixL^>\

a painter
s.o.,

III to Bit (*

with

s.o.,

next to
()

race

Um

jildatin

our country-

in b.o.'r Company); to keep s.o. to sit down,

man, our
ban
j.

fellow tribesman, pl. bJ-*- j->

Company IV to ask
down, seat
( s.o.)

make

sit

t^oi*.

jildi

dermal,

outaneous,
diseases

skin

*~L- jal&a pl. -t seat (in an auditorium)


seseion (of parliament, of a committee,

(adj.)
f

3j-*- <j*'j*' 8'"11

131

^
Ja ^pLf
r (

of a court,
ing
|

eto.)

party, gathering, meet-

tuUi)

court, tribunal (3yr.);

5-JU- J*

*aqada jalsaian to convene

{^jSLc

or)

jjfr

^r-U

('r/i f

'fawJ)

a Session ;
Session

i*U

JL-

('dmma)

plenary

court-martial; /VI *--* ^rif m. 'u^fraf

a-umam
Nations
;

Council
aj**II ,jJje.

of

the

League

of

JL- jtba manner of sitting


)>r

the

House of Comdraft

mons; tVI ^r-U m. al-a'yn Senate


JUjaZi pl. Ul*- julas'* participant

(/r M

in a social gathering; table

oompanion;

Jon*.); Jj^Vl

^r-U

board,
^Sfi^^JLf
i_

recruiting commission (mil.);

one with
the

whom

one

sits

together; *-*!*-

(qarawi)
(tgtis&it)

local

man who was

oouno;

&jj ^aL^
t/y
;

at the party with

him

economic

oouncil;

rSjt

<-xU- jaltsa lady oompanion; fem. of

(qaumi) national
jjiJ!

assembly

L
j^fli

^pJLf

ta.

qiydat af-taura

Supreme Rev-

^j^r

ftds

sitting;

sitting

down;

olutionr Tribunal

(Eg.);

accession to the throne; pl.


jlis sitting

of

^U-

and jjTVl
Counoil
(==

^1
le

,^1
Grand
Tun.);

(akbar)

the

Qrand Conse;

^jjjt

majlis pl.

^Lf

majlif seat;

Cr^jjW or^f tbe House of Lords; ^ySjt <-*'>" m. an-nuuwdft lower house, Chamber of deputies; (jLJ ^S*. (niybi) parliament;
<#i-l

Session

room, oonferenoe room; party,


meeting;
sooial

gathering,

gathering

^rJLf

m. al-jiha approx.:
de rigion;

Session, sitting;

counc meeting; counoil;


College ;

provincial counoil

(= conse

ooncilium ;

collegium,

board,

Tun.); *\jjj\ ^ySjt m. al-uwzar" cabinet,


Council of ministen

oommittee, commission; administrative


board; court, tribunal
presence, in s.o.'s
|

*Jjt

in a.o.'s

Company;

LJLf mujlaM
(

social interoourse

*__j^Lji ^^JLf

and

^jk

ijJjL disciplinary

board;
jliT

rJLf
-\*

(jJU-

7'fifw pl.

tj-i-tj

conatituent assembly;

sitting; pl.

t^l*- 7*W*, u^^*- 7'uZZd ^"^U- partioipants in a sooial

regional court {tribunal regional; Tun.);


1*VI
iJ

gathering
.LU- jalafa
i

SA

m. al-umma parliament m.
al-amn
,jjjc.

(Ir.);

(jalf)

^Vl
i^jJj

to ohafe, gall, abrade (*

^ySjt

the

Seourity

the

flkin);

to shave

Counoil; oiJI
(

m. al-baladtya and

(^J\

ar-ra'aa the

head)
iUL7'uZ/a

rJLf

(baZtuft)
<~>^J-I

local Council, ,jA*-

munic-

ipal

counoil;
t_

m. al-harb war
probate court
(mubtalif)

lump, clot
olot,

Council;
(for

^^-Lf {Aa*oi)

maunya) blood
t_iijilf pl.

<u* 1ULthrombus
|

(da*

Muslims; %.); -Us*


(eg.);
fli-dl

^M

-^U-l

07*20/

boorish, rde, un-

mized court
oouncil;

^Sfi-

defense

civil

\j\>*j\

^^-U

m.

oZ-Zra

ad-

ministrative board, committee of managernent, directorate; board of directors (of

lU

^zZ/a/a (<l*iU jalfaja) to calk {*


(eg.)

a ship)

jiL- galjana

to galvanize

a oorporation or bank); i^-ili

rJLf m.

olU- galjana galvanization


Jljf

al-mudiriya provincial Council, provincial

parliament (Eg.);

iijj}\

S*. m. ad-daula

mugalfan galvanized

Supreme

Administrative

Court

(Eg.) ;

"^- jalqa:

<uj

i*-^.

(garowtyo) yokel,

(A) religious court, clerical tf-jj t^Jjf court (of the Coptio Church); jj^i ^IjL
iJjjJI

bumpkin
j]*-

m. fr d-daula counc of stete;

jalama
j]*-

(jalm) to clip, shear off {* s.th.)


pl. p-^-! a7'Idm

>" cr-^f oouncil of eiders; Senate (9.);

jaZom

shears

; ;

rW
r _^l ab galamb
.ui- II
(eg.)

a variety of orab

olarify,
(*

clear

up

{* s.th.),

throw

light

on); to uncover, unearth, bring to

tajalmada to be petrified

light, find out, discover, detect (* s.th.)


*>U- 'j

-ui-

jalmad

pl. pl.

-u^0-.^U-

jaJmW and
jalmld
1

ij*U-

jtdmd

rook,

ihn jal a famous, well-known

bolder

man, a

celebrity

jUL- juUanr pomegranate blossom


(^U- and J-) ^U- 70W s.th.) ;to olear (* the

J*r jally clear, piain, evident, patent, manifest, obvious, conspicuous; LL- ja*

to olean, polish (*
clear,

l\yan obviously, evidently


SJ*- jaltya pl. L^U- jaly sure thing,

view);tomake

make
throw

piain* clarify, olear


light

up

(* s.th.),

piain fact

y J j\ LL-

jallyat al-amr the

on

(*);

to reveal, unveil,

true State of the affair


J-l

didoae (*

s.th.);
*

to dislodge, oust, res.o.

move

(je * or

or s.th. from); to
(

ajl clearer,

more obvious, more

shine, be briiant, distinguish o.a.


s.th.); to

distinot

in IjL- jilwa unveiling (of the bride)


|

be or become

clear, evident,

manifest; to pull out,


place),

move out
(j*

(j* of a

jLU

lailat al-j.

wedding night
clarification,

go away, depart

from

*iU-

jal*

eluoidation

place), leave, quit,

evacuate (j* a place);

clarity, clearness, plainness, distinctness

J-

jal i to polish, burnish (* s.th.)


(

departure, (e)migration

(je-

from); evacmtl.);
*sU

II to reveal, disclose, bring to light

jp or
*

uation

(j*

of

an

area;

* s.th.);
s.th..)
;

to show, represent

s.o.,

clearly, plainly

IT to

remove,

dislodge,
;

oust,

drive

away

(*,

s.o., s.th.)

to evacuate

jLL- jalayn
alypse {Chr.)

vision, revelation, apoc-

( s.o.,

,j* from); to

move away, go away


leave
(je-

(j* from a place),

a place)

Jlf

majdlin

(pl.

of

Jjf

majlan)

to

become
itself,

olear, evident, manifest; to

manifestations
5JL* tajtiya: i-*^l SJjf (hiya) divine

reveal

be revealed;
light,

to

appear,

show, come to
itself;

come

out, manifest

revelation; theophany (Chr.)


Jjf tajain revelation, manifestation;

to be manifested, be expressed,

find expression VII to be clean or cleaned,

Transfiguration (of Christ)

be polished, be bumished to be removed,


;

J^ifl

X*

'id

be dislodged, be ousted; to move away


(j* from a place), vacate, evacuate (j*

at-t.

Transfiguration
ijtil*

Day

(Chr.)

ob-l

oontemplation
clarification, eluoidation

a place) to be dispelled, vanish, go away,


;

IUj^I

istijla

pass

(crisis,

difficulty,
itself,

etc.);

to

dis-

appear; to reveal
disclosed;

be revealed, be
(bride)
;

<JU- jliya

pl. -t, Jlj-

jawlin colony

to

be unveiled
manifest

to

(of foreigners) ; colony of emigrants


J*il al-mujai the

become

manifest,

itself;

to

winner

(in

a race)

become
end (je
j)j\

clear or piain; to clear

up and

Jm> mutajain obvious, evident, manifest,

reveal (j* s.th.); to lead,


in)
;

come (& to), ** Jj^JJ L the outcome of the matter, what


to result
(jt- in)
j

patent

jjL-. galn pl. ~t gallon (eg.)

will (*
(*)

come of

it

VIII to reveal, disolose


(*
s.th.),

j^Lf mugalwan galvanized

(eg.)

s.th.);

to regard

look at to

to seek to olarify (*

s.th.);

juU see J-

J-

133

O^rk* gilyotin guillotine


*lr

(eg.)

pjh

jamaha a (jamk, mh) to bolt


unruly, recalcitrant

*-L>a

jimh,

r-j**

ju

abbreviation

of tj*A

a^

(horee); to be refractory,
;

Egyptian

to be defiant; to be

pound

capricious, whimsical; to
i

run out on her


(wife)

** jamma

u (jamm) to gather; to
luxuriantly

collect

huaband, run away from home

one's thoughta, concentrate ; to rest II and

^L^ jimah
fulness

recalcitrance, defiance; will-

V to grow

(plante)

to

gather; to colleot one's thoughts, concentrate; to rest, relax, seek recreation


(j>-

r^> jumh
wifulness

recalcitrance,

defiance

from); to be covered with luxuriant


rj*:
ruly,
plentiful;
7

Vegetation (ground)
*-

am h

headatrong,

defiant, un-

jamm abundant,
of;

ungovemable
jmik
headstrong, defiant,

much,
*L*-

a great deal

many, numerous; manicrowd, group of people


|

un-

fold, multiple;

ruly; indomitable, untamable


*-l>

_rVi
L*-_

yr

j-

al-atar effective, efficacious;

jamada

u,

L*-

-u-l

(akabbah kubban) to be more


of;

jamuda u (jamd, jj> jw


to
congeal,

md)
stnTen,
ify;

to

freeze ;

than

fond

i*

harden,

Jjlji

numerous ad-

vantages, ample benefits; jJ

be or become hard or
coagulate, clot
(in

solid, solid-

large

to

(blood); to

be

crowd, throng
rigid,
>l>;

inflexible

one's thinking); to

jamm

rest, relaxation, recreation,

stagnate; to be apathetic, indolent, dull,


indifferent
|

gathering of new strength

*-iJ

o>i> to be indifferent

^t

majamm

place where s.th. gathers


|

toward, put up with, aoquiesce in; OJj^


Jj

or flows together

u**^_*j J\j\ li*


this

(yaduk) to be niggardly, tightfisted


to freeze, frost, congeal (*s.th.); tosocoagulate, harden, stiffen (* s.th.);

jt
II

(muatajma'uh)

what

opinion

alidify,

mounts to
jf tagmim
(eg.)

to curdle (* s.th.); to freeze (* assets)

bobbed hairdo

(of

T to

freeze,

become

frozen, turn into ice,

women)
fit*-I

freeze up,

become icebound; to
cement)
to

freeze to

istijmm

colleotednesa ;

con-

death; to congeal; to solidify; to harden,


set
(o.g.,
;

centration; attentiveness, attentive rev-

coagulate,

clot

erence; rest, relaxation, reoreation

(blood)

VII to freeze up, become icefreeze,

bound; to

beoome

frozen, turn to

M.
iSjf'.

iSJ^*\

'

ice
Xf-_

(from

It.

gambero) gambari,
(zool.)

^^> gam-

jamd

freezing; congelation, solidi|

ma
1

(eg.)

shrimp

fication,
al-j.

coagulation

jJA

~**-j*

darajat

freezing point

"*>

jamjama

(*~*++i

jamjama),

f^iftl

j*j-_

Jj^

jamad jamd

ice
pl. -t

(kalma) and II tajamjama to articulate


indistinctly,

stammer

to

express

.iL*;

o.a.

solid;

inorganio

poorly, speak incoherently; to


*i**>;

mumble
skull, cra-

body; mineral; inanimate body, inani-

mate being;

neuter {gram.)
state;
solid,

jumjuma

pl. yr-L*;

jamjim 2

nium
jumjumi cranial

^>

jumvd frozen

com-

pact state, compactness, solidity; rigor,


rigidity, stTness ; inorganio state ;

harden-

; ;

134

ing,

induration; hardnesB, infiexibility;


standstill ;
inertia,

mijmara
zier; censer

pl.

j-Lf majmir* bra-

deadlock,
inactivity;
indifference
**j*~.

inaotion,

lethargy, apathy, paasivity,


*iSj*:

aoe

j^*;

jumda

solidity,

hardness
hardening;

i!j> (eg.)

gumruh

pl. iijLr;
|

gamrik* customs;
**j

cuBtomhouse

j*}-)

raam

al-g. oub-

if

tajmid solidification,

toms duty,
Sj*:

tariff

consolidation ; reinforcement (of a foundation)


|

Ji>/Sll u*9^

' al-amwl freezing

gumruH
|

customs, tariff (used at*l*'

tributively)

of assete

Sy.

{tihd)

customs

union
A*jC

tajammud

freezing; frost; conge-

ii^Hf
lation; solidification; coagulation
j \j I

mugamrak duty paid


(coli.; n.
bot.)

injimd

freezing

up

or

ov er,

>>

jummaiz

un.

5)

sycamore

(Fi-

icing up; ice formation

cus syoomorus;
atiff;

.uU jmid hard,

solid;

rigid;

ifjA*- look

up
i

alphabetically

motionless; inanimate, inorganic; (gram.)


defective; dry, dull (book,

and the

Jjh jamaSa
II to

(jami)

to unhair (* s.th.)

like);

make

love, caress, pet (jam') to gather (* s.th.); to

impervious to progress or Innovation,


ossified,

ultraconservative;

pl.

^j>-

ja*

> jama'a a

wmid* inanimate things, inorganio matter, mineral


.Uj*i*

collect (* e.g.,

money); to unite, combine,


to set,

bring together (parts into a whole); to


frozen, icy;

mvtajammid

put together, join


BtifF,

(*

things);

congealed; coagulated
Uj^i.
arctic
|

compose

(*

type; typ.); to compile (*

a book) ; to summarize,

sum up
;

(> s.th.)

munjamid

frozen, icy, ice (adj.);

to rally, round

up

> people)

to pile up,

Ju*^l\ U-\

(muAit) the Arctio

amass, accumulate (*

s.th.); to

assemble

Ocean
VpLr; jumd name of the
fifth

(>
and sixth

several

persona); to oonvoke, con-

vene, call (* a meeting); to add (*


bers),

num-

months of the Muslim year (JjVI j^Lf: j. l-l Jumada I and ljl\ ^L*: j. l-kira

add up
plural,

(*

a column); (gram.) to a word); to


(jw several
(j

make

pluralize (*

Jumada
\j*l II

unite, link, bring together


II)

things or persona) ; to combine


e.g.,

Ju
s.th.

to roast (* meat) VIII to burn incense


jX-

both strength and courage); to conoomprise


(* s.th.)
|

jamr embers,

live

coal

Jp lT

tain, hold,

*Jit^Wl

ji^l

^1

{aharra)

to b on tenter-

*^}\ (afrAfa) to summarize,

sum up

hooka; to be in greatest suspenso, be

to give a survey of s.th.; -

1*1 jJl

dying with curiosity


j> jamra
(n.

llitjH {barfTata) to be very efficient,

^ ^ do

an excellent
un. of j>) live coal;
firebrand, smoldering embers;

Job,

do superlatively good
round
<->\&\

work; ajUI Jt*


(tafahtih) the
Cjj-j

*#; (Sartda l-q.) to

rankling
(med.)
|

up the herd; VU^L ju

resentment;

(pl. -t)

carbunole

book contains,

lists...;

SSsJ-'I.SjJ;!

anthrax
pith,

jl*-

jummr palm

(edible

palm core tuber growing at the Upper end

of bait

plural J* - * (yujma'u) the is buyt U to pile up, amass, accus.th.) ;to rally,

mulate (*

round up

(s.th.,

of the palm trunk)

>

s.o.);

to assemble (* the parts of a

ma-

f*
chine) III to

have sexual intercourse (U


s.th.,

sembly

/^/l

L-j*;

j.

al-umam League
(kairiya) charij.

with a woman) IV to agree ( Jp on

to

of Nations;
table
al-ia'f ice;

*j_r*-

*r*-*r

do

be agreed (J on); to decide unanimously <Jp on), reaolvo (J* to do


B.th.); to
s.th.)
|

Organization ;

<Ji

U-V

L^>

approx.

civil

ambulance
('ummiya)

Serv-

j>j*\

\j**~)

(amrahum)

they

4?*ij

*>

(ta&ri'iya)
-v**;

legislative

came to terms, they made a


cision

Joint de-

assembly;
L.I*.

"^j^

and

to gather; to assemble, congre-

a~*j-

('mma) general assembly; gen-

gate; to rally,

band together,

flock to-

eral

meeting; plenum, plenary Session;

gether (people); to pile up; to accumulate; to gather into a masB,

SJjljJ -*> (ta'wuniya) cooperative

agglomerate
->

jamV
all

(with
all;

foll.

genitive)

total;
_--;

to Cluster; to coagulate VIII to be close

together; to

como

whole, entire;
together, meet, join;
all
(t_>

entirety; e.g., ^-LJl

men,

to unite, combine

mankind;

with); to assemble,

gM

all

people,
[*~*-

mcet, convene (an Organization, a committee, etc.); to be or get together, have

everybody; the public at large;

ja*
all,

mV an
all

in a body, altogether,

one and

of them; entirely, wholly, totally


*r\ ajma' 2 pl. -n,
f.

a meeting, interview or Conference, hold


talks
(i-j,

with

s.o.),

meet

(>->,

- s.o.);

Li*;

jam'' 2 , pl.
all
|

(Jp in), agree, be agreed (Jp on s.th.) X to gather, collect (* s.th.;


also
\jt

to coneur

**;
*)

juma' 9
l/V--^/1
Li-;

entire,

whole,

JUll

(ajma'a) the entire Islamic

quwhu
s.th.);

one's

strength, j-Kil

world;

jUI

(jam''a)

the
ita

whole

afkrah one's thoughts); to summarize,

house;

j^Ij

bi-ajmaihi in

entirety,

sum up
(* s.th.)

(*

to possess, combine

to its fll extent, completely, altogether;


-jjL--;

j jU-

all

of

them came
total,

A-T

jam' gathering;

collection;

com-

Li*;

jumma

aggregate ;

total

bination; connection, coupling, joining;

amount

aecumulation;

(arith.)

addition;

union,

O tJ^.jif p
battery

**:

jamma

kahrab'i storage

merger, aggregation, integration (jo of); holding together


arate things);
(pl. (j>j

of divergent, sep-

fjt-

jumu)

gathering,

**U; jam'a

pl. -t

group (of people);

crowd, throng; gang, troop; (gram.) plural


|

band, gang, party, troop; Community;

J*.iJi
_t*

j-;

j.

as-Saml union, integra(

aquad (military unit; Eg. 1939)

oUU-;

tion;

SoJI
*>l

*> the broken


*^\ the regulr

internal)

bly lj jam'tin iva-afrdan in groups and


individually

plural,

JUI

(=

external)

plural;

I ism
j-; j.

al-j.

collective
fist

noun

^l*: jam'i

collective (as

opposed to

(gram.); oJl
*-*;

al-yad

fjiji jardi individual)

jum',
fist,

eJaSOl

j.

al-kaff,
|

-dl

-j^

j.

**

majma

pl.

-bf

majmi' 2 place

al-yad

clenched hand

*jOj

** with

where two or more things meet, place or


point of union, junetion; meeting, congregation,

clenched
lo*;

fists

Convention,
m.'ilmi)

assembly;

(also

jum'a
4*-M *y_

pl.

-> juma'
al-j.

-t

week; Fri1

-J*

*-

academy

(scientific);

day

yaum

Friday
4-M

f^/*!

**>
College (e.g., of ecclesiostical dignitaries);
r>-

Pasaion Week;
ojj-i

-...U-Jl

and

4-M

synod
|

jjJj
;

l*j

(baladi) provincial

synod

Good Friday

{Chr.) (Chr.)

J jJS"l

(ikllriki)

clerical

L-^ jam'iya
society;

pl. -t

club,

association,
as-

synod
<>jiJ}\

(of the Coptic

Church);

j**L*-", -U--1

Corporation,

Organization ;

to win or captivate the hearta;

c*
_L* ^U^c, &-m. 'ainatAt (to look at a.o.)

jmi' comprehensive,

extensive,

with complete concentration, intently


j*jf

broad, general, universal; coector; oompiler (of a book); compositor, typesetter;


(pl. p*\j>r

majma'i academy member, aca-

demician
*-, tajmV assembly, assemblage (of

jawmi' 1 ) mosque

**L-

0*

(masjid) great, central

mosque where the

public prayer

is

performed on Fridays
league, union, asso-

the parts of machinery)

LuU- jmi'a
f-

pl. -t

Lf;

jim'

sexual

intercourae ;

s.th.

ciation;

Community;

federation;

reli-

comprising
or a

or involving another thing


of thinga
|

gious community,
nesB,

communion; commonal-kahrab'
/"ill

number
j.

^\

f-L^

_^\

al-

Community
|

of interests or purpose;
j.

kamr
is

al-itm

wine involves

sin,

wine

university

^_rt&' ***L-

the vessel of sin


f-lr^l

storage battery, accumulator;


j.

<<mU4**Li-i i*\i.\

ijma Agreement, unanimity (also

al-umam League of Nationa;


{islmxya) Pan-Islamiam;
('arabiya)

Jj]l

f-Lr^l);

do

s.th.);

{Ist

unanimous resolution (J* to Law) consensus {of the

VlL/l/l
5-*j*JI

and

i-jjJI
;

JjJi

<<mU-

authorities in a legal question; one of

(duwal)

the

Arab League

i_*i

<<mU-

the four ufl of iBlamic Law)

f-U^Vl

(a'biya) university extension, adult edu-

unanimously
,jX*-}

cation courses, evening courses

ijm'i based

on general agree-

JL.U-

jmt'i academic, collegiate, uni-

ment, unanimous; collective, universal


>*jf

versity (adj.); university graduate


f-j^jf

tajammu'

pl. -t

Coming together,

majm'
matter
l-qufr

collected, gathered; to-

meeting; gathcring; troop concentration;

tality,

whole; total,

sum

(arith.)

j^i-l
fj*^"

crowd,

throng,

mob;

agglomeration;

*^*jM

{typ.);

JLJd\

j-iljl

O
s.o.

agglutination (chem..-med.)

m. ar4i
country
;

the

total

area

of

the
total

tij^

j**
(

m
e

/#A

its

f\*r
;

ijtima"

pl. -t

meeting

(<-

with

of a corporate body ; of parliament)


gathering,

length; ^~*JI f>*?^

a$abi) the nervous

System
**>*j

get-together,

assembly;

re-

union;

rally;

Convention;
(a&tron.)
;

conjunction,
(of

majm* a

pl. -t,

*~*ljf

majmi**

constellation
rivers)
life,
;

confluence

collection (e.g., of
etc.,

works of art, of stamps,


List;

Iife

in a social group,

Community
society
J

also of stories); compilation,


(also,
e.g.,

social life;

flr*-*^

human
J*

group

of trees, of islands,
of articles in a news(el.);

J^Lil

9 \&-\

ijtima'

af-turuq

crossroads,
r

etc.); series (e.g.,

intersection, junction;
ijt.

H^-Vl

al-

paper);
bloc

battery

alliance, league,

Bociology; f-l^^l ^ sociologista

(e.g.,

of states); collective, collecti-

vistio Organization; aggregate;

complex,

^lrt-1 ijtima' %

Community, group (used


;

block

(of
|

buildings);

System; bulletin,

attributively) ; social; socialist(ic)


logical
j

socio-

periodical

*-*i)l **_j*jM (Sameiya) the


;

l^l^^l
i-tl^ *V
social

jLSJI

jljj
3JLA1

ministry
solar

System

*-pLi^

for social affairs; i-^I^Vl

personal

**j+*r

(pin'iya)

syndicate

status ;
service,

<.j

kidma )
-^^-Vl

social
iljLJl!
<1-A1

work;

i^l^-V'

*jf

mujammi' collector (lechn.)

Q storwhich

(muswh)
(hai'a)

social equality;

age battery, accumulator


4~L *j mujma' 'alaihi
is)

human
1

society

(that

-*1^-

ijtima \ya socialism

agreed upon, unanimous

137

b*
JU- ILr (hllya) circumstantial clause;
*^*j^>
*Lr~
t

*af mujtama*

pl. -dt

gatbering place,

place of assembly; meeting place, rendez-

(Sarfiya)

conditional

clause

vous; assembly, gathering, meeting; Society;

<JjU

*Lr4

(mu'tarida) parenthetical clause


(or jumal)

human

society;

Community, com-

J^l uL*- kisb al-jummal

mune,
i;S^
J

collective

use of the letters of the aiphabet ac-

= **W

look

up

alphabetically

cording to their numerical value

JL> jaml beauty

J^' 1* *Um

J>

jamala u (jaml) to suin up, summarize

(a s.th.);

jamula u

al-j.

aesthetics

(JL> jaml) to be

beautiful ; to be handsome, pretty, comely,

J_> jamll beautiful, graceful, lovely,


comely, pretty, handsome; friendly act,
favor,
service,

graceful; to be proper, suitable, appro-

good turn;

courteay
|

priate

(^
(*,

for s.o.), befit

(i_j

s.o.)

II to

make
dorn

J-i;L Jilj^l, J_i;L


s.o.,

J-W

ijA* ma'rifat al-j.

and

beautiful, beautify, embelliah, as.th.)


{

li^p ('irfn) gratitude; J-J^l jljj


al-j.

III to

be polite,

nukrn
fond

courteous, amiable
total,

to s.o.) IV to sum,
grateful; "^L^

ingratitude; J-^-J _^~U un-

Jii*- (hafiza) to

keep

s.o. s.o.

add

(* s.th.); to treat as

a whole,
in

remembrance,

remember

mention

collectively (* s.th.); to
(> s.th.}; to act well,

sum up,
o.s.

with gratitude

summarize
be nice

decently,

to

make

o.a. pretty,

adom

J>l ajmal 2 more beautiful


J_*j

VI to be courteous, be friendly to one


another
Ur; jumla
pl.

tajmil beautification, embeDish-

ment; cosmetics

J>

jumal totality, sum,

ILLt mujmala
civility,

pl. -t (act of)

courtesy;

whole; group, troop, body; crowd; wholesale; (gram.) Bentence,

amiabity; flattery;

iLljf

muj*
j

clause;

iL*;

jum-

malatan amicably, in a friendly way

latan completely, wholly,

on the whole,
j

iHjf jLj ziyrat m. courtesy

call; *e\Ji

altogether, in general, at all

30*- lj *Lr~
t

oiUUi

etiquette

jumlatan wahidatan

all

at once, at one
in

JW

ijml summation,

summing up;

swoop; oLjK]1
istence; h\j*\
"*Lt-_

*J-7

everything

ex-

summarization;Vl>l ijmlan on thewhole,


in general, generally speaking, as a general

^ jlT he was one of his


belonged to his com-

companions, he
panions; *JU
other
jl jl

principle

Jyl
...;

.ill-

VW
j

to

sum

up, I

iL*-

Jlj (jumlati)
J^Jl

among
IL^j

(would) say
as a

*JL>1

in its entirety,

things,

he

said ...;

whole; Jl>1/L and

wa-jumlatu
j-^l
in

l-qauli
...,

antia

or

^j
...,

general,

JlXlM J* in on the whole, altogether; **-j>


l-i.

short
...;

to

sum up
J*
in

JL>VI

bi-wajhi

VW
|

briefly
in

stated
iiJ^L

iiJ^l

short,
al-

JL>I ijmli comprehensive, summary,


general, over-all, total, collective

a word;

whoUy, on the whole,

jjJ

together, in general, at all;


(com.)
;

by wholeaale

Jl>l over-all report; JL>1


collective penalty;
eral

<*\ji-

(garma)

xi-JJ sr^

j.

al-ujra al-mus'

iahiqqa gross wages; ii>l j*-\2 wholesaler,

yW

jJii

(nazra) gen-

view

wholesale dealer; J;I _^aale

ai'r al-j.

wholeJ*jC

price;

i-fl

*Lt-_

(ismiya)

nominal
*Lrt

mujmil

pl.

-n wholesaler, whole-

clause;

i_l*i *Lt(fi'liya) t

verbal clause;
iLr;

sale dealer

ijjL^I (ikbriya) or <ij^declarative

(kabariya)
*Lt^

J*jt
opsis,

sentence

(or

clause);

mujmal summary, rsum, ayncompendium general concept sum,


; ;

5JLI

(inSaiya)

exclamatory sentence;

total
|

J**^ by wholesale

>
g

138

J>

Jamal

pl.
;.

Jl> jimdJ,

JW

a;m{ camel

inhabitant of paradise, deceased person,

}jri\

J>

oZ-yaAi chameleon
pl.

one of blessed memory


*lc~

Jl> jamml
l> jumn

-n camel driver
un.
3)

junaina

pl. -t,

Jb*- jan'in'

little

garden; garden
(coli.; n.

pearlB

J+* jamhara to gather,


s.o.);

JJb*- jan'ini gardener


colleot
s.o.)
{*,

B.th.,
**-

to aasemble {

II

tajamhara

jinna possession, Obsession; mania,

to gather, flock together (orowd)


*_/4>

madness, insanity
i^-

jamhara multitude, crowd, throng;

junna

pl.

junan

protection,

the great mass, the populaoe


jj^r\

shelter, shield

jumhr
crowd,

pl.

jj\+ jamhir* multigeneral


public,

b*- jann

pl. b*-l

a/nn heart, soul

tude;

throng;

public; j&l)~\ the masses, the people


iSJ.HT

b*- jannn gardener


,>;>.

7mri republican

(adj.

and

n.)

;antn

pl. L*-l

ajinna,
(in

Ji>-\

ajnun

embryo, fetus; germ


*iJj*r jwnkrlya pl. -t republio | .wdl OjJt *jj_>^:I (*ara&ya, mu/taAia)
~.

a seed,

etc.)

jX*-

junn possession, Obsession; ma-

nia,

madness, insanity, dementia; foolish,

the

United

Arab

Republio ;

*ijj^)

ness, folly ; frenzy rage, fury ; ecstasy, rap-

oll^l i-jU'^l

(tihdiya)

the Fderal

ture

ji

jjU

al-j.

junn madness has

Republio of Germany; i-kly^-UI *jj_h^;I

many
ways

varietiea, manifests itself in

many

oll^l (dimgrdjiya) the German Demooratio Republio


j4*j tajamkur gathering (of people);

dj^- junni crazy, insane, mad;


tic,

fran-

frenzied

crowd
j^f j- ;anna

mijann

pl. uljf

majnn 2

shield

u (jann, ^*- ;unn) to cover, hide,


hjt

oonceal, veil
fall,

(*, J* s.th.); to descend, be or become dark (night); pass.

majanna madness, insanity

uU- jnn jinn, demons uyjf majnn


pl. ,>iljf

junna: to be or become possessed, insane,

majnin* pos-

mad, crazy

j^:*- j*-

(junnuh) to get
frantic
II

madly
oraze,

sessed, obsessed; insane,

excited,

become

mad; madman,

to

make

maniac, lunatic; crazy, cracked; crackpot; foolish; fool

crazy, drive insane,


(

madden,

enrage, infuriate
veil, hide,

s.o.)

IT to cover,

conceal (* s.th.);

=
(

II;

to

i-.

janaba u to avert, ward off (*


II

from

s.o.

go mad, become crazy


veiled, concealed;

to be covered,
s.o.)

B.th.)

to keep away, avert, ward off


s.o. s.th.),
(*),

to regard

as

(a

from

keep

s.o. ()

out of
III to

crazy, think

( s.o.)

mad
demons
(invisible

the

way

of

spare (*
s.o.'s

s.o. s.th.)

j*- jinn (coli.) jinn,

be or walk by
alongside of
(*),

(*)

side;

to run

beings, either harmful or helpful, that


interfere

run parallel to

(*), Bkirt,

with the

lives of mortale)

flank (* s.th.); to avoid (* s.th.)

to

^~

jinni demonio; jinni,

demon

avoid

(m s.th.,

s.o.);

to keep

away

(*,

from), steer clear, get out of the

way
(*),

Lj- jinniya female demon


L*-

(*,

of)

VI and VIII
{*),

V; VIII to be at

janna
|

pl. -t,

b*- jinn garden;

the side of

run Bide by aide with


{*), skirt,

paradise

*<dl

ob*- paradise; OU-J jTL-

run alongside of

flank (* B.th.)

139

.Jj

janb

pl.

-">*- junb,

v^r' a?na&
to, near,

put

fl.th.

aside;

UU- jj

to leave s.th.
in oompariaon
re-

aide; jonAa (prep.) beeide,

next

aside,

omit

s.th.; t^JU-

at
|

^Jr

Jl Lj>-

(also yijU

L^-) aide by
(it),

with, as

oompared with, as against;


with regard to;
Jl

aide; 4-f*4-^*- ,jo

jo

(;antaA) inaide

within;
it

garding,

^j*.

jo U
a oon-

(aina janbaihi)

what

con-

their hearta;

UU-

jnib l-fam the

tains, compriaes, its aside, apart; oJi-l


4jj

Contents;

_-J-

Jp

comers of the mouth;


aiderable

oJU

olj pleurisy
janabt
it

aiderable, or certain, degree of; a con-

jonAa

pl.

area

^L*- J i

aide; region, within, inside; *'

amount

of,

a good deal
of,

of;

j* jiS <-JU- a great deal


tion of; j* j^Xt-JUf
Ji _>

a large poris

4?Lj>- ,jo

(ffcwnmoAfl)

to oomprise, hold,
*- j.

he

very

...;

oontain s.th.; jill

Ol

ai-gurfa the

jI

(>. *li* <-Jl*"

J* OK" (fcaram) to be very

whole room;
of)

ii^Jl

ol~*- jo in (the middle

the

room;

oLjLI

j-lj

crammed,

generous; S^^i j* Ji <_JU- J (aAammlya) of great importance; <_-j'U- Ji*l Je


j^LJ-'l

ohock-full, brimful, filled to overflowing

'aZd

a'zamt jm'bin

al-

or bursting
i

kufra of utmoat importance, of greatest signicance; -JL-

Jj everywhere, on

f*r janbi

lateral, aide (adj.)

all

aides; *JU-

*J

^a^- (kafatja, jnibaJi)

_-j--

jtmui in a atate of major ritual

to

show

o.b.

condeacending, affable or

impurity; not belonging to the tribe, not

gracious to s.o.; to

meet

s.o.

on

fair

a kinaman

*~dL\ jU-l the neighbor

not

terms; aJU- j-1


safe

amtna

jnibaJi
1

to be

belonging to the family


-jU^-

from

s.o.; |l^l

-JU- *j*1

(u'trAu)

janb

(title

of reapect) approz.:

I paid not the leaat attention to

bim;

Eight

Honorable;
form)

f^r

Your Honor;

*JUs.o.,

(i_*U,

<_-j>j)

J*U- (?nt&aAa) to fear


s.o.;
*_-Jli-l

you

be afraid of

ill,

milk

al-j.

(polite

crownlandfl; j^il
iiL-

^U- j.al-miri (ep.Jfiso,


jj layyin
al-j.

janba major ritual impurity

(Ial.

treasury;

*_-Jli-l

gentle;
'*

Law)
<-jL>-

docile, tractable, compliant; <-Jli-l i>J

junb
j'onfii

(=

t^-jjUi

olj) pleuriay

al-j.

gentlenesa; <-J\j}-)

*-**"->

"^
-JU-1

fl

^"?'

uj>-

aouth; L

;an&an aouth-

roomy; spaoioua, unconfined;


friendly, amiable,

jJj

ward, to the Bouth

gentle;
^-JU-.I

*_U-J

v,>j*

feared,

dreaded;
;

>jt powerful,

Oj^t janbt aouthern


South Africa
<_-jU-

L Jl V*j^*>

J>r

mighty, Btrong
-JU-.1 i^-j^

<_J U-J
aZ-j.

jp 'izzot oZ-j. power

maAift

dreaded, reapected;
all

jn*6 pl. <-J|j-

jatttSnift 1

aide; lat-

jloJi <_-J]^-

about the house,

over the

eral portion; sidepiece; flank; wing; face

house; often

vi" j

=V
(in

(geom.); part, portion, paxtial

amount;

,JU- jn*6t lateral, aide, by-

oom-

partial view, seotion ($* of a acene, pio-

pounda)
^jjj-I

ture or panorama); quantity,

amount;
a^noAi foreign, alien ; (pl.-n,
|

a certain number (^*


aJU> jj
j^-T <_JU-

of)

* few, aome

-Jl*-I

on

bis

part;

<_JL-

on the one hand


Jl

on the other
(it);

j*

ajnib*) foreigner, alien

vV'Vl

->'3l

the

foreign oountriea, the outaide world; 'j


^j[tr 'y\ firqat al-ajnib the Foreign Legion

hand; aJUat his


(its)

to bim, to his address;

aide,
(it),

next to bim

JLf
Jl

V.^

ffonn&iya

pl. -t (eg.)

curb; em-

beeide

bim

next to bim

(it);

^JU-

bankment, levee;

aide

ohannel, lateral

and -Jl^ aide by aide with; in addition


to; apart from, aside from; LjU- **^j to

(following a road or railroad traoka); by<

paaa (of a lock or aluice)

140

<_jjf

iajannvb avoidance

>*- janh inclined


r-j^r
(of an

(Jl

to s.th.)

^b^-l ijtinb avoidance


<Jj

junh inclination, leaning, bent,


(Jl to)

mujanniba

flank,

wing

army)

tendenoy

U
jL>- junbz,
athletics

jnih side, flank, wing


pl.

4^U- jniha

|>r
j

jatttni' rib; pl.

jL^

calisthenics; gymnastics;

also bosom, heart, soul

^^jt

Cr 1

m m7
Bhe

bosom, at heart; L^'j*- ^>

(Jafarat)

jjLjf junb& (^jL;) califlthenic(al), gymnastic jjL^l -^Vl gymnastic ex|

beoame happily
with joy

ezcited,

she trembled

ercises, physical exercisea

P^
-U*-

mu/anna winged

j- janaha a (r->*- ;unA) to incline, be inclined,

II to draft, conscript, enlist, recruit (


s.o.; mil,);

tend (J or

Jl to); to lean (J or Jl
(

to mobilize {* an army,

J*

to or toward) ; to

tum, go over

Jl to), join

against)

to be drafted, be conscripted,
(for military Service)
f.,

( Jl s.th.)i associate 0.8. ( Jl with) ; to Strand

be enlisted

(J* or Jf on a coast; ahip); to diverge, deviate, depart (jp frora}; to tum away
(jp from), break (jp with) II to provide
(* s.th.)

X*- jund m. and

pl.
|

^1*- jund, ibj-l

a;add soldiers; army


aZ0 Salvation

^^1

.u*-

;.

aJ-

with wings, lend wings (* to

Army
a^*- jund soldier, pri-

e.th.) Jl
i$-u*-

IV to

incline,
(

be inclinod, tend (J or
Jl to or

/und
Jjl

pl.

to) ; to lean

J or

toward) ; to tum

vate

(j-U*-

(auwoJ) private

first

(J or Jl to s.th.); to Strand (ship)


m>-

class {Ir., Syr.); o*c_. jxj. (miutajidd)

reoruit (/r., 5yr.);

jinh aide

Jh^I

tf-1

^' the Un-

known
>- junk, jinh darkness, gloom
JJJl
(;'.
|

Soldier

* j

!o -U*-

jundiya military affairs the army,


;

il-lail)

in the

dark of night, under

cover of night;
il-kar) lit.:

^^SCll

^*-

the military; military Service


Julie,

Cr

1
,

(junhay
tajnid
draft,

between the two halves of


at night

enlistment

(m.)

slumber,
asleep
5*j-.

i.e.,

when everyone's

recruitment; mobization | (jL-VI


(ijbri)

-^aK

military consoription

junha

pl.

junah misdemeanor
*iU*-,

XjC tajannud military Service XjC mujannad recruit


(jjl-U*-

(jvr., less

than a felony,

and more

than an infraction, JIJi)


gindri standard-bearer, cornet (Eg.)
pl.

t*-

janah

pl.

Wj-

ajniha, j- ajnuh
1

wing

(of a bird, of

an

airplane, of
j

a
U!

U*-

jundub
pandara
j-U*-

-obr jandib* grasshopper


to mangle (* laundry)

building, of
4>-l>. I

an army);

aide; flank

^-U*-

{eg.)

am

under bis protection;

-L-.

J* J*
press;

j*$y\

over the ether, by radio;


(;.

*-L>-

pondara mangling (of laundry);


rotary press (typ.)

ip^Jl

w-*r'a) with winged haste


(7'ur.);

^Lj- jiunA misdemeanor

sin

\$j'-u*- look
]

up

alphabetioally

4-1*

^b*.

*5/

(;u7iAa) it

won't be held won't do any

ij-^ iandarma gendarmery


uO-^r iandarmi gendarme
J*-U*- gandufii (eg.) oysters

against

him
he

if

he

...;

it

hrm

if

...

-l

ajnah* more inclined (Jl to)

141

*Jai*- jandala to

throw to the ground, bring

tf^-ijJI

(baSari) the

human

race;

1'
,

LjI

down,
Jai*pl.

feil { s.o.)

abn* jinsin our fellow tribesmen; j*


JjL*. jandiP stone;
(ep.)
iJ

jandal

pl.

~*i-) iS_r**

he

ia

Egyptian by natiopality
fair sex;

JjL*- cataract, waterfall

ouUll ^--l the


strong sex

jX\

^\ the

'JjJl-

gundl

(eg.) pl.

JoU*- pandU gondola


(j-i*- jinsi

generic; sexual; racial

Jl_r*-

jendrl, ginrl {eg.)

general (military
(j-**-V

Jd-jinsi asexual, sexless

rank)

^
s*- II to say the burial prayera, conduot the

V jinsiya pl. -t nationality, Citizen*


tajnls naturalization ;

ship
,j-jf-

funeral Service

for the deceased; Chr.)

paronoma-

IjL*- jinza, jandza pl. -St >'L*. jan'iz*

aia (rhet.)

bier; funeral procession

^Uj- jins (rhet.) assonance, pun, paroJb- junnz


pl.

>JU*- ?andntz a requiem,

nomasia
5-JLf

funeral rites, ob&equies; funeral procession

mujnasa relatedneas, kinship,


resemblanoe

affinity; similarity, likeness,

Jr>>V janzabil (= j-^J) ginger


^JUjanzara {= _^j) to be or become covered with verdigris
jlJN-- jtnar

^^-Ltf

tajannus acquisitum cf citizen-

ship, naturalization

^Ijf tajnus homogeneity, homogeneousness; Hkeness, similarity, resemblance

{=

jl^j) verdigris

VjV

;nztr

(= j^-j)

pl.j-jbf janzir 2 chain;

^Lf
,_j-iw

mujnis

similar,

like,

related;

track (of a caterpillar, of a tank, etc.);


a linear measure
also

homogeneous
mutajannis naturalized
muiajnis akin, related, of the

(=
\

5 qapaba

= 17.75 m;
j.

= 20 m

Eg.)

j >-

SjlU fra*

track

^Ui.
jLIw-.

sprocket, sprocket wheel

same kind or nature, homogeneous


(vehicle)

jj^f

mujanzar track-laying

(Lat. Oentiana) gentian (eg.)

uJj~

II

to

make

alike,

make aimar
( s.o.);

(* s.th.);

to assimilate, naturalize
classify, sort,

to class,

'.Je*-

VI to deviate (je from); to incline, be

categorize (* s.th.) III to


(*,
(

inclined (Jl or J to s.th.)


l

be akin, be related, similar

to),

be

^-*~r 'k

up alphabetically
,j^J^~
junfai?

of the same kind or nature


* as s.th.),

as s.o.,
(*,

be
s.o.,

like

s.o.

or s.th.

_r*Ui),

junf$,

sackcloth,

resemble

* s.th.)

to

have

o.a.
(<_j);

sacking
iL-

naturalized, acquire the citizenship

junk

pl. i]j^-

junk harp

to be naturalized VI to be akin, related,

of the same kind or nature, homogeneous


^jJ^- jins pl.

Jj*-

janow Genoa (seaport in


i

NW

Italy)

^L*-! ajna kind,

sort, va-

^- jan
reap {*

(jany) to pick, gather, harvest,

riety, species, class,

genus; category; sex

s.th,, also

the fruitsof one's work);

(male, female); gender (gram.); race; nation


(j-ii-l
|

to pocket, rake in, collect (* s.th.); to

.1

ism

al-j.

(gram.) generic

derive (* profit, j* from); to secure, realize {* profits,


(* evil,

noun,

colleotive

noun of nonpersonal

an advantage); to ineur

things (which form a n. un. in );

u-ii-\

hrm, punishment); to cause, pro-

; ;

142

voke, bring about (*


yd) to

s.th.);

^*(<> m

jinfa

*.

jahada a (jahd) to endeavor, strive,


labor, take pains, put o.a. out; to over-

commit a crime, an outrage { J# on)

to offend, sin (J* against); to commit, perpetrate (5jIi*-, Lii danban a crime, an
offense;

work, overtax, fatigue, ezbaust


III

s.o.)

to endeavor, strive; to fight


for s.th.);to

(J-*-*

J*,

less

frequently

Jf,

on or
J* on
to in-

*^lll

wage holy war against


give trouble

ag&int); to inflict (*
a.o.)
;

some

evil,

the infidels IV to strain, exert (* s.th.) ; to


tire,

to

hrm (J*
lay the
s.o.);

s.o.,

s.th.)

wear out, fatigue


|

( s.o.),

criminate, aecuse, charge with a crime

to)

*-* *' (nafsah) to go to

(J*

s.o.),

blame (J*

to act

blame (J* on s.o.), meanly VIII to

great lengths, go out of one's


or in s.th.);

way ( j
to,

for

j tj

A|*-l

{fikrah)

to

gather, harvest (* s.th.)

concentrate on, put one's


(fig.);

mind

apply
s.th.),

^
janan
sense,

jany harvest;
(coli.) firuits

reaping

o.s.

to VIII to put
(Isl.

o.s.

out (J for

work hard;

Law) to formulate an
on the applica-

independent judgment in a legal or theperpetration of a


ological question (based

ob*- jinya

pl. -t

crime; felony (jwr.; in the strictly legal

tion of the 4 ufl; as opposed to taqltd,


q.v.)
Xftm

more than a misdemeanor, <m^,


infraction, <Jt), capital offense
|

and an
oLlii-J

jahd

pl. Ajtf-

juhd atrain; exer-

** mahkamat al-j. criminal court


|

tion; endeavor, attempt, effort; trouble,

JL*- jin'l criminal

v^r

*^* (mak*

pains
s.th.);

on behalf or

for

the sake of
\

leama) criminal court; JLjL jyUJl criminal law, penal

voltage, tension

{el.)

X^

X^

law Lf ynajnin that which

jahada jakdah, also


(try) one's

J^*- (Jjl*-)
all

J^

to do

utmost, do (try)

in one's

Jjf
is

majnan

pl.

power,
0-4-

make every
bi'jahdin

conceivable effort;
jahldin

picked or harvested, a crop; source

x&
J^-

with great
efforts;

of profit or advantage
difficulty,

by dint of strenuous
lot of trouble
[el.)

yf

tajannin incrimination, aecuaation


s.o.);

x^-

Xv after a

*+-

(J* of

mean way

of acting, low,

Jl* {'lin) high tension


Xt*-

underhand dealings
U- janin
pl. iL*-

juhd strain, exertion; juhda (used


...
|

junk perpetrator (of

prepositionally) to the limit of


liJl

J^*-

a delict); delinquent, criminal 4_L


;

juhda $-fqa as far as possible, as


possible; ijU
x^*j.

Jjf

majniy

'ahxihi

harmed,

in-

jured aggrieved party ; victim of a crime


^Jnj
r-

much as as much
abilities;
L.

tqaiiki

as he can, to the limit of his

tj

X^*-

juhda imknihi do.


as, to the limits

(Fr. Qeneve) idnSf

Geneva
pl. -(

Xf*-

juhda
. . .

as

much

of what

^Xt*- juhdi as far as I can


-i^*-

(Engl, guinea) ginek, also gunaik


(c^.)
|

pound
tian

Bterling,

<ht pound English pound; ^j- ^^r Egyp(J-Ijwl) tfjJjf


I

x^-

jahid see

jahd

jl#*- jihd fight, battle; jihad, holy

war

pound (abbreviation

*r)

(against the infidels, as a religious duty)


^jlt*- jihdi fighting, military
1jj>\j~

JL^j-

jahbad

pl. 1*1+-

jahbida

man endowed
scholar

mujhada

fight, battle

with

critical

mind;

great

jL**-I

ijhd exertion; overexertion, over-

brigbt, brilliant, intelligent

etrain(ing)

) ;

143

^lf!*-l

ijtihd effort, exertion, endeavor,

jtf-

mijhar loud-voiced mijhar pl. j*\jL majkir* micro-

pains, trouble ; application, industry, dili-

gence;
in

(Isl.

Law) independent judgment


based

j&
soope
iSstf-

legal or theological question,

on the Interpretation and application of


the 4 u$l t as opposed to taqlid,
individual judgment
q.v.

mijhari microscopic(al)

jl^jf

mijhar

loud-voiced ;

loud-

Bpeaker
endeavor, effort,
jh\jt

Jj+ f majhd
3

pl. -t

mujhara frankness, candor

(of

exertion, pains, trouble, work;

O voltage,

one's words)
*-

tension
effort,

(el.)

4Jl^j Ji; to make every


jahaza a to finish off ( J* a wounded man),
ready, prepare {* s.th.)
deliver the ooup de grce to (J*) II to

go to gTeatest lengths

i*Lf

mujhid

pl.

-n fighter, freedom

make
(*

to arrange

fighter; warrior; sergeant (Eg. 1030)


a^jf

s.th.);

to provide, Hupply (* a.th.);


fit

mujhid Btrenuous, exacting, try-

to equip,

out, furnish, supply, proa.o.

ing, grueling;

mujhad overworked, exdiligent,

vide
finish

(v

or * s.th. or

with) IV to
deliver

hausted
J^f
(pl.

off (J* a

wounded man),

mujtahid

industrious

-n) mujtahid, a legist formulating

the coup de grce to (J*); to finish, ruin (J* s.o.) V to be equipped, furnished,
supplied,

independent decieions in legal or theological

provided

to

equip

o.a.

to

matters, based on the Interpre-

prepare

o.a.,

get ready; to be ready, be

tation and application of the four uph


as opposed to muqaUid, q.v.

prepared
jlf- jahz (also
t,

pronounced

jihz) pl.

J4*-I

ajhiza equipment, appliances,

,*-

jahara a (jhr, jL+- jihr) to be brought

tolight, comeout, show, appear;


clare publicly,

todes.th.)
;
;

outfit, gear, rig; trousseau; contrivance,

gadget

implement, appliance, Utensil


apparatus
|

announce

(a or

i_

to

Installation,

(teehn.);
Jl**-

System,
(l-ailln)

avow in public, proclaim (i_ a.th.) k the voice) jahura u Sj Wr


(
;

to raise

apparatus (anat.)

jX-V

jahra

to be loud, be
III to declare or

clearly

audible (voice)

wireless set, radio; ji^j jL^- radio (re-

ceiving set);

say openiy, voice, utter,


(cj s.th.)

express frankly
_^4*-

O Jr*1 JUr (mustoqb), O JUe^Vl jl+r, O Jrlidyl jl^- receiver, O


(Jt-jVl

receiving set (radio); *j.L jl^- (mudV),

jhr

and

jl^*- jihr publicness,


1_^*-

PubIjl^*-

jLp-

j.

al-irsl

transmitter

licity,

notoriety;

jahran and

(radio); (jjjiJj JL^*- television set; jl^*jjU-I j.al-hafr drillingrig;

jihran publicly, in public


_^4*-

oderrick;

jl^*-

jahratan openJy, overtly, frankly,

publicly
<SjVr
j'aAri

^jjj (dauri) circulatory System i^jVI oljl>VI JL^ or

(anat.);

J^
T (

^U Jl^sound

<~*j^\ ol^Jl (hazzt,ardiya) Seismograph;


notorioua, well-known, public
,jj^ JL^*- (sirri) seoret Organization, Under-

_r-p- jahir
#>-l

loud (voice, shout)


2

ground Organization; H^-*lM


locator;
iS
~ajiI\

jL^*-

jL^i-l

apabi) the nervous

_r

ajhar

day-blind

System;
ajhar 2 (elative) louder,

-*ill

JL^-

/.

al-hadm digestive

_^4*-l

more au-

apparatus
y+4tajhiz

dible

equipment, furnishment;
j\y+- equipment, gear

<jjji- jahwari loud (voice)

preparation;

pl.

jV
iSs+f- tajhizi preparatory ; (of

144

& Bohool)

J*LJI4-

preparing for College

jhil pl. iLp- jahala, J^*- jzthhal, juhhl, "^*- juhala' 2 not knowing

jaU-

jahiz

ready,
|

prepared;

readyor)
5

(<_j

s.th.,

how

to do s.th.); ignorant, un-

made; equipped
(albisa)

SJaL-

(oLji.

Jl

educated, literate; foolish; fool

ready-made clothes

JaL-

j'AtZi

pagan, of or pertaining to

j+jt

mujahhaz equipped, provided, fur(t-

pre-Islamic times

nished, supplied

with);
etc.)

armed (^ with

LUU-

jhiliya state of ignorance; pre-

guns; of a ship, tank,


4-

Islamic paganism, pre-Islamio timea


ljtj ^r^r^
iSjtf-

IT to sob, break into sobe


to

majhl

unknown;
things

(buka)

be

on the verge of tears,

(also ~-V! jhil 2

J>ff m.

al-ism); pl.
|

anonymous J;*^ wa*


jJi<ja(

struggle with teara; to break into tears


<4*-

unknown

J^^l ii^

aj-m. passive (jrom.)

jahia (n. vic.)

pl. -dt

sob; out-

burst of tears
^1^>-I ijhi outburst of teara
-4#-

<J_^f majhliya being unknown, un-

known nature
jahuma u
to
(l*-

jahma, 0^4*- juAma)

i^*-

IV to hear youog ones,


miscarriage

litter;
J

to have

frown,

glower

to

frown,

scowl,
(a,

(woman)

I4iJ C-J^-I

glower; to regard with displeasure

(nafsah) ehe induced an abortion


(j-ivr jihd

or J s.o. or s.th.), frown (a or J on); to

miscarried fetus
miscarried fetus

eye gloomily, coolly, grimly


s.o., s.th.)
;

(a,

or J
(face)

to

become

sullen,

gloomy

u*-v?
^l^-l

jahitf

^4*-

jahm

sullen,

glum, morose, gloomy

ijhd miscarriage, abortion; in-

(face)

duced abortion
l*lt-

jahm clouds

J4-

jahila

(jahl, Jl*- jahla)

to be Igno-

0L4*-

jahma and

<*_}+>

juhma grim

rant; not to

know

(<->

or *

s.th.,

how to

look, sullen expression ; gloominoss ; brood-

do

s.th.);

to be irrational, foolish; to

ing silence

behave foolishly ( J* toward) VI to ignore


{* B.th.)
;

to refuse to

have anything to do
to),

L^~ jahannam 2

(f.)

hell hellish, infernal

{> with), shut one's

eyes (a

disregard

jahannami
y- jaunv
pl.
'_>*1

(* a fact); to affect ignorance,

pretend to
ajto',
l_>*-

know nothing X
stupid
J^(* s.o.)

to consider ignorant or

jiw* (pl. fre-

quently with Singular meaning) air; at-

mosphere (alsofig.);sky; weather;sphere,


jahl

and

4JI4-

jcila
|

ignorance;
J**-

milieu, environment;

\j-

jaunvan by
|

air;

folly, foolishnees, stupidity

j* out

by telegraph, telegraphically
air mail;

ji-\ Jjj

of ignorance

^loU-i

tabaqt al-j. airlayers;

<-Wr fahl ignorant;


J^jt

foolish, stupid

JkU j>tfj*.

(muTnfir) in rainy

weather
(in
;

majhal

pl. J*Ij

majhil 2
territory
|

unJ*Ljf

jawwi

air, aerial, aero-

Com-

known region, unexplored Lj_^I unknown Africa

pounds); airy, atmospheric(al)


(used
attributively),
{fagt)

weather
j

meteorologic(al)

^jji-l JoJLJI

atmospheric pressure;

J^

tajhll stultification
<lj>r

Olli

(tabaqt) air layers;

^j*-

J^l*-!

J*L* tajhul ignoring, disregard(ing)

(ustl) air fleet; o^.

SjU

air raid; ol_>DI

; ;

145

vyr
to reaound, reverberate, re-eoho; to res-

Sj^I (qwt)

air foroe; *j>LI -'^ll aviaj_j*-

tion; *jj*- b_ (mind*) airport;

jL#_>I

onate (J or
with

Jl

to

s.th.),

meteorological observationa ;
jar) meteorite
l^>-

^_*-

(ha*

(phya.) ;

be in reaonance
istajwaba
(* s.o.);

<_^*u*'l

to

interrogate, examine, question

to

(ecUoq.)
it,

jaww (pronounoed gtoa

hear

the defendant or witness); to


( s.o.;

interpellate in Eg.) in

in parliament) touring,

within; inaide
<-j^>-

<j'jr jawuwnt, jfuunwni inner, inaide,


interior

javb

traversing,

ex-

ploration (of foreign oountriea) ; piercing,

penetration
4J\j~

gvwfa

(eg.)

guava
pl. -t

(fruit);

guava Bhrub

*iyr j^vba

pl

-#

Vjr

juwab opening,

Jlj*. (eg.)

guwl

sack

gap; hole, pit


<_j1j*-

jawb

-pl.

<j_jt' ajtoiba

answer, re-

Jlj-

(It.

guanti; eg.) gloves

ply;
(eg.
;

ootave

(to

a given tone; mus.);


pl. -t)
j.

*ujj*- (Ft. jupe) skirt

pronounced gawb
|

letter,

message
(.-jj*-)

^^Jjt

<_j'j*-

aS-Sarf

main

^L(*

jba

(javb) to travel,

wander

clause (concluaion) of a conditional sentenoe, apodoBis


j'jr
tively)

(*

through), traverse, roam, tour, exe.th.,


e.g.,

plore

foreign landa); to

pierce, penetrate (* s.th.),


(*); to III

cut through

jawbi anawering (used attribu-

wander, cruise (* about a place)


(

respond
(* Jl

s.o., Je s.th.), reply, Je to s.th.); to comply with), accede (* to) IV to answer ( or


(

to answer to

vVr jawwb traverser (of foreign oountriea), traveler,

s.o.,

explorer

<jU-I ijba answer(ing), reply(ing), re-

s.o.,

j* or
(

Je a question), reply,
s.o.,

aponse, reapondence; compliance;

fulfill

respond

or Jl to

J* to

s.th.);

to

ment, granting (of a request); accession;


consent, assent
|

comply
(a to);

(*

with a requeat), accede, defer


( s.o.),

&i

<jU-1

ijbatan U-

to hear

accede to the reto


fulfill,

falabikztm in compliance with your re-

quest or wiahee of
(*

(*);

grant

quest; in answer to your request


<->j\4

a wiah); to consent, asaent, agree


to oonour (Jl in)
|

(Jl to);

*it
a.o.'s

Jl

uUI

tajumb agreement, oonformiby;

(falabihi)

to comply with

requeet

harmony
il>l istijba

from) ; to ring out (voices)


aUy)
corresponding,

VI to reply to one another; to echo (*, v to be (mutu;

hearing, anawering (of a

prayer); granting, fulnllment (of a request); resonanoe, oonaonance (phys.)


\

harmonize; to be

favorable, propitious (** to s.o.; Situation)

J
in

<jIj*-1

istijbatan

li

in compliance with,

VII to soatter, break up, paaa over (clouda)


to be dispelled, disappear, vanish (worries); to

answer

to, in deference
pl. -t

to
interrogation,
Inter-

lylj^LJ istijwb
questioning;

fade (darknesB)

X ^U^u-I to hear,
(*

hearing;

interview;

answer
to

(*

a prayer), grant

a requesb);
(J), ac-

pellation (in parliament)

comply with the request of

cede or defer to the wiahee of (J); to


react (J to); to respond (J to,
listen,

lyjlwL* mutajwib harmonious


(

with),

_-c^r_*

muetajib hearing,
reverberant,

anawering,
reso-

pay attention
J to
s.o.

(<J

to),
(<->

ahow
J

interest

granting ;

resonant,

(J in); to

meet, answer

s.o.

with),
s.th.)

nating; responsive, susceptible, impresaible

reply

(<->

with or by doing

oyr
Oj- (Engl.)
jt jute

146

*yr fd openhandedness,

liberality,

(rjr) rW* /**


destroy,

w An&

generosity

* annihilate,
jy--

min; to flood, inundate (* the Und) VIII do.; to carry away, sweep away (* s.o., * B.th.; storm); to put down,
subdue, quell
4-U-l

javd heavy rains


'.u-

iL- see linder

(* B.th., o.g.,

a not)

*>* jda goodness, excellence


J^r jayyid
faultless;
pl.

ijha deBtruction, annihilation;

jU- jiySd good,

perfect,
firstlo>-

crop damage; crop failure, bad harvest

outstanding,

ezcellent,

rate;

good (as an examination grade) ;


(jiddan) very

^U*-l ijtiyh destmotion, annihilation;


Bubdual, suppression

jayyidan well, excellently; thoroughly


j

la-

0->-

good

(also

as

an

f Uastroua

j'ih

orushing, devaatating; dis-

examination grade)
jj*-l

ajwad1 better
jawd
pl. j|_>*-I

i*L- j'iha

pl. ^I_j-

jaw'Vf calamity,
i\jj~

disaster, ruin; epidemio; crop

damage

ajwd, jjL-1 aj&*

tnd2

bjU-l ajtmd*, jj. jd

openhanded,

r>*- jvJf pl. rl>f' ajtok broadcloth


(i>*-)

liberal,
pl.

generous,

magnanimous; jawd

jU-

jiyd, jU-I ajyd, .jL-l ajwtd*


|

jU- jda

u {*j*r

jvda) to be or become

good, become better, improve;


to grant generously
(i_*

race horse, racer; charger

jI^h-IM j/i

(jd)

noble

man
aoeordance with estab-

s.th.),

be so gen-

erouB

to

do

e.th.

<lj

with verbal

Jj^f tajwid art of reciting the Koran-

noun); to be
s.th., (lj

liberal,

openhanded (^ with

Koran reading
nation)

(in

J* toward s.o.), bestow liberally s.th., J* upon s.o.), grant, give lav-

lished rules of pronunciation

and

Into-

(^ of s.th., J* to s.o.), shower J* s.o. with); to donate (4* a sum of money, etc.) aii aU- to Bacrifice o.s.;
ishly
(<-
j

-L

mujid adept,

efficient,

proficient

j\ijr jaudr see jIjjL- (alphabetically)

to give

up the ghoBt; ^-L


tears

L-*

coU-

fa*.

Gj*0

jl*- jra

nAu &-d-dam*)
eyes;
it
#1,
II

welled from his


rain)

from); to

u (jaur) to deviate, atray (j^. commit an outrage (J* on),


persecute,

OjU- (heavens granted


s.th.);

bear

down (J# upon), wrong,

rained II to do well {*

to

make
{*

better,
s.th.);

improve,
to recite
well,
(*

better,

ameliorate
cf.

oppress, tyrannize (J* s.o.); to oncroach, make inroads (J* on another's territory)
III

(the

Koran;

>u>f)

to be the neighbor of
();

s.o.

(),

live

IV to do
master

do excellently

(* s.th.); to

next door to

to be adjacent, be next

s.th.),

be skilled, proficient
(* at),

{* to s.th.), adjoin {* s.th.); to be in the

(* in), be (*

an ezpert

be conversant

jmmediate vicinity of
(,

(,

*),

be close to

with an art or

field

of knowledge); to

*};

to

border (* on) IV to grant


(

accomplish or say good, ezcellent things;


to achieve ezcellent results; to be ezcellent, outstanding, diatinguish o.s. (e.g.,

asylum or a aanetuary
protect
(

to

s.o.)
(

to

,> from), take under one's wing; to stand by


s.o.,

s.o.)
{),

b.o.

as a poet)

ii)

aL-l (lugatan) to
r

master a

aid

s.o.)

VI to be neighbors; to be

language; jJUJl J* >Jl jU-I ( azfa) to play the piano well X to think {* s.th.) good
or ezcellent, approve of (*); to consider
(*a.th.) suitable for or appropriate to{J)

adjacent ;

to

ha ve

common

border
(*->

to seek protection, seek refuge

with
(

s.o.,
s.o.,

j- from

s.th.),

appeal for aid

to

against B.th.)

jyr
jj*-

jaur

in justice j

oppression,

tyr-

(a s.th.);

to approve (* of), sanation,


s.th.) 111

anny; outrage
jU- jr
pl.

Warrant, authorize (*
s.th.
(*);

to pass (*
s.th.

ljw- jlrn neighbor; refu-

or

by

s.th.),

go or walk past
(*),

gee; protege", oharge

to go beyond s.th.

overstep,
also, e.g.,
is

cross, leave

behind

(* s.th.),

jU-

jra pl. -i neighboress

j**S\

j*

j-u^Aill

JjU- fumr) he

past

jw- jira neighborhood


j_yr jra pl. jj- fuwar pit, hole
if

thirty; to ezceed, surpass (* s.th.); to

pass over s.th. (ja), disregard (jp

s.th.),

pay no attention (ja

to); to let (jp s.th.)


re-

jjr

see alphabetically

go unpunished; to give up, forgo,

linquish (ja s.th.) IT to traverse, cross

Jj*- jiwr neighborhood, prozimity; j\yc in the neighborhood of, in the vicinity of, near, oloae to

(a s.th., Jl

on the way
s.o.

to); to permit,

allow (* J to
(a
(a (a

s.th.);

to authorize
);

s.o.

to do

s.th., also

to lioense

jjlf mujtoara neighborhood, proximity


_/Uj'ir
pl. j_>-

s.th.);

to approve, oonfirm, endorse

a decision, a judgment); to approve

jawara, IjU- jra

(a of s.th.), sanotion (a B.th.)

to toler-

unjuat, unfair; tyrannioal, despotia; tyrant, oppressor, deapot

ate,

suffer,
s.th.),

bear VI to pass (a s.th. or


s.th.
(*); to

by

go or walk past

go beyond

s.th. (*), overstep, cross,

leave

jjU mujwir
near, close by;

neighboring, adjacent;
(pl.

behind
s.th.,
all

(a s.th.); to exoeed, surpass (*

-n) Student (esp. of

also

J*); to go too far, overstep

AI Aznar Univeraity; living in the vicinity

bounds, encroach, make inroads; to


s.th.),

of the Mosque)
mujir proteotor
mutajwir having a

pass over s.th. (ja), disregard (ja

jdt.

pay no attention (ja

to); to give up,

jjUi*

common

forgo, relinquish (* s.th.); to refrain (ja

border; adjoining, adjacent, contiguous


-jjj-

from) VIII to pass, run, go (* through),


cut aoross
(*);

to cross (a a border, a

jawab

pl. -olj'r jotorib 1

stocking;

street,
(a a

a mountain rnge); to traverse


dis-

sock

country or sea); to oover (* a

tance); to pass {* through the mind;

WrJ^r

orJ*y

Georgia

(republic

of the

said of ideas, thoughts)

to go (a through to surmount, to

U.S.S.R.)
x

hard times or a

crisis);

x$jjr jri damask rose (Rosa damascena,


bot.);

overcome

(a

crisis)

deem

per-

crimson

miasible (a s.th.); to ask permission

jj*- jauz pl. jlj-l ajwz heart, center


"if Jj*r

(Engl.) jri jury

(of a desert, of a large area, etc.)


jatot,

jl^-l
j\ji~\

(Jjr) JW-

za u

!>r

jL* majz) to

amid, in the middle


(fa4a) in spaoe

of, in;

Lull

j j

pass, come, travel (* through); to pass


(*

an examination, a

test); to

be allowed,

jij- jatoz permissibility, admissibility

permitted, permiasible ; to be possible,


conceivable; to work, succeed (<S* with
s.o.;

lawfulness, legality; permission, (official)

permit, Ucense, authorization;


ity, conoeivability
;

possibil-

deceit,

artifice)

<LJ-I

<\*

OjU-

passing (of an examj.

(AUa)
feil

the trick worked with him, he


II

ination)
|

jiJ\

jl_^-

as-aafar

(pl. -dt)

for the trick

to perznit, allow

(traveling) passport

->*
jlf majz croasing; passage; corridor
(pol.-geogr.);

148

^-U* (Aiu) coconut;

_*i)l

j^*-

;'.

0/40

metaphor, figurative expres-

cocoon, ehrysalis of the ailkworm


Ij^jr- jjteo (eg.)

sion

(rhei.)

IjU maj&zan, jUI J-y J

narghile

figuratively, metaphorically
tSjj*r iavxi
tfjljf

nut (used attributively and

majzl figurative, metaphorical


6

in

Compounds); nut-brown, hazel

jU-l ijza pl. -t permission, authori-

zation; approval; license;

= Fr.
1

jU- look up alphabetically


;'aai pl.

Ucenct

as an academio degree; permit; vacation, leave (of absenoe)


|

Jj>r
(^^-)

Jjljr jawdtiP young pigeon

_^J-

SjU-l

i.

cd-

^U-

jsa

u to peer around, pry


(J"iU.

hafr grant of patent,

isaue

of letters

around, look around

killa

in);

patent; patent; <-L*j SjU-l (guniuZiya)

to search, investigate, explore (* s.th.) VIII to search, investigate, explore (*

ezequatux of a consul

(dipl.)\

-v*

*jl*-'

(maro^tya) siok leave;

v*--*-*'

oljL-Vl

(madrasiya) sohool vacation;

jL-'i/lj

Jli

s.th.)

on

leave, on vacation
jjljf

J-_>*-

jausaq

pl.

jJ^r jawavf

palace;

man-

mujwaza and

Jjljf

tajwuz

or, villa

crossing; ezceeding; overdraft, overdraw-

U*j_>*-

gawtfa

pl. Julj*- pauxJ'tf

(ejj.)

dowel,

ing (of an account) ; disregard

(je-

for)

relinquihment (j* of

s.th.)
(*>_j-)

s-L- ;*a

u to be hungry;
( s.o.)

to starve

j>-i i;Vtydz traversing, orossing; passage; transit; oovering (of

II to

cause
(
?*'

to starre, starve out,

distance);

famish
fj*r

s.o.)

IV do.
|

passing (of an examination)


(of diffioulties)
j-*U-

surmounting
hunger, starvation

Uy-

oU
-er-

to starve to death

jaiz permitted, lawful, legal; con-

ceivable, thinkable
7''ta V^'J^yr jautfiz* prize, re*j {dirya) ward, premium V*'--* -/**?
|

jUjjiyfl"

/au'tJn*,

f.

^jr

0U ''>

P*- f

hungry, starved, famished


pl. -t

U majS'a
JU-

famine
;y*.

stipend, scholarship
Jljf

jV

pl. _L-

jr juww-'

mujz licensed;
title,

licentiate (as

an
jlif

hungry, starved,

famished

academio
j-^LJ!

Fr. Ikencii; e.g.,

i^f tojufT starving out


.U-l ja'a starving

licencii As aetences)

out

jj*.

-yj

II to give in

marriage

tj^r- II to

make

hollow, hollow out (* B.th.>

O Jj*r
j^jrt

iavz pl*

j\yr

7*wSi5

= rJ J couple

(yr.;

pronounced maiwez,

<

*jj*r 7 avf pl* *J'j*r' 7 **/ ity; depression; interior, inside, center,

a u

hollow, cav-

-jj- muzwaj) wind instrument with a

heart; belly,
Jj-

abdomen; north

(magr.)

double pipe, correaponding to the Egyptian

inside, in the interior of, in the


J-Ui

zummra)
(astron.)

middle of ;

jr J
inner,

(/

*Wo) or

JiJl (jaufa) in

the middle of the night


interior,

Mjji.1 al-jauz* Gemini


*J**-

J_>**"

Z*4/*

inside;

;auz

(coli.;
j.

n. un.

pl. -t)
>JJl

walnut
j_y?
j.

subterranean,
|

Underground,

subsurface
\

_^LJI

jj*-

af-fib

nutmeg;
-lAI J_>*-

cd-

(of geological strata); northern (magr.)


*Jj~- L

qa%

nux vomica;

j. aZ-Atntf, j_>-

ground water

oyr
(Jij-1

ajwaj 2 ,

f.

\iy- jauf**, pl. jr


futile,

~*^j*r

j&wwla one given to roaming

;u/ hollow;

empty; vain,

inane,

or traveling; wanderer, wayfarer;


torcycle; cruiser

Om

<>~

pointless, senseless

<Jajj tajwif

pl.

Ju jLf tajwif* hollow,

Jl^
ing,

tajwl migration, wandering, rov-

cavity
iji^f

traveling;

nomadic

life,

nomadism

mujawwaf hollowed
pl. jl_^-l

out, hollow

V>-

jawaln migration, wandering,


life,

3j*r

jauq

ajwq and

_j-

;auga

roving, traveling; nomadic


ull

nomadism)

pl. -i

troop,

group; theatrical troupe,

oVj*-

j.

al-yad embezzlement, defal-

operatic

Company ; choir {mus.) ; orchestra,


]

cation

band
dir

(also '-lJu^ja **yr)

Jj^-.l

j^*

mu"
choir

jLf majl
s.th.); field,

pl. -t

room, Space (J for

al-j.

conductor,
j.

bandleader,

domain, ephere; scope, ez-

leader; J>^ll\ j*-

aS-Saraf Legion of

tent ; reach; rnge; elbowroom, free scope;


play, clearance; field (magn.)
tiJLiJI
f

Honor
'(Jj*-)
twiJ,

VLf i\J

L.

(Sakk) to

admit of no doubt; V
fa'n)
(it is)

JU- jla u

(jaul, _j- jaula,

Jj_^

toj*

dJ

^*UJ jLf

(majla,
Jljtl

in-

Vj- jawaln) to roam, rove, wander

contestable;

ti*

in

this

con-

about; to

move

freely,

be at

home (j

in

nection; L~J
to give
b.o.

field of learning),

occupy

o.e.

(j with);

oUI JljM fj (ammah) a free hand, wide scope of


r

to be circulated, go the rounds; to pasa


(j,
<-

action; is^*- J^f (hayawx) lebensraum;


J**Jl

through the mind)


s.o.,

<-l_r

JL-

jLf m.

al-

amal

field

of activity;
field;

to preoccupy
(*_^ljc)

engross

s.o.'s

attention;
is

^.tk'J;,*

s_^,U

J^
what

jLf (magnafisi) magnetic


field intensity

U what he
is

pre-

JLjM tJj-Siddatal-m.
Jjjf

(mogn.)

occupied with,
*JL

on

his

mind;
his

ujJI

JL-

(dam',

'ainaihi)

tajawvml roaming, roving, wanmigration ;


going
out,

eyes

swam

in tears;

>b

cJU- (yaduh)

dering,

moving
ourfew

he laid his hands on, he committed defalcations

about; patrol, round; (round)


traveling
j

trip, tour;
at-t.

of IV to
s.th.)
|

circulate,

pasa a(ra'ya)

Jj*dl

V-*
pl.

man"
j^UL-

round

(*

j ^J\

JL-I

JJU- jL b'i'j'il

peddler,

to weigh e.th. thoroughly, ponder s.th.


kJI JU-I (nazara) to let one's eyes _/

hawker
J>*i* mutajawwil wandering, migrant,

wander
roaming,
patrol,

about; to look around V to roam, rove,

wander about, move around; to


go the rounds; to from place to place, travel about
3J_j-

roving,

itinerant;
|

ambulant;

cruise; to tour, travel

traveling; traveler

J>i* J-5j traveling


(6ai/y')
(?*****)

salesman;

J>*i*

pb
u-*-*

peddler,
itinerant

hawker ;
jaula
pl. -t circuit,

Jj

round; patrol;
(round)
trip
a

preacher
JJ_>-

excursion,

outing ;

tour ;

voyage, run {of a steamer); (round-trip)


flight (of

look up alphabetically
poj/ golf (ep.)

an airplane)

round

(in sports)

JJpJj_>*-

jawwl wandering, migrant,

itiner-

ant, roving; cruising; traveling;


lant;
traveler,
|

ambupl.

I*U-

look up alphabetically

tourist;

see also alpha^ifr

betically
~*^j*r

Jl_j- *lj

rmin jawwl

fn P* ^Ivr' <7n
*Ljjt
(It.

gulfi ialet,

bay
pl. -(

*Lj
;

Tumh

jawwla

rieman

(mit.

Ujj*-, *^j*-,

gonnea) gonea

Syr.)

(woman's) skirt

(eg.)

*yr
U- look

up

alphabetically

V=f

jaib

pl.

vj^r juyb

breaat,

bosom,

j*j*r II tajauhara to

become subatance

heart; Bine (matA..); hole, hollow, cavity,

excavation; pocket; purse


(fc*?)

,j*ll t_-J-l
}

j*\yr jawhir* intrinsic, essential natura, essence; content, Bubpl.

j*yr jauhar
(as

the privy purse; u-J-J


*_--*-

*lc*

tamm

ai-j., *|^ll

cosine (math.); ,_M

uU

atance matter,
pl.

opposed

to

form; philos,);

pocket watch;
V**"^' V_fc4-'
(arnoi.);

~>~i-)

>j_-^ pocket money;

subatance;
|

atom; jewel, gern;

{anflya) the nasal sinusea

jewelry

^>A-lj i-juj\ (zoi/) the spuri-

i.jLl

vj^r ? al-invq wama pook-

ous and the genuine


j*y? /ottAara jewel, gern
ij*j*r

ets of resistance (mtl.)

^jintrinsio,

jatW pocket
i

(adj.)
^_-j-

jauhari

substantial;

'y-- jlp,
j.

r^r

jib

and

JjL- myyrat

essential,

inhereut; fundamental, main,

jeep
(ir.) <?t(

chief, principal; material; jeweler

-*
jrjtsr jauharji jeweler
1

colorful ootton fabric, ohintz

^->Lr*>?

mugauhart

(eg.)

jewelry, trin-

-L- j'id pl. jL*-I

ajyd,
ij.

^*- juyd neck

kets; jewela,
l

gems
(jatvan) to

"4^-

jayyid see

iSj*r joiufiya

be paasionately

jL*-, jL*-I see il_^-

jawd

stirred
iSj*r
2
iSj\*r

by love or

grief
1 <j

jw-n ardent love, pasaion

J r

jairi surely, truly, verily

look

up

alphabetically
-

jWjt j'^jW

1^ U P alphabetically

ii>*-

ir* calcareous,

lime (adj.)

jL*- jayyT unslaked lime


(\yr) *^r ?*' J*, y**?'*' (*j? maji) to come (, * to); to get (* to), reach (* a place);

jLr jayyra limekiln

to arrive; to bring
a.th.); to

(<^>

s.th.;

<_>

to b.o.

bring forth, produce


(*_>

V*-

II to

endorse {^n.)
(It. giro)

(v

s.th.);

to set forth

a.th.); to

do, perform;

j>*-

endorsement

{fin.)

to commit, perpetrate (* s.th.); to occur,

be mentioned, be said (j in an

**j*-, o\jvr see


jj- ffiax

jy-

article,

document

or book);

(with

foll.

imperf.)
|

Giza (city in NEgypt); abrand of

to be about or set out to do s.th.


jl fljVl Jj^*-

L.

Egyptian cotton
(^ji**-)
tjil*-

thenewspaper "AlAhram"

reporta that

...; o\ ,^-jjIj

^ U
...;

a report

j3A

(^^-^ir

joyain) to be ei-

from Paria
with

says that

4fli3

C^U

cited,
boil,

be agitated; to rage, storm; to


II to

J jlk> (mufbiqatan)
...

simmer

levy troops, mobilize

ita results

coincided

an army
jl'a,

to raise, mobilize (* an army,

also, e.g., IjLaJl

an^ran followers) juyS army, troops,


^/a*-

iL*-

jai'a

Coming, arrival

iL*^^Ju*-

V^*ij (dakb) coming and going, <_~S lUjj iL*- to pace the floor, walk up and

jaiS pl. (jJj-*-

armed
^i)j

forces

J-ib^VI
,_**-

occupation
^ji**-

down

forces; J^L^-I

army

reserve;

(murbif)

territorial

army;

maji' coming, arrival, advent

,JjL

iliVl j.al-inq$ Salvation

Army;

^-

oLJljLi al-j'iyt the things to

come

Lil al-masa dusk, evening twilight

,jiL-

jayyS agitated, impassioned; ex-

<J"^r

(It. gelati)

jelti ice

cream
r-

cited, boiling

up; ebullient; pleasurably

excited, happily stimulated


Ujj-

** jlm name of the


,>-

letter

jayaan excitement, agitation;

(Fr. jatne)

corselet,

sheath corset
|

(e^.)

raging
(Ja--)

^j*j?r
i,

jiyogrfiy

geography

\J\

Ji.J Jr

jU jfa
jlja

II

and V

to be putrid, stink
Ij

<j-iJl

(baSariya) anthropogeography

(decaying cadaver)
ii-*pl.

jv*>--

jiyojlziy geophysics
|

jiyaj,

JL*-!

ajyf

ijL^j^-- jiyofiziyai geophysical

LJI

corpse, cadaver

JLj/j^J-l (ana) the geophysical year

JL- *H Czech
?'/

jis*js*- jiyofiziqt geophysical

J-*-

pl. JL-I

ajyl people, nation, tribe;

Ljt-jIj^ jiyoljiy geology

generation; Century; epoch, era

^yrJjir

jiyolji geologic(al)

*U

h* nanie of the letter

>

uhibbu an

should like to
s.o.

.;
<l

J
I

,_-*-!

j-UU foSm rabbi


rabbi
JjJ*- see Jj*t/L*-

to like about
j

that he

jf*i\ -U-U-l the chief

j<

l^

V
to

(kaira) he doesn't

want him to be haphim everythig V


one'a
o.s.

py,

he grudges
love,

show
to

reveal

affections
(

(Jl

hmx Hamitic
j>*pl. t_J[j- auxSntfi 2

s.o.);
o.s.

to

endear

Jl

to

s.o.),
(Jl

make
with

populr,
to court,

ingratiate

o.s.

U- and llU- see

s.o.);

woo

(Jl a

woman)

VI to love one another


JU- (pronounced 7wma)
to

to like (* s.th.);

deem

(* s.th.) desirable,

recommend-

(formerly 2Vn.) hamba, palace gendarme


of the
OjJL*- see
*._--

Bey
j^~
i

of Tunis

able; to prefer (J* * s.th. to s.th. eise)


._--

hubb love; affection, attachment

olJJl ._--&. a<f-rf/seIf-love,amour-propre;

habba

(hubb) to love, like II to evoke

^^Uai-Vl
jjLf^II

._--

curiosity,

inquisitiveness;

(Jl in s.o.)

love or a liking
(

(<.,

m for s.th. or
like

._--

h. al-waian

patriotism; J L.
for,

or
(,

s.o.),

make

Jl

s.o.

love

(hubban) out of love or affection of friendship for ;


<j-

out
. .

* s.th. or s.o.); to endear (Jl * s.th.


s.o.),

L*- in the desire to

to

make
(Jl

(*

s.th.)

dear, lovable,

hubbi friendly, amicable, loving;


in
fair

attractive

for h.o.),

make

(*

s.th.)

Lj- hubbiyan amicably; by


._--

an amicable manner,

palatable, acceptable (Jl to s.o.); to urge


(Jl *

means

(jur.)

s.th.

on
(._--

s.o.),

suggest

(Jl *

s.th.

to

s.o.)

IV

hubb,

La mahabba)
to
(jl)
wish,
|

to love,

Hibb pl,

u->L*-l

ahbb darling, dear,

like

(*,
like,

s.o.,

s.th.);
s.th.

want,
,_--l

dearest (one)

or

to

do

i!

V^*- habb aim,

goal,

end

152

,_^
lover;

habib

pl.

U-i

ahibb'*,

l^\
dear

*>

II to

produce seed, go to seed (plant) to


;

ahilba, v^*"' ahbb beloved, sweetheart,


darling;

bear seed (grain); to granulate, become


granulated; to granulate (*
s.th.)

dear one,

friend;

IV to

(Jl to s.o.);

populr; <_j^*"^' the beloved

produoe seed
i_^>

onea, the dear ones


ijij*-

habb

{coli.; n.

un.

grains; seed;
cereals, oorn;

habiba

pl.

sweet^j^t*" tob'ib*

pl.

<--L^*~

hubb grain,

heart, darling, beloved

woman
more
desirable,

seed(s); grains, kerneis; granules; pellets;


puls,

pastles;

berries;
._--

acne, pustules,

,_^l

ahabb 2

dearer,
s.o.)

pimples

>jJI
|

chufa (Cyperus es-ll

preferable (Jl to
li*-

culentus L.;

bot.);

,_->

h. al-faqad

habbad (with folL nominative)

chaste tree (Vitex agnus castus L.; bot.);


i}j\l\

how
nice

nice,

how

lovely
is
,

i
.

.!

how
Ix*-

good,

,_->-

croton seeds (seeds of Croton


JL4JI
-

excellent, perfect
it

.!
|

how
l-lj*-

tiglium; bot.); (magr.) ehernes;


h.

^-

would be

if

.;

J*i_^ JW-'

al-hl

and (jl*^)

lJl

^*- h al-hn

h. l-hlu lau fa'ala it

would be
it;

nice, or
Ij

he would do

well, if

he did

JU-1 li-

cardamom (Amomum cardamomum L.; bot.); ^LjJI ._->- h. al-gamm hail, hailstones

{hlu) that's just wonderfnl!


1^*.

mahabba love;
|

affection,

attach-

i--

habba

(n. un.; see

also >_^- habb)


pill,

ment

JL>J\

i-rf-

m. al-wafan patriotism

pl. -t grain,

granule; seed; kernel;

pastille; berry; puBtule,

pimple;

trivial-

i_^ tahdbbub courtship, wooing

ity,

trifle;

a square measure {Eg.;


pl.

=
|

^U;
harmony

tahbub

mutual

love, concord,

58.345 m) ;
_^*i <*- h.

oUi-*-

beads

(of the rosary)


;

Salr a linear measure {Eg.


*>1#-

V^t* mahbb beloved; dear; lovable,


desirable; populr; favorite; beloved one,

0.205 cm);
1*^-

(AwJuw) aniseed; l+-

(^aud* 3 ) black

caraway (Nigella

lover;

(pl.

<-*ul

mahaW) 1 gold
)

piece,

aativaL. ;&<>(.); JU^I >U- grains ofsand;


Juli 5-*- A. al-'ain eyeball; pupil (of the

sequin (in Ottoman times;


*ijT*-

eg.)

eye);

*_-Jl

L#-

h. al-qalb

dearest

one,

mahbba

Bweetheart,

darling,

beloved, darling
L[

beloved
i_
/!;

woman
,,r Aa&aft blister

muhabbab

agreeable,

pleaaant,

desirable, lovable, dear (Jl to s.o.); nice, likable


,_-*

i^
lSr^-

Au&zta

pl. -* little grain,

small

kernel; small pimple or pustule

mvhibb

pl.

-n

hubaibi

granulr,

granulated

loving;
|

lover;

fancier,

amateur, fan; friend

^U
U^

<_^

^J.1

x,J\

{ramad) traohoma {med.)


(ooll.)

philanthropic(al), affable; JrjJl

oar

^
II

habhab
^_--L-

watermelon
firefly,

(hij.)

dear friend; jtf^i j>4- friends of archeology;


*j"iJJ

hubOhib

glowworm
s.th.),

^J-

(li-dtihi) egoiflt

uUa. mutahdbb
conoordant
u_.r,-:

loving one another,

to approve, think well (* of


(* s.th.); to

oommend
oheer

applaud, acelaim,

(. s.o.,

* s.th.)

M ' mustahabb (re)com mendable, do-

sirable (said of acta

whose negleot

is

not

punished by God, but whose performanoo


is

JL*

tahbty approval; aoclamation, ao-

rewarded ; Id. Law) ;

well-liked,

populr

elaim, applause, chearing

153

p-

habara u (habr) to gladden,


delight
{ s.o.);

make happy,
(jj-*-

habira a

catch
;

his

breath

take

s.o.'s

breath

hvbr)

away Jll

j*.

A6wa nu'a S-Sugl he


under hard
inaiienably (* funds,

to be glad,

happy
in

II to embellish, refine,

was committed to prison


Iabor II to tie

make workmanlike
{

(s.th.); to

compose
write,

up

s.th.

elegant

style ;

to

J*

for, esp. for

a pious purpose), make


(*, for

compose

(* s.th.)

a religious bequest
*\

the benent of

j- hibr ink
cuttlefish; 3jj

jX\

umm

al-h. squid,

J*)

TU

to be held back, be held up,

on paper, of no
a treaty)

J s*- (waraq) mere ink effeot (e.g., an agreement,

stop, be interrupted, intermit ; to restrain


o.s.,

hold back Till to block, obstruct,


s.o.,

bar, confine (*,

s.th.); to detain,

hold in custody
j- habr, hibr
pl. jL*-!

(*, * s.o., s.tb.); (*, * s.o.,

to hold
s.th.);

ahbr a non-

back, retain, suppress

Muslim
jL-Vl

religious authority, learned


{

man,

to be detained, held up; to be impeded,

scribe ; bishop ; rabbi


rf

Ji* V jJI

the Pope

held back; to falter, break,


stop (breath)

fail (voice),

-i- t/r al-a.

Leviticus (Old Test.)


,jj-*~

jj* habn
Sjjj.

pontifical

^l-tf

u-y- habs
back,
blocking
off,

(act of) holding or keeping

(qudds) pontifical moss (Chr.)

obstruction,

check,

repreasion

habnya

office

or dignity of

barring, confinement;
off;

dam-

bishop, bishoprio, pontificate


j- habara, hibara pl. -8t silken

ming up, staving


Bhawl

safekeeping, ousto-

dy, retention; imprisonment, arrest, detention, jailing; (pl.


jail
|

^j^- hubs)
(ihtiyfi)

prison,

or

wrap (worn

in publie
pl.

by
-dt

lodies)

JU-l

is-t*-

detention
l

jL

hab&r, hibr

mark, trace

(pending investigation) ; ^pl^Ul


firdi)

r^-

(in-

(esp. of blows), weit,

wale

solitary

confinement;

-b-li

u~u-

penal servitude
jjt*-

hvbr joy

u-jj- hibs
tfjL*-

pl. ifl?-!

ahbs dam, weir,

hubr
(zool.)

pl.

CjLjLp- hvbrayt

barrage
.j-jj-

bustard
jj~'j*

hubs, hubus

pl. ijJ-*-!

ahba (Tun.,
property

yahbr bustard chick


mihbara,

{zool.)

Alg. t Mor.

toaqf) inalienable
is

mahbara

pl.

yL* ma

the yield of which purposes,


religious
|

devoted to pious
{Fr.
jur.)

hbir* inkwell
jj-

bequest,

"habous"
habaaa
i

j-U

r*- ('mm)

publio habouB,
L-**-

(habs) to obstruct, shut off,

,_^L-

j^*- (k$s) private habous;


Liij

OK*

confine

(*,

s.o., s.th.),

block, bar, hold

back, check (* s.th. j* from; also tears,


laughter, etc.); to withhold (* j* from
b.o.
(

J* (= J* ent on
. .

S*) to be entirely depend-

i_i*-

hvbsa speech defect, impediment

s.th.);
s.o.
) ;

to hold in custody, detain to

of speech
ij-t*-

apprehend,

arrest,

jail,

imprison

s.o.);

to keep, keep back,


s.th. for);

habis blocked-off, shut-off, barred,

put aside, put away (J* *


tie

to
|

confined,

locked-up

secluded ;

bated

up, invest inaiienably (* capital)


*_jI)
(J-jj.
. .

(breath); choking (voice); (pl. L-**baa**) hermit


jj-*.*

hw
ma

J*

(nafsah) to
;

devote

o.s.

entirely to

j*

Oj

,_,-**-

(yatZaA) to
s.o.'s

mahbas,

mahbia

pl.
is

^L*

take

(s.th.)

out from under

power;
s.o.

hbis* place where s.th.

confined or

4-Ll cLs

u-jj- (anfsah) to make

locked up;

jail,

prison; (prison) cell

<jr~T

154

ri*

mihbaa device

for shutting off or

twist, twine, ttghten


(* s.th.);

(* s.th.);

to knit

blocking off

to devise, contrive (* a p]an,

<_a

mo.hha.aa.

hermitage

a plot)

II

to twist, twine, tighten {*

s.th.)

to fasten (* s.th.)

^L^l

inhiba seclusion, confinement;

etoppage > interruption; cessation

<_>

habka

fabric,

tissue;

texture,

structure

^L^-l
bition,

ihtibs retention.restraint; Inhi-

impediment,
JjJI
(

obstruction,

stop-

page

_r'-r>

-'

ihtibs al-baul sup-

tiL*- hubuk: dL*- h. an-nujm fj>^\ the orbits of the celestial bodies

pression of urine, ischuria


ifjT*-

<5~Lj-

hibka weaver's trade, weaving

mahbs

shut-off (from the out-

Jj^

mahbk

tightly

wo ven

tight,

side world), isolated, secluded, confined,

taut; sturdy, strong, robuBt, husky


tlLzt muhtabik interwoven, intersecting
1

locked'Up; imprisoned, captive; tied-up


(funds);
(pl.

u-^\*^

Tnahbis 2 ) prisoner,

prison inmate, oonvict

VIII to ensnare, catch in a snare J*s.o., s.th.)

{*,

rj^ muhabbia donor of a habous (see -a*- hbe) )J


(

J-*-

hbl

pl.

JL*-

hibl, J--l

ahbul,
cable,

*_L cro^l al-muhabbaa 'alaihi beneficiary of a habous (see -a*- hubs) )J


,j-j^* munhabia secluded, shut-off
^^lii-l

J^>-

hubl,

JL-1

ahbl

rope,
(pl.

hawser; cord, string, thread;


hibl)

JL*-

beam, ray

(e.g.,

of the

sun, of

Light) jet (e.g.,

of water); vein; sinew,


jugular vein; jy-Jl

al-habai

Abyssinia,

Ethiopia;

(pl.

tendon

JjjJI

J?*-

J^l

^Lj-VI al-ahb) the Abyssinians, Ethiopia ns


LiU-l al-habasa (and
sinia,
JLjJ-l

(aurri) umbilical cord; j^iJl J-J-l

(SauH)

spine; i^-* JL*-

(sautiya) vocal cords;


,111

j^j) Abys-

jSLA\
water;

J^

ivy {bot);

JL^

jets of
J|

Ethiopia
kaba&i pl. ^iL-' ahbi Abyssin-

VJ Wi

>

Jr 1

<i*W)

J
let

a h*
things

(aflaqa) l-habla 'al l-grib


,^1**-

to

go, slacken the reins, give a free hand,

ian,

Ethiopian
hiibt)
fail,

impose no restraint; JJ-I

li^jl

slackening

V*. habata i (i^*come to nothing,

and habipi a to

miscarry, go wrong;

of the reins, yielding; relenting; Vj^-*' *L- idtaraba habluh to get into a state of disorder, of disOrganization, of disintegration, get out of control;
(la'iba, hablain)

to be futile, be of no avail, be loat IV to


frustrate, thwart,
foil,

defeat

(> s.th.,
efforts,

,>0 J*
I

<_-j

J* * in s.th. s.o.; negotiations, an attempt, etc.)

to play a double game,

work both
iJ**-l

sidea of the etreet


pl. J;jl-1

V*. habat scar of a wound,


S*^-

wale, weit

uhbla

ahdbil 2 snare,

hubt

futility, failure

net; rope with a noose; pl.


wiles,
artificea,

Jj^
(in

tricks,

stratagems

Order to

JL*-t t'Aif frustration,

thwarting,

foil-

get s.th.)

ing

^
iL-

UL*- hibla

pl.

2 J!t*- hab'il snare, net

habaq

basil

(bot.);

(egr.)

variety

of J,,U hbil:

speedwell (Veronica anagallis aquatica L.)

JjUL

JjU-i

+\

(iktalafa)

everything became

confused,

got into

habaka

u {habk) to weave well and tight


to
braid, plait
{*
s.th.);

a state of utter confusion; p+LLij *ijUall

{*

s.th.);

to

together,

all

in a

modley

165

'J^- habila a (habal) to be or become pregnant, conceive and IV to make preg-

.Jo- hatf

pl.

J*>=*-

hutf death

j* *wj
il)

<J\L> 4-o- (Jl ,^-j)

yabhatu r an (yas'

n&nt (U a woman)

hat/ihi bi-zfihi

he brings about his

own

J^

Aa&aJ conception; pregnancy

destruction, digs his


<ij\

own

grave; <Jt>-

mala

J^- AuA&J pl. JL*. habkt and ^Ljhablna pregnant


,>*-

hatfa anfihl he died a natural

death
-U-

Aa&an dropsy
Aa&6 aJ-Mn)

hatama
sary,

{hatm)

to decree,

make
for

necess.o.),

prescribe
(* s.th.) a

(J*

>

s.th.

Lf^- (l^JI ^_-*-

cardamom

(Arno-

make
s.o.); s.o.);

mum cardamomum
(j-*-) L*-

L.; bot.)

duty, a necessity (J* for to impose, enjoin (J* * s.th. upon


to
decide,

AaM

determine

definitely

(Aa6u>) to crawl, crep; to


{i_j

present (*
(*
*

b.o.

with

B.th.) II to
(

decree,
s.th.

s.th.), give,

award

make
for

necessary,
),

to

b.o. s.th.)

III to

be obliging

( to
s.o.),

prescribe
(* s.th.) a

J* *

s.o.
(

make

s.o.),

show one's good


(

will

(toward s.o.);
(

duty, a necessity
necessary;
to

J*

for s.o.)

to favor

to

be

s.o.);

to side

be

s.o.'s
s.o.)

with

(J)

bepartial (tos.o.);to show respect, deference


(

duty, be incumbent (J* upon


^*-

to

s.o.)

VIII to

sit

with one's legs

hatm

pl.

*js-

hutm imposition,

drawn up and wrapped


~*y*-

in one's

garment
present

injunction; final decision, resolution, de-

hibwa, hubwa, habwa

gifb,

termination; - hatman decidedly, definitely, necessarily, inevitably

L*- hib' gift, present

LL
sance,

muhbh
courtesy;

(_j*^*-

hatmi

decided,

definite,

final,

obligingness,
favor(ing),

complai-

conclusive, definitive, unalterable, irrevocable, inevitable

favoritism,

partiality
L*iC-*- hatta

hatmtya

decidedness,

definite

u {hau) to rub

off,

scrape

off,

scratcb

neas, definitiveness, determinateneas, un-

off (* s.th.)

alterableness

necessity

omorsel

hitta pl. c^*- hitat (eg.) piece, bit,

i-*i*-V l-hatmlya
lo*.)

indeterminism (phi-

J- hatt (prep.) until, tili, up to, as far as; (conj.; with perf.) until, so that; (with
subj.) until, that, so tbat, in order that
(particle)
;

*y-

mahtm imposed,
determined,

enjoined, obdeter-

ligatory;

definitive,

minate, unalterable, inevitable; destined,


predestined, ordained (fate)

even,
J-

eventually
if;

even;

and

even; ji

even

(with preceding
it

negation) not even, and be

only

lA muhattam imposed, enjoined,


atory;

oblig-

determined,
unalterable,

oli*- hutdt scraps; morseis, crumbs nate,

definitive,

determidestined,

inevitable;

l*: tahtt corrosion


-U*-

predestined, ordained (fate)


I*i.

hatida a (hatad) to be of pure origin m- mahtid descent, origin, lineage

mutahattim absolutely necessary;

imperative (duty)

j^- hutra small piece, bit, trifle

j>- hitr

pl. j%*~

hutur border, edge,

U- hatta

(hatt) to urge, incite,

prompt,

fringe, surroundings, vicinity

goad, spur on, egg on, prod, provoke,

156

impel

( s.o.,

J* to do

s.th.)

*U^

*i-*-

'***

mahajja pl.

A* mahjj

destination

(JptiOhu)

to quicken one's pace, hurry


place);

of a pilgrimage, object of pilgrimage,


Bhrine; destination (of a journey); goal;

(Jl to

Si^
ii-*-

<^~

itoniqq) to

hurry, hasten;

<u..tf

(gwiamotAi) to

road;

quicken one's pace, break into a run

*** way; procedure, method ^I^JI m. a^-^awOb the Right Way, the
|

VHI and X
d>-

Str&ight Fath;

Jj-J-I

*j* railroad

hatit fast, rapid, quick

r\? htf&j argument, dispute, debate


>+
tahajjuj

O
'JJli-

*JU- ht&a

hormone

argumentation,

plead-

ing, offering of
Ai/i Hittite (n.

a pretezt, pretenae, ex-

and
lees,

adj.)

cuse

Autfia

dregs,

Sediment;
./.jJ-l
|

scum
Li*.

~l*=-l

ihtijj pl. -i

argumentation;

(flg.); offal,

discard, scrapa

pretezt, excuse, plea, pretenae; proteat,

ak eombings
(ji.)
li*.

remonstrance
(Aafw) to strew, scatter,

Ao3

(J* exception (J* to)

against),

objection,

spread, diaperse (* a.th.)


**- hajja

^u.
defeat

htijj

pl.

^ijp

hujjaj,

gje hajij

pilgrim; hadji,

Mecca

pilgrim, honorific
pil-

to

overcome,

s.o.,

title

of one

who

has performed the

with argumenta, with evidence), confute


( s.o.);

to convince

{ s.o.);

grimage to Mecca
je

(hajj) to

make

the pilgrimage (to Mecca), perform

hajaba

t*

(hajb) to veil, cover, screen,

the hadj

to dispute, debate, argue,


s.o.)

shelter, aeclude (J*a.th. from); to hide,

reason

with

YI to argue against

obscure (j* * a.th. from s.th.

elae, e.g.,

eaoh other, carry on a dispute, to debate;


to take counsel

from sight); to

eclipee, outshine, over-

Vm to advance
Bupport
or

(<->

s.th.)

shadow
s.th.

( s.o.);

to

make make

impercepttble,

as-an argument, plea, excuae, or pretezt;

invisible (j* * a.th. to); to conceal (j* *

to

allege

in

vindication,

from

s.o.);

to

or form a Sepa-

plead
a.th.)
;

(w

s.th.); to vindioate, juatify (J

ration

(,>jj
veil,

mask

,>>

between

and)

to protest, remonstrate ( J* against),

to

hide, conceal; to hide


in aeclusion
(_>

from

object, raise objectionB (J* to)

aight,

koep

(U a vornan);

to disguiae,

* s.th. with)
flee

to

hajj

and

'de

hijja

pl.

-4t,

mT

conceal
Bight,

o.s.,

hide (j* from),


VII to veil

from

hijaj pilgrimage; hadj, the officio!

Muslim

veil o.a.

o.b.,

conceal

pilgrimage to Mecca
Zu'lhijjah, the last

i*i-l jj {Zu l-hijja

o.a.; to

be oovered up, become hidden,

month

of the Ialamio

be obsoured
invisible,

Y1H to

vanish,

become

calendar

disappear from eight; to veil


o.a.,

de hujja

pl.

Aujo;

argument;

o.b.,

conceal

hide; to

become hidden,

pretenae, pretezt, plea; proof, evidence;

document, writ, deed, reoord; authoritative souroe, competent authority


ul
|

be conoealed (j* from); to withdraw; to elude perception; to cease orinterrupt


publioation (newspaper, periodical)
<_jp hajb seclusion ; Bcreening off;

***

under the pretenae that


.

on the

keep-

plea

. . ,

on the pretext of

. .

ing away, keeping off


<~>ljp

r-Lp hajj pl. ~de\ ahijja circumorbital

hijb

pl.

^Jt hujvb,

*J?\ ah'

ring (anat.)
p-

jiba cover, wrap, drape; curtain;


(of

wom-

mdhajj destination

a jonrney)

an's

veil ;

screen ,

partition ,

folding

157

screen;

barrier,

bar;

diaphragm

(also

j+-

mahjir, mihjar, mahjar

pl.

j~\-

j-U-l L-UJ-i; anat.);


<>\je

amulet

mahjtr*

,>JI j*4-

m.

al-'ain)

eye

hijba office of gatekeeper


ihtijb

socket; see also below

ju*^
(_jU^j-I

tahjir interdiotion,

prohibition,

conoealment, hidden-

ban; see also below


jj*>^-'

ness,

seclusion; veiledness, veiling, pur-

dah
^

mahjr

pl.

j**-l*

mahjlr* (and

4-U jjj*) one placed

under guardian-

r*-U-

hjib

concealing,

Screening,

protecting;

(pl. <~>\>**-fyujjb,

Im- ha jaba)
*JE
2
)

ship; minor; ward, oharge

doorman, gatekeeper; chamberlain; orderly (Syr., m.); (pl. -*-]>*- hawjib

n
to

to petrify, turn into stone (* s.th.);

eye-

make hard

as stone (* s.th.)

V to turn
jLf

brow

*\ji\

<-*-U- h,

al-hawd' airtight,

to stone, petrify, become petrified

hermetio

je hajar
mahjb
concealed,

pl. j\jc\ ahjr, j\je hijra,

Vj**
veiled
X

hidden,

hijr stone ; weight (placed as

an equipoise
^L-^/l
_/J-l

on the scale of a balance)


|

(aasi)

the foundation stone, cornerBtone,


*J>j {wa$') laying

JE

hajara

(hajr, hijr, hujr,

\je hijrn,
s.o.); b.o.);

^UVI_^J-I

of the cor-

hujr&n) to deny access (J* to stop, detain, hinder (J* or


forbid, interdict
{

to
to

nerstone; ^^Jl

JE

h. al-ball flagstone,

paring stone;

J*

* s.th. to s.o.), pros.th. {*); to

^-

Je

h.

jahannam lunar

hibit

(J*

s.o.)

from doing
incompetent

caustic, eilver nitrate ; j*jU JE h. al-jir lime-

place

(J*

s.o.)

under guardianship, declare

stone; JlfJI

j*l-\

or JlfJI

JE (summqi) JE hemastum-

porphyry; j^-VI >^J-i {aswad) the Black


Stone (of the Kaaba);
tite
-slilt

J* (

s.o.) legally

JE hajr restriction, curb(ing), check(ing),


obatruction,
tailing

(min.);
block;

^wJl

je

h.

al-'atra

impeding, limitation, cur-

bling

<i-->UJI

JE

philosopher's
eelenite;

(J* of s.th.); barring, ciosing, de barmen t, preclusion; detention; blocking, confinement, Containment, suppres-

stone;

j*5JI

f.^J* and
jJ-\

,>j

J? JE

h. al-qamar

preciouB stone, gern

J*

J* (tob'}

thograph;_^J-i **U

sion (as a protective measure); interdiction,


pixihibition,

lithography
tjJE
hajarl
^a*J!

ban ; revocation, or
competence
|

Btony

Btone

adj .

limitation, of s.o.'s J*) legal (

<Sj*+i-\
^i-j.U-1

('(ty)

the Stone Age;

j-*JI
_

if* j?

($*#**)

quarantine
j^^J-1 the Neolithio period;

r*Jl

JE
jjjt

hijr

forbidden,
(pl.

interdicted,

pro-

/.Uli tj^nJ-l

the Paleolithic period

hibited; lap;

jLtl ahjr,

jJe

hnjr,

_^t hajir stony, petrified


jljt

hujra) mare
pl.

JE hujra
cell;

hujart,

je

hajjr stone mason, stone cutter


ma/ijir pl. _^-l* mahjir* (stone)

hujar room;
_^*tf.
|

(railroad)

aompartment; Chamber
*_yi\

jlkVl J? waiting room;

Ije h.

quarry

an-navm bedroom;
hiya)
>nl*.

*--^UJl

/^i-l (fall*

jj*
rying
^rf.

tahjir

petrification; stone

quar

Chamber of agriculture
mahjar
pl. j~-\-

mahjir* military

tahajjur petrification

hospital, infirmary; prison, jail,

dungeon

y"*
(

j*+-

(fihhi)

quarantine,

quaran-

jp**m mutahajjir petrified

tine Station

jy*^

mtutahjir petrified

158

'j: hajaza

(hajz) to
(

hold back, restrain,


s.th.

Jjt hajl, hijl pl.


jl anklet

i}j?

hujl,

Jlfl ah*

hinder,

prevent

jp *
s.th.

from); to

keep away (je


(off), close,

from); to block

J*
hijln,

hajal

(coli.;

n.

un.

I)

pl.

^f

bar; to isolate, insulate, conto

fine,

seclude;

make
to
*

inaccessible;

to

partridge; Jj hijl partridge, mountain quail

mountain

set apart; to separate

(jo two things);


iLt
hajala
pl.

to

arrest,

detain;
or

seize, s.th.,

Sequester,
e.g.,

Jl*

hijl

curtained
|

impound (J*
property,

canopy, or alcove, for the bride


b.o.'s

obj

salary);

to

confiscate,

safe-

JUi-l ra^bt al-h. the ladies

guard (* s.th.); to reserve (*

s.th.); to

IUJ-1 i-J labat al-hajla hopscotch

make a
retain
ist

reservation (* for a theater aeat,


ticket, etc.) VIII to
o.s. {*

a steamer cabin, a
for
o.s.,

J* white-footed
radiant;

mw/wj;a/wearinganklets(woman);
(horse);

bright,

brilliant, in

reserve to

s.th.) re-

unique,

singular,

esp.

the

hajz
;

curbing,

prevention,

phraae

J^y-'
recoil,

(agarr 2 )

straint

seclusion,
isolation,

confinement,

Con-

Jt hajama
IV to
to

u (hajm) to

cup

s.o.;

med.)

tainment,

insulation, Separa-

shrink, flinch
,

(je
(

from);

tion; arrest, detention, seizure, confiscation, Sequestration

desist,

abstain
;

refrain

j* from )

(Je of s.th.); reserhji-\

vation (of seats)

forbear (je s.th.)

to withdraw, retreat

h.

t-hurriya

deprivation of liberty, unlawful detention,


duress (jur.); Je ^^J-l
cate a.th.
Jil

**
**A-I

Jiajm pl. (*^t hujm,

A^\ ahjam
|

{alq) to confis-

bulk, size, volume; caliber (of a cannon)

jS

bulky, sizable,

massive

jUJ-l

al-hijz

Hejaz,

region
coast

in

a\JP
<*\je

hajjm cupper
hijma cupping,
scarification, art

Arabia, on the

Red Sea

jjljp hijzi of or pertaining to Hejaz.;


(pl.

of cupping

-an) an inhabitant of Hejaz


pl.

-j^ mihjam,

1***^-

mihjama

pl.

*r^-

j*-U hjiz and j^-U


jiz
2

obstacle,

hindrance,

jr]y~ haw* impediment,


dividing

mahjim 2 cupping
(1^1

glass
re-

ihjm desistance, abstention;

obstruction;

partition,

screen,

straint, aloofness, reserve

wall; block, blockade, gate,


railing,

road block; fence,


;

jz hajana

(hajn)

to bend, curve, crook

balustrade
|

hurdle

bar,
(*s.th.) VIII to snatch up, grab (*s.th.),

barrier;

barricade
(anat.);

phragm

^V >rU1

^r^'

v^' ^~
break
(qumruqiya,

take hold

of a.th.)

wate.r; (-f^J-l)

ii^ jr^

j*l ahjan 2 curved, crooked, bent

gumrukiya) customs barriers;


JaJj-JI lightning rod

J^-^*-

j^ mihjan

pl.

2 Jr ^ mahjin
1

staff or

stick with a crooked end, crosier;

hook

O
1

approx.: sr^~ <^o* muwazzaf hjiz

(j)

\jj-

-o

baUiff
*-l*

well of s.o.,
III to

lf haj hihi kairan to think have a good opinion of s.o.


(

muhjafa singlestick fencing

propose a riddle
riddles,

to

s.o.);

to

speak in
1

be enigmatic
pl.

JUtl ihjf
hajala

= l*
u
i

\je,

je

hijan

1*1

ahj*

intellect,

Jf

{hajl,

0"** hajaln) to hop,

brains, understanding, discernment, acu-

leap; to skip,

gambol

men, sagacity,

wit, intelligence

; ;

159

J~ hajiy appropriate, suitable, proper

(v

for
J~\

aaperated (J* with); to be agitated, be upset, be in a atate of commotion


A>-

ahj

more

appropriate,

more
correct,

hadd

pl.

ijA- hudd (cutting) edge


;

suitable,

more

proper;

more

(of a knife, of a sword)

edge, border,

better
Jtl
ithjiya
pl.
,j*-l*-i

brink, brira, verge; border (of a country),


ahjiy,
^l*-l

boundary,
utmost,
terminal

borderline;

limit

(flg.),

the
end,

ahjin riddle, puzzle, enigma


l^

extremity,
point,

termination,
;

terminua
or
(of

(certain)

hakm
cally)

U-U-

(look

up

alphabeti-

measure, extent,
(math.)

degree

(attained)

member

an equation), term

J*.

Jiadda

u (hadd) to sharpen, hone

(*

(of a fraction, of a proportion); divine

knife); to delimit, dclineate, demarcate,

ordinance, divine atatute; legal punish-

mark
set

off,

stake off
(*

(* land,

j* from); to
restrict,

ment
until,
jS'I

(Isl.
tili,

Law) up

Ai-

li-haddi or a>- Jl
of,

to, to

the extent

A-

Jl

bounda
{*

to s.th.), to

limit,

ai,

jS'I li-h.l-na

up to now, sofar;

confine

a.th.);

irapede,
a.th.);

hinder,
L.
t

eurb, check (j* or a

A*-

Jl

(haddin) to a certain degree,


_-_5

(lx>-

hidda) to becorae furioua, angry (J* at): t u {s\>- hidd) to wear mourning,

to a certain extent; to

A>-

Jl,

-L*j A>~

Jl

considerable

extent
;

or

degree,
^1

mourn
hone
to
aet

considerably,

extensively

A-

Jl

deceased) (J* the

II

to sharpen,

{ayyi haddin)
(*
a.th.);

how

far, to

what degree or
infinite,

(* a knife); to forge (* a.th.; syr.);

delimit,

demarcate
(* to
s.th.),

to

extent;

*J

x>-

V (JwtWa)boundlo33,
A*-

unbounded, unlimited; bounda


off,

"^ bi-l haddin,

circumscribe,
A>- j-i-

mark

delincate

aharply

Ji il gairi

haddin boundlesa, unA>-

to

liinit,

reatrict, confine (j- or * s.th.); to dcter-

limited, without limita; 1^

mine, appoint, aasign, achedule, lay down,


set
e.g.,
fl^^aj

haddin snw'in,
in the

^f

A*-

J*

'al h.

J* 'al siwan

aame manner; equally,

likewiae;

down, establiah
pricea);

(* s.th.);

to

fix
|

(*

to define

(*

s.th.)

jJ*-

(baqarah)

to dart aharp

glances;

A- J* (haddi) according to, commensurate with; 4jI i -i*- j fi haddi dtihi and .oli a
in
itaelf,

to acrutinize (j s.th.), look sharply (j at


s.th.)
III

aa auch; J*Vi

Al~\

{a'l),

aL\
Ai-\

to

oppose
(

^jVI
(*,
*

{aq-?)

the

raaximum; ja^l

s.o.,

a.th.),

{adn) the
act

contrary

to

a.o.,

to

s.th.

),

contravene, counteract, violate (*

limit;
s.th.)
ijA*-

minimum; <jf- A>- ('umri) age {jA*- ji du haddain two-edged;


ijA*ita

IV to harpen, make sharp


Jl

(* s.th.)

(hu/ldi) within, within the frameof;

^kJI atare

Ar-\

(nazar)
;

to

look
(

sharply
to

work
to

^^jI

iJL

(aq$ huddihi)

at,

at

j-oi

A-

basarah )
acrutinize

attain

higheat

degree;

il

.jj-U-

the bounds or restrictions tbat

God has

dart
s.th.),

aharp
look

glances;

to

(j
i

sharply

(j

at

man's freedom of action

a.th.);

a*-\

j^i

^ [bagarihi)

to glance sharply;

to
be

Ix*-

hidda sharpness, keenneas; pitch

put on garmenta of mourning V to be delimited, be delineated, be bounded, be


circumacribed;
to

(of

a tone); djatinctivcnesa, raarkedness

vehemence, violcnce, impetuoaity; fury,


rage,

be

dctermincd,

wrath,

ire,

anger;

excitability,

eatablishcd, be aet

down, be scheduled,
defined,

irascibility,
lAf-

passionateness

be

fixed ;

to

be

be

definable
to

VIII to be or
infuriated,

become angry;
furioua

become
be exsAr-

hida aee a>-j

be

(J*

at),

hadad forbidden

160

s\a*jloJ-l

hidd (act of) mourning { J* over)

delimited,
definitive
|

determinate,
J*il iji

fixed,

definite,
T

uji taui al-A. garmenteof mourning;


mourning
Atu&l'tf1

m. al-ma na unwi.

i-^Jl jIju- A. al-balf court


ijO-

ambiguous

j^iJl

jj^

a^-^famdn

Aodid

iron;

pl.

OjIju-

of limited Uability; (*JjLA\)


{Urica) limited

UjlA T^i

iron parts (of a structure) ; forgings, hard-

Company, oorporation

ware, ironware
iron, iron ore;

* U-

-b-i*-

crude iron, pig


-4^*-

jo muhaddad sharpened, aharp ; determined, fixed, appointed, deatined (J


strictly delimited, clearly defined
for);

Pj^*
JjA*-

(mut&wi")

wrought iron; Jap


_^ii\

(fa) unprooessed

iron, pig iron; .uJ-l _^J aAr aZ-A., ij.u-

is*
caat
iron;
OjOJ-1

muhtadd angry,

furious, exaaper-

SL-

eikkat
i_j_p>

al-fr.

railroad; ajL -b.u-u-u-

ated
<-./*

see

hadid
Ij*-\

pl.

aI.w Aidrf, l.wl ahid*

iljj-

ATa,

pl.

I.U.

Afa', l.u- Aidd*, jT-u-

da1 *,

ahidda

sharp

(knife,

eye,

hid'n kite
I.U-

(zool.)

tongue,
a*- I

etc.).

keen (mind)
aharper,

Aada'a

pl. l-u- Aidd*

double-bladed

dfyadd 1

keener

more

axe
<_*u-

vehement, more violent


Aodta a (Aadai) to be oonvex, domeOjO-

hadida

pl. o^to*.

had&id* pieoe of

shaped, cambered, bent outward; to be

iron;

object

or

tool

made

of iron
1

hunchbacked; to be
(J*-

nice, kind, friendly

ijj-l iJj.u- A. al-hart plowshare; ij Ji(ep.)

J*

or
i_j

to

s.o.),

be solicitous
or
o>

(J*
for

in financiai straita, pinohed for

money
*-

or

about

b.o.),

care (J*

j-b-U(riifcifea)

Aadidi iron (adj.)

*j-Aj>w

s.o.),

railroad

make

take care (J* or oonvex, emboaa,

of

b.o.) II

to

camber, vault,

JOjOJ-I

al-hudaida Hodeida (seaport in

curve, crook,
~Oj-*"-'

bend

(* B.th.)

V and

XII

Yemen)
jl.u-

ihdaudaba to be crooked, vaulted,

oambered, embossed, convex

haddd ironsmith, blacksmith


_>.u-

hadab affection, fondneaa, love;


Bolicitude,

ol-u- Atdia amithcraft, artofsmithing

kindlineas;

care;

(pl.

l^Iju-

0j4^ tahdld
tation ;

pl. -0J

Umitation, delimi-

hidb,

t^lov-l
|

ahdb)

elevation

of the

delineation,

demarcation

re-

ground
V-l*-j

ojj~<j <-*u- JS"j> (wa-^aubin) or

striction, curb,

oonfinement ; determina-

tion, fixation,

appointment; definition

Vj- J^ * fr m aU sidea, fxom all directiona, from everywhere; vj** J^* J

-udl
*-*.}

J* and -b.udl a^j J* (wa?'A Btrictly speaking to be exact


. .

V^j everywhere, in every quarter,


idea
<_*u-

on

all

. ,

jU- Addd sharp (also,

flg.,

of a glance),

hadib curved, cambered, vaulted,

keen (mind); high-pitched (tone); vehement,


acute
fiery,

convex; hunchbacked; kindly, friendly


ij.u-

impetuous;
^Ijli
|

fierce;

vivid;

hadaba hunchback, hump; camber,

(illness)

jU- h.

al-mizj,

vaulting, curvature

UJI iU-

A.

a$-fa&*

hot-blooded,
;

hot*j jij

headed, hot-tempered, irascible


<zdiya) acute angle; jU-1
jjj*

jU-

v a^l
Aw

oAdab 9

f.L-u- hadba' 1 ,

c^

aubacute

hunchbacked, humped;

pl-v^
(elative)

kindlier, friandlier

moArfd bounded, bordered (^


circumscribed,
confined;
limited

by);

i^o^

muAoAiai embossed; cambered,

(=

small, e.g., number, knowledge, etc.);

oonvex

161

Jj-U-

hadafa u

(*j-U-

hudt) to happen, occur,

j-JI u-j-U- h. aa-sinn

young;

-i^Jl li-j-U- h.

take place, come to pass;


(<}l.u.

haduta

al-'ahd of recent date, recent, new, young;


i_j

hadta) to be new, recent; to be


II

o^JI

j-u-,

l-j

A+e j.u-

(A.

'aAitn)

young

to

teil,

relate, report (* to s.o.,

having adopted or acquired


ly;

(s.th.) recent(s.th.),

u
4_Lj

or i s.th., j,
(

talk

to

b.o.,

^ about); to speak, ^ or j about, of


)
|

not long accus tomed to


(s.th.),

inex-

perienced at
e.g.,

new

at (s.th.), newly,

*jj*.

haddatah galbuk and cJa*nafsuh


feeling
l

jVjJI; J^JI j4- (hi-l-wilda)


r-lj^JL Xfi\
-*+J'

now-

<_ij

haddatathu

his

heart,

born,

^^*-

(bi-z-zawdj)

new\y

his

innermost

told

him
to

(^
talk

wed; Ijjjk

j-u- ulf

he had not

s.th.);
o.s.

**

-jJ*"

{nafwk)

known Europe
ijj*- hadit
pl.

until recently

into

(s.th.),

try to believe s.th. or

ijjUl

hlt 1 , -u- AkJ*

see s.th. (as factual); to resolve,

make up
hi>J*. .

Mji speech; chat, chitchat, amall talk;


conversation, talk, discussion; interview;
prattle, gossip ; report, aecount, tale, nar-

one's

mind

to

do

s.th.;

Ol

<-jJ

he said to himself, told himself that


III

to speak, talk
s.th.);

(^
(^

or

j j
(

to s.o.

rative ; Prophetic tradition, Hadith, narrative relating deeda

about

to discuss (j* or or

with
s.o.

and utterances of bhe

s.o. s.th.),

converse

with

Prophet and
**\j*-

his

Companions

j.U-

about); to negotiate, confer


to address, accost
s.o.,
( s.o.);

with
call

s.o.);

h. hurfa fabulous story, silly talk;

to

up

{*

yj-oi

j.u- {qudsi)

Muslim tradition

in

by telephone) IV to bring

forth,

which God Himself speaks, as opposed to

produce, create, originate (*

s.th.);

to

jjj ij J*. (nabawi) an ordinary Prophetic


tradition;
(J

found, establih (*e.th.); to bring about,

Jd\ j.U-

h. an-nafs s.th.

one

cause

occasion
to

provoke

effect
|

(*

talks o.s. into; premonition


il>jO*-

B.th.);

drop excrement

tf-U;

i.u-1

(hadatan) to bring about s.th.

to

cauw
misje,
-_j

hudt setting

in (of

a State or
(of

or

do

s.th.,

esp.,

s.th.

evil,

do

condition),

oecurrence, ineidence

chief

to speak, talk (Jl to


s.th.),

s.o.,

phenomenon); oecurrence, ineident, happening


*jl-u-

or
(Jl

j
or

about or of

converse, chat

u with s.o.,

jp,

uor j

about

s.th.)

hadta newness, recency, novelty;

VI to talk with one another, converse,

youth, youthfulness
il*a-l

have a conversation X to renew


to

{* s.th.);

ahdaf newer, more recent

buy new

(* s.th.); to introduce, start,

invent,
find or
djJ*-

originate,

create to be

(*

s.th.);

to

jAjJl

j-U- hidtn (or hadat&n) ad-dakr

deem
hadat

( s.o.)

young

misfortune, adversities, reverses


4jj.u-l

pl. i!>l-U-t

ahdt a new, un-

uhdta

pl. J-jjU-1

ahdit3 speech;
chatter;

precedented thing, a novelty, innovation;


event, ineident, oecurrence, happening;

discussion, talk,

conversation;

fabling, fibbing; topic, subjeet of a con-

phenomenon;

evil

Symptom; misdeed;

versation ; gossip,

rumor (about a person)


|

misfortune; ritual impurity {Id. Law)*,

excrement, feces; (p\.<L>\i*-\,\5i*-hudtn)

oj-U-Vl J-*al-u. praise (of s.o.); y;.u-VI *y ** al-u. slander, defamation

hum

young man, youth;

il-U-i juveniles
hidt, U.U. hu*

ojl muhdata

pl.

-t discourse,

con-

<o-u- hadit pl. il-U-

versation, discussion, talk, parley


il-u-l

daUS % new, novel, recent, late; modern;


Ijja*-

ihdt produetion, creation, in-

haditan recently, lately

*LJl j.U-

vention, origination; causation, effectuation

h.

al-tn'

new - built,

recently

built

162

oLJI^-l
(math.)
|

ihdwiy&t

(pl.)

co-ordinatee

to cause
(a
s.th.);

(* s.th.)

to descend;

to drop
IjJb-

AiiyF oLlli^l {'amdiya) ordi-

to

ahed (* teara);
rattle
a.

ji*-

natea;
(math.)

S-l

iLSI.u-1

(ufqlya)

abscisaas

{hadran)

to

off,

expreaa quickly

(an
istihdt

utterance,

thought);

(hadr)

ti.IJb.iJ

invention,

creation,

to

production, origination

come down, step down, deacend; to glide down, swoop II to drop (* s.th.); to lower, incline, dip (* s.th.) V to
deacend gradually; to glide down; to

ioU hd occurring, happening, taking


place; new, recent; freh;

(pl. >*])*-

come down, descend;


(tears);

to

flow

down
(,j*

hawdit2

also -&t) occurrence, incident,

to derive,

atem,

originate

event, happening; episode; case (jur.);


accident, mishap
|

from)

VII

to

jj'J

ioU

a cose of
of

acend; to glide
in

come or go down, dedown, Bink down; to be


on the downgrade, to
(tears); to
(ter-

forgery; ioliJ tL.

makn

al-h. Bite

decline,

be

action, ecene of the crime, locus delicti


i\iU- hdita pl.

decline,

wane; to flow down

tj^y haudit 1 occurplot


(of

slope
rain)
;

down, alant down, be inclined


to

rence,
;

event,

happening;
;

a
[

come

Jl to

a place), arrive

Jl at)

play) incident, epieode accident, mishap jjjii

jj*.
(a

hadr rapid recitation of the Koran

ojU

h.

al-murr
pl.

traffic accident

terminus technicua of tajwxd)


jjj+-

iirf.

mnhaddit

-n apeaker, talker;
inter-

hadr slope, downgrade, declivity,

Bpokesman; conversation partner,


;

declivitoua terrain
jjj.

locutor ; relator, narrator a tranamitter of

tahaddur

deacent,

slant,

Blope,

Prophetic traditions, traditionary, representativeof the science or study of Hadith


(eee above);
iOrf-

inclination, incline, declivity


j\jJ-\

O phonograph, gramophone
recent, late;
riche;

inhidr slant, dip, pitch, inclina;

tion, descent, slope

declivity; fall (of a

muhdat new, novel,

modern; upstart, nouveau


the Moderne
J>j*-i.

oy^\

river); decline,

waning; ruin, decay, de-

cadence
jiU- hdir thick
j.Uju mutahaddir descending, slanting,
(pl.

mutahaddit apokeaman, Speaker

wu*^. mustahdat new, novel;


-i)

loping
novelty, innovation; recent invention,

downward
deBcending; lowered,
aloping,

modern produet; neologism


r a*- hadaja
(*,
*
i

j.Uw munhadir
dipped;
alanting,
(terrain);

declivitous

and

II

to stare, look sharply


a^--*

declining,

waning,

being

on

at

s.o.,

at a.th., often with

the downgrade, in a State of decadence or


decline;
heela,

bi-baearihi or Jj bi-nazarihl)
r-i*-

run-down, aeedy, down-at-the-

hidj pl. gj-b- hwlj, ^1-u-t ahdj

down-and-out
;

load, brden,

enoumbranoe

j .Uw munhadar pl. -l depression slope,


talus,
incline,

jb- y\ ab hudaij stork


1 4fl4p- hid&ja pl. -t*- ^adN'?

descent,

declivity ;

fall

camel

(of

a river)
i

saddle

^j*- hadaea
Ij\j*i

(hada) to surmise, guess,

jj^ hadara, hadura u (hadr, hadara u to be thick;

hadra)

conjeeture (* a.th.)
,-1*-

{hadr, jjJb-

hada aurmiae, guess, conjeeture;

hudr) to bring down, lower (* s.th.);

intuition

163

jj-

D Ji'i- haddf (< Jli~), iijTLil


Shuttle (weaving)
li*1

Jil-U- (yr.)

j-u-

AWuw
^.u-)

horseshoe
I.U-

'(jiJjLi

and

had u (Aadw,

Ij.

AiWd',
{*

pra haddfa (syr.) flywheel

hid*)

to

urge forward

by singing

Jo- Aa<2aga

(hadq) to Surround, encircle,


(<_j

cameis) ; to urge, spur on, egg on, prompt,


instigate,

encompass

s.o.,

s.th.)

(with

*i-k>

induce,

more
s.th.);

(<^i

or

s.o.,

bt-'ainihi) to look, glanoe (. at s.o.) II to

Jl to s.th., to

do

lj l-U- to instiroll
(rider,

look, also

glance,
<_j)
|

gaze, stare (Jl or


jLJl
Ja*-

at,
fix

gate

B.th.;

to

sway, rock,

(naazra) to

camel); to Bwing along, rock along (in


riding)
J

one'

glance

on

...

IV to Surround,
enclose
,

Jl

li-j-U.

*^j -U- their oonrersation


1

encircle,

encompass,

(lj
_^

s.o.,

led

them to

.;

.JK^Jl

4-fl

s.th.); to look,

glance (j, Jl or

at)
|

{garadun
after or
rie

tuhd)

a goal

^J. ^jk much Bought

j
on

jLJl J.u-1 (nazara) to fix one'B glance


. .

worth striving for V to oompete,


with

s.o.);

to challenge, pro-

roke
.u-

(*,

b.o.,

s.th.);

to defy, oppose,

hadaqa

pl.

-dl, Ja*- hadaq, JI.U-

hidq, jl.u-1
pl.

aW<^

resiat,

withstand

(*, s.o., s.th.),


s.o.,

stand
s.th.);

pupil (of the eye);

up
to

(,

against

against

jlil glances
incite,
(*

stimulate,
s.th.;

arouse,

animate,
s.o.'s

iia*- hadiqa pl. jlli*- had'iq* garden


|

sharpen

*ITj

dak'ah

oLjl^-J-l j.u- A. aJ-AayauiflfaJ/ zoological

intellect); to intend (* s.th., to

do

s.th.),

garden, zoo
jl.u-1

be bent (* on doing

s.th.)

tTwta^ encircle ment,

encompass-

l-u-

hud' animating singsong, chanting

ment (^
j-i*
11

of)

of the cararan leader


l-i*-

J-U-

_^ fcatar muAd/imminent danger II = JJ*-) to make acid, sour, tart,


{

hadd' camel driver, cameleer

ji*-l

uhdwa,

<j-U-I

uhdiya song of the

or sharp (* s.th.)

camel drivers
JiU-) sour. tart, acid,
jj.

J-U- hiq
(taste)

(=

tahaddin

pl.

o L A*t

tahaddiyt

sharp

challenge,

provocation
pl. li*-

Ja*- hadala
(a

jU- hdin
i

hud&h Caravan leader


cameis

to

flatten,
Jji*-

lerel,

eren,

roll

s.th.);

(Aa<M,
s.o.)

hudl)

(who
to treat

urges

the

forward

by

unjustly (Je
*J-i*4

singing); camel driver, cameleer; leader

nttTufa/a pl.

JjU

mahdil*

.u^* mutahaddin challenger,


roller,
1
m

provoker

steamroller
*a*-

iS-^

hadiya a to remain, stay

(i_>

at a place),

stick

VIII to burn, glow, blaze; to burn up,

(utoa

place)

be consumed by
out
(fight);

fire;

to flare up, break

to
at,

be

furious,

burn with
3

wrath
{gaizan)
j-Ioj-1

(J*

orer),

also

LLi-

<jI-U-

hidya, hiddya

il-b-

hid'a

jj*- hadira

a (hidr, hadar) to be cautious,


*,

ihliddm paroxysm
mu/i&ufiin
furious,

wary, to beware (j* or


B.th.),

of

s.o.,

of

be

*oit

on
II

one's
to

infuriated.

enraged
o*-

against)
s.o.

guard (j* or *, warn, caution (,>


(

of or about), put
(jr*

s.o.)

on

his

Au&i see

i*-j

guard

against) III to

watch out, be

; ,

164

J^
careful;
fco

be on one's guard
of
8.0.)
I

against),

J.U- hadiqa a>

hadaqa

(hidg, li-

hadqa)

be wory

to beware, be

wary

to be skilled, skillful, well- versed, proficient

(,> of) VIII


j-u-

(*or jins.th.), maater (s.th.);


watch-

hadaqa
(milk)

hidr and hadar caution,

(<3j-i*-

hudq)

to

turn

sour

fulness, alertneBS, wariness,

circumspec-

to feign sklfulness, proficiency, clever-

tion; precaution

ji*. -U-l

(hadarah) to

ness or smartnesa
ja*, hidg

be on one's guard; j-U- J 'al hadarin cautiously, warily; on one's guard {^*
against)
jl. Aajftr cautious,
jl-U- Aatlri

and

l-w-

hadqa

skill,

dexter-

ity, proficiency;

smartnesa, cleverness, in-

telligence; perspicacity, sagacity,

acumen
skillful,

wary
(Ol

jiL- hdiq
skilled,
.

pl.

j!*-

huddq

proficient;

well-vereed,

clever,

beware
watch

of doing
for)!

.,

smart, intelligent; sour


jJ-U-

y>

of s.th.)!

out (j-

be
II tahadlaqa to pretend

careful (^- of)!

to be clever
;

jjJ- tahdir warning, cautioning (jagainst)


*jiL*

of,

or skillfull, feign skill or knowledge

to be

pedantio

mt^kl^ara

caution,

precaution,

J-U- hadlaqa skillfulneas, dexterity

precautionary meaaure

(jJV)

l-U-

had u:
s.o.,

} \*-

IJu-

(hadwah) to
s.o.,

jj mahdr that of which one should


beware, against which one should guard
object of caution ;

imitate
s.o.'s

take
III

after

follow

example
face,

to be opposite s.th. (*
s.th.),

(pl. -t)

danger, peril

(*),

parallel

run

trouble, difficulty, misfortune

parallel

(* to)

VI to be opposite each

other, be parallel VIII to imitate, copy


(Ji*-

hadafa
or

(hadf) to shorten, clip, curtail


a.th.);
off,

(i~>

or J*

s.o.,
(i^.

s.th.,

also s.th.), take

{*

y>

to

take

s.th.

away,

or follow
s.th.)

cut

s.th.

clip

s.th.

off

y> from or cross

J* s.o., s.th., also * as an example or model; to be


s.th.) aa

or

s.th.),

reduce (j-

B.th.), strike

shod; to wear (

footgear
face to

s.th. (j- off s.th.); to cancel, strike out,

delete,
(*

drop, leave out, omit, suppress


;

jJV hadwa
face with
|

(prep.)

opposite,

s.th.)

(gram.)

to elide, apocopate,

J-JIj J*Jl iiji*-

hadwaka n-na'la

drop by aphaereais; to deduct, subtract


(a
s.th.);
(i~>

bi-n-na'l in

a completely identical manner,

to throw

(<^>

at s.o. s.th.),

to a T, like
J-U-

two peas
pl.

in a

pod
ahdiya
shoe;

pelt

s.o.

with

s.th.); to cast
(<~>

away,

hid'
|

<jJu-t

throw away, discard

s.th.) II to clip,
a.th.)

sandal
la*.

j V' *jL# shoemaker

trim (* s.th.); to give (

shape,

hid'a

(prep.)

and

AX*-

bi-

to trim, clip, or cut (* a.th.) into proper

hid'i opposite, face to face with


*IjV hadd' shoemaker, cobbler

Bhape
tjj-

hadf
off,

shortening ,
etc.;

curtail ing
;ljl* (j)

cutting

trimming,
striking

canceling,
off,
li^*-l

>

al&

(/i)

muhd&ti along,

alongside of, parallel to


croasing

cancellation,

off,

deletion;

Omission,

dropping,

supprea-

ihtid' imitation,

copying

sion; (gram.) elision, elpsia, apocopation


^sili^ ha^iir 1 : jJl* aVI

iL*
j+-

muhdin opposite, facing


i

he took

all

of

it,

harra u
II

(Aarr,

_,!;*-

harra) to be hot
to free, set free,

he took

it

lock, stock

and

barrel

to liberate

( s.o.);

165

releose

(*

s.o.);
(

to

emancipate

( s.o.);

zeal;

vehemence,

violence,

intensity;

to consecrate

s.o.)

to the Service of

burning (of the skin)


*jj>- huraira pl. -t calorie
tfj'j""

God;

to

clarify,

clear

up,

make

clear

(* s.th.);

to formulate precisely, phrase


define

aecurately,
s.th.)
;

exactly, pinpoint (*

harri thermal, thermic, thermo-,


;

to revise {> a book) ; to edit, redact

heat (used attributiv ely)


Lji^- (wahda) calorie

calorie

.u-j

(* a

book, a periodical); to write, pen,

indite,

compose, oompile
free;

(*

s.th.)

to

O <Lj[r
\j*-

harriya
f-

pl.

-t calorie

become
(,3-

to be freed, be liberated

Jjj*- harr

pl-

from); to be emancipated Till to be

j lj^j*.

har'ir 2 hot

wind
jt^*-

kindled, be heated, flare


j- harr heat, j-

up

harrn 2

f.

harr,

pl.

hirr, jjlj*- harr thirsty;

passionate,
(zafra) a

warmth
jl^-l ahrr, pl.
f.

fervent, hot
J\j.

(fig.)

(jj~

Ijj

hurr

pl.

m.

fervent sigh; jyj*-\

9j*s hot tears

har'ir* noble, free-born; genuine (jewels,


etc.),

aharr2 hotter,
(>

warmer

pure, unadulterated;

free;

living
free,

_^i-l

()'<"')

on

pins

j-\ Je and needles, on


|

in

freedom; freeman; independent;


liberal
(pol.;

tenterhooks,

in

greatest

suspense

or

unreatrained;

jl^Vl the

excitement

Liberais); frank, candid,


s.o.); free,
ji-\

open (J* toward available, uninvested (money)


|

O j*j j

rniharr heating System, heating

^U^-Vl

installation
tahrir liberation; release; emanei-

{ihtiy) free reserves, un<IL* >-

encumberedreaerves;
mlihi with his
his disposal
lj*-

.>

min

hurri

own

cash, with funds at

pation; record(ing), writing; editing, redaction; editorship (of a newspaper, a

harra

pl. -t

stony area; volcanic

periodical);

(pl.

-Ol,

j j\J-

tahrir*) piece

country, lava field

of writing,

record,

brief,

document
_r

j j*d\

ur-jJj editor-in-chief;

j**\

Ijlil

i/poetic)

hurriya

pl. -t

freedom, liberty;
(e.g.,

board of editors, editorial staff


k$jj-

independence, unrestraint, license


|

^LJI *jj h. al-'ibda freedom

tahriri liberational;
liberal ;

emaneipawriting,

of worship ; _iJI hj. h. al-fikr freedom of thought; f^xJI


*tj*-

tional ;

recorded

in

h.al-kalm freedom
^J^ll
*j_,-

written, in writing

of speech; <l^JI or)

h.

an-

jU- harr hot; warm; ardent, glowing,


fervent, passionate

nah

(a$-$ihfa) liberty of the press


silk; pl. J\j*. har'ir 2 (j\j*~)

jj>- harir
silken

jjjfiery,

mahrr hot-tempered, hot-headed,

wares,

silks

,$J*e j_^-

($akri)

passionate, furious

asbestos;
iSj^j*-

^L-* j j- rayon

jj- mvharrir pl. -n liberator,

eman-

hariri silken, silky, of silk


har'iri
silken,
silk(in

cipator; writer, clerk; editor (of a news-

paper, of a periodical)
ijj\j*-

Comjj-

pounds), of

silk; silk

weaver

muharrar oonsecrated to God; set


in writing,

down
j\j harrr silk
*jLf*~

recorded in writing,
pl.

weaver

written;
entriea

booked;

oljyt bookrogs,

harra heat; warmth; fever heat,

fever;

temperature;

ardor,

fervor

(of

j/c*

mvtaharrir

emancipated;

an

emotion), pasaion; eagemen, enthosiasm,

advooate of emanoipation

166

j*-

hariba a (harab) to be furious, enraged,


III

>j*-

hart

plowing,

tilling,

tillage,

angry
battle,

to

fight,
(

combat
agaiBt

s.o.),

cultivation of the soil; arable land, tilth;

wage war
VI

s.o.)

VI to
in

plantation, culture
4jj- harp. (n. un.) arable land, tilth
IIj.

fight (one anothor), be

engaged

war

VIII

hirta

cultivation

of the

soil,

^Senemies

harb

f.,

warfare; fight,

vJj*- hurb war, combat, battle; enemy,


pl.

farming, agriculture
>\j*-

(J* or

of

s.o.)
1

LUI

harrt

plowman
pl.
2 i-jjL* mahrit plow

._>/*-

(ahliya) civil

war; Lil** ^j*- (sihfiya)

il^rf.

mihrt

pres3 feud; LlJ-JI ^jjl~\ (qallbiya) the

Crusades

;
l

r li*Jl

^>l (uzm) UUl ^>


,

ijU-

hrit pl. ilj- Aurri

plowman

ijU-l jjI

ab
a

l-h. lion

('/amlt/a),

<.Ul

^i-l

('mma)

World
tl-

War

1;

L^L- j*

^>l

j.i.tf toAx/a*

r-^

jai-t?a
;

{/wm?)

to

be

close,

tight,

Aar&u 'an aqih and

JU

Jt

"-r*>^'

^
up,

narrow

to be straitencd, be confined,

gmaf

t7-A.

a/ a^in

war

flared

get into a strait, be cornered, be hard

fierce fighting

broke out
warlike,
bellicose,
bellig-

pre83ed; to be oppressed, be anguished


(heart);
II

to

be forbidden

Oj-

harbi

(J*

to s.o.)
(

crent, martial,

war

(adj.), military; (pl.

to narrow, tighten, straiten


(* s.th.),

s.th.);

n) wanior,
iJji-\

soldier, military

man

j-^jJl
|

to complicate
difficult;

make
IV to

(* s.th.)

(blts) military police

to forbid (Ja * s.th. to s.o.);

to
*jj>-

pereist

(j in

s.th.)

narrow,

harba

pl.

^j^

hirb lance, spear;

straiten,

confine,
(*

cramp,
s.th.);

hamper, imto

spearhead; bayonet, sidearm


#Li_^-

pede,

restrict
difficult,

complicate,

hirba

pl. <j\j*-

harbiy chameleon

make
(

aggravate, jeopardiz (*
;

(200/.)
lij*-

a Situation,
s.o.)

s.o.'s position)

to embarrasa

to

coerce,

constrain,

press

\j

iv harabhf

(exclamation of

lament) alas! goodness no! oh


s~>\j-

my!
re-

(Ji
s.o.)

to forbid (J* * s.th. to V to refrain from sin or evildoing;


s.o. to);

mihrab

pl. <

jj^

mahTib 2 a

to

abstain,
s.th.); to

refrain

(j-

from),

avoid

moaque indicating the direction of prayer, prayer niche, mihrab


cesB in a
i, jlrf.

(^
the

be eomered, be forced to wall; to become or be oppressed,

muhraba

struggle, combat, fight,

anguished, distressed; to beeome critical,

battle; warfare

become
mutual struggle
(s.o.'s

complicated
(Situation),
|

or

difficult,

be

aggravated
^\J*.\
^jLt
ihtirb

be

jeopardized
,

position)
to
at;

mukrib

warring,

belligerent;

($adruh)

feel

(v) * - L"* depressed by,


*

TL-J^

warrior,

combatant,

fighter;

corporal

annoyed

U,-UI

*>

feel

this

made

(Eg. 1930)

things difficult for people the


belliger-

j^jjU^il al-mutahribn
ents, tho warring parties

r jj- haraj closenesa, tightneas, narrowness;


tion,

confinement,

atraitness,

constric-

~*^.jij*-

harb$a
pill

pl.

harbiSr

(tun.)

crampedness; restriction, impediment; oppresaion, distress, anguish;


difficulty; critical Situation; prohibition,

pastille,

*. harata

{hart) to
tili (*

plow

the

soil);

interdiction; s.th. forbidden, s.th. interdicted, sin


|

to cultivate,

the ground)

(haraja) there

is

no

167

u*S~
the day, score a great success

objection; ^LLc rj-

V nothing Stands

in

to be
(^

your way, you are at liberty


Tj*- haraj (coli.; n. un.
S) pl. -dt, r\j-

wary

(^ of),

be

on one's guard

against) VIII to be

wary

{,>. of),

guard.

hirj, ^l^-l ahrj thicket;

denae forest;

be on one's guard (j* against), be careful,


take heed, take precautions
jj- hirz pl.
jl^*-l

woodland, timberland
rj*- harij narrow, close, tight, confined,

ahrz fortified place;

straitened ;

oppressed,

hard

pressed,

refuge, sanctuary, retreat; custody; (pl.

harassed; critical (Situation, position)


kj*-\

J !/*-' JJj*- fyurz) amulet

ahraf narrower,

closer, tighter,

j j*. hariz strongly

fortified,

guarded;

more straitened; more


g\j-

critical

inaccessible, impregnable
jl^p-l

harg

(eg.)

auction
diffi-

ihrz

acquisition,

acquirement,

'jbtainment,

attain ment,

achievement,

-l^- harja seriouenesa, gravity,

winning, g&ining
culty, complicatedness (of a Situation)

tj
rj

j\j+-\ ihtirz pl. -t caution, wariness,

tahrij forestation,

afforestation

prudenoe,
taharruj restraint, reserve, aloofreserve
|

circumspection ;

reservation,

jlJ^-V'

J-& with all

reservation

ness; timidity, diffidence, faint-heartedness; critical complication, gravity,


diffi-

jjl*-

hriza fuae (d.)

culty (of a Situation)

jj muhriz obtainer, aoquirer, winner,


gainer; possessor, holder (J*

oU^
oaths
r-j*-

of s.th.)

muharrijt: Lc V' Olyjfi m. alor solemn,

aimn binding, committing,

^j>- harasa u [hara,

a*\j(,

hirOsa) to guard,
s.th.,
s.o.);
(,

watch,

control

to

muhrij disconcerting, embarrass-

overaee, superviae, superintend


s.o.);

* s.th.,

ing
r-jj>LU

to secure, protect, safeguard, pre-

serve,

keep (, *

s.th., s.o.);

to

watch

mutaharrij:

jJuail

r-j*^*

m.aop|

sadr

annoyed,

vexed,

anguished,

J* over) V and VIII to beware, be wary

pressed

{,y of), guard, be

on one's guard

(j*

against)

j^

harida a

(harad) to be annoyed, dia-

^j. haraa watch; guard, escort; body-

gruntled, angry, furious (J# at, with)


^jU-

guard

jLJI j-^-l (sayyr)


|

mitia,

hrid,

Zj-

harid

and

o\*j*-

har*

"garde mobile" (8yr.)

JyiJI

j-,-

h.

dn annoyed, disgruntled, angry, furious


2 JjV" hirdaun pl. ,>J!/- hardin lizard

aS-Saraf honor guard; JII

^^ (malaki)
Ir.,

the royal guard (formerly

Eg.);
(

_r

^-l

$Ji\ (mulki) (formerly) bodyguard of


the

jj>- haraza

(harz) to keep, guard, protect,


s.th.),

Bey

{Tun.);

jyi j->1

(watanl) the

preserve (*

take care (* of);


to

National Guard
~*~>\j*-

haruza

(j|^-

harza)

be

strong

hirsa guarding, wabching, con-

be

strongly

fortified,

be

impregnable
(* s.th.); to

trol;

watch, guard, guard duty; super-

IV to keep, preserve, guard


obtain,
(jjL^i)

vision, auperintendence ; guardianship, tu-

attain,
\_

achieve,

win

(* s.th.)

telage,
|

oustody, care,

protection ;

safe

rMj

jj*-\

(naaran)

to

win a

conduct, escort; administration ; administration of


J*-lj_Jl ~kJj*-

victory;

jrrJ\

,_^f jj~\

(qaqaba s-sabq)

an estate

(jur.)

Sequester

to

oome through with

flying colors, carry

coast guard

u*su*\J*-\

168

ihtirs

caution, wariness, pru-

hariaf pl.
fish)

harSif* acales (of

dence;

(pl. -t)

precaution, precautionary

meosure

j Ul^-I for protection from


,j-^*-

or against

harasa

and harifa a

{hire) to deaire,

want,

covet

^jUAurrfl

hris
vigilant,

pl.

L-^-

harasa,

watchful ;

^1^watchman

be bent

(J* s.th.); to be intent, (J on) ; to strive ( J* for),

Bentry, sentinel, guard; overseer, Supervisor,

aspire (J* to)


tjfj*-

Superintendent ;

Administrator

hirs

greed,

avidity,

cupidity,

guardian,
tutelary
h.

custodian, keeper, protector,


(in

covetouanesa ; desire; aspiration, endeavor,

compounda)

TJvJl

^jU^jU(?a
*

wish (J*

for);
. .

avarice
|

Jp

L*,- in
.
.

at-tirka

Administrator of an estate;
aeal; j-^l

the desire for

in the

endeavor to
!

fljA-'l

^jU- keeper of the

r}jj^
aigns)

'

J*

\~fj*~

danger

(on

warning

h.

al-marm goal keeper; jl* ^^*"&>

4'%) aequeatrator, receiver (in

bankrupt-

^iij- harty
Aura^fl' 8

pl.

^[f-

hirOs,

Uyeager

cy, in equity);

,j-jl*-

(maVak) guard-

covetous,

greedy, avid,

ian angel (CAr.JjJJJl

,j-;L*-

a '-&*'

night

watchman

(J* for); bent (J* on), desirous (J* of)


^j^-!

^^
as
j*>jj\

ahme2 more

covetous, greedier

mahrs guarded, safeguarded,


used
,jZj*-

secured; protected (by God; esp.

II

to goad,

prod, spur on, egg on,

an epithet

after the

names of

cities)

incite, rouae,

provoke (J*

s.o.

to s.th.

the children, the family

or to

do

s.th.); to
a.o.

inatigate,

abet, stir
;

u*j4- muhtaria cautious, wary, careful

up, agitate ( J*

to or against)

O to

induce

(d.)

^j

hara&a
II

(karS) to Scratch (*,

s.o.,

^^ij^

tahrld incitement, provocation;

s.th.)

to

inatigate,
(

prod,
to

incite,

instigation, abetment, agitation (J* to);

provoke, incense

b.o.);

set

(^j

innammatory Propaganda (J*


a.o.);

against

people against each other), sow discord,


dissension
quarrel,

induction
{ei.)

(ei.)

J'J

o+ij*

(jo

among) a brawl

to

pick

Belf-induction
tS*tj

atart
(*-

(v with

s.o.),

provoke

tahrigi inciting, instigative, agi-

a.o.)

tative, inflammatory; provocative

phuri

hirS,
forest,

hurS

pl. ^il^

ahri, ,Jijj-

^jIj- hrid bad, wicked, evil

wood(a)

^j*- muharrig
^j- kariS

pl.

-n

inciter, baiter;

and

,Jj-\

ahraJP

rough,

instigator,

abettor;

demagogue, rabble

coarse, Bcabrous

rouaer; agitator, provocator;

,Jj-

harai,

hur3a,
,

<Z\j+.

har&a

induotor

roughnesa,
tahri

acabrousneas

i. mutakarritf,

induced

(d.)

,J-ij^

instigation,

prodding,
j-

II to slant,
;

incline,
off,

incitement,

provocation,

agitation,

ins.th.)

to

censement
J,j taharrui provooation, importunity, obtruaion, meddling, uncalled-for
interference

bend
or

up,

make oblique (* down or back, turn


deflect
{*
a.th.)

up,

down

back,

to distort, corrupt, twist, pervert, mis-

construe, falaify (* a.th.)

**-i^*

j*

*ij*-

fan mavdi'ihi) to

distort the aense of

160

dj"Awr/

3.th.,

rob s.th. of
off,

its

true meaning

to

t_jj-

common garden pepper Cresa


bot.)

turn
to to

branch

off,

take a tuming;
{je-

(Lepidium sativum L.;


ii^-

deviate,

depart, digress
a.th.);

from)

hirfa

pl.

<Jj-

Aira/

profession,
craft,

avoid
off,

(je-

to

be or become

occupation,

vocation,

businesB,

bent

distorted, corrupted, perverted

trade
i_ju
2 j- ari/ pl. Li^- htiraf'

VII to

tum off, branch off, take

a tuming;

to deviate, depart, digress, turn

away

customer,

(jp from); to slope down, slant, be inclined (terrain); to

patron, client (tun.)


t_ju j*-

tum

(Jl to,

toward);

hirrif

pungent, acrid (taste)

to be twisted, be distorted; to be oblique,


slanting; to be cocked, rakish (headgear);

oLijj*- spicy food, delicacies


il^-

with

<_>:

to

make
jp
*j

harfa pungency, acridity (taste)


-flt

s.th.

appear oblique,
ijtlj* tahrif pl.
distortion ;
alteration, change;

alanted, or distorted; to be corrupted,

perverted

cj^l

to dissuado s.o.

perveraion,

corruption,

esp.

from; *^[> <-J^l (mixjuh) to be indisposed, be ill VIII to do (* s.th.) profeasionally, practice (* s.th.) aa a profession;

phonetic corruption of a word

Jil^l
gression ;

inhirf

pl.

-<K

deviation,

di-

obhqueness,

obliquity ,

incliail-

to etrive for aucceas


t_jj-

nation, slant; declination (astron.);


hiraf
;

harf

pl.

<Jj-

(cutting)

ment, indisposition, also


t_jt>-l

^Ijil

cjj^l

edge (of a knife, of a aword) sharp edge


border,
(pl.

edge,

rim,

brink,

verge ;

ihtir&f professional pursuit (of


etc.)

a trade,
^ij-

J>jj*-

hurf,

Jy-1

ahruf) letter;

consonant; particle (gram.); type {typ.)


tjj*L^ij

muharraf corrupted (word)


;

J* irresolute, wavering, on the fence *tLl alfzuh bi-hurfiJi his worde


J^J-Ij

oyM munharif oblique


trapezium (geom.)

slanted, slant-

ing, sloping, inclined ; distorted, perverted,

literally;

or

j*-\J\

_J/I-Ij

hterally,

corrupted, twisted; deviating, divergent;

verbatim, to the letter; ,_J^


bi-harn
literally,

Li,-

harfan
*jj

word
a

for

word;

JJ& muhtarif one


(<->

gainfully
s.th.
(._-<)

employed
profession;

Jj^I
0*U.

>-Jr-Vlj

(waqqa'a, l) to initial
treaty);

(e.g.,

in),
;

person doing

mu'kadatan

Jj^J-l

ally

professional, a pro (sports)

profes-

h^^\
i_-ijl
(i.e.,
/

{abjadiya) the alphabetic letters,


<Jjj-

sional (adj.), e.g.,

jU

jU*

(oihfi) pro-

the aiphabet; *Hf


_Jj^i-l

matter {typ.);

fessional Journalist; climber, careerist

(Samsiya) the sun letters


r, l,

sibilants, dentals,

n to which
jj*JJl

the
jj*.

O
burn,

-Jj^ muhtaraf
i

pl. -t

studio, ateher
s.th.);

of the artiole asaimilatea),

"-j^'

haraqa

(harq) to
sting,

burn

(*
|

to

(qamariya) the
l

moon

letters (to

which the

hurt,

smart
3j-

Ji

Jyrub

of the
J<tj*-

article
h.

does

not assimilate);

(qalbah), pl.

^J-l

al-jarr

prepoaition {gram.);

f^J*

(qulbahum) to
(harq) to

vei, exasperate

s.o.;

u
to

(J-'I

j- h. al-kafd do.;

iju^l cjy<Jj-

together (* s.th.) II to burn (* s.th.);


*jL-l
3j*-

article {gram.); JtL*l\ .J^- h. al-'atf co-

(aannah)

gnash one 's

ordinating
* l+ii-^
.
I

conjunction

gram.) ;

teeth IV to burn (* s.th.); to destroy


fire

by

interrogative

particle

(gram.) ;
(* (-

s.th.);

to

singe,

scorch,

pareh

Sil

-Jj*- A.

al-qasam particle introducing

s.th.); to

scald (* s.th.); to kindle,


fire (* s.th.)
|

oaths (gram.)
jy*- harfi hteral

ignite, Bet

on

*1J

**i Jy-I

(fahmata

lailihi) to

spend the night doing

Jj*(s.th.),

bum

the midnight
aflame,

oil

over

3jj-

mahrq burned, oharred, scorched,


;

to

bum, be

bum

up, take

fire,

parched

reddish,
fuel

bronze-colored ;
|

pl.

be conaumed

by

fire,

be burned; to be

olij^ makrqt
fired clay

3jj* j^i (fat&r)

consumed (by an emotion), pine away


(*

with),

be pained
j

(*

by),

eat

one'B

3j muhriq:
diary

jf-

iLJ {qunbuia) incen-

heart out

^i j_^ {iauqan)

to

be

bomb
crematory
sacrifice

overcome with longing or nostalgia VIII to bum, be aflame, bum up, take fire, be

O j mvhraq
~jt-

oonaumed by

fire,

be burned
eijj-

muhraqa burnt
pl.

j j- harq burning, incineration, combustion; kindling, igniting, setting afire;


arson,

harqada

Jij^ harqid*

Adam's apple

incendiarism ;
{med.)

pl.

3jj*-

hurq

<j^- harqa fa pl. Jil_^- harqif* protruding

bums
3j*-

part of the hipbone


fire,

haraq

conflagration

i^-

II

to move, set in motion, drive, propel,


(m
s.th.)
stir
;

*i*- hurqa,

harqa burning, incineration,

operate

to

march, move

combustion; stinging, smarting, burning


(as

troops); to
started,
agitate,
incite,

(* s.th.); to
(*

start, get
s.th.)
;

get

a phyaical Sensation); torture,

tor-

underway
Btimulate

to to

ezcite,
instigate,

ment, agony, pain, ordeal

{*

s.th.);

goad,

prod,

provoke,
s.th.); to

jUjl^

hurq, hurrq tinder

actuate, urge (J#


afire;

s.o. to

do

harrq burning, aflame,

hot

awaken, arouse, foment,

stir

up

(* s.th.);
|

to vowel, vowelize (gram,, * a consonant)


jj^- hariq
fire;

and j^-

pl.

jt\r

har'iq*

jplJL.

'J^-

(mai'irah) to grip, excite,


i\^-

conflagration
'**\r

thrill s.o.; kJttJ^JI

to affect the feel-

harrqa torpedo

ings,

be touching, moving, pathetic; V he


li^-

b5"U ii^ (sdJWnan) he doesn't budge,


jlj^*-

haraqn burning, stinging, smart-

he

doesn't

bend

his

little

finger,

ing (as a painful Sensation; e.g., of the


feet)

remains immobile, apathetic; *SV~


(skinak)
to

rouse

s.o.,

put

s.o.

in

O 3j*- mahraq
{phys.)

pl.

j jl* mahriq* foouB

a State of excitement,
agitation

commotion or
stir,

to move, be in motion,

jijUi tahartq*
of the year
3\j*-\

(Eg.)

season

of the

budge; to start moving,


to start out, get

get

moving;

Nile 's lowest water level, hottest season

underway

(traveler);

to de part, leave (train); to put out, to


sail (fleet);

to be set in motion, be driven,

ihrq burning, incineration, com-

be operated; to be agitated, be excited, be stimulated; to be awakened, be roused,

bustion
Jiy taharruq burning, combuBtion ; burn-

be fomented, be provoked, be caused


ii_^-

ing desire (Jl for)


jljw-l ihtirq burning,

harik lively, active, brisk, agile,

combustion;

fire,

nimble
'Sj haraka
pl. -i

conflagration

JL^-Vl *> 9^ rfat


(tecAn.); jlj*-"SM

'-*-

movement, motion;
stirring,

combuBtion Chamber

J^

commotion; physical exercise;

qbil al-i. combustible

impulse; proceeding, procedure, policy;


action, undertaking, enterprise; military

JjU- hriq

areorust, incendiary

171

f
* j* or j
(*

Operation; continuation, progress; traffic

from

b.o. s.th.),

deny, refuse

(ra, Stripping, street);

movement
in
all

(as
\

or * ja or

to b.o. B.th.); to

a social phenomeuon); vowel (gram.)


*S\&*>j

exclude, debar, preclude, cut off (*

or

tfj*-

(sakantihl)

his

ja
(

s.o.
;

from
Chr. )

s.th.); to
11

excommunicate
(

doings; in every Situation; jjjL\ (through) traffic; -i'lA'


traffio; JUJI

*5"y-

s.o.

to

declare

B.th.)

*0"

shipping

sacred, saorosanct, inviolable, or taboo,

*5^-

exchange of goods;

to taboo (* s.th.); to declare (* s.th.)

tumover (com.); *jjl iS^-' (nwunya) feminiat movement; ^i-I *-'


JJ^Vl
'*S"y

unlawful, not permissible, forbid, interdiot,

nimble,
y^i1

lithe, light, quick, agile, adroit;

render

proscribe (* B.th., J to s.o.); to proof (ja ( s.o.) immune or

JJu slow in motion, heavy-handed,


inert, indo-

against),
<_iJ
Jft

clumsy, sluggish, lumbering,


lent

<j*-

immunize (> to deny o.b.


s.th.

s.o.

againai)

s.th., abstain,

refrain

from

IV to excommunicate

O
ilj*

Sj*- harahi kinetio (phys.)

b.o.;

Chr.);

to enter into the State

of ritual oonsecration (esp., of a Mecoa


pilgrim; see Aj^~\ ihrm)
(of

!}\j*-

hardk movement, motion

V to be
to

for-

mahrak

path,

trajectory

bidden,

interdicted,

prohibited ;

be

projectile)
iil>tf

holy, sacred, sacrosanct, inviolable VIII to

honor, revere, venerate, esteem, respect

mihr&k poker,
tahrild

fire

iron

(*,

s.o.,

B.th.)

pj^-l to be self(*
B.th.)

&jj&

dynamio

respecting

to

deem

Baoro-

ilj taharruk pl. -t

movement, motion;

sanot, sacred, holy, inviolable; to


(* B.th.)
ajp-

deem

forward motion
(of

unlawful or unpermiesible
(Chr.)

start ; departure ; sailing

fleet)

hirm excommunication

i\)\-

hrik withers

jp-

haram

pl. Aj*-\

ahrm

forbidden,
holy,

ij^rf

muharrik mover,

stirrer;

rouser,
insti-

prohibited,

interdicted;

taboo;

inoiter,

fomenter, awakener, agent;

sacred, sacrosanct; s.th.

sacred, sacred

gator;

(pl. -dt)

motive, Springs, incen-

object; sacred poesession; wife; sanctum,

tive, Bpur,

motivating circumstance, oau-

sanctuary, sacred

precinct;

OL^i-l

the
|

sative factor; motor, engine (techn.)


l^i*
;

two Holy Places, Mecca and Medina


J^ji-'i

<Uti
Place,

tlit
i.e.,

al-haramain the third

mutaharrik

moving,

inovable,

Holy

Jerusalem
-t,

mobile pronounoed with following vowel,


voweled, vowelized (oonsonant; gram.)
<*j*\

hurma

pl.

hurumt, huramt
sanctity,
sacro-

iT^i* jj~> (fuwar) movies, motion.


tures
iSj*- harkapi (and

pic-

holiness,

sacredness,

Banctity, inviolability ; reverence, veneration,

esteem,
is

deference,

respect;

that

u^'j*- harlcaia) to stir up,

which

holy, sacred, sacrosanct, invio-

agitate, excite, thrill

lable, or

taboo;

pl.

(pl.

^y huram) woman,
hurum
forbidden,
s.th.

haruma rs-

u,

harima a to be forbidden,
interdlcted,

lady; wife
Aj*-

prohibited,

unlawful,

un-

harm

(__/-

harama i (hirm, permitted (J* to s.o.); jl^*- hirmn) to deprive, bereave, dispossess, divest (*
*

interdicted,

prohibited, unlawful;

forbidden, offense, sin; inviolable, taboo;


sacred, sacrosanct; cursed, acoursed
|

or j*

s.o.

of

s.th.),
*

j\

take away, withdraw, withhold (*

or

Ay

ibn

h.

illegitimate

son,

bastard;

f
f!A' fl>l
tf*bVI
*I^J-i

no man's land;
c-Jl
(bait)

neutral

^lji-1

ihtirm pl. -t deference, respect,


(e.g. t

territory;

the

Kaaba;

regard, esteem, reverence; honoring

j^Ail
f

(AiAr)
1^-1

the

Holy

Month

of a

privilege);

pl.

honors,

respeots,

Muharram;
Mosque
do
lawfully
in

-w.il (majuf) the Holy

tributea

Mecca;

dLU

([^-

you mustn't
fj^maArmdeprived,bereaved,bereft
(,>.

(say) thatl * l^-L illicitly, illegally, unof);

excluded, precluded, debarred

(j* from); suffering


elf*-

privatum

(as

oppoeed

A*rtJm

pl-

-***

*v*-'

aArima a
a

to <3jj_r)

exoommunicated

(Chr.)

woolen

blanket

(worn

as

garment
fj*
sacred,

around head and body)


fj*- harim pl. *j*.
inviolable
place,

muharram forbidden,

interdicted;

hurum a

Muharram, name of the first lalamic month; *1^A-I *j- m. al-hara\m honorific

sanctum,

sanctuary,

name
*j-

of this

month
pilgrim

sacred precinot; harem; female


of the family,

membera

women

muhrim Mecca
ihrm)

wife
(in

who

has

entered the state of ritual conseoration


ij*

j*- fyariml

women's

Compounds),

(see a\j*-\

for

women
(j^

muhtaram honored, revered, vener-

fjj*(Chr.)
<j\j*-

hurm

pl. -t

exoommunication

ated, esbeemed, respeoted; (in the salu-

tation of letters:)

my dear

vennrable,

fyarmi

pl.

-iya

thief,

robber,

reverend; notable, remarkable, considerable

bandit

U^-

hirmn

deprivation,
s.o.,

bereave-

^*j*~

harmal African rue (Feganum harmala

ment, dispossession (of

j* of a.th.);

L.; bot.)
Lj*.

debarment,

exclusion,

preclusion

(^

from); excommunication (Chr.);

priva-

looee

harmala pl. J[^- harmiP a wrap worn over the Shoulders

tum

iylM

U^-

h.

al-ir$

exclusion

(garment of the dervishes)


bp- harana, haruna u ([^- hirn, hurdn)

from inheritance, disinheritance (Jal. Lato)


*j*-

mahram

pl. * jl*

mahrim 1

s.th.

to be obstinate, etubbom, headstrong


l*Jj*-

forbidden, inviolable, taboo, Baorosanct,


holy, or sacred; unmarriageable, being
in

harn

pl. j*-

hurun obstinate,

a degree of oonsanguinity preoluding


(Jal.

stubborn, refraotory, reluctant, reaistant

marriage
l*j*

Lato)

OjjU harn
pL
* jlrf

brazier

mahrama

mahrim

hj>- harua burning; wrath, rage; acridity,

handkerohief
j**_^

pungency
able odor

(of taste); pungent, disagree-

tahrim forbiddance, interdiction,

prohibition,
Aj*-\

ban
ifj*-

to seek, pursue (* s.th.), strive (*


;

ihrm atate of

ritual oonseoration

for) aspire (* to)

to examine, investigate

Mecca pilgrim (during which the pilgrim, wearin& two eeamless woolen or
of the
linen sheets, nsually white, neither

(* s.th.); to inquire (j* or * into),

make
s.th.),

inquiries (j or * about); to be intent


(#

oombs

on

s.th.),

take

care

(*

of

nor shares, and observea sexual oontinenoe); garmenta of the

attend (* to
s.th.,

s.th., also j),

look (* after
it

Mecca pilgrim

also

j);

to see to

(jl

that)

173

fJ"
5-j>- hizbiya party aotivities; partisan-

cSji-lj

bi-l-har hardly, barely

j^- hariy pl.

l^l
f\j

ahriy
{*_>

adequate,

ship, partiality; factionalism


jt'jv-

appropriate,

auitable
|

for),
{frier)

worthy
worth
jj.

haizabn old nag

(v

of s.th.)

jj.

i-^
wjU-

mentioning, considerable;
credible, believable;
<Jj1-\j

tahazzttb factiousness; factionalism

Jj-ucJLi
j\

or to be

hzib: <yjU-

*J-

hazabah

h.

he

exact, or rather
ijj-\ ahr more adequate, more proper, more appropriate tf^VL jl or to toll the truth, or more explicitly, or put more
j

met with a mishap

V>^*
tisan.

miUahazzib partial, biased; par-

b>- hazara
mate,

(azr, jj*

maAzara) to

esti-

exactly, or rather

asseas, appraise (* s.th.); to


(*

make

j
at-t.

taharrin

pl.

>\jj| i

taharrxyi
iurfat

a rough estimate
s.th.)

of s.th.), guess (*

inquiry; investigation

sJ*d\ U^i
at-t.

or jj^i\ AtJu** maqlakat

secret

jj*- hazr estimation,

assessment, ap-

police

praisal; conjecture, guess, sunnise

hazza u {hazz) to notch, nick, incise, indent

hjj*- hazzra riddle, puzzle


\jjf-

(J

s.th.),

make an

incision, cut (j into


I

s.th.) II

and VIII

mahzara estimation, assessment,

appraisal; conjecture, guess, surmise


2

j- hazz pl, jjj*-

huzz incision, notch,

\j y- hazirn'
m

June

nick; the right time, the nick of time


*>- hazza incision, notch, nick; time;

(Syr., Leb., It., Jord.)

(jli^-

huzuqgni choleric
**J_>-

the right time, the nick of time; predica-

hazqa,
i

iijjl*-

hxqa hiooups
up, bndle,

ment, plight
j |j*- hazz head scurf, ringworm ; tetter,

f>-

hazama

{hazm) to

tie

wrap

up, pack, do
(*
s.th.);

up

in a

package or bndle

eruption (med.)
jlj*-

to

girth {*

an animal); to
|

hazza rancor, hatred, hate


|

make
to

fast, fasten, tie (* s.th.)

>^\ *j*-

j-

mahazz notch, nick

j\

t_-*L*l

find the right Solution, hit the nail

on

the head, hit the mark, strike


;*-

home
happen,

kazuma u {hazm, <.lj*- hazma, ~<*jyhuzma) to be resolute, firm, stouthearted,


intrepid II to gird
(

(amrah) to take matters firmly in hand

s.o.)

V and

VIII
belt

hazaba u (hazb) to befall


(.

{. s.o.),

to be girded;

to-

gird o.s.,

put on a

occur

to s.o.)

_^VI

v>"
rally

tne matter
(

became
sides

hazm packing, packaging, wrapC>ping; determination, resoluteness, firmness,

Berious il to

s.o.);

to

form or found a party


(

111 to side,
(

take
s.o.)

energy;

judiciousness,

discretion,

with), be an adherent
sides; to

of

prudence
i-j*-

V to take

form a party, make

common
<-?j*-

huzma

pl. *j*-

huzam s.th. wrapped

cause, join forces

up or

tied up;

bndle, fagot, fascine;

hizb pl- v[r**' a hzb group, troop,


{pol.);

beam
bunch
parcel
Aj*-

of rayB, radiation

beam

(phyt.);

band, gang; party


the Koran
bis clique,
|

the 60th part of

(of herbs, etc.); Bheaf; package,

*j[>-l
is

j*

_j*

he belonga to

he

of the

same breed

hizm

pl.

-t,

i*^-l

ahzima, *y-

fjj*- hizbi

party

(adj.), factional

huzum

belt, girth; gjrdle;

oummerbund,

; ;

fjwaistband
fasten
it);

(worn

over
belt

the
|

oaftan
||>-

to
A.

sense (* B.th.);
haaastu)
,

Amm
sympathy

(Ist pers. perf.

Bword

j.1/1

(Ist pers. perf. haaistu)

a to

al-amn safety belt


aJ-!

feel sorry, feel

or compassion

ahzam* more resolute; more judi-

(J for), sympathize (J with). II to grope,


feel

IV to parceive, sense, experience (*


<-

or
I>JU-

s.th.);

to
-

feel

(*

or

B.th.);

hxim
pl. Uj*-

pl.

i*^3

Aazama and
prudent

rj*-

to notice (* or

B.th.);

to hear (* a

Aarim

Auzamd*

resolute, energet-

sound, a noise,
(

etc.);

to

take notice

ic; judicious, disoreet,

of s.o.)

V to
over

grope, probe (* for s.th.),


s.th.),

flnger,
jj*-

Aazana u to make Bad, sadden, grieve


( s.o.);

handle, touch (*
(*
s.th.);

run the

Aazina a
(J

hand
feel

to

grope about,

(Auzn, hazan) to be

around; to seek Information,

make

Bad, grieved
of); to grieve,

or

at

or because
II
(

moum
pl.

J* over) (

and IV
s.o.)

inquiries (j* about) ; to sense, experience,

perceive

to

make
uj-

(*,

Bad, sadden, grieve


jtj*-l

s.th.); to feel {_ B.th.);


(_*

to be affected, be deeply touched


sadness,
s.th.)
-*-

by

hvxn

aAzdn

grief,

sorrow, affliction
(J

hau Sensation,

perception, feeling,

Oj-

Aazn

pl. jjj-

Auzn rough, rugged,

sentiment
(J

hard ground
-*-

At sensory

perception, senBation

oj*-

Aaztn sad, mournful, grieved


pl. Uj-

feeling, sentiment; sense; voiee;

sound;

^j. Aarin

Auzand'*,

noise
jlj-

Atzdn, (J^*- hazAn sad;

mourning

(for

j-.- hissi sensory; sensuous; pereeptible;

deceased person); sorrowig, mournful,


grieved
(CAr.)
|

palpable

<^'

<_jU (madhab)

ojJ-l

inJ-.l (jitm'a)

Good Friday

senBationalism, sonsualism

oUsad, very grieved,

hissiyt sensations

jU>- Aaznn* very


worried; in mourning

ri-- ha*is faint noise

D
(in

^lj- haass sensitive; sensible; readily


JiLi*-

AazflyinJ

(,>!>

Aai'inJ)
affected, susceptible;

sensual (pleasure)

sad, mournful,

melancholic;

mouraingfunereal
j

Compounds),

mortuary,
for

i^L_j- hasasa sensory organ

Ji|>- ^ili (qum) cloth

mourning

^L_j-

hass&ai allergio

garments

V"**"
(mrf.)

er*!/*'

aUergic diseases, allergiea

j^

foAaxzvn sadness; behavior of a


L-L-*- haaaAaiya sensitivity (alsotecAn.)
sensibity ; faculty of sensory perception

mourner
jj* mahxn
grieved,
grief-stricken,

susceptibility ; sensuality

**L_i-l ^ij

pained, sad, saddened


j-

mara4

<d-h. allergy (med.)

mvhzin grievous, saddening; sad;


<-#

<-* mihassa ourrycomb

melartcholic ; tragio ; <l>\jja mufysinQt griev-

ous things

~*jj-

<Jui*

(^

fcim/ttf j/a)

^L
feeling;

ihsOs pl.

-Ot,

^-i-Ul ahais*

feel

and
(J

*ij-

<Ajj (riie&ya) tragedy (theat.)

Sensation, sense

(^ of

s.th.);
pl.
-'

perception (_ of s.th.); sensitivity;


-*-

Aawa

(Ist pera. perf. haaastu)

u (hau)
;

oUL-^t
jjL

feelings,

sentiments

O ,^-1

to carry, currycomb (*

an animal) to

feel,

sensitivity to light;

L/

-l~-1/l -U-t*

highJy sensitive; *\JJu ^L--! (rnuitarak)


feeling of

take into consideration


to reckon
(<_j

(<_j

or

m s.th.);

harmony, concord, unanimity;


al~i. insensitivity, dull-

or * with); {to antieipate

^L^-Vl

* qiat

a reward in the hereafter by adding a


pious deed to one's aecount with

nesa, obtusenesa

God
,_

V-L_^VI uIlUI

af-ta'ifa

al-ihsdHya

such as resigning in God's will at the

the impressionists i-U- hssa


aense
|

death of a relative; hence:)


hawas* Bensation;

loJj

M ^I

(tvaladan) to give a son, be bereaved of


pl.

^]y

a son;

^tJi

Zi\

x*

*.

Z*.l

to sacrifloe

^r-J-'l

^J^l

the five senses

s.th. in antieipation

of God's reward in

,j^>* wiaA** feit; senaed; perceptible,

noticeable,

palpable, tangible; appreci1

the hereafter; to charge (J* * s.th. foi); to think, beliere, suppose; to take ( *
s.o.

able, considerable (e.g,,loss); ^-j...^ that

for

or to be
o.s.
(<_j

.);

to be content, to

wbich

is

perceptible through the senses;

content

with);

disapprove

appearance,

evidence;

oL-j^l

thinga

perceptible through the senses


_*- Aawfca

(J* * of s.th. in s.o.), take ezoeption (J* * to B.th. in s.o.), rejeot (J* * s.th.
in
s.o.);

to

call

(Aa*6, i^l

p-

hisOb,

L* Am

(J#

s.o.)

to

aeoount,

ask (J*

s.o.) for

an aoeounting

ln, Auibdn) to compute, reckon, caloulate; to count; tocharge, debit

to

s.o.,

(J* * s.th. to s.o.'a aecount); to credit (J * to


s.o.'s

,_*- Aa*6 reckoning, Computing, oalculation; thinking, opinion, view; suffl-

B.th. to b.o.,

aecount)

ciency
|

*jL_s.o.

!_ ,r-

f/iwaiaA)

to takc s.th.
into

hasbifea)

or

into
for

p*p (^l .* or) >l\_ w htubuka (bidirhamun one dirham is enough


t

aecount or
with

oonsideration,

reckon

you

<jl

J-L_*- it suffices to

say that

. . .

s.th. or s.o.,
|_

oount on

s.th. or s.o.;

J LL*-

p.

(hitdban)
s.o.

do.;

to attach
i_Vll

you know enough when you hear that you need only \ \*Ju ,j\ tf {muqni'an
. . . . . . ; t

importance to
J >_iL*(alfa)

it

or s.th.;

will be

L i-

enough to convinoe you

if

to have a thousand appre. ,

i^i JS* li+i

dL_~j (b%.h04 IcuUiMiarran)


all

hensions about .
bdn,

hatiba a

but enough of
%

(OL-*- his*
<
(*

theee negative aspeots!

1_^

mahaaba, mafyriba) to regard

fa-had*

and that 's all, and no more,

s.o. a*) f consider,

deem(*a.o. tobe.

only (interchangeable with


.

Lm)
pl.

.);

to think,

believe,

suppose, assume; to
* s.o.

tf-*-

hubt:

f^-

ijU. (majlis)

^Lf

consider, regard {jto),

as belonging

*;*- guardianship oourt, probate oourt


{Eg.)

oount

{ja

s.o.

among); to see

in s.o. s.th.);

haevba

ihatab,

_ *- hatab

pl.

i_jI

p-1

dfytSb measure,

jU-*- Aa32>a)

to be of noble origin, be

extent, degree, quantity,

amount; value;
s.o.;
bi-

highborn;

to

be highly esteemed,
to call

be

esteem, high regard


'

enjoyed by

valued
(

III to settle
s.o.);

an aeoount, get even


(* s.o.)

noble desoent; ha*aba (prep.),


hasabi and <*to,
ti*

^*

with
(

to aoeount,

^ ly^tabi acoording

ask
(

s.o.)

for

an aeeounting; to hold

in

aoeordanoe with, commensurate

s. o.)

responsable,
|
<

make

b.o.)

an-

with, depending

on
(conj.)

swerable

ij J* r^<U- to be oareful, be on one's guard V to be oareful, be

L*- hasabamd
what
jJ\
l

on one's guard; to take precautions; to


seek to know, try to find out (* s.th.)

acoording
. . .

to
|

as,

depending on how
as

Ljit

(ttafaqa)

chanoe

will

VI to Bettle a mutual aecount VIII to


debit or credit; to take into aecount,

have

<*-

hisba arithmetical problem,

um

176

wj - hasib

pl. .L-*-

huMba'* reapeoted,

L^Lpt

muhAsaba

pl.

- accounting;

esteemed; noble, of noble birth, highborn


oL*- husbn oaloulation, reckoning, lJ-l j 05"
|

Clearing (com.); bookkeeping; request for

accounting; examination of consoience


(theol.)
|

aooounting; computation

i--lpl

*i gwt al-m. accounting


office ; Clearing

to be taten into account, be taken into


oonsideration; to be expected, be anticipated; Ol uL_i-l

department, comptroller's
house
i.

j&"

it

waa expected
.
.

A .J^l

t'AJiadb

computation; calcula-

that

.;

jl

JL_*- I expect that

tion, oonsideration, refloction; debiting;

i_jL*- hirtb arithmetic, reckoning, oal-

orediting; valuation; contentedness, satisfaction

culus; computation; calculation, estimation, appraisal;

aooounting, settlement;

,_

hasib counter,

reckoner, arith-

oonsideration, consideratenesa ; caution ;


(pl. -AI) bl,

metician, calculator, Computer

invoice; Statement of oosts;


pl.

(bank) account;

oLl- bookkeeping

Vj-* mahsb
1

pl.

-an,

-.j-l**-

maAdJ 1
sub-

protege

pet,
(

favorite;
s.o.)

obedient,

JJLI ujL>-

h,

al-jumrnal (al-jumal) use of

serviert

J* to

the alphabetio lettera aocording to their

numerical value;
arithmetio;

i^LJ-1
.-.L*-

1*

'Um

al-h.

ij >*t maJu>iya esteem enjoyed


s.o.,

by

J->LuJl

h.

at-tajdxd

position of distinction; patronage,

differential caloulus;

J.&JI

-^L*- h. at-

favored position, favoritism


,_

tak&mul integral calculus; *iL#he reckoned with


it,
<d

5"

muAds.6,

i/^r-l**-

mu/t&n&^i

(<y.)

he expected

it,

he

accountant, bookkeeper; comptroller, auditor


i_

was piepared
s.o.

for it;

IL*- J^ to take

or B.th. into oonsideration; to reckon

1M "Z

fnuAJaa that

for

which one
(e.g.,

with s.o. or B.th.; ^bAM ^.LJ-I (fntmi) and

can expect reward in the hereafter


suJFering, loss, etc.)
.#-

JL^

._>L#-

(nrtd't)

final

Statement of

account, final aooounting; i_<LJ-l Jl Ui


(da'Ohu)

he called bim to account;

*ji

Kitada u (hasad) to envy, grudge


s.th.),

( s.o.,

t^LJ-1

yaum a/-. the Day of Reckoning, Judgment Day; J LI- ftfl to render
s.o.; -*L,p-

J* or *
other

be envioiu

of

s.o.,

J*>

or a because of s.th.) VI to envy each

account to

^u without limit

or bounds, to exoess, to

an unlimited ex-

x~ hasad envy
ij-*-

tent; -*L,p- j* ,y blindly, without fore-

thought, at random; j^i t^li- toa.o.'s


credit, to s.o. 's

heud

pl. a_*-

Au*w2 envious

advantage;

^Ai

^L*- J*
(-A.

A-Ui tah&sud mutual envy

to

s.o. 's debit,

at s.o. 's expense, to s.o. 's


*^> JJ

J-U

h&tid

pl.

iL-*-

AuMdd,

iJ_*-

disadvantage^L-J!

/agtya'a
for it;

Aasoda envious; envier, grudger


i^_*t

he got a raw deal, he was in


jU(jflnn)

ujL#-

current
.

account;

ol>L*-

mahsd envied; smitten by the

^iji'l jj-c, .y

umff aM. savings-bank

evil eye
.

aocounta;
4_jjj

<-!>>>

^L*-

blocked account;

Aa*ira

(Aar) to pull

away or
(j*-

off,

oLjL-- double-entry bookkeeping;

remove (j*

* s.th., a oover, a veil, from)


s.th.);
;

j^Jl

^LJ-1
1

(saryi) the

Julian oalendar;

to unoover, lay bare, unveil

J jift

_*LJ- {garbi)

the Qregorian oalendar

<

j>-*- Auwr) to
{haaar,

beoome dim
,_- hatra)

(sight)

jL-p- hitAH arithmetical, mathematioal,

hasira a

to regret
(

computationaJ

J*

s.th.),

be grieTed, be pained

J* by

e.th.); to sigh

(Jpovers.th.);

haaara

i,

(*

s.th.);

to

decide

(*

a question); to
dis-

hasira a (kaaar) to
II

become

tired, fatigued

settle (*

an argument); to deduct,

to fatigue, tire, weaken, sap


( s.o.),

s.o.);

count {* an amount from a


VII to be severed, be cut

sum

of

money)
to

to grieve, sadden
grief
{

cause pain or
(* a cover,
a.th.)

off;

to be finished

to s.o.); to

remove

be

completed,

be

terminatcd;

be

j* from), lay bare, unveil (j*

V to

settled (argument)

be diatressed, be pained, be grieved (Jp by); to sigh (Jp over) VII to be pulled
ftway or
off,

f~

haam

finishing, completion, termi-

nation; decision; settling, settlement (of

be removed

(je-

from); to
je-

be rolled up, be tu med back (sleeve,

an argument); discontinuance, shutdown,


closing
(of

down;

deduction,

discounting

from the arm); to disappear suddenly


(j* from)

an amount)

(!*-

hua&m sword, sword edge huam


fatal, trying, grueling (pl.;

j~*- hasar fatigue, dcbiiity, weakness


|

j*aJ>\ j- myopia

h.

al-basar

nearsightedness,

fj

*-

days, nights, also years)


--U-

j-*~ hasir grieved, sad; fatigued, lan-

h&aim

decisive;

final,

peremp-

guid, weary, tired

tory, conclusive, definite, definitive

*j- haara

pl.

hasart grief, sorrow,


j

j - haauna u (huan) to be handsome,


beautiful, lovely, nice, fine, good; to be

pain, distress, affliction; sigh

!_/

-*J

L.
L.

la-l-haarati alaal unfortunately! j,-.


alj^-\j

expedient,

advtsablo,

suitable,

proper,

yhasrati and

haarath what

fitting; to be in a

proper State, be in a
|

a pityl too bad!


_r*-

desirable

condition

dL_j}

j-*- jl

in

h.

haair

pl. j|aP -

ladaika

if
;

you

like

it, if it

seems

all

right

haar tired, weary,

to

you

jl

fatigued,

exhausted;
|

dim,

dull

(eye),

that

you

ne&rsighted
"ighted,

y-*Jl _r- h. al-baaar near-

-il-UiJ

myopio
beautify,

iL j-*: it is to your advantage you ought to .; j~*. .; be was all willing to II to


.

embellish (* s.th.); to adorn,


s.th.); to

jj~*- huar
<j\j--

nearsightedness,
regretful,

myopia
sad,

decorate (*

improve, put into

haar&n

sorry,

better form, ameliorate, better (* s.th.);

distressed, grieved

to

make

better

presentation

(*

of

s.th.); to

present in a favorable light,

j-- tahasaur sighing; regret

depict as nice or desirable (J * s.th. to


bared,
nears.o.); to

^U

hOair
|

pl.

j*)y hawair 2
al-baaar

sugar-coat,

make more
s.th.

palatable

denuded

^-aJl y-l*- h.

(*

s.th.

unpleasant,

disadvanta-

sighted, myopic; ^\j\

^U
)

h. ar-ra'a bare-

geous) III to treat

( s.o.)

with kindliness

headed, hatless
_*-

IV to do
un.

right, act well; to

do

(* s.th.)

well, expertly, nicely; to

know
do

(*

how

to to

haaak

(coli.; n.

thorns, spines;

do

s.th.),

be

able (* to

s.th.);

spikes,
(bot.);

pricks;

fishHbnes;

awns, beard

master
s.th.),

(* s.th.),

have command
a
handicraft,
s.th.); to

(* of

name

of several prickly herbs, esp.

be proficient (* in s.th.; a lan-

of the genus Tribulus


Jl-**-

guage,
prickly, spiny

an

ort, (*

etc.),

be

haaaH thorny,
t

oonversant

with

oharitable; to do favors,

do good, be do good (Jl or


a good turn,

hasama

(haam) to cut, sever, out off


nniah, complete, terminate

to

b.o.),

do

(Jl

or L

s.o.)

(a s.th.); to

be nice, friendly (Jl or

to s.o.); to give

alms, give charity (Jl to

s.o.)
is!

4i_*-l

j_*-l ahaan* pl. ,^-U-l ahrin 1 better;


nicer,
lovelier,

m ahaanah how
some he
ifl!

good he

how hand-

more
he

beautiful ;

more
|

wJu^-l ahsanta well done!

excellent,

more splendid, more admirable


_>
i

bravo! iJli^i J-*-' (almniya) to master the German language, knowQerman well;
bJUl jr-*-! to
jjjJL* Jr-*-'

t*

II

U- j-*-1

better off than


(bi-Uati)

they are;

j_-l

j>

JJl>

in

aim well or accurately;

friendly manner, amicably, with kindness


b_*-

(ma^rataA) to give good


I

Aamd' 1

pl.

l-*- Ai*2n (of a

wom-

advice ;

^ jli

j-*- (ztitw ) to have a good


1

an) beautiful, a beauty, a belle


J-A-l

opinion of ..., judge


4iL*L&*

s.th.

favorably;

j-*-l (mu'dmaZaJa^) to treat s.o.


nicer,

al-hum

pl.

-d*

(f.

of ,>-p.^I

well

V to become

more handsome,

al-ahsan) the best outcome, the


ing; fair means, amicable

happy end*
|

more

beautiful; to improve, ameliorate,

manner

J-J-Lj

get better

to

deem

(* s.th.) nice, etc.,

amicably,

by

fair

means, in a friendly
(aamd') the 99 at-

or good; to regard (* e.th.) as right, ad-

manner; ^-A-i
tributes of
4i_*-

Lr*Vl

visable or appropriate; to approve {* of


s.th.),

God
pl. -<W

sanction, condone {* s.th.); to

como

Aaozna

good deed, bene-

to like, to appreciate (* s.th.), find pleas-

faction; charity, alms; pl.


tages, merita

ob-- advan-

uro

(*

in

s.th.);

also

IV:

j-*u-l

j>LtVl (ingiziya) to

know

English well;

j_*- Ao4ffn pl. ^-U-*- hassin 3 goldfinch

pass. ustuhsina to be good,

commendable,

advisable
j-*- husn beauty, handsomeness, prettiness, lovelineas; ezcellence, Buperiority,

i_#t ma/uan

e.th.

nice, a.th.

good;

advantage;

pl.

^yU- mahsin* beauties,

charms, attractions, merita, advant&ges,

perfection

AJ-I

j-L

li-h.

il-hazz

fortu-

good qualities
,>* tahain beautification, embellish-

nately;

IJ^i-JI

j_*- good manners, good

behavior; good conduct; i^LJIj ^-Jl j_*(A.

ment; improvement, amelioration, betterment; processing,


refining, finishing; (pl.
|

aa-aair)

an irreproachable

life;

j-*-

hj^^ill A. at-ta$arruf discretion, individual

judgment;

jliJI

j_-

%.

a?-fann

good

opinion, favorable judgment; j^i\ j-*-

jwl* toh&ain 3 ) ornament, decoration O JJl t>^ '* an-mwJ eugenics


ii-L*

euphemism;

(S-Jl)

x-*iJI

j-*- h. al-qafd

muAdjana

friendly

treatment,

(an-niya) good intention, good will, good


faith; *_a->j j-*h.

kindlineas, amicability
jU-*-l

ysuf beauty spot,


al-husn a kind of
cairicus L.
;

Aln beneficence, charity, alms-

patch; j-L\

ritt

giving, Performance of

good deeds

bindweed (Convolvulus

bot.);

y^
|

tahaaaun
,>-dl

improvement, ameliothe

deadly nightshade, belladonna


j-*- hasan pl. jl_*- AiJn beautiful,

ration

J on

way

to recovery consent;

jL-w.J
cretion in
j,
-^

iatika&n

approval,

handsome, lovely; pretty,


hasanan

nice;

good,

acclaim; discretion; application of dis-

agreeable; excellent, superior, exquisite;


l-..i-

legal decision (Isl.

Law)

well, sptendidly, excellently,

beautifully;

LJ-I

the

ladies;

high

muhassin embellisher,

beautifior,

improver; pl.ob^ muhaaaint cosmetics

sandhill
j^JL-A-l

al-hasaniyn

the Hasanides,

j-^ muhain
ji.i-i*
-

beneficent, charitable

the descendants of Hasan, son of 'Ali

muatahaan approved, commend-

and Fatim a

able; pleasant, agreeable

(*'
(s-*.) 1_*- has sip (* s.th.)
_>-.*-

(hasw),

V and

VIII to drink,

throng; concentration, massing (esp. of


troops); mobilization, calling

up

(of

an

hasw and

1_*- {taad*

soup, broth

army)
xL- tahai&ud pl. -t ooncentration (of

*^.*- Aoiuxi pl.

fcuauxU a sip
husuwOt, husawtU, L-*-l

troops)

^-*- Auswa ahsiya a


sip,

pl.

jLlI*-i ihti&Od pl. -i

emall quantity of liquid;

gathering, crowd;

concentration (of troops)

soup, broth; bouillon

xiU- hSid numerous (of an assembly),


^i*-

AaJ&i u (haiS) to

mow, out

(* s.th.) II to

orowded

(of

a public demonstration)
(eJ.)

smoke hashish
Jtt*. haiU
(coli.)

O
pl.

IJ-IU
i

h&da battery
u

J&i+. hat'iP

herbB, grassee; weeds; hay;

hemp

i*-

haSara
(

(Canrally

(ha&r) to gather, assemble,

nabis sativa L.;


Btillborn child
|

bot.),

hashish, oannabia;

people); to cram, crowd, pack,

jbjill ,J+l*- h.

ad-dindr

j'am (together); to Bqueeze, press, force,


stuff,

hops
*Jui^(jiLt*-

tuck
rji

(.jo

or

* s.th. into)

haHia
haiSi

j-^'
(n. un.)
pl.

youm

al-haSr the

herb

day of con-

gregation (of the dead), the

Day

of Ren-

-n Bmoker or chewer

urrection
yi*-

of hashish, hashish addict ^LL*- AuAW, UUL*last Bpark of life


^jijj-i*-

ha&ara
|

pl.

-t insect; pl.

vermin,

AuAUa

last breath,

inject pesta

ol^^J-l

'Um

al-h. ento-

arfi

(eg.)

sap-green,

reseda-

<jj+-

haart insectile, insectival, inseot-

colored

(in

Compounds) ; entomologic(al)

J&
hiP
<t-

mihaSi, \t mihai&a

pl.

jXt. ma*

_ri*- ha&raja

and

II

tahahaja to rattle in

aickle, scythe; fire iron,

poker
tool
for

the throat

mihaiia

pl.

-i

(eg.)

i^i*- hairaja
throat

rattling, rattle

in the

weeding, weeder
lt

r^t- mahSaS, U-

^^-

m.-kna hash-

_-

V to be dressed shabbily,
>Ja+-

dress slovenly

ish

den
haaf dates of inferior quality
pi-

mahOP
viLl*-

JL*- haSafa glans (penis; anat.)

hashish den

haSaka

(hak) to cram, jam, squeeze,

L haSada

{ha&d) to gather, concentrate,


troops), call up, mobilize
pile up, Btore up, accn-

stuff (j m s.th. into)


-i.

masa
(>

esp.

an army); to
{ s.th., Jl

haiama

(haim) to shame, put to shame

mulate

at a place) II to amass,

(. s.o.)

II

and IV

do.

V and

VIII to be

accumulate
esp. troops)

(* B.th.), masa, concentrate (

ashamed to face

a.o.

(^

or j^j; to be

V and VIII

to rally,

come

to-

reticent, modeat, shy, baahful, diffident

gether, assemble, gather, crowd together,

Buite

aJawi servants, retinue, entourage,

throng together; to be concentrated, be

massed

(troops); to fall into line (troops)


pl. ijj-

LJj- hiSma shame, basbfulness, timidity,

U*. haid
rallying
;

huid assembling,
assembly,

diffidence;

modesty; decency, de-

gathering,

crowd,

corum

r*
-J>- fei&in pl.
|cl*-

huSam' 2 modest,

'

..<

iahSiya Insertion; interpolation

timid, basbiul, shy, diffident

JAJ. iah&Hn avoidance


<J\~
i/itt&Sm

-51*

maAdm 1
tahaMum

pubes, genitals

hya

pl.

^V" Aaw&n

border;

J&

and

aLU

seam, hem; edge; margin (of a book);


marginal gloss;

ehame, shyness, modesty, reticenee, decency, decorum


-il* muAta&'m shy, bashful; modest,
reticent, decent, decorous

marginal notes;

oom-

mentary on certain words and passages of a book, supercommentary footnote;


;

postscript;

retinue,

entourage,
pl.

suite,
critical

servants; dependents;

^J^

^^) (w
in

iL*-

KaS u (ha&w) to

atuff,

fill,

dress
fill

apparatus

i-iU-l

jJj and
S-iU-l

^JjA-l

JJj
al-h.

* B.th. with; esp. fowl, eto.); to


(a s.th.);

nice, polite, courteous, gracious, amiable,

to
o.g.,

load

[m a firearm;
fill

mm
(m

kindly,

friendly;

riqqat

s.th.

with,

a oamera); to

niceness, amiability, graciousness

a tooth); to
provide (*
(m

insert (* s.th.) II to inter-

jiJ.

mahfrw

filled,

dressed; stuffed;

polate (* s.th.); to insert (* s.th.); to


s.th.)

with a margin; to

hem

loaded
filled,

(firearm);

pl.

Cj]^*-

mahiwdt

or stuffed, diahes

dress); to supply (* a book) with


III to

marginal notes or glosses


oxclude (j*

exoept,

^iit

mahHy

filled,

stuffed (esp. food);

s.o.

from)

to keep away,

s.th. filled or stuffed

stand aloof, abstain (j* from), avoid,

Bhun (j*

B.th.),

beware (j*

of),

be on

_^- frawa

u to

fall

as a share

to s.o.)

III to share ( * s.th.

with

s.o.)

IV to

one's guard (j* against) VI to keep away,

allot s.o. () hie share


ljs-

abstain (j* or j* from), beware (* or

je or j*
s.th.)

of), avoid,

shun

(m or

je or j*

hu$f saffron
pl. (j^-*- At<KZf sharo,
(/In.)
;

c*. hiffa

portion,

jl*. hoho that with


stuffed

which

s.th.

is

allotment; share

contingent, quota;
class

or filled;

dressing,

stuffing

(of

apan of time ; lesson,

period
(fin.);

-*-

fowl, etc.); filling (of teeth);

insertion;

fj\ j
(

A.

/i

r-ra6A dividend

{gram.) parentheais; interpolation


jl*.

ri^ldl founders' share;

O -*~ O j-*J-l f^
.*<j

quota System,

apportionment ;

haMea

pl.

-Ol

filling,
;

stuffing
j^-j in

a short time
tah$i$

(oushion,
cartridge),

oookery,

eto.)

load

(of

a
tJ

charge (of a mine); panel,

A~+

quota System, apportion-

inlay, inserted piece (in paneling, in


\1p~

a door)
bowels,

ment
i^L*.
s.o.),

Julian

pl.

li*-l

aAW
|

muAOwa

allotment; sharing (with

intestines; interior, inside

Li-I

in

partaking, participation
-

the interior of, within, in

^
<JL^.

JUL**- see
u
^^.

lyiian

if

Lipl.

haian
hofoba
%

to oover or strew with

ha&lya

-t,

\A*-

JiaMy

pebbles or gravel (* ground); to macad-

cushion, pillow; mattress

amize
or J)

UU-,

^U-

hO&a (with
|

genit., aco.

hafiba a and
measles
II

(*

ground),

metal

(*

road);

pass. hvfiba to

have the

except, save
jt
Ji

4i

^U-,

4)

UU- God
LftU,

foibid!
. . .

to cover or strew with pebbles


(*

iU

LiU- far be it

from you that you

or gravel

ground); to macadamize

jiU, i J\~ (Mio)

=4

UU

(* ground), metal (> a road)

181

i_*> hoQdb

road metal, crushed rock,

involve (* s.th.);

ha^ira
{*, (*,
*

a (ha^ar) to
III

baUast
Lrfw- Aa$6fl* 8 (coli.) pebblea; gravel
4

be in a
cirole,

fix,

be in a dilemma
s.o.,
s.o.,

to ento
to

Surround
off,

s.th.); s.th.);

shut
rra-

seclude
s.th.);

hafba measles (med.)

block

(a

to

beleaguer,

besiege

i-^lj- Adftba storm, hurricane

{*, s.o., s.th.); to

blockade

(a,

s.o.,

s.th.); to detain,

deter, restrain

s.o.)

^owm. ^wp^wpa
manifest; to

to be or

become

clear, piain,

VII to be straitened, confined, narrowed


in; to
(<-<

come
(ha$d,

to light (truth)

be or become
;

restricted, limited

4 ha$ada

jU*- ha$d hi$d) to


t

or

j to)

to limit
to),

o.s. (._j

or

j to)
(

to be
in);

harvest, reap (* s.th.); to m'ow {* s.th.)

Condensed (j
to be or

be concentrated
(e.g.,

IV, VIII

and

to be ripe

become united

<*5^-

under
x*v- fyaQd and iL*- A#hZ harvesting,
reaping, harvest;

s.o. 's rule);

to be reducible (j to),
of), oonsist (

be expressible (j in terms
in)

jU*- harvest time

X-*- ha?id, !-L^- ha^ida pl. aJL**- Aa*


'i'ti
2

crop,

harvest

yield

-t-a-j

o- ha$r encirclement, encompass_r ment, enclosure, oorralling; parenthesiz

everything without exception

ing; blocking, blockading, beleaguering,


siege ;

jLm- ha$$d
x*- mijifad

reaper; harvester
pl.

detention, determent ;

restraint,

retention, Containment,
o^Lfi maA&pwi' sickle
tion, restriction,

check;

limita-

connnement; narrowing

!jU-

ka$$da and

-U* mih*
|

gathering, coDecting (of s.th. scattered),

$ada mowing machine,


i-ljj (tiarrtlsa)

mower

O ->Lm-

compilation ; enumeration,
ing,

combine

listing, count Computing; centralization, concen^

-U*U- A^tti reaper

tration; (tobaeco)
ly speaking;
_

monopoly
|

^^A-Ij striot

rmL\ J^w Jp

exhaustively

*-U*L-

h&$ida

mowing machine,

ltj+d\ j**- h. at-tamwin rationing; I**^p


_

mower
j^o maAptf harvested, reaped,
-L* mu/uZ and
-i

ri-

'almat al-h. parantheses, brackets


_

mown

(typ.);
*J

r*L\ C^s

Jftaj

1/

(yadkulu) or

j-m*-

(ha$ra) boundless, infinite, im_

.w mu*taA?d ripe
.

measurable, innumerable; -*i-l 3j* /

y<**

*>
(a

Aafara

u
to

(ha$r) to Surround, encircle,

fqu l-hap-a do.;


al-h.

j*-\

jLj-l

ijzat
jljl

encompass,
s.th.);

ring

(*

s.th.);

to

enctose

patent on an invention; j**-

parenthesize (* a word);
s.o.,

iiLUlj ^sJI idrat A. at-tibg wa-t-tumbk

to blockade (*,

s.th.); to besiege,
s.th.);

Government Tobacco Monopoly


j-m-

(Syr.)

beleaguer

(*,

s.o.,

to

detain,
{* s.o.);

hup- retention (of urine)

consti-

deter, restrain, contain, hold to limit, restrict (j * or


_j

back

pation
j-m-

s.th. to); to
s.th.);

condense, reduce in scope (*

to

ha$ar dyslogia, inability to express

narrow down, confine (j *


a suspicion to
s.o.);

s.th.

to, also

o.s. effectively

to bring together,
*
s.th.

.>-*- ha$ir pl. r^- hitgur _


_-**-

mat

compile, arrange

(j

under

a
hafira
pl.

rubric); to enter {J * s.th. in a list); to

JL**. ha$a'ir* mat

put together, set up,


(* s.th.); to

list,

enumerate

jL**- hifr block, blockage, barrier;

comprise, contain, include,

blockade; siege

182

I^U- muh^ara

block, blockage, bar-

her; blockade; siege

obtain (J* s.th.); to auquire (J* s.th.); to collect (J* fees) X to procure for o.a.,
get (J* s.th.); to attain, receive, obtain s.th.) (J* s.th.); to acquire (J*

jL**i inhif&r reatrictednese, limitation,


confinement; (tobacco) monopoly

jy*-

malifr

blocked,

blockaded;

J^a hufl
cess);
s.th.);

setting in, occurrence, in-

beleaguered, besieged; limited, reBtricted,


confined (j to); narrow

cidence, happening (of

an event or pro(J*
of
s.th.); aoqui-

obtain ment,

attainment

achievement (Jp of
(

r.

hifrim

(coli.; n.

un.

*)

unripe and sour

aition

J* of

s.th.)

grapes
i

(ayr.)

_^ r ^ hafufa

(iL*- haf&fa) to

have sound

1U.W- hafUa

pl.

JJL*- haf'iP rest, recollected,

mainder ;

amount

proceeds,

judgment, be judicious, discriminating


i

returns; revenue, receipts, yield, income,

_'^

r ^ hafif

endowed with sound judg-

takings
J-y*-, betically
*J

ment, judiciouB, discriminating

Ly and iL*i_p- look up alphabox

-~-

ha?if

endowed

with Bound

judgment, judicious, discriminating


iL*httffa

L*- hagfla collection box, alms

sound judgment, judiJ^rf.

ciousness

mah$al

result,

outcome, upshot,

issue

\&

haQala u {J>-*- hufl) to set in; to be

there, be existent, ertant; to arise,

come
take

X-**- tahfil

pl. -t

attainment, obtain-

about; to result,
occur,
tranapire,

come out; to happen,

ment, gain; aoquisition {also of knowledge)


iea;
;

come

learning, studying, scientific studraising,

to

pass,

place; to happen, occui* (J to s.o.),


(J

come
to

collection,

levy(ing), call-

upon

s.o.), befall,

overtake (J

ing in (of funds, taxes) ; income, revenue,


receipts, returns, proceeds; resume,

s.o.);

sum-

originate,

emanate, derive, stera (j- from),

be caused, be produced

mary,
(j- by) ; to attain,

gist (of

a speech or opinion) ; j*

obtain, get, receive, acbieve (J* s.th.), s.o. or s.th.); to come int win

Jli

jl J-*U-I
. . .

Jr^ m Bummary,

it

may

be said

(J*

possession
permit),
collect,

seek (J* a (J* of B.th.); to

jJ>~**

tahfilgi (eg.)

J~-* muhatf

apply <J* for a permit); to recover (J* a debt), call in (J*


receive,

J^U hfil pl. J-*ly- hawtyW setting in,


occurring, taking place, happening; reBult,

funds); to
II

(J* s.th.) to cause s.th. (*) to happen or set in;

take in

outoome, sum,
;

total,

product (also
proceeds,

math.)

revenubs,

receipts,

to attain, obtain (* s.th.); to acquire


(* s.th., also

gain;

income,

returns;

crop, harvest;

knowledge); to

infer,

deduce

warehouse, storehouse, granary, depot,

{* s.th.); to collect (

fee, faxe, etc.),

magazine; main content, purport,


essence, substance
briefly, in short;

gist,

levy (a taxes, fees, etc.), call in (*


to Bummarize,
result

money)

(of
pl.

a speech); J-^U-1
produot(s),

aum up

(*

s.th.)

to

oS-U

(^

Crom),

come out (sum); to be


demanded; to be

yield, produce, production (econ.)

obtained, be attained; to be raiBed, be


levied, be required, be

J^* mahfl
result,

pl. -t,

J-*l* mahfiP
yield,

taken

in,

come

in (fees, taxes, funds);

outcome,

issue ;

gain
pro-

to be collected {taxea); to procure for


o.b.,

product,

produce; crop, harvest;

get

(J*

B.th.);

to attain, receive,

duction

183

J muha^fil ooUector ; tax collector


caahier; (bus, streetcar) conductor
J-o*i* mutahagsil yield, revenue, pro-

J~*- tafyawun securing,

safeguarding,

protection, protectedness

ceeds, receipt, returns


**-

(j-. froni)

j-rf muha$san fortified; entrenched; immune, proof (1 didda against)


i^jtjt

ha$una u (oL**- ha$na) to be inac-

muhfina,

muh^ana
Isl.

sheltered,

cessible,

be well
II

fortified;

to be chaste

well- protected,

chaste ;

of unblemished

(woman)

to

make

inaccessible (* s.th.);
;
,

reputation (woman;

Law)
(* B.th.);

to Btrengthen (* s.th.) to fortify entrench


(m s.th.); to

- IV to oount, enumerate
calculate,

to

immunize, make proof (xJ

compute

(* B.th. j-. from); to

didda against) IV to

make

inaccessible

debit, Charge

(* B.th.); to fortify, entrench {* B.th.);

to be chaate, pure (woman); to remain


chaste,

(J* * s.th. to s.o.'s account), hold (* s.th. J* against s.o.) | V *- (yuh$.) innumerable iS
lS

be

of unblemished

reputation

(woman) V to strengthen
protect
o.b.
;

one's position,
;

^- ha^an

(coli.)

pebbles,

little

Btones

to be fortified to be seoure,

L*.- haqh,

ly+-

hafwa

pl.

oLa*<

be protected

ha&tydt

little
|

stone;

pebble; calculus,

^u-

fyipn pl. j~*-

hufn

fortresa, fort,

stone (med.)

*Jy IL*- (bauliya) cystio

Castle, citadel, stronghold; fortification,

oalouluB; \j\jJu* ;L*- (fafrwiya) gall-

entrenohment ; protection
ing Fortresa

y'lU

j-o- Fly-

atone, biliary calculus

U
(bot.)

lS

ha$& lubn, 0UU**- rosemary

Ud- hifn pl. j***- hufun, iu**J ahfina


horse; stallion
|

^^Jl U**-

h.

al-bafyr

i$j~*~ haqawi atony, pebbly, gravelly


U**-l

hippopotamus;

^jlit.

U**- (bitkri) iron


h.,

ihq'
;

pl. -/

count,

counting;

horse; OL**- Ij* qwat

or L**- alone,

enumeration
statistios
|

calculation,
L**-l
i.

computation

horse power
,>-*- hafin inaccessible, strong, fortified, firm, secure(d),

SwJI
ihf'l

aa-sukkn census
(pl.

jL-*-l

atatiatic(al);

-n)

protected;

immune,
|

statistician

proof, invulnerable (.Li didda against)


**-! Jr**-' (fr*?)

stronghold

(flg.;

e.g.,
tp-

4JU**-I ihq&'iya pl. -l statistios

of radicalism)
J>~*i~\ji\

hadda u (hadd) and


J*
to),

II

to spur on, incite


( s.o.,

ab l-hu^ain fox
strength,

(* s.o.,

goad, prod

J* to

o U*bility ;

hagna

ruggedness,

do

B.th.)

forbiddingnesa, impregnability, inaccessiBhelteredness,

(j^*-

ha44

incitement,

inducement,

chastity

(of

prodding, prompting, instigation


(

woman); immunity
illnese)

invulnerability,

inviolability;

_r

iri*- had%d
foot

pl. ^jjkjt-

hudud, ^-1

(of deputies, diplomata; against

ahidda

of a

mountain; lowland;
|

perigee (astron.); depth; State of decay


tahpin
;

jwt^

pl. -t

fortification,

en-

Jl J>

to sink: low

(flg.);

Jl fj

trenchment

strengthening,

cementing,

LI

{(&JfcfcaA)toruins.th.completely,

solidification;

immunization

run
'u-

B.th. into

the ground
(*

uu**-l*0blameIessness, unblemished
reputation, integrity
(Isl.

fyadara

u (jj^~ hudr) to be present


(*

Law)

at),

be in the presence

of

s.o.);

to

184

attend (

s.th.);

to be present (* in
(#

s.o.'s

population,

town dwellers

(as

opposed to

mind), be readily recalled


take
part,

by

s.o.);

to

nomads)
iSjl hafari settled, sedentary, resnomadic, non-Bedouin, like

participate

(1Lt

majlisan

in a meeting); to come, get (Jl or #,

ident, not

to

s.o.,

to a place), arrive (Jl or * at a

urbanites; civilized; urban;


*jJ**-

town dweller

place); to visit (* a place), attend (* a

publio event), go {* to a Performance,


etc.);

ha^ra presence
. .

~*j~l*1

the

to appear (A*\ before a judge,

presence of
etc.,

.;

i-UI

/ ^J-

{'aliya)

His
of

Jl in, at),
o.e.,

show up

(Jl in, at);

to betake

Highness (formerly,

title

of the

Bey

go

(Jl,>. from... to);(:jUi- hafra)

Tunis); ftr**- respectful form of address,

to be eettled, sedentary (in s civilized


region, as
II

eep.

in letters; j^^jJI
Je

/-*-

cf.

oppoeed to nomadio existence)

Fr.

Monsieur

docUwr
visit,

to

ready,

make

ready,

prepare

(*

jjti hwjr presence;

partici-

s.th.,

also, e.g.,

pound),

a medicine = to Commake, produce, manufaoture


prepare (* a leason);
(

pation, attendance; (as one pl.

of^U-)

those present

*jj~**:

in his presence;

(* s.th.); to study,

<UjU jj~i>-

k. al-hafla

attendance of the

to

fetoh,

get,

bring

s.o.,

s.th.),
(

celebration ; j*Jl\ jj-**- A. ad-dihn presence

procure, supply (* s.th.);


s.o.),
{

to

settle

of mind; j jj(jur.)

Sj

j waraqat h.

summons

make
m

s.o.

{)

sedentary; to civilize
to give a lecture,
(

s.o.,

s.th.)

III

jjj-m*- hutfri: 5jjji*- ^Kj-I (afykm)

present s.th. in a lecture


lecture, give

to

s.o.);

to

judgments delivered in the presence of


the litigant parties after oral proceedings
(jur.);
(jur.)

a course of lectures IV to

fetch, get, bring (*,

s.o., s.th.), procura,


( s.o.,

L jj~i*- fiiufriyan contradictorily

supply
Jf

(* s.th.); to
|

take

* s.th.,

to a place)

** ,-i*-!

to have s.th.

with one, bring s.th. along


o.s.,

jUi. hcujAra civilization; culture; set-

to preparo
tledness, sedentariness

ready

o.a.,

get ready (J for); to

be ready, prepared; to become settled,

>**- ha4ira

pl. j-'lJw-

Jw^d'tr* a small
(specif.,

be sedentary in a civilized region; to be


civilized,

group of 6 to 12 people
smallest unit of
aection,

the

be in a state of civilization ; to
urbanized,

boy scouts

patrol);

become
presence

become
(

town

squad

(mtl.; Syr.)

dweller Till to
(

come

to

s.o.),

be in the

j*- majvjar presence; attendance, Coming,

of

s.o.);

to live in a civilized

appearanoe (of s.o.); assembly, meet-

region; pasa. uhtutfira to die


e.th. (*)
B.o.,

to have
(#, for

ing, gathering, Convention; (pl. _r*l*


hqlir*)

w
|

brought, to

call,

send
()

minutes,

official report,

proces-

for s.th.),
(*

have

s.o.

come; to
procura,

verbal, record of the faotual findings


*j}~\

Bummon
call

s.o.);

to

fetch,

j^A

m. al-jard inventory

listj^p***

supply, get, bring (* s.th.); to conjure,

4^

bi-mahfarin minhu in

s.o.'s

presence

up, evoke {* a spirit); to visualize,

jjj- tahfr preparing, ready ing, making


ready;
e.g., for
(pl.

envision, call to

mind

(* s.th.); to carry

-t)

preparation (J for; also


;

with pare

o.8.,

bring along (* s.th-); to pree.g.,

an examination) making, prepa-

(*,

a medicinal preparation)

ration, cooking {of food, etc.), production,

j- hadar a civilized region with towns

manufaoture

and
(as

villages

and a

settled

population

opposed to desert, steppe); settled

tive

s^ tahtfirl preparatory, prepara0*~W *&***& wJ-M (mu'aimin)


|

185

preparatory institutes for teachere, teachers* Colleges (Eg.)

,>**-

hadana u {hadn, Li*- hidna) to clasp


one's

in
pl. -<K lecture

arms,
bring
1

embrace, hug
up, raise
(

s.o.);

jjf[^

muhtpira

to

nurse,

a child);
hjna,

(Aatfn,

-^*-

hidn,

Li*,

jUi*-l ihdr procurement, supply, fetching, bringing

OjJi*{*

hudn) to hatch, brood, ineubate


bird)

an egg; of a
cling

VI to embrace one
another,
nestle

jJl- tahatfdur civilized

way

of

life

another,

to

one

jLij-l ihtujdr demise, death


jUi*-i-l
iatikdr making, production,
;

against each other VIII to clasp in one's

arms, embrace, hug

(*,

s.o., s.th.);

to

harbor in one's bosom (* feeling); to


hatch, concoct, contrive (* B.th.); to bring
up, raise
(

manufacture

preparation

summoning

r^jj^^ jLi^-l

istihdr al-arwh evoca-

a child)

tion of spirits, Bpiritism


,>*- hjln pl. Ui*-l

ahdn breast, bosom

^>U- hdir hvdr preaent


(pl.

pl.
;

jJk*-

huddar, jj~**^->Ui

(between the outstretched arms); armful,


that which can be carried in one's arms
j-il-L *iJ (qabilah) he reeeived
j

attending ;

the

present (time); prepared (J for); ready;

him with

jLU

huddr, *j~^- hadara) settled,


resident,
village

open arms; o\Ju\ jy and Li*-1

j amid,

eeden tary,
dweller, not
y-ili.1

or

town

among; with,
I_^~*ll

in the presence of (s.o.);

nomadio
|

^-iU-l

or cJjJl

j
h.

oU*-\

{fahr')

in the heart

at

preBent,

now;

_^AJI

j^*-

(or folds) of the desert; L*JLi-i

jo Jj-UI

al-fikr

quick-witted, quick
aJ

at repartee;

^U

she took

me

in her

arms
raising, bringing

(naqd) cash, ready

money
iiUi*- hidna,

hadana

j-il*-

hSdira

pl. jJ*\y-

hawdir* Capi(as

up,

nursing (of a child); hatebing (of


j

tal city,

metropos; city

a center

an e gg)> ineubation

i*LiJ-l jlj children's

of civilization)

home, day nursery, creche


Ov^*" hadin embraced, hugged, resting
in s.o. 's
Jr**

jj-* mahdr possessed, haunted or


inhabited by a jinni; demoniao
j*-

arms

muhaddir maker, producer, manu-

mahdan

pl.

jil*

mahdtn*

facturer; diasector {med.)


j-*\^>

children's

home, day nursery, creche


ihtidn

muh$ir

lecturer,

Speaker

uLijaecolade
~<-J>\p~

embrace,

bug(ging),

jj&- muhtfir court usher


j*c* mutahad^ir civihzed
j-*z4-

hdina pl. ^ij- hawSdin 1 nurse*

maid, dry nurse

mvhtadar dying, in the throes


j^-i*

of death, on the brink of death ; a dying

muhtafn embracing, hugging;

peraon; haunted or inbabited by a jinni;

tender, affectionate
J*>-

demoniac
_r*z' mustahdar pl. -dU preparation (ehem., pharm.) tj\js jJ^^i* (daw'%)
|

hafta
set

(haff)

to put, place, put down,


to take

down

(* s.th.);

down

(* a
di-

load,

brden); to lower,
(*

decrease,

medicinal preparation
j^r-**-

minish, reduce
preciate
(j-

or j* s.th.);

to de-

j*

hadramaut 2 Hadhramaut
hadraml pl. fjLi*- hatfrim 9

min qadrihi or *i*J j min


s.th.)
|

qimatihi the value of

JU^I

iu-

\j_fJk

man

(rihla) to halt,

make a

stop, dismount,

from Hadhramaut; Hadhramautian

(adj.)

encamp

(while travcling on

horsehack,

; ;

camelback,
to
sink,

etc.);

(M, ty^
drop

A*f*)

descend,

go down; to alight
{price)

amwj) short-wave transmitter Station; li^SI xSy iL* m. taulxd al-kahrab' and
iJ\jjjS'
JIL*'I

(bird); to land (airplane); to


II

iL* power plant


inhifit decline, fall, decay. de-

to put down, set down, take

off,

un-

load (* a load) VII to sink, descend, go

cadence;

inferiority

JlL*Vl

^l-*-'

down; to decrease, diminish; to decline, decay, wane VIII to put down, set down,
take

ihea al-inh. sense of inferiority

down

JIL*I inhiffi postclassical writer


(* .th.)

j. hatt(&ct of) putting or setting

down;

,L*^l.

munhatt low, base, low-level, low-

depreciation, belittling, derogation, dis-

grade; fallen, degraded (woman); mean,


vile,

paragement

(j*

of

s.th.);

reduction,
s.th.)

vulgr; inferior
i

diminution, decrease (<y of

Ja-

hafaba

to gather

nrewood

^J*-

&-

hifia alleviation, lief, mitigation

L.

{fl

hablikl) to support s.o., stand

abasement, debasement, demotion, degradation


(in

by

b.o.,

back

s.o.

up VIII to gather

rank,

dignity,

prestige)

nrewood

humiliation, insult, indignity

Jm^IL-

hafab

pl.

v -^1

ahib nrewood

jwl

dfyat lower

haffb

wood

gatherer;

wood-

U^

hafifa price reduction

cutter, lumberjack;
s.th.
ia

vendor of nrewood
fencing
(a
eg.)

W- mahaU
stop; pause,
Btrain,

place

at

which

tahfib

singlestick

put down or deposited; stopping place,


fermata, hold, concluding
|

populr game, esp. in rural areas;

cadence (mvs.)

JL1/I J** object

^UU hfib wood gatherer; woodcutter,


lumberjack; vendor of nrewood
|

,_.!&

of hope, that

on which
J#
<JK*

one's hopes are

pinned;
glances,

jltiV'

to attract the
o.s.
;

jj

ica-hfibi

lain

lit.:

like
i.e.,

one

who
does
is

draw attention to

^1 f

it^

gathers

wood

at night,

blindly, at

m. al-kalm sense, or meaning, of one's

random, heedlessly

(said of s.o.

who

not realise, or think about, what he


doing)

words
iL* mahafta
pl.

-t

stopping

place,
1 .

stop (also of public conveyances) ; Station,


post; railroad Station; broadcasting Station,

hafama

(hofm)

to break,

shatter,

smash, wreck, demolish

(* s.th.) II

I;

radio

Station

jLJI

Ji^*

L*

V to break, go to

pieces; to be broken,

m.

tahteil at-tayydr

transformer Station;
(al-l-

(^LiUI) liVi iL* m. al-ita


tion;

be smashed, be shattered; to crash (e.g., airplane, structure, etc.); to be wrecked


(ship) VII

Bkiya) broadcasting Station, radio Statransmitter (Station);

V
pl.

v-h>

*^
L* L*

UUsmaU
broken
*LU*-

hifma
piece,

jjbit,

hifam particle,
morsel;
s.th.

(ra'iiya) (railroad)

main Station;

oljLiVl m. al-iSrt signal post;

O O

shred,

JUj^I m. al-irsl transmitter (Station; radio); j^I iU-y^J iL* (li-l-arpd aljawunya) meteorological Station, weather
Station; -Ji^Jl IL*

hupm

debris, rubblo; fragments,

shards, broken pieces; wreckage, wreck


(of

m.

09-90*} (Eg.)

pump

a ship)

LJ JJ^ fLL- h.

ad-duny the
world,

Station (for dratnage) ; power plant ;


JLJii "b/l
j-l^.^1

receiving Station (radio);

O iL* O L*

ephemeral

things

of

this

the

vanities of the world

v<j 5-SL-V (l-silkiya qapirat al-

-U- haftm smashed, shattered, wrecked

Jtion,

iahflm

smashing,

shattering,

Compound, yard, pound, pinfold;


domain, realm
genit.) inside

oorral,
field,
foll.

wreoking, breaking, demolition, destrucdisruption


|

pen, paddock, coop; hangar, shed;


(fig.)
|

J-U-.l

Jt

"

.jji-

(with

icebreaker (naut.)

of,

within;
s.o.

jjji-

JI 4jjin-

|J^ tahaffvm crumbling, disintegracnuh (of an airplane); coUapae, breakdown


tion;

(jaiabah) to bring
fluence; cAJVJh

under one's

j\$i*. airoraft

hangara;

^XJI *jJ- A. al-qvd* Paradise

U.U. hifima:
(naut.)

O -J.I

<J.U- icebreaker

jjlK maAffir

interdicted, prohibited,

|J^ mu^atfim

forbidden (J* to s.o.); embargoed; pl. &\>Ji& forbidden things, reatriotions


crashing,

thundering,

roaring (of an explosion, etc.)

muAaf
(kdjiya)

(ji- and Jb.) Ji~ haziya a

(ijli-

huzwa,

/am broken (language)

hizwa) to enjoy the favor or good graces

UtA

muhatlima: L-iJ

Urf

ioebreaker (naui.)
Ji.

of s.o. {*), be in s.o.*s (x*) favor or good graces; to acquire, obtain, attain,
gain, win
(

s.th.)

$oa a
IV

(hazz) to be lucky, fortunate

=1

>!*-

huzwa, hizwa favored position,


benevolence; prestige, credit,
|

^ &$?
luck,

role of favorite; preoedence; favor, grace;


pl- J*!-

huzz part, portion,

good

will,

share, allotment; lot, fate, destiny;

good

Standing, respect, esteem

xs. \J*.

good fortune; afnuence, wealth,


|

(^aJ) to find favor with s.o.


*-!*-

fortune; prosperity; pleasure

j.

Ji-

ji
l-h.

haziya

pl. Ulli,

hazy paramour,

endowed withj and JU.I l^_Jii-I

Jiil

j_i ti-humi

miatress, oonoubine

fortunately, luckily;

tu' al-h.

bad luck, misfortune;

Ji* mahziya
tress,

pl.

-t

paramour, mia-

J-I

.^

ooneubine

sayyt' oi-A. unlucky, unfortuj-J

nate;

JiJ-l

unfortunately;

^*.
. .

^
.;

Ja- haffa

(haff) to

Surround (^

a,

s.o.,

Ji- luokily for me, fortunately; j. S"


jl
U**

s.th. with, also wj

and J,

s.o., s.th.),

J- he was
er*!

lucky in that he
is

W1* i>--'
is

he

no better

off

than

enclose, encompass, border (v, * s.th.); to depate ( a part of the body), unhair
(

ahe

the skin); to trim, clip (. the beard);


chafe,
*

Ji-U. Aafiz lucky, fortunate JijlK

to

rub
-**

off,

abrade

(*

s.th.)
|

jjr*"

ne

is is

the objeot of adthe center of atten-

maAzfif lucky, fortunate; con-

miring glances, he
tion, all eyes are
ha/t/) to rustle II
(Jj*->

tent(ed), happy, glad

upon him;

(^ji*.

Ji- hazara u

(Jiosr)

to fence in, hedge in

and VIII to Surround,


encom s.th.)

( s.th.); to forbid (<

prohibit (* J*
_

s.o.

J to s.o. s.th.), from doing s.th.)

a -' s.th.), encloBe.

pass, border (S

tj.

hibition, ban;

rw- hazr forbiddance, interdiction, proembargo

JLU- hijj side

^V**" h<*W rustle, rustling

jUi. hiz&r, hazUr wall, partition, screen

mihaffa (also mahaffa)

pl, -31 litter,

fence, paliaade, railing

stretcher; roller stretcher; sedan

j&sure,

hazira

pl.

,/lli.

hazSir* enclohedge;

JU- Ad/f:

JU

>. (jwtz) piain bread


it; tg.)

railing,

fence,

palisade,

(without anything to go with

188

iL-

hffa

pl,

-t

enclosure,

edge,

yU-

/ira
|

original

condition,

be-

margin; brim of a vessel; border, brink,


verge; fringe,
. il-fcarb

ginning

^U-l

x* on the

spot, right

hem

<
|

'!A'

~**^~

'

J*"

a^

away, at once; 4^iL- Jl

*j~j

to revert

on the brink of ruin


jLi*-l

to itB original State or origin

i*.

hafid

pl.

ahfd,

lAi*-

hafada

jjji*.

mahfr dug

inscribed, engraved

grandson; descendant, offspring, scion


.Li*- hafida granddaughter

carved
i*-

hafaza

(hafz) to pierce, stab (# s.o.,

<->

with the spear); to


i*.

incite, instigate, urge,

Aa/ara

(hafr) to dig (* s.th.); to drill

prompt, induce (J* or

Jl

s.o.

to s.th.)

(for oil); (a s.th.);

to excavate (archeol.); to carve


to engrave, etch
to dig trench.es;
(* metal)
j

to prepare

o.a.,

get ready, be ready,

beabout to do
s.th.

s.th. (J or Jl), set

out to do

jiL*-

_^i*-

S^A*- _^i*- (Au/*

(J or Jl); to get
start;

ready to jump,
to listen, pay

ratan) to prepare a pitfall, prepare

an

make a running
be ready (J
for)

anibush VII pass. of


ji*- hafr digging,

I;

VIII to dig

attention VIII to be about to do s.th.,

earthwork, excava-

tion (also archeol.); unearthing; drilling


(for
oil);

tahaffuz

preparedness, readiness;

oarving,

inscribing

(e.g.,

of

vim, dash, verve, sweep, elan


jiU- hfiz pl.
j>\f*-

letters);

engraving,

etching;

graphic

hawz 2 spur, drive

arts
(ayr.)

(etching,
jiJ-l
|

wood

engraving); scurvy
oil rig; oil
.

(Jfttodo s.th.), incentive(Jftto), initiative


mutahafflz ready, prepared (J for)
(At/?)

jl**- jahz al-h.

derrick
%j*-

hufra

pl.

j*- hufar pit; hollow,

i*-

haza a

to preserve (* s.th.); to

cavity, excavation; hole

protect, guard, defend(fl.o.); to observe,

ijj*-

hafriya
pl.

digging,
<^-l

excavation; excavations

bear in mind (*
s.th.),

e.th.),

comply

(*

with

gravure;

^jJ**"

be mindful, be heedful (*of s.th.);


to hold, have in safetake care (*ofa.th.);
);

(archeol.)

to keep up, maintain, sustain, retain,

uphold
jU*- haffr digger; engraver;
stone mason
|

(*

s.th.);

driller;

keeping

(* s.th.),

j^Jtll

jU*- gravedigger

to keep, put away, save, tore (* s.th

jj&- hafir dug,

dug

out, excavated,

to conserve, preserve (* s.th.); to retain


in one's

unearthed
j\J-

hafira

pl.

y'U*-

Ao/'tr"

s.th.

heart (* s.th.); to memorize, learn


heart,

memory, remember, know by by


(*
(*

excavated or unearthed;
(archeol.)

pl.

excavations

oommit to memory
reserve

s.th., esp.

the
1 jji-l vhfr pl. jU-l aA/tr s.th. ex-

Koran); to

*-iJ

for

o.a. s.th.);

to stay, discontinue^suspend
jur.)
\

(Jgi*dl a judicial investigation;


iil

cavated;
ji.

fossil; pl.

excavations (archeol.)
to
(*

*ki#-

may God proteot himl


in

JjjJL; -Wi*-

mihfar

pl.

jiU- mahfir* spade

hold
s.th.);

care

of

general J^u=

delivery
in

^U

^-jJl

(yuhfazu)

A/ir pl.
^ili-l

yU-l Jt
correspond

J]y- hawfir* hoof ^ij to coincide, happen to


|

care of general delivery, poste restante; Jt\ij\


lii>-

(uxtfaa) to be loyal to
s.o.
II

s.o.,

exactly;

^li-l

J* on the

keep faith with

to have

s.o. {*)

spot, right ftway, at once

memorize

{* s.th.) III to preserve,

keep

j^U

A^/tri ungular,

ungulate

up, maintain, uphold, sustain (J* s.th.);

189

supervise, control (J* s.th.), watch (J* over B.th.); to watch out <J# for), take care, be heedful, be mindful (J* of),

to

Li*- hifza anger,

indignation, resent-

ment, rancor
JiLi*-

look {J# after) t attend, pay attention (J* to); to keep, follow, observe, bear in

hifz pl.
|

-t

dressing, ligature,

bandage
napkin
Ji-i*-

lj

^ri-l

JiLi*- h.

al-ha} sanitary

mind
defend

(J*

s.th.),

comply
to
also

(J#

with),

conform
(*

{J*

to);

protect,

guard,

hafiz

attentive, heedful,

mind-

and J,
gall,

j*

s.th.)

IV to

ful;
B.th.)

preserving, keeping,

guarding (J*

vex, annoy,
( s.o.)
(_>
(_>

irritate,

hurt, ofiend

to keop up, maintain, preserve


;

ijj*- haflza

pl. .Uli*-

haf'iz 2 grudge,

s.th.)
s.th.),
(_>

to

obBerve,

keep

in

mind
with);

resentment, rancor
iixt

be mindful, be heedful, take


s.th.),

care

of

be concemed

(<_

mahfaza, mihfaza
folder,

pl.

-t,

JiiLrf-

to be cautious, be wary,

be on one's
;

mahz*

bag, satchcl, briefease

guard

to be reserved, aloof VIII to

to

have

diapatch case, portfolio; wallet, pocket-

reservations
(t_>

maintain, uphold
*sjk.

book
*^ mihfaza capsule
. Ji-i*

or * s.th.,

e.g,,

one's rights);
(._.

to

keep up, maintain, retain


e.g.,

or

*.

s.th.,

a posture, a characteristic)
(<_

tahflz

memorization

drill,

incul-

to take care, take over custody


s.o.),

of

cation (esp. of the Koran)


JLi*- hifz

protect, guard

(_

s.o.); to

defend

defense, protection, guard-

(against encroachment), hold, maintain


(<_

ing

(esp.

of cherished, sacred thingB);

a possession); to preserve, sustain,

continue, keep
possess
(_>

up

(._.

s.th.);

to

hold,

ests);

preservation, maintenance (J* of interkeeping, upholding (of loyalty),

s.th.);

to

put away, hold,


s.th.),

adherence (to u commitment)


iil*

have
(<->

in

safekeeping

(<_>

take care
(*_>

muhfaza guarding; safeguardprotection,

of s.th.); to keep, retain


Ji>-l

s.th.);

ing;

preservation;

iJ
priate,

defense;

to

keep
o.s.

for
(<_;

o.a.,

approconservation,
sustaining,

upholding,

reserve for

or

* s.th.),

take complete possession (* of)

retention,

maintenance
{pol.),

to

conservativism

to guard or protect {* or J* s.th.); to entrast J* or * to s.o. s.th.), (

ak

(J* of s.th.) conservative atti(

s.o. ()

tude; following, observance

J* of

B.th.),

com mit
s.o. (.)

compliance

s.th.

(J# or *) to the Charge of

(J*

with

s.th.),

adherence

(J* to); guarding (j* against mUfortune), saving (^ from misadven^ure); garrison
(mtl.); (pl. -l)

J*- hifz preservation


sustentation,

maintenance,
upholding;

governorate (one of five


divisions

conBervation,

administrative

of

Egypt,

in

protection, defense, guarding; custody,

oddition to 14 mudiriyt); office of the

safekeeping, keeping, storage; retention;

muhfiz (head of a governorate); province,

observance, compliance (with); memorizing,

any one of the larger administradistricts

memorization

meniory;

(;'ur.)

dis-

tive

(Syr.)
;

^-iJl

continuance, stay, Suspension (of legal


action,

seif- preservation

Lil^l

J* ~*L*U\ ^mx. ma4hab

of

judicial

investigation)
|

ahm. conservative movement, conservativism, Toryism

jUVl

J*jU-

preservation of ancient
'<**}\

mon-

uments
hygiene,

(Eg.);

JijUJiiJ-l

h.

a$-?\hha
police

J*

tahaffuz

caution,

wariness,

re-

Banitation;

JU,

straint, reticence, reserve, aloofnesa;

; ;

(pl.

-Ol)

precaution,

precautionary

>

mutahaffif vigilant, alert, wary,

measure; reservatio!!, Uroiting condition,


conditional stipulation, proviso
|

oautious; retioent, reserved, aloof; staid,

Jii*Jl

sedate

with

fll

reservation
lahaffuzi
|

jLtoU mustahfaz
.

pl. -t

reserve (m.)

J*
ventive

precautionary,
*Uj.l
(ijr't)

prepre(?uiA)

Uii*
before
{jur.)

Ji- hafala

(ha)

to

gather,

assemble,

cautionary measures;
settlement settlement

J*

^L

oongregate; to
replete,

flow

copiously; to
(-

be

action,

preventive

teem, superabound
attend,
s.th.),

with);
one's
o.s.

to

pay attention, mind (u or J to

give

concern

JiUi-l ihtifz guarding, safeguarding

(^

with),

preaervation

retention,

maintenance,

stre

make much (v of), set great (- by) ** Ji*. V (hafla) indifferent,


|

eontinuation, conservation, defense, protection,

of no consequence

II

to adorn, decorate,

vindication,

sustaining,

up-

ornament
rally,
s.th.,

(-

m s.th. with) VIII to gather,

holding; keeping, holding, safekeeping,

cuBtody (v of

s.th.)

throng together; to oelebrate (v s.o.); to conoern o.s. (^ or J

JkiU- hfif keeper, guarder, guardian,

with), attend,

pay attention, give one's

oustodian,

caretaker;

(pt. -ULi*-

hujf&f,

mind (^

or J to s.th.); to honor, wels.o.)

<k- hafaza) one

who knows

tbe Koran

come, receive kindly (^


*Ji-

by heart (formerly an
lLhatofiz*)

bonorific epithel)

ha

gathering,

meeting, assem-

hza memory;
wallet,

held

bling;
(pl.

assembly,

congregation, throng,

J|>*-

pocketbook:

money

orowd ; performanoe, show, publio event


celebration; feast, feetival

order {Sg.)

UbjJtt-

hafla

pl. -t

assembly, gathering,

mahfz

kept,

in

saf-

meeting, congregation; party; (social or


keeping, deposited, guarded, preserved;

memorized, committed to memory,


conserved,

publio) event; show, Performance (the*


etc.;

ater,

cinema); conoert; festirity, oerefestival,

preserved

(food);

reserved;

ensured, aecured,

safeguarded;
;

mony,
pl.

festive

event,

celebra-

O lU^i* canned goods, oonserves


|

tion

archives

Jub)l jU-

commemoration, oomfor
(fiW)

memorized materia), what s.o. knowB by heart iy^ll oll->il j\* the Egyptian Public Record Office; U^i*

memorative ceremony
person
;

deceased
premiere

^ji

iUA- I

0*^TL
-;

UiU- U- numerous assembly; j/*- *Lu(frairiya)

oharity
Li*-

Performance,
A.

charity
funeral
(cttntya)
li*-

oonBerves, canned goods; XU^i* j^iA-l


all

event;
rights reserved

jiJJI

ad-dafn

ceremony, obsequies; S-i Ui*Jiil*

muhfiz eupervisory, Controlling;


s.th.),

religious

ceremony, Divine Service;


_^-- Li*- A.

observing ( J
etc.;

oomplying ( J* with),
{pol.),

/aU and

amar evening party,


^jjl
A.

conservative

OjiL^I

the

soiree; vti-*
iflJl

*^~ motion-picture show;


tea

Conservatives, the Tones; keeper, guarder,

Li-

party;

Li*-

guardian, custodian, caretaker, Super-

oi-'urff

wedding;

jLJt-1/l Lu*^**~

(public)

visor,

Superintendent; mayor; governor


title

reoeption; ji^-f*

ooncert

(Kg.

of the chief offioer of


:

a govassiduous, diligent Js**- Aa/iJ eager,

ernorate ; Syr.
ince)
;

chief officer of a prov-

director general, president

(=

Brit.

Ji* wwA/

pl.

J*U maAd/1

assembly,

governor)

congregation, meeting, gathering; party;

191

body, collective wholc;

circle,

quarter
|

ineumbent (J* upon


for s.o.); to be
is

s.o.);

to

be ade-

J>-L

J-i*

Masonic lodge;

i^r*^!

Ji^i

quate, suitable, fitting, appropriate

{5-IjJI) (rasmiya, siysiya) the official


(political) circles or

due (J

s.o.);

*I

^
it;

(J*-

he
J-

quarters

entitled to

it,

he has a right to
it

JLk-1

ihtifl pl. -t celebration, cere-

4-L he deserved

(punishment);

u
{

mony,
JiUfll
<

featival, festivitiea

to ascertain (* B.th.),
(*

make
(*)

sure, be sure

of s.th.);
II

to

recognize,
s.th.

ha

identify

pl. Ji. ^ujflW, Jil,^ luiwfil 2


filled,

s.o.)

to

make

come

true; to

of),

replete

with);
fre-

realize (* s.th., e.g., a hope), carry

out

abundant,
quented,

copious,
well

Iaviah ;

much

(* e.g., a wish), carry into effect, fulfill,

attended

(by

viaitors,

put

into

action,

consummate,

effect,

partieipants, etc.),

numerous

(of attend-

actualize (* s.th.); to

implement

(* e.g.,

ance); soleran, ceremonial, festive

an

agreement);

to

produce, bring on,

hfa

pl.

-t,

Jil^

haivfil 2

yield (* results); to determine, ascertain,


find out, pinpoint, identify (* s.th.); to

O
in

autobus

Ji*

muAto/t/: j^Lc^l the partieipants

prove

s.th. (*) to

be true, verify, establish,

a festive event, the celebrators Jii# muhtafal assembly place, gather-

substantiate (* s.th.); to confirm, asaert,


aver,
exaet,
(a in

avouch,

affirm

(*

s.th.)

to

be

painstaking,

meticulous,

careful

ing place; party;


ji-

* JA:* celebrated

doing

s.th.), e.g., _^iJI ji.

(nazara)

hajana u to scoop up with both handa

to

look

closely;

to

study,
s.th.),

examine,
look,
in-

{* s.th.); to give a ttle (J to s.o.)

investigate,

explore {*

i*. a/na pl. hafant handful


J

quire (* into s.th.); to verify, check {*


or

s.th.);

to

investigate
official

(j

s.th.;

<>*-

and

Jj-) Jj-

Aa/Jya a

(Sjli*-

kafwa)
to
(i_j

police);

to

make an

inquiry (*

to

reeeive

kindly

and

hospitably,

into s.th.), Institute an investigation (*

welcome, reeeive with honors, honor


s.o.)

of or into; court; fr.); to interro^ate (*


s.o.),

V to behave with

affection,

be
to

conduet a hearing (** of contend for a right


(

s.o.; jur.)

affectionate

(^ toward)

VIII

do.;

III to

with

s.o.),

celebrate

{^ an

occasion, a festival)

contest or litigate a right

against s.o.)

hafly welcoraing, reeeiving kindly,

IV to
s.th.);

teil

the truth; to be right (j in

greeting
jLi-

(^

s.o., s.th.)

to enforce (* s.th., e.g., a legal

hajwa friendly reeeption, wels.o.)

claim)

V to prove

true, turn out to

be

coming, welcome, Balutation {^ of


Lji-I

true, be confirmed, prove to be correct;

to
ihtij'
(._>

materialize,

become a

fact ;

to

be

reeeption, welcome, sal-

realized,

be effected, come into

effect; to

utation
'j*- hafi-ya

of

s.o.); celebration, festivity

be examined, be explored; to ascertain


(*
s.th.,

(Li*- fyaf*)

to

go barefoot; to

also j-),

make

sure, reassure

have sore

feet

o.s.,

gain proof, convince

o.s.,

be convinc-

LJ>.

hfin pl. ili. hufh barefoot(ed)

ed, be sure, be certain (* of s.th.); to

check, verify (* or ,y s.th.); to be serious

haqqa

to be true,

tum

out to be true,

(l->

about

s.th.)

to be entitled,

have a
lay

be confirmed; to be right, correct; (also


pass. huqqa) to be necessary, obligatory,
requisite,

claim (* to B.th.); to claim (*

s.th.),

claim (* to); to deserve, merit (*

s.th.),

imperative (J*

for

s.o.),

be

be worthy

(*

of);

to require,

demand,

necessitate,
fall

make

requisite (* s.th.); to

U* huqqa

pl.

JJU- Au^o?, JU*- hiqq,

due, become payable (sum of money),


;

U*-I aAf? small box, case, pot or jar;


reeeptacle,

mature, become due (note)


s.o.) IjTill Jm:-,* (iikra)

to be due

Container;

(pl.

-t,

ji*.

worth mention*J*

Au^of) a weight (Syr. t Pal.)

l uqqa;

ing,

noteworthy;

fj\

fr-'

*l/

iJ^JUJ U*fr-\

1.280 kg

(Ir.)

(rasmu) not subjeot to a fee, free of

ahaqq* worthier, more deserving


(<-?

Charge
(i_*

of s.th.); more entitled

to B.th.)

rightneas; fr- a^j truth; correctness, rightful posseasion, property; one'a due;

j-S*- Aoftg pl.

UM
s.th.),
(<->

ahiqqd' 2 worthy,
fit,

deserving

(_>

of

competent,

duty; proper manner; true, authentic,


real; right, fair

qualified ; entitled

to)

and reaaonable;

correct,

Bound, ralid; jA-l an attribute of God;


(pl.

<JL-

Ao^Iga pl. jJU*- kaq'iq* truth,

3y*-

hxtqg) right, title, claim, legal

reality (also pAo*.); fact; the true state

claim (j to); JjiJ-t law, juriaprudence,


legal Bcienoe ;

of affairs, the facta ; true nature, essence


real

haqqan

really, in reality,

meaning,

true

aense;

haqtqatan

in effect, actually, in fact, indeed, truly,


in

really, in reality, in effect, actually, in


fact, indeed, truly, in

truth;

justly,
is

rightly,

by

rights

truth

oLi*- J ol>
it

?iilj

that (really) soT reallyT

j*

aaw

its

true nature, as

really

is;

justly, rightly,

by

rights; ji-U truly, in

^\
UJu

U-I.
<J

in reality, really, actually;


it

reality, actually; properly, appropriately,

^-J

does not really exist,

it is

in
fr-

a suitable manner;

fr.,

bi-haqqi

and
to,

not real
JJ- haqiqi real, true; actual; proper,
intrinsic,

as to

. .

.,

aa for

. .

with respect

conceming, regarding; fr- J* j* he ifl in the right; iL** ji-t you are right; ji-1
Tjljr-

essential;

genuine; authentic;

positive

you are wrong; iLl* fr- y> it i your duty; SU* J- ti* you owe this to me; 4-i* LJ- litt^* ft'r/dnan) in reCognition of

Jji-

huqqi

juristic(al);

(pl.

-n)

Jurist, jurisprudent,

lawyer

what he owed
it, it ia

he
jl

is

entitled to

bis due;

her; *5- fr fr S"

Li*-t ahagqiya legal claim, title, right

Jli*-

kaqq&nl

correct, right,

proper,

- he should have..., he ought to

sound, valid, legitimate, legal


JU*-

have...;

jA-1

<J

he

is

entitled to ...;

Jli jilj (yugdJ) one


admitted,
it's
.

may

aay,

it

must be

haqqnlya justice, law

jtjj
|

only fair to aay, say what

4JUM

Miniatry of Justice (formerly Eg.)

you
oal

will

.,

...

though
^11

(as

a parentheti<Jj*
(<*??

phrase) ;
r

fr-

effeotuation, Implementation;
(of

J_i* tahqlq realization, actuab'zation, fuUUlment a claim, of a wish,


etc.);

l-ma

rifa)

certain,

to know ezactly, know for know very weil, also ^\ fr- ^


;

achievement,
ascertainveriaf-

accompliflhment,

exeuution ;

(haqga l-'ilm)

^1

fr-

fakima kaqqa

ment, determination, identifioation,


fication;

l-fahm

to

understand

precisely,

comaware;

substantiation ;

asaertion,

prehend

thoroughly,
II

be

fully

firmation,
precise

confirmation;

pinpointing,
ao(.

UM
3jkL\

JjU
Ltf"

(w'ia)
Jh*Wiyo(

true
aJ-A.

happiness;

determination ;
precision;

exaetness,

law

school,

curateness,

(=

jkJl J-i*

faculty of law
fr- huqq hollow, cavityj Joint (anat.); also

an-nuf) precise pronunciation ;

(pl.

socket of a

t)

verification,

check,

checkup,

in-

U*- huqqa

veatigation; offioial or judicial inquiry,

193

inquest
that
...,

JJmJI

it is

a matter of faot
...; J-*uII

mutahaqqiq convinced, sure, cer-

it is

certain that

J*

tain, positive
"

properly

speaking,

striotly

speaking,
J*

actually; exactly, preoiaely; positively,


definitely; J-a^ull .u properly speaking,
striotly speaking, actually; V.^^AJl
*.

*
|

mustahiqq entitled;
(of
-UI

olaiming;
deserving,

beneficiary

wakf);

worthy

j^u*

m.

ad-daf due,

jJu:

payable (sum)

a&-fafy&ya identifioation (of a person),


<_

proof of identity;
Sahdat
t.

JJI

jj^

j^L^*

i-

VIII to put into one'B bag, to bag (*

aS-iak^ya

identity
(.

oard;

s.th.)

i-^i^Ui jJui
identifioation; identifioation;

^zZom
JlJI

a&j*.
f..

bureai of
a4-$tlya

vi*- hvqb pL

jJw:

-*-' oAfffr

-**-

^*?fl

long stretch of time, long period


*-**-

JJ*sII

^l ezamining
hiqba pl.
(_Jl*.

Jjj* realization of profits (stock market)

magistrate;

^IjjVI

hiqab long time,


|

stretch of time; period, age

L.jJl

j*

hiqbatan

min ax-zamn

for quite

a time,

J-I
haqq
(so)

\hqOq;

jJi

UliJ

ihqqan U-l-

for Borne time


<_-Jt#-

that truth

may

prevail

haqab

pl.

^L-I ahab a kind of

<j*

tahaqqvq ascertainment, making

ornamental belt
<-

sure ;

con viotion,

certainty,

certitude
r>\3k-

hiqb pl.

<-~-

hvqub a kind of

verification, check,

cheokup
pl.

ornamental belt
worthiness,

JUcJ

istihqq

-t

i1*- haqiba
L._jLi

pl. t^JU*.

Aafd*j6 a valise,

deservingness, meritj one'B due or desert;

suitoase, traveling bag; leather

bag

i-JU^
..

maturity, payability, falling due (of a

diplomatic

pouch

j^JI

sum
tion

of money); re-olaiming or caliing in

portemonnaie, change purse;


al-yad ladies' purse, handbag

jJI 4 ,, 5 r- A.

of s.th. due,
(Ial.

demand

of a right; vindicaI

Law), replevin, detinue

j*
oi- haqida
feelings
a,

ducJ
date

deservedly, juatly,

by

rights;
j!j"

haqada

(haqd, hiqd) to harbor

J*j>l j> undeservedly;


of maturity
(e.g.,

JLu^Vi
of a

bond);

of hatred (J* against) IV to incite to hatred or resentment, embitter,


( s.o.)

JU1I

JUu^VI

(Ivbnnl)

name of a

envenom
another

I;

VI to hate one

Lebanese order

3j mahqq worthy, deserving


J
of),
;

- hiqd
(cj,

pl.

jU*-1 ahqd, iji*- hugd

fit,

oompetent, qualifying
at
fault,

for)

wrong,

J on the wrong
(o*,

hatred, malice, spite, resentment, ranoor


Si-i-

haqida

pl. jJUu- haq'id*

hatred,

track

malice, spite, resentment, rancor


investigator;

Ji^ muhaqqiq Jit muhaqqaq

inquirer;

iji- haqd
ous

fll

of hatred, spiteful.

examining magistrate
sure, certain,

resentful, malicious, malevolent, raneor-

beyond

doubt, unquestionable, indubitable; assured, established, aocepted, recognized


ul
I

JU hqid
ous;
pl.

fulJ

of

hatred,

spiteful,

resentful, malicious, malevolent, rancorXi.

ji^l j*
. .

it

is

certain that

...,

it is

haqada malevolent people

fact that

J*- haqara

(haqr) to despise, scorn, disdain


s.th.);

j<

muhiqq

telling the

truth, in the

( s.o.,

to look

down

right, being right

have a low opinion

(*, of);

hagura u

(*, * on),

to be low, base, contemptible, despicable to


II

to suppresB, represa, restrain (* B.th.);

+>o

be

despised,

degraded,

humiated
( b.o.),

keep to

o.s. {^,-JI tu-airra

the secret)

to to

to disparage, decry, depreciate

spare (*o
give
(

damah

b.o.'s

blood or

life);

detract, derogat ( froin s.o.); to degrade,

b.o.)

an injection (med.) VIII to


(esp. blood); to suffer
'

debase,

humble,

humiate;

to

regard

become congested
clyster; to

with contempt, deBpise, scorn, disdain


{

from strangury; to take an enema, a be injected


|

s.o.,

* B.th.)
( s.o.,

VIII to despise, scorn,


* s.th.), look

<|*-j t>i-l (waj-

disdain

down
(

(*,

Huhu) his face was flushed, his face turned


red

on)

to

regard
disdain,

as

contemptible
s.o.,

or
*

despicable,
B.th.),

despise
*

y&sparing
_JL.jJ
;

haqn

retention,

withholding;
(

look

down

{*,

on)
huqar* % low, bae,

injecting ,

injection

med. )

jj&- haqir

pl. l^i-

LJU-

kaqnan li~dim'ihim
their

in order

mean, vulgr,

vile; Uttle, small, paltry,

to

Bpare

blood

-0 j_^JV

ji*-

inconsiderable, poor, wretched, miserable;

intravenous injection (med.)


*ii*-

despised; despicable, contemptible


J**-\

huqna

pl.
(

ji*-

huqan injection

aAgar* lower, baser,

more con-

(med.); hypodermic; clyster;

enema
mahqin*

temptible
!jU>- haqra lowness, vulgarity, baseneas, vilcness,

oi
meanness; Bmallness, palwretchedconLI^-I
iht.

mihqana

pl.

J>^

syringe (med.)
ihtiqn congestion
p-di b\Jt*-\
\

triness, insignificance, poorness,

ness,

miserableness ;

despicability,

ad-dam vascular congestion


muhtaqan
reddened

temptibleness; ignominy, infamy

J}c.

by blood

jj&

tahqtr

contempt, disdain, scorn;

congestion, flushed, red (face)


jji-

degradation, humiliation, abasement


jLi*-i ihtiqr

haqw
|

pl.

Li*-

hiqa

U-l

ahqjS loin,

contempt, disdain, scorn

groin

*ij*-

-i-Li

faddada haqwaihi to

gird one's loins

regard

b.o.

with contempt, look

down
i^UAaifcfea

(Aaitl-)

to rub, chafe; to scrape;


off,
|

one's nose at s.o.


to Scratch; to rub
JicJ-

scrape

off,

Scratch
(^oirtAi)

muhtaqar despised; contemptible,

off, it

abrade (*

s.th.)

jju

j iU-

despicable

iinpressed him, affected him, touched

Ji- haql

pl.

J>i- huqul field


|

(also fig.

s.th. inside

him IV
(->

to itch

V to rub

o.a.,

domain); column

Jj^Jl J>5-

oil fields;

scrape,

chafe

against);

to pick a

c^jjl JJto- h. az-zait, .UiJl JA*- h. an-naft


oil field; oil

quarrel
against

(^ with
each

s.o.)

VI to rub or scrape
VIII to

area;

<_->jU^!l

Jji-

expen-

other
(<->

rub

o.s.,

mental

fields;

Jb_^T

J**-

(kahrab'i)

scrape, chafe
tact, in

against); to be in con-

touch

(<_>

with)

jX*

electric field

<sh-\

(padrihi) it

impressed him, affected him,

Ji*- haqli field- {in Compounds)


ililrf

touched
still

s.th. inside

him

muhqala

aale

of grain while

in

growth, dealing in grain futures

(UU

iU-

halck

rubhing, chafing; friction;

soratching

Law)

'&* hikka
ja*,

itching; Scabies, itch {med.)

haqana

(haqn) to hold back, withiJl*-

hold, keep back, detain, retain (* s.th.);

hakkk lapidary

105

^
a.th.); to

til*
Jic}\

mihakk touchstone;
iii^

teat

Jp

**$

take

(^

s.th.) as

a Standard or
power,

tabata

al

m.

in-naxar

to

norm
over),

to

have

judicial

have

stand a
iS^rf-

critical test

Jurisdiction,

have authority (Jp and


to order,

mt'Aaa currycomb

govern, rule,

dominate, control

ilUi taA<5 (reciprocal) friction

(Jp or
s.th.);
s.th.,

s.o.);

command
curb
fi*.

{_>

to
s.o.)

bridle,
|

check,

(,

ilK^-l tAJtfeH;
tion ;
(fig.,

pl. -i

(reciprocal) fric;

f!.L^L

-L

{hukima,

close

touch or oontact

friction
j

i'dm) he was sentonced to death; <JliL>

diasenaion, oontroversy)
gairi ht. frictionless

ji.

(bi-iddnaiihi) to convict a.o., find

i]&>-l

min

s.o. guilty(j'ur.); j'J^

f-

(bi-bar'atihi)
(. s.o.)

*fj^
e

muhakkak

chafed,

worn away
hukak

to acquit a.o. (jur.) II to appoint


as mler; to choose
( s.o.)

as arbitrator,

i#- kuklca {tun.,

huqq)

pl. )$i>.

make
a.th., s.o.);

a.o.)

the judge (j over or in


III

small box, case, pot or jar


_*- VIII to buy up, hoard and withhold,

jy between)
( b.o.);

to proaecute

to arraign, bring to trial, hale into to interrogate, hear


( b.o.)

court

corner (* a commodity); to monopolize


(*

IV to make

(* s.tb.) firm, strong, sturdy,

a commeroial

article)
s.th.),

to bare exclusive

solid; to fortify (* s.th.); to atrengthen,

posaession {* of
(*

hold a monopoly

consolidate
expertly,

(*

s.th.);

to

over

do

well,

do
be

s.tb.)

master
|

(*
<-r.l

field,

work),

jS^p- Aikr,

hukr and

^X

;^#- 1 ujrat al-h .

proficient (* in)

CJ

{amrah) to

ground

rent, quitrent

do

s.th.

thoroughly, carefully, properly;


to lock

jp- hakar, hukar hoarded


_*-

vUl
;

Jii ^-1 (qafla l-bb)

the

huhu

hoarding (of gooda)

mo-

nopoly
jjS
t-

door firmly; oJ -l (lugatan) to master a language V to have one's own way (j in), proceed (j with) at random, at will,
handle
(j
a.th.)

hlcra small vegetable garden

arbitrarily;

to

pasa
o.s.

jti-l ihtikr pl. -t

comering, buying
position;

arbitrary judgment (j on); to

make

up;

monopoly;
ai-bunn
iht.

preferential
^]l
|

supremacy, hegemony
iht.
t.

lj\jf

JS<*-\

tbe judge (Jp of), pass judgment (J* on); to decide (l-> on); to rule, reign, hold

coffee-trade

monopoly;

away
(J
(j

(j

over);

to

dominate, control

jjl

jfc-l

as-sukkar sugar monopoly


rapacious,
grasping,

s.th.),

be in control, be in

command
to)

of)

VI to bring one another before


(f~\
Jl);

^jKc-!

iktikrt

the judge
for

greedy
^*-

to appeal (Jl

a legal decision; to be interrogated,


(in court)

hakama u
(Jp s.th.,

(huJem)
{

to
Jp,

pasa judgment,

be heard

VIII to have one's


(j

express an opinion

on

s.th.),

judge

own way
arbitrarily,

(j in),

proceed

with, in
s.th.)

by, from); to decide, give a

s.th.) at will, at

random, handle (j
arbitrarily;

decision, pasa

verdict, posa sentence

judge

to

rule,

(Jp on); to aentence (Jp s.o., l> to a penalty ; said of the judge), impose,
inflict
(l->

reign, hold

sway
in

(Jp,

over); to be in

control,

bo

poasession

a penalty) on

s.o.

(Jp);

to

appeal

(Jl to) for

(Jp of); to a legal decision, seek


b.o. (Jl)

pronounce a verdiot or judgment, deliver judgment, rule


(J

a decision (Jl from), have

decide

in

s.o.'s

favor);

to
a.o.

to be strong, aturdy, solid, firm; to


atronger,

adjudicate, adjudge,

award (u J to

bccome

be

strengtnened,

be

^
conaolidated; to take root, be or

196

become
(feeling,

has

its its

deep-rooted, deep-seated, ingrained, inveterate,


trait)

by

own set of rulea, muat be judged own Standards; >K*-1 jjj-i (li-4necesaity

marked, pronounced

darra)

has

its

(own)

rules,

(approx.: neceasity

knowB no law)

<*.

Kuhn

pl.

(&-I ahkm judgment,


decision;
(legal)

i^- huhni legal


(

valuation,

opiniou;
verdict,

j!jX-

(eg.;

pronounced hikimdr) com


polioe

judgment,
nation,
justice;

sentence;

condemof

mandant; chief of

conviotion;
Jurisdiction;

administration
legal

3jjU&-

oonsequenoe

(ff.;

pronounced hikimdriya)
office
(ISC*.

commandant's

of the facta of a oase

{Isl.

Law) ; regulation,

rule, provision, order, ordinance, decree;

C'**-

AaJfcom pl.

Aufeim arbitrator,

judicjousness,

wisdom; judgeahip; oomcontrol,

arbiter; umpire, referee

mand,
Statutes,

authority,

dominion,
pl.

power; govemment, regime;


by-laws,

^S*-i

f*sagacity; philosophy; maxim; rationale,

hihma

pl.

hikam wisdom;

regulations,

rulea,

underlying reason

"Si- (with foll. genit.)

provisions, stipulations, principles, pre-

on aocount
i^preasing

of,

beoause of

cepta;

l&- hukman virtually;

legally

*
^p*.u]l

bi-hukmi

by

virtue

of,

on

hihni

gnomio, aphoristio, ex|


{

the

atrength of, pursuant to;

by

maxims

foree of;

J&\ j*^

(&' r ) gnomio

aa

good

ae, all but, e.g.,


it is

^- jj

poetry
'S*bridle)

(/{

huhmi l-'adam)
it is

aa good as

kakama

pl. -i bit

(of a horse's

nothing,

practically
/

nonexistent;

jj\

C- j

p-l afbaha

huhmi l-mw

,*-

haHm

pl.

p\S^~

hukama*

wise,

garrar

it is all

but decided;

^- j jf
*C- J*
J>"
j*- . oJ-

judioious; wise

man, sage; philosopher;

^iJI also :

to be subject to s.th. ;

physioian, dootor

to give in, yield to s.o.; U\jJA

bar'a

aoquittal;

&**- f~

(AttfH)

^L*

hahimb senior physioian,

judgment delivered

in the presence of

chief aurgeon

the litigant partiea, after oral prooeedings (jur.); f1u*Vlj J-I {i'dm) death
sentenee;
default

ojS^- hukma

pl. -i

govemment

jU

*- (Qiybi) judgment

by

jjS^- huhmi
ernmental;

of govemment, govstate-owned, atate-

(jtir.);

JM

official;

determination,

fX\ autonomy

(#W)
{pol.)
;

selff-i1

oontroDed, of the state, state- (in Com-

pounds)

^j^J-l {jumhri) the republican form of govemment, the republioan regime;


jlUI

J ahkam1 wiser

fX\

(mitflog)

the

absolute,

i.e.,

"*

mahhama
|

pl.

fV

mahkim*
al-

authoritarian, regime;

jUl U
al-Ji.

{niyabi)

oourt, tribnnal
irti'nf

JiLIi-Vi

"&* m.

the

parliamentary

regime,
lajnat

parliamen-

court of appeal, appellate oourt;


(ahliya) indigenous court (Eg.;

tarianism; &-I

U-

board of

<J>t

'*&

examiners, review board; Vj*" ^^*-"^' ('urfiya) martial law; Jll (&*-l (in*
tiqtlya)

Jurisdiction

limited

to

Egyptian

na-

tionale); UIjijI
flrst

**
i.JS'

(ibtida'iya) court

of

provisional

regulations

(jur.);

inatance;

yljijl

"*& (hulya)

bt
(jur.)i

*l-l

{fatmlya) final regulations


(ifpa)
special

civil

i*U (&-I

reg-

oourt with Jurisdiction in cases of major importance, at the same time


inatance

ulations;

*&

J&

(n) every age

appellate

of XJ/f

}^

t^ffO

197

cA
pK*=-l

V>r
of

**

(juz'iya) in Eg.,

lowest court
diatrict

istihk&m

intensiflcation,

in-

both

5JU1

fl*
of

(approx.:

crease, strengthening; consolidation, stabilization


;

courts)

and

Le^Jl

fU

canonical

fortification ; pl.

oUowi-1

for-

courta (with Jurisdiction in marital


fatnily

and l* fl*

tifications

mattere);

summary

court;

OLU-I m.
with
talita)

^L- hkim

al-jinydt criminal court;


(Safffiya)

L*iJl Jlj*-Vl

ruling, governing; decisive;

(pl. -fin, |lx-

courts dealing

hukkm) ruler, sovereign


^*Li
|

vital statistics;

Lkjt

l&

govemor; judge

(muk*

jfL.

(bi-amrihl)
,.1*

mixed

court

(with

autocratic; autocrat, dictator;

TLh.

Jurisdiction

over resident of foreign nationality)


kj-jS

fmm) governor
^LJI
i-P-UI
h.

goneral; lljLil

fL;

<X*

al-mubrh umpire, referee

(Sar'iya)

(athlet.)

canonical

court

f L-

(administering justice on the basis of the


Sharia),

offulh (Syr.) justice of the peace;


h.

court

dealing

with

family
{mar*

f\m-

an-nhiya (Tun.)

district

mattere of Muslims;
kazly)

ijjSy.

<^

magistrate

county

court,

dealing

with
(Eg.);

*S U- hdkimiya domination, dominion,


rule, sovereignty; judgeship, judicature,

minor
^j'aVl

offenses, esp.

misdemeanora

Lull

m. al-gad' al-idrl
j^'JI

Jurisdiction
*?l* (_>*

(tr.)

administrative court; (I^Vij

<5^

mahkm
to

'alaihi

m.

an-naq4 wa-hibrm Court

sentenced (^
(i'dm) thoee

of Cas-

to)
|

pl4*Vl*

^J* fjS^I
death;
to
fail

sation, the

highest court of appeal in

sentenced
(faJtal)

Egypt;

Jf\ ** Court of Cassation

JJLj

J*

rj&-

{Syr., Leb.

doomed

Ij-Vlj

uijd **

in Eg.);
fit-

*UI

oU-U

tribunals
ar-

muhakkam

pl.

-n arbitrator, ar-

{*' tahkim appointment of an


bitrator;

biter; umpire, referee (j in, over)

arbitration;
pl.

arbitral

deciaion,
|

f* muhkam
masterly,

strengthened, reinforoed;

award;

ol^"

fortifications

-*
iL

firm, solid, sturdy; tight, taut; perfeot,

JU-I starting from the present State of

masterful;

well-aimed

(blow,

a court's findings (Ul. Law);


hai'at
at-t.

S+A

hit); accurate, precise,

exact

|j-u.uJI

S^

committee
umpires
(in mil.

board of arbitration; Jury, of judgea, committee of

well-planned, well-contrived
~ f* ..~* mustahkam

reinforced, fortified;

committee of referees maneuvera); '<** *J- (lajna) do.


{in sports),

strengthened,
veterate,

consou'dated,

strong;

inin-

deep-seated,

deep-rooted,

iil^
trial,

muhkama

judicial

proceeding;
prosecution
accuracy,

grained (custom,

trait, etc.); pl. CjLSCpi_.

hearing

(in court); legal

defenses, fortifications
J--&*-, jjI-iXp- see

llx-l

ihkm

perfection;

teil,

exactness,

exactitude,

precision ;
|

exact

Performance, precise execution


accurately,
exactly,
precisely;

j-B^-Vj

$~

hak

(K. hikya) to

relate (*

iJLi

s.th.), report,

give an account (* of); to


to imitate, copy
s.o.,

lo^-Vi of higheat perfection

speak, talk
(* s.th.)
;

(syr., leb.);

fi*.

tahakkum

arbitrariness,

to resemble (*,

arbitrary
imitate,
to); to

s.th.) III to

powers or action; despotism; domination, dominion, rulc, sway, power; control


(j
of,

copy

(* s.th.), assimilate o.s. (*


to),

be similar (*
s.th.),

be

like s.th. (*),

over)

resemble (*
ed,

be attuned, adjustto),

u5

^ tahakhtmi

adopted

{*

be

in

harmony

arbitrary; despotic

(* with)

>
iK- hikya
(of the
!5"*l* pl.

198

-t

atory, tale, nar-

sede
s.th.;

s.o.

or

s.th.,

Substitute for s.o. or

rative, account; {gram.) literal quotation

-M <M J

^-L- {qaibihl) she held a


j-U

words of othere)

place in hia heart;

jjJd\

yy
s.o.'b

mvhkh

imitation;

simarity,

{mahaa
high

t-taqdiri ladaihi) to

enjoy
*

resemblance; haruiony
iiU- hlrin narrator, storyteller;

esteem;

*1>M

o-J*

J*

JU^.^I
phonograph;

(mm

nufsi l-qurr'i

mahaUa

l-istih&n) to

appeal to the readers, meet


II

loudspeaker, radio
(adj.)

with the readere' approval


resolve {into its

to dissolve,

mahlny imitated, imitation


>*-

component
analyze

parte),
(*

break
to

up,
j^tL^-S^- ee
x

decompose,

s.th.);

make a chemical
med.)

analyais (* of s.th.); to

halla

unfasten,

u {hau) to untie ( a knot), unbind, unravel, undo (* s.th.); to


to de-

be dissolvent, act as a solvent (* on;


;

to

discharge,

absolve,

clear,

Bolve (* a problem, a puzzle);

exonerate, exculpate

( s.o.);

(*U" tahiila)

cipher, decode (* s.th.): to dissolve in

to expiate an oath; to

make

permissible

water
into

(* s.th.; ehem.); to resolve (* B.th.

or lawful, legitimate, Banction, justify,

its

components), analyze
{*
B.th.);

(* s.th.);

Warrant

(* s.th.); to declare permissible

to

melt

to

decompose, dis-

or lawful, allow, permit (* s.th.) IV to


discharge, release, absolve, diaengage
b.o.
(<>.

integrate (* s.th.); to disband, break up,


dissolve

an Organization or party, to open, unpack (* a parliament)


{*
;

from); to declare (*
permissible,

s.th.)

lawful,
(*

legally

permit,

allow

package, and the like); to loosen, relax


(*
s.th.);

B.th.); to

caue to set in or oeeur, bring cause


to

to release, Bet free, let go (


to clear, exonerate, exculpate
( s.o.,

about,

produce,

take

root,

s.th.,

s.o.);

establish, stabilize (* s.th.); to cause (*


s.th.) to

(^

s.o.

from), abeolve

,y from

take or oecupy the place (* of),


(* * s.th., e.g.,

hissinsjCAr.); pass. hua to be free ; to be


relaxed;

shift,

move, translocate
a place); to
*l*-l

(JjL- hull) to dismount,

tribe, to

Bettle

(ju *

s.th. as.o.

alight, top, halt; to Bettle


(u* at
s.o.,

down, stay
*;

mong) JaI*

(mahattah) to cause

a place, also

j and
come

Jp with

or s.th. to take the place of s.o. or s.th. eise,


replace s.o. or s.th. by, Bubstitute s.o. or
s.th. for,

at s.o.'b house),

(for a visit,

J*
to

to); to

take up reaidence (* in a place

take

s.o.

or s.th. as Substitute
l-'inya)

or country); to descend,

oome down;

for;

ibJl

descend (J* upon s.o.; wrath); to overcome, overwhelm (J* s.o.; Bleep); to punishment, befall (- and J* b.o.;
suffering),

y *^ y\ {mahaUa
B.th.,

to

pay attention to
disengage

make

B.th. one's

concern V to dissolve, melt, disintegrate


to
o.s.,

disassociate

o.a.,

oeeur, happen (^ to
in
s.o.;

s.o.);

to

become incamate (j

God); to

ertricate

o.s., free o.s.

{>

from) VII to

Bet in, arrive, begin (time, season);

to pass into Bolution, dissolve; to fade


(color);

be untied (knot); to be solved, be unraveled (problem); to be dissolved, be

{hi)

to be allowed, per-

broken up, be disbanded

(also,

of

an

mitted, permissible, lawful; to

be due,

Organization, a party, eto.); to dissolve,

payable (debt)

^^u

(manfib) to
*1*

melt; to become Black, limp, weak, loose,


relaxed; to disintegrate; to melt

take over or hold an


{niahallah)

offlee;

away

j* y y,

^ y y (^^m
s.o.

to be

in the

right

place;

VIII to settle

down

(* at

a place); to

to take

oecupy

(mtl., *

a territory); to assume,

the place of

or s.th., replace, Buper-

take over, oecupy, hold, have (* a place,

;;

199

>
lawful possession
|

a rank, an office)

Jj^l jlil Ji-I (al-

J-^L-

^1 ihn

h. legiti-

makna l-awwala)
s.o. 's

to occupy the foremost

mate son; respectable man, decent


JjL-

fellow

place; aJL^I Ji-I (a'mlah) to take over

functions

hull
;

stopping,

putting
on,

up,
be-

to regard {* s.th.) as

staying
falling,

descending,

Coming

permissible

or

lawful,

think

that

one
in,

may do
as

overtaking; incarnation; setting

s.th. (*); to

regard as fair garae,


unlawfully,

advent, arrival (of a time, of a deadbeginning, dawn; Substitution (for

easy

prey,

seize

misline),
s.o.)

appropriate, usurp (* s.th.)


J*hall pl.

J^L-

hull

untying,

un-

J-L- hal'd

pl.

oLl

ahill'*

husband

fastening, undoing (of a knot); Solution


(of a problem,
riddling,

of a puzzlc, etc.); un-

iLL
J-L-l

halila pl. Jj'^U halail 2 wife


ihlll

unraveling, explanation; Soludissolution,

outer

opening

of

the

tion

(ehem.);

disbandment,
etc.),

Urethra; Urethra (anat.)


Jrf.

breaking up (of an Organization,


abolition,
lease, lease,

mahall

pl. -t,

jUt mahll 2 place,


locale,

cancellation,

annulment;

re-

location,
freeing,

spot,

site,

locality,

liberation;
(e.g.,

decontrol, re-

unblocking

center; (place of) residence; business;

of

blocked

sum); discharge, Clearing, exoneration,


exculpation; absolution (Chr.)
|

business house, firm, commercial house


stre, shop; objeet, cause (e.g., of dis-

JJ!
i

Li

soluble,

solvable ;

pute, admiration, etc.); gear (automobile)


*L*t

JJJI

JJ-

(taijl)

spectral analysis;
wa-l-'aqd or

|aUJ^ and<Ld<LI
(its)

see

J^-IandlV;
place; *U.
(its)

J-Uil^ Ji-I

J*l ahl al-h.

(mahallah) in his
place, in

(its)

Jj Jlj Ji-I

J*i (raty) influential


*Jl*-j-j

in his

his

stead,

people,

those

in

power;

L-

instead of him;
right

(tarhlihl) in all his doings, in

4^ j
be

utf to be in the

everything

place;

to

he did
pedient,
Jj- kill:

appropriate,
to

ex-

advisable ;
<Ltf.

be

justified,

was

free to ...,

fa) j- J^ j jS~ (hillin) he he was at liberty to ...;


. . .

warranted;
placed,

j.

improper, mis;

unsuitable,

ill-suited

out of

he had free disposal of


you're free to
iLhalla
. .

j* J^.

j c^
.

place; inappropriate, inexpedient, in-

.,

you may readily


JLAiZaZ

pl.

low copper

opportune; A*. JijL^ sdafa mahallah to be convenient, be most opportune;


J
Jrf. . .

vessel; cooking pot (ey.)

^
;

(mahalla)

there

is

no room
1

for

it is

out of place, quite dplace ;


al-'amal place of employ-

iL-

t'/Za

way

Station, stopping place,

J**J!

J* m.
i.'i/l

stop, stopover;

encampment; absolution

ment;

(Chr.); dispensation (Chr.)

residence,

address
house,

J* m. al-iqma (place of) ^jUT J* (tijri)


;

iL- hulla pl. JL- hulal clothing, dress,

business
ijjLiJlj

commercial

house
ti*

garb vestments
;

i-y**!!

(ecclesiastic ; Chr.)

(comj

o^l
~.\

('ummlya,

plete)
4_r*j

suit

of clothes; (Western) suit

jriya) public Utilities

L- (rasmlya) uniform;

^_Jl iL-

houses
CjUjj
i-L-JI

Jil

h.

and commercial ism al-m. firm;

as-sahra formal dress


J"iL-

J* m. ruhnt pawnshop;
Jrf-

o*^

m. as-siyha travel agencies;


m. murattibt

hall

that

which

is

allowed,

CjL\?j*

refreshment

permitted or permissible; allowed, perraitted,


sible,

parlor;
,^3^.1

^1

J* m.

al-lahw
(pl.

permissible,
lawful,
legal,

allowable,
licit,

admis-

m. al-malhi
center; *\'J

JL*

and J* amuseobjeet

legitimate;

ment

J* m. n<T

>
of controversy, controversial matter;
K v_-mJ *$ ,^jl J l

200

Ji^ muhallil analyzer


J**j munhall aolved; dissolved, resolved, broken up ; disbanded ; languid, prostrate,

ar m. li-'ajabin
for

don't aee
there
ia

any reaaon
nothing
to

amazement,
aatonished

be

weak; permitted,

al-

about; Jii J* m. na?ar a.th. deserving attention, a atriking, remarkable thing

lowed
*k* ij?r tion forces
juyS muktalla oecupa-

J*

mahalll local; native, indigenoua;

parochial; pl. >Li local news, local

page (of a newspaper)

WjL?- aee J^1


t

J*
<U.

mahill due date; dato of delivery


TJU-

halaba
|

(halb)

to

milk

(a

an

maaWa
place,

pl.

-f

way

Station,

animal)

J\ ^*oJl !_JL- halaba d-dahra

atopping

stop,

etopover,

en-

aifurah he has seen good and bad

campment; camp;
ter (of

section, part, quar-

days V to run, drip,


leak;
to

trickle, ooze, Beep,

a
el

city)

^jsI
|

2\

(kubr)

water,
|

drool

(mouth, with
(_-U^J

Mahalla
J-U"

Kubra

(city in

Egypt)
reaolution,
specifica(pl.

appetite)

IjilM

(afwh)

tahlil

dissolution,

breaking up, decomposition,


tion,

making the mouth water, appetizing; Ji j ^Ull ij^ (al-lu'bu / faml) my

detailing,

analyzation;
(ehem.)
in
;

JJl^

mouth was watering VIII


from)
tJU- halb milking
_JL-

to milk (*
juice (*

tahlil 3 )

analysis

absolution

an animal) X do. ; to squeeze

(Chr.)

J-LJb
t.

detail;

JJ* J^.

ma'mal
yBes;
sis;

laboratory for chemical anal-

J^j^T

J^

(kahrab'i) electroly-

(JLjUI) ^iJI J-Lill (nafsi) psychoJL-

halab milk

analysis

halba

pl.

kalabt

race

track;
|

JJ*
Ji*:

tahlil* analytic(al)

arena; danoe Soor; raoe horses


is*ij\
h.

i-U*jl

ar-raq? danoe
ia

Soor;

,^-J

taAaHu/ dissolution, breakup ; Sep-

<JJ-1

iJ j he

not made for that, he


it i

aration, disengagement, disaasociation

doean't belong there,


line;
->

not in hia

J^l

inhill

diaBolution,

breakup,
;

decomposition; disintegration
putrefaction;
slackening,

decay,

uJ^ a niaater or outBtanding in


*4*~

of, excelling

exhaustion,

i-U-

Aul&a

fenugreek
;

(Trigonella

prostration, weaknesa, impotence

foenum-graecum
of yellowiah
childbed

bot.); tonic,

prepared
in

oecupation (mtl.) \^j^r J^b*-Vl oecupation foroes


J:&-l iht ill
ii^i-l ihttlli

grains,

for

women

(eg., syr.)

occupying, oecupation

i^JU kalib milk


cow's milk
(eg.)

<_JU jJ Za&an

(usedattributively); advocate of foreign

oecupation

V^*J_>I*

Aalfi

laotiferoua

<>^*-

V*i

mahll

solved

dissolved
untied,

(frogara)

milk cow;
cattle

v>^' V-Ul

(m*

resolved,

broken up; looae;

ya) dairy

nnfastened, unfettered, free, at large;

weakened, prostrate, ezhausted, languid;8olntion(liquid;eAem.) |j<JJIJ>I*

V^ij^U-

Aalld milker

Aallda milkmaid,

dairymaid;

m. ai-fa'r with loose, diaheveled hair

dairywoman; milk oow

201

J~
*Jii-

<_-irf

mahlab mahaleb (Prunus maha-

halaja
|

(half, hilf) to

swear

(^ili

by

leb; bot.)
tJl*- hlib Ureter
*--l *

God)
oath
j

b_r (JlU-

(yaminan) to take an
( s.o.)
(

II to

make

swear; to put
to adjure,

"- mustahlab emulsion

to oath, swear in
u
,

s.o.);
s.o.)

!-. : ..

j_jJJi

m. al-lauz almond milk

entreat earnestly

III to

enter

into a confederation, into an alliance


2

i_J*-

halab 2 Aleppo
At&ft, Aaftii aaafetida

(o

with

s.o.),

become an

ally

of s.o.)

i^-aiU-

(Ferula asaa-

VI to eommit one another by oath (J*


to

do
s.o.)

s.th.), join in

foetida; bot.)

alliance; to ally,

make an
gin (*
(

alliance (*. with)

to
(

make
from

^U- halaja
ootton)
F^*~

(halj, _U- hallj) to

swear, exaet an oath

s.o.); to adjure,
i_li*-

entreat earnestly (s.o.)

b a lj ginning (of cotton)


halij

half, hilf swearing,

oath

<jA*-

rU-

ginning

{of

cotton)

^jM taking the oath


(_iL- hilf

ginned (cotton)
5*-t>U-

sworn

alliance, confederaey,
(pl.

hilja cotton ginner's

work or

league; federation;
ally
|

<_j^\

ahlf)

trade

<jj~--

tjai-

('askari)

military

alliance;

$*- hallj cotton ginner

J^^\
halif

J*1JJ

(a}lanti)

the

Atlantic Pact
pl.

^U ^U
Jj-i-

mihlaj,

i*JL*

mihlaja

U*.
iJl-L-

pl

.Ul|

mahlij 2 cotton gin

hulaf' 2

con -

federate; ally; allied

lili-l

the Alliea

mahlaj

pl.

iU

mahlij 2 cotton

(pol.)
*i~L-

ginnery
halifa pl. -t
f.

of i_j_U-

kalhala to remove, drive away, shove


II tahalhala

away

JtjL- hallf pl. JaJ**~ halllj 2 (mar. r


eg.)

to stir from one's

wild boar; pig, swine

place; to move,

Btir,

budge
.LL- half'

und

aL- halja (bot.) alfa,

OjjL- halazn snail; spiral


ojjl*ijjji*-

esparto

halazna

(n. un.)

ana; Bpiral

JjlI*- tahlif

swearing in

^J-Udl ci-

halazni spiral, helical, volute,

lajnat

at-t.

the Jury (in court)

winding
^^-L- haliaa
(<-<

Jl* muhlafa alliance


a to remain, stay permanently
(<-<

iJJL*;

tahluf State

of alliance;

al-

at a place), stick

to a place)
foll.

liance, treaty of alliance


tjjjt
(pl.

^-i- hila pl. ^-^Ul ahls (with


genit.)

muhallaj sworn, bound by oath;

one addicted or given to s.th., one adhering to s.th. _^J]I ^^-1 a.


|

-n) Juror (in court)

iJJU*!- mutahlif interallied, allied


jl*-

al-lahw people given to pleasure and

amusement, bons vivanta, playboys


^J*- hiU

halaqa

(halq) to

shave (* the head,


hover; to

pl.^^l
2
,

the face); to shave off {* the beard)


ahls,

^J*- hula
bay,

saddle blanket
^J*-!

II to circle in

the

air,

fly,

soar

(bird

airplane ;
s.th.);

ahlaa

f.

.L-L-

hals' 2

above

J* and JSy over or to round, make round,


(*
s.th.);

chestnut (horae)

circular or

ring-shaped

to

; ;

&*
ring, Burround, encircle (J* s.o., s.th.); to clothe V to form a circle, sit in a
circle; to
s.o.)

/_j*-

hulqm
|

pl.

-S:A>-

AaJgtm 3

throat,

gullet

rjU-' **-b rAaf a-A. a

kind of
sugar,

gather in a circle (J* around

sweet

made

of

cornBtarch,
(eg.)

mastic and pistachios


halq shaving,
J")A*-I

ji-

shave;

(pl.

jji-

jiU-

halika a (halak)

to

be pitch-black,
tAIau2aita do.

hulq,

ahlq)

throat,

gullet,

deep-black XII

dJJjl-!

pharynx
ilU- AaZafc intense blackness

JL- halqi guttural, pharyngeal


iSCU- AuZfca intense blackness

jU- halaq ringa, earrings


L>- halqa, halaqa pl. ji- halaq, CjLU"iL-

halilc

pitch-black,

deep-black;

halaqt ring (also earring, etc.); link


(of a

gloomy, murky
iTji-

chain)

circle

(also

of people)

hulka gloominess, darkness;

group of students studying under a


professor, hence: lecture, course (e.g.,

blackness
.illU-

AZifc

pitch-black, deep-black;

at

AI Azhar University)
; ;

part
;

of

sequence or series ringlet dik decade

gloomy, murky
J*.

market
life

Sl*Jl

U-

h.

an-najh
il-

life

buoy,

halama u to dream

(uj

or j* of; jl

j
(<-

preserver; JUj*^I

h.

al-itti$l

of being, becoming, doing, etc., in the


future); to muse, reflect, meditate

and J-^l <L* A. al-wa$l connecting link (>j between; fig.); ijll U-i the
missing link, the intermediate form;
jS
,>

on

s.th.);

to attain puberty;

haluma
pl.

u to be gentle, mild-tempered VIII to


attain puberty U. hulm pl.
irreality,
(O^*-'

*^LJ

U-l

J fwmriAi)
life, in

in the

sixth decade of his


iilr-^l L>-

his fifties;

Bsh market; jUil Ul-

ahlm dream;

A.

al-qutn cotton
Jl>-

market
annular, ring-shaped,

utopia
(in

halaqi

JU
|

hulmi dream-

Compounds),

circular
j^A*- hallq pl.

of or pertaining to dreamB

-n barber

(sihhl), *^JI

^ J}U
barber-

UU.I

hulum sexual maturity, puberty


to attain puberty

A. as-sihha

iJb

surgeon
j~L- AaZig shaved, shaven, shorn

U. hilm pl. f_jL- Au/wm, W>-1

ahlm
;

gentleness,

clemency,
indulgence ;

mildness

for;

^W
trade
|

hilqa shaving, shave; barber's


iWA-l JjjL*
ijt>U!

bearance,

patience

in-

s&fin al-h.

shaving
;

sight, diacernment, understanding, intelligence, reason


|

W*-"iM jU~* simplesouls


I)

soap

o>JL*

barbershop

i*

SWJ-1 g'af al-A.

do.;

i*^-

^^

minded people, simple

and

r^li-i

*J'

safety razor

U- halam (coli.; n. un.


nipple, teat, breast)

tick; mite;

jjjt

miAZa?

pl. jJl*

mahliq 2 straight

mammilla

(of the female

razor

ji*
;

taAZig flying, flight (of

an

air-

^L- halami parasitic; mammillary, nipple-shaped


JL- halim
pl.
IJU-

craft Je and Jji over a country) take-off (of an airplane)

hulam' 2

mild,

jJU- j-

min

hliq from

above

mild-tempered, gentle; patient

r
j*^i*-

halm,

j*jJU-

hlm a kind of

fulness,

charm, refinement, wittiness,

Egyptian cheese
iU- AZt'm pl, -an
kj

wit; present of

money; ransom

#j^U-

dreamer

J^

(hummuiya) a sweet made of


chick-peas;

roasted

muhtalim sexually mature, pu-

hiniya) a sweet

oL-i ~j%- (fa* made of sesame-seed


(lauziya)

beBcent, marriageable
(^i-

meal; ijj^J

j^-

sweet

hal-uwa u, haliya a, ^- hal J-) u (*j*>U- halwa, l^i*- A-aJwn) to be

and

made

of almonds

lji-

hulwn

present

of

money,

sweet; to be pleasant, agreeable (J to


s.o.)
|

gratuity, tip
ijljl-

jiJl

J
it

"^-

he enjoyed the thing;


that..., he
<l

halwni

and

jl_^L-

AaJw'i

jl

*J

~k-

pleased him
.

confectioner,

candy

dealer ;

pastry

was delighted that


(haaabam)
pleases;

J*as

at

hie

discretion,
*

c~*he

cook, fancy baker


J-*is ...,
1

JII to

J-

oi

to adorn, grace;
(t-i

*~^-\

haliya a to be adorned
(* s.th., e.g.,

U m u AatV oh how sweet U oh, how sweet he is!


,

with)
i-1*:

Bweeten

a beverage

takliya

decoration,

embellish-

with sugar); to adorn, bedeck, embellish, attire, furnish,

ment, ornamentation

provide
to

{*,

s.o.,

J* muhallan
with)
**-

sweetened; decorated,
(<_

s.th.,

t-i

with)

adorn

o.b.,

be

embellished, adorned, ornamented

adorned,

decked

out,

embellished,

graced, endowed, furnished, provided

(^

with)

to find sweet or pleasant,

ham

pl. \j~\

akm' father-in-law;

pl.

like (* s.th.),
~$*-

be delighted

(*

by)

relatives of the wife

by marriage,

in-

laws of the wife


halan sweetness, pleaBantness
Li-

hamh

pl. c^\jjr1
(

hamawt motherl

jl*-

hulw

sweet

pleasant,
|

nice,
S

in-law; see also


Z*-

y- and 2 y-

charming, delightful, pretty

<t^k\ J*-

a gifted raconteur, amusing, entertaining;


*j!i-1

huma

see 2j*~

juJI

(gudda) pancreas (anat.)


J*- kuliy piece of jewelry,

j-

J*- haly

pl.

(* s.th.); pass.
|

hamma u (hamm) to heat, make hot humma to be feverish,

trinket
i~L-

have a fever dJIi J *. (humma) that was decreed to him, that is his lot, his
destiny II to heat,
to bathe,

hilya pl.

J-

At7an, Kulan decfinery;

make hot

(* s.th.);

oration, embellishment,

Orna-

wash

(* or

s.o.

or s.th.) IV to

ment
iSj^*-

heat,

make hot

(* s.th.)

to bathe,

halw

pl. ifj^*-

halwa candy,

take a bath
*-

confection,
*\j\*-

confectionery, sweetmeats

hamma

hot spring
blackness,

halw' 2 candy, confection, con-

*-

humma humam

swarthiness,

fectionery, sweetmeats

dark coloration; fever


eg.

cAji- halwayt (and


sweets
(in

halawiyt)

j-

(n. un. S)

charcoal; anyashes,

general)

sweet

pastry

thing

charred

or

carbonized;

candies, confectionery, sweetmeats


j}U-

cinder; lava
^y-

halwa

sweetness ;

candies

humm

f.,

pl.
[

L/- hummayt
jj^jJI

confectionery, sweetmeats ; grace, grace-

fever, fever

heat

_J-1

and

r
*jjLJI

204

,yJ-l

(tiflya)

typhoid
h.

fever

*j-

hamhama

('<****

hamhama)

to

neigh,

typhus fever; jJi


fever;
***t'J
1

,y

d-diqq hectio

whinny
i***r-

(horse)

gj\ ,y

A. r-rV

quartan fever;

hamhama

neigh(ing),

whinny

,^'

relapsing fever; Iji-Jl ,yJ-l


^^J-i
^-JJl

ing, whinnies

or jjlji-Jl
yellow fever;
fever;
4_*.i)l

{pafr',

pafrwiya)
tertian

A.

1-#W

*j- tmAtm oxtongue, bugloss (An-

^j^l

^1 ^
3-^iJl

^1

i^'

(/oAmiya) anthrax;
soarlet fever;
Jj-

ohusa

officinalis; bot.)

(girmiyo)

h, l-qaii

hayfever; J-OJl
;

^l
^^J-

Aamtda a (amd) to

praise,

commend,

(qul*iya)

foot-and-mouth disease
(mit^Hya, AiitHya)
meningitia ;
*>rj*A\

laud, extol (J* * s.o. for, * s.th.) II to praise higbly ( s.o.)


jj-

SJil

cere,yJ-

Aamd
|

brospinal

laudation

*>>

commendation, praise, al-hamdu lillh -uA-1

(mtttamavnvija) undulant
fever, brucellosis;
<Llidl

fever,
,yJ-l

Malta
(ni/fl*

thank God! praise be to God! praised


be the Lord!
xj- Aamtd oommendable
ease)
:j>

aiya) puerperal fever, ohildbed fever;

O
(in

J*!

^\

(nama&ya) spotted fever


feverish,
febrile,

praise worthy,
;

laudable,

^
j-Lr-

benign, harmless (dis-

Aumml

fever-

Compounds)

Aamd praiseworthy,

laudable,

hamm
1

(coli.;

n.

un.
|

pl. 'dt,

oommendable, praied
jj- 1

/[* Aamlf im dove, pigeon


oarrier

J*-lj)l (Li-

pigeon ;

f^-l

jU
death

bugloss

ahmad*

more laudable

more

oxtongue (Anohusa
Ilr-

officinalis; bot.)

oommendable
\j+'i\
**ij\

himm

(fate of)
pl.

ai-farVa al-ahmadiya

Mohammedan Law
llr-

Aammdm
A.

-d*

bath; swim(Li|

ming pool;

spa, watering plaoe

-U4-

mahmada
aot;

pl.
pl.

Jul^

mahmid*
praise s,

u^

Samt

sunbath;

*tj*

olr-

(bahrlya) seaside resorts


~t-

oommendable enoomiums
}j*4-

juU-

hamim

pl.

Lr-1

oAimmd' 8 close

mahmd

praised ;

commend commend -

friend; close, intimate;


-.1

hot water
,

ahle, laudable, praiseworthy

oAomm',
blaok

f.

L*-

Aammd* 1

pl.

p
oal-

.u^ mtthammad praised;


able, laudable

Aumm

mt'Aamm hot-water

kettle,

j.u*

mithammadi

pertaining

or

dron, boiler
l^i~l

attributable to
Jjj-

Mohammed

wd'Amdm bathing, bath

>^^.

mahmm

feverish,

having

Zi

hamdala to pronounce the formula xj-l "Praise be to God!"


IIjj-

fever; frantio, heotie


J

hamdala the formula

-ui-l

(see above)

U- Aama'o a to clean out, dredge (* a well)


^j- II to

redden, color or dye red {* s.th.);


flour in preparing

U-

Aama' , U-

Aam'a mud, mire,

to roast (a s.th.); to fry (* s.th.}; to

Bludge
*

j-

Aamfa

to

be

or

become

angry,

brown (* IX to turn

a roux)
color,

red, take

on a reddish

furious,

mad

(J* at

s.o.)

redden, blush

205

y- humar
(Sj*-

asphalt
tar,

,j~*-

hamisa a to

work with
all

zeal,
or"

be

humari asphaltic, asphalt,

zealous, eager, ardent, be

become

tarry
*jt-

enthusiastic, get

worked up, get

excited, be filled with fanatie enthu-

humra redness, red


St.

color(ation),

siasm

I;

to be overzealous or

red; rouge (eosm.); briok duat, briok

orerenthusiastio

rubble; eryaipelas,
(med.)

Anthony's

fire

advocate
o.s.

in s.th.) ; to (J fervently (J s.th.), throw


s.th. (J)

wholeheartedly behind

jU- htmr
\j*-\

pl. jj-

hamir, ^r- humur,


j
i

,j-**

ahmira donkey, ass

hamia and Lrrzealous,


stout,

ahmas*

un-

^J\

jIf-

flinohing,

staun ch, steadfaBt, ardent,


hearty ;
fiery,

al-wahS and

ass, onager; jl^-1

^-j jU- (utahil) wild samm al-h. oleander


.

eager,

enthusiastic, fll of enthusiasm


(j-l*-

(Nerium oleander;
i>\*-

bot.)

kama
fire,

and

i-Lf*

hamdaa
zeal,

himra

pl.

J\r-

ham'ir* she-

enthusiasm,
fanatioism

ardor,

fervor,

ass,

female donkey
red,

jjf humr
redness
jj-

red

color(ation),

tf^*flery,

hamal

enthusiastic,

ardent,

zealous, fanatio; stirring, rous-

humaira redstart
pl.

(zool.)

ing, thrilling, electrifying

jU- hammr

donkey driver
hamr**,
pl.

,j

tahammus
for),

unflinchig

zeal,

enthusiasm (J

fanaticism
enthusiastio, ar-

y\
pink
|

ahmar*,

f.

^y

liumr red,
j*-^\

y
Jt*-

red-colored,

ruddy ;

tj-**^>

mutahammis

rosy,

j+W
the

^1
Red

^J, y-y\ jji infrared; the Red Sea; y^\ ^XJI

dent, fiery, zealous, fanatio; an ardent


follower, a fanatio adherent, a fanatio

CrosB;

yy\
jt- V
I

violent

death

^
y\
ruBt

o^il
I

(maut)

hamaia u to

excite,

im tte,

infuriate,

(haw)
("the
1
)p

enrage
<tr-

( s.o.)

sexual

intercourse;

ljj-Vl

y^j
*{f

two red ones", i.e.) wine and meat; i^Vl ("the black and the red",
mankind;
LiiJl

hamia oatgut (med.)


to fry, broil (*
s.th.)

^-

II to roast;

i.e.) all

lipstick

^m*- himmia, himmas; (oolloq.) hum-

hamr >%

smut,

(diBease

mus
"t^*"

(coli.; n.

un.

#)

chick-pea
ancient

affecting oereals); I^J-I

Alhambra, the

Citadel of
Jj**l

Granada
deer,
roe,

*"?"

Homs

(the

Emesa,

city in oentral Syria)

yahmr red;

roe-

buck; wild ass; hemoglobin (physiol.)

**~

hamwfa u (<Jy- humda) to be or become sour II to make sour, sour,


acidify, acidulate (* s.th.); to develop
(*

j\y\ ikmirr reddening,


redness,
(med.)

blush(ing),

red

ooloration;

erythema

a photographio plate, a film; phot.);

to cause (* s.th.) to oxidize


|

j** muhammar roasted


(batfis) fried

ij*-

^lU

+*-

hamd
|

pl.

,ji\j*\

ahmd

acid

potatoes

(ehem.)
iS

Jji ijj*. (ba-uli) uric acid

}*

hamaza
tongue

(hamz) to bite, or burn, the

^- j&

Sajar

hamdi

citrus trees

(taste)

*-* hamdiya

pl. -t oitrus fruit

humda

sourness,
al-h.

acidity

or for
|

s.o.,

* a brden), carry,
je-

assume
relieve

ujj-i
(ehem.)
,-Jl-

muwallid

oxygen

(*

the brden,

of

s.o.

eise),

(* je- s.o.

from

s.th.),

take (* a brden,
(je-);

hummd,

hummaid

agrievance.etc.) froma.o.
sorrel

toextend,
feel-

show, evince, cherish, harbor (* a


ing,

(bot.)
;_,:

J toward
(j*

s.o.);

to

become
to

or

be

tahmid souring, aeidification;


(phot.)

pregnant
(tree);

by
do

s.o.);

bear

fruit

development

to
s.o.

induce,
to

cause,

prompt,
s.o.
(.)

get

^>U-I ihmd jocular language, joking

(J*

s.th.),

make

do

remark
,

s.th. (J*); to convert, bring

around, win

^ 1^

over

hmid

sour, aeid;

aeidulous;
\

(pl.

,j**\y-

Aati-mtd 2 )

aeid (ehem.)

Ji _

fJA\ ^yi-U A- al-fahm carbonic aeid; ^' (jtitri(i) sulphuric aeid


J

(*jJj J* s.o. convince (*Jj J* s.o. of one's opinion); to attack (J* s.o.), also J* 1U- J>

to one's opinion),

(J

^U

(kamlalan) to launch

or

make an

at-

j> Aamiga

a and

hamuqa u (humq, vif

hamqa) to be stupid, silly, foolish, fatuous; to become angry or furious


II

tack on; to ltnow by beart (* a book); to relate, refer (J* * s.th. to), bring (* bear (J* upon s.th.), link, s.th.) to
con-elate, bring into relation {* s.th.,

J*

and IV

to regard ( s.o.) as a fool,


s.o.)

with); to trace, trace back (J* * s.th.


to); to ascribe, attribute,
s.th. to s.o.);
j

consider

dumb,

stupid, idiotic

VI pretend to be stupid VII to become


angry or furious

to

make

(* a

impute (J* * word) agree


|

to consider

( s.o.)
j

dumb,
jj--

stupid, idiotic
j

grammatically (J* with another) J*< ^; j to feel annoyed, be in a melancholy mood,


feel blue;
-

iJ

J*

J>

to
*U-

humq

stupidity,

silliness,

fool-

pull o.s. together, brace o.s.

J*^ J*

ishness, folly

(mahmali)
fool,

to

take

s.th.

to

mean...,

vif hamqa stupidity, silliness, ishness, folly; anger, wrath


ij\j-

interpret or construe s.th. in the sense

of
|

...,

as if

it

were

...;

*1**

^ J* *U- to
J*

humq, hamq smallpox, Variola

niisinterpret, misconstrue s.th.;


.0-1

Af

(med.)
jr-l

(mahmala

l-jidd)

to

take

s.th.

ahrnaq 2

f.

.I>

hamqa

1
,

pl.

&~

seriously, take s.th. at face value II to

hum(u)q,

J>

hamq, Jlf hamqa dumb,

have or make
s.th.),
s.o.

s.o.)

carry or bear (*
(*,

load,

brden, charge, task


with),

stupid, silly, foolish, fatuous; fool, simpleton, imbecile

or

s.th. *

impose

on

s.o.

s.th.)

V to bear, assume, take upon


the
re-

lif

hamqn

dumb,

stupid,

silly,

o.s.

(* s.th., e.g., oliiJI an-nafaqt

foohsh; angry, furious

expenses,

VjJ-H

al-mas'llya

the

J*-

hamala
to
it),
lift,

(haml) to earry, bear (* s.th.);

sponsibility); to bear

up

(* under), bear,

pick

load

up (* s.th. in order to carry up and take along (* s.th.); to


in

stand, suBtain, endure, tolerate, stomach


(* s.th.); to

undergo, suffer (*
( s.o.)

s.th.);

to

hold (*

s.th.,

one's hand); to carry

be able to stand
s.o.);

or put

up

with

on or with one, take or bring along convey ( s.th.); to transport, carry,


(* s.th.); to bring, take (Jl or

to set out, get on one's

way; to

depart
(

VI to maltreat, treat unjustly


be prejudiced, be biased, take
against
s.o.);

J *

s.th.

s.o.),

to

s.o.); to

take upon

o.s.

(je-

instead of

sides

(J*

to struggle

to

;,

Jone'a feet, rise with great effort


|

J*

J^L^0.8.

J*

Lj"

ham,lla

'al

brden

to,

*-_j

(nafsihi) to brace o.a.; to

pu

completely dependent upon


Jj*-

together, take heart, pluck

up courage
lug off (*
JLiJ L-

haml

long-suffering; gentle, mild-

VIII to carry, bring (* s.th.); to carry

tempered

away, take away, haul


s.th.);

off,

to suffer, undergo, bear, stand,


s.th.); to allow,

hamml
himla

pl.

-n,

porter, carrier

endure, suatain (*

permit,

work

and

trade

of

suffer, tolerate, brook,

atomach

(* s.th.), (*

porter or carrier
L-

acquiesce (*
s.th.);

in),

put up, bear

with

to hold (* s.th.), have capaeity

hammla
-JL-

(carrier)

beam,

girder,

(* for); to

imply that

aupport, base, post, pier, pillar; suspenda.th. (*) is possible,

ers

jJJJ
|

(sadr) brassiere
pl. -t

permissible, or conceivable;

J*^
(it

yahta*
bear-

milu and (pass.) yuhtamalu


able, tolerable;
sible,
(it

is)

Jy-

humla
limit,

load

capaeity,
(of

is)

conceivable, pos-

load

capaeity;

tonnage

probable, likely
carrying,

vessel) ;

portage,
(pl. JJl*-

freightage,

tranaport
(/r.)

charges;

hamait?) family

J> haml
ment,
s.o.,

bearing;

induce(of

prompting,

encouragement

J*^ mahmal

see
i^-l

J>

harnala;

also

J*

to); delivery; transport, trans-

Ul J**

J*

lju-i

(m. il-jidd) to take

portation,

conveyance

portage,

carryJl-.o*

s.th. seriously

ing charges;
himl)
foetus

(pl.

JU-I
|

ahml,

pregnancy
a

JJ.

J*^ mahmil (colloq. mahmal) pl. J*l mahmil 2 camel-borne litter mahmal
;

'adam

al-h. sterility (of

woman)

a richly decorated
rulers to

litter

J>
load,

himl,

haml
|

pl.

JU-I ahml cargo,


load,
A*-

Mecca

as an

by Islamic emblem of their


sent

brden

^ J> haml hayy pay


live

independence, at the time of the hadj

commercial
(jnayyit)
j\j*

load,

load;

-,
,

J~** tahmil burdening; eneumbrance;


impoaition; loading, shipping, shipment
iL*j

dead load; dead weight

(arch.);

J> (muwzin)
hamal

counterpoiae, coun-

tahmila

pl.

terweight
pository (med.)
J*pl.

J^UT tahm 2 sup-

j-^jh

humln,

JU-

J**i

tahammul taking over, aasump-

ahml lamb; (unconaecrated) Hoat


Copt); Ariea,
iL-

(Chr.-

Kam

tion (of burdens); bearing, Standing, sufferance, endurance; durability; strength,

(astron.)

hamla

pl.

hamalt attack (J* on);


ijjjtj
iL-

hardiness, sturdiness, aolidity (of a


terial)

ma-

offensive;

campaign; military expedition;


|

expeditionary force
blya)

(ta'diiL*-

J-l* tahmul prejudice, biaa, partiality; intolerance


i}\^-\

punitive

expedition ;

iJU*

(pihfiya) presa
{istikSfiya)
-SLjlx-. iLI

campaign; iJLii^l iU(mtl.) (mit.);

reconnaissance raid

ihtiml

bearing,

standing,

auf-

motorized detachment

fering, sufferance, toleration; probability,

ij U^J - (intikbiya) election

campaign

likelihood,
(sa'b)

potentiality

Jl^^l

^^0
porter'

hard to bear, oppressive


hmil
pl.
iL-

Jj-

hamali

pl.

-lya

ambulant water
J-U-

veador
J-

hamala

carrier; bearer (of a note, of a check, etc.

hamil foundling; guarantor, war-

of an order

or decoration); holder (of

rantor

an identification paper, of a diploma, of a

;;

J~
certificate)
;

208

holding

device,

holder,

y humw
ir-

heat
pl.
-t,

clamp, fastener, hold, support (techn.);


fighter (J* against); (pl. J*l_>*pregnant | OjjJI J*U Courier;
.

hawmil 2 )

huma
(of

human

sting,
(of

stinger

inseeta);

prick,

apine

^-^1

*bplante)

al-askum shareholders

vjAilfl

U#- the

publicists, the writera;

<il

^T J*U- A.

^
ezeited
*-j-

hamiy

hot,

glowing;

heated,

kalm allh one who knows the Koran

by heart; J*U- jLJ


current
(ei,);

(tayyr)

carrier

iLU- l^Vj* (wuj'f) carrier

y humm
hamiya

see

wavea

(ei.)

zeal, ardor, fervor;

enthu-

*U- AmtZa
ing, carrier
|

pl.

-<H

device for carry-

siasm, ardent zeal, fanaticiam; violenoe,

~*^tj*-

*l*-

map

case;

3JL.U-

vehemence; passion, rage, fury; heat of


ezeitement; temper, temperament
*-y\
|

jjly U* A. f'irt airorafb carrier

i-J-i

(qaumiya) chauvinism

Jj*
able,

TTioAmfii

carried,

borne

bearService
Li-

tolerable;

load

weight,
(of a

humayy heat; ezeitement,


enthusiaam;
fire,

Agita-

weight,

cargo;

tonnage

veasel);
6y>-

tion;

pasaion, impet-

predicate,

attribute
|

(logic) ,

*-l*

uoeity,
*j\j-

vehemence; fury, rage; wine

subject

(logic)

>*^
;

Ili*
[>*-

(muSh)

hamwa heat

motorized infantry (m.)

jj~-

*?*
-*^
(of

(jatowan) airborne troops (mtl.)

mahman

fire

Chamber, furnace

J** muAammai
charged, burdened

loaded, laden, heavily


(t->

a stove, oven,

etc.)

with),

encumbered

>U(e.g.,

hmin hot; heated,


a
battle) ;

violent, fieroe

(vby)
J*=*

glowing,

passionate,

muktamal

bearable,

tolerable

fiery;

burning
i

probable, likely
jlt(

**- ham
stare,

(hamy, <Aj~ himya) to defend,


,> againat), protect, s.o., s.th. from);

hamtaqa (Ul#- AamJoga) to

gaze

guard

(a, s.o., s.th.,

or

at)

shelter, shield (j* *,

to deny

U*^> himaly Himalaya


l j*"

food (*;

(^^11 the patient) harmful to put him on diet); to forbid


s.th.) III to

amfl (oonBtruot State of

f harn) and iUbecome


at)

(l

s.o.

to do

defend (jor

s.o.

AamA
*( _>*

see

*-

or s.th., also, of a lawyer in oourt); to


shield, protect,

support (jt

b.o.

s.th.),

and

>

v* hamiya a
become
heat (*

to be or

take up the cause of {&), stand up for


{jfi)

hot; to glow (metal); to flare up; to fly


into a rage, u^Ujfl
furious
(

VI to keep away (* from), shun,


s.th.) VIII to protect o.s. (,

^y-

avoid (*

fierce

fighting

broke out

II

to

from
o.s.

s.th.,

from

b.o.),

defend

o.s.,

oover

make

hot,

B.th.);
fire

to heat to
(*

glowing (* metal); to

up

a stove);

(v with

B.th.),

seek protection, Beek

shelter or refuge

(*-j

with

s.o.,

also x*',

to kindle, inflame, stir up, exoite (* B.th.)

.yfrom)
j*

to bathe
(* s.th.)

(=

j- II)

IT to make hot, heat

himan protection; defense; sanc-

tuary
j*-

hamw

heat

JjJl

j*-

A.

an-niZ
*-*-

prickly heat, heat rash, liehen tropious

himya that wbioh

is

defended;

diet

ijl*-

himya

pl. -t protection,

patron-

o- hanna sympathy;
vantage

commiseration,

age, sponsorship, auspices; protectorate

compassion, pity; favorable aspect, ad-

(M)
l*l

muhmh

defense

(jur.);
J

legal

Lj- hann sympathy, love, affection,

profession, practicing of
kai'at al-m. the bar
-!

law

Ul^l La

tenderness; commiseration, compassion,


pity;
liJLJL*-

hannaika have pity! have

iAftm*

seeking

cover,

seeking

mercy
b*- hanna compassion,
miseration
,>j- hanin longing, yearning, hankering, nostalgia, craving, desire
j^*-

protection; cover, aheiter, protection


lU-

pity,

com-

Amt'n pl. l>

AumA
{

protector,

defender, guardian; patron


(rfouia) protecting

v^"'

*l>*^'

power

(of a' protector-

ate)

hann

affectionate, loving, soft-

4-*U-

hmiya

pl.

-0/

patroness,

pro-

hearted,
merciful ;

tenderhearted,
tender,
soft,

compassionate,
gentle,

tectress; garrison (miJ.)


^^rf-

kind,

mahmty protected
*-*

(<->

by); being

moving, touching
Lj-

(voice)

under a protectorate, having the Status


of a protectorate
j

hannn
;

affectionate,

loving,

Lu

(minfaga)

tender
L*i

compassionate, sympathetic
tihnn

protectorate (country)

attachment,

derotion,

i-*^

mahmiya

pl.

-*

protectorate

loyalty

(country; pol.)
pLt

muAmm

pl.

j^l*

muhdmn

J\ tahannun Bympathy
u*- II to Lj-

tenderness,

affection,

defense counsel, counselor-at-law, lawyer,


barriater, attorney (at law),
*-*[
Jlrf-

adrocate

dye red
hinna

(* s.th.,

with henna)
(a

muhmiya woman lawyer


muhtamin one who
proteg ;
being
seeks
pro-

henna

reddish-orange

cosmetic gained from leaves and stalks


of the henna plant) robin (redbreast);
el- hinna)
j

LJ-I

_^jl

tection ;

under a pro-

ab

l-h.

tectorate, having the Btatus of a pro-

LJ-I

(colloq.

tamr

tectorate
%

henna plant (Lawaonia inermis;

bot.)
l\j-,
\j-

hamh

Hama

(city

in

Syria)

<JU- look up alphabetically


J-^- hanball Hanbalitic, of or pertaining to the ma4hab of Ahmad ibn Hanbai
puritanical, Btrict in religious

^- hanna hanker

(&'-*-

hanin) to long, yearn,

(Jl for),

crave

(Jl s.th.);

(oto

hanna, oLjaffection,

hann) to
(

feel tenderness,
s.o.)

sympathy

J* for

matters;

Bympathize,
feel

commiserate

(pl. iLij-

(J*

with),
h.o.),

hanbila) Hanbalite

compassion ( J*
with

for); to pity

(J*

o^iU-,

<jy\*- see

j*t^r

have mercy (J* on)


fi

II to

move, touch,
fill

tenderness,
(*Jj

soften,

with

jj- hanita a (hint) with

or l*-j

to

compassion

galbah

s.o.'s

heart)

break one's oath

to practica piety,

to blossom, flower, be in bloom (tree)

perform

works

of

derotion

to

seek

V to feel sympathy,

feel pity, feel

compas-

religious purification;

to scorn sin, not

sion (J* for s.o.), commiserate (J* with s.o.); to be tender, affectionate

yield to sin
<i-j- hint pl. iltLj-l

ahnt perJury; sin

; ;

C*-

hanjara

pl,

U*-

hanjir3

larynx,

i_x*-\

ahnaf* afflioted with a distortion

throat

of the foot

kunjr

pl.

^-U*- hanjir' larynx,

p>-

haniqa a (kanaq) to be furious, mad,

angry;
J*^*- hanjala
to prance (horee); to caper,
caper,

to

be

annoyed,

exasperated,
at, by),

peeved, irritated (J* or J*


embitter,

be

gambol
gambol,

II

tahanjala

to

dance,

resentful (J* or j* of) IV to infuriate,

enrage,
frisk
( b.o.)

exasperate,

irritate

^x*J^i-Lj-

Atndi

pl.

^jL- AandtV dark night


(bot.)

*- hanaq fury, rage,

ire,

wrath, anger,

handaqq

melilot,

(yellow)

exasperation, resentment, rancor


,*- haniq furious,
ful,

Bweet clover (Melilot us)


1*.

mad, angry;

resent-

hanaS

pl. ^Jli*-'

ahni snake
a corpse);to stuff (* a

bitter,

embittered, annoyed, exas-

perated, peeved
Sc*- II to

embalm

(.

g U-

hniq

furious,

mad,
*LA-1

angry
annoyed,

carcasa)

resentful,

bitter,

embittered,
|

l*. Atnfa wheat


.L*- hi-nta

exasperated,

peeved
life,

J*

JjU-

embalming

(AayA) weary of
L_iJI

dispirited, dejected;

ScJ- takannuf mummification


Scj

Jp JJU

(nis')

misogynist
,

j^-

muhnaq
bitter,

infuriated

enraged

muAannaf mummified
'arafta* ai-Aanffir victoria,

embittered,
light

angry, exasperated,

.L;J-1

ijjP

resentful

carriage designed for


IL>-

two passengers
)

iL*- hanaka

i u, II

and IV to

sophisticate,

hanzal

(coli.;

n. un.

colocynth

niake experienced or worldly-wise through


severe trials (said of fate, time, age)

(Citrullus colocynthis; bot.)

tjc- hanafa
,_^*-

to

tum

or

bend eideways
Ui-

dk*- hanak
true

pl. iiL*-l

ahnk palate

hanif

pl .

hunaf' *

Jl*. hanaki palatal


iL*- hunk, hink and *>- hunka worldly

believer,
falfie

orthodox; one

who

scorns the

creeds surrounding him and pro|

experienco,

worldly

wisdom gained

feses the true religion; true (religion)


_'-, Jl

through experience, sophiatication

j-Jl (din) the

True

(i.e.,

Islamic)

iU^ mvhannak
wiae,

experienced, worldly
|

Religion, also
L*~
L

U*-

Jl

ii-J-l (aamA')

sophisticated

di^j

ili**

(mu*

hanafi pagan,
Hanafitic
(see

heathen,
<Jt*-);

idolater
(pl.

bannak) shrewd, smart, sharp


(ji^-

(Chr.);

-n)

Hanafi
3-i*- hanafiya paganism,
(Chr.);

and

^*-) L*-

han u and

^- han

to

bend, curve, twist, turn; to lean, incline

heathendom

Hanafitic madhab

(an orthodox

(J* or
(J*),

Jf

toward

s.o.);

to feel for s.o.


s.o.),

achool

of

theology

founded
-t)

by Abu
tap;

sympathize (J* with

com-

Hanifah);

(pl.

faucet,

miaerate, pity (Jp s.o.), feel compassion, feel pity (J* for s.o.); to bend, bow,
flex,

hydrant

curve, crook (* s.th.)


tilt,

IV to bend,
;

ULJ-I

al-hamfiya

the

True

(i.e.,

bow,

incline

(*

s.th.

e.g.,

*--ij

Islamic) Religion

rcCaah one's head); to sympathize (J*

; ;

c
with
b.o.), feel

compaasion,
(

feel pity
J*> b.o.)

for s.o.), commiserate, pity

(Jp YII to

j^ munhanin bent, curved, crooked,


twisted; inclined,
J*i*

bowed
pl.

bend, curve, twist, tum; to be winding,

munkanan

oU^

munha*
a

be tortuous, wind, meander

(e.g.,

nayt bend, flexure, deflection, curvature;


turn, twit, break, angle; ourve
(of

aroad); toturn,deviate,digress(^frfrom);
to

bow

(J to s.o.); to lean, incline (J# or


Jl
o.a.

road, and math.); slope

3ji over B.th.,


a.th.}; to

toward

s.o.,

toward

devote

eagerly (J*- to s.th.);

O^L-

hnt

pl. C-aj^j*-

hawnifi stre, shop;

to contain, harbor (J# s.th.) | j^jLi l i>~* J* (i*^ V (&'* #0) I harbor no

wineahop, tavern
Jjj Uhnti
pl.

-iya

(eg, )

corpee

grudge, I

feel

no resentment

washer;
digger
*\j>-

undertaker,

roortician,

grave-

_^j- Aanu>

bending, deflection, flezing,


curvature,
twiting,

flexure,
t Urning

curving,

haww** Eve

_^*-

hinw

<~jj>-

pl.

L*-l

aAn'

bend, bow,

to abstahl from sin; to lead a pious to re&ain, abBtain (j- from


s.th.)

turn, twist, curved line, curve, contour;


pl.

life;

riba

l^L*-l

jn

in her

bosom
compaasion,

<ij>-

hauba

sin, offense,

misdeed, out-

_^j-

kunw

sympathy,

rage
Lj- haub'* soul
Cjj*- ht
pl.

tenderness, affection
J- Aan-j/ bending, deflection, flexing, curving, ourvature, twiting,

Ob-- Aiin, ol^*-i

aAwt
j

fish;

flexure,

whale;

Pisces,

Fishes

(astron.)

Oj*-

turning
i-^4^*-

^-L

A.

Bulaimn salmon

hanya bend, turn, curve


Aanti/a
pl.
|

j*- IY ahwaja to have need, stand in need,


arc;

LL*j-L*

kany
LL*-

be in want

(Jl

of

s.th.),

need, require,
in

camber, curvature

in hia

want
(Jl),

(Jl s.th.);

to put

( s.o.)

need of

boaom; * LL*- j
inaide
*jL*-

in hi heart,

deep

make

necessary

(Jl for s.o. s.th.),

him
kinya curving, curvature, twit-

require (Jl
(Jl

of

s.o. s.th.),

compel, oblige

s.o. to);
(. s.o.)

to impoverish, reduce to
|

ing, turning,

bending

poverty

Jl 4*rj*-\

L.

{ahwajah)
. . . !

how much he
OjJU- see below
^-

Stands in need of
...!

how

urgently he needs

VIII to have need,


(Jl of; also J),

mahnan

pl.

oU- mdhnin curva-

stand in need, be in want


need, want, require (Jl
rj*haiij

ture, bend, flexure,


L*;
I

bow, turn, curve

s.th., s.o.)

inhin* bend, deflection, curvature

need,

want,

lack,

de-

curve; arc; inclination, tut; bow, curtsy


SL^i inhin* a {n. vic.) bow, curtsy
jlji-l

ficiency, destitution

i^U- hja

pl.

-t

need

(Jl

or

^
;

of);

necessity, requirement, prerequisite

na-

al-hawnl the longest ribe;

(fig.)

tural, bodily

breast,

boBom

need; pressing need, neediindigence,

^j*-

*J*.

hi-mil'i

h.

ness,

poverty,

destitution ;

(they shouted) at the top of their lungs,

object of need or desire; desire, wish,

with

all their

might
inclined

request;
(head)

necessary
concern,

article,

requiaite;

^-

mahniy bowed,

matter,

business,
pl. \j>-

job,

work;

bent, curved, crooked

thing, object;

kaw'if needs.

zr
necessities, necessarieft;
effects,

212

everyday objecto,
atuff;

t$j>-

hdi coachman, cabman, driver

belongings,
|

posseBaions,
Jl

olothes, olothing

(J)

i^U-

OK* to

*ikr~ h4iya coaohman's


(jjp~)

work or trade
;

stand in need, be in want of


require (s.th.); (J) Jl
.

(s.th.),

need,

jU- hra

i*

to return ( Jl to)

to recede,

V^
1

V V

(Ad?ata)

deerease,
II

diminiah, be reduced (Jl to)

. .

is

not neoessary, not required, there


of...;
*j

to ohange, alter, amend, transform, re-

is

no need
it;

**-\*-

I don't

organise, remodel, modify (* or ,> s.th.);

need
if

jJX\

X*

if (or

when) neoessary,
i-^~
4*-U-l
aZ-A.

to roll out (* dough); to

make

white,

need be, in oaae of need;


unneceasary;
4-U-l Jrf.

j* J
*j

wbiten (*

a.th.);

to bleach (* a fabrio)

(0turt AdjoJin)

mto
(

talk, oonverae,
s.o.);
Ll_jj-.

have a conversation

the essentials;

fnoAaU

the

with

to diacuss, debate, argue

essential passage, the gist, the substance,

IT (with

jawban) to answer, reply

the crux, the interesting part (of an


exposition); c*-U- xuftftx

(with negations only)

to be altered,
re-

A/afaAfi to for
s.o.*s

changed,
organized,

amended,
remodeled,

transformed,

meet
needs;
fl.o.'s

s.o.'a

needs,
^^i

provide

modified

VI to

o-U-

gu5 AdjataAu to

fulnll

carry on a diaouasion

wish; -U-l ^i to relieve nature

oL*-U- hjiyt everyday commodities,


Utensils, Utilities, neoessaries, neoessities

jy~ hawar white poplar (also pronounced haur); bark-tanned sheepskin,


basil ;

marked

oontrast

between

the

rj*-'
s.th.)
;

oAuw;"1 in

greater

need

(Jl

of

white of the oornea and the blaok of the


iris

more neoeasary

pL^-l ihtiyj want, need, requirement


(pre)requisite,

#jU-

hra
oity);

pl. -t

quarter, part, section

necesaity;

pl.

-t

needs,

(of

(Tun.) ghetto; lane, alley,


(with
occasional
pl.

neoessities, neoessaries
ifrjUwt;*)

aide

atreet
|

<jjj*-

hawri)

xJ\ jU- A. as-sadd blind alley,

mahtvif

(pl.

of

y*

mvh

dead-end atreet
jj*-\ abwar*,
f. !;_>-

needy, poor, deatitute people


Aaurtf 1 ,

pL j^-

r\s*
s.th.).

muhtj in need, in want

(Jl

of

Aflr

having eyes with a marked contraat


(also,

requiring (Jl s.th.); poor, deatitute,

of white and blaek,


eye:) intensely white

aaid of the

indigent
*U-j*- haujala pl. J*r[>*- hatujiP pbial (eAem.)

and deep-blaok
cretaoeous

\j\y

hawwra

(hawral)

rook; ohalk
(j_j*-)

jU- hda u (haud) to

tum

aside,

away
off,

(j& from), turn (je off) II to

tum tum

iSj]y hatvri

pl.

-n diaciple, apostle

take a turning

(of Jesus Christ) ; diaciple, follower

jj*-

hauda turn, turning

<Jj\f hutvtvr cretaceous rock; chalk hjj^- hriya


virgin
pl.

(j_j*-)

JU- Ad(a u (Aaud) to urge on, spur on

-t,

jj;

hr houri,
(pl.
-t)

(* animala)

IT do.

of

paradise ;
j

i_jjj istahwada to

nymph

overwhelm,
s.o.;

overoome,

overpower

young
(Jp
nixie

locust

Hl <jjj*-

water nymph,

esp. emotions), get the better of

gain mastery (Jp over); to aeize (Je on), take possession (Jp of), usurp
(Jp),
(

o\jjp~

haurn 1 the Hauran, a mounplateau


in

tainous

SW Syria

and

Jp

s.th.)

Jordan

; ;

213

wr
enclosed
area,

jj mihwar
pin ;
ttxle,

pl. jjlrf

mahwir 2
center ;

rolling

enclosure;

precinct(s),

pivot,

core,

heart,

axis

boundary, city limite


ifjj*- hauzi poBsessory, tenurial

axletree
(coli.;

j\A mahr
shellfish,

n. un.

oystere;

j j-

Kaum

possession, holding, tenure


territory
|

mussels; mother-of-pearl, nacre


(n. un.)

property; area,
tJk

*Jjj*-

or

lj\-

mahra

oyster;

oyster

vj*-

/* A.

yadihi in his possession;

shell,

muaael; trowel

-r-**

Vj*- * t}*^ * ne defense of Egyptian

territory

jj- tahwir alteration, change, transformation, reorganization, reshuffle, re>*- hayyiz, haiz
pl. jL*-l

ahyz scope,

modeling, modification

rnge, reach, extent, compass, confines,


field,

domain, realm sphere >*;


|

j]y

Atuwrtalk, conversation, dialogue;


dispute;

j J--U V
(to

J_ji*il

(yadkulu)

it

is

not within the

argument,

text

(of a

play);

bounds of reason;

Script, scenario (of a


jj\-

motion picture)
talk,

Jji-Il >*- Jl j y
fact,
i.e.)

advance to the realm of

to

mtthwara

conversation,

become a

reality;

jtCVI >*- J

f\ h. il-

dialogue; argument, dispute


_)jL*i

imkn within the realm of


quite possible

possibility,

tahtvur discussion
jL*-

hiyza possession, holding, tenure;

{jj>-

and

>*-) jL- hza

{hauz, jL*- hiyza)

taking possession, occupation, occupancy;


acquisition of
right
title,

to possess, own, have (* s.th.); to gain,

acquisition of the

win, get, receive, obtain, achieve, attain


(a s.th., e.g., success, victory, etc.); to

of

possession;

obtainment,

at-

tainment, acquisition
>*:

gain possession, gain control (* of


seize,

s.th.),

monopolize (*

s.th.);

tahayyuz

partiality;

hza

prejudice,

(>*- haiz) to drive on, urge

on

bias
(* camels)

V tahawwaza and
twist, coil;

tahayyaza to writhe,

jL*l

\7ihiyz

Isolation,

seclusion, re-

tahayyaza to stay away,


o.a.,

tirement; partiality; prejudice, bias


J\*~ h'tz posseesor, holder, tenant
>j*i

keep

away,

seclude

isolate

o.s.

(^

from); to be disposed, incline, tend,

lean (Jl toward); to join (Jl s.o. or s.th.);


to aide (J, Jl with), take sides (J, Jl in

mutahayyiz

partial,

prejudiced,

biased

favor of) VII to isolate

o.s.,

seclude
o.s.,

o.s.,

jUw

munhz secluded,

retired, with-

separate, Begregate, disengage


sociate
o.s.,

dis-

stay away, keep away, retire,


or y> from); to join (Jl

drawn, removed (j* from); an Outsider, a stranger (j* to)


xj*^- VIII (eg.) to

withdraw
s.o.

(^

or

s.th.); to unite (Jl

with); to side

be in a quandary, waver,

(Jl

or J with), take sides (Jl or J in favor

hesitate

of) VIII to possess,

own, have

(* s.th.);

^(^j*-) ^L*- hSa u (hauS) to round up, drive


into

to take possession (* of s.th.); to keep,

a trap

(*

game); to stop, check,


s.th.),

prevent, hin der

(^

s.o.

from)
prevent, hinder {*

stand in the

jjj- hauz possession, holding, tenure;

way

{* of); to hold back, stem, stave

obtainment,

attainment,

acquisition

off (* s.th.) II to gather, collect,

amass,

taking possession, occupation, occupancy


(jwr.)

acoumulate,
save, put

pile

up, hoard (* s.th.); to

tenancy;

(pl.

j]y-\

ahwz)

by

(*

money); to find

(* s.th.)

0!T
J^jr-

hauS

pl.

^2^1

ahws,
area;

jLIaj-

(\?j*~)

-UU-

Ata

{huf,

*J*=*

Atta,

iLL.

iin enclosure, encloBed

court-

ty/a) to guard, protect (*,

s.o., s.th.),

yard ^jr- haivas

watch

(*,

over

s.o.,

over

s.th.),

have the

mob,

rabble, riffraff

custody

(*, of);

to attend (* to), take

care (* of), look after s.th. (*); to Suri^j*- hSi wild; unusual, odd, queer,

round, encircle, enclose, encompasa


s.o., s.th.)

(t-

strnge

II

to build a wall (*

around

^U-l
{Chr.)
8

s-^-l

usbu al-h Passion

Week

s.th..),

wall in (* a.th.); to encircle, Sur(* s.th.), close in


III to try
(

round
on
^l*-

from

all

sidea (*

s.th.)

to outwit, dupe, or
to

LiU,

^U

see

ji-,

-J>

Aa

Ji

outemart

s.o.);
(

mislead,

lead

astray, seduce
(._j

s.o.)

IV to Surround
l-

s.o., a.th.,

also *,

s.o., s.th.,

with);

<->-

Aaimf aquinting of the eyes (cauBed


light)

to encompasa, enclose, embrace, comprise,

by constant exposure to glaring


,j*j*-\

contain
2
,

(.->

s.th., also *); to ring, encircle


l-*

ahwa?, 2

f.

Lj-

hauqa

pl.

(>y s.o. , s.th., also m, s.o., s.th.,


s.th.), cloee in

with

u -->cyea

A?

having

narrow,

aquinting

from

all aides

(l->

on); to

know

thoroughly,

comprehend,
(l->

grasp
a.th.),

L*- hiysa girth.


A^i>- hausal, ~*L*j*- hausala

completely, underatand fully

be familir, be thoroughly acquainted

craw

(of a bird)

(l-*

with)

1,1*

J*U-I

('man) to

know

bladder; pelican l^jljll

iL^-1 (marriya)

s.th.

thoroughly,

have

comprehensive

gall bladder, bile (a;ia(.)

knowledge of
take note of

s.th.; to
s.th.;
.

take cognizance,
LI*

La) u- Auwaipti blister, bleb, vesicle;

u
he

*iUI

he in-

formed him of
water blister

.,

let

him know
a.th.);

about
iL^ij*- kuwaifiila pl. -t blister,
vesicle

he brought
(*,

...

to his notice
s.o.,

bleb,

V to guard, protect
take
precautions

to

(*

with

regard

to),

,j*j*-

hav4

pl.

u>!>-'

aAiwd,

^L*-

attend (* to); to be careful, be cautious,


hiy4,

Ui.*- Ai^n basin; water basin; trough,

be on one's guard VIII to be careful, be


cautioua,

watch out, be on one'a guard;

tank, cistern, reservoir, Container; basin of a river or sea; pool;


(in

the Egyptian

to take precautions,
for,

make
...);

provision (J
to Surround

irrigation system) a patch of land aur-

so

as to ensure

rounded by dikes, flooded by high watcr


of the Nile; pond;
pelvis {anat.); (garden)
,j*L*-

(l->

s.o., s.th.);

to guard, protect, preserve


care
(.->),
(-*

bed;

dock;

pl.

hiyd

(J* .-> s.th. from), take attend (l-> to), look after (l that)

of),
it

see to

(sacred)

ground, area, domain (to be proteeted),

sanctum
a\j-

JU ^j*-

(jjf)

dry dock;
,jij*jlj to

a_*- hlpi, haifa, *iy-

haufa cautious-

^j*-

hammm

bathtub; Aje

ness, caution, provident care, prudence,

('awwm) floating dock; oL- j*

circumspection
be

<^*-

-^

(hifatak) to
*Aj

assume the defense of

s.o.,

make

o.s.

the
t-

on

one'a guard, take precautions;

champion of
j.
-dl

s.o.;

to defend

o.s.;

<Lj-

thoughtlessly, unthinkingly, inad-

^-il*- J* {dabba) to
jnjJI ^j*)y-\

defend the faith;

vertently
51

OjJii-lj

coal

and iron deposits


(anat.)

L-

kiyta

guarding, cuatody, pro-

O *-<i>*-

uuatda renal pelvis

tection, care

, ; ; ,

215

-Uj j*1

tahwi$ encirclement
ihfa

(atlanfi)

the Atlantic Ocean; jjLX! L~\

(hdi') the Pacific


il>-l

encirclement, encompassJl*t

Ocean
(-

ment; comprehension, grasp, understanding,

muhf surrounded

by)

knowledge, cognizance

(i_j

of

s.th.),

J*>^ mutahawwif

cautious, prudent,

acquaintance, familiarity
formation, communication

(i_j

with); In-

provident, circumspect, careful, watchful

Jip- huf edge, rim, brim, brink; border,


ij^
tention,

iahawwuf

Provision,

care,
pl.

at-t

hem,

fringe

precaution,

prde nee;

precautionary measures, precautions


J LjI

l*- /a pl. -t, J>\j*-

hawfin border,

rim,
ihtiyp

brim, brink, verge ; edge ; fringe,


|

caution,

cautiousness
carefulness;

hem
(3j*-)

*-!*

ir'.

witbin

it,

in

it,

therei

prudence,
Provision,

circumspection,
care,
pl.

attention,
-t
j

precaution,

jl*-

hqa

(hauq)

to
(-

Surround,
s.o.,

prevention;

precautionary meas-

enclose, infold,
II
1

embrace

s.th.)

JL^-1M J-x- J* as a precaution, out of precaution, to be on


ures, precautions

(J*

s.o., s.th.)

j!p- hauqala

{51ip*J)li

hauqala) to pronounce
^!
*^i

the aafe aide

the formula:
;

V. Jj-^ (see l>j-

jWL^-l ihtiypi precautionary


lactic;

prophy2

haul)
SJJp- hauqala pl. Ji'_>*- aiwgt'P phial (cAem.),

preventive; replacement; Spare;

rn Compounds)

reserve- {in

Compounds)

Florence flask
(iJp-) iJl*Ajfea

stand-by; reserve funds, capital reserves


(fin.); reserve (mil.)
|

^tL^-l trj*- (AaJw)


jv\X>

u (hauk,

1JL>- AtyJfc,

^"L*-

detention pending investigation ;


1JLj>1

Aiyki) to weave (*

s.th.);

to interweave

precautionary
4-tL*-l
j\ji

measures,

pre-

(* s.th.); to knit (* s.th.); to braid, plait (*


s.th.)
;

cautions;
(mil.);

(qwt) reserves

to

contrive,
e.g.,

devise,

hatch,

jWL^-l Jl* capital reserve, reaerve


ijjJI

concoct

(*

s.th.;

ruses, intrigues,

fund; *UM
serves

Jl-^-l

(crude-)oil

re-

pre texte), think up, fabricate, create (*


s.th. in one's

imagination)

Jaj*U- *t pl.

jLL-*- hifn, -*L- hiyt,


j

iTLj- hiyka weaving; knitting; braidtng, plaiting


jiJL*-

Jul^. haw'ip 2 wall

JLJ.I

Joll*-

A.

aJ-

mabk
-UU-I
bihi
r

Wailig

Wall

(in

Jerusalem)

h'ik pl.

iS'L*-

hka weaver;

^jc
ur$a

A*

(u^i

or) Jll alq {tfaraba)

(mor.)

an outer garment made of a long

l-h'it to

make

little

of s.th.,

piece of white woolen material, covering

scorn,
s.th.,

disdain,

despise s.th.; to rejeet

body and head


(Jp-

discard s.th., throw s.th. overboard;

to ruin, thwart, foil s.th.


-Uj_**-

and

J--) Jl*-

hla u to change, undergo


shift, turn,

a change, be transformed; to
hawip
(eg.) clever, smart,

shrewd
s.th.)

pass,

grow

(Jl into s.th., also *),

become

Ja_

muhX\
;

surrounding

(-

(Jl s.th.);
e.g.,

to deviate, depart (je from,

comprehensive
with);

familir, acquainted

(^

a commitment), dodge, evade, fa

(pl. -t)
,

circumference, periph,

to meet (je s.th.); to elapse, paus, go


(time)
;

by

ery

eztent

rnge

scope ,
milieu,

compass
environolL-tf

(*ij^*- hailla) to

prevent (Ojj
r

reach,

domain,

area ;

s.th.); to intervene, interfere, interpoae,

ment, surroundings;

ocean;
|

pl.

come d>j between)

|-i^*

je

Jl*-

ahd) to

surroundings, environment

^^Lii^! Ja_^l

withdraw from a contract; j^i

,>* Jl*-

216

j*y\ lt j.j * niftke s.th. inaccessible to


s.o.,

hawivala to change, undergo a change;


to be

impossible for

s.o.

to bar or obstruct

changed
,

(Jl to),

be transformed, be
(

s.o. 's

way
deny

to s.th.; to prevent s.o.


s.o.

from
JU-

transmuted

be
s.th.),

con verted

Jl

into)

s.th.,

s.th.;

juj

<-J

,jo

become

(J!

tum, grow

(Jl into),

liliiVl (i^fq) to resist


o.s.

compassion, deny

transform

(Jl

j- or jp from
(

any sympathy

II

hawwala to change

change, develop, evolve


to);

Jl

j* from
away

into),

(Jl *

or * * s.th. to s.th. eise), transform,

to withdraw, go
(Jl

away, leave; to

tranamute, convert, turn,

make

(Jl * or

move

to a residence); to turn

* a s.th. into s.th. eise); to transplant


(* s.th.); to transfer (a s.th.); to
(

(^

from), turn one's back (^p on); to


(,jp

convert
switch

deviate

from); to depart, digress,

s.th. ,

mathematically ) ;

to

stray (&JJ\

commutate
transform
railroad

(* current; el.); to convert,

nounce,
s.th.);

forgo, relinquish,

J* from the way); to redisclaim (^p


|

(a current; el.); to

shunt (* a a railroad

to proceed slyly or cunningly


J_j^ to

car);

to switch

(a

5L#-

JT

employ every conceivable


to

track); to remit, send, transmit (a s.th.,


e.g.,

trick ;

tdhayyala

employ
attain

artful
{J

money by
(Jl

mail, Jl to s.o.); to pass

means; to ponder ways and means


to

on,

hand on

* s.th. to

s.o.);

to forward

an end,

in

order

to

s.th.)

(Jl > s.th. to s.o. or to

an address); to
(a s.th., also

VI iahwala to try, endeavor, take pains


(Jp to do s.th.), strive (Jp for); tahyala and VIII to employ artful

endorse (a a

bill

of exchange, a promis-

sory note); to direct,


Ji

tum

nazratan a glance, Jl to or toward);

means, resort to

tricks, use

stratagems

to divert, distract, keep or s.th. from); to

(^

a or

s.o.

tum away,

avert

(/-*j

(Jp against s.o.); to deceive, beguile, dupe, cheat, outwit, outsmart (Ja s.o.);
to be out (Jp for s.th.) or achieve (Jp s.th.) by artful means, by tricks VIII to

^
off,

bofamk
switch

one's eyes from); to

tum
el.)
\

off,

disconnect (a current;

oJI J^*- (daffa) to

turn the heim, change

work
IX

or

strive

on

one's

own

re-

the course III hwala to try, attempt,

sources),
J_p-I

make

efforts

(on

one's

own)

endeavor

(a s.th., jl

to

do

s.th.),
(jl

make
to

ihwaUa to be cross-eyed, to
to change (Jf to, into), turn,
(Jl into);

an attempt, make an
s.th.); to

effort

do

squint

Beek to gain (a s.th.)

by

artful

be transformed, be converted
to

means; to deceive by pretenses, make


excuses, hedge, dodge IV to change (a a or Jl a s.th.
to),.

be
Jl

transubstantiated
into the

wine,

and body and blood of


(bread
or s.th. different);

Christ; Chr.); to proceed, pass on, shift,

transform, tranamute,

tum, make

switch
(a

a or Jl a B.th. into); to

(Jl to s.th.

new

to be impossible

convert, translate (a a or Jl * s.th. into);


to transfer
Jl
(* s.th.);

(Jp for s.o.); to be in conceivable, absurd, preposterous

to remit, send

(* s.th.

or Jp to s.o.); to assign (a,


;

s.o.,

JL- hol m. and


condition,
State ;

f.,

pl.

J1^-l

ahwl

or Jp to s.o.) to turn over, hand over, pass on (Jp or s.o. or s.th. to); to forward (Jp a s.th. to); to refer (J)
s.th., Jl
s.o. to);

Bituation ;

poeition,

Status ;

circumstance ;

case ;

present,

actuality (as opposed to future); circumstantial expreBsion or phrase {gram.); pl.:

to cede, transfer (a a debt,


|

Jp
he

to s.o.; jvr.)

J\A\
off;

(Jl)

> J^l
JL-XII

(uhila,

conditions,
fairs,

ciroumstances ;

matters,

af-

ma'i) and

-IpUiII

Jl

J--l

{taq'ud)

concerns; cases; hla (prep.) dur-

was

pensioned
the
bill

Jl

C-L-1
to

ing; immediately upon, right after; just


at; in case of
...

j^.jj_rJI

was protested (n.) V

in the

eventof

.. .;

VI*-

217

hlan presently, immediately, at once,


right away, without delay; now, actually,

^jl^LJi
(

h.

af-tawri' state of
(talabbus)

emergency;

rxUI JU- j
;

flagrante delicto

at present

Jli-I

j and

JU

on the

(jur.); Jall

JU-I (madanlya) civil status,

spot, at once, immediately; JU(Iculli

Jf J*

legal status

JU-I j* su

al-h.

predic-

hlin)

and JU-

^1 Je (ayyi h.) in

ament, plight

any

ca8e, at

any
it

JU- (yabq)

rate, anyhow; Je JJ-j remains unchanged, just

JU-

hall

present,

current,

actual,
;

existing;

momentary, instantaneous UU|

as it is; Jl_>*-Vl j- JU-

in

some case or

hllyan at present, actuallj


(pra) snapshot (phot.)

IJU- jj~#

other,

anyway,

if

occasion 8hould arise,

possibly; {with neg.)

by no meana, under
all,

no circumstances, not at

in

no way;

SJU- hliya actuality, topicality, timeliness

JU- J*, Jltf, JU- ^L bi-ayyi h. with neg. by no meana, not at all, in no way;

Jj^- haul pl.

Jl_>*-I

ahwl year; might,


J_>*-

Jli-I jJJiT

the same goes for


it is

...,

it is

power

<iL

VI

y Vj

V
is

l haula

the same with..., with...;

also the
as
is

case case

wa-l qwaia

ill bi-llh

there

no power
Jj*-

JU-I j*
yJiS"

1^

the

and no strength save iL Vj (wa-l


hllata)

in

God; J
is

V
at

with;

.iJJU-

how

are

you? Jl*

*^

he

completely
is

a thing in thing ;
j

itaelf,
1

a separate, independent
I

powerless, he can do nothing, he

ji-

J ly- V

(jaunviya)

atmos -

the end of his resources

pheric conditions;
(Sajcpiya)
statistice;

*..a^lll

Jl^*-Vl

Tl*
vital

courts

dealing
JL>*-VI

with
(pli

Jj hiwal change of
V_>*-

place, change

4kdt
Statute ;

or)

u>li

<Ce _jiiu
it

V (yabtagna) they don't


it

personal
referent
(gram.);

JU-

<_->-L*

noun
phrase

want

otherwise, they ask for

of

circumstantial
h.

Jj

haula

(prep.)

around,

about;

JU- ^jt. 'ard


Jli-I

application,

circa, about,

some, approximately, rough-

memorial, petition;
see

uUJ, JU-

ly (with following in

number); about

(esp.

jLJ
(conj.) as
-t

news headings, approx.


|

re,

concern-

HU- hlam JU- hla


uation;

soon as

ing)

J_>*-

(haulihi)

(=

<!_>*-)

around
Cf

him
pl.

(or

it),

about him

(or it); Lj-Jj*-

condition, state; Sitactual) case; hlata


(conj.)

(haulaihim) around the

two of them,
vicinity,

(possible,
|

about them; from their


their surroundings (dual)

from

(prep.) during

jl

JU- hlata an
the
case,

whereas; ai* JU-lj under these circumstances,

such

being

things

Jj

haull periodic, temporary, intcrim

being as they are; JUcase of


<u

(hlati) in (the)
.. .,

one year old (animal), yearling; young


animal; lamb, wether

...,

in the

event of
case

e.g.,

JU-

j j
li-

Li

(giybihi)

in

of his absence,

O
(=

^LJj*-

hauliyt

yearbook,

annals

lijJl

JU- j (wajh)

in case of death;

Fr. annalea, as a scientific publication)

JU-I * in thia (that) case; jl JUhlati

an

in case that..., in the

event
1^ as
(ijti*

J-J-Je*"

hau strength,

force,

power, vigor

that...;
is

lil

U JU- j

if ;

JLLl

^
*^^-

the case with...;

2-fr-l

Je (standing) upright, erect; y V "^J ^ (qwata) completely helpless and

in'iya) marital status; *jjJ-I

oVU-l

(jaw*

paralyzed
iL*2 Ulla pl. J-*- hiyal, J~>U-I ahyil

wlya) atmospheric conditions; JbX-\ JUA.

al-katar

stand-by,

alert,

state

of

artifice, ruse,

stratagem, maneuver, suttrick


;

alarm; i^l^l JU-I the status quo; JU-

terfuge,

wile,

device,

shift

218

means to accomplish an end; expedient,


makeshift, dodge, way-out; legal strat-

(also

Jl

V alone) most
by
all

certainly, pos-

itively, absolutely,

means
transB.th.)

agem

(for

the purpose
|

of in fraudem

legis agere)

-JLI-I

what's to be done?

Jj^

tahwil

transformation,
(J[

mutation,

con version

into

j J

<L/-

^ (Mota) I have no poasibility

change, alteration, modification; trans


plantation ;
version,

to..., I

am

in

no

position to

...;

j-U

l*

trans position,

reversal,

in
dis

iL- (&i-yadt) I

can do nothing, I can get

translocation,

dislooation,

nowhere; VI

L*- -Uf A

Jam ya;2 At/afan


. . .

placement; transfer, assignment; con Version (e.g.,of currency); conversion, trans-

t he couldn't

do anything except
...; JLi-l

he had no other choice than


(a'yathu) he

^#1

formation (of electric current);


fer
(fin.
;

was at a

Ioss,

he was at the

trans-

end of his wits

Jj_>* t. ad-dain) remittance (of money), transmittal, send


also
ing, forwarding;

^oJl

^*-

kiyali cunning, crafty,

wy,

sly,

bl of exchange, promis

tricky, foxy

sory note, draft (com.); check; endorsecraftier, wilier

Jj-I
J_>-

ahyaP

ment

(com.); c.o.d., cash

on delivery

L^VI
kawal squinting, Strabismus
f. 1 fj*. aui' ,

o^U-JI Jl Ji^dl

IUI

<Lli {q&i.

Uyal ui-'vmla, ajnabiya) convertibility of


currency

Jj^l ahwaP,
i
squinting,

pl. J>p-

Bquint-eyed,

cross-eyed,

L^

tahwila pl. Jj.jU^ tahvAl* branch,


;

waUeyed
JjJAu'i
;

offsboot ; Biding, sidetrack (railroad)

aide

change,

transformation,
s.th.)

canal (irrigation; Eg.); switch (railroad)


iljLtf

transmutation
Jt_j-

prevention (0>> of

muhwala
or

pl.

-t

attempt, try;

At'unf obstacle; partition, screen

effort,
shifta,

endeavor; recourse to expedienta,


dodges,

JL

Juy&j (prep.) in view of


...,

...,

with

dodging,

hedging

regard to

in the face of, opposite, in

4jLlife,

front of, before


ti\jf kauxlla pl. -t

Jp <ljU (haytihi) attempt on murderous aasault


ihla
;

s.o.'s

assignment, cession
(promissory)

<Jl*-l

transfer,

conveyance, asforwarding,
re-

(jw.);

bl

of

exohange,
|

signment
ferring
(

remittance ;

note, check, draft

JjjJI

JJ_>-, Sj-Ijj; *1\j*-

Jl or

Jp to a competent autbori-

money
check
Jl_>-

order; j*

iJlj- .

sajar traveler's

ty); transmission, transmittal;


{fin.);

O transfer
{Isl.

cession,
|

assignment
iJl*-1fL

Law);

abeurdity

hawi (prep.)
approximately,

around,
roughly,

about
SJL-VI

Jp

with reference to;


sitting

^li
1

magistrate

at

de<Jl*-l

circa,

about,
fendant's arraignment, trial judge;

some (with following number)


*J_jL-

u^l
e.th.)

(>) J (ma'S) and

.fettdl

Jl

*IUI

hailla Separation, Interruption,

(taq'ud) pensioning off


J_>*

disruption; prevention

(up of

takawwul change, transformation,

JU
below)
iJUt

mahdla

31*

(see

transmutation; abrupt change, sudden


turn, reversal ; shift, transition ; departure,

maAJa

roller,

wheel (of a draw

deviation,

digression

(je-

from) ;

re-

weU)

nunciation
SJU-

(je of)

JpuH <k*

nuqfat

mahlata minhu
is

at-t.
it

turning point
tricks, trickery

is

inevitable; there

no doubt about

it;

Js* tahayyvl use of

; ;

JjUT tahyvl and JL^-I

t'*y&

use of

([V*") f^"
cirole,

b^ ma u (haum, Ly- Aawamn) to


hover, glide
(in

tricks, trickery; cunning, craft, subtlety,

the

air;

of

artfulness ;

malice,

treachery ,

perfidy

bird, also of an aircraft); to hover,

swarm,

deception, fraud

buzz

(Jj*-

and J# around)

-L* i^iJI C-*U-

Jjl*

tahyuli

and

(faibka,

Jl~*-I

iktiyli

fliddah) suspicion concentrated


II

fraudulent, e.g., JLj-I

^^1

on him, he was suapeoted


(ifls) frau-

to

circle in

dulent bankruptcy
ULc^l istihdia ohange, transformation,

the air; to hover in circles, to cirole; to

go around, revolve (thoughts and


in one'a

iinages,

head or mind); to browse (j in

tranamutation,

turn,

shift,

tranaition

a book)

transubstantiation (Chr.); impossibility,


inconceivability, abBurdity, preposterous-

y
thick

hauma

pl.

-5t

turmoil of battle,

nesB

of the fray;
(tun.)

main

part,

bulk,

main body;
JJU- h'il
obstruotion,
pl. JJlj-

quarter, section (of

Aawd'iP obstacle,
(uj*

a
iJU-

city)

impediment
j

on the
I);

way
'

to

s.th.,

jo
;

see

JU- hla

and

<UU> see

,>-

barrier; partition, acreen, folding screen;

(pl*

4f

Auwun/) changeable, variable,


changing
feeble,

Cj^U- see _y*,jjm~

frequently

languid,

haw

i to gather, collect, unite (* s.th.);

wan, pallid

to encompass, embrace, contain, hold,


pl. -<W Converter, trans-

J^ muhaww
former
iJyt
ul*
(tl.)\

enolose, comprise, include poasess,

(*

s.th.);

to

endorser

own, have
hand)

{*

s.th.);

to

clasp

(* a.th., the

to curl (up), coil (up)

muAaurwtbz switch (railroad)

VIII to encompaBS,
hold,
enclose,

embrace,

contain,
(*

J^

mukawvxd
<t

'alaihi o.o.d., oaah

comprise, include

or

on devery;
J-rf.

J^

oolleoted

on

delivery
(JJ.

J#

a.th.); to possess,

own, have

(* or

Jp

s.th.)

muAil

transferor,

assignor

Zau

<ij^)

hatvtya

convolution,

coil,

curl,

roll; pl. \j\j*~

hawy

intestines, bowels,

Jl*
able,

mukl

inconceivable,

unthink-

entrails
*i]y- hatoya pL -t (eg.) wase, round pd to support a brden on the head or on the back

imposaible,

absurd, preposterous,

unattainable
J^=* mutahaunoil changeable, variable,

changing

*Jj**dl

->VVI

(a'y&i)

the jU- hwin


pl. 1^-

movable
Jljrf.

feasts (Chr.)

hutoh anake charmer;

juggler, conjurer, magician

muktl artful, cunning, deceit-

ful,

treacherous, perfidious, fraudulent;

j\jj&

muhtawayt content (s) (of a


|

Bwindler, cheat, impostor, fraud; crook,

book, of a receptaole)

,j->l <z>L mJz- the

scoundrel; assignee

(Isl.

Law)

ul

Jl^
{Isl.

innermost thoughts, the secrets of the


heart
-

debtor of a ceded claim, transferee

Law)
(t/" Js*

J.*rjL^

mustahll

imposaible,

absurd,

PW
see,

L* yahy itf" ^tf** t/" hayya hayh) to live; hayya to live to

preposterous; 0">L*i. impossible thingB,


imposibilities, absurdities

ezperience,

witness
|

(*
l

s.th.),

live

(*

through a time)

illil

yJ

li-yahya

l-malik long live the king !


L*
of,

^- hayiya
aehamed
(,>

QjUI
biologist
|

ohy'i biologic(al);
-jL-I

(pl.

-n)
bio-

yaky

(L*-

hayA*) to be
II

W*^*

{Hmtyd*)

because of)

L^ hayy
( s.o.)

to keep
life;

ohemistry
,&- hayiy bashful, ahy, diffident,
*L*-

{ s.o.) alive,

grant

a long

to

modest
bashi

say to

s.o. (.):*"!

t&~*

your

life!;

to greet,
life

may God preserve Baiute ( s.o.) IV L#-l


*

haya

shame,

diffidence,
|

ahy to lend
enliven,
life,

(*,

to

s.o.,

to s.th.),

fulness,

timidity ;

shyness
LA-1

LA-

JJj

animate, vitalize,

endow with
revivify

shameless, impudent;

< qiUat al-h.

call into

being

(* s.th.) give birth

shamelessness, npudence
L-

(*

to);

to

revive,

reanimate,

hayh

pl. olj--

hayawt
|

life; life-

(* a.th.), give

new

life (* to);

to put on,

blood; liveliness, animation


h. ar-rif

J*iJ\ L*-

produce, stage, arrange (*


rical

e.g.,

a theat-

country
public

life,

rural life; Uli LJ-1

Performance,

celebration,
s.th.,

and
a

fmma)
life;

life;

JJUl ILJ-I
l-h.

family
living

the like); to celebrate (a


festival)
j

also

LJ-1

j>^

mustaw
a*-.

jijS'Jl L-l

($ikr) to

commemJJI JJI
night
L*-l L*-l

Standard;
tjj-*-

LU J* 'n*

biology
life,

orate (a deceased person), observe the

anniversary (of
(Jail)

Aayautf lively, fll of

vital,

s.o.'s

death);
oil,

to burn the midnight


(dULtan)

vigorous; vital, essential to


in
*ijs*-

life

"iL*

to
L*-l

spend the
(aahrata) to

hayawiya

vitality, vigor,

vim
jIj*

prayer; !^Jl
in
*ii*-

perform
Lp-I

C->Lj--

hayawiyt:

obj-/ oL*>

the

evening

(of

an

artist);

(mawdd mu$dda)
]rf(coli.)

antibiotics
-<M

(haflatan)

to give a Performance;

to perform
JLJ

at

celebration
4*

(axtist);
il-

hayawn

pl.

animal, beast;
|

d^

^jill

c~^-\

qad ahyat

animals, living creatures


(tadytya)

CjIjIj-*-

firgatu tatta laylin the theatrical troupe

LjJj

mammals;

jif

oljjj-*(fufailt)

gave thxee evening Performances utahy to spare keep


of
istah to be
B.th.,
s.o.'s
()
life,

X
let

L*~l
live,
L

(muj'tarra)

ruminants; J^iL ]^-

parasite; oj^J-l 1* 'tfm. aJ-A. zoology


Jlj-*- Aayaiinl
ic(al)

alive ( s.o.); L*^l-I istahy,

f^\

animal

(adj.); zoolog-

ashamed

to face s.o.; ^*

because of

s.th.); to

beoome or
s.o.),

4J]^-Aayawntyabestiality;animality,

feel

emharrassed (^ in front of

be

animal nature
,^j*-

embarrassed {^ by); to be bashful, hy,


diffident
(j*-

huwayyin

pl.

-<ft

minute animal,

animaloule

byy

pl*

's*-'

hya* living, live,

alive;

lively,

lusty,

animated,

active,

,--1

aAyd

livelier;

more

vigorous,

energetio,

unbroken,

undaunted,

un-

more
5_*:

vital

dismayed; living being, organism; trihe,


tribal

toAfya pl.

-<W, LLtf

tahy greeting,

oommunity; block of apartment


f

salutation; Baiute; cheer

(=
|

wish that

houses; seotion, quarter (of a city)


Lp-VI

U
(

'Um

al-ahy'

biology;

iUl

y-

1 S"jJ i-* j iahxyatan li-dikrhu in Order to keep his

God may

give s.o. long

life)

h. aX-lam.

houseleek tree (Sempervivum


bot.)

memory
i jS^-JI

alive, in

remembrance of him;
mUitary salute
enlivening

arboreum L.;

4_Jl ('askariya)

^- hayya

^LJi

J*^- hayya

ai t-pak

LpI

iAy*

animation,

come to prayer!
*-*-

revival, revitalization, revivincation; ar-

hayya

pl. -t

snake, serpent, viper

ranging, Staging, oonducting, putting on,

;,

221

holding (of a celebration)

j^-UI

L-l

t.

1^-*-

haitum

wherever,

wheresoever

a4-dikr commemoration (of a deceased


person);
gen.) in

(place);

wherever, no matter where...


jJ\
|

j^-U

L-l

(ihy'an) (with
of...,
in

foll.

(direetion)

]*.

(iUafaqa)
(or be),

any-

commemoration
...; ol_>ll .L*-l
i.

me-

where, wherever
ardly, at

it

was

haphaz-

moriam

al-mawl

culti-

random
pl.

vation of virgin land

Vjj- haifiya
Li<-I istihy'

-t

standpoint; view-

shame

diffidence, bash-

point, point of view, approach; aspect,


respect, regard, oonsideration ; high social

fulness, timidity; shyness

L* muhayyan
4jOII
ii^jl

face,

countenance
al-muetahiya senbot.)

Btanding, social distinetion, dignity;


also
:

pl.

considerations,

legal
is

reasons

on

as-silt

which the judgment


O'w.)
JLJ-I

hased,

opinion

sitive plant

(Mimosa pudica;

(SjjUI)
|

oLSJ.1

jji

(daw) or
people
of

t~*-

hau

(conj.)

where (place

and
as

di-

t->l*M t

oLjLA-I

^l^H

rectum); wherever; since, as, due to the


fact

(high) social Btanding,

prominent people,

that;

whereas;

inasmuch

people
|

l <t~*-

(anna) Bince, as, because, due to

(hayawniya)
point

of distinetion; vLte^"' Vs^-' t> from a zoological view-

the fact that...; in that...; u6" >i*-

wherever

it

be; in

-*- Jl il

any case, at any rate; hau where (direetion); to


.

Jj-JJ-

al-hitiyn the Hittites

where

.,

to the place where

. . ;

-*- j.

min haitu from where, whence, wherefrom;


foll
.

hda i (hatd, j^*- huyd, jlj-*(V-) hayadn, jl* mahid) to deviate, swerve,
J L-

where

(place);

whereas;
to , as

(with
for

depart, desist (je from); to leave, quit,

nominative )
,

as

give up, abandon, relinquish (je s.th.);

concerning
to,

regarding ,
of,

with

respect
of;

je

<;

jU- to dissuade or get


to
incline,

s.o.

away
to,

in

view

because

j^>

from...;

tend
(Jl,

(Jl,

j*.

liJl

d- min

h. t-taqjatu

with regard
is

toward), shade, blend

j*

into) II to

to

education,

as

far

as

education

keep aside, put aside <*

s.th.) III to

stay

concerned; jjOj

IIj

jjOj _*. j (yadri


it

away, keep apart


s.th.);

(*,

from
(*,

s.o., b.o.,

from
s.th.)

wa-l yadri) whether he knows

or not,

to avoid, shun

knowingly or without

his

knowledge;
without

TU

to depart, deviate, digreaa, swerve

V ^*- j* (with
iteelf,

foll.

imperf.)

(j* from)
-l-

(being, doing, etc.) ; ja

^*. j.

as such, in
haid,
jl-L-

jh -* j.

jJUil

('lam) the world


_i-

hayadn

deviation,

in iteelf, the

world as such; jl ^
as;
as,

j.
the

digression, depart ure, Bwerving,


aside, turning
0--

tuming

(anna)
fact

inasmuch
since,

in

view

of

away

that;

due to the
inasmuch
as ;

fact

haida deviation, digression, swerv;

that ;

<t~*

bi-haitu

in

ing,

departure (from a course) neutrality


|

Buch a manner that..., so as to...; so


that...; such as...; (he found himself)
at a point or degree where, e.g., j. c-j*

impartiality

I.L*-

J*

aside,

apart, to

one aide
-L*

jy" V t~- ;ljJl (bar'a, tar) was so naive that she couldn't
*J

=
see

she
.

mahid avoidanoe (je of


it is

s.th.)
|

<* jl* V (mahida)


. .

unavoidable
|

it~J^

insofar
jl

as

...

not,

provided

jL-

hiyd neutrality
i-J^I

that... not;

*t~* (anna) in such a

neutral;
(railroad)

(pol.) aLJ-I J* je aU- (fa) derailment

manner

that..., so as to..., so that...

222

j:>L- hiydi neutral (pol.)

j-'U-

h'ir

disconcerted,

perplexed,

startled,
JjI^
Oj'U-

diamayed; embarrassed, help;

muhyadtr neutrality

{pol.)
less,

at a loss, at one's wit's end

baffled,

haid neutral

(pol.)

bewdered,
(pol.)
;

confused,

uncertain
|

(j

X>\

muhyid neutral
(pol.)

OjJu\

about); Btraying, astray


I

*^\

j J\~

(amrihi)

confused,

baffled,

bewdered,

the neutrals

embarrasaed, at a
OjLlu muiahyid neutral
iWjJ-" haidarbd*
(pol.)
j,-

loss, helpless

muhayyar embarrassed,

at a loss,

Hydarabad
(ij**~

helpless
_^*i.

j**-)

jU- Ara (Ist pera. perf. hirtu) a

mutahayyir

and

jlirf-

muhtr

haira, j\_r*- hayarn) to

become confused;
j*- aeej^jtj**- flee

to become or be helpless, be at a Iosb,

know nothing (j
hesitate,

off about}; to waver,


J

be unable to choose (joj 0; between and) j jU- (amriAf) to


. |

<-?'j*-

j*l

be

confused,

baffled,

bewdered,

dis-

(u-V")

u-

^- h*W a

'

{bau*

~*~*t~ **#*.

mayed; to be
end
plus,

at a loss, be at one's wit's

mahifi) to flee, escape (j* s.th. or


s.th.),

o*^from

II to confuae, baffle, bewilder,

non-

run away (j* from), turn one's

embarrasa

( s.o.)

to become con-

back (y. on) VII do.


^j*?- haif, ***lj- haifia flight, escape

fused; to be or

become diamayed, atartled,


waver
(uncertainly)

baffled, perplexed (j by), be at a loas (j

j^_i fj*^-

(**J

waqa'a

fi

haifa

baijta

as

to)

to
|

(Ju

to

get

into

bad

fix,

meet

with

between)

j\

jJ-

(amrihi)

to

be

difficulties

confused, baffled, bewdered, diaconcerted,

be at a

Iobs,

be at one's wit'B end


iJ

VIII

=V
j

^J- mahlf

flight,

escape;
|

place

of
it

s*- hair fenced-in garden, enclosure


JjJ-l

refuge, retreat, sanctuary


1b

,j*~t-

O;
i

jw
zoo

h.

aX-hayawn

zoological

unavoidable; l ,y ua^-X jj oouldn't but ..., they had no


alternative but to
.

they
otber

garden,

ijw haira confusion, perplexity, bewilderment, embarrasament, helplessness |


j~~
(jrfL-)

CiU-

h4at

(haia*,

^^

mahf,

embarraBBed, at a low, helplesa


hairn9 ,
f.

^i\A

mah4)

and

to

menstruate,

have a monthly period


lj-*-

iSJf hair,
confused,

pl.

tfjV"

hayrd,

huyr

perplexed,

jj- ha%4

(n.

un.

**i^)

and ^L-

Btartled, diamayed, diBconcerted, baffled,

hiy4 menstruation, monthly period

nonplused, bewdered, appalled, taken

^'U
ating

hai4

(f>)

*nd

<^j'U-

menatru-

aback, Btunned; embarrassed, at a

loss,

at one' wit'a end; uncertain, helpless,

sheepish

(smile,

etc.),

confused,
like)

in-

-,

iLL-,

lL^,

.UL- see ]j*(haif) to deal

coherent (words, and the

\Jt--) 'JiU- hja

unjuatly

jj.

tahayyur

confusion,

perplexity,

with

bewderment, dismay; embarrasament,


helple

s.o.);

wrong, injure, hrm (J* to restriot, Iimit, curtail, impair


s.o.),

(Jp

s.th.),

enoroaoh

(J*

upon)

to

impair, injure, prejudice, violate (* or

portunity,

bide

one's

time

X ^>^-t

s.th.),

encroach, infringe

(*

or

j*

istahyana to wait for the right time

upon)
.J--

jU- hn bar; cabaret


haif

wrong,
|

injuBtice;
<As-

hrm,
a
it

U- hna

pl.

-t

damage, prejudice
pity!
is

Jt* what
V
(haifa)

bar, wineshop,

wine

tavern; pub, tavern, taproom


,>,>-

too

bad!

<o

Jjl^it is

not out of place,

quite appro-

hain death, destruetion


hin
pl. L-l

priate
2

aAyn, joL-l ahyin*

1jL-

haif Haifa (seaport in

NW Israel)
all

time; propitious time, good time, op-

portunity ; hina (prep.) at the time of


(J-*-)

...,

jU- hqa
(<_j

to Surround, beset from


;

at,

upon;

(conj.) at the

time when, when;

sides
{i_j

s.o.)
s.o.,

to

fall,

descend,
,

come
s.o.),

as soon as; U_j- hinan for

some time;
sometimes
j

upon

punishment)

befall, over(<_j

once, one day; UL-I ahynan occasionally,


L--

take,

grip,

seize,
(<_j

overcome
to)
;

from

time

to

time,

happen,
pierce
affect,

oeeur

to

penetrate,

(J the body;
influence

of a sword);
s.o., all

to

times

--

sometimes

sometimes,
j
a
while;

at

at times; joL-VI

at times,

(j

s.th.)

IV to
s.o.);

sometimes,

once

in

^^m j
and
(J

Burround, beset from


to bring

sides

(<_

(li^V) L^Vl
L-Vl ba'da
l-a.

ba'4i l-a.

^i

down

(*

<_

upon
(<_j

s.o. s.th.),
s.o.)

cause

sometimes, occasionally,

s.th. (*) to

descend

upon

now and
(of

then, once in a while, from time

J--

haiq

consequence,

effect

to time, at times; jL-VI i_-UI


l-a,

fi

aglabi

mideed redounding upon the evildoer)


iL*- II to weave
S~L- see

mostly, mot of the time, in most

cases; ,>- Jl for

some time; meanwhile,


4^> j then, at the
li

for the time being;

i\y

time, in his
;

(its)

time; in due time, at

iL- haik
1

the appointed time; jU-l


tfUL-

da l-hina
j from

see i\j~
etc., see

just

now, right now; ^i-l

jjij

^r

V, iL-, j^l, JL^,


i

^L^,

J^-;

that time on, from then on;


until that time,
foli.
tili

j^i-l iJii Jl

J-j2

see

_ji*-

then; ^j-

(with
j*>-

verb) whereas; jl Jkp.

JjL-

hyil 2 Hail

(town and oasis in

j and jl
...,

J* J*

(hini) at the

same time when


jl,

while;
j-j-

Nejd)
(<>-)

whereas, also without


i

e.g.,

^^- hna

to

draw

near, approach,

jj^Jr

>

ald

hini

hum
jo,

yazumna

come, arrive (time); to happen accidentally


|

whereas they, on the other hand, claim


fJl j<-

cJjJI
is

jU- the (right) time has come;


<l

j*,yj

j;-

jy

-W

\~*-i

now
come

the time; l

jU- the time has


l
.1

for

him to

...; jj*+ij

jL- LI

j*~y 0i*" J- (H-kara) and j>-Jj j*>- j*j (uw-fcara) from time to time, now and
then, once in a while
itL>-

{a-m, an yafham) haven't they under-

stood yet
Itifta)
it

J- cJU- (minni I happened to turn around ( Jl to),


. . .

LiiJI

hina'idin

at

that

time, then,

that day
iJI-L-*-

just

happened that
a time
(

my
(

eyes

feil

on

hinadka at that time, then,

(Jl)

II to aet

for s.o.) IV to

that day
IcL-

destroy, wipe out

s.o.)

to watch,
|

wait (* for a time or an opportunity)


i-^-tll

hinam

(conj.)

while;

when, as

(furpata) to

wait for an op-

224

U-

ka name of the

letter

r-

i__-

kabab amble; trot


kabb, kibb heaving, surging (of the

jjjU- ktn pl.

i>Jl>*-

feauwtf 2 lady, socially


|

<_-^

prominent

woman

o^jUM

j*j

zahrat
{ayr.)

sea),

rough sea
kabb imposbor, Bwindler

al-k. little blue flower

of the steppe

<~s-

J.U-U-

kkm (=

fL-U-)

rabbi
(e^.)

L. jcaba'a

a and

II

to hide, conceal (* s.th.)

^r-^jU- fcrain
zinc

and J~^jU- tarnen*

to hide, conceal o.a.; to be hidden, be

concealed VIII to hide, conceal o.s.; to


disappear; to be hidden, be ooneealed

jj'*- kzq pl. Jjjl>^- fcauxjzig 8 poat, stake,

pole; dirty trick

jjjU-

i-A*

that'e

tough

<_-^

kab\

%ib'

that which

is

hidden,

luck!

a hidden thing
5ix--

kabx'a pl. LL. kaby that which


;

UU- Jcqn

pl.

(>*'_**-

Juwgtn s overlord,
is

hidden
|

hidden,
IjL*-

Beeret

thing ;

ruler, sovereign,

monarch, emperor
cache
is

^jVl

k. l-ar$

that which

i5"U- fefc

earth-colored, khaki

hidden in the earth; natural resources


Li.

makba*

pl.

*jUc

makdbi' 1 hiding

place;
lU-

hide- out, refuge, haunt, retreat;

kam

raw, unworked, unprocessed; un;

cellar, shelter, air-raid shelter

tanned

linen ;

oalico ;

(pl.

-i)

raw
L. kib* pl.

i^-l akbi'a,

i-jil

akbiya

material; inexperienced, green, untrained, unskled, artless, uncouth, booriah;


pl.

tent; huak, hll (of grain)


SjU-

oUU- raw
oll;

materials

fU- i^L;

raw

kbi'a,

LjU

kbiya

pl.

\j\j-

leather; fU-

-U^

raw fibers pU(su&fear)

C-j

J (zo)

hawbi**,
cask, jar

vl>*-

kawbin

large

vesael,

crude

fU-

^-

raw sugar;

a\X\ jl^U

(mauw<W) the raw materials


-i
|

cXjfi mukabba't hidden, Beeret thinga


inn,

jU- dn

pl.

hostel,
J-U-'l

caravansary;

secrets
*

pub, tavern

U-'l

(kalili) district

jj. muktabx hidden, ooneealed


to be humble (Jl before God)
(leubt,

of Cairo (center of art trade and market


activity); jJjj
in

U-

Khan Yunis (town


of a news-

CS- IV
<i->-

Gaza
52 U-

sector)
pl. -t

kabu$a u

oL^

kabia) to be bad;

kna

column

(e.g.,

to be

wicked,

evil,

malicious, vicious,
dis-

paper); Square
l^-

(e.g.,

on a ohessboard)
kabab, i_~^- kabib)

malignant VI to behave viciously,


play malice; to feel awkward,
feel

em-

kabba u (kabb,

(_--

barrassed
i-*i-

to amble (animal); to trot (horse); to


jog,

saunter (person);

to

sink

sand);

(sea)

(j

in

Jcubt

badness, wickedness;

ma-

(kabb) to Brge, heave, be

lignancy

(e.g.,

of a

disease) ;

malice,

rougb

V and

VIII to amble (animal)

malevolence, viciouaness
<i~*-

to trot (horse)

kahai refuse, soum, dross, alag

i^<1>L+
l

kabit pl.

^l

kubvt, iL*- kubat'*,

lT j^-

jlT or lT j^-

j J^j

(kabari

akbt, iL*, kabata bad, evil,


vicious,
epiteful;

wicked
noxioua,

hna) to belong to the paat, be passe, be

malicious,

no longer existent
^*- kibra, j- kubr experience; knowl-

injurious, harmful; malignant (diaease);


offensive, repulsive, nauaeating, disgust-

edge
j^--

ing (odor)
kabir

experienoed,

expert

(<_

i-jil akbat 2 worse;

more wicked

in); familir, conversant, well -acquainted


(i_j

DLj^ kabfa badness, wickednesB; malice, raalevolence, viciouaness,

with), cognizant

(<-j

of);

j*X\

the

malignancy

Knowing
(pl.

(one of the attributea of God)


kubar**)

*\j

expert,

Bpecialiat
|

^-

kabara u

(Jeubr, *s*-

kibra) to try, test


l

^J\^rii\ ju-

tax expert, tax adviser


pl.

(* a.th.); to

experience (* a.th.); to bave


j_^U-

tried,

have experienced, know by ex-

kbr

jy\j*-

kawbir*

peg;

perience (a.th.); to get to

know
(i_i

thor-

pin; wedge

oughly,

know

weil

{* s.th.,

a.o.);

jjt mhbar Bense, intrinsic significanoe


(pl.

kabura u to know thoroughly


a.th.),

or *

yUt makbir 3 ) laboratory


mikbr
pl.

be fuiJy acquainted
II
teil
(

{<-j

or * with
jLJe-

^IJ makbir9 test tube

a.th.)

to notify, advise, apprise, in(ehem.)

form,
write

(
to

s.o.,
s.o.),

<-j

of or about) III to
(

to
(

address

b.o.),
(

turn,
in
{*

j\jt

mukbara

pl. -t

oorreapondence,

appeal
writing;

s.o.),

oontact

b.o.)

(esp.

written) Information (in clasaified


<-*

to negotiate, treat,

parley

ads:

viJil
...),
|

pleaae write to..., please


notice,
notifioation,
\j\jf.

with

a.o.)
(l-j

IV to notify, inform, apprise,


s.o.
;

contact

oomcall,

advise
b.o.

of), let

know,

teil

(<~j

munication

^J^LiJ

telephone

about)
(<-j

to

communicate,
B.th.),
(*

report,

telephone conversation ;
rijiya)

Vtj^
;

*jy (k*

relate
B.th.)

to

s.o.

teil

(<-j

a.o.

long-difltance

V to inquire

of

s.o.),

aak

( b.o.)

(airriya) secret

call \j- lj\jfcommunique; ol^ll 1*

TI to inform one another, notify one


auother, keep one another informed; to

qalam al-m.

intelligence

bureau; !/Ll

Lj^**- (hu4riyan) apply in person (in


ciasei fied ads)

correspond, write eaeh other; to negotiate, treat, parley

{ with
s.th.),

a.o.,

about)

jL^l

ikbr

notification,

information,

VIII to explore {*

aearch (* into),
to
test,

com munication,

note,

message; report;

seek

Information
{

(*

about);

indirect discourse, oratio obliqua (gram.)

examine
the test

b.o., * s.th.);

to try, put to

( s.o.,

* s.th.); to

have

tried,

ijL^I

ikbri news-, information-

(in

have experienced, know by experience


(a
s.th.);

Compounds)

to
a

know
of
s.o.

well

(* s.th.)

to

j\ takbur negotiation; correspondence


jti^l iktibr
pl. -t

inquire (je

about), aak (je

s.o.

about)
j\-

exploration, study;
test

kabar

pl.

jL*U dkbr news;


report,

in-

examination

test ;
;

item

(of

an

formation,

intelligence ;

com-

examination)

trial,

testing;

(scientific)

municatton, message; notificationjruinor;


Btory; matter, affair; (gram.) predicate

investigation, research, experiment; ex-

perience, empirical knowledge; practical

of a nominal clause;

pl.

annala

je

JL

experience
written

~*tjj-

oljL^-l

(tahririya)

yL^I to inquire of

s.o.

about

s.o. eise;

examination items;

jli jt-l

226

(4ti)

experimentally ; jLi*-^1 c-^

personal experience; jLj^^/I J-l- J 011 probation,

(* over);

tobe lost, wander about,

stray;

to grope about, fumble about; to atruggle, resist;

on

trial;

jLlM

J***-

experimental

fields

to clatter over the ground,

(jjL^-l ifcft&dri experimental; experiential; empirical

gallop (horse) VIII to

bump

(against)

to

struggle, resist; to grope about,

fumble

about; to be
LjLi^-I iktibriya empiricism
to stir, bustle
|

lost,

wander around, stray;

jLi^-l

igtikbr pl.

-/

inquiry

ij\*

U-jt-

kabfa blow, stroke; rap, knock;

OJjLi!-^! Information bureau

noise, din,

uproar

_^i mukbir pl. -n reporter; detective

]*L>- Jcubf insanity,

madnesa, mental

jci muktabar
- habaza
'jji~

disorder
pl. -<

laboratory
{* bread) VIII do. J.^-

Icabala

{kahl)

to confound, confuse,
{* s.th.); to hinder,
(

i (frabz)

to

bake

mess up, complioate

hubz

pl. jL>-l

akbz bread

impede, handicap, stop, hold back


s.o.);
()

>*- kvbza

loaf of bread

to befuddle

{ s.o.),

confuse

b.o.'b

mind, rob
s.o.)

( s.o.)

of bis senses,

JL>- kabbz pl. -an, jL>- baker jL*t fcubbz, j^*. kubbaiz, ^jL- u&-

crazy;

kabila a (fcabal,

make JL^

Jsahl)

to get confused; to be or

become
to

bz mallow
jL>-

(bot.)

mentally disturbed, crazy, insane II to


trade, art

fci&za

baker's

of

confound, confuse (*

s.th.,

s.o.)

baking

oomplicate, entangle, mess up, muddle,

throw into disorder

(* s.th.); to

rob of
VIII to

>i

makbaz,

>jt

majebaza

pl.

_>Ljc

his senses, drive insane

s.o.)

makbiz 2 bakery
i*^ kabapa
(i_j

become muddled, disordered (mind)


mix, mingle, intermix
mix, mingle, interJ-*-

(kabp) to

hM,
jeabil

kabal

confusion ;

mental

* s.th. with)
(* s.th.); to

n to

disorder, insanity
,3-*-

mix

muddle, jumble, confuse


(* of)

mad, crazy, insane;

feeble-

(a s.th.),

make a meaa
Icabi,

minded, dim-witted
medley,
^ jn, ^
(J-^-i

^x

*-

i-

kabi#a

akbat1 mad, crazy, insane; feeble-

mess, mishmash, hodgepodge;


jellylike

minded, dim-witted
JL^-I
iJftibl

sweet

mental disorder

^L- kabbp one who causes confusion, who messes things up; an irresponsible,
light-minded person

Jj-jt

makbvX

mad,

crazy,

idiotic,

imbecilic,

mentally

deranged,

insane;

muddlehead,

dolt, fool

kabafa

i (jcabf)

to beat, strike (* s.th.,

Jjt mukabbal confused,


plexed,

baffled, per-

against s.th.); to knock, rap {* on,

^Ul

dismayed; muddled, confused,

onthedoor); tostamp
of animala)
j

(^^1
ik*-

theground;
JJc

mixed up
(jfi-) L'(fire)

I^JU

{kdbta

'a&w'a) he acts haphazardly, he proceeds

kab u (kabw, fcubw) to go out, die

rashly or at
hit
;

random V

to beat, strike,

( s.o.) to bring down, feil, knock out, throw to the ground ( s.o.); to bump,

LL- and L- pl. 1^1 see L>-

hit (* against), eollide (* with), stumble

oU

pl.

v]>*- Bee ^*-

227

i$j\~*- kibyri caviar

seal,

signet;

stamp
|

g\j /Ujj-jdl

k.
Je.

az-

zawj wedding ring;


J+- kaiara
i
(jfair)

to betray

s.o.),

act

fU-

an-

nabiyin the Seal

(i.e.,

perfidiously, disloyally (*

toward

the last) of the

s.o.);

Prophets
to deceive, cheat, dupe
( s.o.)

Mohammed
pl.

JU- katr disloyalty, breach of confi-

fUU
^U*i-

ktm

*p]y-

katvtim1

seal

dence, perfidy, treaoheiy, betrayal, deception


jb^kattr
traitor,

ring, signet ring; ring

kitm sealing wax;


|

end, close,

disloyal

person,

conclusion, termination

*UI

at the

cheat, awindler
j-"U-

end, at

last, finaUy,

eventually

ktir treacherous, perfidious, dis-

jl
b^-l

kiimi

final,

conoluding

<JS*

loyal
Ji*- katala i

-*bj^ (kalima)

oonoluding speeoh
end, close, conclusion,

(katl,

i&-

kataln) to dupe,

iktitm

gull, cheat, double-croes, deceive ( s.o.)


III

termination
<c

to deceive, oheat, dupe

(*

s.o.);

to

U- ktima pl.

behave hypooritically VIII


J=*t

=I
dup-

f\j*-

kaiotim*, w|^>-

kavxUlm 2 end,
tion;
s tage
Jjt

olose, conclusion,

terminafinal

ka and

jljt

muktala deception,

epilogue (of a book);

*z\y>-

trickery, double-dealing, duplicity,


ing, gulling
Jjljt

mukattam ringed, adomed with

mukt

deceitful,

crafty,

wily,

a ring or rings (hand)


Jjjt

foxy
Jji-

muktatam end,

close, conclusion,

katama

(katm,

*b*-

kitm) to seal,
s.th.);

termination
I

provide with a seal or Bignet (*

to

j^ katana

(katn) to circumciae

a boy)

stamp, impresB with a stamp


to seal
off,

(a s.th.);

VIII pass.

olose,

make impervious

or

inaccessible (* B.th.; also

J* the hearte,

^>- katn circumcision


lf*-

said of God); to put one's seal (* on),

katan

pl. li^l

afcJn son-in-law;

conclude, terminate (* s.th.); to wind


up, finisb, complete (* s.th.); to close,
heal, cicatrize

bridegroom
ob*- kitn,
"jJU- look
4Jli>

(wound)
|

kitna circumcision

to put on or

wear a ring

(i_j)

i_-*JJIj

Ji

(dahab) to

up alphabetically

wear a golden ring Till to oonclude,


finish,
I*-

terminate, wind

up

(* s.th.)
*U-I

j*t-

kaiara u and katira a to become solid,

katm sealing;
seal,

become
(pl.

thick, solidify, thicken; to be or

aktm,

become
(liquid);

viscous, sirupy; to clot, coagulate

ry*- kutm)

eignet, seal imprint;

stamp, stamp imprint; also


below)
|

to curdle (milk) II

and IV to

L*i>- (see

thicken, inspissate, condense, coagulate


JjjJl
Irf-

postmark,
2X-\

(postal)
(* liquid); to curdle (* milk)
al-k.

canceation stamp;
sealing

r*

Sam'

wax

O
on
festive occasions
pl.

jo^ katra

thrombosis (med.)

<^J- katma pl. katamt recital of the


entire Koran, esp.
<rU.

jU*. Jeulr dregs (of a liquid);

soum

of the earth,
jli.

riffraff,

mob

ktam, ktim

jyt

kawtim 2

kutra dregs (of a liquid); Sed-

seal ring, eignet ring; ring, finger ring;

iment, lees

Ju to&ojgur coagulation

^1 j z*

jjt

mikadda

pl. jljt

makdd* cushion,

[mukk) cerebral thrombosis

pillow; seat oushion

j-V

jdftr thiokened, inspissated, Con-

4*. kadij premature child


r-liji

densed; viseous, ropy, sirupy; curdled,


eoagulated, clotted; yoghurt, curd
$id; abortion, miscarriage

Jut

mukaar thiokened, mspiseated,

jOj^ kadira

(jcadar) to

be numb, prickle,

Condensed; visoous, ropy, sirupy; curdled,


eoagulated, olotted
Jjt kaja

tingle (leg, arm); to be or

beoome limp,
kadara u to
in

benumbed, paralyzed;
confine to

women's quarters, keep


girl) II

fajal) to

become embatrassed
seclusion
s.th.

(U a

to numb, benumb,

to be ashamed (,y of

or to face

s.o.),

stupefy

{*

b.o.,

* s.th.); to anesthetize,
{

be abashed

(,j-

by s.th.),

feel

embarrassed
s.o.) II

narcotize, put to sleep

s.o.,

* s.th.;

(,y about s.th. or in front of

and
med.); to confine to

women's quarters,
girl)

IT to shame

(* s.o.)

to embarrass, abash,

keep in seclusion (U a
torpid,

IV to make
deprive
m B.th.)

put to shame
Jjc
fcajal

( s.o.)

stupefy,

benumb,
( b.o.,

of
to

shame

(<> at); bashfulness,

Sensation, narcotize

diffidenoe, timidity, shyneas;

abashment;
|

be numbed, be stunned, be stupefied, be deprived of Sensation; to


rest,
coiiie

disgraee,
(la-l-k.)

shame, ignominy
disgraoe! the

JJ
it!

to

shame of

calm down
pl.

Jje kaj abashed, embarrassed; bashful,

j^- kidr
j$[*-\

jjJ*- fendr, jl.U-1 akdr,

diffident,

shy,

timid;

overgrown

akdir*

ourtain, drape;
tent;

women's
private

with luxuriant, profuse Vegetation; long

quarters

of a

boudoir,

and flowing (garment)


Jj^ kafl abashed, ashamed, shamefaced ; shy, bashful, diffident, timid

room
j-U-

(of

a lady)
jA-

kadar and
(esp.

kudra numbness,

insensibility

of a limb

gone to

o^JP

kajln*

abashed,

ashamed,

sleep); daze, torpor, Stupor

shamefaced; shy, bashful, diffident, timid;

j-U-

kadir

numb

(limb);

benumbed,

bewildered with shame, embarrassed

torpid, dazed

Jjjt makjl ashamed, shamefaced


Jj^Jt

jj* takdir anesthetization, narootization

mukj arousing Bhame, shameignominious


|

ful; shoeking, disgraceful,

jjU- kdir limp, languid; benumbed,


torpid, dazed; hidden in bis den, lurk-

*UI Li* VI
-U-

(a d') the

pudenda

kadda u to furrow, plow (* the ground)

ing (lion)

to be furrowed; to become wrinkled

yiU- kdira chrysalis (of a


lool.)

Caterpillar;

(skin)
-W-

kadd

pl. ij*|

kudd cheek;
j*-+ a"ara

lateral

jJut

mukaddir anesthetic, painkiUing,


(pl.

portion, side

a-W-

kaddah

tranquilizing;
narcotic, drug,

-t)

an anesthetic; a

to put

on a contemptuous mien
-U-

dope

OA kadd and

kudda

pl. ja*-

hudad

jAJt

mukaddar

numb,

torpid,

in-

furrow, ridge, groove, rut


*jd+\

sensible; (eg.) tipsy, fuddled,

drunk

ukdd
groove,

pl. JjjU-I

akdid 2 furrow,
exoavation

joie.

mukaddara

girl

kept in seclusion

ridge,

rut;

trench,

from the outaide world

; ;

229

P-*
j-J-us-

^.u- kadasa

(kad) to Scratch (* s.th.); to


(* B.th.);

kid' deception, doceit, swindle,

maul, lacerate, tear to pieces

imposture, betrayal, treachery, perfidy,


trickery, duplicity

to violate (* the rules of decenoy, s.o. 's

honor, and the


peace);

like); to disturb

(*

the

to ruin, sully, run


s.o.'b

down

(or*

\JJ-

kid'i

deceitful,

fraudulent

sum'atah
(*
B.th.);

reputation) II to Scratch

deceptive, delusive, fallacious


\sli

to

maul,

lacerate,

tear

to

mukdi' swindler, impostor, cheat,

pieces (* s.th.); to violate (* the rules

sharper, crook

of decency,
Bully,

s.o.'b

honor, etc.); to ruin,


s.o.'s

run down (or* sum'atah

Ja*- kadila

o to

fltifien,

become

rigid;

to

reputation)
,ji.u-

become numb,

torpid, limp

AxnWpl.^j-u. kudS, j\j\ akdS

Scratch, Scratch

mark; graze, abrasion


(s.o., je.

lo*-

kadama
service,

(i*.us
;

kidma) to serve, be at
;

do Service to have a job to work


( s.o.,

0- kada'a

o to cbeat

out of s.th.);
(

to wait (ons.o.); to serve to render a Service


(

*s.th.);

to deceive, mislead, dupe, gull

to

s.o.);

s.o., *

to s.th.),
tili

pass. kudi'a to be mistaken, be


(je.

wrong
with

stand up

{.

for s.o.)
|

J ^\ aJJ- to Lri

or

about); to
to),

fail

to see clearly

cultivate the soil;

!^T

^L-us- **a*-

(jfc

(je.

regard
(je-

get

the

wrong impression

damtin katiratan) he rendered him


Services;

of s.th.)
(

HI

to cheat, dupe, deceive, to try to deceive or

j^i

^tfj

^
of

many
to
>o*-

(rikba)
J-L**

take in

s.o.);
(

be
'

at

s.o.'s

beck and

call;

double-crosB

s.o.)

VII to

let

o.a.

be

(ma$liha) to serve s.o.'s interests;

deceived,
(lj by); to

be deceived, deluded, misled

^-loiJI

fj+
II

(quddsa)
to employ,
(

to celebrate Mass
hire
( s.o.),

be mistaken, be wrong
pl.

(Chr.)

en-

gage the Services


i*-U-

s.o.);

to give
(

kud'a

j*~
s windle

kuda,

-t

de-

work

to

s.o.),

provide

work

for)

ception, cheating,
..u-

to employ, hire, take on

( s.o.,

J for
for
(*

kuda'a impostor, swindler, cheat,

s.th.),

Bharper
4*0^-1

s.th.);
e.g.,

engage the Services (J of s.o. to put in Operation, operate

a public Utility); to employ, uae


for),

<j*

s.o.'s pride,

saww akda'ah humble s.o.


pl.

to crush

(* s.th., J

make

use, avail o.s.

(*

of s.th., J for a purpose)


de(**!-

*mX+

kadl'a

*lla-

kad'i' 3

kadam
kidma

servants, attendants
pl. f-U-

ception, deceit, betrayal, treachery, perfidy, trickery,

imposture

jji-

kidam,

-t

a service

(rendered);
J-J.U-

kadd' impostor, swindler, sharper,

attendance, service; Opera-

tion ;

office,

cheat, crook; deceptive, deluaive


f-Oj^

employment,

occupation,

job;
s.th.
;

work

.^i

iu j

in the service of
;

kaida fata morgana, mirage


akdi'*

1*1+

at your service

UJiJJ o-

^jjUI
dealings,

swindles,

underhand
phantoms,

(kidmatan) in the interest of truth, for

crooked practices;

thesakeoftruth;
military service;
conscription,

<j

j_JI i-uU ('aakariya)


i-u^l (ijbriy)
i*ij.'l

phantasms, delusions
^.bfi

ijjL^I
secret

compulsory service;
service

mikda', mukda', makda'

pl.

fjljft

*ijJ>\

(sirriya)

(pol.);

majcdi' 2 small room, Chamber, cabinet;

^l-UJl

iu- k. al-qudda celebration of

bed Chamber

Mass

(Chr.)

230

\j*.

kaddm

pl.

manservant, servant,
servant, female do-

jiji*-

kidiw, tjjiU- kudaiwi khedive


ifj,!*-

attendant;

woman

kidiwi khedivial
o.a.

mestic servant, maid


a*\a*-

kadma

liii-

attendance,
office,

Service;

to submit, subject

employment, occupation,
i1i-

Job
servant,

t^-V-- mxutakd? submisaive, servile,

kaddma

pl. -t

woman

aubservient, obedient
Jijji- ku4rf pl.

female domestic servant, maid


rajtf

_iujl^

kadrif* (apinning)

takdxm work, occupation or duty


U-iJf-

top

of an employment agent
see below)
office,
|

mukaddim
at-t.

jjjit hudrfi
JiJU kadafa
i

turbinate, toplike

-Udl

^Si* maktab

labor
(ka4f) to hurl

employment bureau
istikdm (putting into)
Operhir-

away

(, o

a.th.)
*iJJ

*l.i-l

ation; use, utilization;

employment,

mikdafa sng, lingshot, catapult

ing (of an employee); Service, occupation,


position, job

Ja- oafc

u (a&
or je

uV^

#Wn)

to leave,

abandon, forsake, deBert, leave in the


pjU.

kdim

pl.

fl-u-

kuddm, i-i^
help ;

lurch

s.o.);

to Btay behind; to
fail, suffer

kadama domestic
servant ;

servant,

man-

disappoint; pass. kudiia to

woman

servant ;

em ployee

setback, meet with diaappointment


leave,

in to
leave
flag,

attendant; waiter; deacon {Chr.)

abandon,
(

forsake,
s.o.)

desert,
let

ioU- kdima woman servant; female


domestic
servant,

in the lurch

VI to

up,

maid

woman

at-

grow
fade,

alack,

languish,

wane, decrease,

tendant

grow

feeble VII to be left in the

V^
jjje.

lurch; to be helpleaa; to be defeated; to

kdimlya status of a servant

meet with dis&ppointment


Vi>- kidin diaappointment
JiLic

makdm

pl.

-n,

<jljt

mak*

dim 2 master, employer


takdul fatigue, languor, weakiyAit

makdma

mistress,

lady

(of
nesa, feebleneaa; relaxation, lesaening of

the house),
i-y-lit

woman employer
Status

teosion; disagreement, disaent, disunion

makdmlya

of

the
JUiel inkidl
nesa,

forsakennesa, deaerted-

master or employer
fjje-

abandonment; defeat

mukaddim

pl.

-n

employment
JiU*i*

mutakd languid, weak, ex-

agent

*jic. mustakdim

pl.

-n employer;
pl.

hausted, apent, effete


ji^-

mustakdam
employee,

(colloq.

mustakdim)

-n

to Bubmit, subject
istikd*

o.a.

official

loii-l
(. s.o.),

aubservience, aubmis-

oi- III to befriend

make

friends (.

siveneas, servility
iiV,-.

with

s.o.);

to associate aocially ( with)


pl.

mustakdin

submissive,

Bervile,

-ufriend,
jj*.

kidn

jIa*-I

akdan (intimate)
ji~

aubservient, obedient

companion, confidant
kadin
(intimate)
friend,

karra

iu(j jipurl

karxr) to

murmur, bubble,
water);
to

com-

gurgle,

(of

running

panion, confidant

ripple, trickle; to snore;

(karr, jjj*-

ESkurr) to
fall, fall

down, drop; to sink to


o..
|

*i\^ karba

pl.

-t,

^l^*- kar'ib 2 dis-

the ground, prostrate


to fall to the ground;

^-ylM J*

ji-

integrating structure, ruin, ruins

4jJj j-.j ji-

(baina

\jj*-karbn,kirbn destroyed, wrecked,

yadathi)

he

prostrated
j*-

himself before

demolished, devastated, waste; ruined,

him;
feil

*-.i

(tahta

qadamaihi) he

broken, out of order


t_*j_^

at his feet
takrib
pl.
-t

devastation, de-

jj*-

karir purl,

murmur,

ripple

(of

struction, wrecking, demolition; Sabotage


iSiJ*-

water)

J^

'amal takrlbl act of Sabotage

*,jj-

kari'a a

(*ji-

fair*)

to

evacuate the

yjU
<~>jk.

krib annihilator, destroyer

bowela, defecate

mukarrib

pl.

~n

annihilator,

kur*

and

kar'

excrement,

destroyer; Saboteur
<_^ji

mukrib annihilator, destroyer

jUI^-

kursn*
Iran)

Khurasan

(province

in
a

NE
, <- >-

VJj*" karrb (coli.; n. un. ) carob, locust; carob bean, locust pod, St.-John's-bread
~*iJj*-

karaba

(karb)

to destroy,

wreck,

karruba

pl. -t
l

kharouba, a dry

demolish, shatter, devastate, lay waste


(* e.th.);

measure (Eg.;

kariba a

/n **
;

.1291)

(<-[^-

karb) to

be or become destroyed, ruined, waste,

^ij>- karbaSa to Scratch


,j*j*j-

to scrawl, scribble
karbiS* iyr.)

go to

ruin, fall apart, disintegrate II to

karbS

pl.

ji!^

devastate,

lay
ruin,

waste, lay
in

destroy,

wreck,
B.th.)

tent

demolish,

ruins

(*

IV

= II;

to be or become destroyed,

oLijyt mukarba&t

graffiti

ruined, waste,
integrate
<~>j*-

go to

ruin, fall apart, dis-

Uij- karbafa to throw into disorder, dis-

arrange, confuse (*
,jij*-

a.th.)

karb destruction, devastation

karbaqa to perforate, riddle

(* s.th.);

<-_/

kurb hole; eye of a needls; anus


karib

to spoil,

mar

{* s.th.)

<_^-

destroyed,

demolished,
&>j*-

Jij*- karbaq hellebore (bot.)

wrecked, devastated, waste; dilapidated,

karata u (kart) to pierce, bore, perforate

tumble-down, ramshackle; broken, ruined, out of order


<>j-

(m s.th.),

make a

hole (* in)

kirba

pl.

v>-

b.i r

t8

**

*>f)

jf- kurt, kart pl. Cj|^>-I akrt, ->jj*kurt hole; bore, drill hole; ring, eye,
eyelet
C^ijfkirrit

ruins; ruin, disintegrating structure


<ij*-

karba, kurba

irreligion,

lawless-

experienced,

practiced,

ness
iij*-

skilled; guide

kurba
;

pl.

<~>j>-

kurab hole; eye

-j>-

kartU rhinoceros

of a needle
~<ij*-

anus
rj- karaja

(rjjf- kurj) to
of),

go out, walk emerge

kariba

(site

of ) ruins

out; to

come out (^
;

(^

i_*!j-

karb ruin, ruination; state of

from); to drive or ride out, go out (in a


vehicle)

destruction or dilapidation ; desolation;


(pl. <ij*-\

to flow out, exude, efFuse ; to go


retire; to protrude,

akriba) (site of) ruins

away, depart, leave,

c^
project, stick out; to leave (j+ s.th.);

232

(* s.th.); to expel, evict, exile, expatriate


(

to

dismount,
get
out,

alight,

diaembark
out
(ja
of);

(j*

s.o.,

j* from a country); to dismiss,


(

from),

step
arise,

to

fire,

remove

s.o.,

j* from an

office);

emanate,
{j*

issue,

originate,

result

*hj J*
to give

**v*"'

(tarwatthi)

to rob s.o. of

from) ;

to

draw away,

segregate,

his property, dispossess, expropriate s.o.;


off,

separate, secede, dissent (je from), dis-

sound, emit (*

B.th.,

e.g.,

agree

(je-

with); to deviate, depart (je

a tone; said of a musical Instrument);


to set forth, state, express, utter, voiee
(*

from

an

arrangement,
be an exception

from
(je-

prin-

ciple); to

to); to

be

an opinion);

to

break

(Uj
(

rihan
to

outaide a given subjeet


topio
alien
(je-),
{je-

(je-),

go beyond a
to be

wind); to educate, bring up


train
( s.o.);

s.o.);

exceed

(je-

a topic);
(je-

to stage, produce {* a play;


(iijjj

to),

be extraneous
(je-

from),

theat.);

to bring out, make, shoot

not to belong
(je. in),
je-

to),

be not included
(je-);

riwyatan a film, said of a director); to


except, exelude
pull out, extract
s.th.)

have nothing to do with

(*

s.th.,

je-

from); to
(*

rjjt

it is

limited to

. .

.,

it i

nothing
to

(* s.th.); to select

but...;

to

go forth
s.o.,

(into

battle);
fight

to be educated; to be trained (j

attack (J*

s.th.),

rise,

(J*

in a school, College, also j+;

in a field);

against); to rebel, revolt (J* against); to violate, break, infringe (Jp a rule, a

to graduate (j
College,

from a school, from a


VI to part Company,
disassociate,
;

also j*) to

regulation)

t_>

<lc

r- j*-

to

come up
...;

separate ;

disengage,

to s.o. with

...,

confront

s.o.

with

to to

withdraw from one another


assign, transfer,

to

oede,

get out, bring out, take out

(^

s.o.);

turn out, oust, dislodge

(<_*

s.o.);

to lead to

away, dissuade
find out, discover
(haff)

(je(<_*

<->

s.o.
|

from);

make over (J j* s.th. s.o.) X to get out, move out, remove s.th., Jm from); to take out, draw
s.th.,

to
(* (*

s.th.)

-'l je- rj-

j*

from);

to

pull

out,

extract
extract,

to be derailed, run off the track

(*

s.th.,

j*

from);

to

mine,

(train) II to
( s.o.,

move

out, take out, dislodge

recover (* mineral resources); to win,


gain,

* s.th.); to

tum

out, oust, expel,


;

make

(*

a produet, j* from); to
s.th.,

eviot, drive out ( s.o., * s.th.)

to remove,

copy, excerpt (*

j* from a book or
draw,
deduce,

eliminate

s.o.,

* s.th.);

to exelude,

dooument);
figure out,

to

derive,

except {*
skill,
(

s.th.);

to train

(* s.o.,

in

compute (j*

* s.th. from); to

and the
to

like); to educate, bring

up

elicit (* s.th., e.g.,


s.o.);

astonishment, j* from

s.o.);

distill

(* s.th.); to pull out,

to find out, discover {* s.th.)

extract {* s.tb.); to gather, deduce, infer


(* s.th.); to

rj>-

h&TJ

expenditure,

outlay,

ex-

explam, Interpret, expound,

pense(s), costsjland tax; s.th.appropriate

elueidate (* s.th.) IV to

move

out, take

or

suitable,
s.o.

that which
deserves,

is

s.o. 's

due,

out, get out, bring out, dislodge { s.o.,


* s.th.); to unload (* s.th.), diaembark,

which
(eg.)

which

s.o.

needs;
kurjt)
pl. lace;

ration (food);

{pl.

oU,/
that's

detrain,

etc.

{a

s.o.,

e.g.,

troops);

to

trimming; edge, edging, piping;

turn out, oust


(*
s.th.,
e.g.,

{* s.o.);

to emit, send out

trimmings
need,

il*^*- II*

what you

electric

waves); to stick

what you deserve;


one

EVto

out
s.th.

(* e.g., the tongue); to fish

out (*

al-mafoiaqa

who

deserves

be

from tbe pocket); to bring out into


open,

hanged
rj>-

the

make

public
(*
s.th.);

(*

s.th.)

to

hurj

pl.

*tj>-

kiraja

saddlebag,

remove, extract

to eliminate

portmanteau

. ;

233

E^
to have the. direction .(motion pictures,
theater)
;

i~j*- karja pl. karajt exit, departure;

Protrusion, protuberance, projection, salient part; (eg.) funeral

...

r[^-

j-

directed

by

. .

(motion picture)
(Ist.

r[f~ karj tax; kharaj, land tax

r-Ji1

takarruj

graduation

(from

Law)
yr\j*- rj* of or pertaining to land

school or College)
r-

j LJc

tajcruj

Separation

disassocia-

tax; of or pertaining to the taxed and


cultivable area
r\j>-

tion,

disengagement,

(mutual)

with-

drawal
n. un. , pl. -l) skin
r\j^jL*\ isiikrj

kurj

(coli.;

taking out, moving out,

eruption; tumor, abscesa


rjj*- kurjexit; egression, emergence;

pulling out, removal; withdra wing ; extraction,

derivation,

gaining

(of

inre-

departure;
foray,

exodus;

emigration;

raid,
as-

dustrial

products,

etc.),

mining,

sortie

(J* against),
[

attack,
TL

covery (of mineral resources); preparation of

.U-'l (J* on) derailment (of a train)

aault

J-?~

^#)

an extract; excerpting, copying;


inference;
Solution
(of

deduction,

.j*-

kirrlj

pl.

-n

graduate
|

(of
I

prob lern)

school, College, or uni versity)


<->j*}\

&-J^ jjj*
Congress of
Or-

rjU-

krij

outer,

outBide,

outward,

mu'tamar

al-k. al-'arab

exterior; external, foreign; outside, exterior (n.); foreign country or countries;

Arab Graduates

(a

supra-national

ganization of uni versity graduates ad-

quotient

(arith.);

krija (prep.)
|

outside,

vocating a unified Arab world)


rjf- Tnakraj
of) exit;
pl.

out of; U-jU- krijan outside


outside
in
of,

je U-jUabroad,
rj^-l J'

rj^

makrij* (place

apart from; rjU-'


countries;

ti

way out
escape,

(of a difficult Situation),

foreign

outside;

outlet,

loophole,

stuft,

dodge,

abroad, to foreign countries; to the outside,

excuse; articulation (of a sound);

O eath(in

outward, out
1 Khrga
in

ode

(el.)

lJjjJ-I

rA* ^
raising,

phonetics
training

<j--jU-M

(town

in

central

j
schools,

takrxj

education,

Egypt,

Khrga

oasis)

Colleges);

upbringing,

j-jU- kriji outer, out- (in Compounds),

rearing (of children); extraction; derivation, deduction; Interpretation, exegesis


r^j*-^

outside,

outward,
]

exterior,

external
r

foreign; nonresident
policlinic;
L>-jU-'l

^jUj\jj

.iL*

%yda)

ikrj taking

out,

moving

out,

ministry
foreign

of min-

removal; unloading, disembarkment, de-

foreign
istry;

(external)

affairs,

trainment

emission ;
off;

moving,

carting

(tTJ^

-^*^

(tilmid)

student

away, hauling
tion ,

evacuation; publicabringing
before

not living at a boarding school, a day

publicizing,

the

student
rrj\y-

public; extraction, removal; elimination;


dismissal, removal (from
ing,

kawrij2 the Khawarij, Khaof Islam);

an

office); oust-

rijitea (the oldest religiouB sect

expulsion,

eviction,

expatriation,

dissenters, dissidents, backsliders, rebele

banishment (from a country); excretion


(biol.);

finding
training,

out,

discovery,

figuring

rj*- mukrij pl. -n (screen or stage)

out;

formation,

education;

director

directum,

productton,
|

Btaging

(motion

rj
a book);

mukraj

excerpt,

extract
(biol.)

(from

pictures, theater)

r|/-Vl JjJ (tatoa)

oU^Jt exeretions

E^
rj*s(

234

mutakarrij

pl.

-n

graduate

ij+j*'

karasa

(fcoi?)

to guess, estimate (*

or ,> of a school or oollege)


r_f*i*

s.th.);

to conjecture, surmise (* B.th.),


{*

mustakraj

pl.

-t

eztraot;

form conjeotures

about); to
lie
;

teil

an

excorpt (,> from), partial oopy (,> of)


ji-ji- ka.rka.ra

untruth, a falsehood, to
lies
(

to fabricate
raise
false

Jp againat

s.o.)

to
s.o.)

to snore

accusations (J* against


ij+jtJctTf,

^/- karida a

tobe

a virgin, be untouched,

kurs

pl.

L*^-

kirfn,

innooent, chaste
i*ij*-

kuran earring
pl.
-ill^-

karida

kar'id1 ,

^*-

^[f-

karrs pl.

-n

liar,

alanderer,

kurud virgin; unbored pearl


'i/-

calumniator
iron;
pl.

kurda scrap metal, sorap


fcur<fau>dt

],*-

karafa

(karf)

to pull

off, strip (*

olj^*-

notionfi,

smallwarefl;

leavea from a tree); to turn, lathe, shape

small goods, Bmalls, miscellaneoua Bmall


articles; (eg. also) novelties,

with a lathe

(*

wood, metal); to exag-

fanoy goods

gerate, boast, brag, lie;

(eg.)

to cut

for ladiea

into small pieces; to mince, chop, dice


(*

j*-^- tcurdaji doaler in miscellaneoua

meat, carrots,

etc.) II (eg.) to

cut into

small pieces, mince, chop (* s.th.) VII to

smallwarea

be turned, be lathed, be shaped with a


3*j*- kurdaq,

kurduq small shot, buckshot


(coli.;

lathe; to join, enter (j, ilL*

/*

ailk af-

an
Jj/- kardal
n. un.
)

Organization,
(J, <iiL

Community),

mutard eeeds;

filiate

with an Organization,
s.th. or into),

mustard
jjt- karaza
\

a Community); to penetrate (j

to pierce, bore
n. un.

(* s.th.)

into);

to

plunge

headlong

(j

embark rashly (j upon);


jji- karaz (coli.; jjjt
'*)

to labor, slave,

pearla
toil
|

&J1

\,j-\

(buka) to break into

mikraz

pl.

JjLit

makriz* awl;

tears
]jS-

punch
Jlyt mikraz awl; punch
1

kar% pulling-off (of leaves);

up

itll

i/- iii see ji; turning, turnery

u -J

rf-

fcarwa

(fcaras)

to be

dumb, mute; to
hold one's

^\jt-

karrt

pl.

-n

turner,

lather;

become
gag

silent,

keep

silent,

braggart, bluffer, storyteller

tongue IV to
(. s.o.)

silence,

reduce to silence,

&\r~

kirfa

tumor's trade, turnery,

art of turning

^^i
^y-1
kurs,

karaa dumbness, muteness


afcrtw8 ,
f.

'^[^ karrfa
^j*iL*j*-

skirt
pl.

(st/r.)

U^t kars' 1

pl.

jU^- kuran dumb, mute


fairan
1

karlta

J^J^-

kar'if 3 ,

J*/-

kurut map, chart

jU/-

dumb, mute
Sl^jt

miJcrafa,

makrata

pl.

ijljt

ma*

jU/-

fcartwn,
|

U^- karasna
**!

concrete

krit* lathe

(beton)

L-y-

(mtwaUoAa)
liyU- krifa pl. -t

map, chart
(maih.); conic

armored
i-

(or reinforced) concrete

iyjjc

mahnt cone

kurHf

(coli.;

n. un.

I)

pl.

i-ir*^

karSif artichoke

ijyt

mahrityi conic

23S

^V
jl^- kurfi fabulous,
fictitious,

ij^j*-

karfS,

<ij*-

karf&i
lead
(of

pl.

(ji^Ulyt

leg-

kardfU*

cartridge;

a penoil);

endary
ii^jt

cartouche (arch.); daybook


Jli^- karfl oats
(j^j*-

makrafa

prattle, drivel, twaddle,

boah

takrif
folly ,

kurfm

pl.

^[/-

ar<tyfma probosois,

L-Aij

delusion ;

foolish

trunk (of the elephant) ; hose


f.A^"'

talk, drivel, twaddle, boah,


{oapital of

bunoombe
foolish ;
(pl.

al-karpm

Khartoum

Jj>J

mukarrif childish,

the Sudanese Republic)


ir.\*\j*-

-n) prattler, chatterbox, windbag; char-

latan
karjin,'

a kind of earthworm
wormlike, vermiform
ij^j*-

J_Ulyi

fcar$n*

JcarfaSa to shuffle,

mix

(* s.th.)

1*^^*- karplf rhinoceros


9j- karu'a

<jij*- karfSa pl. J^]j*- karfiS* card of low value, discard (in card playing)

<

(fcur\ i*[^- kar'a)

and kari'a
3j*-

a (kara') to droop, be or become slack,


limp, flabby; to be or
soft, spinelesa, yielding

karaqa

{karq)

to tear, rend, tear


hole (* in); to
(*
s.th.)
;

become languid,
VII do. Till to
(*
s.th.)
;

apart (*

s.th.);

to

make a
bore

perforate,

pierce,
s.th.),

to

invent,

devise,

contrive

to

penetrate (*

break, pass (* through

create, originate (* s.th.)

s.th.); to traverse, cross, transit (* s.th.,

a oountry); to violate, impair, infringe

9/-

kari*

and

*t mJJ-

kari' soft, languid,


(*
s.th.),

encroach {* upon); to break


like),

yielding,

spinelesa,

devoid

of

energy,
(*

a vow, and the

commit a breach

nerveless

of (*); to exceed the ordinary, be un9jj>-

kirwa'

castor-oil

plant,
bot.)

palma

usual, extraordinary, unprecedented, un-

Christi (Ricinus

communis;

heard-of
is

^UII

Jyi to go beyond what


lie

f-lj^-l iJctir' pl. -t

invention

ordinary or customary IV to lurk,

in wait
f-

juft

muktari'

pl.

-n inventor
pierced,

V and

VII to be torn, be rent, be


VIII to
pierce
(*

be broken

?}

muktara'

pl. -(

invention

s.th.)

to cut, break, pass (* through s.th.),

Jiy- karifa a (karaf) to dote, be senile and


feeble-minded; to drivel, talk foolishly

penetrate (* s.th.); to traverse, cross,


transit (* s.th.), travel through s.th. (*);

to exceed {* e.g.,

limit),

go beyond

uyi

karaf feeble-mindedness, dotage,

s.th.

(*)

4<uL<

Jj^*-I

(masmi'ah) to

<

aenility; childishness (of

an old man)
karfn feeble-

shrill in s.o.'s ears

Ji^-

kari}

and

<3l*/-

3j*- karq tearing, rending, laceration;

minded, doting; childish; dotard


Juj*- karlf

piercing, boring, Perforation ; penetration

autumn,

fall

disruption;

breakthrough

tra Version,

jlj*- karifi
Jtjj*-

autumnal
pl.

crossing, transit; violation, breach; (pl.

3jj+-

kurq)

hole,

aperture, opening

karf

jl^-

kirf,

ii^-l
(Uil

,y$\

3jii- Je.

al-amn al-'mm violation


jliUii

akrifa,

oli^ kirfn young

sheep, lamb,

of public security;
againat

3j*-

offense

yearling; wether
<it^*i

common
51^1

usage,

violation
(ittasa'a)

of
the

kurfa

pl.

-f

superstition; fable,

mores;
rent
is

fairy tale

J* Jj^l Jl beyond repair

Jj3j-

kurq and

kurqa awkwardness,
|

*j-\

akram 1 having a perforated nasal

olumsineBs; Btupidity
^tupidity;
...

Jij\

j J/-

(ra'y)

septum

folly,
it

madneas;

Ji^J-'l

J*

fjt takrim
work

pieroing, boring, drilling;

!
...

J\j\

would

be very unwise

Perforation; punching; lacemaking, lace-

to

ij/- trg pl.

Jyt ttrof

tatter, shred;

itjfi

takrima

lace,

lacework, open-

rag; Bcrap (of paper); polishing oloth;


eraser (cloth)

work,

filigree

fl^l inkirm etate of unsettlement,

JyM

akraq*,

f.

.1*/- JcarqcT*, pl.

J/-

disturbance,

disOrganization,

derange-

wrj clumsy, awkward; stupid; irregulr;


illegal, illieit,

ment

j l^xll

plyfi'l

(tawzun) disturb-

unlawful
sleight of hand,

ance of equilibrium
Ajjif(e.g.,

^fc

makraqa trickery,

makrm

defective,

incomplete

legerdemain, hoous-pocus, swindle


Jjljt

a manuscript)

makdriq* a kind of pastry


iktirq

(tun.)

lye.

mukarram

perforated;

done

in

Jlj^-I

penetration;

pieroing,

openwork, in

filigree

disruption; tra Version, orossing, transit

lyi kwrm&a
*~>jj~

pl. -t (ir.)

harrow

JjU- rg and {#jUI

or)

oUl JjUunheard-of;
pheJjj*-

kurnb oarob, looust; carob bean,

exceeding the customary, unusual, extraordinary,


pl.

locust pod, St.-John's-bread

unprecedented,

3j\j+

kawrvf preternatural

kirnig

pl.

jj[f- karniq*

young hare,

nomena, miracles; that whioh transoends


the oonceivable or the rational
4M.UI
|

leveret

JjUk.

supernatural ;

Cj UjLJ.1

3j \j*-

t_Jj*~

**rwo' castor-oil plant, palma Christi


60*.)

(Ricinus communis;
x

al-mufdaft miraoulouB ooincidences

3 fit- muktaraq
fyZ-

passage, passageway

y- kazxa u
stab
{

to pierce, transflx
s.o.,
t->

(*

s.o.);

to

with) with)

Till

to

pierce,

karama
s.th.),

(karm) and II to pierce (*


hole or holes {* in); to

transfix

( s.o.,

*->

make a

perforate (* s.th.)
riddled, be
settled,

Tu

*y- kazz pl. jjj*- kuzz silk, Bk fabrio


l

to be pieroed, be

tom;

to be deranged, un-

j^- kazara u to look askance


b.o.

at s.o.), give

disorganized;

to

come
to

to

an

() a sidelong glance
al-kazar the Caspian Sea
pl.

end, run out, peter out, get lost VIII to


destroy,
off,

annihilate

s.o.);

carry

^tjJ-'

j* bahr

carry

away

s.o.,

of death); to

j\)j*-

kaizurn

jjL*- kayzir* cane, reed;

break (u>ji~JI the ranke), pass through


s.th. (*)

rattan;
*j\)lr*-

bamboo
kaizurna cane, atiok

-y(e.g.,

karm

pl.

*jj- kvrm gap, blank


j*~ kaza'a a {kaz*) to cut, sever (* s.th.)

in a manuscript, or the like)


|

*S~ kvrm hole


eye of the needle
**[,+

ij^\ *j- k. al-ibra

J-*)*-

kuia'bal idle talk, bosh

jy*- kuza'bala
auger, gimlet;

pl. -t idle talk,

boBh;
bull

karrma

drill, bit,

joke, jest, hoax; fib,

yam; cock and

punch, perforator

story

; ;

237

<*r
(* s.th.); to
s.th.)

J>j*- kazaf pottery,

earthenware; poroelain,

put in safekeeping, keep

(*

china; ceramics

Sy-

kazaf %

(made

of )

porcelain

y-

Jcaxn

storing;

accumulation,

porcelaneous, porcelain, china (adj.)


J Ij.

hoarding, amasaing ; storage, warehousing


~*iy-

kazzf

dealer

in

chinaware

kazna
vault ;

treasure

houae

safe,

potter
i|j>- fcizfa

coffer,

wardrobe,

looker ;

cup-

potter's trade, pottery

board
lj-

kizna

pl.
;

-t,

\y-

kax&in*
safe
(of for

3j*-

kazaqa

to pierce, stab, transfix (*, to drive,

treasure
treasury,
official

houae

vault,

coffer,

s.o.,

s.th.);

ram

(,j>jVl

treasury
agency),

department

an
the

s.th. into

the ground); to tear, rend, rip

any

offioe

apart

(* s.th.) II to tear, rend, rip

apart

deposit

and

disbursement
closet;

of

funds;
li-

(a s.th.)

V and

VII pass of I and II


(in

locker, wardrobe,

cupboard;

3j>-

kazq rip, rent, tear, hole

brary
i.1*
rdiil

joJI

*l^- k.

ad-daula and

~*j>\)*-

garment)
Jjjl- kzq pl. ,jij\^- kawztq* post,

(mma)
Z\y^-

public treasury, exchequer;

k. at-talj ioebox, refrigerator;

Btakc, pole; dirty trick

<3jjU- II that's

i_^&l '\y- k. al-kutvb bookcase; library;


l~^>j~a*-

tough luck!
3

Z\y- (hifpiya) private library;

^'iU.I

4j\jii-

wardrobe, closet, locker

3jj+ look up alphabetically


kazala
i

oj>-

jeazina pl. \yi- kaz'in* treasure

L>y-

{kazl) to cut off, sever {* s.th.);

house; publio treasury, exchequer; treasury, treasury department (of an official

to hinder, prevent, hold back, restrain,

keep
ehort,

( s.o.,

je from) VIII to cut

off,

cut

agency), any offioe for the deposit and

end abruptly

(* s.th.); to shorten,

disbursement of funds; cashier's


vault,
coffer,

offioe;

abridge, abbreviate (* s.th.); to stand

safe;

cashbox,

tili

(of

alone

{<->

with an opinion)
abridgment, abbreviation;

merchant)

|i-*U-M

oj^l

(kfpa) (formerly)
(Ir.);
~*}jJ\

the Royal Privy Pree


J'j^-1 iktizl
k.

"*Lij>-

ad-daula public treasury, exchequer;

shorthand, stenography
<J/j

ii^l, iij^, -u^lj iy <jj*- cash register

muktazil stenographer
\yi

kazzn

pl,

-t,

^ j\j*oil);

kazxin*

?y- kazama
pearls)
|

(kazm) to string, thread (*


*yi-

dam

reservoir ;

basin,

sump,

pool
-n)

<ij\

(anfah) to pierce the

storage tank (also for

(pl.

nasal septum (of a camel) and uisert the

storehouseman, warehouseman
jjt

nose ring for the bridle; to


aubservient to one's will
jl^.

make

s.o.

makzan

pl.

oj\Jt

makzin*

storeroom, storehouse; depoaitory; stookpl.

kizm, il^- kizma

l^>

ka*

room, storage room; depot, magazine,


warehouse
stre ;
;

z'im 2 nose ring


l/|^ji-

stre,

shop,

department

kuzm lavender

ujil

al-makzan

the

Makhzan,
(formerly:
\

{bot.)

the

Moroccan
b}A m.

govemment
adutiya

kazana u (kam) to
hoard,
secret,

stre, stock, lay up,

governmental finance department; Mor.)


hj*\
drugstore;

aniasa,

accumulate;
II

to

keep

jit

keep (* a secret)

and VIII to
(* s.th.);

j\x^>^\ m. al-i$dr shipping

room
(of

(com.);

stre, stock, lay up,

warehouse

^J^\ oyt m, al-'a trunk


mobile)

an auto-

to stre up, accumulate (* s.th.); to

dam

J^
yfi-

238

makzani being under govenunent

jfi-

mukzin

disgraeeful,

shameful,

control or adminitration, belonging to

scandalous, infamous
jjjt

the

(amlk)
Jjljt

govemment (Mor.) govemment land


mahzini
pl. -%ya

<?jf-

^*'

mukziya

pl.

-t disgraeeful

aot,

(Mor.)

infamy

native gendarme

(Mor.)
jlit

^-^ kassa
makzin*; Jj^UI
jljt

(Ist pers. perf. Jcasistu)

(<--

kisaa, 1-L-ji. kassa) to

be mean, base,

m.

af-fariq

vile;

to become

less,

deorease, diminish,

the nearest, shortest way, a short cut


^yfi- makzanji storehouseman, ware-

depreoiate, fall in value;


lassen, reduce, diminish

(*

kassa u to
s.th.)

II

to

houBeman
jl-LJ*-

lassen, reduce, diminish (* s.th.)

kwoTwir, kaznadr treasurer


takzin
storage,
storing,

^.^
bot.)

Jaus

lettuoe

(Lactuca

sativa

jj*-

ware-

housing; storing up, accumulation ; dam-

iw^ kassa
'<-+ kisaa

(n. un.)

head of lettuce

ming
ujU-

and

S-l*- kassa meanness,

kzin

pl.

*Jji-

kazana,

o]y-

baseness, vileness
-

kuzzn treasurer
jjit

**-r-

kasis

pl. I*-1

akiss'*

mean,

makzn

stored,
(pl.

stored

up,

base, low, vile, despicable, contemptible,

deposited,

warehoused;

-#) stock,

miserable
<-_- faw*a pl. ^-JL
trick,
Jfcoi'w3

Bupply, stock in trade

mean

infamy
o
(faw*) to

tfj*-

kaziya a (kizy, kutan) to be or become


vile,

base,
(lj*^

despicable,

oontemptible

kazya) to be ashamed (j- of);


i

t- falsa*
'(j-*-

chase

away
scram

( s.o.);

kasi'a

to be driven away,
it
!

make

kaz

to disgrace, dishonor, discredit,


(* s.o.);

off

cJ- kaei'ta beat

iLJl t-jtl

put to ehame embarrass

to shame, abash,

ifcsa"

aika do.
aksa' s baser, meaner,

s.o.)

IT to humiliate, deL-j^l

more

des-

grade, dishonor

( s.o.);

to shame, put to

shame

{ s.o.)

picable; weaker
*^-U- fat'

to be ashamed

spumed,

rejeeted, outeast;

^yshame

Jfizy,
|

hazan

shame,

disgrace,

low, base, vulgr, despicable, contemptible;

ignominy

I^JJ L

y la-l-kaz what a

disgraeeful, shameful,
futile,

scandalous,

infamous;
f.

vain (attempt); weak,

Ljit kasyn*,

LjA kazy,

pl. lulyt

feeble, languid

kazy ashamed, shamefaced, abashed;


shameful,
disgraeeful,
vile

scandalous,

in-

&?.-,{ kastaka indisposition

famouB, base, mean,


Ijjc

ib-Jt
sickly

mukastak indisposed,

unwell,

makzh

pl. jljt

makzin a shamedisgraeeful

ful thing,
pl.

a diagrace; reason for shame;


things,
aots,

j*J- kasira a (jeusr, jL_*> kasr, jL-*- kasra,


lj^ji-

shameful

kusrn)

to

ineur

loss,

suffer

infamies
jjje

damage; to
majeziy

lose, forfeit (* s.th.);

to go
to to

ashamed,

shamefaced,
jji^l

astray,

lose

one'a

way,

get

lost ;
(

abashed; embarrassed,
the Devil

confused;

periah II to cause loss or


s.o.);

damage

to do

hrm

to s.o.); to destroy,

; ;

239

Cr*
_-i-

min
cut,

( s.o.); to

corrupt, deprave
(

( s.o.)

kasab

pl.
|

ujLI^I
i_, *.r-

akSb
k.

wood,

IT to cause a loss

to s.o.); to shorten,

lumber, timber L^l

al-anbiya

reduce
s.o.

(*

s.th.)

to grudge

or

s.th.),

envy

s.o.

(J* J* or j) the (

guaiacum wood, lignum vitae


i-i*-

kaSaba

pl. -t, t_jLl^l

possession of
_

ak&b piece

(*)

of wood; a timber; pale, post; plank,

_>- kuar loss,

damage
loss,

board
forfeiture;

cII
b<

4JL+.

k.

al-mayyit coffin;
stage
(of

jl^r-*-

kusrn

damage,

r/-il

--*"

oX-masrah

decline,
fligacy

deterioration ;

depravity,

pro-

theater), -y-ll '<-!+


,ji>- Jcaiabl

J* on the "boards"

wooden, woody, ligneoua,


timber-,

IjLs-

kasra
;

pl.

J\~J-

kas'ir*

loss,

made

of

wood;

lumber-

(in

damage
mit.)
|

pl.

losses,

casualties

(j

in

Compounds)
t_jli*^

)!* L

what a
(eg.)

pity! too badl


loser; aflfected

kaSSb

pl.

lumber merchant

01^-;-

kasrn
or loss

by

l^aJL^ takSib paneling, wainscoting


4TiiJc

damage

takiiba pl.

-t,

t-^ilic

takSib*

^U-

<>

lost,

hopeless ;

involving

barrack, wooden shed


l_-L*i

substantial losses; loser; depraved, cor-

rupted; profligate, disreputable person,


scoundrel
j-Jt mukassir causing damage, harmful,

takaiSub stiffness, rigor, rigidity;

stiffening
i_JL^i* mutakaSiib

frozen, rigid;

stiff,

noxious, injurioua, detrimental


%

bard, firm
C~L*- kuSt pl. ZjjI^- huSt javelin

l_-

karnfa

(kasf, J>-^ kusf) to sink,

sink down, give way, cave in, disappear,

go down to be eclipsed (moon)


;

-^U^i*- kaki

(coli.

n. un. S) pl. ^^S-lL-

(kasf)
|

kaSkii 2 poppy
9,ji*m.L*-

to cause to sink, cause to give

jJylM

4j

4i

,J*-- k. llhu bihi l~ar$a

made him made the

sink into the

way God ground, God


him
up

ka&kas'a to

dank,

clatter, rattle; to

ruetle

ground

swallow

i*i.

kaSkaSa

pl. -t

noise;

dank,

VII to sink, sink down, go


<J&.-*-

down

clatter, rattle; rustfe, rustling; craah

kasf baseness, ignominy, disgrace,


inferiority
|

*iJL>. (-=
lj{+

~L

rattle (toy)

shame;

Li--

fl

sma
kuSra leftover
;

kasfan to humiate, abse, degrade


i_jj--

(of

meal);

offal,

{ s.o.)

refuse

a discard, a worthlesB thing

kusf

occultation

(astron.)

lunar eclipse

A*. kaSa'a a

be

(fj^- kui') to be submissive, humhle to humble o.s. to fade


; ;
|

kaiia

(JcaSi)

to enter (j s.th.)

(voice)

^-m-j

*~S-

(basarihi)

to lower

^Ll- kiSS vermin, insecta


i*- II to lignify,

one's oyes II to humble, reduce to Sub-

mission

fl.o.)

to display humility;

become woody or woodwith wood, to


(*
s.th.)

to be humble; to be moved, be touched

like; to line, face or caae

panel, wainscot

V to
to

lignify,

Yy--

kui'

submissiveness,

Submis-

become woody or woodlike;


bard,
(e.g.,
stiff,

become

sion, humility

firm, rigid; to stiften, freeze

*iU- kSi'

pl.

kaia'a submissive,

with panic)

humble

JiLi. kuff various fruita, stewed in airup or rose water,

and soaked

J*-l affi

mora timorous, more

fearful;

compoto
grita

more to be

feared,

more frightening

JGLu-

Jpuikr coarsely

ground grain,

Li*
kaJSy

Jfaiyn*,

f.

Li*

kaiy,

pl.

LH*
ap-

timorous,

timid,

anxious,

<j_i>- kaikariSa Bcab, slough, Bcurf

prehenaive

-V

II to intozicate,
-i^-

make drunk

( b.o.)

^U-

fcn timorous, timid, anxious,

kam noBe; mouth; vent, outlet

apprehensive
i*

(>**
gills;

kam

pl.

^it* kayHm* noee;


noee

ka&a u

to distraguish, favor (especially,


{ s.o.),

also

pl. *-2t*-

before others), Single out


special honora (

beatow

upon

s.o., in
(_>

preference
a.o.

.^1* kaAuna u (*i>i* fcuina) to be rough,


coarse,

to others); to
confer,

endow
(_>

with),

crude; to be raw, uncut, unII

beatow

upon
to

s.o. a.th.);

to

polished

to roughen, coarsen,
III

make

apportion,

allot,

assign,
(->

accord,
s.o.

give,
in

crude (*
boorish

B.th.)

to be rde, uncivil,

dedicate, devote

a.th.,
:

to

s.o.)

to display rough,

preference to others); with <iJ


possession (* of),
4
,.

to take

rde, or coarse, manners; to be rough,

demand
s.o.),

(* B.th.; also

uneven; to lead a rough


lead a rough

life

XII *jZS-\
j;

^j**(

nafaah); to be specifically

ik&iu&ina to be rough, coarse. crude; to


life

associated
(.

with

be characteristic
(.

of

s.o.),

be peculiar

to); to

apply

jJL* kaiin pl. Liw-

k&n
jjL

rough, crude
n"im); rde,
(life);

in particular {* to), be especially valid


(* for); to concern,

coarse (as opposed to

regard

( s.o.,

s.th.),

unpolished, uncouth; tough, harsh


hoarse, raucous
(voioe)
|

have special relevance


on)
I

(*

to),

bear (*
devote

iJ~Jl\

jJL-

k.

objo <**

(bi-'inyatihi) to

al-lama coarse to the touch, rough, un-

even,

wrinkled;

jl^l

one's attention to s.o., favor s.o. with

k.

alkviq

one's attention; ^JUl* *-* (bi-g-dikr) to

uncouth, boorish; *jH\ ^2+- &. al-^ra


thick-shelled;

^'1
P
f.

^M
harsh,

makft special mention of

s.o.

or s.th.;

(jiiu )

th

J+

_^-\

(ajnwu)

mention,
foll.

among
l-i*

strong sex
jlrf.1

them, especially (with

acc); ^

akian*,

.Lit

kaind'*, pl.

jl*
un-

L^

this does not concern

me, this
to

is

kuin
couth

rough,

tough,

rde,

none

of

my

business

II

specify,

partioularize, itemize (* s.th.); to speoialize

(*

s.th.),

narrow, restriot (J

*LiX\ al'haSn' the vulgr, uneducated

s.th. to); to designate, destine, set aside,

people

earmark, Single out ( J * or


for

s.o.

or B.th.

ij^- Jcuina roughness, coarseneea;


crudeness; rudeness

a purpose); to devote in particular,


apportion (J *
(J *
to);

dedicate, assign {J * s.th. to); to allocate,


allot,

s.th.

to ap-

kaHya a

(aiy,

U*-

kaSya)

to fear,

propriate
hold,

funds for); to reBerve,


a.th.

( s.o., * B.th., J for s.o. or a.th.), be afraid (* of) II to frighten, soare,

dread

withhold (J *
(*->

for);

to tie

terrify,

alarm

( s.o.)

embarrassed; to

V = I; be ashamed

down
field);

a.o.

to a special field)
-*

to

VIII to be

Bpecialize

in, also

or j, in a scientific
one's

to

devote

all

attention

IJJ- fea&ya fear, anxiety, apprehenaion

(J to s.th.); to apply o.s. <J to), go in


for s.th.
(J); to

j+

^*-

kaiyatan min for fear of

be peculiar

(->

to); to

241

be choeen, destined, earmarked <J for)


VIII to distinguish, favor
(l->

especially,
specifically

particularly,

in

particular,

s.o. with),

confer distinction

(t-

upon

8.0. by);
(*->

to

(^y**-

kupsi special;

private,

per-

devote, give, accord, afford


s.th., in
(i-t

to s.o.

Bonal

preference to others); to dedioate

to s.o. s.th., e.g., one's Services);

l^L*- kapfa poverty, penury, privation, destitution,


,ja+-\ affof2

(with 4-JJ) to tte exolusive posBession


(a
of),

want
special,

claim,

demand

{*

s.th.),
*j

lay
*z*-\

more

more

speoifio
|

special claim (* to; also <~Ju

^^"1/1 J* especially; ^^-^1

do.

nafsah) ; to be distinguished, be marked

Uu^l
(<-*

by); to possess alone, in distinction


all

akisf' 2 intimate friends,

con-

from
s.th.),
(i~>

others,

have above others

fidantB
{<^>

have the advantage over others


to

JLa^-I iks'i see a lS*+


r

that);

be peculiar
(<~>

(*->

to);

to

-'* takfis specialization; speoifica-

concern, regard

s.th.),

bear (v on); to
( <_j

tion, particularization, itemization; des-

be

pertinent,
( *_>

have

rele vanoe

to)

ignation,

destination

(for

a purpose);
allocation
fi-

have to do

with) ; to be duly quaJified,


{*_>

allotment,
reservation;

apportionment,
(pl.

be competent, have Jurisdiction


e.g.,

in;

-t)

appropriation,
|
l

an authority); to have as a
(<_*

special

nancial

allocation;

credit

_r

function or task

^r^

J*

s.th.)
(bot.)

^
u^ti~
akfif*

and

(J

^L;rai^\

o-j

Bpecifioally

ka$$ lettuce

M~*ji takappuf specialization (esp. t in iJ


kiffi,
>

kupp
o*J~**
m

pl.

^U^

^U^-l

a scientific

field) pl.

foffy nut Bhack, shanty,

^Lai^l
bailiwiok

iktifify

-dt

jurisdiotion,

hovel
-

competence; speoial province or domain,


kaf?a jet of water
Jfapf
(fig.);

pl.
;

prerogatives, Privi-

,j-L*-

interstiee,

interval,

leges,

monopolies

concesaions
j'i

(Intern.

crevice, crack,

gap

Law); u^Lm^-VI (olj)

duly quafied,

authorized, responsible, competent; !/li

<*L**- kap#a crevice, crack, interval,

^La^-Vi
field

scope of competence, sphere of

gP
<**~a>-

authority, Jurisdiction, province, domain,


kapi#a
pl.

,j*jL+ji-

kap'ip*

special characteristic or quality, specialty, particularity, peculiarity

^La^.1

iJftisfi pl.

-n specialist

,j*U- k$a special, particular; specific,

L*~*i^ kiaaipan particularly, especially,


specifically

peculiar;
(<_j

relative,

relevant,
(<^>

pertinent

to),

concerning

s.th.);

earmarked,
(<~>

j/^
ly
J

kup$ specialness; L-y^*-

Jeu*

designated, destined, set aside


especially valid or true
(<->

for);

fifan especially, in partioular, speoifical-

for), especially
(<->

u^j^ak
foll.

,j-y~**-

j and
as
to,

o-y-*^-

j*

applicable

(<_j

to), characteristic

of);

(with

genit.)

concerning,

distinguished ;

private ;

exclusive,

not

regarding, with respeot to, as regards;


yJ

public
Journal
special
all

t->

i^UAji\j

*Joj*r
,j<*ll

professional

fym\ \Xf and


in

%J*y*\

ii

j* in this
in
tbis

for...;

('mm) the

oonnection,
respect,

this
this,

matter,

and the general; high and low,


^-1^1
k-^JJl

about

concerning this; Je
tt-j

people;

physician

in

*y*\ and ^^m^-\

J* (wajhi

l-k.)

ordinary

<*U- bdffa pl. j-^- kawffi exclusive

tafytb fructification, fertilization


fertility

property; private possession; specialty,


particularity,
peculiarity, characteristic,

V
1.

L*^I ityb

property,

attribute;

essence,

intrinsio

oL^ mulfofi^ibt
<*

fertilizers

natura; leading personalities, people of


dwtinction, <^U^I the upper class, the

mukfib

fertile,

productive, fat

educated; kffiaian and 1^1* bi-fe$fatin


especially, in particular
fl
|

j**-

fcafira

(apar) to

become cold; to

jil <^U- j

Buffer

from the cold

III to olasp (* s.o.)

%.

anfusihim at the bottom of their

around the waiBt, put one's arm around


s.o.'s ()

hearts,

deep inaide
hfflya
pl. -l,

waist Till to shorten, condenae,

wU-

^L*^

abridge,
kap'ifi*

epitomize

(*

s.th.)

to

sum

marize
_

(* s.th.)
pl.

speoialty,

particularity.

characteristic,

peculiarity, property, special attribute,


feature, trait, qualifi cation ; prerogative,

rM^- faer

jj~**- kufir hip, haunoh,

waiat
'*j**t-

privilege; Jurisdiction,

competence

mikfara

pl.

j*f- malpeir* stick,

<+>ji- feuwaiefia (dimin. of <**U- hffa)


one's

baton, wand; maoe, scepter


jL*i-l
iJptifir

own

business, private affair

Jb

shortening, condensation,

jjJ

i-i^-

he meddlea in

my

private

abridgment,

summarization,
|

epitomiz

affairs

ing (of a statement); hrevity

jLa^VL;

(j-y-^^

makp

special

and

jL*^-Ij briefly, in short, in a few

marked,

tr*** mujfa$$a# chosen, set aside, eardesignated, destined (J for);

words
j^z- muktafar shortened, Condensed,

allotted,

apportioned, allocated;

pl.

abridged ;
Buccinot;

hrief,
(pl.

short ;

concise,

terse

- -'* (financial) allocations;

appropria-

-t)

short excerpt, brief

tions, oredits; (daily) allowancea; (food)

exposition, Synopsis, outline,


abstract, epitome,

rations

Ul
lLL1

allowancea;
list

oU^ oU^ m.
(<-

(itffiya)

extra

summary, compendium
j~*\)*-

aJ-mnZtfc civil

^U-

Jffiira
|

pl.

kawpir* hip,
S^i (Sauha) a

haunch, waist
pertaining,
to);

*jjj\

u*z mukta$$
relevant, relative

pertinent,
i_'

thorn

in bis side

duly qualified,

authorized, responsible, competent; special; pl.

r(*

jfoafa i {kapf) to

mend,

repair,

Bew

oL*ii

muktafft competences

a shoe)
<L*sfca#fa
pl.

<*zjk\ oL.U.1 the


i-*ijil j-'tjjl

competent authorities;
(or authoritative)

JL*-

jeiff

basket

oompetent

(made of palm

leaves)

quarters

iL*- kufila pl. J-**-.uiaJ, -t tuft; bunch,


i

^+-

Jpapaba

and kafiba a
to

(ki$b)

to be

Cluster; lock, wisp (of hair)

fertile (soil) II

make

fertile (* B.th.);

to fructify, fertilize {* s.th.) IV


<^-**- hifb fertility;

iL-

Jfala

pl.

JLa-

kifl

quality,

property, characteristic, peculiarity, trait;


(natural) disposition
~m-

abundance, plenty;

superabundanoe, profusion

u^

kafama

to defeat

(*

an Opponent) in
(* s.th.,

ka#ib

and vi-""

1-

?*& fertile,

argument; to deduct, subtraot


j* from); to discount (* a
III to argue, quarrel,
bill,

productive, fat
hj~**- fpuptiba fertility

a note^

dispute

( with s.o.'

243

to bring legal action


{ s.o.), litigate (*

(*

against

s.o.),

sue

color,

tinge

(* s.th.);

to

dye

(*

s.th)

with); VI to quarrel,

XU

._^*-I ikdavdaha to be or

become

argue, have a fight; to

go to law, carry
(_

green (plant)

on

a lawBuit,

litigate

with

s.o.)

VII to be deducted, be subtracted VIII to


quarrel, argue, have a fight
~*-

O <-*>loJI

kadb Chlorophyll

(biol.)

ujU**- kidab dye, dyestuff


k.

^i^-

ka?m

pl,

jo-^*-

kum,

ad-dam hemoglobin

(biol.)

jL**-i

afom adversary,
opposing party
**(in

antagonist, Opponent;

w-ji^ Jeudb green, greenness, green


color

a lawsuit)
subtraction
rj-**r

Jcapn

deduction ;
pl.

-,--

kadib dyed
(i~ki*~k*-

rebate ;
liabilities

discount ;
(fin.)
|

hupm
al-k.

-^'1

**,*+ kadkada

kadkada) to Bet in
s.th.)

j**.

ri r

discount rate, bank rate;


Jf.

oVL^JI **

motion, upset, rock, shake {*


*~*lm~i.*-

al-kambiylt
p-**-

bill

discount

kadkada concussion, shock,

jolt

kafim

pl.

*]c

^-

kupam* 1 o)?**,

- kadada
thorns)
s.o.,
|

(kadd) to cut off, break off (*

jcupmn adversary, antagonist, Opponent

a&jZ xJ- (Saukatah) to tarne


s.o. in

<j^- kupma quarre), argument,


pute, oontroversy, feud; lawsuit

dis-

hold

check, curb

s.o.'s

power
to
|

Ali-

kadira o (kadar) to be green

II

make
jJui-

l*L^ jfipm

quarrel, argument, dispute,

green, dye or color green {* s.th.)

controversy, feud; lawsuit

^jVl

(ar$) to

sow the Und,

tili

the earth

f^f- rnuf$$im adversary, Opponent,


opposing party
litigant
(in

IX to be or become green XII j~iy-\


ikdaudara

a lawsuit); antagonist;

IX
,

jj^- kadir green


%

verdant ; verdure,

greenery; young green crop (of gram)

^-

kap

(L-

kif') to castrate,

emasouj-iA-'l

Ute
,

al-kadir, al-kidr

( s.o.)

a well-known

legendary figure
iS

*+ fcafiy p\. ol
kutya

i-

kipyn, _*. kipya


~*j-**~

a castrate, eunuch
color;
pl.

kudra

green,

greenness,

green

(pl.

jJ&- kudar) Vegetation,

kuan

testicle

verdure, greenery, greens; vegetables


|

meadow;

j~i*-

^j-ot <s**-

makfiy castrated, emasculated


(/a

uv*

*) gelding
-n specialist; expert (of

jy-i- Ifudari greengrocer

'jl^-l ikpai

pl.

j L**-

kadr

green,

greenness,

green

a specialized
iJr

field)

color; greens, herbs, potherbs


j*-**~jL*S-

kadda
shake
(J

{kadd) to jolt, jog (* s.th.); to

kadlr green

{ s.th.); to frighten, scare ( s.o.)

kuddra greens, herbs, potherbs

M>- ,jJ

laban kadd buttermilk


concussion,

jUi*- kaddr greengrocer


jolt;

****-

kadda

shock,

^1
\jj\

akdar*,
|

f. .[,-irf-

kadrff*, pl.

fright, terror, fear

kudr green

^LJlj

^Vl J* Jl

^
to

(at)

x^~U- kadaba
s.th.);

kadaba

(kadb) to dye, color, tinge (*


i

destroy everything, wreak havoc


ai-kadr'

and ka4*ba a (vj-^*II

"the Verdant" (epi-

kudub) to be or become green (plant)

to

thet of Tunis) ; the sky

244

Cj\j\j^- kadrwt vegetables; greena,


herbe, potherbs
\j^m^\ al-kudair' Paradise

^t-

kadama
fll

(kadm) to

munch

(* s.th.,

with a

mouth), bite

(* into s.th.)

~m*- Jcidamm vaat (said


sea,
(biol.)

of the sea);

O jj~&
*j**t-

yakdr Chlorophyll

ocean

makdara meadow, lawn,

turf,

*-

kaffa

(feaff)

to

draw

or trace a line

J*
{*

sod, greens, verdant land


Cj\j~i-

on); to draw, trace, sketoh, design


s.th.);

to write, pen (* s.th.); to oarve,

mukaddart vegetables
engrave, insoribe (* s.th.); to outline,

kadrim* abundant, (V**- kidrim pl. pjL**oopious ; well- watered, abounding in


water;

mark, trace out, preacribe


s.th.)
|

(* J for s.o.

(|>-)
line;

IW J^
i-^ill

(faltan, aafran) to
(Salbu) bis hair

openhanded,

generous,

liberal,

draw a

*L-

munificent

turaed gray II to draw lines; to rule (*


s.th.); to

{_?+ mukadram designation of Buch


oontemporaries of
poete,

furrow, ridge (* s.th.); to


stripes, stripe,

mark
(*

Mohammed,

with lines or
s.th.);

streak

esp.

of

to pencil {* the eyebrows); to


{

whose Ufe span bridges the time


has

mark, designate, earmark, indicate


s.th.);

of paganism and that of Islam; an old

man who

to demarcate, delimit, delineate,

lived

through

several

stake out, survey {* land, real estate);


generations or historical epochs

to lay out,
**iti-

map

out

(* roads)

Till to

kada'a a

ifj-***-

kud') to bow, defer,


s.o.,

trace out, mark, outline, presoribe (* a

Bubmit, yield, surrender (J to


s.th.),

to

way) to mark, demarcate,


;

delimit, stake

humble

o.a.

(J

before),

obey,

out, delineate (* s.th.); to

map

out, plan,

follow ( J s.o. or s.th.) ; to be subjeot ( J


Jl to
b.o.'b
(

and

projeot
oity); to

(*

e.g.,

the oonatruetion of a
(*

a law, to a power, J or
Jl)

etc.),

be under

make, design, devise

a plan);

control II

and IT to humble,
tractable
(
(

to plan (* s.th.),
J*- b&tt

make plana
1 to4$t

(a for)

subjugate,
s.o.)
;

subdue,

make

pl*

to submit, subject, expose to s.th.)

or *
atripe,

-kt-**

liue;
line,

stroke;
line

streak;

(raroad)

of

s.th. or s.o.

communication ; telephone
obedience,
(rn.il.);

line; frontline

ff**-

kv4*

Submission,

furrow, ridge; handwriting; writcalligraphy,


(

humility, subjeotion

ing,

script;
-1**-

penmanahip

kad' fj-**~

pl. **i*-

kudu' submissive,

humble
pji-t
ikda*

O O

is-h^

ar4ty ground wire (radio);


(fin*) euneiform writing;

^5**- VI

-ltJ-'l

L*l*Vl

i*>l>^l

(ammxya)

the

foremost
(briz)

subjugation,

subdual;

lines, battle lines (m.);

jjb

Ja-

subjeotion
->U-

relievo script; 0j*jj


pl.
**iti-

^*L telephone

line;
.U-

kdi*

kudda*, uU_i-

~<ij*r

^>j^*-

(jamoiya) airlines; ^-ba*-bJi-l

JpwFn, kid*n submissive, humble; obedient, pliant, tractable; subject,. liable,

(hadidi)

and

i-

Ja-

Jf,

sikkai cd-

hadid

raroad

line,

railroad

track;
;

prone (J to
Li*i

s.th.)

J lj
II

Ja- k. az-zawl meridian (aslron. =


je.

jLfl .Jo-^u Ja-

nipf an-nahr);

kada a to be or beoome moist


(* s.th.)

J*-'f

and

IT to moisten, wet

IX

jjl,il

(mismri)

euneiform
equator;

writing;
J^iall Ja.

I^u-Vl Ja- k. al-istitv*

J-

kadil

meist,

wet;

juioy,

suc-

k. af-pl or J^l Ja^ (fll) circle of longitude,

oulent; refreshing, gay, lighthearted

meridian

(geogr.); ^yJ/Ji J- k. al-'ard or

ifjj*

J*>-

{'ardi)

parallel

(of Iatitude)

'^^

kafi'a a (IL^ kata') to be mistaken; to


error,

(geogr.); U.I *_i; Jt*.

k.taqsim al-miyh

commit an
sin
II

make a mistake;
guilty
s.o.);

to

divido, waterahed; Jl^SCll Ij\ .W- k. al-

to

charge with an offense, indeclare


(

qwaal-kahrab'iya power linea; ^-LAI

J**^

criminate,

to

meridian

{geogr.); iuL'l

^ ^_^.
in a

to derail,

accuse

(* s.o.)
;

of an error or mistake; to

run

off the

rails (train);

/'-,- .W-

J* J*

(witw^im) Straightaway,
line; outright,
(JZ aZ-fc.) all
J**.

straight
Jjl

out and out;

Jai-'l

tun.) IV to be mistaken, to commit an error, be at fault (j in); to be wrong (j about, in); to make a

fine (* a.o.
err,

along the line

fcu# section, district, quarter (of

e.g.,

mistake (j in, with); to miss ( s.o., a shot; * the target); to escape (


or
s.o.'s

city)

s.o.

notice;

a fact)

*Jti

tWI
his

<

(fa'luh) (his
iJ**-

omen was wrong,


come
where

i.e.)

a#i handwritten; linear; spear


fcu#a

expectations do not
fulfilled;

true, are
ia

not

<U^-

matter,

affair

condition,

that'a

he

wrong,
U*-l
|

State; office, function, position


iL- ^tf/a, fcu#a pl. JaL>^ W/af, fcufa/

that's where

he made a mistake!
(Ut.
:

^1

(Sai'u)

the

thing

escaped
it; U*-l

piece of land acquired for the purpose of

him, missed him,i.e.) he lacked

huilding ahouae; a piece of real estate.lot;


district;

j-i^l he
JL-Li^l

failed,

was unsuccessful;

\^+-\

map

or plan of a piece of real


sions;

he drew the wrong conclu

eatate, layout ; plan, project, design, inten-

t>liill

jo UmM he confused the


one thing for the
i

tion; line of action, course, policy, rule,

two

things, he mistook

other
precept,
k.

guiding

principle
|

J**Jl

'da*.

dl-'amal Operation plan,


Uai-'

work plan;
to

*la*-

kif sHp, lapse, fault, offenae, sin

**j~ja

ULI

(ixbqan)

according

- kafa'

and

LLi-

kaf* error; mistake,

schedule, as scheduled or planned


JU>-

incorrectnesa ;
callig-

offense,

fault;
|

kafa'an
UiA^I
/,*

kafff

pl.

-n penman,
lines,

erroneously,
it is

by mistake
corrigenda,
tli
I

... l

rapher

takfit

tracing
|

leaving
(faiak)

a
or

(would be) wrong to


al'k.

...;

tiii-'l

,-iL-l

straight

trace

J*IL^

iLli

islh

errata,
qatl

list

of
ao'

iLUwi

li

tracer bullet, tracer (mil.)


ruling,

corrections ;

JJ

al-k.

-UjL^

drawing

cidental homicide (jur.)


of,

or
4JLii>- Jcafi'a pl. -t, IjLU*^

marking with,
tion,

lines; lineation; designa-

ka$y mistake,

marking, earmarking;

surveying,

blunder;

slip,

lapse; fault, offense; crime,


i

survey (of land); planning; projecting,

ain; fine (tun.)

mapping

out,

laying out

(of cities,

of

^Uhufh,

kfi'

wrong,

incorrect,
(pl.

erILf.

roads); plan, design


,J*^z
<-j

roneous; mistaken, at fault;

(rasm)

rough

draft,

firat

actually,

pl.

of colloq. kfi),

aketch, design
b^aif-

U
*
<

kfi'a pl. [)>\j*- kawpi' 3 sinner

makff handwritten; manuscript

J*- mukfi' mistaken, at fault, wrong;

^iaii
JaLii

maktta

pl. -t

manuscript

incorrect, wrong, erroneous

mukafpaf striped, streaked, ruled;

J*+

kafaba u (<-Li kufba, LIL*. kafba) to

furrowed; designated, marked, earmarked; planned, guided, controlled;


aketch, design, plan, layout;
(pl. -t)

deliver a public address,

to preach, deliver

make a speeoh; a sermon (^Ul J and

map (of a city)

^Ul

an-ndsa to the people);

(kafi> t

J^
Ju^ ki\ba) to propose (U to a
girl; aaid

246

formal greetings

by

the

words

-l

LI

of the man), ask for a

girl's

hand (U)

in

amm

ba'du;

conclusion,

termination,

marriage (J on behalf of

s.o.;

said of the

end; decision; unmistakable judgment;


^IW-'i J-a
liiJLoj

matchmaker)

to

give

in

marriage,

Jj

we're through with


for all

engage (J* or J Uj> ,_Ji. (wud* one's daughter to s.o.) dah) and l^oj* ^-A (mawaddatah) he
betroth, affiance,
|
1

one another once and

jl^-

jcijbi

oratorical,

rhetorical,

speech-, lecturing (in


c^jLrf.

Compounds)
(public)

courted her love

III to

address
(

( s.o.).

speak, talk, direct one's words

to
|

s.o.),

katlb pl.

U- kutab'*
lecturer ;

turn

to s.o., orally or in writing)

*JU-

Speaker ;

orator ;

preacher,
girl);

jjLLJU to telephone s.o., call

s.o.

up;

khatib; suitor (for the


fiance
1L*- kafiba fiancee

hand of a

&L

*iU- (bi-l-kf) to address s.o. on

an intimate first-name basis Yl to talk to one another; to converse, confer, have


a talk, carry on a conversation; to write

<>IW-

jcafba

preaching,

sermonizisg,

each other, correspond, carry on a correspondence


VIII to

oratory
i>lL*t

seek a

girl's

(U)

kifba rhetoric, oratory; speech,

hand

in marriage, ask for a girl's

hand

lecture, discourse
!u

u^Li- katb pl.


fair,

v^*-

concern, buiness;

h utb matter, afSituation, con-

iL-

kufba

courtship ;

betrothal,

engagement
iXLit

ditions,

circumstances ;
|

misadventure,

muktaba
speech;

pl. -t

address; public
;

mishap

ili*^

L what

do you want?

address,

proclamation

con|

what's the trouble? what's the matter

versation, talk; Conference, parley

Jvlic

with you?
is
. . .

j 4-i*^ U what concern of his t U what has he to do with


. .

iJixij telephone conversation, telephone


call L^LIjc takfub conversation;

.iJii

u-L.

what's

it all

about?
betrothal,

talk, dis-

kifba

courtship ;

en-

cussion; (inter)communication (also, e.g.,


telephonic,

gagement
iSui-

by

radio, etc.)

<_1U^)1

*J

kufia

pl.

i-^-

kufab

public

lugat

at-t.

colloquial language kfib


pl.

address; speech; lecture, discourse; oration;

^U
fcwfldft

IL* j^afc' 1

v^
1

sermon,

specif.,
|

Muslim
~<*

Friday

suitor;

matchmaker
pl.

sermon, khutbah
address

^U*^

opening

UU- fcfta matchmaker


*jjLft

^IW-

kuffb

woman

V LUaddress,

kib

pl. -t,

Um^I akfiba public


letter,

makfba fiancee
miikfab addressed, spoken to;

speech;
|

oration;

note,
l

message
JijJ\

^~*-ji->'i*k.

welcoming address;
speech from the
(musta'jil) expreBS

UL*t

^ILa

{gram.) second peraon

al-'arS

throne;

Jr-^

V^
1

letter, special-delivery letter; '**&


Je.
;

v^
^ Ut
reg-

J^iwLl look
Ji*. jcatara
i

up alphabetically
(\J**-

Sjjiil **JJI *\* {dt

taqdima letter of introduction al-qima al-mvqarrara)


lettres

O^

kaiarn) to swing, wave,

brandish

(^

s.th.);

to shake, tremble,

(=
fa$l

avec

valeur

declaree)

vibrate; to walk with a (proud) swing-

istered, insured letters (e^.); t^UiA-'l J-a


al-k. (in letters:) conclusion of the

ing gait; to strut, parade haughtily;


i

(jjk*~ kufr) to occur

J to

s.o.),

come

; ;

to s.o.'s (J)

mind

*JL.

J* y>|l J*

(blihi)

[^Vibration

kafarn

swinging,

oacillation,

the matter came to his mind, occurred to

him, he recalled the matter (also

Jli

2 Jm+\ akfar more dangerous, riskier;

and

*)Li or

Oj

J*);
4 j*\

^WU

*J

J*- he

had

weightier, of greater consequence;


serious, graver
*jLJ

more

an idea; JLj jLJ

{lam yakfir bi-blin)


s.th.

an unexpected matter,

one wouldn't
look

dream

of ;

kafura u
riaky,
{\->

{jj**- fcttfra) to

up alphabetically

be weighty; to be important, significant;


to be grave, serious, momentous, dangerous,
perilous,

^LJt maktir 3 dangers, perils


*J*\.

mukfara

pl.

-t

venture, risk,

hazardoua
s.th.,

III

to

hak, hazard, atake


life);

<ii> one's
wager

hazard
jLU^I
ikfr

to incur the danger, run the risk

notification,

information;

(^
s.o.,

of), risk

(^

s.th.); to bet,

warning
jlrU
kfir
pl.

s.o.), let ( s.o.)

J* a stake) IV to notify, inform ( know (^ about s.th.); to


( s.o.)

J\ji-

kawfir*

idea,

thought, notion; mind; desire, inclination, liking


|

warn, caution
lofty,

to walk with a

4>U

Jr^

(K-o/K) for your

proud

gait; to atride, strut (with


;

sake; ^LUall

J$"

j* min htUi kfirin with

a swinging

gait)

to pendulate, osciUate, bet (J* againat a

one's heart,

most gladly; ^LU- *-U j*


free will, voluntarily;
like;

vibrate VI to
stake)

make a

'an flbati kfirin gladly, with pleasure;

of one's
kafar weightineBS, momentousness

own
you

Jp

J*+

iJ^U
s.o.;

as

J>^

JW

to afford

importance,
seriousnesB,

consequence,
gravity;
peril,

eignificance
-t,

satisfaction to s.o., to comfort, reassure

(pl.

jLU>-l

,y

^U-

J*

ii-l

to feel offended

aktr)

danger,

menace (J*
risk ;

to);

by, take offense

at; jUU.

X*
;

padda'a
0*1

riskiness,
(pl. jlL^.
^Li-'l

dangerousness

hazard
|

kfirah to trouble, bother

s.o.

J^]^\

kifr) stake, bet,

wager

J-U-

(fammana) to calm the excitement; j*


jl

of very great importance,

momen-

.jUc {marra) the


...; li^UU-'

thought crossed his

tous; Jm*- ji dangerous, perilous; ,_^JaJ- (muarrad) endangered, jeopardized;


Jm*-\ jLil iSrat al-k.

mind that
al-k.

UjTl (ikrman)
;

for

your sake, to please you

__^L

**j~ sur'at

alarm Bignal

presence of mind; Jm\-\

q^*
risks

quick-

witted
Jm*-

kafir dangerous, perilous, risky,


jtljft

hazardous; serious, grave, weighty, important, significant


lja>-

mutcfir

one

who
;

s.th.,

who
pompoua walk,
idea,

takes

chance

daring,

bold,

venturesome
kaira
pl.

kafart
gait;

strut

swinging

thought,

J* mukfir dangerous,
hazardous
>J*>- kafrafa
(eg.)

perilous, risky,

notion

jlL^ kaffir pendulum (phys.)

to be delirious, to rave,

talk irrationally

j^~
Berious
j_jL>|

kafxr
;

pl.

J*-

kufr

weighty,
~4sjm+

momentouB important, significant; grave,


jtiJl

kafrafa delirium, raving


a, Jcafafa
i

jb*- of great importance


jL*katifa
(Jcaff)

to

snatoh,

kufra weight(iness), importance,


;

wrench or wrest away,


s.th.);

seize,

grab (*
s.th.);

moment(ousness)

consequence,

signifi-

to

make

off

(*

with

to

cance ; gravity, seriousness

abduct, kidnap

( s.o.);

to dazzle (j~*Jt

<JU09-

248

al-ba$ara the

eyes)

V to carry away,
VI to Bnatch or
seize

first

part; important matter

<*Li: Jtl

sweep away
(*
a.th.)

( s.o.)

(afalla)

approx.: to manifest

its force, set

from one another VII to be


away, be swept away VIII to
(*
s.th.);

in (e.g., of a disaater)
,j*L*- kifmi,

snatohed away, be wrested away; to be


carried

kafmi

{coli.

n. un. )

mareh

mallow (lthaea
\1**-

officinalis; bot.)

grab, seize, take forcibly

to

snatch, wreat, wrench (j- * s.th. froni


s.o.);

kifm

pl.

U*.

kufum noseband,

to abduct, kidnap

( s.o.);

to ran

halter (of a camel)


(jb*-) Hui kaf

away, elope (U with a woman); to make


off (*

(katw) to step, pace, walk;


|

with

s.th.);

to dazzle (j-aJI al-

to proceed, advance, progress


iw-lj (kafawtin)

&\\jL*-

\L*-

bapara the eyes)


<JaL*-

to take lorge strides,

katf

grabbing, forcible

seizure,

also

fig.

to

make extraordinary
to overetep, transgress

rape; abduction, kidnaping; LiW- katfan


rapidly, quickly

progress II and

(a s.th.); to cross (* B.th.),


pl.

go or walk

UL^
flash
trice,
|

katfa

kafaft

(n. vic.)

through
leave
its

s.th. (*); to ford (* a river); to

snatching away, a grab; sudden stirring,


j_rJI

banks, overflow (river) ; to cross,


the seas); to omit, die-

XjL*.

(barg) instantly, in

traverse {jUJI

like

a atreak

of lightning; JJL*-

regard, ignore, pase

by

so.);

to go

j^aJI

c->Ui*^

j* an impulse, a sudden

beyond
exoeed,
surpass,

s.th.

(*); to

extend
B.th.);
(

(Jl to);

to

emotion
Jiliui- kafff

tranacend
outstrip,

(*

to

excel,
;

outdo

s.o. )

to

rapacious; robber
pl.

proceed, pass (* through s.th., Jl to),


leave s.th.
(*)

tjO^ kufff

<Ja\L*- kafdfif* (iron)

behind and turn to


* s.o.,

B.th.

hook; fiahhook;

(coli.; n.

un/)

swift,

eise (Jl); to disregard (*,

B.th.) in
(Jl)
j

variety of swallow
.Jula*- kaffif

order to turn one's attention to


.Ji-LIL-

pl.

kaftif

iron

/U^l Jl

4j

^Lje (il l-ammi) to promote,

hook
t_jlla^-l iktiff

advance
grabbing, forcible seizure,

s.th. VIII to step, pace,

walk; to

prooeed, advance, progress

rape; abduction, kidnaping


<_ilU- jcfif pl.

J** katvxt

pl.

katatot

and

hufiva pl.

J*L\j- kawfif3 raven-

kufwt, kufuwSt,
stride
|

tlliA

ous;

rapacious;

rapid,

prompt; quick,
fleeting;

step, pace, J*- Jcufan jU (kufhu) to walk, or

sudden;
brief
|

lightninglike ;

short,

iU-

^Ui

ravenous wolves; *jj~*

Xu taqaddama kufwatan fa-kufwatan to proceed or advance step by step;


Ja*-

follow, in s.o.'s footstepa; jkij l^i*-

]U- (pra) Bnapshot;


blitzkrieg

LU

el

^>j*- (harb)

* U- (ittakada) to take a decisive Btep;


ijjij

uL^iu^ kafwatn wa-qafza hop, skip


(atklet.)

JL- kafa a (kafai) to talk nonsense IV do.

and jump
-L*
Jcafiya

V to

Btrut,

walk with a pompous

gait;
(

to walk with a proud, awinging gait Jl* kafal idle talk, prattle

i^^)

glip,

lapse,

trans-

gression, fault, offense, sin


l\]a*-

Jcufh pl. of "(jUU kfi' sinner


i

Jl*- kafil

garruloua, chattering, given


Ja*-

to silly talk ; stupid, foolish


Jt*-

kaffa

to be light (of weight); to be to

slight,

inaignificant;

beoome

lighter,

kafm nose, snout, muzzle

(of
;

an animal)
foremost or

decrease

in

weight,

lose

weight;

to

front part (nose and mouth)

decrease in intensity, grow lighter (color)

to be nimble, agile, quick; to hasten,

(Jli-

Jcaff,

kjU^I

j*

liajar

al-Jc.

huny, ruah
(*
s.th.),

(Jl

to)

II to

make
(*

lighter
(*);

pumice, pumice stone


jLii- Jcuffn
JuAji.
Jcafif

reduce the weight of


relieve,

to

pumice, pumice stone


pl.

ease,
s.o.

lighten,
a.th.
<J*

soften

jp for
also
kjli*Jciff,

ijLU-l

difficult

or

oppreflsive,

J*'

8 -th., e.g., s.o.'s

Bituation); to

akff,
slight,

IUI
little,

ajcijf'

light

(of

weight);
thin,

lessen, decrease, reduce, diminish (a or


jr-

trivial, insignificant;

s.th.); to mitigate, alleviate,

moderate,

scanty, aparae; nimble, agile, sprightly,


lively;
"<S~jL\

temper
(> e.g.,
(>

(*

or

s.th.);

to thin, dilute

<-i--'
k.

name

of a poetic meter

a liquid); (gram.) to pronounce


|

-Ja-JuI-

al-haraka easy movable,


^oJI

a consonant) without taSdid

diip <JaJ*-

very mobile; nimble, agile;

t_i-*ij-i-

Je.
je.

kaffif
libp,--

'anka ! cheer up

be of good cheer

ad-dam amiable, charming; rjj\

j-

i_Ja_iL>-

kaffif
"ifill

min

sur'atika/

ar-rh likable, charming, winning, amiable; gay, in high apirits, cheerful;


JLil
Je.

slow
s.o. 's

down
pains

to soothe
;

u^
^i*-

V to

dress lightly
(of

to dis-

az-zill likable, nice (person);


Je.

burden, relieve
rid o.s., free o.s.

o.s.

a brden); to

j^LJI
witted ;

al-'ridain having a thin beard;

(j- of s.th.); to

huny
in

JJI iJaJ^- k. al-'aql feeble-minded, dimoJi

away

(je-

from),

leave

(jp

s.th.)

^j^U-

k.

al-yad

nimble-

huny X
s.th.),

to

deem

(> s.th.) light; to

value

fingered, deft; JoJl^- ^li

weak

tea
les-

lightly, diadain, scorn, despise (<- s.o. or

ij\'^

tajcfif

Iightening,

easing ;

look

ing (<- of),

down make

(<-

upon), think noth-

sening, decrease, diminution; reduetion;


allaying,
liation,
relief;

light (<- of), aet little

mitigation,

alleviation,

pal(jur.);
|

stre (<- by); not to take serioualy (<s.th.),

moderation; commutation
(e.g.,

attach no importance (<- to); to


< s.o., e.g.,

thinning, dilution

of a liquid)

carry away, transport


J**- kuff pl.

joy)

cJi-ii-JI

u>jJ* extenuating circumstances

OU*(pl.

kiff,

JLUl akff

(jur.)

shoe, slipper;

cJU^I akff) camel

cJU^jl-1

istikfj

diadain, acorn,

con-

hoof; foot (of the ostrich); sole (of the


foot) O;1*- J^ TJ raja'a bi-kuffai hunain to return with empty hands,
|

tempt

levity, frivolity

liJfi-

Ctjji zurf mukaffifa extenuating


(jur.)

circumstances
,_Ajii.

without having achieved one's mission;


to

accomplish

nothing,

fail,

be

un-

mukaffaf thin, diluted

euccesaful

jU- Jcafata

u (o^i*die

Jeuft)

to become in-

>- kijfa lightless (of weight); alightness, ness,

audible,
voiee)
;

down,

die

away

(sound,
still

insignificance, triviality; sprightli-

to

become sent, become


cjU- {bi-kalmihi,
VIII

buoyancy ;

agity,

nimblenesa

III <Jj~*i, <4^xj


tihi)

bi-au

inconstancy, fickleness, flightiness, levity,


frivolity
iT^J-l
>oJl
|

to lower one's voiee IV to silence,


( s.o.)

"<S~jL\

<i>-

Je.

al-haraka,

i-U-

reduce to silence

nimbleness,
Je.

agility,

quickneBs;

O^i*. kuft fading (radio)


lti-

ad-dam amiability, charm


ar-rh do.; uJI
<i*Je.

rjj\

Hui-

Je.

al-yad

-iU-

kfit

dying away, dying down,


faint, dying,

manual

skill,

dexterity, deftness
lighter;
-

becoming sent; inaudible;


slighfcer;

JU
weaker
|

fading, trailing ofF (sound, voiee); soft,


ajeaff*

lesser,

lfj_r*h J<*-\ a ad-dararain the

aubdued (Ught,

color)

lesser of

two evs

cJcJf- muktafit soft, low,

subdued

J**
'*-

260

kafara u (kafr,

Ijli*-

kifra) to

watch

{*,

J 4b>- j-*- (janhah) to unbend toward


s.o.,

b.o., B.th.

or over

s.o.,
;

over

s.th.),

guard,
(kafar,

ahow

o.s.

open-minded, responsive,

protect
jli-

( s.o.,

m s.th.)

kafira a

aocessible to;

kafwa u to be carefree,
(life);

kafra) to be timid, shy, bashful


I

easy, oomfortable
settle,

to sink, dip, drop,

II

kafara

I kafira

Bubside ; to become low, drop to an


II

undertone (voioe)
j*- kafr ji- kafar

to lower, decrease,
|

watching, watch, guard(ing)

reduce (*

s.th., price)
it

iLl*- <j***~ tyffil

guard detachment, guard;


j**-

'alaikaf take
(ja'Saka)

easy! <iliU- iL!*- <j++-

escort

J^l>-Jl

coast guard (Eg.)


bashful-

cool

off!

calm down!

relax!

IV *jj^ j-^-l (aautah) he lowered hie


jj*- kafar timidity, shyness,

voice

V and
to

VII to sink, dip, drop,

settle,

ness, diffidence

subside ;
ji- kafir bashful, diffident, timid, shy,

be

lowered,

be

reduced
to be

(price);

to decrease,

grow

Iess;

embarrassed, coy
2 jJi- kafir pl. \j*- Jeufar*

diminished

watchman;

j-*- kafd lowering, lessening, decrease,

protector, guardian ; guard, sentry, sentinel


jli-

diminution, reduction; subduing, lowering, muffling (of the voice); curtailment,

limitation,

restriction;

eaae

(of

life);

kifra

watoh(ing),

guard(ing),

(gram.) pronunciation of the final con-

protection; guard duty


jjiit

sonant with
makfir* guard
|

i+Jl

,jAJui;

k: al-qima
^11 ,j+j,j+*-

makfar

pl.

J>\J

devaluation (of a currency)


k.

house, guardroom; guard, control post


il^-tll

aWaiS

carefree, easy life

j*

jJut m. aS-Surfa police Station

,ji*Jl

j- he lives in ease and comfort;


!_?***-

Ci^aII

yU- kafira: J-]>Jl *yU- k.as-aawh

h>

o^-aaut lowering of the

voice;
(gram.)

coastguard cruiser (Eg.)


jjif-

uAii^\

*-Jj-

harf al-k. preposition

makfr under

escort,

escorted;
Lf-i*-

kaf\4 low, soft, subdued (voice)


takfid
(esp.

covered, sheltered, protected

jJl
x

lowering,

cutback,
;

re-

r*-

Jcafasa

(kafa)

to ridicule,
(

soom

duotion

of

prices)

diminution,

b.o.),

laugh,

demolish, tear
i*- kafaS

mock down

at);

to

destroy,

decrease, lessening, curtailment, restriction, limitation

(*

a house)

day blindness, hemeralopia


f.

^-iUit

inkifd

sinking,

dropping,

subsidence; lowering, reduction; lessen-

JfcX akfaP,
kufS

lii- kafaa'*, pl.

day

blind,

hemeralopic;

JJ>+ weak-

ing,

decrease.

diminution,
level,

decrement
low water
|

dropping of the water


,Syr
(^>UJtl
(jatvwi)

Bighted, afflicted with defeotive vision

low-pressure

area

^li*.
(zool.)

kuffS

pl.

J\j kaffiP bat

(meteor.)
^j-

mukajfad lowered, reduced, low,


(price, rate);

kafatfa

(kafd) to

make lower

moderate
(* s.th.);
di-

lower
(altitude,
fre-

to

lower,

decrease,

reduce, lessen,

^r^w
muffled

munkafi4

low

minish
s.th.,

(* s.th.); to lower,
e.g.,

drop

(*,

j-

quency, price,

etc.); soft, low,

subdued,
I

also,

the voice); (gram.) to

(voice)

pronounce the
with
t;

final

consonant of a word
J

Netherlands;

<iiiJ.I

^
pl.

jV

the

munkafa4
(geogr.)

-t

low

to put (* a word) in the genitive

ground; depression

2S1

Jit

jiA kafaqa
kufq) to
beat,

(kafq, ul- kafaqn, 3j*+-

is

obvious that
well...,
i

. .

iiJLl*

Jjc

^ you

to

vibrate;

to tremble,

shake;
to

know very
(of it);

you are well aware

throb,

palpitate

(heart);

kaf

to hide, conceal (* s.th.);

flutter,

wave, stream (nag); to Aap the

winga, flutter (bird); to waver, flicker;


(kafq) to flash (lightning); to beat,
(* B.th.; eggs,

to keep secret (* s.th.) IV to hide, conceal


(* e.th.); to afford (* s.o.)

a place to hide,

whip

shelter, hide
s.th.);

s.o.);

to keep secret (*
B.th.,

cream, etc.); to make the


(ahoe) ;

to disguise, conceal (*
s.o.)
|

sound of footsteps

(i3>*-

kufq)

or j* from

Oj-*il J*^l to lower the

to drop one's head droweily, nod


off

off,
'

doze

voiee, Bpeak in an undertone T to hide,

(U-

Ji-

Je.

kafqatan);

[3y*~
body)

keep

o.s.

out of view; to disguise


o.b.

o.s.

kufq) to set, go
II

down

(celeatial

VIII to hide, keep

out of view; to dis-

to roughcast, plaster, tucco (* a wall)


flutter (bird); to set,

appear, vanish; to be hidden, be un-

IT to Aap the wings, go down


cesaful,
(celeatial

known; to be
absent
|

lacking,

be missing, be
to hide, keep

body); to be unauomiscarry,
;

jllVl

^ J^-t to be hidden or
X
o.b.
b.o.'s (j^)
s.o.),

go wrong,

fail,

come to
be un-

disappear from Bight

nothing,

be abortive

to

fail,

out of view; to be hidden, be concealed;


to be hidden from view, become

Buccesaful (j in s.th.)

jiA kafq throb(bing)


boot, of the foot)
i*-

palpitation; beat-

invisible

(je

to

disappear from

ing, beat; footfall, footstep, tread (of

sight
j*-

kafiy hidden,

concealed;

secret,
|

kafqa pl. kafaqt (n.

vic.)

beat,

unknown; unseen,

invisible; mysterious

throb; tap, rap, knock; ticking noise,


tick
<jUi*-

f^' J^

b- a^-t*w*

anonymous;

j[yl

Li^- (anwr) indirect lighting

kafaqn palpitation of the heart,


flut-

Ij^. kufyatan, kifyatan secretly, clandestinely, covertly;

heart beat; throb(bing), beat(ing);


tering, flutter

<* *^~- without

bis

knowledge
'*Jt*~

,jl- kaffq -pa\ipit&nt, throbbing (heart)


fluttering,

kaflya pl. LU*- kafy a secret, a

waving, Streaming

(flag)

secret affair
Li*-

O <*

mikfaqa whisk, eggbeater


l

kaf* secrecy, hiddenness

Ui:

j
V

secretly, clandestinely, covertly; LiJL*-1 ikfq failure, fizzle, flop, fiasoo

(kaf'a) it is quite evident, it is


. .

fluttering,

jiU- kfiq palpitant, throbbing (heart); (flag); waving, Streaming

quite obvioua that


li*.l

LU:l al-kfiqn East and West; Jij^l


al-kawfiq the cardinal points, the four

ikf'

hiding, secretion; conceal

ment; lowering of the voiee

quarters of the world

J*
plaster,

takaffin disguise
iktif*

JiU-

kqi

mortar,

rough-

loU

disappearance
secret,

cast; stucco
Uli*, see -JiJ-

<_>U- kfin hidden, concealed;

unknown; unseen,

invisible

j~ kaya o

to be hidden, be conoealed; to
(a
|

be unknown

fact;
l

Jp to
Jic

s.o.);
it

to

LiU- kfiya
pl.

pl. iJiU^l

kawn a

secret;

j]>l al'kawfi the

ooverts, the

disappear, hide

is

well
...,

secondaries (of a bird'8 wing)


Jjfc

known

that

...;

as everybody

knows

makfly hidden, concealed

252

^u

muiakaffin disguised, in disguise

s.th.

suffers

or

suffered);

J^U

killa kalali

<JcJ mvJctafin hidden, concealed, clan-

during; between; through | JU-

}\

destine,

covert,

secret ;

disappearing,

and
dA

d~^*of,

f%

fcilli

during;

in

the

Tanishing
Jyfc

course

within, in a given period of;

J^U j

meanwhile, in the meantime;


killi aoroas,

muktafan hiding place, hide-out

J^U-

^ min

through, right
out
of,

jU. look up alphabetically


J*. katia
II

through the middle of;


within; (to judge, rea&on,
e.th.)

from

(kall)

to pierce, transfix (*

sions, eto.)

draw concluby, on the basis of, on the


recognize) from

to turn sour; to

make

sour, to sour,

strength
il*.

of. (to

acidify (* s.th.); to pickle, marinate (*


s.th.); to aalt,

eure with aalt or in brine

holla
kill)

need,

want,

laok;

(pl.

(* s.th.); to

piok (* the teeth); to run the

J^U-

property,
;

attribute,

pecu-

fingere
(a

{*

through

s.th.),

part,

comb

liarity; characteristio

natural disposition

the hair, the beard, also with the

<U-

kua

pl.

JU
pl.

hvlal friendship
il*-l

fingere) III to treat ( s.o.) as

a friend
J"5U-

kill

akiUa boring or
peg, pin;
epit,

IV to offend (v against),
gress

infringe, trans-

driUing

implement;
"5U-,

(w
fail

s.th.);

to

violate,

break
fail

(i~>

skewer; (also
see also

pl.

~t)

toothpick;

s.th., e.g.,
fulflll,

rule,

a custozn); to
(*->

to

to meet
desert,

an agreement);

JU

kalal
pl.

to

forsake,

abandon

(w

s.o.,

JJ*- kalil
friend,

oU

ajfei* ,

^U hln
Hebron
iil
|

s.th.);

to disturb, upset, hrm, prejudice

bosom

friend; lover; JJX'I

(cj s.th.)
e.th.

to be,
in

lie

or

oome between
intervene
(*

(town in Jordanian Palestine)


epithet of

J-U-

(*;

also

time),

Abraham
pl.

between); to be located or situated, be


interposed,

-U- kalila

-t girl friend,

woman

be placed
pervade,

{*

between); to
(*

friend; sweetheart,
JjU-'l
|*l

paramour

permeate,
B.th.),

interpenetrate

umm aI-vJ/ river mussei {xool.)


breach, infraotion,

mix, mingle, blend (*with) VIII to


disJ"5U-1

be or beoome defectire; to be in

ikll pl. -t

order, be faulty, defioient, imperfeot; to

violation (of a law, of a treaty,


like)
;

and the
(of

become
System)

disordered ;
;

to

be

upset,

be

offense

(against),
(of ) ;

transgression,

unbalanced
|

to

be

disturbed
the

(order,

infringement

disturbance

an

Jy^-l

C-lr^-l

conditions

order, of a System); impairment, injury,

are not fulfilled; *Jj^J Ji-I (tawzunuh)


to lose one's balanoe,
*li* Ji-1 ('aqluh) to

hrm

(to);

average,
jJ*.

damage by sea
l-i.)

beoome unbalanoed;

J^*-Vl

*.

('adami

without

be mentally deranged

prejudice to, without detriment to


t}-jc*-\

J*>

hall viaegar

ikiill deficienoy, defectiveneas,

y
bosom

kiU,

kuU

pl.

J^Ul

akll

friend,

imperfection; (a falling into) disrepair,


deterioration; faultiness; disturbance (of

friend
pl.

a System, of a funetion, of theequilibrium,


JU- kalal
J^U- kill gap, interval,
eto.); disorder,

confusion
(pl.

interstice; cleft, craok, rupture, fissure;

a defectire, unbalanoed

state,

imbalance;

Jt mukallal pickled; salted;


pickles, pickled vegetables
Jit

-t)

defectiveneas, imperfection; fault, flaw,


defeot, shortcoming; disturbance, upset,

mukitt

disgraceful,

shameful

disorder ;

damage, injury, hrm

(that

^UV^ J^ immoral,

indecent, improper

253

jU
i*U- kalja pl. kalaji emotion, senti-

i__L-

kalaba

(kalb)

to seize with the

clawB, clutch (* s.th.), pounce (* on);


(<j~>L^-

ment;

scruple,

qualm, misgiving

kilba)

to cajole,
inveigle,

coax,

wheedle
bewitoh,

JU- kalij pl. ^U- kuluj, o\*A*- kvijn

s.o.);

to

beguile,

bay, gulf; canal; ^J-'

name

of Cairo's

enchant

(* s.o.,

* 'aqlah

b.o.'s

mind);
to

ancient city canal which was abandoned

to charm, fascinate, captivate


cajole,

( s.o.) III

and

leveled
|

at

the

end of the

19th

wheedle, coax. inveigle, beguile,


(

Century
r**~

^jLiil _U:I the Persian Gulf

bewitch, enchant

s.o.)

VIII to Beize

with the claws, clutch

{* B.th.),

pounce

(*

kilj

misgiving, doubt, scruple,

on); to cajole, inveigle, beguile, bewitch,

qualm
-")t*U iktja (n. vic.) convulsion, jerk,

enchant
i_~U-

( s.o.)

kilb

pl.

<_j"5U-1

aklb

fingemail,

twitch; tremor

claw, talon
i_-U-

IXU- klija

pl.

Uyi- kawHj* emotion,

3j baTqun kullabun and barqu


downpour;
matter;
disillusioning

sentiment; scruple, qualm; idea


J^i*-

kullabin lightning without a

disappointing,

kalkaia to shake, convulse, rock

(*

i_-U-

and 3j t> ^-U- delusion,

illusion

s,th.); to rarefy (* s.th., e.g., air;

ehem.-

phya.)

II

takolkala
off,

to

be

shaken,

be

Jj~ kullabxv

iLli

{faSak)

blank

rocked; to come

become

disjointed,
loose,

cartridges (Syr.; mil.)


u-j-jU-

become detached; to become


captivating,
loose; to be or

work

fcallb

gripping,

become

rarefied (chem.-

fascinating;

attractive,

engaging,

win-

phya.)

ning;

tempting,

enticing;

fraudulent,

J^JU
kilba

kalkal pl.

deceitful; deceptive, delusive, fallacious


<*"jU-

J^^ kalkiP anklet

engaging

manners,

JLaU
at-

kalkl pl. J^*)U- JealkW anklet

tractiveness,
.lit

charm
i_JIJ

J^Jic takalkul rarefication

miklab p 1.
klib

maklib 1 claw, talon


kallb

J^JJt
rarefied

mukalh and

JiJUi* mutakalkil

^JUtpr

w^

*rU- II takalbasa
(

(eg.)

to clown
,

iL- kalada

(iji>-

kuld) to remain or last

_^*>rU-

kalbs pl. ^-to^U- kalbia 2 i^u'jU


(eg.)

forever, be everlasting; to be immortal,

kolbiaa
~l+- kalaja i

clown, buffoon, harlequin


III to

deathless, undying; to abide forever (Jl

or

<~>

in,

with); to remain, stay (Jl or


|

and

be on

s.o.'s ()
(

mind,
s.o.,

or

j
to

at a place)
jift

~**-\J\

Jl .iL- to rest,

trouble,
s.o.'s

preoccupy, prepoesess

relax;
II

Jl

.iL-

to

lie

down

to sleep

mind; said of worries, doubts,


fill

etc.);
|

make

eternal or everlasting, per-

to pervade,
<Ji
J-U-

( s.o.;

said of a feeling)

petuate, eternaze (* s.th.),

(qalbah) to be

uppermost in

mortal, immortalize
effaceable,

( s.o.);

to

make immake ins.th.


;

s.o.'s

beart

to be shaken, be convulsed,

unforgettable

(*

be rooked VIII to quiver, tremble, quake,

shake
to

to

twitch

eye,
stir,

limb,

body )
fill,

memory); to remain, stay, abide, linger (i_ at, in a place) to grow very old, enjoy
;

animate,

move,
(*,

inapire,

a long

life,

be long-lived IV to eternize,

pervade, possess
of a feeling)
filled

the heart; said

immortalize,
s.th.); to

make immortal

s.o.,

lf
J

^li*-l

(gamman) to be

perpetuate (*

s.th.); to

remain,

with boitow, with grief (heart)

stay, abide, linger ( Jl or

^ at, in a place)

jUto be disposed, incline, lean, tend (Jl to)

254

(^^U- kal?) to be or become


freed, be liberated

free,

be

to

become
o.a.;

eternal

or

immortal,
long,

(^

from), be cleared,

perpetuate

to be or

beoome

get rid (,> of); to be saved, be rescued,

lasting, perpetual
-lU-

escape {,> from); to be redeemed, be


delivered,
(coUoq.)

kuld infinite duration, endless time,


|

attain

salvation

{Chr.)

perpetuity, eternity

olJ-'l

jIj Paradise,

to

be

finished,

be
all

done,

be

through, be over; to be
the hereafter
clear,

gone

II to (*

purify,

refine,

purge,

rectify

A*- kuld mole


-lU-

(zool.)

s.th.);

to

clarify

(*

Situation);
(*

to

kalad, pl. si*-\ akld mind, heart,

liberate,

free,
(

save,
s.o.,

rescue

s.o.,

,>

spirit,

temper
infinite

from), rid

<> of);

to redeem,

^U- kuld
immortality

duration, endlesa
life,

time, perpetuity, eternity; eternal


;

on); to

dever (Chr.); to prepay the postage (Ja pay duty (VUiJl J* on merchandise), clear
(coliog.)
(

abiding, remaining, staying

J* goods); to
|

settle (* a bill);
*i*- iJA^- (haq'

to finish (* s.th.)

oJJc tajclid perpetuation, eternization,

qah) to restore one's right, secure one's

immortalization
oJl*.

due

III

to
(

act

with

integrity,

with

klid everlasting, perpetual, eter-

sincerity

toward

s.o.),treat ( s.o.) fair

nal; immortal, deathless, undying; un-

and Square; to get even, become quits


(/with
s.th.);
s.o.)

forgettable, glorious;

pl.

J\y-

kawlid*

IV to dedicate (a
laryal

Jto

s.o.

mountains
Islands
jjjt

ol-U-M

J)\ the Ganary

to

be

(J

to s.o.);
|

to be

devoted, be faithful (J to)

muklid diapoeed, inclined, tend-

(hvbba) to love s.o. dearly;


(li-llhi

^i-M <JA\ oj Zi iJA^-\


God
fatth-

ing

dinah) to worship
sincerely

Jl to)

fully

and

to rid o.s. (j* of),

^J*- kalam
pilfer,

(kaU) to steal (* s.th.); to


swipe,

free o.s.

(^

from), get rid (j. of); to be

filoh,

purloin

(* a.th.)

freed,

be delivered, be Baved, be rescued,

III Jl\ 4-JU- (nazara)

to glance furtively
filch,

escape (j* from) VI to act with reciprocal


integrity

at s.o. Till to steal, pilfer,


(*s.th.); to get

swipe

and

sinoerity; to

be

quita,

be

under

false pretenses or

even
copy,

to extract (* s.th., j* from); to


(*
s.th.,

by crooked means
misappropriate (*
ly (* hours)
|

(* s.th.);

to embezzle,

ezcerpt

j*

from) ;

to

s.th.); to

spend seoret-

abstract, take, gather,

work out

(* s.th.,

Jl

JJM
s.o.

sneak up on

s.o.; (j)

Jl JiJI j-li-!

ir l=rf-l (huf) to to

as the quintessence, j- of); to deduce,


infer, derive (* s.th.,

j* from); to

dis-

glance furtively at

cover,
stealthily,
select,

make

out, find out (* s.th.); to (*


s.th.);
(*)

i_U- kuhaXan

by

stealth,

choose

to
it

demand
(,> from

Burreptitiously, furtively

payment of a sum
s.o.)
|

and get

j* JjU (j^li^-1 to derive profit from,


from;
\itj

^-^U- kilsi mulatto, bastard


,jM^ji-\

profit, benefit

*U

m\J*z**\

(wa*

iktils

pl.

-t

embezzlement,

dan) to exact a promise from

s.o.

misappropriation, defalcation

^^UiJ

kalp

liberation,

deverance,
(,>

JiJf-

muktalis embezzler, defalcator

riddance; rescue,

salvation

from);

,jA*- kcUa$a

u {^J*oome

kulj) to be pure, un-

redemption (Chr.); payment, settlement,


liquidation (of a bill); receipt; placenta,
afterbirth

mixed, unadulterated; to belong (J to


s.o.); to get, (Jl to), arrive (Jl at);

J.U
l^^U- kulga
essence ;
pl. -t excerpt; extract,

gram);
ijj^^l

il^Xll

^ ^U-

(tjumrug) dutyfree;

quintessence,
abstract,
\

substance,

gist

^L*- tax-exempt
Savior, Re-

(of s.th.);

resum6, aummary,
*-"$*- (nih'tya)
4-^J-'l
(al-

.j^i* mukais liberator;

epitome; Synopsis

VW

deemer
(aJs.)

(Chr.)
_r

summation
lhtiya)

(jur.)

*Jyt*>UI

the

"summa

theologica"
i-"5**-

(of

al-

mukaUap

('alaihi)

postage

Thomas Aquinas); *ijt


perfume essence; <^*JX\j
in a

('i^riya)

paid
(j-tlii

in short, briefly,

muklis devoted; sincere, frank,


;

word (introducing a eummary of the

candid
s.th.);

loyal ;

faithful

J to

s.o.,

to

basic ideas)
roJUkalip
pl.

purehearted, virtuous, righteous;


letters)
. .

LaU

kulaja

pure,

^aLI (in

approx. yours truly


:

.,

clear,

unmixed, unadulterated;
adherent

sincere,

sincerely yours

faithful, loyal; loyal

jflly
cerpt

mustakla$

pl.

-t

extract, ex-

^ji*- kvl$ clearness, purity ; sincerity


candor, frankness
IlU-

kalafa

(half)
{<-j

to mix, mingle,
a s.th. with)
;

comju
for)

^^U^^-

kall? (magr.) tax collector

mingle, blend

to confuse,

maklap

safe

place ;

refuge,

confound, mix up (ju two things; j ju s.th. s.th. with), mistake (j

escape, rescue, salvation, deliverance


(j^JJ^
taklia

II

to mix, mingle, commingle, blend (*

B.th.);

to cause confusion III to mix,


blend,

Clearing,

purification,

mingle,
refining,
rectification ;
clarification ; libs.th.)
;

merge,
(*

fuse

(>

with
(*

to meddle

in),
(

interfere

eration, extrication, deliverance, rescue,

with); to mix, associate

with
|

s.o.);

salvation ;

payment, settlement,

liqui-

to have to

do

with

s.o.)

* iiJUs.o.

dation; prepayment of postage (J* on); customs clearance, payment of duty

(nafsah)
etc.); *!**

to

befall,

attack

(pain,

(mL^JI J* on merchandise; also

i_

t^

]aij>- klifa f\ 'aqlthi

to be or

become disordered in mind VIII to be


mixed, mix, mingle, form a mixture or
blend;
to
consist

^Lijl)
<*oJ LJt

muklo&o,
tZ

pl. -dt

receipt

of a

heterogeneous
;

j^tiU-l

sincere

devotion,

loyal

mixture,

be

motley,

promiscuous
(i~>

to

attachment, sincere affection; Bincerity,


frankness, candor; loyalty, faithfulness,
fidelity, allegiance (J to)

associate, be

on intimate terms
all

with);

to be or

become confused, get

mixed up

U>-

half mixing, blending ; combination

mingling,
|

commingling

((_>

with);

con-

rijc takallup freedom, liberation, re-

fusing, confounding, mistaking, mix-up,

lease, extrication, escape <j-

from)
confusion

r'^i^l M;Zpextraction;excerption; dorivation, deduction ; selection colt_

Jal>-

kf

pl- l***-\ aklf


;

component of
pl.

a
lecting (of a

mixture
|

sum

ingredient ;

mixture,

of money)
*1*~

blend
the
bile,

uLJ^l i-^i the four humors of


(blood, phlegm, yellow
bile);

^U%

kli pl.

kuaf clear; pure,


sincere, frank,
|

human body
and black

unmixed, unadulterated;

j-Ul

>

JoU-l
riff-

candid, true; free, exempt (,> from)


ij>- $\
fc.

common
raff,

people, populace, rabble,

,j*}\*- k.

al-ujra post-free ; jjl


for

^L^
(fcele-

mob; .LL

iU

hilf

milf, halt

malf

or-ra prepaid, reply paid

motley, pell-mell, promiscuously

UUUifalfa

256

mixture, blend, medJey

to); to confer,
s.o.),

bestow (J* *

a.th.

upon
|

grant,
-Jl^

UU- kulfa

Company; mixture
4>Lj

award (J*

* s.th. to b.o.)

(tiybah)

to undreas; js.o.
;

**!*-

ir^U

kallf

and 1U}U

kalifa pl.

-f

J-jift i'ari)

to dethrone

i*l*-

J*

^Jbi

mixer, mixing machine


Ja-Ufcaiif

(k'atan) to bestow a robe of honor


s.o.; J*- <-J

upon

Je A*- (haqqa) to arrogate to


...;

mixed,

blended;

motley,
o.s.

the right of

kalu'a

u (U^-

heterogeneous,

promiscuous;

mixture,
(pl.

jcal'a)
II

to be dissolute, morally depraved

blend (ja of); medley, hodgepodge;


lkU>
kidal' 3 )

to take away, remove, displace, dis-

aesociate,

companion,

locate {* s.th.); to knock out of Joint,

comrade

take
insanity; delirium

or

break

apart

(*

a.th.);

pass.

Vi*
iLJlje.

tottif pl. -i

JcuUi'a to fall to pieces, get


III to divorce

out of Joint

(U one's

wife, in return for

muklafa Company, intercourse,

a compensation to be paid by her)

to

association

go to pieces,
(process
of)

fall

apart, break; to

beoome

V^-l
fusion;

i&f

mixing,

or be luxated, dislocated (Joint); to take

blending; mingling, commingling; eon-

a vaoation in the country

(tun.)

Ajfi-

mental disorder;

(social)
(<_j

inter-

I^JJI

[Sarah) to be addicted to drinking,

course, association, deangs


Jr^ft

with)

drink heavily VII to be displaced, be


dislocated, be

removed; to be diveBted,
s.th.),

maklt

pl.

VJl*

mafcJtJ 1 mixture,

be deprived, be stripped (j^ of


forfeit, lose {,> s.th.)
|

blend; alloy
JJLi^

Ui

^Lcl {qatinth)

mukaUat confused, disordered


(<-<

he was completely taken aback, he was


alarmed, tartled
e.g.,

JJLJt mvJclaf stricken, affiicted

by a

disease)

U
!*

jfal'

slipping

off,

taking off (of


of a mler);
I

clotheB);

deposition

(e.g.,
|

VU*
mixed
ucation

muktalit

mixed

SLLu&l

*Ut the
*i*j coed-

dislooation,

luxation

jb^V

*\*-

ex-

oourts, see

i&t; VLrf

traction of teeth

kvT khula, divorce at the instance

^U

feda'a a (aT) to take off, put


off (* a garment)
;

off,

slip

of the wife,
tion
(IbI.

who must pay

a compensa-

to doff, take off {*i>jtj


(*

Law)
Aji-

one's tarbooah); to extract, pull

a
{*

Ui>- kil'a pl.

ka robe of honor
kula'' 2

tooth); to wrench, dislocate, luxate

a Joint); to depose, remove, dismiss,


charge
(*

dis-

-U

JpalV

pl.

l*U-

deposed,

s.o.,

j* from an
to throw

office);
a.th.),

to

dismissed, discharged (from an office);

renounce, forgo, give up (*

with-

repudiated, disowned; wanton, dissolute,


dissipated, profligate, morally

draw

depraved
wanton,

(* from)

off,

cast off (jli*

'%4rah
tions);

one'

restraint,
(i*UJI

one's

inhibi-

f^U

kaa

wild,

unruly,

to refuse repudiate

obedience);
one's
son)
;

to to

shameless, impudent
ic-tiU-

diflown,

(ol

Jfol'a dissoluteness, dissipation,

divorce

(U one's vife) in return for a


profligacy,

wantonness,

licentiousnesa,

compensation to be paid by her; to get


through, have done (* with through,
e.g.,

a.th.),

be
(*,

moral depravity;
country,

{tun.) recreation in

the

summer

vacation

have gone through

s.th.

a hard day); to impart (Je * s.th.

J^

kaula

fool, dolt,

simpleton

^lU.

kli':

jlUI ^JU-

k.

al-'idr

un-

oome or go frequently
patronize
(Jl

(Jl to),

frequent,

restrained,
tine,

uninhibited,

wanton;

liber-

a place), visit frequently

debauchee, roue, rake

(Jl s.o., s.th.),

come and go

(Jl at); to

fjljt makl" unrestrained, uninhibited,

wanton; wild, unruly;


irresponsible ; crazy,
<jA>- kalafa

reckless, heedless,

come, descend (J* upon s.o.; said of afflictions ), befall, overtake { J* s.o.

mad
(

X to
of
s.o.),

appoint as successor or vicar


half

(* s.o.)

<Jil>-

to be the successor

back,

rear,

rear

part

or

succeed

( s.o.);

to follow

( s.o.),

come
s.o.

portion; successors; kalfu and JA- j*

after s.o.
(),

(); to take the place of


(

min kalfu
(

(adv.)

at the back, in the

Substitute

rear; kalfa (prep.) behind, after, in the


for s.o.); to replace

b.o.,

* s.th.); to lag behind s.o. (je-); to


s.o.'s

rear of
<Jii>-

LfiUhalft

^^

he ran after her; j*

stay behind (je after

departure);
i_ji^
I

min

behind, in the rear of ; j*


;

to be detained, be held back, be kept

from behind, from the rear

<jAi^

Jl

away, atay away (je from)


as successor
{

II to

appoint

to the rear, backward, back; ^tJl


in the

<Jil- Jl

s.o.);

to leave behind, to
III

wake of

s.th.;

iJalA-'i

in the rear;

leave (*,
ants,

s.o., s.th.);

have descendto

at the back, in the background


Jj^-

have offspring
contrary,

be contra(*
to) ;

halft rear, bind, hinder,

back

dictory,

opposed

to

JA~

hilf pl. JlU-l aklf teat, nipple,

conflict, clash,

be at variance
(

(a with);

mammilla
iJiU- kulf dissimilarity, disparity, dif-

to

contradiot

s.o.,

* s.th.);
(*

to

be be
ference,

different,

differ,

diverge

from),

inconsistent, incompatible, not in keeping,

contrast, variance, discrepancy

not to harmonize {* with); to offend a command, a


rule),

u-aU- kalaf pl. Ji*>Ul aklf Bubstitute;

(* against

break,
rule)

successor ;

deacendant,

offspring,

soion

violate, disobey (*

a command, a

IV to leave
compensate,
s.o.; (-Uj

U(J*

kilfa dissimilarity, disparity, dif-

offspring,

children); to

ferenoe;
requite,

that which foows s.th.


it (e.g.,

and

recompense

replaces

second growth of plante,

said of God); to break, fail to keep

wadah

one's promise), go back


(1*^1

day and
LLl>-

night, etc.)
kalifa pl.

on one's word; to disappoint


raj'a the hopes)

ar-

UU- kulaf' 3

Ju*^-

to stay behind; to

kal'ip vicar, deputy; successor; caliph;

lag or fall behind (je-); to stay, stay on,

(formerly) senior official of the native

remain; to

fail

to appear or

show up;
to),

administration in Tunis, assigned to a


Oj;

to play truant; to be absent; to stay

(formerly)

title

of the

ruler

of

away
to
fail

(je

from),
s.th.)
|

not go

(je

not

Spaniah Morocco
4-J-U-'
I

attend (je
to

#^1

je,

ijjjt (majV)
ijiijc

kll

al-minfaqa

al-kalifiya

come

or arrive; i^JI je

the Caliphate Zone (formerly, designation

('auda)
differ,

not to return VI to disagree,

of Spanish Morocco)

be at variance; to differ in opinion,

be of a different
different,

mind

VIII to differ, be

^U-

kilfa

vicarship,
office

deputyship
or rule of

vary (je from); to be varied,

succession;

caliphate,

varying, variable, various, diverse, dissimilar; to vary

a caliph; (formerly) administrative de-

(^

between); to dis-

partment of a LLU- (Tun.), see above


Jj^lji

agree, differ in opinion, be at variance,

miklf

pl.

<JaJ\

maklif*

argue,

quarrel,

dispute

(j

about);

to

province (Yemen)

; ;

cjUJi-^U- fctJ/ pl. -i difference, disparity,

contradictory,

contrasting,

conflicting;

disaimilarity; divergence, deviation; contrast


,

tranagressor (of a
i_**ly-

command)
left

contrariety ,

incongruity ,

contra-

mutakaif residual;

over;

diction, conflict; disagreement, difference

retarded ,

backward,

underdeveloped
pl.

of opinion

(J* or

about);

dispute,

(mentally, in growth, etc.);


left

-n one

controveray; kilfa (prep.) beside, apart

behind; straggler;
legacy,
|

pl.

oUli* heritscraps,

from, aside from

4J->U-

kilfyh

(=

jJ.)

age,
other, the like, ^"^U- othera (than thoae

estate ;

leftovers ;
(atriba)

refuse, offal

<Al*w *ij\

waete

mentioned),

<i:>U-j
;

and the

like (after

an

material, overburden, superstratum (in

enumeration)

<J>-$J

bi-kil

beside,

mining); U*dl Lil (miyh) waste water,

apart 'from, aside from; oontrary to, as

opposed

to,

unlike;

U">U-

kilfan

U
jJiji

contrary to, against, in contradiction to;


Jf^j- J* unlike that, contrary to that, on the contrary, on the other
fjlj

muktalif

different,

varying,
varioue,

divergent

(^

from);

varied,

diverse; having a different opinion, dis-

hand

agreeing (j or J* about)
(*-i*)
-i

^- Jcilfi controveraial, disputed

JJiJft

mukUaf

jxhx

alaihi)

controversial, disputed
iilijt-

muklafa

pl.

-t

contrast, con-

trariety ;

contradiction,

inconsistency
violation

jU- kalaqa

(kalq) to create,

make, originate
s.th.);

contra vention,

infringement,
;

(* s.th.); to Bhape,

form, mold (*
old,

misdemeanor

(jur.

as distinguished from

> and
.Jjjfi"

*jbjr); fine (for

a misdemeanor)
away,
non-

kaliqa a and huqa u to be shabby (garment); kaluqa


kalqa) to be
fit,

worn,
(U-

takalluf

staying

suitable, suited II to
(* s.th.),

appearance, nonattendance, nonpresence,


abaence, truancy (also jj~*A-' J* <J*&); staying behind, staying on ; stopover
(railroad);

perfume
let

(* s.th.)

IV to wear out

{*

s.th.)

become old and shabby


(<~>

V pass.
a

of II; to be molded, be shaped


or pattern), change to
(<~>

backwardness
iktilf
pl. -t

by a model
model)
;

with
to to

become angry
devise
(*

VI II
s.th.)
;

difference, dis-

invent,

contrive,

aimilarity, disparity; diversity, variety;

fabricate,

concoct,

think

up

(* s.th.);

variant, Variation; difference of opinion,

to attribute falsely {* J* to

s.o. s.th.)

disagreement
JjAil

controveray

<*J\

i_^l-UI <J*^>-I

(raiya, dvnxya) the


(==

jU- kalq creation; making; origination;


s.th.

subjects

of

every

irrespective

of

which

is

created, a creation; crea-

their) religious
j-1j>-I

denomination; ^^te*-\ J whichever party they may belong

tures; people,

man, mankind; physical

Constitution

to;

Ifi*^-!

fruits, fruits

J* ^\jii\ all the different of every kind


pl. -t

jU- kvlq, kuluq

pl. j^U-l

aklq innate

peculiarity; natural disposition, character,

jt maklfa
Jjjc
over;

camel saddle
left

temper, nature;
y

pl. j"^-t
;

aklq
|

character (of a person) ; morals morality

mukaaj

left,

behind;

Ieft

jJL^I

*y* s

al-k.

ill

nature;
I

jUM ^<

pl.

oUiit heritage, legacy, estate;

ecraps, leftovers
Jj Lift

sayyi' al-k. ill-natured; j\X J^- saht al-k. complaisant, obliging; jLUI dayyiq

j^

muklif

divergent,

varying,

al-k.

impatient,
al-a. ethics;

restless ;

j">U- V

i*

different ;

inconsistent,

incompatible,

'Um

moral science, morals;

259

J^^l

yr aumw

ol-a.

nobility

of

created beings; pl.


tures, created beings

Jj"3U-

kal'iq*

crea-

character; J'^U-Vl {j*> noble manners,

high moral Standards;


aha. vice aquad
Jl- kulqi ethic(al),

J'^U-'Vl

i^i Surfat

j^l
moral
offense

aklqi moral; ethic(al); ethicist,

philosopher
against
(falaafa)

j-^-l

*^-

(jurm)

moral

i->- /!/-

public

morals;

Ll

offenses against public morals


JiU- kalaq (m.
3~J-\

J^"^'
Jndqn,

moral Bcience, moral

and

f.)

pl.

UU-

philoaophy; ethics

aklq

shabby,

threadbare,

wom

^U-I akldqiya morality, moral practioe

(garment)

JliU- kulqni dealer in old clothes

Usition,

Jcilqa pl. jJU- Jcilaq

creation; innate
jJ U-

kliq

creative ;

Creator,

peculiarity of character, natural diapo-

Maker

natura; Constitution; physiogno-

(God)

my;

kilqatan

by natura
congenital,

3j&

maklq created;

(pl.

-t,

jJIJt

makliq1 ) creature, created being


Jl. kilqy natural, native,

innate, inborn, inbred

jLit muktaliq inventor, fabricator (of


untruths)

l- kalaqa rag, tatter


jLJfc
J-jU- kalq

share (of positive qualities,


*J

muktalaq

fabricated,

trumped
pl.

of religion)
ful,

J^U- V

up, invented, fictitioua; apooryphal;


(fea/ga) disgrace-

-t lies, falsehoods, fabricationa, fictiona

ignominious, deapicable; a worthless


,>!!* kalqin
"
fit,

fellow, a good-for-nothing

pl. j'^U-

kalqin7 caldron, boiler,

j-Ufied,

fcaZij pl. LiU-

kulaq* 2

quali-

kettle

suitable,

appropriate

(<^,

for

^JU- kalanj heath, erica

(bot.)

s.th., jl

to do s.th.); apt (l to do s.th.);


(>-*),

in keeping with

adquate

(>-*

to),

a Uj-U-

hulungn

(eg.)

(rhizome of) galingale


bot.)

worthy

(_*

of)

^LU- j^

it is

(would
...,
.

(Polypodium Calaguala Kz.;


(j\*-) ">U-

be) only fair that

we

...,

we should
is

we ought
it
is

to

. . . ;

jl

jJ-^* he

apt to .

kal u (kulw, *~+ kal') to be

.,

only natural for him that he

empty, vacant;
. . .

(kulw) to be free

Uj* OjS l \Xf J-U- (mu'liman) this

is

(j+ or
lack,

je-

from) ; to be devoid {j- of s.th.),


(j* s.th.), be in need (j- of);

apt to be painful,
this is painful;

it is

only natural that

want

Li*UJ l

*A+ *ji

Ji

to be vacant (office)

(#>!*-

kalwa) to be

{twpii'an)
is

no more than a quick glance


. .

alone

(<-*,

Jl,

with

s.o., Jl also:
o.a.,

with

apt to convince us that


jjl*-

or in s.th.); to isolate to withdraw, retire

seclude o.a.;

(iljl-ull

li-l-mudwala

kalq of firm character, stead-

for deliberation; court, Jury); to with-

faat,

upright
1

draw more
adequate,

for spiritual

communion,

in Order
o.s.,

jl-

ablag*

more

to take counsel (Jl with); to devote

appropriate,
<5t>U-

more natural

apply
s.th.);

o.a.,
*j

give one's attention


to forsake, desert
s.o.,

(J

to

leave

kallq Creator,

Maker (God)
a.o. in

the luroh;
();

to

pass

( s.o.),

go
&-

JU- kaliqa the creation, the universe


created by God; nature; natural dispoaition,
trait,

by

s.o.

to pasa, elapae, go by, be


ji-\
|

bygone, past, over (time)

*J

characteristic ;

creaturea,

(jaww) to have free Bcope, have freedom

*
of aotion; JU-.

260

&
it

jfc

II

(jaml)

it

is

country

."^1 ** or *^X-\

under

not without a certain beauty; j*

j)j

the open sky, outdoors, in the open air;


O-'I c~u

UIU
J2\i
..
fi;

(mublaa)

it is slightly is

exaggerated

bau

al-Jp. toilet,

water closet
privacy,
soli-

j* ^
J[

not

quite UBeless;
*j[+
o.a.;

kalwa

pl.

fealawt

^U-

to be alone with
o.s.,

to

tude

Beclusion,

Isolation,

retirement

commune with
o.s.,

take counsel with

place of retirement or seclusion, retreat,


recess;
ligious

search one's heart;

d\y^ jl*

i-.

secluded room; hermitage;

re-

tlJU-

mundu

'aSri

sanawtin

fcalat for the

assembly hall of tbe


|

Druses;
in retireJp.

past ten yeare II to vaoate, evacuate


(a s.th.); to leave, leave

booth, cabin

alone

s.o.);

l^~ J* alone;
*\J-\

ment,

in

seclusion ;

^1-

al-

to release, let go
abetain, re&ain
s.th.)
|

( s.o.,

* s.th.); to desist,

hammm
tfjU-

bathhouse
lonely, solitaxy, secluded,

fa

from), give

up (j^

(aabilah) to let s.o. off, Jlet s.o. go, release s.o.; Joj u^i ,jo J*>
,JI

tL-

kalaw

isolated, outlying;

looated in the open


|

to give s.o. a free

hand

in,

let s.o.
let s.o.

country, rural, rustic, country


(bau) country house
1 J l&diy P-* W^
-'

j^)*-

Cw

have bis own way with or


alone with; to open the
ijjjll

in,

way

for s.o. to;

alfliy' % free (j* from),


|

*\*

dt*

J-

Jpalli

'anka h. l-muyia

void, devoid (j* of)

JUI J- carefree,

desist

from such

desires!

IT to empty,

eaaygoing, happy-go-lucky
JU- kallya pl. l/^U(frtoZ.)
|

void, drain, deplete (j* * s.th. of); to

kaly beehive

cell

vacate, leave uninhabited or untenanted


(*

a place); to evacuate (a a

city)
|

JjVl iijJ-l
irj*-

^1
. .

{al-hayawiya

J>l
l-l)

protoplasm ;
. .

j from within ....

4JL- (aabilah) to let

s.o. off, let s.o.

go,

release s.o.; J J-jJI J*-l to


for...;
**J*

open the way

from inside
VJfc

.,

out of

J-l

(tarafah) to dismiss,
s.o.

miklh nosebag
taJpliya vaoating,

discharge
ate,

s.o.,

send

away; to exoners.o.;

Luc
^U-l

evacuation

exoulpate,

clear
all

<*r*

Jtl

(xm'aA) to be
intently to...;
let
b.o.

ears
L.

for...,

listen

\%U emptying, voiding, draining;


|

Jji

joj <m

J*-l
let

to
s.o.

Clearing; vaoating, evacuation


%.

4JL -^-1

say whatever he Ukes,

sabilihi bis release

talk freely

V to
(j*

give up, relinquish, forgo,

Jit tajfollin relinquishment,

abandon-

abandon

or j

s.th.),

withdraw,

ment, surrender, renunciation, resignation


(jf-

resign (j^ or j from); to cede, leave,

of

s.th.)

surrender (J j* s.th. to

s.o.);

to lay
*'i*-\ iktil*

privaoy, solitude

down

(j* an office) VIII to retire, with(i~>

draw, step aside, be alone

or

with)

ijU- felin
(office,

empty, void; open, vaoant


free,

position) ;

unrestiained,

jU- kilw

free (j* from),

devoid (j* of)

j{+ kuiw emptiness, vacuity; freedom

untrammeled, unencumbered; free (j* in numerous from), devoid (j* of)


|

(&

from)

Compounds corresponding to Engl,


or un-, e.g.,
*-U*U!l

-leas

j* JU- useless, j* JU-

J*- Jfal

and

">U-

(with

foll.

aco.

or
jtSC-JI {auJfcfcn)

uninhabited, untenanted,

genit.) except, save, with the exception

unocoupied;

^/JJl

JU-

d-dain
to,

not
free

of
$>- fcal'

bound by, without Obligation


emptiness, vacuity;

empty
;

(<> from)

JUI JU- oarefree, easygoing,

Space,

void,

vacanoy,

vacuum

open

happy-go-lucky;

(pl.

Jl^- oiStfn)

261

past,

bygone (time)
JI^J-'I

3Jll jjJi\ the past

fermentation (* in); to harbor, entertain


(* a.th.}; to

centuriea;

fl/ill

fi

l-ayymi h

bear a grudge, feel reaent-

kawli in the daya past

ment
;

<J against s.o.)

V
;

to ferment, be
rise

> kamma u (kmm)


i

to aweep (* a room)

in

a atate of fermentation to

(dough)

u {kmm,

Aji-

kumm)

to veil the head

to

exude a
decay
coop,

and

faoe

(woman) VI to

rotten, foul

sme; to
pl.

rot, putrify,

conspire, plot, collude, scheme, intrigue

(J* against) VIII to ferment, be in a /-

kumm
kamma

*U

akmm

state of fermentation; to rise (dough);

chicken coop, brooder; poultry pen

to

become

ripe, ripen (also fig.:

an idea

~
>U-

putrid amell, stench


stinking,

in s.o. 's

mind)
f.,

kmm
mukimm

rotten,

putrid,

ji-

kamr m. and
pl. alcoholic

pl.

jji-

kumr

foul-amelling;

kam look up

alphabetically
putrid,

wine;
jj-

beveragea, liquor

A
>
ij~

stinking, rotten,

kamra wine
kamri
golden

foul-smelling
iSj*~

brown,

reddish wine-

kamija a (kamaj\ to

spoil, rot,

decay
out, die

brown, bronze-colored
colored)

(actually,

kamada u
(fire);

(jji-

kumd) to go
aubside,
let

<iji-

kamriya

pl.

-t

wine

poem,

to

abate,

up,

calm

bacchanalian verse
j\j*

down,
put

cease, die
(*

down IV
to
lull, still,

to extinguish,

out

fire);

calm,

appease,

kimr

pl. Sji-I

akmxra, jf-

kumur

placate, aoothe,

quiet {* s.th.);

veil

covering head and face of a

woman

to suppreas, quell (* a.th.); to subdue,


soften, deaden, dull (* a.th.); to atifle,

j\i-

kumr

aftereffect of intoxication,

hang-over
jj*

amother,
jji-

kill (* a.th.; fig.)

kamlr

leavened

(dough);

ripe,

kumd

extinction ;
;

decline,

destill-

mature, mellow; leaven; leavened bread

generation, deterioration
neaa,

quietneas,
;

tranquillity,

calm

immobility,

yJ- kamlra

pl.

J\j* kam'ir* leaven;

motionlesaness
jU-I

ferment; barm, yeast; enzyme (ehem.);


(fig.)

atarter, nucleus, basis (from

which

ikmd extinction, putting out;


aoothing,
placation,

s.th.

greater develops)

calming,

appease
j\j*

ment,
ing,

lulling, atilling;

subduing, soften
auppreaaion,

kammr wine merchant, keeper

dulling;

settlement;

of a wineshop
jli-

quelling (of a riot) -UU- kmid dying; abating, subaiding;

kammra wineshop, tavern


kimmir
winebibber,

jj*

drunkard,

calm, tranquil,

still,

quiet
II

tippler, eot

y- kamara u
conceal
(*

(kamr) and
s.th.)
;

to cover, hide,
raise
(*

_r~j

takmir

leavening,

raising

(of

to

leaven,
(* III

dough); fermenting, fermentation


jl^-l iktimr (process of) fermentation
j_j*jt

dough);

to

ferment
(*
in)

s.th.),

cause

fermentation

to

penneate,

pervade

(*

s.th.),

mix, blend (* with);

makmr

drunk,

intoxicated,

to posseas, seize,

overcome

inebriated
{
s.o.,

e.g.,

an idea, a
dough);

feeling)

IV to leaven,
(*

raise (*

j*ijt

muktamir fermenting, fermented;

to

ferment

s.th.),

cause

alcoholic

t^***"

^j-i-

II to quintuple,
five (*

make
to

fivefold,

multiply

^jLi-

kamaSa

u (kamS) and

II to

Scratch (*

by
(*

B.th.);

make pentagonal

e.g.,

the face, the skin, with the nails)

s.th.);

to divido into five parts {*


^ii-

kamS

pl.

^j*- kumS Scratch,

s!th.)

Scratch mark, scar


^jj<J.l-1

kuma

pl.

^li-l ajcms one fifth

<^1>-I

i-^i daraba akmdsah


^l-u-V
L-li-l

^jaJ

<i.\j-

kumSa

pl. -t Scratch, scar

asdsihi

and

Vj*

('*"

kamaa u and kamipa a to be empty,

asdsin) to rack one's brain in eearch


of a

hungry (stomaoh)
,jM-r-

way

out; to be at one's wit's end; to

scheine, Intrigue

kami$,

jkl

xJ

+j-

al-bafn ,

LU-I

^j-

k.

al-haS with

an empty

i-> Jcamsa
jtt.

(f. ^,-i-

Awma)

five
(f.

stomach, hungry
_,!* ^,-i(JjJl

<-i-

kamsata 'aSara

kamsa

(j-ai^l

ajcmap al-qadam

pl.

,jA.U-'
|

'a&rata) fifteen

akmip hollow
j^-> kamsn
<z/-fc.

of the sole (of the foot)

fifty

,>*!

-Lp

'wJ
-i-l

^Xl
#

yu-\
l

Jl

^\j\ j- from head to toe

Whitsuntide, Pentecoat; ,>*J^I


;

akl a/-fc. Whitsunday

j^-Li-'

'

W ayym
J^Jt-

kama'a a (kam', fji- kum') to limp,

al-kamsin the period of about 50 days

walk with a limp


Ji-

between Easter and Whitsuntide;

and j^M- khamain, a hot southerly wind


in

kamala u
obscure,

(JjJ-

^umZ) to be unknown,

Egypt
J__i- o-p 'id karrwini

undistinguished ; to be weak,

languid

50th

anniverJi-

sary

kamt and <-

kamla nap, the

rough, hairy Burface of a fabric ; fibers

Thuraday
jl^^l
k.

rxt- kamis and _ -x*tl *y_ yaum al-k. juJ-J u^i- k. al-jasad Corpus k. al-fifh, Christi Day (Chr.); ^\ tJ
l

J> kam
listless

languid,

sluggish,

dull,

,j-i*-

k.

cU-asrr,

and

i^Jl
(_

ri-

Jji- fcumJ obscurity;

weakness, laa-

al-ahd
^li-

Maundy Thuraday
pl.

(Chr.)

situde, languor, lethargy; indolence, slug-

kamma

i l*- kamma

gihness, inactivity; apathy, indifference;


sleepiness, drowBiness

(magr.) sharecropper receiving one fifth

of the crop

J- kamila
fivefold,

pl.

J3U-

kam'* place
thicket,

^l>-

kumsi

quintuple
(gram.)
|

with

luxuriant

tree

growth;

consisting of five consonants


\j\j
^*li-

brush, scrub

(zawy)

pentagonal,

five-

J.U-

km unknown,

obscure,

un-

cornered
i_x*>

distinguished, unimportant, minor ; weak,

tcumaim

(mor.,

pronounced

languid, sluggih

kmiaa)

omament in the shape of a hand (worn by women and children as a

JJt mukmal

velvet-like fabric, velvet

talisman against the evil eye)

Jjt mukmali velvety


deerekin, buckskin

JJft oU-

(?'W)

^U-'l al-kmis the


(

fifth

r*jt

mukammas

pentagonal,

five-

A*-

II

to

guess,

oonjecture,

surmise;

to

cornered; pentagon; fivefold, quintuple;

make

conjectures (* as to); to assess,

O pentameter

appraise, estimate (* s.th.)

263

J-.-J&

takmin

appratsal,

assessment,

,^-Utl al-kanns epithet of the Devil (proper-

estimation; L~*J takminan and JiJt J*

ly speaking, he

who withdraws when


mentioned)
f.

the

approximately, roughly
yJ&l

name

of

God

is

mukammin
%

appraiser, assessor

1 UJ*~\ aknas

LJU- kansa s , pl.

ri>-

j>-

kanna
nose
dj-

kuns pugnosed
(j^^- kanln) to

speak nasally,
jLli- kin&r fern (6o(.)

nasalize; to twang, speak through the

kunna nasal twang


kanln twanging, nasal twang

(j^sji &f'n-natt pl.

^^aJU*- foznnts 2 piglet

J-.'^-

^^j^- kinsir

pl.

j^-1

akann 2

f.

U-

kanna

twanging,

J*

{_r

^U-'l)

^^aiA-'I

2 r^U*- kanfir little finger | -li* to give s.th. top

speaking through the nose


2

rating because of its excellence, put

s.th,

above everything lse


y*l

kunn (= f- kumm) pl. jL-l aknn coop, chicken coop, brooder

mL>-

kana'a a

{fj-*-

kun') to yield, surrender

bow, atoop
ijjt kanita a to be soft, effeminate

(J or Jl to s.o.),
s.o.)

humble

o.s.

to

cringe (J or Jl before

display effeminate manners, become or

be effeminate

fy*~ kan' submissive,

servile,

meek,
di

humble
oft,

treacherouB,

perfidious,

j^ an&
J^- kunl

effeminate

loyal

pl. >U- kint,

jU*- kant

fy*- kun' Bubmissiveness, meekness,


servility

hermaphrodite
Jji

kunta effeminacy
<J*lJ-

kanaf

{eg.)

twanging, nasal twang

jj takannut effeminacy
jALJvijjc

kanfara to snuffle, snort

mukannat bisexual; effeminate;

powerless, impotent,
j*y**-

weak

Je*-

kunfus and lk*- kunfusa


2

pl.

^U-

kanfia

dng

beetle, scarab
( s.o.);

kanjar

pl.

j*-L- kanjir 2 dagger


>-

kanaqa u [kanq) to choke


choke to death

to

j^S-

kankana to

nasalize,

speak nasally; to

euflbcate, stifle, smother, strangle, throttle,


( s.o.);
;

twang, speak through the nose


<3-L*-

to throttle

down

kandaqa to dig a ditch or trench

(liii^-

(techn.
)

* s.th.)
(j>

to slow down, cut, check,


III to quarrel,

to take up positions, prepare for battle


Jiii.

suppress
fight (

s.th.)
s.o.)

have a

with
fight

VI to quarrel, dispute,
s.o.)

kandaq

pl. J-ili-

kandiq 2 ditch;

have a
be

( with

VII pass. of

I;

trench
vl-A*L
c-j-^ji-

VIII to be throttled, be suppressed; to


tight,

^unzuwmya megalomania

constricted

(throat);

to

be

strangled, be choked to death

kanzab Satan, Devil


Ji>-

kanq

strangling,
j

Strangulation

j-j*>-

kinzvr pl. _rjli*-

kanzlr 2 swine, pig,

throttling,

suppression

jl^Vl Ji^

k.

hg: <J JS*~ (barri) wild boar; yjLscrofula, scrofulosis (mei.)


*/ j*>- feMtzwa

al-anwT dim-out
oJl iai

kanqat (kunqat) al-yad wrist

sow

JL- kunq auffocation; angina (med.);

jy jLj^

aznztr scrofulous

kunq and

J>Jl*-

knq quinsy, diphtheria

<J^
(med.);
pl.

Jij^

katvniq*

and

J^

o\f*- kutvn, kitvn pl.

Z^-\ akwina, ,^jU-i


I

fcownig2 do.

ajevnn*

table

ij J

<j^-

k.

az-zina

JL*- kannq choking, throttling, strangling


J^jt

dreasing table
**v*- &pa
teacher, schoolmaater

(ffO

maknaq neck, throat


have power over
kinq
|

*ij*f

JU-i

to grab s.o.
s.o.; to

by the throat, bear down on


s.o.

rj>- II

(ep.)

to rot, decay, spoil


(coli.; n.

JL*throat
tighten

strangling
I

oord;

neck,

ry- kauk plum (syr.)


*^-j-

un.

1)

peach

(e#.);

J* jLA^
the
grip
s.o. 's

J~^

(dayyaqa)
s.o. 's

to

kauka

pl

rj-

kuwak
alley

sky (of

around

throat,

light,

windowlike opening; wicket


(eg.)

tread on
s.o.

neck, oppress
JU-I

s.o.,

beaet

canal lock, of a gate); necting two streeta


jjji-

con-

grievously; oljjc

to grab

s.o.

by

the throat Jbj^ fctng and Ufight,

kda

pl. -*, jjji-

kuwad helmet
fcwwf) to low,
{jj- jcatvar)

kinqa quarrel,
1

row
1

(j_j^)

jU- fcra
;

(j|>-

moo
and

(cattle)

jj^- kawira a

Jbji-

iktinq

suffocation,

asphyxia-

jU- kra u to decline in force or rigor; to

tion; contriction; asphyxia (m#f.)

grow weak,
suf-

apiritless, languid, to languish,

JjU- kniq choking,

strangling;

flag; to dwindle, give


j_jj^

out (strength)
akuxir, \j^- kirn

focating, asphyxiating, stirling, smother-

kaur

pl.

j\j-\

ing; throttling, throttle- (in Compounds;


inlet,

bay
kawar weakneas,
fatigue, enerva-

Jl]^ kawniq*) choke coil, reactor (radio); gorge, rarine, oanyon


techn.); (pl.
j

jyi-

JjU-

jU asphyxiating
wolfsbane,

gas;

*_-jJ1

JJU- .

tion, languor, lassitude


jl-

ad-di'b
(bot.)

monkshood, aconite

kuwr Iowing, mooing


languid, strength-

j!^ jcawwdr weak,


maknq
strangled ;
suffooated,
2

Jj^jf-

less

stifled,

smothered; suppressed, choking

ijjt~ kri pl.

*Jjl>-

kawrina parson, curate,

(voice, laughter, etc.); constricted; stran-

priest; see also

under j^-

gulated; throttled

j^jt

muktaniq

crammed,
(<_j

jammed,

WJj*-

brw

choir (of a churoh)


( s.o.);

crowded, chock-full
(j*- and ^-)
1^*-

with)

3jj- kauzaqa to impale

to corner,

kan

u, J*- kaniya

drive into a corner, get into a


(,^{ s.o.)

bad

rix

kanan) to use obscene language IV to hit


hard,
afflict

grievously,

wear down,

ruin,

jj jU- see 3y~


jj- 6jj vxiraq kauSaq wrapping
blotting paper
1

destroy, crush (J*


^i-

s.o., B.th.;

said of fate)
s.th.

paper;

kanan

obscene

language;
;

indecentor obscene; prostitution fornication

u^j- k$
\~*ji-

(coli.; n.

un.

palm Ieaves
of

V'j*" kawfa
of

pl- 'St sir,

Mr.

(title

and form and

kpa

(eg.)

plaitwork

palm
hats;

address,

esp.,

for

Christians

leavea (resembling that of

Panama

Westerners, used with or without the

used as a tarboosh
A^\jji-

lining)

name

of the person so addressed)

kixofa art of palm-leaf plaiting

265

o<r
\J*ij takwlf
tion, bullying,

u*y- kawa and ^j-l

aee
(

ry-

and U-l ikfa intimidacowing, frightening, scar

ing

Hui**-)

sj*\*-

kfa * (&
s.th.),

^^
(a

ittyd) to

^jyfi

takawwuf
jfc't/

fear,
^J_>>-

dread

wade
{*

(a

into water); to plunge, dive,

JJU-

pl.

kuwwaf

fearful,

rush (* into
s.th.)

tackle courageoualy

timid,
on);

embark boldly

timorous ;

scared,

frightened,
of); anxious

to

penetrate (*

orj

alarmed

into),

become absorbed,
to

(^

by); afraid

(^

engrossed (* or

in);

go into a

(Je about), apprehensive (Je for)

subject (j), take up (j a subject), deal

^jji makf feared, dreaded; danger ous, perilous


(Ji-rf-

(j with)

iS^dl

^U-

(maVot) to rush

into battle; i-^J-l to enter the


<i^-

j^ t^*^" (giinra Z-Aar&)

mukif

fear-inspiring,

frightful,

war

dreadful, terrible, horrible

fcawi plunge, rush (into); enter(into,


e.g.,

J'U- look
J_^- II

up alphabetically

ing,

entry

into

war,
search

into

negotiations) ;
into),

penetration ;

(j

to grant, accord, give, concede (*


s.th., also

to

examination,
of a subject)
pl.

discussion,

treat-

s.o.

* J; esp., the right, the

ment (j
<*i\J

power upon
^jli- makwid 2
(*

to
s.o.

do

s.th.),

bestow, confer (*

s.th.,

also * J), vest,

endow

makfa

-t,

s.o.

with

s.th., also

* J)
JjJ^- ku'l,

ford

,>&. see
(ij^-)

^
Sili

JU- kl
*Jj_J-

pl.

Jj^-I

aJewl,

ku'la (maternal) unclo;

(pl. *>L-

klln)

mole,

birthmark (on the face)

tJU- &/a (Ist pers. perf. kiftu) a

(kauf,

makfa,

*Jui-

kifa)

to
(*,

be
or

patch, beauty spot


iJU- kla pl. -f (maternal)

frightened, scared; to be afraid

aunt
esp.,

j-

of),

dread

(*,

or

s.o.

or s.th.); to
<-L>*"

kawal chatteis,

property,

fear (*,

or j-

s.o., s.th.;

Jp

for s.o., for

that consisting in livestock and slares;


servants;
sissy
(eg.)

s.th.; jl that) II

and IV to
(

frighten, scare,

dancer; effeminate person,

alarm,
<Jj>y-

fill

with fear

s.o.)

kauf fear, dread


of),

(^

of);

li_>>-

J^-

kavXi Supervisor, overseer

(of

kaufan for fear (j*


-jt- kifa fear,

fearing (Je for)

plantation); gardener
tyj*-

dread (j- of)


\Jtuj-

ku'la

relationship

of

the

<J>\j-

kawwf,

kaunuif faintheart;

maternal uncle
J_jfi

ed,

fearful,

timid,

timorous

coward,

mukawwal authorized (^
alphabetically

to)

poltroon
*U- look
J_^-l

up

akwaf 2

more timorous; more


I

dreadful,
lji

more to be feared
fear,

(_j>-)

jU- kna u (kaun, L>- kiyna) to


faithless, false, treacherous,

be disloyal,

makfa

dread
...,

jl

li (mak*
...

perfidious, act disloyally, treachorously,

fatan) for fear that


.Jijljt

afraid that

perfidiously

(9

toward

s.o.);

to betray

makivif 2

(pl.

zu

iilit)

fears,

so.); to cheat, dupe, gull,

hoodwink
(<i*"jj

apprehensions, anxieties ; horrors, dangers, perils

( s.o.),

impose
;

upon), deceive
deceive,

one's

wife)

to

fool,

mislead

Of(

266

s.o.; said,

e.g.,

of the memory); to
( s.o.);

,jj+ fcuwaiy
lj>-

little

brother

forsake, let
( s.o.; e.g.,

down, desert

to fail

kwa

brotherlinesB,

fratemity

the voice, and the like); to

(=

;_j>.|

ukiva)
brotherly, fraternal

fail

to keep {* e.g., a promise), break (Ixp


jljfi-

'ahdan a contract) II to regard as or call


faithlesa,
false,

mukwin
(coli.
;

disloyal,

treacherous,
to distrust,

j\s- kiyr
k.

n. un. S)

oucumber

jCJ>

jU^
fc.

dishonest, unreliable

s.o.);

ianbar

(eg.)

drumstick

tree,
JL*

purging
jL*-

mistruet

( s.o.)

to impair, hrm, hurt,


VIII to dupe, gull,
(

cassia

(Cassia fistula; bot.);


(eg.)

prejudice (*

B.th.)

qaSia

gherkins, pickles

cheat, deceive, double-cross, betray


s.o.)

Ji*^*\ istakwana to

distrust, mis-

(^^-)

uU

kba

(i-^ kaiba) to

fail,

mis-

trust

( s.o.)

carry, be without success, be unsucoesafaithlessness,

L*-

kiyna

falsenesB,

ful; to

be frustrated, be dashed, be
II

dia-

disloyalty, treachery, perfidy; breach of


faith,

appointed (hopes); to go wrong


to cause to
foil,
(*J

and IV

betray al; treaeon; deception, fooliJL.^1

fail;

to thwart, frustrate,

ing

L*- k. al-amna breach of


('uzm) high treaeon;

defeat {* B.th.); to disappoint, daah

L.T

faith; j-Ji* iL>-

mia

s.o.'s

hopes)

j^)l

4jL>-

breach of promise
faithlesB,
false,

-_-

kaiba failure, miscarriage, defeat,


|

jj*-

ka'n

disloyal,

frustration; fizzle, flop; disappointment


i-ji. ajj

traitorous,

treacherous, perfidious; un-

walad

fc.,

f.

'*-*-

cJJ btnt k.

(eg.)

reliable, tricky, deceptive


\j>-

a good-for-nothing, a ne'er-do-well
faithless,

kawwn

unreliable,

<_JU- k'ib failing; abortive, unsucceasful;

disloyal, treacherous, perfidioua; traitor

disappointed
i

^U
kawana
reliable,

k'in

pl,

o\j>-

kutvwn,
false,

~<Sj>-

jU- Jcra ( jj.)


to prefer
(
(

to choose,

disloyal,

faithlesH,

unper-

J* *

s.th. to) II
((>>

make one'a choice to make or let

traitorous,

treacherous,

s.o.)

choose
b.o.)

between,

j
to

from),

fidiou; traitor

give

the alternative, option or

*jU- and SjU- look up alphabetically


*o)y~ look
^j*"

choice
(

(,>j

between,

in);

prefer
(

J* a

s.th. to) III to vie,

compete

with

up

alphabetically

s.o.); to
( s.o.)

make

or let

( s.o.)

choose, give

kaw

i {*\j>-

kaw', t$j*- kawan) to be

the choice, option or alternative


(*, s.o., s.th.)

empty, be hungry;
kaw*)
to

kawiya a
bare,

(*\yi-

to choose, seleot, pick

be

empty,

dreary,

VIII to choose,

make

one's choice; to

choose, Belect, elect, pick (*,


desolate, waste
fix
*\j-

s.o., s.th.),

upon

s.o.

or s.th.
|

(*,

);

to prefer
(?'<

kaw and

,jj>-

kawan

eraptiness

(of the stomach),

hunger
vacant;
dreary,
('urSihi)

(J* * s.th. to) wrihi) approx.

...

l jltf-l >j\yr Jl

the Lord has taken


to seek or request

. .

jU

kwin

empty,
|

unto Himself
is

what
s.o.);

waste, desolate

<%j. J* jU,j-lj>)l

good or best

(*) for o.s. (


|

from

completely devastated;
l-wifd

^jl-

fc.

to consultan oracle, cast lots to ask

^il

jUc--1

(=

^Ijjll

JU)

with an empty

God
kair

for proper guidance in


pl.

pouch, empty-handed, without a catch


.jji- III
{*),

jL

kiyr, jU-l

akyr

to join

( s.o.), join
(* s.o.)

the

Company of

good; excellent, outstanding, auperior,

accompany

admirable

better ;

best ;

(pl.

jj^-

267

kuyr)

good

thing,

blessing ;
benefit,
|

wealth,
interest,

of

one's

own

accord,

property;

spontaneously,

good,

voluntarily
jjLi.l iktiyri voluntary, facultative,
elective (studiea)

advantage; welfare; charity


the best of all people;

^-Lll

j*i-

^Ul jl-^.^LIl jL-l


human
ia

the best people, the pick of the


race;
dil

iL. jJ- j* he
j*
it ia

better than you;

jjt

mukayyar having the choice

or

jyi-

better for
jj-'l

you

jJ-'l

J$*

j\
jj

Option
jLzift

the very best; fLJl

('mm) the comfUl!

muktr
or

free to choose,

having the

monweal, general welfare;


welfare State;
-4ij!
j*AM
ft-fc.

^1

choice
jjbjc

option

(j

in),

volunteering,

for the benefit of; jJ-'

mitktran (adv.) voluntarily, spon-

anjuaihim for their owngood;


charitable deeds;

taneously, of one's
lect,

own

accord; choice, se-

Jl>l

jX\

^L

exquisite ; chosen, preferred, favorite

jsadA al-k.

and

j4-'b

dL-L* good rnom-

a favorite; oljUJc selection, selected writings,

ing!

jJ-'L

jTj (daJbaraA) to retain a good


s.o.; to

anthology;

(pl.

jrljft

maktir*)

vil-

Impression of
iSj*<&*'*"

speak well of

s.o.

lage chief,
Ir.)

mayor of a

village (Syr., Ltb.,

charitable, beneficent, be|

nevolent, philanthropic

<ij^- -**; {jam*

b>*- aee j>(u-i*-)

'lya) oharitable Organization

o- ^*"

&****
(<_>

(tri*- &***>

l*- kayasn)

*ij*~

kairiya charity,

charitableness,

to break
_^uit

an agreement, a promise)

benevolence, beneficence
kaiS sackcloth, sacking, canvas

j kayyir generous,
ed,

liberal,

openhandbeneficent,

munifioent;

charitable,

ii- kaiSa piece of sackcloth;


,_>*-

(pl.

-t,

benevolent; benign, gracious, kind


jnri-

kiyaS) sack; straw mattress, pallet;

Bedouin tent
kaira
pl.

-t

good deed, good


(e.g.,

thing;

pL olj^- resources, treasures

j ! see

*i-

of the earth, of a country), boons, blesaings


j-ui-

(ia-^) JU- kfa i (kaif) (* B.th.)

and

II to sew, stitoh

klra

and kiyara the

best, choice,

J*-*i

prime, flower, pick, ete


<Ss*jyi-\ **"

LU->-

&a# pl. iy-A Hdn thread;

kuyf, JoL^-l afcyf,


twine, oord; pack|

glyflower
f.

(bot.)

thread, string; Aber

JJ

lut- &. arnaJ a

akyar*,

^jyi- ktr,

^jj*- krd,

spark of hope, a thread of hope


(

pl. j-U-l

akyir* better, superior

_J

L=^

kaift threadlike; fibrous

jL>- kiyr choice; Option, exercise of

-UL*-

&tyf needle

the power of choioe


right of withdrawal

(//.
(lal.

Law);

refusal,

L>- fciyd^a sewing; needlework, tailoring,

Law) ; the

best,

dressmaking

Li-" I

ilT

sewing

choice, prime, flower, pick, elite; see also

machine
JL*f-

alphabetically

kayyf

pl.

-n tailor

iSj\*-

biyn

optional,

facultative;
LL- kayyfa pl. -( dressmaker;
Btress

voluntary
jL^-1 iktiyr choice; eleotion (aiaopol.;
pl.

seam-

-t);

selection;

preference
L>L=-I

<J* to);
iktiyron

.LJt mikyaf needle


luU- fc'if tailor

Option; free will (phoa.);

J^
'(J^O

268

kla a to

magine, fancy, think,


to oonaider,
...,

JL^- kayli imaginary, unreal; ideal,


ideational, conceptual; utopian
J-^-l

believe, suppoae (l that);

deem, think
to be
II to
...),

s.o. to
s.o.

be

* * B.tb.
s.th. as)

akyaP more coneeited, haughtier,

regard (*
(Jl
s.o.)

as,

**

prouder
J--I

make
(Jl

believe (jl
s.th.),

that),

suggest

to

s.o.,

give

s.o. (Jl)

akyai

pl.

J_^

kll,

j>UI akyil*

the impreasion that

(*)

l (*J) *JI J-ii

green woodpeoker
*&:+-

(kvyyila) he imagined, fancied, thougbt


that...,
it

fpuyal'*

(f.)

coneeit, coneeitedness,

seemed,

it

appeared to him
(kayyalat;

haughtiness,

pride;

OLX'

al-kuyal'a

that

cX*-

U Jp

Lri^\

haughtily, proudly
*J>Jl-A

being understood) as the heart dictates,


kailvla
coneeit,
i.e.,

ooneeitedness,

as ohance will have

it,

at random,

anobbery, arrogance, haughtiness

unhesitatingly IV to be dubious, doubtful,

uncertain, intricate
s.th.); to

to imagine,
itself,

iLjt

makila

coneeit,

coneeitedness,
(pl.

fancy {*
itself

present

reveal

Bnobbery,
J>IJ

arrogance,

haughtiness;
sign,

(J

to

s.o.'s

mind),

become the
(

makyiP) indication,
pl.
Jjljfr

symptom,
mental

objeet

of imagination,
s.o.)
jJ-'l
|

appear

II

characteriBtio;

visions,

kuyyila; J to

J JJt (kaira)
s.o.,

images, imagery
J-Jt tafcyil play aoting
at-t.
|

to suspect good qualitiea in

have

Ji-sN

,ji

fann

an inkling of
well of
s.o.,

s.o.'a

good

qualitiea, think^
b.o.

dramatic art
takayyvl
pl.
-t

have a good opinion of


s.o. s.th.,

VI to pretend (^ J to
aot (J toward
s.o.,
<-

that

JJfi
...),

imagination,

phantasy; delusion, hallucination, fancy,


as
if);

to feel

self-

whim, fantastic notion


strut about;
all

important, be oonceited; to behave in a

pompous manner, swagger,

JJe

takayyull

fantastic,

fanciful,

to conceive eccentrio ideas, get

kinds

imaginary
iJLi^I iktiyc pride; arrogance,

of fantastio notions, have a bee in one's

haughti-

bonnet; to appear dimly, in shadowy


outline; to appear,

ness
Jft

show (J*
smile
e.g.,

on),

hover
b.o.'s

mukayyila imagination, phantasy

(Jp
Ups),

about;
flit

e.g.,

about

(J*

across,

a shadow
self-

JJn mujnl dubious, doubtful, uncertain, intricate, tangled, oonfused; confus*

aeross

s.o.'b face, etc.)

VIII to feel

important, be conoeited; to behave in a

ing, bewildering
Jliit

pompous majmer, ewagger,


JL- kayl
pl.

strut about

muktl

coneeited,

haughty, ar-

rogant
IL^I akyila disembodied imagination; phanfantasy,
*
(

spirit, ghost, specter;

j-^ II to gallop (on horseback)

tom,

apparition ;
vision;
|

phantaam,
shadow,

chimera,
reflection

trace,

dim

Jj^ kail

(coli.) pl.
|

dj^- kuyl horses;

horsepower, H.P.
ing, horse race

JJ^I

iL- horse

rac-

ilLi

JL^

k.

Sakk slightest

doubt;

*\j*m~*i\

JL- Je. af-fahr* scareorow;

JUJl (JL*- k. a?-?itt

shadow play
pl.
;

jLv- kayyi
*JL>-

pl. I,

-n horseman, rider
(/r.;

kayyia cavalry

Eg. 1939)
cavalry

*)!*
specter;

kayia

-dt

ghost,

spirit,

phantom

phantasm, fantasy,

JLv-

\s*

sariya

kayyia

chimera

squadron (Eg. 1939)

269

JU- see Jy**- II to

fL-

kayym tentmaker
pl. -t

pitch one's tent, to

camp
lie

to settle
lie

^ic

mvkayyam

camping ground,

down; to

stay, linger, reet,

down,

camp, encampment
***-

(J* on, (j or lj at a place); (fig.) to reign (e.g., calm, sence, peace, etc.; j or

htm natural
u-i s.o.
JU-I

disposition, nature, temper,


|

character; inonation, bent, tendency


(eg.)

at, in), Bettle

(J* over)

to pitch one'a

to feel s.o.'s pulse, Bound

tent; to
w-.

camp
kaima
tent ;
pl.
-t,

out

fL.

Jeiym,

**8

Jpiyam

tarpaulin ;

arbor,

bower

U- look
<*

up

alphabetically
pl*

pavilion

bnyyo

-& noose

(_j|^

da'aba a (da'b, da ab, <->jj* du b) to

^AjuIj (Fr. denldle)

dantia laoe

persist, persevere,
tiring, tireless

be indefatigable, unJj ia dnaq, dniq pl. jj Ijj tJawnt^*


coin,

(j or J* in s.th.); to go

an anoient

in for s.th. (J*), apply o.s., devote o.s.

*/

dirham; amall coin; a Bquare

(J* to), practice eagerjy (J* s.th.)

meaaure (Eg.;
iijU'la

4 aahm

29.17

a )

Ja Ja

da'6

pl. (-.j-il a<f 6

habit

danmark Denmark

da'b,

da'ab

and

vjj-*

^'6

jjU'la danmarkl Daniah


j_^ilaJl

persistence,

perseverance,

tirelessnesa,

ad-dnb the Danube

indefatigabity, assiduity, eagerness

Jj

jli <ya pl. -t


da'tft

wet nurse; midwife


<_^a (2aM6) to creep, crawl

and <_JU

d'ib

addicted,
eager,

devoted,

persistent,

aBsiduouB,

i_o tJaA&a

* (daft,

indefatigable, untiring, tireless (J in)


_

(reptile); to proceed,

advance, or

move
creep

l-jo

da'ttft

untiring, tireless, indefati-

slowly; to go on all fours; to enter (j


s.th.),

gable, persevering, persistent

come (j
into
a.o.'a

infco)

to

steal,

(*_ij
j
I

heart; of a feeling, e.g.,


in,

ad'ab*

more

persistent,

more

doubt); to apread (j over,


fill,

through),
;

assiduouB
ibla ritia

pervade,

invade
to

(J

a.th.)

to

governess, dry nurse, nurse

gain

ground

in s.o.;

ascendanoy (j of a condition, an idea, a Sensa;

gain

Ja dg pl. -( brand Jta


<iJ

(made on

cattle, etc.)

tion); to

Btream
s.o.)

in,
|

rush in (of sensationa,


i_^jj

name

J upon
of the letter j

Li-1

4J

^a

(d.

al-hayh) to gain vitality II to sharpen,


point, taper (* s.th.)

Uli dliy

dahlia(a) (6o(.)
LlaJl

b dm

checkera

i*-jJ

lauhat ad-d.

yj
bear
|

d-ubb pl.

t-lol
l^oJI

adbb,

i-jj

dibaba

checker board
iilrflj

_^^l

(affgar)

Little Bear,
-**"

Urea Minor
see
Ultfj

(ortron.);

jjTVl

(ai&w)

Great Bear, Urea Major

(astron.)

270

j:>

dubbi ursine
hill,

^i
mound
crawling;
flow
;

dabara u (jjt* dubr) tp

tum

one's
II to
for),

back; to elapse, pasa, go by (time)

*o dabba sand

make arrangements, make


In(e.g.,

plana (*

t^i

dabxb

creeping,
inflow,

prepare, plan, organize, design, frame,


devise, concert, arrange,

filtration;

influx,

of

get up, bring


etc.);
;

sensations, of Ufe, of vigor)


ujLjj

reptile

about
to

(a s.th.); to

hatch (> a plot,


(*

contrive,

work up

a rase)

to

dabbb creeping, crawling, repent,

diiect, conduct,

manage, run, engineer,


be in

reptant
iiljj

ateer, marshal, regulate (* s.th.).


pl. -t

dabbba

tank, armored car

charge (* of); to manage well, economize


(* s.th.)
|

i_j.u

madabb

(j7mwo6**)

1* -*** Jl J^l from the lower Nile to


:

>

iU- j

2 (kiftatan) to devise

its

plan

jJiJl

j j to conduct the course of

mouth
*j\s

business, be in charge IV to

tum

one's

d&ba

pl.

vi-*

dawbb* animal,

back (j* or J* on s.o.); to flee, run away; to escape, dodge; to slip away

beast; riding animal (horse, mule, don-

V
to

to be prepared, planned, organized,


reflect,

key)
i_ijj

managed; to
duwaibba tiny animal, animalcule;
consider,

ponder (j or * on);
(j or

weigh, contemplate

insect

* B.th.); to treat or handle with care,


pointed, tapered

^.u mudabbab
2

with

circumspection

<j

s.th.)

VI

to

face in opposite directions, stand back to

II to embellish, decorate, adorn, (* B.th.); to

omament
down
in

back; to be contrary, opposite, opposed;


to

put

in

good

style, formulate,

be inconsistent, incompatible
the back
(

to

compoee,

write

down,

put

tum

on

s.o.)

writing {* B.th.)
r-Lji

j*
pl.

dubr, dvbur pl. jlol

adbr

rump
tail
|

dlbj

psi^i

dababij1

Bilk

backside, buttocks, posteriore; rear part,


rear, hindpart
;

brocade
ij-Ljj dibja (n. un. of r^i-*)

back ;

last part,

end,

ji
brocade;
introductory
verees

j behmd, at the back, in the rear;


behind,

from proem,
eleganoe
flee,

from

the

rear ;

*j a

dj

or

linea,

waiid
style,

preamble; face, visage;


of
style;

dvbwah run away

to turn one's back; to

renown,

repute,

standing,

prestige
ryj-J

gj* daban
late
tadbij embellishment,
;

trailing behind,

belated,

adornment,
Iji dabra

omamentation
a book)

composition, writing (of

tum

(of fate)

jji* dabr west

wind

ol^-u mudabbajt embellishmenta of


Speech, fine figures of speech
i^Ajj

jjii dabbr pl. jwlj* dabbir* hrnet;

wasp
jyo; tadbir pl. -t planning, Organiza-

dabdaba to tread, tap


*jJuy

tion;

direction,

management,

disposal,

dabdaba sound of footateps, footpattering


or
clattering

regulation; economy, economization;


(pl.

fall,

pitapat;

jju

tadabir*)
t.

measure, move, step

noise; snapping, flapping noise


*jjX> tip,

JjU.1

jujJ

al-manzil

housekeeping,
j^-tf

dabdba

pl. *oIj-s

dabdib* point,

household management; JjU


zili)

(man*
4*1

tapered end

do.; oj^ii jjjlJtdb (

and

jjjljdl

271

e
jj^
dt&iy

4>}*>UI

(ittakada)

to

take the necesaary

birdlime

measurea
jLil idbr flight, retreat
iL:>

Jjj daig sticky, gluey, limy

dabaka u (dabk) to stamp the


(see

feet; to

jjj tadabbur reflection, meditation


on), thinking

(j,

dance the dabka


iSji

below)
a group

(j about);

consideration,

contemplation (j of)
yljj

dabka

(syr.)

dance in

which the dancere, lined up with locked


tadbur disparity,
dissimilarity,

arrns

or

holding hands, stamp out the


sing
dibal ring

contrast

rhythm and
the
<Lj dibla
|

j\i dbir past, bygone (time);

ultimate, utmost, extremity, end; root


*^ti\ j-li jJaJ

pl.

Jo

(dbira S-Sai*) to eradicate,

I^L^ diblm and

*->1j j

diblma

pl. -<

diploma

root out

s.th.,

suppress a.th. radically;

j\j&\ ,j-*Vj (amsi)


j\x\\
,j-*ir

aometime
(ka-amsi
air,

in the past;

,^-LyJbi di'Mdmji diplomatic;

diplomat

._-*i

d-dbiri)

to

i^UjJi diblmsiya diplomacy


_^i

vanish into thin

disappear without
datara u (j_yi du* r ) to
fall

leaving a trace (actually: like yeaterday

into oblivion,
anti-

gone by)
jX mudabbir manager, director; ruler,
disposer; leader; ringleader
|

be

forgotten,

become
to

obsolete,

quated,
JjKll

extinct;

be

blotted

out,

wiped out, efFaced, obliterated (track by


the wind)
II

jX,
to cover, envelop
( s.o.);

to

achemer, intriguer, intrigant


destroy, annihilate (* s.th.)

to

wrap

jX* mudbir:

"^--y

(/-u

mudbiran wa-

o.s.

in),

cover

o.s.

(j with) VII to be

muqbilan from the rear and from in front


a

or

become wiped
have

out, blotted out, ef-

jljj

dubra

(=

faced, obliterated; to be old; to be for*j\jj*)

packthread, string,
gotten,
fallen

into

oblivion,

be

twine, cord, rope; thread


obsolete VIII iddatara to
i

wrap

o.s. (<^ in),

-\s

dibs sirup, molasses, treacle,

esp.

of

cover

o.s.

(i_j

with)

grapes
,

jUi
pl.

ditr pl.

jo dutur blanket, cover


past,

-j>* l_r

dabbs
|

^-wlji dabbis* pin; Bafety

jyX
(time)

madtr

bygone, ancient

pin

j>J&l ^ji*

safety pin

^j

dabai junk,

rubbish,

trash;

dabS

r* dajja

(dajj,

?^*-i dajxj) to
s.o.

walk slowly
to the teeth

rubblestone, rubble; cruahed rock (used


as su betrat um in macadamizing)

II <-:>LJ1j

4w-j to arm
(syr.)

r* dujj
ijj

thrush

(zool.)

dabaga a

(dabg) to tan {* a hide)


*-,>

dujja

intense

darkness,

pitch-

Lij dibga tanning, tanner's trade


f-lji

darkness

dabbg tanner

rU:
ijjx.

dajj

(coli.)

chickens; fowl (as a

lij-U

madbaga

pl.

madbig 2 tan-

generic designation)
*-l*-.i
^fiti-l

nery

dajja
d.

(n. un.)

hen; chicken

^a

dabiqa a (dabaq) to stick, adhere


to cleave, cling

-U-j

al-habaS guinea fowl


bi-8-ftith

(i_j

to)

(v

to) II to catch

with

--iLJlj

*-u mttdajjaj

heavily

birdlime

(*

a bird)

armed, bristling with arms

272

j**i dajira

a (dajar) to be embarrassed, be at

play the hypocrite, pose aa a friend


s.o.);

of

a lose

to cajole, flatter

( B.o.)

jj i

daijr pl. jw-li* dayfir* gloom,

*.* dujan gloom, darkness, duskinesa

darkness, dark

JJI ^Ij-i dayji l-la dark of night


U-I.U

^ j^i

daj*n dark, gloomy

mudjh

hypocriay;

flattery,

adulation, sycophancy

M*-i dajala v to deceive, dupe, oheat, take in swindler, a cbarlatan, {J* e.o.); to be a
a quack
gild
(* II to coat,
e.th.);

pb

djin dark, gloomy

smear

(* s.th.); to

t-i~* II tadahdaha to ^.u-i dahdah

waddle
^1-U-a

to deceive, dupe, oheat,

and

dahdh dumpy,

take in (J*
J*-a
ewindle

b.o.),

impose ( J* on)
trickery,

squat, stocky

dajl

deceit,

bumbug,
_^-i dahara a (dahr, jj*-a duhr) to drive

away, chase away

s.o.);

to dislodge,

JLo

dajjl pl.

-n,

UL*-U-j

dajja

remove

s.o.);

to defeat (* an army)

swindler, cheat, impoater; quack, charla-

Till to be driven away, be routed, be


repelled, be

tan (fem. JUo); Antichrist


J-*-a? tadjll

thrown back; to be defeated

impoature,

humbug;

ohar-

(army) to go under, go to ruin, succumb,


;

latanry, quackery
8 iU-i

break down, oollapse


jL-aJl

indihr banishment, rejeotion;


defeat (m.); nun,
fall,

dijla*

the Tigris river


(pl. -l)

breakjU-Jjl

^.i dajana

(dajn,

dy-* dujn) to be dusky,


(day);

down,

collapae; catastrophe]

murky, gloomy

(dujn)

to

ind. al-kaun
_)j-X*

end of the world


repelled ;

remain, stay; to get used, become ac-

madhr routed,

ex-

customed, become habituated; to become


tarne, be domesticated II to

pelled, caat out; ostracized, banished

tarne; to

domesticate {* an animal)
(li-kidmati
for b.o.
b.o.
/.)

**i -J-' Cj^a


b.o.

r^o

dahraja to

roll (* s.th.) II

tadahraja to

to put a.th. or
s.th. or b.o.

to use

roll, roll

along ; to
pl.

roll

down

make

of Bervice to

,-*-b dhis
{med.)

ij--^ dawhis whitlow, felon

III to flatter, cajole,

ooax, wheedle,
gentle courteBy

try to win or entioe


(

by

b.o.)

IV to be murky, gloomy, over;

^i

dahaia a (dahS) to insert, thrust


in,

in,

cast (day)
~<*-i

to be dark (night)

shove

foiat

in,
;

smuggle

in

VII to

interfere,

meddle to mix
to be invalid, void, untenable

dujna, dujunna darkness, gloomi-

nesa,

gloom
dark

^>o dahada a
idste (*

(argument); to disprove, refute, invaljj-jl adjan*

an argument)

II

and IV to

dis-

yr

\i

djin tarne, tamed, domesticated

prove, refute, invalidate (* an argument)


iJ

(animal); dark,

gloomy

i.l* oUlj-*-

+*-* dahd refutation, disproof

(hayawnt) domeetio animalfl


j*-l^i dawjiii1 poultry

^jiyi

duh4

invalidity,

shakiness,

weakness, refutability (of an argument


or a olaim)

(j*.*)

Lo

daj

to be dark, gloomy, dusky; oover,


veil,

to

overehadow,
s.th.),

shroud,

^U.u midh4: ^Ua. ^a


invalid, unjustified claim

(da'w) an

blanket {*

Bpread

(* over) III to

273

J~
let in,

(yi)

U-a dah

(dahw)

to

Bpread

out,

admit, lead

in,

show

in

(* s.o.);

to

flatten, level, unroll

move, take, haul (J* or


pl.

* s.th. into);
insert
in,

O ^J-

midkan

^l-u

madhin

to incorporate, include,
(

embody,
set

roer, steamroller

or * *

s.th. in); to

cause to set
off,

bring
_^ol iddakara, j+X* muddakira see _^
(j-^-j

about,

produce,

trigger

(J* * s.th. in); to introduce (*

s.th., e.g.,

dujcaa dolphin
(Jjrfo duhl) to enter (*, lesa

an Innovation, an improvement, J* in or on s.th.) <*j&\ A*-*\ (madTasa) to


|

Jo dahola u

send

s.o.

to school; J* IjwJ J^aI to bring


...;

frequently j,

also

Jl,

s.th.),
(*,

go,

step,

about a change in
(udkilat)

o^-uS

<J* iJUoi

walk, move, come, get


penetrate, pierce
possession
s.o.;
o.g.,
(*,

j,
(),

Jl

j, J( into); to B.th.); to take


seize
(<*4*i
(*

the matter was subjeeted to

modifications

V
to

to meddle

(j in), in-

of

s.o.

befall,

terfere (j in, with); to interpose, inter-

doubt); to

take up

vene

(j in);

invade

(J

s.th.),

in-

post), start at

a Job; to enter
(

s.o. 's

(J*)

trude, obtrude (j on), disturb (j s.th.); to interlock, mesh, gear

room

or house, drop in on s.o.

J*),

come

VI to meddle

to see s.o. (J*); to call on s.o. (J*); to consummate the marriage, cohabit, sleep

(j in,
in

e.g., *JjJ-i

in s.o.'s affairs), butt

(ijJi-l

j on
in,

conversation) ;

to

J* with a woman); to come (J* over s.o.; e.g., joy); (pram.) to be added
(lj or

interfere (j

with),

interpose, inter-

vene (j
blend
other)

in); to interlock,
;

mesh, gear; to

(J* to); to supervene, enter as a new factor, aspect, element, etc. (J* upon s.th.), be newly introduced (J* into
s.th.); to
s.th.);

be superimposed
( tJ
;

to intergrade, shade,
*-i*j

A*j or

^mi j

one into the


strike,

to

come over s.o.

{), befall,

make

to join,

own, acquire (J* enter (* or j e.g., a


one'a

seize { s.o.; e.g., doubt, grief)

religious

Community);
{* in);

to

participate,

Jo

dakl income; revenues, receipt,


takings
(as

take part

to set in, begin (time,

returns,

opposed

to

r->-

event); to be included (j in; also jr*

karj); interference, intervention ; doubt,

dimna),
belong,

fall,

come

j, jtf

c^
c~*

under),
to),

misgiving
|

J*-uJI <r>j-*
*J

income tax; Lrd

pertain

(j,

yf

be

V
u
in

J*o
or
. .

j,\

within

s.th. (j, je*, v^*:); pass.:


j

dukila

jj

(ayyu daklin) and J^a V (dakla) he should not meddle


. .

to be sickly, diseased, abnormal


Jj-Uj

j-Vl

(ta'diZun)

the

J* J*o matter has

.,

he has nothing to do with


his busineas

.,

it is

none of

undergone modification;

~<*jX\

Jo

(w2-

w) to take up one's
report for work;
to

J*o dakdl disturbance, derangement,


disorder,

post, start at

a job,

imbalance,

or

defect

of the

1-jAll
L-ll

Jo J^j

(wairaaa)

mind;
IU-j

defeot, infirmity

enter school;

(min')

to
dikla
Belf,

enter the harbor, put inj f^-ifil


to

come

to the point; {**-*- j) **

j J^j j Jo
II
(*,

intrinsic

nature,

essence

inner

innermost, heart, soul (of a


intention
|

dukila

fl 'aqlihl (/i

/wuA*) to suffer from


to

person) ;

secret

*iU- j

*-

\j

a mental (physical) disturbance

rja'a dikkUah to

commune with

o.e.,

make
s.o.,

or let enter, bring in, let in


s.th.);

searoh one's soul


iU-j dukla; iUoJI iL! lailat ad-d. wed-

to enter, insert, include (*

s.th.,

or * in) III to

come over

s.oi (),

ding night
iL-j dukkala a variety of warbler

befall, seize ( s.o.; e.g.,

doubt, suspicion,

despair) IV to

make

or let enter, bring in,

-; ; ;

J~
\^- i
inner
dukal* 3 )
exotio ;
dakil
seif,

274

inner,

in ward ,

internal
(pl.

J^-Jb*

tadakkul

entry,

entrance;

in-

heart,

core;

^o
alien;

vasion; interference (j with, in), Inter-

extraneous;
foreigner,
false,

foreign,

vention; intrusion, obtrusion

J*-.tdl

f-U

alien,

stranger ;

not

'adam

at-t.

noninterferance,

noninter-

genuine,

spurious;

newly added

vention (pol.)
J*-l-C

(new) convert; guest; (J* to); novice; *Lo i*JS {ha* protg, charge, ward
|

tadkvl

interference,

Interven-

tion; interlook, meshing, gearing; super

lima),

J-^-j

JJ

(to/?)

foreign

word or
(dakak)

impoBition; intergradation ; permeation,

expression;
please,
"*L*-a

(syr.-pal.)

JL^-j

pervasion;
J^-l-s

interference (phys.)

if you please

dkil belonging, pertaining (j to),

dakila

pl.

JJU-j dak'il* inner

seif,

inmost being, intrinsic natura, essence;


heart, aoul
|

falling (J under), included (j in); inner, inward, inside, interior, internal; inside,

*~J *L*->

inwardly, in-

interior (of s.th.); dkila (prep.) within,


inside,
in;
"sU-Ij

side, in bis heart;

Ly

Jl^- our inmost

dakan

inside (adv.)

being;

jjW

JIUo

the underlying natura

J^UI j- from

within; from the inside

of things, the factors at


things;

the bottom of
private
internal

<y_p JJUo

d. ju*titAi his

iUb
Dakhla

dkila

pl. J^-'ji

dawkiP

interior,

affairs, (of

a country,

etc.)

its

inside, inmost,

hidden part;

iU-liJI

the

affairs
i}jji-i

oasis (in central

Egypt)

dukl entry,

entrance,

admis-

sion; entering, ingress; beginning, aetting


in;
first

interior, inside; domestio,


(as

J^la dkili inner, inward; internal; home, inland

penetration;

intrusion,

invasion;
|

opposed to ,jrjU-

hriji external,

coition in marriage (Isl


1

Law)

Jy-i

foreign ; pol.) ; indigenous, native ; private

^>ji-

d. al-harb

entry into war

belonging to the house; U*-Ii dkiyan


inside (adv.)
|

Jw-Ij JL*SJ

boarding stu-

*Jj*-> dufcvXlya octroi, oity toll

denta (as opposed to VtjU- day students)


l_U-ti t->j*- (Aarb) civil

J-u madkal
trance ;

pl.

Jj-Iju

mata!1 en-

war; iJu^l^ 3-yX.


i-l^-ta

hallway,
hall,

veBtibule,

anteroom

(madrtMo) boarding sohool;

^H^
the

entrance
port, of

lobby, foyer;

mouth
(ei.);

(of

underwear; LLtla
Jtf-La

i-"A-

inland navigation
|

a canal);
field

anode

introinterior

dkiliya interior

i"$J\ J^-Ia

duction (to a

of learning) ; behavior,

of the
lj\jj

country,

the

inland

conduct

o[)LJI Jrf-U (myyrfU) drivei-jj-U

LLtUi
Jw-I-Jl

ministry of the interior; yjj

way; jyUll

J^-J- introduction to

minister of the interior

the study of law; J^-l j-*-

hum

al-m.

good manners, good oonduct


iUIx.
mvdjcala
interference,
inter-

JyiJU

madkl

sickly,

diseased,

ab-

normal; (mentally) disordered; of weak


character, spineless; (pl. J--l-U madkll 2 )

vention; participation, interest (j in)

ravenue, receipts, takings, returns


in,

JUol

ZAi

leading in,

showing

_jo daJcmasa (LJ- dakmaaa) to


s.o.)

bringing in, taking in, hauling in; in-

fool (J* about one's real intentions, pull the


s.o.'s

volvement, implication; insertion, interpolation, incorporation, inolusion; intro-

wool over be

(Jp) eyes; to cheat; to

duction

(e.g.,

of a Constitution; of an

sly, crafby, artful

improvement, J* on an apparatus, or
the
like)

i_-j

dakmasa

deception,

fooling,

trickery; cunning, craft, slyness

V-P
jii-i

dakina a to be smoky; to taste or smell

achievement

is

due to God)
excellent he
pearls

of smoke;

to

how
is!

capable,

dakana a u to smoke,
II to

how
j.s

good,

how
(coli.)

emit emoke
(* s.th.); to

(fire)

fumigate, fume
(*

drr

smoke, eure with smoke

foodstuffs) ;

smoke
IT

(*

cigarette,

p durra
pearl;

(n.

un.)

pl.

~l,

jjj durar

tobaeco,

pipe)

to

smoke,

emit

a variety of parrot (Psittacus

smoke (fire) V to be smoked, be cured with smoke to be fumigated


;

Alexandri L.)
iSj*

durri glitte ring, twinkling,

bril-

j>-} j*~i

dukn pearl

millet,

dukhn

liant (star)
jj

dakan smoke, fume, vapor

dirra,

darra

pl.

jji

dirar

teat;

Uo
li^-i

dukn

(dujckn) pl. Lol adkina

udder
jl;X>

smoke, fume, vapor; tobaeco


dujena

midrr ehowering abundant rain


cloud) ;

(sky,

smoke

spouting,

color;

a kind of
welling out

pouring forth,

incense (CalamuB aromatious)

O <-~*~*
*^*-x*

jb
dakina cigarette
(eg., tun.)

darr flowing oopiously; produetive,

rieh, lucrative; profitable

J*-Uo dakkini
madkana

tobaeconist
jX. mudirr: JjJI j.u (baul) diuretic(al),

pl.

j^lx.
funiiel

madkin*

pl.

J>J1 C^\jJu diuretios; tS^JI

_,.u

('araq)

chimney, smokestaok,
J^-i3
(e.g.,

sudorific

tadkin
fish);

fumigation;

smoking
Ijj dara'a (dar') to rejeet (* s.th.);

of

(tobacoo) smoking

to avert,
kafaran a

ward

off {* s.th.,
je-

e.g.,

[^*-

i^-lj dakina pl. j-|p daxvkin* chim-

danger,

Crom) VI idddra'a to contend

ney, smokestack, funnel

(j for)
jj dar' repulsion,

j*-u mudakkin smoker


uU-b^ look up alphabetioally
u-b.

prevention, avert-

ing; warding

off,

parrying

iL ji darVa pl. -t target

daidan habit, practica


III to

^a

pamper,
%

spoil (

a child)

^f'j\j*

darbazin railing, parapet, banistera,

balustrade

jj darra

(darr)

tc flow oopiously; to
x\)i

stream, flow, well; to aecrue (J* to s.o.; profit, wealth); to be abundant, plentiful

Drres

(It.

Durazzo,

seaport

in

lbania)
tj[}i

IV to cause to flow; to bestow laviahly,

durrq

(syr.)

peach

heap

J*

s.th.

upon
with

s.o.

),

shower,
s.o.);

overwhelm (J*
yield (* a profit,

s.th.

to

t/lp darmi dramatic


w-jjj

J* to s.o.) X to stream, flow; to be abundant; to cause or try to


bring about the abundant flow of {*); to

dariba a (darab,

jj durba) to be
(<_j

ao-

customed, be used
trained, Bkilled
(<-<

to),

be practioed,

in)

II to habituate,

cause s.tb.

(*)

to yield in abundance; to
(*),

aecustom

(*,

s.o., s.th.,

or

^
i~*

be out for
profit), try

s.th.

seek to gain (* a

to); to practica, drill { s.o., j,

to

make

or J* or J*

(* a living)

in); to school, train, coach, tutor (* s.o.,

jj darr milk; aebievement, accomplish-

j,

or

J*

in)

to be aecustomed, be
to

ment

>,>

Zi li-tihi

darruh

(literally: his

used (J* or

to);

be or become

v-p
praoticed, skled, trained, drilled, school-

276

roll

together (* s.th.); to wrap, wind,

ed (J* or
i_jjj

in); to train (athkt.)


pl.

darb

VJJ* durb narrow


trail,
-

twist (J* * s.th. around); rise or advance step by step

darija a to
|

mountain pasa; path,


alley, lane
|

track; road;

daraja l-'urfu 'al


general practioe to
rise
s.o.)

it

has
to

J* Ji^Jl jyj become the

Ldl ^J* d

rt-taM*** tho

... II

make

( s.o.)

Milky

Way

or advanoe

by
to

steps,

promote

by degrees;
(Jl

move
(Jl

or bring (*
to);
roll

iij* durba habituation, habitude, habit

s.th.)

gradually cloeer

to

ap-

familiarity (with s.th.), experience; skill,

proximate

* s.th. to); to

up, fold

practioe

up
dariba

{* s.th.); to circulate,

put into circu-

Ljj
(Tun.)

court

of

first

instanoe

lation {* s.th.), give currenoy (* to s.th.),

make
habituation, acoustoming;
divido

(*

s.th.)

the general praotice; to


steps
(*

u-jj-Ij tadrib

into

degrees,

or

grades,

practioe; drill; schooling, training, Coaching,

graduate, grade, gradate


insert, include, enter

s.th.);

to

tutoring

j^CJI

v--jj-til

<*<wfor)

(j * s.th. in) III to


e.g.,

military training
^fjA* mudarrib
pl.

go,

keep up

(*

with,

with the

time, with a fashion) IV to insert, include,

-n instructor, drill

incorporate,

embody (j

* s.th.

in); to
list),

inatructor; trainer, ooach (atJUet.);


(of wild animals) ^fjA*

tamer

enter, register (j * s.th., e.g., in a

book

(* s.th.)

to progress

by

steps,

mudarrab experienced; practioed,

advance gradually; to proceed step by


step (Jl to); to

skilIed; trained; schooled

make
to

progress (j in); to

graduate, grade, be graded, graduated,


,>>[)* darbazln and j>_/ji darbazxn railing, parapet, banisters, balustrade

gradated

VII

be inserted, entered,
included

incorporated,
in)
;

embodied,

^jj

dari>a*j to bolt {*

a door)
(j-jjb*

to be classined (j in, C-* under)


( s.o.) (

(j to

^Uji
doorbolt

make
dirbs pl.

advance or

rise gradually,

<&&**" bolt,

promote
s.o.)

s.o.)

by degrees;
(Jl

to lead
(

gradually

to),

bring

s.o.)

^jjj darabukka

(eg.),

dirbakka (ayr.)

pl.

-<M

around to

(Jl, J);

to bait, allure

( s.o.);

darabukka, a oonical, one-headed hand

to entioe, tempt, Iure into destruotion


( s.o.)

drum, open at the Bmall end

&j ji darbaka banging or rattling noise,


i

rj* dar] entry, entering, registering,


registration, recording; a rolled or folded

din, uproar, turmoil


p-ji

paper;
daraja u (rj j-> dur;) to go, walk,

roll, soroll

_jUJi

r J-

J 1

tne

move
to

book; *^l$l ji
course of the talk

f% d. il-lealm.

in the

proceed, advance (fllowly); to approaoh


gradually, step
follow

by Step
(J*),

(Jl

s.th.);

a couTBe

proceed along the

p-ji durj pl. r\j*\ adrj

drawer

(of

lines of (J*), proceed in such and such a manner J*) to go away, leave, depart
;

table, desk, etc.); desk (e.g., for pupils in

school)

to outgrow (^m a nest, a habitation); to

^ji daraj

pl.

g\ji\

adrj way, route,


|

be past, bygone, over (time); to have passed away, be extinot; to circulate, be


in circulation, be current, have currency;

course; night of steps, stairs, staircase


**-\j^\ a*-j

raja'a adrjah (also **^Ija1 jI*)

to retraoe one's steps, go back the

way
<_~*i

to grow up (child);

(darf)

to

roll

up,

one came; to go back, turn back;

*J*
r}ij\
Tri-

'

(adrja r-riyh)
i.e.,

to go the

.J^ >

^.j-^Li

gradually, by and by,

ways of the winds,

to pas unnoticed,

without leaving a trace; to end in smoke,

by degrees, by and more


^j-tf

steps, atep

by

step,

more

come to nothing, be

futile,

be in vain

iadrljl gradual, gradatory, pro-

i^jj daraja pl. -t step, Btair; flight of


steps, stairs, staircase; degree, Step, tone (of

gressive; LjCj-U tadrijiyan gradually,

by

and by, by

steps,

by

degrees, in stages

a scale; mus.); degree (math. geogr.;


t

^Ipl idrj insertion, interpolation, incorporation; entry, registration, recording (j in a


j:jJJ
list)

of

temperature)

grade,

rate ;

degree,

order, rank; class (also, e.g., in trains,

of a decoration); phose, state, stage (of a


tadarruj

development) ; mark, grade


lj
\ji.
I

gradual

advance
|

or

(in school)
|

progress; gradation, graduation

i^ji

d.

al-karra
jL-jjJI

rj-^Lj

(degree
('uly)

of the

graduaUy, by and

temperature;

by;

<u*UjjI

LLJI

rj

maximal
(sufl)

irtiqaihi his gradual rise

temperatures;

JJI

jL-jjJI
ij-j*

the minimal temperatures;

^lj.t-1 istidrj capability of

graduaUy

JjjUl d. af-fl

degree of longitude (geogr.);


<-j3

winning

s.o.

over, pereuasiveness, art of

(ouL>)

<-*1p

('ilmiya,
J5*JI
i-jj
jJI

jmi'iya)
d.

persuasion
jrjli

academic degree;

al-'aql

drij

current,

prevalent,
in
*-_,! jJl

widevogue,

level of intelligence, IQ ; CjU-j

Ji* report

spread,

populr,

common,
|

card (in school); JjVl


first-rate, first-class;

IjjJl

(j) j- (Ja)

circulating, in circulation

v^&l

<j*-ji

ji of superior

(kalm) andij-jUI

iilil

(luga) the populr

quality, high -grade, high-claae; ul -jjJ


(K-daraja(i)

language, colloquial language

to

the extent
...,

tbat...;

to
...

such an extent that

so

much

jJ- mudarraj graded, graduated;


(pl.

that

-t)

open
stoop;

staircase, open-air stairs,

^Ip durrj
(zool.);

pl.

jtp

darrip francolin

fliere,

grandstand,

bleachers;
audi-

see also alphabetically


*^jJS tadruja pheasant
pl. -( bicycle

amphitheater;

(amphitheatered)

r j-tf tadruf,
i-!;i

torium or lecture room

jJdarrja
|

mudraj

inserted,

interpolated,

3jjli *-l;j

incorporated ;

entered,
(j,

registered ;
in),

motorcycle
tained, included
j-jj*

oon-

comprised

madraj

pl.

rj'-^*

madrij*

way

(j.

oy)

tbat one follows or pursues; course, route;


road, path; starting point, outset, rise,
ijj darida

{darad) to

become

toothless,

growth, birth, dawn, beginning(s) ; tar-

lose one's teeth


ijil

mac, runway

(of

an

airfield);

(as

also

adrad 2 toothless
durdi sediment, dregs, lees

mudarraj) amphitheater; (amphitheatered) auditorium or lecture

tjiji

room; grand.L.

stand,

bleachers

^j-x*

since

its

^-jjjjj dardabis ugly old

woman, hag
;

beginnings;

oL rjA* m.
to travel

nai'cUihl the

jap dardara

roar, rush (of water)

idle talk,

place where he grew up; jJI ^jlJ(m.


ir-rugiy)

jl

prattle, chatter

the

road

of

jljp dardr elm

(bot.)

j-tf tadrlj graduation;

jjijs durdr eddy, whirlpool, vortex


Classification,
|

categorization ;

gradation

j-dl

J*,

ap

dardaSa

idle talk, prattle, chatter

JJ>
^ji daraza u to sew,
jji iarz
suture
B

Btitch

*jjjJI

Jl>

'ummt

ad-darisa

(eg.)

pl.

JjjJ dura seam, hem;

railroad section gang,

gandy dancers

^b-i darrs

pl.

-n (eager) student

tf JJ J

dw

jabal

JJ.P darz Druse j jjjJI J->ad-d. the Jebel ed Druz, the


pl|

O
chine

*-Lp
|

darrsa flau; threahing


iL*- (Aa^^da)

ma-

O *-!p

combine

mountainous homeland of the Druses in


S Syria

^jji
VjXi

dirws mastiff

madnua
(a

pl.

^j'-U

madrw2
i-j.u

,-p darasa u
obliterate,

(dars) to
efface,

wipe out, blot out,


(*
B.th.);

madrasah

religious

boarding school
j

extinguish

associated with a mosque) ; school


SJIjsjI

to thresh (* grain); to learn, study (*

(tofidd'iya)

the lower grades of a

J* under to study under


.th.,

s.o.).

J*

^v*

('*)

secondary
high

school,
*Jj\

approx.
l*-jJu>

junior

(a teacher, a professor);

Bchool;

{awwallya)

u v^jj-i durs) to be
to inatruct
{ s.o.,

effaced, obliterat-

elementary school, grade school; i-j-u


ij_yL>

ed, blotted out, extinguished II to teach;

(tnawiya) secondary school, high

in

s.th.);

III

to

Bchool; *iJ^f y-l* (/ijriya) commercial


College or Bchool; *-j^- *<jA (Aar6tya)

Btudy

together with

s.o.)

VI to study

(* s.th.) carefully together VII to

become

military aoademy;*J*-l.i i^jX* (dkiliya)

or be wiped out, blotted out, effaced,


obliterated, extinguished

boarding school; (LI*) Ul* i-j-U fttya,


'uiy) College; ^li^Jlj J>JJ1 i-j-u school

of industrial arts, school of applied art

^ji

dars

effacement,
(pl.

obliteration

extinction;

and handioraft; ^jS" i-jA*


lege;
ieoiil
<**jjX\

(kubr) Col-

^jj> durs) study,

the

old

"school"

studiea; lesson, chapter (of a textbook);


class, class

(=

intelleotual or artistic

movement)

hour, period; lecture; lesson


experience, etc.)
|

(taught

by

jp Lj ji

(j-jOJ)l

madrari scholastic, school


tadris
,j-Jj4dl
|

(alq) to lecture

on

...;

L-jji J*l (<*'&)

^Jj-tf
tuition
staff;

teaching,

Instruction,
al-t.

to give lessons; SJjU ^-jj^

(manziHyo)

~ hai'at

teaching

homework

(of

a pupil or Student)

faoulty, professoriate (of


Institution)
pl.

an

aca-

^Ip

demic
dtr* threahing (of grain)
pl. -f studies;

^jli dris
L*lp dirsa

^jtji dawris* effaced,


|

study

*-[p

obliterated; old, dilapidated, crumbling


<-jlj>

*Jl* f7tya) oollegiate studies; *_jJ i-lp

i.1*

tajaddada drlsuh

to

rifle

(tnouJtya)

attendance of a

secondary

from one's ashes

school, secondary education, high-eohool

education

L<j

*-|p

(mutawassifa)

^j-U mudorrM
Btruotor; lecturer
assistant professor
|

pl.

-n

teacher,

in-

secondary eduoation,
cation (Syr.)

high-echool

edu-

opL-

^j-i* (mu3'K2)

^-Sja dtra of or pertaining to

study

9-ji II

to arm; to armor, equip with armor

or studies; Bcholastic, school; inBtructional,

(a s.th.)

V and

VIII iddaraa to

arm

o.a.,

educational, teaching, tuitional


J

p-y

take up arms, put on armor


pji
dir"

vb

tuition

feea;

'1 1 Sr'b-

(Alna)

m. and

f.,

pl.

jj* dur*, j*l

academic year; scholastic year, school


year
^-j ji darts dried clover

adru

r
,

f\j*\

(suit

of )

adrS ooat of mail, hauberk; armor plate plate armor


;

armor; armature;

{pl. f !pl

adra) chemise

279

iJ -P

^ljj aarr'a pl. -at

armored cruiser
daran' 2 loose
slit in

one another; to continue without interruption, go on incessantly; to face, meet, obviate, take steps to prevent (a s.th.);
to

i*i)j

durrd'a

pl.

(jjIjj

outer garment with sleeves,

front
iron-

put

in order, set right, correct (a s.th.),


(a
for),

fjlj dri* armored, armor-clad,

make amends
like)

provide compen-

clad
i^jlj dri'a pl. fjljj dauxjrt' 2

sation or indemnity (a for a loss, or the

armored

to

correct,

rectify,

emend

(*

s.th.); to set right,

put
to

in order, straight-

en out
f-jJU
(zoo.)
|

(a s.th.); (a

make good,

repair,
etc.),

mudarra'
^j-U
Jjj

armored
(guxj)

armadillo

redresa

a damage, a mistake,

tank corps;

make up
(a

(a for); to
is

Supplement, supply

^j-U

jL- (aayyra) armored car; Li-

that which

miasing); to anticipate,

y-jX* (mu$h) armored infantry (mtl.)


*-jX*

foreatall, obviate (a
iJji

an event)

mudarra'a

pl. -t

armored cruiser

darak

attainment, achievement,
;

(Jij-a

dar/ side, flank, wing; protection

accomplishment

overtaking,
iJ
'j .il

catching

up
jj
darfa
pl.

police ;

(pl.

adrk)

bottom,

<_jp

dira/

leaf

(of

lowest level

double door or window)

$j* darakl policeman


Jjjj
1

darfll dolphin

iTjj

daraka

lowest

level;

pl.

-t

j i daraqa

(leather) shield

descending steps (as opposed to oU-jj;


cf.

Ojll

oBj^j

U-l

oU-jj darajt

al-

iJj->

daraq thyroid gland


shield-shaped
;

hayh wa-d. al-maut)


thyroid
|

jjj

daraqi

iJlp

darrk

much-accomplishing,

ef-

iJjOjl -UJI (gudda) thyroid


2

gland

ficient, successful
iJjl-L.

j[jj look

up alphabetically up
(rains)

madrik2 mental

faculties,

men-

tal
]

powcrs, intelligence, intellectual ca-

lJji

II

to last, continue, keep

pacities, perception,
^j-*^! the five sensea

discernment

iJjl-dl

III

to reach, get, catch, overtake, out(>,

distance, outrun

s.o.,

s.th.),

catch

up,

como up

(a,

with); to keep up,


s.th.)

(Tip

dirkan

(adv.)

constantly,

in-

continue without interruption {*

cessantly, without interruption


i\\ji\

IV to attain, reach
at);

(a

s.th.),

arrive (a
{

idrk

reaching,

attainment,
realiza-

to get,

catch, overtake

s.o.,

achievement,

accomplishment;

s.th.),

catch up,

come up

(*,

with); to
(

tion, perception, discernment, awareness,

come suddenly, unexpectedly


s.o.),

upon

conaciouanesa

(iJjp'iM

Am faqd

al-i.

un>

overtake

( s.o.;

death); to obtain
(a s.th.);

consciousness) ;

comprehension,
;

under-

(a s.th.);

to grosp,

comprehend

standing,

grasp

reason,

intelligence

to perceive, discern, notice (* s.th.); to


realize,

sexual maturity, puberty; age of maturi

understand

(a

s.th.),

become
s.th.); to

ty

ilLp^!
(Isl.

j- sinn
Law)

al-i.

age of dis

aware, become conscious (a of

cretion
iJj-G

mature, ripen
puberty,
reach
Jl

(e.g.,

a fruit); to attain

sexual

maturity

(boy)

tadarruk gradual decline


istidrk

i--^iil

^jl C-TjAj (Sams, magib) the


seize

iJlj--l

redress,

reparation

sun prepared to set VI to reach and

correction, emendation, rectification

4p
iljj>

2S0

mudrtfc rational, reasonable, enreason, intelligent; (sexually)

all

of a sudden there was ... III to flatter,

dowed with

treat with flattery or gentle courtesy, cajole,

mature, pubescent, at the age of puberty


Cj SjA*

coaz

(e s.o.)

to deoeive, fool, mislead

mudrakt realizations

cogni-

s.o.);

to dissemble; to oonceal, hide,


{* s.th.)

tions; fised notions, established concepts


3

mask, disguise

IV to

let ( s.o.)

know
*}ji (Engl.) derrick,

(<_j

s.th.

or about

s.th.),
|

inform, Ly

derrick crane

notify, advise

(<-j

s.o. of)

... L. iljjjl

<*jj

darima a to
trim (a nails)

fall

out (teeth)

(adrha), also
II

<->

iJlpl

to

Ly do you realize
. .

clip,

what
be

. .

is?

you don't even know what


o.a.

means! VI to hide, conceal


to
dirty,
filthy

jj

darina a

(daran)

5jlp

dirya

knowledge,

cognizance,

IV do.

to Buffer from tuberculosis

acquaintance
filth;

ji daran pl. \j*\

adrn
|

dirt,

tubercles; tuberculosis

j,yj

^jjl adr more knowledgeable, better


{ri'awi)

pulmonary tuberculosis
ijji

informed, knowing better


botter acquainted
(<_j

(<_j

s.o., s.th.),

with)

darana
tumor,

(n. un.)

pl. -t

tuberclo;
t^jjl
l\j\x*

small

outgrowth,

excrescence,

l-adri a skeptic
sociability,

tuberculc, nodule
i_jji

mudrk

affabity,

darani tubercular, tuberculous


|

companionablenesa
j-tf

j-G tadarrun tuberculosis

^yj

jlj darin knowing,


(i_j

aware,

cognizant

(H'ann) and UJ\ jAj


tuberculosis

t.

ar-rta pulmonary

of s.th.)

\fj-L
tijoj

midran,

j-U

tadarruni tuberculous

ljj-

midrah

pl. jIju

midra (= fj^, mirdan), madrin pole (esp.

j^i*

mutadarrin

affected

with

tu-

one for punting boats)

bercles, tuberculated
jj-

3Ljj diryq (= jb/)


<1j

theriaca; antidote

midrah

pl. j\x*

madrih 2 spokesman
jj
(It.

dozzina) dazzina dozen


slip,

jtjj

dirham

pl.

a\j2

darhim 1
;

dirhem,
a weight
g);

drachma
{Eg.

{It.

V12

coin of 50 ^-U) VJ = ca 3.12


1

^j

dasaa u (dass) to put, get,

shove,

thrust, inBert (j * s.th. into); to

bury

f\j>

nioney, cash

(j

* s.th.

in

the

ground);

to

instill,

infuse (j

<-,

* s.th. in); to

adminieter
poiaon, J
into);

^L^-jj

duraihimt

(dimin.

with

surreptitiously (-JI

as-mmma
*
s.th.

derogatory sense; approx.:) pennies


Zjj* dxrwa pl. -t
j.)

to s.o.); to foist (j

to

protecting screen or

smuggle (J *
to

s.th. into, (*

ju

* s.o.

among);
intrigue,
|

wall; parapet

interpolate

s.th.);

to

^jj*

dirws mastiff

scheme, plot (J*, J against s.o.) ^j ^'U-di to engage in secret machinations,


intrigue, soheme II to

jlp darvS* dervish ,Jj jji darwti pl. ,Jj


1 ,j J ^

put in, get

in, slip in,

shove

in,

thrust

in,

insert (* s.th.); to

dar

(ilp dirya) to

know

(<_j

or *

hide, oonceal (* a.th.)


cretly, Jl in); to
slip

to engage
in)

(se-

B.th. or of a.th.); to

be aware, be cogni-

be hidden (j

VII to
into),

zant (u or *of); to nnderstand, com-

(ju between or

among, among,

prehend

(i~>

or * s.th.)

1fi

tSJ-^i

^y

creep, steaJ, sneak (,>i

J J

into).

281

infiitrate (j s.th,); to ingratiate o.a., in-

<*Lo

daama

fattiness,

greasiness,

sinuate

o.e.

(j or Jf to

s.o.,

into s.o. 's

griminess, grubbiness
*-j-j

confidence); to be hidden

dusma

fatness;

richness,

sub-

<-j-o daaiaa pl.

^'Lo

das'ia 2 intrigue,
j

stantiality

machination, scheine, plot

^Loil ^j

daae ad-d. machinations, intrigues, scheming, plotting (x*i against)


;

lLo dism plug, stopper

plot, conspira-

j^ daiaam amaranth

(bot.)

cy

jjfs disembir, diaambir December


dasss pl.

^Ui

-n intrigant,

intri-

guer, schemer, plotter, conspirator; sand

j~i

II

to introduce, bring in (*

s.th.)

to
(Jf

snake (Eryx jaculus)


'klo dast pl.

be hidden, concealed; to penetrate


into)

tl^i dust place of honor,


^ij {Fr. doucke) duS shower, douche
|

seat of honor; seat of office; couno

&-t c~o
2

d.

al-kukm

(a ruler's)

throne
,ji*-J

daSii

and jij a kind of porridge

ul-i dit pl.

jj~* dust kettle, boiler, cal(eg., ayr.)

made
-i.s daSt

of crushed wheat and butter junk, trash, rubbish, refuse

dron made of copper


3

i>j daata dozen; pack, packet, package


ji.s II to

hand over, present

(* s.th.); to

j_j^-i

dustr

pl.

,/Lo

dastir 2
(basio)

Statute;
constitu-

consecrate, dedicate, inaugurate (* s.th.)


J*.~>Jj

regulations;

by-laws;

tional law; Constitution {pol.);

tadiln consecration,
|

dedication,

(colloq.)

inauguration
of the church

i-^ll

jjt-i-tf

consecration

dastr permission

iSjj^s dustri constitutional


^j_j^-u)l

fUkJl

constitutional form of govern-

^i V

to belch, burp, eruet

ment

<ci da'a see f-ij

jj^j
ijjji^jjl

dustriya
^J*

constitutionality
|

'adam

ad~d.

unconstitu-

9j>

da"a to
tuously,

rebuff,

turn

down (contemp-

tionality

tbe poor, an orphan)


du'ba) to
s.o.)

j^2 dasara u (dasr) to push, shove, pusb off


(m s.th.)

i_-pj

da'aba a (jUj

joke,

jest,

make
{,

fun

with

III to play,

toy
jest,

O
j~-*

with
fun

s.th.,
(*

with

s.o.);

to joke,

s*\* dsir propeller, airscrew


pl.

make

with

s.o.);

to give

( s.o.)
{<-)
;

a
to

daskara

jS'Lo daakir* village

good-natured
flirt(U with a

slap

or
;

smack

woman)
e.g.,

to dally, philander,

*>*

daaam

fatness (of meat) ; fat, grease

play around (U with a woman); to play


(

dasim
;

fat;

fatty,

greasy,

grimy,

about

s.o.;

waves);

to

stroke

grubby

rieh,

abundant,

substantial
(e.g.,

gently, caress, fondle (* s.th.); to beguile,

meaty, pithy,
ing material)

fll

of thoughts

read-

tempt, delude

( s.o.;

said of hopes); to

play (* a musical instrument)


j

jJLJi

!_-pli

il

adaam*,

f.

lf.i

dasm' 2

pl.

^j

to play on the piano VI to

make

fun,

dusm very
grubby;
pithier

fat ;

fatty,

greasy,

grimy,

have fun together, have a good time


!_-pj da'ib

richer,

more

substantial,

joking, jocose, playful, jolly,

gay, funny

lAt-i

duba

pl. -t joking, jesting,

fun-

Kfi di'ma

pl.

/i

di'am support, prop

making, fun; joke,


v_>Ui
ks-\jl

jest

<.Uj di'ma

pl. -t,

f Uo

da''im* sup-

da" ab joaose, playful,


mud'aba
pl. -t

jolly,

gay
fun-

port, prop, stay, shore; pier; buttress;

play,

pUlar (esp.
authority)
-e-tf

fig., e.g.,

SaLJI fleo pillars of

making, fun; joke,

jest; pleasantry; dal-

liance, flirtation, philandeiy


<^e.\i

iad*im

support,

strengthening,

d'ib joking, jocose, playful, jolly,

reinforcement,

consolidation,

underpin-

gay, funny
r*\x> mud'ib joking, jesting

(j*}

and jtj) Uj da d u
to

{.l*j du'')

to

call

J^j

di'bil frog

Bpawn,

frog's egga

( s.o.);

summon
(*_*

(<-*

or

s.o.),

call or

send for

s.o.

or

);

to

call

up

( s.o., Jl,

J^-U

muda'bal

indisposed,

out

of

for); to call

upon

s.o. (),

appeal to

b.o.

eorts; round, ball-shaped


{*)

for s.th. or to do s.th. (J,


(J, Jl s.o.

Jl), invite,

*il ad'aj 2

f.

1> j da' ja' 2 , pl.

*a du'j black-

urge

to

do

s.th.);

to invite,

eyed; deep-black and large (eye)


j*i
<a*t'ra

ask to come

(Jl

s.o.

to; e.g., to

a ban(J, Jl
*

quet); to move, induce,

prompt
(<J,

o (da'ar) to be immoral

s.o.

to do

s.th.),

prevail
call

Jl

on

s.o.

j*i da'ar immorality, indecency jpi da'ir unchaste, lewd, licentious, dissolute,

to

do

s.th.); to

(<-,

s.o.

by a
pass.

name),
x-j

name
(^1

(^, a

s.o.

so

and so),

du'iya to be called, be named; to

obscene,

bawdy,

immoral,

in-

invoke

God

to pray to); to wish

decent
SjUi
da'ra,

(J s.o.) well, bless (J s.o.; properly: to

di'ra

indecency,

im|

invoke

God

in favor of s.o.), invoke a

morality,
jUoll

licentiousness,

debaucheiy

blessing (cj)
s.th.,

upon

s.o.

(J),

pray

(^> for

c~u bau ad-d, brothel


d'ir
pl.

J on behalf of

s.o.),

implore

(v J

jt\i

jUi du"r unchaste,


dissolute,

for s.o. s.th.); to curse (J* s.o.; properly:

lewd,

licentious,

obscene,

to invoke
evil,

God

against
{

s.o.),

call

down
;

bawdy, indecent, immoral


i_

invoke

evil

J*

upon
(*J

s.o.)

to

propagate, propagandize

s.th.),
(<J

make
to

r-i

da' asa

(da's)

to

tread underfoot,
(* s.th.); to
s.o.
;

Propaganda, make publicity

for);

trample down, cruBh

knock

dem and,

require (Jl s.th.), call for (Jl);

down, run over


VII pass. of
uiipj I

automobile)

to call forth, bring about, cause, provoke, ocaasion (Jl


s.th.),

give rise

(Jl to)

^s ^i

da'aka a (da*k) to rub (a


s.th.);

s.th.);

to scrub,

f k-'jU

(du'iya)

to

be

summoned, be
;

scour (*

to scrub on a washboard

called into session (parliament)


r">UJl Jr du'iya il

Jl

hamli s-ailh to be

(a laundry); to crush,
s.th.);

squash,

mash

(*

called

up

for military Service, be called to


...

to crumple (a paper) the colors;


II to support,

^-

Jaj-j

(yud') a

man

xi da'ama a (da'm) and

hold

called...,
j**JI
(Jji

a
4J

man by
Ui
life

the

name

of...;

up

(a

s.th.);

to prop, shore up, stay,

(}li

l-'umr) he wished

buttress, underpin (* s.th.); to cement,

him a long
judicially

III to challenge (a s.o.);


(b

consolidate, strengthen (a s.th.) Till *jl

to pick a quarrel
(

with); to proceed

idda'ama to be supported; to

rest,

be

against), prosecute ( s.o.)


call

based ( J# on)

VI to challenge each other,

each

283

**>
(Il.

other forth or out,

summon eaoh other; to


dilapidated,
fall (walle)

Law)

&y~h on the

pretext

evoke one another (thoughts, reminiscences, sentiments) ; to be

that...

^3
off;

da'ly

pl.

Ufril

ad'iy'* adopted

be tumble-down, threaten to

son; bastard; braggart, bigmouth, showpretender; swindler, impostor

to sink, subside, cave in; to fall

down,

sink to the ground (person); to coapae,

break down,
of

deoline,

degenerate
to
r

(fig.,

Uj

dua

pl. 5_p.il

ad'iya call; invocation

oultural

phenomenon);

flock

of God, supplioation, prayer; request,


plea;

together, rally VIII

^al

idda to allege,
l

good wish

(J for s.o.); imprecation,


s.o.)

claim, maintain

{*

a.th.,

that);

to

curse (Jp against

lay claim (* to
(*
e.th.);
a.th.),

a.th.).

demand, claim
claims
(*

^jl

ad' more conducive,

more

stim-

to

make undue
(to

ulating, of greater inoentive (Jl, J to),

to

arrogate

o.a.),

asBume
purport
accuse

causing or provoking to a greater extent


(Jl,

unduly or presumptuously (*

a.th.); to

B.th.)

affect, feign, simulate, pretend,

jUi

da'tva,
(pol.)
;

di'wa
(

(^
(_j

B.th.); to testify (in oourt); to

pl.

-t

Propa-

ganda
or m
a.o. of),

publicity

Jl for)

or * Jp s.o. Jp with), blame (*-j or * J* s.o. for), hold s.th. (t^j or *) against s.o. (Ja) X to call
(_j

charge

t^jUj dawi, di'wi propagandistio


jUj

di'ya Propaganda (pol.)


r

or send
cite,
(

for s.o.),

summon

(* s.o.);

to

summon

for examination

or trial

jlpa di 'i propagandistio


Slp-U

s.o.;

court, police); to reoall ( s.o.,


call,

mad" h determining factor, demotive or inoentive, cause, oc-

e.g.,

a diplomatio envoy); to
( s.o., e.g.,

ap-

cisive

point

a professor to a chair);
to invite, urge (Jl suggest (Jl

casion
f-loj

to invoke
s.o.

(* s.o.);

iad'in

imminent
;

collapse,

impend|

to do

s.th.),

to b.o.

ing

breakdown
(jf-t-ij

mutual summoning

s.th.

or to do

s.th.), call
(Jl

upon

s.o. ()

to

JUil
ideas

iad'i l-ma'ni assooiation of

do

s.th. (Jl),

appeal

to s.o. for s.th.


(*),

or to do s.th.); to call for

require,

demand,

necessitate,

make necessaiy

or

U^i

iddi'a

pl.

-dt

claim; arrogation,

requisite (* s.th.)

undue
appeal
;

assumption,
pretension,

presumption ;
pretense ;

al-

legation ;

acou-

ijci

da'wa

call ;
call,

bidding,

sation, charge; IpjVI the prosecution (in

demand, request;

convocation, sum-

a court of
U.tL-i

justice)

mons
claim,

(Jl

to),

calling up,

summoning;
invitation;
activity,
iatid'a recall,

(official)

summons,

citation;

demand, plea; missionary


(also
jp-UI (pl.

calling

back

summons, summoning; official summons,


;

missionary work
ad-d.),

yiS

nah

citation
flj d'in pl. Uo du'h one

Propaganda;

OJ^pj da'a*

who

invites,

wt)

invocation,

imploration,
|

suppUca>\j*s

inviter ;

Propagandist
|

host ;
(d'iya)

motive,
it is is

tion, prayer;

good wish

oli-U

reason, cause

^Ia V

not

good wishes;
curse;
S_jpjJI

^JL

S^pa (Harr) imprecation,

necessary, there is no need, there

no

^>-Ls> host
pl.

cause (J for)

i^jpj

da'w

jjUi

da'w,

jl*j

i-^b
(Jl),

d'iya

one

who

calls

for

s.th.

da'win
lawsuit,

allegation,
case,

pretension;

claim;

invites to s.th.
foll. genit.

(Jl);

Propagandist
s.th.),

action, legal proceedings

(with

or Jl: of

herald;

yo
(pl. f\ji

284

daw'in) motive, reason, cause,


pl.
<^*j-

J*o daal

pl.

jUol adpZ, JUj dipZ place


tree

occasion ;
genoies
|

f\j*

requiiementa,

eziflj-U

with

luxuriant

growth

thicket,

Leb warmonger; Xje


it

bush, jungle;

defectiveness,

faultiness,

li-davxTin pikhtya for reasons of health

oomiption
Jea dagil covered with dense under-

iSjjj"

^Ip

gives

me

great pleaa-

ure

...

growth

(place); impenetrable; corrupted

y-\* mad'tv one invited, guest; called,

named, by the name of


mutad'in evoking one another,
i-

Je.u mudgil covered with dense under-

growth

(place) ; false, perfidious, insidious

f-ljfc*

(in character)

one leading to the other (reminiscences,


thoughta);
frail,

shaky

(Constitution);
fall,

IV and VIII ijl iddagama to put (j *


s.th.

dilapidated, tumble-down; ready to

into), insert, incorporate,

embody

threatened with collapse; declining, in

a Btage of decline, on the downgrade


9Ju mudda'in one

(j * s.th. in); (gram.) to contract (J * one letter into another), assimilate (<j *
s.th. to)

who makes an

VII to be incorporated, embodied,

al-

merged, amalgamated; to be assimilated,


contracted

legation or pretension, aeger, pretender;


olaimer,
(jur.)
;

olaimant; plaintf; prosecutor

arrogant,
|

presumptuous, bump-

Jij daffa

(JnJ*

dafif)

to

Aap the wings

(ummi) the public f prosecutor; pUl ^oll ( mm) do. (Mor.)


tious
l/>**JI

^.ill

(bird) II to hurry,

rush
lateral

Jj
ija

daff pl. y-s du// aide;

^fA* mvddd'an claimed; 4_U ^xLI the

surface
dttj^,

defendant

(jur.); pl.

oLe-u mudda'ayt

doj^ pl.
;

>#j du// tambourine

claims, pretenaions
*i^ dajffa side

leaf (of a double door or

fjs~* mwtad'in applicant, petitioner

window); cover

iii dagdag'a to tickle

( s.o.);

to cruah; to

(of a book), jlail the two covers of a book; rudder, heim


|

chew,
1

munch

iiaJl

jS\$

(* s.th.)

or jJI _r-U mudtr ad-d. steers-Linil

man, helmsman ;
Ji-i dagara a (dagr, j^j dagr) to attack (Je s.o.), fall upon s.o. (Je)
j*i dagr attack, assault
tjj*}

the heim,

make
and

o.s.

the leader; aJl


ioJl

Je j-iJtotake 4j yad
j*
(eg.)

ad-d. tiller;

SjjjUJ]

all

to-

gether, one

all, all

without exception

dagr attack, assault


(eg.,

*jj difftya
straight;
'ja do/i'a
feel

(eg.)

loose woolen cloak

'iSji'i

dttgri

syr.)

direct,

a and
II

dafu'a

to be

wann; to
(*

atraight ahead

warm
V,

and IV to warm, heat


tiil

s.th.)

Vm

iddafa'a

and X to

Ji IV

LJjJI

cUjI adgakti
feil

id-duny

it

warm o.s.

became dark, twight


^ftcj dagaJf

j
*,jj

d/'

wannth, warmness, heat

darkness, dusk, twight


do/F and jj da/t*
,

warm
warm

<lj dagiSa darkness, dnsk

jT da/'n 9
(

f.

^t

da/*

_r

*Pi dagifa a (daga#) to be chock-full, on

the point of bursting


i^ilj dgifa
pl.

Uj difa heating
U\is

ijapIp dawflift knee-

dafaa wannth, warmness, heat


pl. -df

pan, kneecap, patella

La daffya

stove

285

e"
or
*->

lix.

midfa

and

slix

midfa'a

pl.

jlj-

s.o., Jl

or J to),

make

s.o.

(*->

or

mai/i' a stove, heating stove


ijj"

do
(Le

s.th. (Jl or J); to

hand over, present,


s.th.

to^'a heating, generation of heat


pl. j-'j dafdtir*

turn over (J or Jl *

to s.o.); to pay

tamanan a

prioe, Jl or

J to

s.o.)
|

j^^ daftar

booklet ; notebook,
Journal;
ledger
|

Jl

Um^

(hifhu) to

wend

one's

way

copybook;

daybook,

to III to resist, withstand


offer resistance
(*,
je

( s.o.,

* s.th.),

(com.); roster, register, offioial register

to); to contradict,

ijL^-

jis

(kisbi)

account book; batik-

oppose

s.o.,

so as to

make him
( s.o., je-

book, passbook; obUJ^l Ji> d.al-^ibt


letter
file,

abstain from

s.th.),

dissuade

letter book, folder, portfolio;

from); to auppresB {* s.th.); to defend


(je s.o., B.th.), uphold
(je-

iy^l

Jii pubhcation setting forth the

s.th.);
(je-

to be
s.th.,

terms of a purchase, the conditions of a


leaee, the stipulations of

entmsted with the defense


of
s.o., also jur.)
off,

of

a contract, or

to dash forward; to

the like; IJIjU^I jth subscription booklet;


jj-iwaJl
i*_l
LI

dart

rush off; to pour forth, flow,

Jii

d.

a^-pund^ cashbook (com.);

stream, gush forth (water) ; to spring up,

joj cadastre, land register; joj

make

itself feit

(an idea, a social tend-

<~*Jl d.
j-'UJl

al-yaumiya diary, Journal;


ad-d.

jJL.

ency, and the like) VI to shove or push

mask

bookkeeping

one another; to push or shove one another

away

or aside; to push
issue

off,

shove

ijUj-i daflarkna archives,

pubHc

rec-

off (je- from); to

in intermittent

ords Office (Eg.)


d.

i jLull ihl^M U-JUj

bursts

gush

forth

intermittently ;

to

al-amlk al-'aqriya land-registry office

buret forth, rush out, sally (j* from); to

(Tun.)
Li^iij difieriy diphtheria

be

propelled,

be

driven

forward
off*,

to
off;

storm forward VII to dart

rush

jz

dafara to push, push back


dafira

( s.o.);

to

proeeod

rashly,

blindly,

without
be

forethought; to be too impetuous,

(dafar) to stink

too hotheaded; to plunge headlong (j


into s.th.); to rush, dart,
s.th.),

jti dafar stench


jti dafir stinking, fetid

make

(Jl

at
off,

pounce
off,

(Jl

on

s.th.); to

rush

hurry

go quickly

(Jl to;

with

foll.

^Jj dafasa

to hide (* s.th.); to

push

imperf.: to do s.th.); to give o.s. (J to


s.o.);

to

burst

forth,

gush out, pour

Jj dafa'a a (daf) to push; to push away, shove away, puBh back, drive back, repel,
remove, dislodge, drive away (je
s.o., *,

forth, spurt, spout, flow,

run (j* from;

water); to let

o.s.

be carried away or be
B.th., e.g.,

overcome
Sahawtihi
jjtJ- *\jj

(*\jj

by

^j_j+- *\jj

s.th.

from); LjU-

4*j
s.o.

(jniban)

to

by

one'

bodily

appetites,

push, shove, or elbow,


(*-j

aside; to rid

by one*s feehngs,
imperf.: to

i*-LJl Ijj

by

je

o.a.,

* of s.th.), get rid of s.th.;


(*,

worldly things) ; to proeeed, Bet out, begin


(with
to
foll.

to get the better

of

b.o.,

of s.th.),
* s.th.);
reject,

do

s.th.)

to try

conquer, maater control


to
fight
(i->

( s.o.,

ward
ii

off or stave off (* B.th.,

by)

s.th.

with);

to

repudiate

{*

s.th.);

to

rebut,

refute,

daf pushing back, shoving aside;


off,

disprove (* B.th.); to propel, drive (*


s.th.); to

repulsion, driving away, driving off; dis-

move, cause, urge, impel, egg


(

pelhng; parrying, warding

staving off;

on, goad

or

^ s.o.,

Jl or

J to do

s.th.),
(

repulse, rejectiou, repudiation; rebuttal;

induce, incite, force, compel, oblige

handing over, turning in; payment

C"
i**j

286

daf'a

(n. vic.)

pl. dafa't

shove,

eruption; elan, dash, impetuosity, rashness,

push, thrust; impetus, impact,

momenpl.

hotheadedness,

fire,
;

exuberance,
Ltajl

tum,

forceful impulae, drive; ejaculation;

effusiveness;

Belf-abandon

tn-

paymen t ;

deposit ;

disbursement

dif'an spontaneously

issuea (stock
l*ij

market)
pl.

UUjjI

indif'a (n. vic.)

sudden

out-

duf'a

dufu'l,

dufat

that

burst, outbreak (e.g., of wailing)

gush, a spurt,

which issues at any one time, a burst, a and the like; time, in|

Jlj

dfi* repellent,

expellant; driving

atance
time,
feil

Ia*-\j

i*o (duf'atan)

pushing, giving impetus, incentive, im


pellent, propelling, propulsive. etc.; re
peller; payer, e.g., i_Jl^iJ|

all

at one

all

at once, in one Btroke, in


this time;

one

awoop; WaJl

oUii

c
at

^Jlj the tax


incentive
Jl-b

six timea;

ojUu

oLb J* (mutafwita)

payers;
impulse, (with

(pl.

Jlp

dawfi'*)

impetus,
genit.)

spur,

different times
foll.

motive;

motivated by..., by

jij dajf'

propelling, impelling, giv-

reason of

...,

on the strength of ...

ing impetua;
.u

piston (techn.)
pl.

oUJa.
gun,

madf't payments
s.o.,

midfa'
|

JIa.

madfi' 2

cannon
wwwwuJ)
(ra&$&)

or^ll

*Ju JI.U (6o'tda/ ai-

JIa. muHfi' defender (j* of

of

B.th.)

Iong-range

guns;

^lUj

Ja.
j#'-u

machine

gun;

<*^

Jij dafaqa u

{dafq)

to pour
{dafq,

(dakma)

heavy

artlery;

SjLI

#1x11

forth (* B.th.);

out,

pour

j Jj dufq) to

oljTUJ (mudadda) or

ol/LU

ojULl Jhil

be shed; to flow, well out, spout, guah


forth; to overflow
(*

(mu^tima) anti-aircraft guns; J^tf Ja.

with

s.th.)

to

O ol_/UJ jLi. (*wJ/t, mu<idd) three-barreled anti-aircraft

gun

(mil.)

jjU Ja. m.

pour forth, spout forth, gush forth; to rush in; to break forth, break out, burst
out; to go off (shot); to plunge blindly
(jr Jl into s.th.); to rush

humn mortar; ^Ul Ja.


az-zuhr marking of exact

darb m. noon by cannon


<->_,*

shot
,j*iA.

to crowd
midfa'i gun-. cannon-, artillery-

(J* into) VII

(J* against);

dafq pouring out, effuBion


pl.
|

Compounds); artilleryman, gunner, cannoneer


(in
i-*j-

Uij dufqa

dufuqt, dufaqt, dufqt


ju-j.

=
Lil

i*ij

duf'a

iijj
d.

(dufqatan)

midfa'iya artlery
dif'

Ij*-\j

iJj;

j\ oUij

ar-rih gusts;

j
s.th.,

protection; defense
|

(^
IJ

of

^ am* gush of water


bursting
forth,

of B.o. , also jur.)

*UaII J**-

o# od-d.
Sfi-

jj daffq

darting

line of defense;
^LjaJI

halfbacks (soccer);

out, rushing out


JaI tadaffuq outpour, outflow, issae,
effluence,
efflux,

majlis ad-d. defense Council;

lj\jj

UaII ministry of defense,


JiyJl

war miniatry;
defense;

effusion;

aII

(uw^ant)

influx,

national

run,

olj-'UJi jLiil jJI

(mu4dd) anti-aircraft

rush, inniah, inpour; outbreak, outburst;

defense;
jjpUj
IjJIa.

^jt

impulsiveness ; exuberance, effusivenesa


j-Uj legitimate self-defenBe Jilj

d*'/'i

defensive, protective
forth,
s.th.)

dfiq pl. jjlji

dawfiq* bursting

breaklng out, erupting; gushing,

mudfa'a defense (j* of


-(

torrential
t^i-Lu

UajI indif* pl.

ruBh(ing), plunging,

mutadafliq impulsive; exuberant,

plunge

(j

into);

outhurst,

outbreak,

effusive

J^
Jij difl oleander (Nerium oleander L.;
bot.)

(bahi) to investigate carefully; ^kJI jji

(nazara) to watch attentively or carefully,

dafana
{ s.o.);

(dafn) to bury, inter,

inhume

scrutinize,
51- ^1.1

examine

closely <j s.th.); jjj

to bide, conceal, keep secret (*

(mvlhazata)

to observe closely

e.th.)

III to deal scrupulously (

with

s.o.)

IV to

jii dafn burial, interment, inhumation


,>ii

make
*ip

fine,

make

thin {* s.th.) VII to be


|

crushed, brayed, pounded; to be broken


dafin pl.
Uij

dufan' 2

buried,

j^jl

('unquh)

he broke his neck


fine

interred; hidden, secret


i-ii

X
daf'in 2 bidden

to be or
iji

beoome thin or

daflna pl.

^Ui

daqq crushing, bruising,


pulverization,

braying,

treaaure, treasure-trove

pounding;
pl.
,jilx.

trituration;

,y-U madfan,
ffuu2/in 3

-u madjana

grinding (down); beat(ing), throb(bing);


bang(ing),
too(ing)
|

burying place, burial ground,

knook(ing),
fj*j)?\

rap(ping) ;

tat-

cemetery

ji

d. al-jaraa

peal, ringd.

ing,

sound of a

bell; .iLJ-l

ja

al-hanak

see

jj
i

chatter, prattle

ji io^jtz
frail;

(i diqqa) to be thin, fine, fragile,


little,

ja diqq

fine,

thin;

little,

small, tiny,
|

to be

small, tiny, minute;

minute; delicate,

fragile, frail

ja

j&
Jt

to be subtle, delicate ; to be insignificant,

iajar) shrubbery, brush, scrub; joJI

unimportant,
be too
fine,

trifling,

inconsiderable ; to

humm

d-d. hectic fever


(n. vic.) pl. -t

too subtle (j* for perception)


to
crush,
bruise,

u
;

a daqqa
elock);

bang, knock,

(daqq)

bray

(* (*

rap; beat, throb; stroke, striking (of a

s.th.)

to

grind,

pulverize,

powder

hammer,
{

hammering
,_-UJI

sound;
d. al-qalb

s.tb.); to

pound

{* s.th., e.g., meat); to

thumping, thump

stnke (clock); to beat, throb (heart); to

oa
call,

hammer, throb
bang
(*-jUI

heartbeata; ^v4-l a
ring,

d. al-jaraa

peal, or

(engine); to knock, rap,

of a

bell;

telephone

ring

al-bba

on the

door);

to

bump

{iwU-Li <~!j

rasah
wall);

bi-l-haif one's

a diqqa thinness;
tininess,

finenesB; smallness,
;

bead against the


nail); to

to drive (* a

minuteness

triviality,

petti.

ram

in, drive in (constr. eng.);

ness,

paltriness ;
critical

subtlety,

subtleness,
State,

to beat, strum, play (J* a muBical instrument); to type (J* on a typewriter); to sound, resound, ring out (said of

finesse ;

or

precarious

delicate Situation;

accuracy, exactness.
|

exactitude, precision
curately,
precisely,

5jJj

exactly,

aa a

musical instrumenta)
|

cr

yi-l

jj (jarasa)
(;'.

minutely,

painS'

to ring the bell; ^U-'l

^-^

al-kafar)

takingly, meticulously, sharply ; jj*i)l

to sound the alarm; J* cr yi-l ja to call s.o. up, give s.o. a ring; ^A-l -i (jarasu)

acuteness

of

feeling,

sensitivity,

sen-

sitiveness, sensibity

the bell rang;


II

ie-1

11

cJi the clock Struck


reduce
to to bo precise, exact,

duqqa

pl.

jia

dugag

fine

dust;

to

triturate,
{*
s.th.);

pulverize,

powder
jtfa

powder
strict,

meticulous, painstaking, proceed


or

duqq crushed, brayed, or pulver-

with utmost accuracy


s.th.)
;

care

ized, substance;

(j

in

powder;

flour of lupine

to

scrutinize,
(*

examine
s.th.);
j

closely,

jJa daqiq
fine,

pl.

jtfa diqg,
frail,

al

adiqqa

determine exactly
s.th.) carefully,

to do

(*

thin; delicate,
tiny,

fragile; little,
;

with precision

*J1 jii

small,

puny,

minute

subtle

<*>

288

paltry, petty, trifling, trivial; precise, ac

*ii daqi'a

a (daqa

t )

to grovel, cringe; to be

curate,

exact;

painstaking, scrupuloua,
strict,

miserable, wretched, humble, abject; to


live in
( s.o.;

meticuloua; inexorable, relentless,


rigorous;
delicate
(Situation),

poverty IV do. to make miserable


;

critical,

poverty)

trying, seriouB, precarious ;

flour,

meal
strict,

f-Uol idq'

masa poverty

i_jLXI

jJi keeping
r* <fN

strict

account,

j.u

mudqi* miserable, wretched; de-

relentlesa, inexorable; jj*li\

Jjj

sensi-

tive;

of delicate

JJi d. ap-an' workmanship

finely worked,
;

grading, abasing (poverty)

^kJ!

Jjj

d.

an-nazar clear-sighted, penetrating, dia


cerning, sensitive; jJ-i
fly; UJaJI
dJLij

Jjj daqal maat (of a ahip); mainmast; (coli.; n. un. S) a brand of dates of good quality
(magr.)
x

y\ ab

d.

butter-

L^l

(a'd') the genitals

ib dakka u (dakk) to make nat,

level or

daqiqa pl. Jjlii daq'iq 2 particle;


intricacy ;
|

even. to smooth, level, ram, stamp,


(a earth,

tamp

nicety ;

detail,

particular

the ground, a road); to presa


;

minute (time unit)

j_^V' jJl the niceimplications of

down, weigh down to beat down to dev;

ties, intricacies, or secret

astate, demolish, destroy, ruin (* a.th.)


II

things

to

mix, mingle (*

s.th.)

VII to be

Jl daqqq

grinder,

crusher ;

flour

cruahed; to be leveled
iii

merchant; frequently or constantly beating, striking, etc.; player of

dakk

pl.

ii^j dukk

level

ground;

an instru-

devastation, demolition, destruction


S*j

ment

i*L- repeater (watch)

dakka

pl, -t

rubblestone, crushed

UL*j

daqqqa

knocker,

rapper (of a

rock; hallast
iS*j

door)
Jii adaqq 2 finer;
tinier;

dikka

pl. iJS'j

dikak bench

more

delicate; smaller,

Otfj

dukkn
shop

pl.

j^STa dakkin 2 bench;

more accurate,
midaqq beetle;
footpath
pl.

preciser; stricter
stre,

ja*

pounder,

pestle;
(jrfSj
rfujfcjtnj'i

storekeeper,

shop-

(eg.) trail,

keeper, retailer
JI.U

Sj-U

midaqqa

madqq 2 poundj.u

midakk

pl. -f

ramrod;

tamper

er, peatle; beetle; clapper,

tongue (of a

rammer
a

bell)

jJ-iJ tadqiq accuracy, precision, exact-

iJi II

to provide (* trousers) with a waistor tikka)

ness, exactitude

J-Jj exactly, precisely,

band (dikka
S^ dikka

accurately, minutely
JJ.U

(=

<SLj tikka)

waistband

(in

mudaqqiq exact, accurate

(acholar),

the upper seam of trousers)


iij^lj^i dikttriya dictatorship
tSjjJl^A dtWirt dictatorial

thorough (investigator), painstaking, metieulouB, strict, relentlesa

jj.u
Sylj

mudaqqaq
pl.

precise, exact (data)

V^i

du&ur

pl.

S^'Si

daktira

doctor
;

dqira
;

_^\ji

dawqir2
for

elay vessel

(tun.)

J^ii-I

stipend

underprivileged

JiJI
I;

j jj^i doctor of law, LL.D. jj'* j (Jtfcft) doctor of medicine, M.D.


|

students (tun.)
(_j-13j>

j^j dwiini doctorate, doctorship,


'\jjjS\

daqSm

(eg.)

rubblestone,

crushed

doctor's degree, title of doctor

rock; brickbats, gravel

honarary doctorate iJiJ\ (fakriya)

; ; ;

289

jj*

iddakara see ^Sj


(It. decreio)

coffee

(among Syrian nomads and in


parts of Saudi Arabia)
dall

yij'*

dilerit pl.

ob/j
pl.

some
decree

JVi
jTil odfcan',
f.

coquetry,

coquettiHhness

LTi

dajfcn""

jT dufcn

pampering, coddling, spoiling

blackish, dark (color)

JJj
j^Ij
<fdjfcn

dalxl pl. Uil

adilla,

Jfti
of

dal'il*,

dark, dark-colored

^r-*-'

"i/al

adiUd' s

(the
;

latter

persona)

^Tlj dark green;

^Ij

^L*l yellowish, of

indication ( J* of ) sign, token ;


proof, evidence

symptom

a dingy yellow, mud-colored


"lfi aee
1

iij

(J* of); guide; tourist guide, cicerone; pilot (of a ship, of an


airplane)
;

guidebook,
; ,

guide

manual,

Jj datta u

(iJV-J

dalla) to show,

demons trte,

handbook directory telephone directory


railroad
(teckn.);

point out (J*

to s.o. s.th.); to lead,

guide,
roller

timetable ;

guide

rail

guide, direct, conduct (Jl or J* s.o. to), show s.o. () the way (Jl or J* to); to

path
*\i\

(in steel

conetruc-

tion)
for,

J*

JJaJl

to furnish the proof

show, indicate, mark (J*

s.th.); to

point

demonstrate, prove s.th.; j^U JJi


circumstantial evidence; Uli

(J* to s.th.), evince, indicate, denote, imply, bespoak, suggest (J* s.th.), be
indicative,

(zarfi)

JJi

cogent proof, conclusive evidence

be

suggestive

(J*

of);

to

furnish

evidence

(J* s.th.);

(J* for

s.th.),

prove

JVi dal
middleman,

auctioneer; broker, Jobber,


agent,

commission

mer-

(Ist pers. perf. dalaltu) i

(JV-i dail) to
(of

be coquettish,

flirt,

dally

chant; hawker
J^i dalla
pl. -t

a woman; J* with

s.o.) II to

prove

pointing; guidance;
indication (J* of);

(J* s.th.), furnish confirm, corroborate


to seil or put

the proof (J* for), (.- J* s.th. with);

leading, leadership;
sign, token; sense,
*J
*il

meaning
public
sale

up

at auction, auction off

dilla

auction,

(J*

B.th.);

to pamper, coddle, spoil (


(

business

of

broker or
;

middleman

s.o.); to

fondle, caress, pet

a child)

brokerage commission
Jobber or agent

trade of a dealer,

IV to
s.o.);
(<-

make

free, take liberties


o.s.
(.-

to pride

(J* with on), be conceited

V to be coquettish, flirt, dally (of woman; J* with s.o.); to be coy,


of )
liberties

U^

.1

daUla

middlewoman,

woman

broker
Jjl adalP proving
s.th.),

behave affectedly; to take


with
s.o.);

(J#

more cogently (J*


(dalilin)

to pamper, coddle (J* s.o.) to ask to be shown (J* s.th.); to seek


o.s.

more indicative or Buggestive (J*


J* J^ J
of,

the

surest

(J* about); to obtain information; to be informed (J*


Information, inform

evidence

the best proof of

JJjJ

iadlll reasoning,

argumentation,

about) ; to be guided
in

(.-

by), act or prooeed

acoordance with

(<-);

to

conclude,

from), gather, infer (J* s.th., .- or draw conclusions (i_j or j- from, J* with or ,> by) regard to), judge (J* s.th.,

demonstration; proving (J* of), furnish ing of proof or evidence (J* for); corroboration, subsbantiation, confinnation

pampering, coddling, spoiling; fondling,


petting, caressing; pet form (of a

name)
|

Li*

doli

proper,

dignined

conduct

JJi=JI

~.\
. .

pet name; ,> ">U

JJ

as a pet

coquetry, flirtation
<!:>

form of
dill

daa

pl.

J^i

pot with long

JJOj tadaul coquetry, coquettishneas

curved spout and handle used for making

pampering, coddling, spoiling

200

JV-tJ
tion,

istidli

reasoning, argumentaconclusion,
infer-

out,

hang out,

loll

(tongue); to dart out,

demonstration ;

lick out, leap out, flare

up

fflame),

break

ence, deduction; proof, evidence (Je of)


<!
1

out

(fire)

to

be

pampered,

spoiled

dlla

familiarity,

chumminess
with
s.o.);

(child)

liberty

(that

one

takes

^Jj daT:

^JjJl

_J

um

ad-d. pet
I)

name

audacity, boldness
J^J-U madll proven;
ing, aense
|

f-V^ dall' (coli.; n. un.


(pl. -i)

watermelon

mean-

(magr.)

oUjl

oVjJ-U m. al-kalimt

lexical

meanings

UIj dilgn clay


.JJj dalafa
i

JJ-U mtidaUal pampered, spoiled (child)

(dalf,

J>Ji dulf, jLib dalafn)

to walk with short steps, toddle; to go

J-U mudill preaumptuous, arrogant


*-uLj

or walk slowly, saunter, stroll (Jl to); to advance

Ja.

(bi-nafsihl)

conceited,

seif-

(Je

toward); to approach
s.o.

important
'Ja dtdb plane tree, sycamore
(bot.)

step by step (Jl

or s.th.); to pene-

trate, reach (Jl as far as); to grope (Jl


for,

of the hand); to leak, drip, trickle

VV/-

pl- <-r=J!p

Ib U P alphabetically

(water)

Nile Delta,

Lower Egypt

-I J dlif pl. Jl \j*

dawlif 3 ricochet

(mil.)

s IV to set out at nightfall

^iii dulfin

pl.

^jVj
spl,

daJfin 7 dolphin

r^i

dalh

pl. A-j <JuJuA

moisture-laden cloud
jjj dalaqa

u to

pour out

(>

a liquid)

JjJi daldala to set into a swinging motion,

VII to be spilled (liquid)

dangle

II

tadaldala

to

hang

loosely,

Jli dalaka u
{* s.th.),

{dalle)

to rub (* s.th.); to stroke

d angle
JaJj dvidid
(zooj.)

pass the hand (* over s.th.); to

and

JjJJj duldl porcupine

knead (^*N the dough);


dulk) to set, go
s.th.,
*

(*

(i]jii

down

(sun) II to

rub

(*

s.o.),

embrocate
( s.o.)

s.th.);

to

,jJj

II

to swindle, cheat;
falaify

to
III
(

counterfeit,

knead; to massage

forge,

(*

s.th.)

to deceive,

defraud

{ s.o.),

impose

on)

dlj dalk rubbing; grazing,


touching, touch

brushing,

(J^IaJ tadtis deceit, fraud; swindle


iJjJj

dalk liniment
dvik,

^-Jaj
(jJ-L*

tadlisi fraudulent
iJjJj

u~~ll\

iljii

d.

aS-Sams

mudaas

foxged,

counterfeit

snnset
.iiJij tadtik

*-Ja* j^Ju connterfeit

money; ^Jo- r^Li.

embrocation; massage
pl. -l

forged keys

iW-U mudaika
gla iafa'a

masseuse
( s.o.)

(daT) with

*SU

lisnah: to
loll,

stiok out one' tongue; to

let

the
(

*Ij II

to rob

s.o. ()

of his senses, drive

tongue hang out

II

to pamper, spoil
(

crazy (love) V to go out of one's mind,

a child); to caress, fondle, pet

s.o.)

go crazy (with love)

u>-

c-iiS (hubbihi)

IV

(J

Jd\

^J-b

(eg.)

a nauaeating, dis-

she has fallen in love with him


-Jj*

gusting thing VII to stick out, be stuck

mvdallah madly in love

291

r
b
l

li IT idlahamma to be dark, gloomy;


deep-black

to be

look up alphabetically

**

dam
cases

pl.

Co d\ma
\

blood; Li homioide
<o
d.

-Ij

dalham dark, gloomy; deep-black


idlihmm a deep block

(jur.)

^j-^
(a

al-akawain
resinous

fLA.il

dragon's

blood

dark-red,

la* mwttaAtmm dark, gloomy; deepblack


jjj II to let hang, dangle (* s.th.);

substance derived from the dragon tree,

Dracaena draco)
to hang,
i/a

dami

blood-

(in

Compounds),

suspend

{* s.th.); to lower (* s.th.); to


fall

sanguine
,4^.}

drop, let down, let

down

(* s.th.)

damaivi blood-

(in

Compounds),

IV

=
;

II;

to cast

down

{* glances, Jl

on
a

sanguine; aanguinary, bloody


Ai

s.o.)

to let one's glance {ajUL bi-anzriki)


utter, voice

Bweep down; to express,


s.th.,
e.g.,

damma u (dmm)
(l-j

to coat, smear, besmear

(*-

aAj bi-ra*yihi one's opinion)

a s.th. with); to paint, daub, color,

to deliver,
pol.); to

make

{f:j-*z>,

a Statement;

dye, tinge, tint

(^

* s.th. with) II to rub,


(ij

adduce, present, advance, offer

embrocate, anoint
(O

s.th.

with)

(*j**

bi-hujjatin

an

argument);
(>->

to

dmm

ointment,

unguent, salve,

inform, notify, advise


(Jl
s.o.)
(<-*>

Jl s.o. of), let

liniment, embrocation; paint; pigment,

know

(^t

about);

to

offer,

dye, dyestuff; rouge

present
(J

Jl to s.o. s.th.);

to grant, give
to Blander,

aIo dimm ointment, unguent, salve,


liniment, embrocation; paint; pigment,

j4* an interview to
s.o.)
|

s.o.);
V-dl

defame, asperse (j
(daiwah,
dilti*)

JU J* JjI
to

dye, dyestuff; rouge

or

"Voll

j j$x> J.il
in one's

make
bits'

one's oontribution (together with others),

damim

pl.

aIo dimm ugly; de|

add one's touch, put

two

formed, mifishapen

li^l **o d. al-kqa

worth V to hang down, be Buspended,


dangle (,y from); to be lowered, be let down; to be or become low; to sink, descend i^Jl J-C to threaten to
|

ugly to look at, of repulsive appearance


1.L.J

damma

ugliness;

ugly appear-

ance; abominableness, monstrosity


A.jJI

fall

down,
in

ad-dammm

Dammam

(seapott

be ready to

fall
f.,

Saudi Arabia, on the Persian Gulf


(HjUa

jis dalw usually


dila,
pail;

pl.

J-il

adlin,

"V-i

yd adla
Aquarius

leather bcket; bcket,


{astron.)

*..!

damuta u

damta) to be gentle,
II

mild (character)
s.th.)

to soften, mellow {*

4j^j daya pendant


."VjI

idl'

delivery

(of

a Statement);

i*.j damit pl. ^jL.j dimt: j^U-'Vl

i-J

utterance, Statement ; presentation ; grant-

gentle, mild-tempered

ing
JIj

olo
dliya pl.
Jljj

damta

mildness,

gentlenesa,

dawlin

water-

tenderness (of character)

wheel

<for irrigation); trellia, espalier

on

which

grapevines

are

trained;

varix,

s.th.),

damaja u (pj-J dumj) to enter (j go or come into (j), be inserted,


in)

varicose vein
Jui*

incorporated (j

II

to

write

short-

mutadallin

pendent, suspended,
projecting,

hand IV to twist
(a
s.th.);

tightly,

twine firmly

hanging,

dangling ;
fall

over-

to enter, insert, include, in-

hanging, ready to

down

corporate,

embody

(j

s.th.

in);

to

E
introduoe, interpolate, intercalate <j
s.th. in)
;

292

i$j>j*

dmari

jj-JJ V) nobody,

to annex

* s.th. to)

VH to

oe

no one, not a living soul


^Oj

inserted, be incorporated (j in); to

be
tadmur*, usually pronounced tudmur,
city in

annexed (j

to); to

merge (j with), be

Palmyra (ancient
small village)
iSj+JJ

Syria,

now a

awallowed up, be absorbed (j by); to

be fused, fuse,

amalgamate
iadmuri,
usually

pronounced

aJ
- La
I

tadmij shorthand, stenography

tvdmuri,

someone, somebody; tSj*^ V

idmj insertion
inolusion

incorporation

nobody, no one t not a living soul


_r

Interpolation;
ilation
r-L.Ajl

(j in);

assim-

^i damasa
B.th.);

to hide, conceal, disguise (*

to bury
II do.
(eg.)

(^jVI

s.o.

in the

indimj incorporation, insertion

ground)
I

(j in); amalgamation, merger, merging (j with); absorption (j by); annexation


(

_r

^a dims

cinders, ashes

to)

fuaion ; assimilation
firm,

i-lo damsa darkness

+x*
+JI+

mudmaj

compact
compact, tight
pl- -t

^lol adma
huta

(pl.)

hovels,

shanties,

mundamij
(also

firm,

^j*}
lrfj

damms

pl.

^-*L*.i
t

damdmls 3

damajna

ULfb)

demijohn,

cave, cavern

carboy
aX*s

damdama

to mutter, grumble, growl,


(

^Ic j daims, dims, ^j* j daims riljj daymls* dungeon; vault


l

pl.

snarl
_r

^1j

dmia pitch-dark; dark, gloomy,

l*x**

damdama

pl.

-t

growl,

snarl;

dusky
tr- i* Jji fl

rumbling noiae, rumble


lj*s

mvdammaa stewed beans

damara u to

perish, be ruined, be de-

stroyed II to annihilate, destroy, min,


demolish, wreck (*
stroyed,
s.th.)

j+i dimo&tf, dimq* Damascus (capital of


Syria)

to be de-

demolished,

ruined,

wreoked

L-i*
asked;

mvdamSaq damascened, dam(syr.)

VII to be destroyed, be annihilated

having adopted a sophia-

tioated Btyle of living (imitating that of

jUj damr min, destruotion


j^jj tadmlr annihilation, destruction,

Damascus), urbanized
*a*

demolition
jUojl

dama'a a to water

(eye)

IV to cause to

weep, evoke tears, make (the eyes) water


indimr utter defeat, rout, deBtruction, annihilation
~t,j*X>

~o dam"
pl. -t

pl.

fj*a dum' tears


(n. un.)

mvdammira

destrpyer

i*o
(eg.)

dam'a

tear,

teardrop

dim'a gravy
tear-

(naut.)

vuj dam'i: i~**a <JLi (qunbula)

jj^j

dammr

(eg.)

coarse

calico-like

gas

bomb
*-*.!

fabrio

tSjj**

dammri

{eg.)

made

of

dammr

lui dami'a and

daml'

pl.

^ywJ

dam'd, joUa dam'i' 1 readily inclined to

(see above)

weep, frequently weeping, tearful, lachflood season of the Nile

Kj^i damlra

(eg.)

rymose (woman)

k.

9ys damu and flo damm'


watery, tearful (eyes)

watering,

tumor,

ulcer ;

f uruncle ;

bubo,

plague

boil; inveterate evil

uXt madma'
rymal canal

pl.

I.U

madmi ri

lach-

J* j oy. U> plague

fan

dummatt

bubonio

'j damaya a to
to

refute,

invalidate

(*

pL dumluj pl. lo damlij'


l

bracelet, bangle

falsehood, an error, a false accusation);

triumph

(*

over falsehood; said of

j*i

damana u (damn)
(*

to fertilize, manure,

truth)
f-Lj

dng
dimg
~<J?

the

soil)

IV to give
o.a.

o.a.

up,

pl. lk*i\

admiga brain

(J* or * to), go in for (Jp or *); to be addicted (J* e.g., to

devote

o.a.,

apply

iiJi

kujja
jl+i

dmiga cogent argu(laAa)


irrefu table

Hquor)
j*^ dimn
fertilizer,
(coli.
;

menta

4*b

n. un.

pl.

j-j diman

teatimony
2

manure, dng
pl.

'^*

damaga u [damg) to stamp, provide or


(* s.th.);

i-o dimno

j*i diman

vestiges or

mark with a stamp


(a

to hallmark

remnants of a dwelling, ruins

gold and silver articles); to brand (*

jlo damn

fertilizer,

manure, dng

an animal)

j damg stamping
al-ma&gt
silver articlea
oL.j

c-U^ail j
of
gold

lol idmn addiction; excees; mania;


(2.

hallmarking

and

dipsomania
alcoholism

OJ^S-JJ OUjI

i.

al-muskirt

damga stamp; hallmark


j

(on gold
d.
2

j^-U
e.g.,

mudmin

addicted, given

up (J*

and

silver articles)

4*0 3jj waraq

to wine); an addict (J* of)


see lyj

stainped paper
y_yX*

Lj durnn

madmg stamped,

bcaring

stamp
IjI^.j

j^*j damankr 2 Damanhr (city in N Egypt)


^j*^ see 1 pi
:

dimuqrti democratic; democrat

<\>\ji

dimuqr}iya democracy; demo-

t/j

damiya a
bleed
flj

to bleed II

and IV

to cause to

cratic attitude or conviction

(j--j

dimaqs raw

silk

dmin

bleeding, bloody, gory


f.

,^-o dimaq&i silken, silky


il^-x.

^x*
red
firm, tight,
B

rn.udam.Tnan,

L.u bloody; blood-

madmk and

<il*.U

mudmai

taut

i*ji

dumya

pl.

^j duman

statue, Statuette;
doli

image, effigy;

dummy;

Jo

damala u
fertilize,

(daml,

j^Li
(*

damaln)
the
soil);

manure, dng

to

to

JLo dimyt* Damietta


ji danna

(city in

N Egypt)

damila a (damal) to heal, heal up, scor


over, cicatrize (wound) VII to heal, heal

(dann,

^J^ dantn) to buzz, hum

up,

scar

over,

cicatrize
(sore)

(wound)

(inaect); to

drone

fester,

suppurate

dann and

^j

danin

buzz(ing),

J*i dummal (n. un. *) pl. J*lo dam* mii*, Jlo dammiP abscess, boil, sore,

hum(ming), droning, drone


j dann
pl. li.

dinn earthen wine jag

llj

294

\ji

danaa a and
Ijj

JJj danu'a

(*'j*

dun

a,

ijajj

danaf long
(med.)
mttdnif,

illness;

cachexia,

tfcw'a) to

be low, mean, base,

vile,

marasmus
Ju.u

contemptible, despicable

mudnaf

emaciated,

Ji dani
low, base,

pl. UjI

adniy' 2 .UjI adn'


,

haggard, weak
look up alphabetically

mean,

vile,

despicable,

conJh'-s

temptible; inferior, second-rate, of poor


quality

<UJj
UjI adna' 2 lower, viler,
inferior, of
J.Uj

dunqula Dongola (town in

N Sudan,

meaner; more

on the Nile)

poorer quality

dan'a lowness, basenesa, meaniJjXi


lace,

ness, vileness; inferiority

danmark 2 Denmark
U-i)
Ij->

^Ji, kjj (Fr.

dentelle) dantilla

lace-

(jji

and

(Jana

(_jjj

dunw, yUi dan*


approach
close, get

work

wa) to be near, be close; to come or go


near
s.o.

or s.th.

J^j

dinjil (eg.) pl. J>-Uj danjil 2 axle, axle-

j* or Jl or

J),

tree

((>' J' J 8 '-> -th.); to

come

close (j*, Jl, J to),


4-j-ijj

approximate

(j*, Jl,

(Turk. dondurnia) rfandurma ice cream


people, people of no

J s.th.); to draw near, be imminent (time,


event); j*
*j

Uj to bring

s.o.

close to ...;
*j_Uj

jUj dandiSa common


conaequence
jjjj dandana to buzz,

Jj daniya a (Uj danan,

danytz)

to be low, lowly; to be or

become mean,

hum;

to drone; to

base, vile, despicable, contemptible II to

hum
i$JLo

softly,

croon (a song); to

murmur

bring close (* s.th.,

s.o.,

j*

to),

bring,
(j*),

take or
dindl
(eg.)

move
to

{* s.th.,
(*
s.th.,

a.o.)

near

turkey

approximate
o.s.

j* to); to apply
o.s.

jLjj

pl. _tjUj

look

up

alphabetically

(j

s.th.),

buay

(j

with

s.th.),

delve (j hito); <-Ju J.i (nafsah)


o.s.,

danisa a [danaa) to be aoiled, sullied,

to lower

abse

o.s.,

humble

o.s. III

to

defiled, polluted II to stain, so, dirty,

approach
near
(,

( s.o.,

* s.th.),

befoul,

sully,

pollute,

contminate

(*

s.o. or s.th. (, *),

come or get come or get close


(*
s.th.);

s.th.); to dishonor, disgrace f* s.th.);

to

to); to

approximate

to

desecrate (* a.th.)

pass. of II

measure up
dn)

(*,

to)

JIju

V ^ (yu*
IV
to be

^j

danaa

pl. u-li.il

odna uncleanneas,
blemish, fault

an

unequaled

thing

dirt, filth, aqualor; stain,

near, be close; to approach (j^ or Jl or J


s.o.

^i dantsj.
unclean,
defiled, stained

or

a.th.),

come, go or draw near


Jl, J),

s.o.

(J-IjjI

adna, lij dunaa' 2


foul,

or s.th. (j,
(j*
s.th., J'>

come

close, get cloae

soiled,

sullied,

polluted,

to); to bring close ( s.o.,

j* to), bring, take or


(,>),

move

( s.o.,

,^-wJJ tadnis pollution, defilement, so-

* s.th.) near
jf*

approximate

(* s.th.,

ing,

sullying,

contamination; dishonor

to); to lower,

drop

(* s.th., e.g.,

the

ing, disgracing; deaecration, profanation

veil)

to approach gradually (Jl s.th.

or s.o.); to be debased, sink low, sink,


*JJj

danija a (danaf) to

be

seriously

decline; to lower
o.s.

o.e.,

abse

o.s.,

humble
close

IV do.
*Jj danif
pl.

VI to come near each other, get

UjI adnf

seriously

ill

to each other, approach one another; to

298

J>
i$jjs dunyawi,

be olose together; to approaoh, approximate (> s.th.) VIII JjI iddan to be


near, be olose,

j jLb dunywi
earthly,

worldly,

mundane,

secular ;

temporal,

come

or

draw

near, ap-

transitory, transient
jiji

proach
try to

to wish to be nearer or closer,


cloeer; to aeek to

danwa nearness,

oloseness, prox-

oome nearer or

imity, propinquity; lowness, lowliness;

fetch or bring closer (* s.th., Jl to, to


0.8.),

meanness, baseness, viloness


*jUj

reach out (* for

s.th.),

wish

(Jl

for s.th.)

dany lowness, lowliness; mean-

ness, baseness, vileness

i dunw ad vent, approaoh ; proximity

nearness, imminence (of

an event)

Al

tadannin

sinking,
|

deoline ;
Jo=JI

low

Ievel, nadir (fig.)

J*>UVl

(akqi)

Jj daniy

pl.

Uil adniyS* near, olose;

the low level of morality, the moral


deoline

low, lowly; mean, base, vile, despioable,

contemptible, inferior, infamous, deprav-

ed
iJj daniya pl.
-t,

61 dnin low; near, close

LUi dany a base


in-

\xl*

muiadnin olose together


pl. j_y*>

quality or habit; s.th. disgraoeful,

jMi dahr

duhr, jh*\ adhur time;

famy,
Jj>l

vile aotion

long time, age, epoch; lifetime; eterL'a

adn,

f.

dunyd
pl.

pl.
f.

m.

utal

nity;

fate,

destiny

j*a)l
|

ob
j*-dl

bant

addnin, ys\
nearer,

adnauna,

Ja dunan

ad-d. blows of fate, trials, affliotions, mis-

closer ;

situated

lower

down,

fortune;

j*-Ul

JujL^S and

J>jy*

nether; lower, inferior; lowlier; smaller,

vioissitudes of fate, ohanges of fortune;


adversities, adverse

of

less

significance;

more appropriate,
|

circumstanoes;
all

jm

better suited,
(sorg) the
rib)

more

suitable
Jil/I

J.il/1

j^-ilf

^j*UH
do.;

dahra d-dhirtn for

eteraity,
ffiri d~d.
JfettUaAA)

Near East;
JujJ\

^>U
JjI

(maj* (AaM*

forever and ever; j*aJI _^T Jl ttf

Algeria;

J^

>

4^

j*ill
all

...

V
life

(od-daAra

aJ-wortd) very near or close,

imminent;

never in

one's

y^\
Lull

t-o'ill

the dosest relatives; lol j-

Jl (aqphu)

from one end to the

^j*i dahri an adherent of the dahriya,

other; wholly, entirely, completely, altogether; Ji^l


Uil
-U-l

materialistio,

atheistio

dootrine

in

(hadd) the

minimum;

Islam; atheist, freethinker

hereinafter, below (in writings, docetc.)


e.g.,

jj*j duAri very old, far advanced in


years

umenta,
qi'n)

Uil

yiji\ {muwaq*

those signed below, the under-

signed; Jjl
least,

(with

foll.

genit.)

not the

^i

daham a (= ^la)
trample
(*

to trample under-

not a single, not one


(f.

foot,

down,
s.th.);

orush
to

(*

s.th.),
(

tread

on

run

over

Lb duny
life

of Jil

odn)

world;

s.o.)

earth; this world (as opposed to S^T);


in
this

world,

worldly existence;

^i*.i

dahiSa a and pass. duHi&a to be astoniflh-

worldly, temporal things or possessions;

ed, amazed, surprised {j- or J at); to

earthly things or concems


life

L'JJl

3U-I
od-<f.

wonder, marvel (>


(,> or J by)

at);

to be baffled,

in this world;
L'all

U-dl
plil

pl

umm
d-d.

startled, puzzled, perplexed, taken


II

abaok

Cairo; U.uij

ogma

n-

and IV to astonish, amaze,

aq'adah approx.: to kick up a dust,

surprise, baffle, puzzle, perplex, startle


(. s.o.)

mhe a

stir,

move heaven and

earth

VII

dahiia

296

Jljts

dahaS perplexity, surprise, con-

prise
s.o.);

s.o.),

come unexpectedly

(a

to

stemation, alarm, dismay


^t*^ dahiS astonished,

to enter suddenly, raid, invade (a to blacken (* s.th.) III to befall,

amazed,

sur-

s.th.) II

prised; baffled, puzzled, nonplused, per-

seize, grip,
(*;

attack

(* s.o.),

come over

s.o.

plexed, startled, disconcerted, alarmed,


upset; dazed, stunned

e.g.,

sickness,

despair); to surprise,
( s.o.);

take unawares, catch red-handed


to attack suddenly
( s.o.), fall

aj

upon

s.o.

dhSa astonishment, amazement,


{*),

invade,

raid

(a

e.g.,

a house); to

surprise,

wonder; perplexity, constema-

overtake

( s.o.; fate),

catch

up with

()

tion, bafflement, bewilderment, dismay,

IX

to be black

alarm
S-*.i

^UaJl indihS astonishment, amazement; perplexity, consternation, bafflement, bewilderment


Ju>x>

duhma
adham
black,

blackness
%
,

^il

f.

l>*

dahm' 2
|

pl.

jo
<_aI.i

duhm
amazing,

deep-black

>l>^

mudhiS

astonishing,
;

(dhiya) disaster, catastrophe


*L-*-l

surprising,

marvelous

pl.

-t

amazing

ad'dahm' the masses, the com-

thing, marvels,
^fijAJ-

wonders

mon

people, the populace, also

^Ul

L*i

madhs and jlut* mundahiS


puzzled,

3-M-U

mudhama

police

raid;

house

astonished, amazed, surprised; perplexed,


baffled,

search
jJ-

nonplused,

startled;

overwhelmed
\J.>

mudhamm

very dark, pitch-dark


oil (, a s.th., s.o.,
<- <^>

dahaq Stocks (to hold the

^i
feet

of an

dahana u (dahn) to
with); to anoint

offender

by way of punishment)
fll (cup),

(, a s.th., s.o.,
(,

with);
with)
<^>

to grease, smear

a s.th., s.o.,
(,

JUi
*Uaj

dihg

brimful
dahqina,
,>jIa.i

to rub, embrocate
with); to paint,

a s.th.,

s.o.,

dihqn,

pl.

UUj

daub

(a s.th.); to

varnish

dahqin 2

man

of importance, one

who
^jIa.1

(a B.th.) II do. III to treat


( s.o.);

with gentleness
( s.o.),

plays an important role, leading personality;

to cajole, flatter

fawn

grandee

(in ancient Persia)

on
|

s.o.);

to cheat, dupe, gull, take in,


(* s.o.)

i-L-JI d. as-siysa the political leaders


il*.i

outsmart
j*
(a

pass. of I

dahaka a (dahk) to crush; to mash

dahn

oiling,

greasing;

painting,

daubing
ji duhn
pl. jlA.il

.th.)

adhn, oy>i duhn,


(edible,

ji:> II

tadahlaza to stroll about, walk about

-t,

Laj dihn oil


;

lubricating,

(in

hall)

for the skin)

fat,

grease
oil,

>Uj
way

difUiz pl. jrJUi

daAJ anteroom,
^a.1

duhni

oily,

oleic,

oleo-

(in

vestibule,
|

lobby

foyer ;

corridor,
pl. jJIaoJI

hallUjI

oompounds);
tljLiA^

fatty, greasy
fats,
oils;

>1aoJI j.1

ibn ad-d.

foundJing

duhniyt

fatty aub-

stances

Jj

difUl Delhi

Laj dahn' 2 desert


OLa^

*jo dahama a (dahm) and dahima a (daham)


to

come or descend

(*

upon

s.o.)

euddenly;

dahhn house painter, painter

to surprise, take unawares, take

by

sur-

<~*s ddhina

pomade

297

jl*j dihifpl.

-t, ii*il

adhina cosmetic
ointment,
oil;

(jj)

Jj da'

pl. *\j*\

adw' disease, malady

cream,

cold

cream,

salve,

._.WJI 1j d. at-ta'lab alopecia, loss

of the

unguent; consecrated o, anointing


paint,

hair;

^
*\i d.

'*

ar - ra( 19 St. Vitus's


elephantiasis

vamish; hypocrisy, dissimulation, (without pl.) painting, daubdeceit;

dance;

J^l k d a W*l
-

kll

al-minfaqa shingles, herpes

ing;

whitewashing

UaJJ

jj

{warSa)

zoster {med.)

paintshop
L*li*

mudhana

flattery,
;

adulation,
dis^_jjj II

sycophancy,

fawning

hypocrisy,

to wear out, wear off (> s.th.)

simulation; deceit, trickery


j*1j-

Sjbji dbra packthread, string, twine, cord,

mudhin

flatterer, adulator, syc-

rope

thread

ophant; hypocrite
j>x. mudhin oily; fatty, greasy

C^jjj dbait a rhymod


four hemistichs

poem

consisting of

j_j*i

dahwara to hurl down


to

(* s.th.); to tear

,-ji

VII to spread

down, topple, overthrow


ddhivara pass. of
I;

(* s.th.)

II ta*

rj* dauh branching trees, branches


i*-jj

fall,

tumble; to

slump,

flink;

to be dragged down, sink to

dauha

tall

tree

with

many

the loweat level jj*jJ tadahwur


fall,

branches; family
downfall; decline,
(rji)
'**-\a

tree, genealogical tablo

dha top

(child's toy)

slump
r'->

<^fca

u {dank) to conquer, subjugate

jo dahiya a (Uj dah') to be clever, smart, dah a to befall, cunning, artful, wy;

(> a country); to resign o.s.,

humble

o.s.;

to be or

become

dizzy,
ill,

have a

feeling of

overtake,
s.o.
(
;

hit,

strike

s.o.),

come over

dizziness; to feel
II

be sick, feel nausea

misfortune)

II

dah VI to

pretend to be smart or cunning


.Lj dah'

to conquer, subjugate (* a people); to make submissive, subdue, humble, humiliate, degrade


( s.o.);

to

make

( s.o.) ( s.o.);

smartness, slyness, shrewd-

dizzy; to molest, bother, trouble


to daze, stun
(
|

nesa, subtlety, cunning, craft


jsjl

adh smarter, shrewder;

craftier,

to

make

s.o.'s

aJ\j j> (ra'sah) s.o.) head go round, make s.o.

wilier

more

skillful,

subtler,

more

dizzy
i^-p dauka vertigo, dizziness;

resourceful; worse,

more calamitous
duhh smart,
wy,
sly,

coma;

Jj

dahin

pl. ;l*.>

nausea
f\* d'ik dizzy
iijjj

shrewd,

subtle,

cunning,

artful;

resourceful person

tadwik subjugation, conquest

L*b
dog

dhiya smart fellow, old fox, sly


J

jjj II

to be or become worm-eaten

LaIj dhiya pl.

*\j*
|

dawhin calamity,
Lj <-*!> (dahya)
disaster,

^jj

dd and

(coli.; n.

un.

S)

pl.

Uj

didn.
S-ij-i
|

disaster, catastrophe

worm; maggot;
j
jjLi
_>s!l

larva; caterpiilar
S-ijJ

and

1>j

i-*b
i-*lj

(dahm')

ca-

d. al-qazz
jj.i

silkworm;

tastrophe;

^yi

(fal-yadhab) let

f-yW
^jjll

.ip d. ai-qar',
ijj

{qar'%) ascarids;

him go

to hell!

d. al-qtTmiz

cochineal; ,ji\ *j*

298

d.

al-miii oheese maggots; i-L*-^l

iijil\

tapeworm
iS>ji

(afwh, asalt aX-aqlm) to be f*1ll ourrent in both the spoken and written

ddl

wormlike,

worm-shaped,

language, be in general use, be generally

venniform
jjJ-

acoepted

(e.g.,

words); IjLel JTIj Ij^i jli

madd, mudawwid wormy, worm-

(bdan, a'ydan) he had been around in the world and had Seen a lot; (cooq.) jlj
(Jl, Je to), Je with); ^"Ul o,lj calamity overtook them n to tum in a
JL.

eaten

(blah) to
(Jl,

pay attention

"D
(

ijJ-

midwad

be careful

*jX*

J J^) jl* dra

(Ajur,

ubja dawarn) to tum,


in a circle (Je,
c-.,
*_*,

circle, spin, whirl, rotate,

revolve (^, t
(*_.,

revolve, rotate,
Jj-

move

s.th.); to turn,

tum around
(*_.,

< s.th.);

around

s.th. or s.o.)! circle (Je,

to invert, reverse
Jj.

s.th.); to

make

s.th. or s.o.); to

begin to

tum

or rotate;

round, to round (e
pass around (*

s.th.); to

circulate,

to circulat; to go round,
current,

apread,

be

s.th.); to set going, set in

make the rounds

(of rumors,

etc.); to run,

be in Operation (of a ma-

chine or engine); to start running, start

s.th.); to wind (* a watch, a clock); to look, searoh (Je for s.th.) | Jj jji (ra'sah) to tum s.o. 's

motion, start

(<

around;

up (engine); to walk or go about, run to roam, rove, move about,

head,
III to

persuade

s.o.,

bring
(

s.o.

round
;

go or walk around
(. s.o.)

with

s.o.)

to

wander about, gad about; to make the


rounds
(J

try to bring
inveigle

round; to ensnare,
(. s.o.);

among

people),

turn

(. s.o.);

suc-

to try to ensnare
(> s.o.);

oessively (Je to several people); to turn,

to try to deceive

to cheat, trick

turn one's face, wheel around; to veer,


stuft,

change

ite

direction;

to change,

. s.o. out of s.th.); to get (J or away, escape, dodge, duck out IV to

take a difibrent turn, become difierent;


to

tum, revolve,
to

rotate, spin, whirl (e s.th.);

tum

(Je against

s.o.);

to have to do,
(

tum

around,

tum

(*,

s.th., Jl

Jj

deal ( J^- or Je with), treat


refer (J^. or

Sy or Je of

),

one's head toward); to direct (Je or Jl *


s.th. to,

Je
or

to),

beax

(J^

or J on),

toward), aim (Je or Jl >

s.th. at);

concem (iy-

Je

s.th.); to

take place,

to circulate, pass around ( s.th.); to


set in Operation, set going, set in motion
(e

be going on, be in progress, be under way; to be discusBed, be talked about ( ju among); to circulate, pass around (u
s.th.); to lead,
s.o.);

a machine, an apparatus); to

start,

start

up (l^l al-muharrik the motor);


e.g.,

guide or show around

(t_>

to play, play back (


tapes); to act
s.th.);

UL U\J.
drive (<

to let roam, let

wander (*^>,

4-i_*j

upon

s.th.

(.),

bi-nazarihi, bi-'ainaihi one's eyes, one's

to get under

way

(e

a Job, a

glance,

over)

jj

durl about face! to be

project); to take

up

( s.th.); to initiate

(oommand;
or

mit.); *tj jlj (ra'auh)

(e s.th.); to divert, turn


s.o., s.th.

away

(^e *,

become

dizzy,

giddy; ,^111

. jlj

from); to direct, conduct, steer,


(* s.th.),

(turnt) to trim sail,

adapt

o.s.

to the
l-harb)

manage, head, run

be in Charge

Situation;

v_^-l
it

^.j Ojlj (rdk

(e of); to revolve in one's

mind, think
|

war broke out; ,^1


(bi-na/nhi)

UU,

Ojlj

Jll
*

iijUI
*

over, ponder ( s.th., l that)


(bi-wajhihi)

Jl i^-j, _,bl

the battles that raged yesterday ;

jb

to

tum around
jlil

to

s.o.,

passed through his mind;

look back at

s.o.; *-!>

(ra'tah) to
s.o.,

Jr-WJe jb

(alaun) to

be much-discussed,

tum
s.o.

s.o.'s

head,

persuade

bring

be on evefyone's Ups; ii.->Uj .ly^l Je jlj

round; f^iji

i^ii.\ jljl to bring

J>
oonversation around to a topio, broaoh or
discuas a subjeet
al-hijra

Medina;

fbjill

j\>

d.

alaMm

V to be or become round;
do.; to oirole, rotate,

orphanage, orphans'
ijb ddra
circle;
pl. -dt

home
halo (of the moon);

to be circular

revolve, spin, turn; to turn (Jl to), faoe


(Jl s.o.); to

turn around; to

tum
(iij-

(M

oircuit;

O vla

one'a
s.th.),

head, look baok; to cirole

jjta ddri domeetio, native

walk around
j\i dir
f.,

a.th. (J>-)

jjjj
jlji diyir, oljl;J

diirl

domestio (animal); jji-

pl.

jji dir,
diyara

j jjj

('ua/'')

nd JJJ* houae sparrow


jljjl

diyrit,

h*

houae;

building,

jjj daur pl.

odtor round (of

Btructure, edifioe; habitation, dwelling,

patrol; in sports); role, part (played


s.o.

a by

abode;

reaidenoe,

home;
*i\
jIj

Beat,

aide,

or

a.th.);

film

role,

stage

role;

locality; area, region; land, oountry (esp.


pl.

periodio

ohange,

rotation,

alternation;

jU, aee below)

muaeum

(of

crop

rotation;

period;

(one'a)

tum;
(of a

antiquitiea); Jj^JI jta postoffloe;.liJI jta


d.

phaae, stage, atep, degree, Station; epoch,


age,
era;
fit,

al-baqS the etemal abode, the here-

attaok,
Story;

paroxysm
musical

after; JUI

jUI

(bdqiya) do.; die;

JUI

to paaa

away,

L^l

M Jl jW
W

disease);
sition;

floor,

compo-

number,

Single
|

Performance

(baid') Caaablanoa (seaport in

roooo);

the

White Houae
jIj

(in

MoWashhouae,

(within a program)

i-i-'j jj'

(""
finals

taaalaul) vioious oirole, oiroulus vitiosus;

ington);

!jl~dl

eommereial
->'*

Jl^
term yjl

jjj

(niM'J)

final

round,

busineaa houae; v.A'


zone,

**

a*-^af* war

(othUi.); jliJ"VI jjJ d.


(pari.); d.

oi-miqid Session,
(auranJ) or

enemy

territory

(Isl.

Law: nonjIj

JjVI jjJll

jjj

Muslim
SjIaJI
:-LI
II

eountriea);

i Ij^JI

eat

of

at-bufila leading role, starring

the Chief ezeoutive of a oountry; jla


d.

role; j.rt fl or bjJ

(la'iba)

to play

o*-ja'dda Conatantinople;

jla

a part or role;
floor, flrst floor;
I

&ij jji
j

(ardl)
it

ground

d. os-salfai

Conatantinople (deaI);

jj OK"

was

bis

tum;

ignation before
d.

World War

fiJ\ jli

jjJI

it ia

his

tum; jj>b
ijjJb (_>)

(Ul) I for one,'

at-talm

paradiae,

heaven; epithet

(I) for

my part,
daura

he in tum, (he)

of Baghdad; Dar ea Salaam (aeaport and eapital of Tanganyika Territory);


U*_jl

for his part; jjJl; altemately,


ijji
pl.

by tum

-it

tum,

revolution,
oyole;

jji
d.

oinemas,
ai-hirfa

movie housea; jla


police
Station;

gyration,
cirouit;

rotation;

oiroulation;

IU/II

jIj
_>Ij

round, patrol; prooeasion {Chr.);


tour (in general, of an artist

_JI
(pinf)

or

itbJI

jb

araenal;

round

trip;

;J
Ijl^l

cinnamon; Vj-"" ->'* ^* _,lj d. at-riUu mint


jIjJI

4^^
f>Jl
Lll

ftnd

(building);

or performer); de tour; period (O 1 ei.); Session (of parliament); oourse (of


instruotion)
(r.,

('irdqiya)

Iraq;

jIj

yr.)

'uj^

j.r'H

(**
j^ll
"'J-^

name

of a College in Cairo;
(aa

al-fan'

oppoeed to

.lijl

Ji d. jh aee

mawfya) blood
(jawwiya)
air
-

oiroulation;

**ji-\

oiroulation;

JW>-'

above) the temporal world, thia World;


Lj)l jl j d. al-gad*

11

(JJ^f) d

V , a,

((oj'wui) or-fulio

oourt of juBtioe, tribu-

offloen'
sl>j

training

oourse

(m. r

Syr.);
jjj

nal; ^^-ll
jji\

jb

d. oi-hrfui publio

Ubrary;

jji

d.

oMoau> amuaement Centers;

^o^

bj> {tirfiya) crop rottion; (oWlyo) legislative period;


al-falak

3jji

night clnbs; J.'-'l jlj theater, playhouse;


illl jlj
d.

^JUll d.

revolution of oeleatial

al-muik

(royal)

reaidenoe;

bodies;

UUJI

Ijjj (tUt/d/lyo) flanking


JL.

SjyJ.1

jljJl

(mifriya) Egypt; !yil jIj d.

maneuver

(mtl.);

ijjj

(mdUyo)

JJ>
financial period, fiscal year; Lil Sjjj d. al-miyh lavatory (with running water),
toilet, -water closet

300

jl-U

madr

pl.

-i orbit; circling,

cir-

cuiting,

circuit, revolution; axis; pivot;

,jjjj

daurt

patrolling,

patrol-

(in

(fig.) that upon which s.th. turns or depends, the central, cardinal, or crucial

Compounds); periodic, occurring at regulr

factor, the pivot; center; aubject, topic,

stated

times,

recarring,
cyclic,
|

inter-

theme
scope,

(of a converaation, of negotiations)

iiittent;

circulatory,

etc.,

see

rnge,

extent,

sphere
|

tropic

j>> and

'jji; series (athlet.)

^jjoJI jL+J-l

(geogr.);

steering wheel

lt-Jl

jU

(jahz) the circulatory

System
-t

ijjjj
patrol,

dauriya

pl.

patrol, round;
|

m. as-mratn Tropic of Cancer, ^-U-l jl.u m. al-jady Tropic of Capricorn; J* .jl.u jtf
it
(i.e.,

reconnaissance squad

oLjjj

the dispute, or the


it

like)

was J*
all

JliS-V1 reconnaissance squads, patrols

about...,
(?n.

hingcd on...; iUI

_,|.u

D
jo
j_jj j

*jjjIj

dwirlya

is-sana)

throughout

the

year,

iijj* dauriya

year round
_/

dair pl. jb.il adyr, jj\ adyira,

ja! tadunr recitation of the

duyra monastery, convent,

Koran

at

cloiBter

medium

speed (between

tartil

and hadr;

&j*
tral

dairi monaBtic, monaBterial, clois-

a technical term of tajwld)


jjl-u

mudtvara

pl.

-t

cheathig,

;J dlra region, area, land,


(bedouin)
j
\j*

homeland

humbug,

trickery; outwitting; attempted


shift,

evasion or circumvcntion,

dodge;

duwr, dawar vertigo, dizziness,

persuaeion, inveigling, ensnaring


Sjljl

giddiness; seasickness
j
\j

idra turning; turning around or


reverting,

dawwr

rapidly

or

constantly
rotating,

over,

reversion,

Inversion;

turning,
circling,

whirling,
circulating;

spinning,
revolving,

starting, setting in Operation; Operation;

rotary,

drive

(techn.);
;

direction,

management;
agency,
Sjbl

rotatory; whirlpool, eddy, vortex; itinerant,

administration

administrative

ambulant,

roving ;

(eg. )

farm

department,
t.

office,

bureau
|

^'1

building,
jijj

farm

jljj
|

^L

revolving door;
jj^j

al-amn the police; ij^

jljl

('urfiya)

*JL peddler,

hawker;

J*. jL.

military
al-i,

administration; SjIjVI

j su

{jahz hafr) rotary drilling rig; ^^ijl j |p


d.

mismanagement, maladministration;
board of directors,

a-Sams sunflower

SjIjVI ,jJjt majlis al-i.


friar,

jLj dayyr monastic,

monk monk
Sjlp

administrative board, committee of man-

agement;
jljo dairni monastic,
Sjlp
friar,

IjIjVI

jS^.

markaz

al-i.

ad-

ministration center, headquarters


tjbl
idri

dawwra whirlpool, eddy, vortex;


(ayr.)
|

compaes, pair of dividers

administrative,
officer;

depart-

mental; administrative
(athUt.);

1^1
,jjljj

rf.

a/-Aaw' weather vane

manager
ad-

Ljljl

idriyan

through

diyri domestic; native

ministrative Channels, administrative^,


rotation,
cir-

[fji

dawarn

tum(ing),

officially
ejlji-l

revolution,

gyration;

circulation,
trip,

istidra

roundness,

rotundity,

cling, circuiting ;

round

tour

circularity

jjj!

adwar 2

(elative):

jr-jyi

>

jjil
fre-

_/b d'ir turning, revolving, spinning;


circulating;

(alsun)

more talked about, more

current

(e.g.,

cxpression),

quently expressed or discussed

common; ambulant,

itinerant; in prog-

301

t
jJc-a mustadir round; circular
'*j .\'.\
\

ress,

under way; working, in Operation;

yj

running (machine, engine); round


V*lj

mJUI

(mu'tamar

ai-m.)

round-

table Conference
d'ira
pl.

J\ji

daw'ir*

circle

(also math.); ring; circumference, perimeter,

jjji dauraq

pl. jjljj

dawriq 1

{eg.)

bulging

periphery; sphere,

scope,
field,

rnge,

vessel with a long, slender neck carafe

compasa, extent, circuit;


(fig.);

domain
jjji dauzana to tune (a musicalinstrument);

official

agency, department (esp.

It.,

Syr. t Leb.); office, bureau; departjustice {Eg., Tun.);


{eg.);
.

to tune in (radio)
jljjj

ment of a court of
calamity, affliction

dzn and jjj dauzana tuning

farm, country estate


j . .

misfortune,

(of a musical inatrument); jjj

tun-

yb j within thc
i_j-*j J^-i

ing (radio)
1j jjj
(^-ja)
(It.

framework of ...; lj\i

Sakli nifi d. semicircular ; *J\jI\


tat ad-d.

J* 'al uu nuq*
crucial

dozzina) dzina dozen

essential factor,
-/'

pivot,

point, crux;
electric

O vkjlf i (kahrab'iya) cirouit; O *jy^i *J\* ehort


JijUU
ij\s

,^-b

dsa u

(daus,

^La
down,

diys)

to

tread, step (* on); to tread (* a.th.); to

circuit

(el.);

encyclopedia;
circles,
,/lj-OI

tread

down,

trample
(*

trample
thresh

<*_jl

J\j3

govemment

underfoot,

crush

s.th.);

to

(* ij SL-*Jl,4 s -l

r JI)LCjil (rasmlya, aiysiya,


(political,

(grain); to treat with disdain, humiliate


( b.o.);

'askariya)

official

mitary)
_/'J

to run over
I

( s.o.;

automobile)

circles or quarters (journ.);

^La^-^I
i/loJl

VII pass. of

Jurisdiction (of

an

official

agency, esp-,
(sa*

^jj daus
step

treading, trampling, tread,

of a court of justice);

-iJi
lj

nlya)

civil list; i-

^- V
1

{l^nya)
-)UiJl

i-jj dxsa dense forest, jungle, thioket


L-Ija

appellate court (Eg.; jur.);


(inh'fctya)

*/la

electoral district;

*J* Oj'j

dawwsa pedal

J\fJS\ to suffer adversities


jj-'lj da' tri

^l-u mads shoe, sandal


^jX*

circular,

ring-shaped, an-

modus,

,j>\j*

mude

trodden,

nular

trampled down; crushed; run over


ljjlk-jj dusintriy,
Ij

jj-U muoattrtwir round, circular


jlsi-ya

dysentery

y4* mudir head,


ministrator ;

chief,
;

director; adSuAj^-yj

manager

Intendant,

(Fr. dossier)
file

dosyi, v_,j dsS pl. -t

perintendent; rector (of a univeraity);

dossier,

mudir, chief officer of a mudiria, approx.

govemor

{Eg.);

(pl-

L-**

mudar' 3 )

i^jj

(eg.)

dawaS to

irritate { s.o.) or drive

administrative officer at the head of a

s.o.

crazy by noise

county (Syr. Leb.,


t

Ir,,

Saudi Ar.)

jXm

iJyj

dauSa

(eg.) din, noise,

clamor, up-

J*i-I

m. al-jauq bandleader, conductor of

roar,

hubbub, hullabaloo
d&
pl. -*

an orcheatra
IjXt mudira directress; administratress
*j,ji (Fr. douche)

shower, douche

IjjXt mudiriya direction; administration;

yj

(It. aote)

dfa dowry

management;
;

(pl.

-t)

mudiria,
*-jj II

province {Eg.)

approx. : main depart{Ir.)

to imprint a mark, to brand

ment of a ministry

Mj

dag

pl. -*

brand (on

cattle).

<-.

302

(>j->)

<jla

</a

(dauf) to

mix, mingle

(j *

a.th.

with);

to add,

admix (j

made the rounds, it oirculated j-J V Jj loj (alnin) it passed from mouth to mouth,
;
I

s.th. to)

it

was the talk of the town,

it

was on

Jjj

titi?

duke
dtiqa
dttyj

everybody'a Ups

p
jja

ducheaa
ducol

Ijj

daula

pl.

Jp

duical

altemation,

rotation, change; change of time,

tum

of

fortune;

dynasty;
|

State,

country;
of the
daulat

ijji dqiya dukedom, duchy


ijji II to chatter, prattle

power, empira

UjjJI

^L

title

Prime Minister; ,S.I ^j


r.

ilj>

ai-h.

Hia
iljjjl

Ezcellency,

the

Prime
title

Sjj

davka

din, row,

hubbub, tumult,

Hinister;

Ui

faidmat ad-d.

confusion
'(Jj->)

of the President of the Bepublic (Syr.,

Jb

oVUa

(Jp

daufa)

to

ohange

LA.); UJI ajJI


anoient

Caltya)

name

of the
J^lll

periodically,

to change,

Uke tum, altemate, rotate; turn (time, fortune) lljj oJb


|

Ottoman Empire; jj>SI

(jJiJI or) (tutri, "uzm) the big powers;


jJSj SJjj (muniadaba)
iSji

jtoJ^Vt the time of absolutiam

ia

over,

mandatory power
dete

belongs to the past;

JjiJI J

cJIj fortune

(dam.,

pronounced

yTj

ha turned in his favor (<uU against him)


III to altemate, rotate (,
s.o.,

rahm) metal

vessel with long curved

s.th.);

handle used for making ooffee

to cause to sucoeed by

tums or

to follow

one another (fOVI al-ayyima the days; God); to altemate (jy between); to
confer,
talk

Up
Jji

dauli State (adj.); duwali inter-

national

(.

with
s.o.

s.o.,

about),

dwoaUya intemationality;

inter-

disouss (j

with

s.th.)

IT to give

nationaliam; the International

ascendanoy, afford superiority, give the

o^jjj
oountries
dJLlIp

dutmilit

petty

stetes,

small

upper hand (^*


victorious, let

to

s.o.

over); to

make

triumph (J
.

s.o. over),

grant viotory (J replaco (ij or ,>


Substitute

to

s.o.

over); to

dauxUatca altemately, by turns;

s.th. with),

succeasively, one

ezchange,
other
| |

by

one, one alter the

(v

or ,> for s.th. s.th.)

iUlp

liSU, (wa-hdkadd)

and so

Jjjl

ip ""k Jt-oonf l-'abbari min 6al umayyata the rule paswd from
1

tff

>

forth,

and ao on

ir^r-ll

JijJj todvAl intemationalization


Jj

the

Ommaiada

to the Abbaaides VI to

rnvddtcala

altemate, take
o.g., in

tums

pl.

-dl

parley,

ne-

( lvith or in s.th.,

some work);
to

gotiation; deUberation, consultation; dis-

to

hand eaoh other


altemately

cuasion;

s.th. (),

pasa s.th. () altemately between

muddwalatm altemately, one

themselvea;
different

after the other, one at a time


Jjlj;

handle
take

thingB),

now

thia,

now
ey

tadm

altemation,

rotation;

that; to ezchange (j^l

ar-ra'y views);

ciroulation, currency; circulation of


|

monby

to

make

frequent use (* of s.th.); to

JjIxJIj altemately,

by

turns, one

eonfer, have a discuasion, take counsel,


deliberate;

one
Jj'ji

to

parley,

negotiate;

to

mutadwal current, circulating,

eirculate, be in circulation,

be current,

in circulation; valid;

oommon,
|

in

com(fco*

have currency
l-aidl it

^4jVI Jjioj tadtvalathu


it

paased from hand to hand,

mon Um)

use, prevailing

Jjlodl *^li

the oolloquial langoage

303

03>
s\i da' im
lasting, enduring; endless,

Jl;.

dawlin see _jb


dib
pl.

eternal, perpetual, everlasting; perennial;

-*%*

o-J^

dawltb

wheel; tire;

continued, continuous, continual, inces*


sant,

gearing, gears, wheels, mechanism,

ma-

unceasing,

constant ;

permanent,
(XcJl
|

chine, machinery; closet, locker, cabinet,

standing, establiBhed; durable


jriJlj
d.

cupboard
jV>> iiJr
'(jj->)

^^Ul vVp
dollar

wardrobe

I.

at-taqaddum wa-n-numw in a

pl. -<K

State of constant progress


Ix lj

and growth
I

('>

ddma u {daum,
nu3

?\t*

datcdm) to

d'iman always

Ui

l*

(abadan)

last,

continue, go on; to persevere, persist

always and ever


|

*b L
since,

Alma as long
as,

as; (the

more

so)

^li daimi
p\Xm

*\*

inasmuch
.,

as,

becase; while
f

mudm wine
mustadim constant, continuous,

he

is

. .

when he is
is

. . . ;

L*-

U L (hayyan)
U
(tfumtu)
II to

as long as he

alive; tiL* -..

j*-oi

so long as (or while) I

am

with you
spin,

continual, incessant, uninterrupted

move
spin,

in

circle,

tum,
III

revolve, revolve,

jlyj

dmn

rudder, heim

rotate, gyrate, circle; to


twirl
(*
e.th.)

tum,
to

persevere,
1

jtly* dmnji steersman, helmsman


ji II to record, write

persist (J* in), apply o.b. diligently and steadily (J* to), pursue with diligence

down,

set

down, put
collect

down

in writing (* s.th.); to enter, Ust,

and perseverance (J*

s.th.);

to continue

register,

book
|

{*

s.th.);

to

(*

IV to cause to last or continue, perpetuate,

poems)

Up^

(tarfan)

to stipulate

make

laeting,

make permanent

f* s.th.)

a condition V to be reoorded, be written

to

make

(* s.th.) last or continue; to

down, be put down


\jt*

in writing

continue, go on (* with s.th.)

dtwn

pl.

l/j\j*

dawwin* ao(in the older

pjs

daum

continuance,

permanence,

count books of the treasury

duration; lyj

dawnan

constantly, at all
(bot.)

times, ever, always;

doom palm
*j>a

Islamio administration) ; divan, collection


of

poems written by one author; governoffice,

4ji dima

pl.

* diyam,

duym

mental

administrative office; chan*

continuous rain
j.

cellery, office, bureau, Sekretariat; Council

of State, cabinet ; oounc, consultative

\j2

dawm

duration,

continuance,

assembly, board of advisers, executive

permanence,
suocession;

perpetuity;

uninterrupted
perseverance;

committee; govemment; court of

justice,
(rail-

endurance,
s.o.,
(Ij-Ul

tribunal; hall; davenport, divan;

abiding, stay (of

at a place); Uj.

way) compartment
official

dawman
(IjoJ!

and

Je

permanently,
|

^ jl^ill

*JJ

lugat ad-d.

jargon, officialese; ^tisll o\x* in-

perpetually, at all times, ever, always

cJj

(IjaJI

CjMj\,Aj^\
(Ir.,

oUU working

quisitional court; the Inquisition


<j\ji*

hours, office hours


i+yc*

Syr.)

diwni administrative, adminis-

daimma

trational, official ; an Ottoman style of cur?\j*

sivo (used
(child's

by the

secretaries of the State


fir-

[f^

duwwma
mudwama

top

toy)

Chancellery for treaties, diplomas,

whirlpool, eddy, vortex


iyl4-

mans,

etc.)

perseverance, endur-

j>jjj

iadwxn recording, writing down;

ance, persistence; continuance, duration;

entry, listing, booking; registering, registration

oontinuation

^^
S>
iijX*

mudawwana

pl. -t pl.

rccord, note;

li)l

Jl

j.j.1

J^y

it

was

he, not they,

entry;

body of lawe;

CjUjJU writings,

who reached

the goal; o,j Ih-^ i*-LSl

literature (on
ji

a given subject)
bad,
j

{aShai bi-wajhih) she averted her face

eo that he could not see her;

dn low

^1
jj

Ujj

JU-

lowly;

poor,

inferior;

meager, inadequate
lah) he
ji
(in

JjjJIj

<LU

to prevent a.th.; I^i-l jj i*iVl (o"a,

{'ma*

amr') the infrared

rays;

snubbed htm
(prep.) below, beneath,
of,

oU^ll
(radio)

^w&JI (maujt) ultra-ahort

waves
(Ir.

dna

under
rj*

rank, value, etc.); this aide


;

short of;

dnum

a aquare measure

about

before ; without
cluaion of,

more than with the ex;

2500 m; Pal.
X

roughly, 900 m")

leaving

...

aside,

disregard|

ing

. ;

and not by any means, but not


(with
foll.

i5j*

daw and
a

II to

aound, resound, ring out;

dlli ji

nominative) on the

way
j*

to drone; to echo, reverberate III to treat


(

patient, *

disease)

VI to treat

o.s.

to that, there

is ...,
...,

before accomplishing
jlJl

(with a medicine); to be cured


,jji

that

one must

i^*i

.illj

(karf al-qatd)

before one

can do that,
of
ita

dawan

pl. Ipl

adwa

aickness,

ill-

one must etrip the tragacanth


leaves,
jJj,
i.e.,

neBS, disease,

malady
noiBe,
ring,

accomplish the impoasible;


(dni)
,

jj^ dawiy aound,

clang,

jj

^
of

without; with the

roar, thunder, drone; echo, reverberation


\j)

exclueion
Ol

excluding ;

j
foll.

j Jj

and
dawh
here
for)!

ji

,> without
illij*

(+

gerund in
acc.)
(*

(
pl.

'o}j

dawya)

pl.

jj^

Engl.);

dnaka (with
j* he

duwiy, diwiy,
Iji

oU j*

iauwi/i inkwell

foll.

you are! take...! watch out


beware
(* of)
!

<av'

ijil

adwiya remedy,

*jjj

is

below him,

medicament, medication, medicine, drug


<j|p

he doean't measure up to him; *yj S"


i->l

daw'%

medicinal,

medicative,

(ahammiyatan) to be

of

less

im-

curative

portance than...; s\ Jf ojj rl iimun dnah fotUu tjmtn a Bin to end all Bina;
ij^SL-]l
^^-Jl

see jj

jji

>

^ijl {sinn, 'askariya)

Iji fjiw'

treatment, therapy (med.) treatment

thoe below the age for military Bervice;


IjIju

ffimwflA

therapy

Jl

Ju
all;

L.

jj

(nazarin) regardless of,


Jjli

ir-

{med.)

respective of;

jjj

with no benefit
ZJ (S

at

completely useless; o*~j jl


is

j\jj

tadwin eure

l&i {taki an yas'adna) ahe


they
will

afraid
iJU

jji (Fr. douie) dy socket (of a Light bulb)

be happier than ehe is; !_-^JI

Uj^

jjj (iuiui, gairih) those booka


L>j*

and no
(mtc

rjk*

diyalg (Eg. spelling)

pl. -dt

dialogue

others; ijl.U
ta'ajjib,

tilL

<_
I

Ul

fadlika, 'ilmika)

admire your
or,

rL*j and **-Ljj see s


stijti

virtue,

but not your knowledge,

dayyt

admire

your

virtue

more than
j*x$\

your

( ^^jj)

cuckold;

procurer,

pimp; a variety of warbler


jj*_> see

{zool.)

knowledge; ^^JS\j

ji

]y^\

f
^-i
(Eg. spelling) the GaulO^Jjjf-l ad-<&pflZ*yfin
lists

(kamma, tadammur, Sakw) he stopped


their

mouths to keep them from mutter-

ing
A*iis

and complaining;
L.

jj ,>**JI
if

jlTlil

(gupnu, yahtamiluh)

the branch

not

strong

enough to

carry

him;

305

Oi J
(J to s.o.),

b-j daidabn, daidubn

pl. -t,
|

So La dayd-

obey (J
(

s.o.);

to grant a loan, to
subject,
(

dia guard, sentry; sentinel


ship's pilot

c-i'LA' LjAo

lend

money
(

to

s.o.);

subjugate
s.o.);

s.o.);

to requite, repay

to

condemn

( s.o.),

pass judgment
(

-Uj aee
J y-i

u.a.

{*
_r

on

s.o.) III to
(

hare a debt

with

s.o.),

jL>' y^' tf/. J


dise

J^ *'
-

-*'-'l

Bee

->->*

be indebted
(

to s.o.); to be the creditor


{

of
|

s.o.),

have a money claim i-*"


Mr*
*;'>

on

^jj du
*-jj aee

(Ampelodesma tenax

bot.) s.o.)
ijZjj
q.)

(bi-mabla

*-.>

kmmt
seil

he had a claim of five piasters


(

on him IV to lend money


i-ji see .j-p

to

s.o.);

to

on credit

to s.o.); to convict, find


{ s.o.)

^-^

see

i^a

guilty,

pronounce guilty

to be
o.a. (J

indebted, have debts; to subject

ju^jj disembir, disambir December

to)

VI ^.u

|>jl-tf

(dain) to contraet a

iL*

dCjt pl.

SO* dtto,
|

4^
,_^ji1

duy*,

mutual loan, borrow money from each


libjl odytJjfc

cock,

rooster

iLi

other
d.
at-Aa&aJF

to

make or

inour debts, take

up

turkey, turkey cock; j-jj dLa (rilmi) do.;


dL-l

a loan

bjj wazn

ad-d.

bantamweight
l od-diki

^o

dain

pl.

ji*

duyn debt; pecuni(Ist,


|

$jj)\

JLJI as -au

whooping

ary Obligation, liability; Obligation

cough

Law); claim
j'il'it

(Isl.

Law), financial claim


^-01

on

credit;

^j

robb

ad-d.

creditor; t-^A-l j>* d. al-harb

war debte;

*y
j_l*
(Fr. dicor) pl. -di decor, stage decoJlif

j*

^j
-x>-y

bonded, or funded, debt;

^o

(mumtz) preferred, or privileged,


j-i

ration

debt;

(muwahhad) consolidated
(mitflog)

^Ica daims, dims, ,j*j*a daims daymuP dungeon, rault


< s, fi,

pl.

j-fL

debt; jlk.

^j

debt not bound to

the physical person of the debtor, but


outliving

him

(Isl.

Law);
against

3j^~*

ojxj

J^
Law)

see

(ji

(mustagriq)

claims

an

estate

JJ^ri

dtmfigi demotic (writing)

which exceed or equal the assete


~*jy~>s
;

(Isl.

\f \ji j ,

\Ju: i

dimuqrfi democratic dem-

dainna judgment; Last Judgment

ocrat
<Sf\jiji,

LoJl

ad-dayyn the Judge (attribute

*S\j} dimuqrtiya

pl.

-t

of God)
ja

democracy; democratic attitude or conviction


l

madina

pl.

^\x
^-.1

mad'in',

u-U
(city

mudun town,
in

city;

Medina

(^i)

rfna

to borrow, take

up a loan;

W Saudi Arabia); see a*


oIj!

to be a debtor, be indebted; to
s.o. s.th., also, e.g-,

owe (^ J

idna verdict of guilty; convio-

^iJlj
s.o.

*J

o\s (Sukr) d.

tion

oIjL

CU

jX**

sadara

l-hukmu

lah bi-S-htkr to
t_j

owe

one's thanks;

bi-idnatihi he

was convicted
incurrence of debt

s.th.,

e.g.,

bLJ>Lj bi-l-kayh one's


or
s.o.);

ijlai-1 istidna

Ufe,

J to

B.th.

to be indebted

(u J
o.a.,

to s.o. for); to be subject, subject

Jb

d'in creditor

bow,

yield, (J to s.o.
(J)

or

s.th.),

be

jjx.

madyn

indebted, in debt; ob-

under

s.o.'s

power, owe allegiance

ligated,

under Obligation

Oi J
~<yX.

306

madf/nfya indebtedness, Obli-

Z \j diy&na
iL ill

pl.

-dt

religion;

com|

gation

mnnion, confession, denomination, sect


obligated,

jx> modln owing; indebted,


under Obligation; debtor
(fukr)
|

v*

'-*

fonnder of a religion
pious,

jCliU

jm
stand

OLj

dayydn

godly,

devout,

owing gratitude, muoh obliged;


jlT to be indebted to
s.o.,

religious

lij-u

^ jj

imjayyun piety, godliness, devout-

in s.o.'s debt

ness, religionsness, religiosity

IjJu Oli.

mudin moneylender,

oreditor

^jz* mutadayyin pious, godly, devout,


religious

mudn

convicted, found guilty;

guilty; judged,

condemned

* .uu muladayytna religious


religion,

Community

'(ji)

b dana

to profess
|

(v a

jbj

dlndr

pl.

jj dandntr* dinar, a mone-

"oonviction, eto.)

(jWfl;

ob

to profeas

tary unit

</r., /ord.); pl. j*iLb

money

Islam; JbU;
one's

jb (bi-AdUM) to adhere to oustoms T to profess (v a religion)


pl. OIjjI
|

^jbi
oards)

ilwSrf diamonds (of a deok of

^i dm

adjuln religion, oreed,


fy.

faith, belief

fr>l\

ymm

jLjj dln&md dynamo, generator

ad-d. the

Day

of Judgment
dfnl religious; Bpiritual
|

^.bi
Jj^
ir-

dfodmtt dynamite

Jjj

O jJ

dainam

pl.

rta daydnim* dynamo.

religious;
religion

Ji-iN

,M f*) enoe
pions,

of
*j See tS*j

ji
devout

dayyin

religious,

godly,
l^ji pl.

j^ilp and Jljja

4t (demonstr. pron.)
this;
iij

pl. >Vjl ul'i this

one,

da behold,
Ali

it is I,

here I am,

pl. .yl

bi-di

by

this,

by

this

means,

no^nu uW;

used as an aoousativa
Uli
4&ka,
f.

j*

thereby;

lil J'-(M

therefore; Ijf Ja-rf so,

in the oonstruot State: master, owner, or

thus, in thia manner; so


so

and

so, so

and

possessor of, with jj nonnative (q.v.),

muoh; li* M-ba-ii so, thus, in this manner; serves as intensifier after interrogative pronouns (roughly correspond-

ji as
iJIS
jl

genitive;

ilU (Abt,

*ilj ttca, pl. <l>Vjl


(itf)

&'*

this, this

one;

then, at that time; in those


ilS titta, pl.
iJj

ing in English to such phrases as:


earth, ...then, or the lue):
lil

...

on

days;

iS'a daliln, f.

illlfjl

what on

ldo?tsa that, that one;

bi-dliba

by

eartht

liU.

why

then!

why
f.

in heaven's

that,

by that means,
after that,

in that

manner;
.U>

namet -Iij hvw*

<.

tfi

<f *>

ft

diu U-dalita
fka

therefore;

di

fa'da

that one; look at that one! why, that is..., now if thatisn't...!; IJ.U h/tana-

upon

that, thereafter,
still,

thereupon; dli mo'a iaWoa yst,

307

y
i dibh saorificial viotim, blood saorifioe
*j
theria
diblfa,
|

nevertheless, for all that; Ol

that

is (to

say), namety, to wit;


ia

Ji, (oimo) JV i,
. .

dubha angina
~**J!\

(meo*.);

diph-

(It'-onna)

and that

beoause

.,

for the

L_,xJI
;

(fadriya)

angina

one reason that...; Ol


thifl is

.ili

(M-oma)

pectoris (med.)

due to the faot that ...; JUT tu$Miia so, thus, in that manner; equally yJJ likewise, in the same manner;

iijjill **iiJI

(/u'diyo)

do.

,Ui iabbh slaughtering,


dering; slaughterer, butoher
-2>j dabih slaughtered

killing,

mur-

diiikum,

f.

that one;
Adtf{,
pl.
f.

fiS ItUum, pl.


li hidi,
f.

pVjl

uUMnm

<i* MrfiM, tfi

.V> WuM'i, dual m. U


jl'U Adidnt
thia, this one,

^jj $oWAa
animal;

pl. j|lii

daba'ik' slaughter

Wrfdni,

an

sacrifioial viotim,

blood saorifioe;

li (alphabetioally)

saorifioe,

immolation; oering, oblation


pl.

Ji X to be wolflike, be fleioe or orael like a


wolf

fl. madbah

f)i- maddbih' slaugh-

terhonse; altar (Chr.)


pl.

oJS #'6
dieb
jj-VI

v i

ii'b, J^jji

dv'bn

7*1*

madbaha

massaore,

slaughter,

(Canis

anthus),

jaokal;
rf-rf-

wolf

oamage, butohery
ijii dabdaba to set into a swinging motion, Swing, dangle (* s.th.) II tadabdaba to
Swing, pendnlate; to osoillate
;

111

i>j" tf

aJ-a>tiKW

name of a nonoontagious
jji

skin diseasa
davO.'ib' look,

ju'Joa

pl.

c-Jlji

(ei.);

to

Strand (of hair); tuft, wisp olS, jlS and *J\i aee jj

be defleoted (magnetio needle) to vibrate


to fluotuate; to waver, vaoillate, hesitate
jijj

dabdaba

pl. -dl

pendulous motion,
(ei.);

illi

eee

li

pendulation; osoillation
of the letter i

Vibration

Jlj ^di

name

^.bJ

iadabdvb

pendulous

motion,
(ei.);

pendulation, swinging; osoillation

^i joMo u

to drive away, ohase

away

(*,

defleotion (of

a magnetio needle)
oscillator
(ei.)

s.o., s.th.);

to defend (je

s.o., s.th.)

O ^jiiit

mudabdib

h^ljj^uMo(ool].;n.un.
jljj dibbn flies, fly
|

S) pl. jI

aiibba,
gdfly,

^jli

v^

Vk-i* mudabdab fluetuating, variable; vaoillating, wavering, hesitant, unsteady


-j'y'z- mvtadabdib: ^>X.'^- jL: (tayytr)

horsefly
ilii dvbba pl. -41 (n. un. of >^li i) fly
tip (of the sword, or the like)
oscillating ourrent

(ei.)

oUi ^uAMna, dibbdna


(on a fireann)

fly; sight,

bead

Jji dahala, dabvJa


wilted,

(dabl, Jj.i dvbvl) to

be
to

to

wilt,

wither;

to

fade;

beoome dry, dry up; to waste away; to


fly

^i. midabba

whisk,

fly

watter
alitting

become
the

dull, lose its luster (eye)

#i dabdha a

(dabk) to kill (by

JjS dabl mother-of-pearl, nacre


JUS dvbla wiok
Jjli tjb pl. J;i dvbvl wilted, withered;

throat); to slaughter, buteher; to massacre; to murder, alay; to sacrifloe, offer

up immolate
(

an animal)

II to kill,

dry,
dull,

dried up; faded (color); languid,


laokluster,

slaughter, butohor, massaore,

murder
feeble,

languishing

(glanee);

f>

dabh slaughtering, slaughter

weak, tired

>*
J*-j dahl pl. JU-Jl adkal, J^-j du/ resent-

308

a tiny amount, a
(Sakk) the least

jot,

an iota;

*iLUl

ijj

ment,

rancor,

hatred;

revengefulness,

doubt
j

vindictiveness; blood revenge


j*-i

^ji dorn atomic


atomic bomb;
ijjj li (fqa)
jjj&\

jji

iLJ (yanw/o)
(wif)

dakara a to keep, preserve, sbore away,


(* s.th.);

J,ljJl

and

put away
a.th.)

to save, lay

by

{*

atomic energy

VIII j-i\ iddakara to keep, pre-

jjjj darr powder

serve, stre
stre,

away, put away

(* s.th.); to

^jjjj darri powdery, powdered, pulverized


j-ji

accumulate, gather, hoard, amasa


lay

{* s.th.); to
s.th., also

by

(a s.th.); to save (*

strength, trouble, etc.)


|

darira

_^ol
_^-ij

pl.

_/lji dar'ir3

fragrant

J
I

L*- (hubban) to

harbor love for;

powder, cosmetic scented powder

x^*-

(juhdan) he sparos no effort

^ji durri of or pertaining to the


spring or progeny
*ijj

off-

j* dv.hr pl. jU.jl adkr s.th. stored away, put by, hoarded, or acoumulated;
stores, supplies; treasure
3jii dajctra pl. _r*U dak'ir3 treasure;
3

durriya

pl.

-/,

jjjji

darriy

progeny, descendants, children, offspring


jXj

yadaru see

(jij)

stores,

supplies;

provisions,

food;

am.-jj

munition

dariba a (darab) to be sharp, cutting


>-jjj ^aroft

(mil.); (holy) relic

jUol iddikr storage; hoarding, amassing,

diarrhea (med.)
<_jS ^urfi

accumulation ;

storing,

gathering;

<_ji

darib pl.

sharp, cutting

saving
j-X>

^jjj ^^- (/urA) a magnant, incurable

wound
mvdakkir
pl. -fin

assistant gunner,
^|jj

ammunition passer (m., Syr.)


j*-X.
jji-X>

durrh

pl.

j[p

rfarrtA 8

Spanish

fly,

mudakjfar

pl. -dt
pl.

supply
storage

blister beetle (zool.)

mnddajcira

-t (Syr.)

ji dara'a a

(dar') to

measure

(* s.th.); to

battery, battery
Kj'i

take the measure or measurements (*


of
s.th.);

to cover (*

a distance); to

oross,

dura see jji

traverse (*a country), travel through (*);

S> darra

to intercede, intervene, media te, put in


(darr) to atrew, soatter,
(<-*

spread
|

a word
with

(<J

for s.o.,

on behalf of
<1-^

s.o., a^c

(* s.th.); to sprinkle

on

s.th. s.th.)

s.o. eise)

4-Le

to use, employ, apply or


bt-wasila

iL,]!

jj (ar-ramda
s.o.'b

fi 'ainaihi)

to
(ajjj

throw dust in
durr) to
rise,

eyeB;

bi-darVa

(jjjj

come
it

means, an expedient); to use as a pretezt, as

up, rise resplendent


|

over the horizon (sun)


it

oy

an exouse
s.th.,

(<~t

s.th.); to

use as a

j j (qarnuh)

began to show,

emerged

means (^

JI

to an end) VII to

proceed, advanoe; to intervene

jj darr strewing, scatterhig, sprinkling;


(coli.)

tiny

particles,

atoms,

fji dar* power, abifity, capabity


specks,
to

(i_>

motes
Uji
ji

do

s.th.)

i~>

UjS JLm* and ot jL*


s.th.,

((^ar'on)

not to be up to

be be

darra

(n. un.)

pl.
|

--/

atom; tiny
mitql
d.

unable to do or accomplish
unable to stand or bear
with, be tired
of, feel

s.th.; to

particle; speck,

mote

!jj Jlit.

s.th.,

be fed up

the weight of a dust particle, a tiny

uneasy about, be

amount; a

ttle bit; IjS jl-ii.

miqdr

d.

oppressed by

309

->

jjl adru", fjp dir* f. and m., pl. Ujj dur'n arm; forearm; connecting rod; cubit, in Syria = .68 m in Egypt:
[

furthianus
millet (syr.)

Kcke.);

Uj

jS

(baida*)

^jL Jp
(wtan*wtf)

(baladi)

^jj daran protection, shelter


ijj'i

.58
*j

m,
lx>

JjJli-l JjS
^Iji

.665

m,

(An-

iurwa, dirwa
top;

pl.

^ji duran sumclimax,

dza)

ca. .75

^j^ ^[p m, gj* jjl^ jp (murotoa')


.656

m,

(m'mdrf)

.5625

1
;

in Iraq:

ca. .68

m,

&\ .w

(fcoZadt)

= ca.
dari*

Jp flp (6a^d5dt) or ^aL jJjS .80 m, tfj\** jji see above


jt's

(halabi)

= = =

mit;

peak;

culmination,

acme, apex
jjj- mi^ran and ;ijJU midrA pl. madrin winnow, winnowing fork
jlJ-

da' ara a (da'r) to frighten, scare, alarm,


terrify
( s.o.);

-jji

stepping

lively,

Walking

pass. du'ira to be frighten-

briskly; rapid, quick; torrential; rapidly

ed a

(J by), get
(da'ar}

alarmed (J

at);

da'ira
difl-

spreading,
intercessor
^jjj

eweepmg

(death); devastating;

to be terrified,

alarmed,
scare,

mayed IV
pl. -jl;i

to

frighten,

alarm,

darVa

dar'i' 2

medium,

terrify

( s.o.)

V and VII to be

frightened,

means, expedient; pretext, excuse


Jiji darafa
i

become alarmed
jt-i (Ju'r, fright terror,

alarm, panic

(darf,

Ouji da/,

Jjji (Zur/,
jc'i

liji darafn) to flow, well forth (tears)

da'ar fright, alarm, dismay, con-

to shed (* tears; said of the eye) II to

Btemation

exceed
tears)

J* an age)

to let flow, shed (a

JiUi

du'f

lethal,
|

deadly,
<JL*i

immediately
(maut)

killin g
i

(poison)

sy

ji daraqa
(bird)

(darq)

to drop excrement

sudden, immediate death

IV do.

jti da'aqa a
screaming
Aci
da'ina a

(da'q)

to frighten

s.o.)

by

ji darq droppings, excrement (of a


bird)

(da an)

and IV to submit, obey


(J s.o.,

(jjj

and ^ji)

!ji

dar u (darw) to disperse,


off,

yield, give in (J to s.o.),

an

acatter (* s.th.); to carry

blow away

order,

etc.)

to
(l^

concede J to

voluntarily,

(* dust; said of the wind); to

winnow,

grant willingly

s.o. s.th.)

fan (* gram);
II do.
(*,
a

^ji dar

(dary) do.

Uil id'n submissiveness,


compliance, obedience

pliability,

IV

I;

to throw down, throw off


--i)l

s.o., s.th.)

j**Jl

^j

(dam'a)
^'x> mud'in submissive, pliable, tractable, obedient

the eye shed tears

to be winnowed, be

fanned; to climb

(* on), Bcale (* s.th.); to


in, at,

seek shade or shelter (^


to take refuge
(t-j

under);

jUii mid'n

pliable, tractable, docile,

with), flee (u> to)

to

obedient, obliging, compliant

take refuge
s.o. 's
(i->)

(i-j

with), place o.s.


(i-j

under
ji'i

protection, flee

to

s.o.)

dafar pungent smell, stench

jj

dura durra, a variety of Borghum


jj (eg.)

aJj daqan, diqan pl. uliil adqn,


|

t/Li

Indian com, maize

(Zea
(ffj/r.);

chin;

daqn
|

f.,pl.

uyi dvqn * duqn beard,


d.

mays
pogon

L.);

*|^L*

yi (9ajra) do.

whiskers

-UI

ji

aS-faik
\jj*-

wormkarr

(e#.) jf_j- jj

a variety of millet (AndroBrot.


var.

wood,

absinthe;

rfliiV

Sorghum

Schwein-

li-adqnihim they prostrated themselves;

^
II (parigo j J. to be up to one's neck in

310

jiifl

j>

l-'amal)

report,

acoouot,

narration,

narrative

work, be

invocation of God, "wntion of the Lord 's

Bwamped by work

(properly: to

drown

in

name;

(in

Sufism)

incessant repetition

work); JS J* dl> (dahika) pl. ^ft J# (eg syr.) to fool b.o., make fun of s.o.,
lead
s.th.)
s.o.
;

of certain words or formulas in praise of God, often acoompanied by musio and dancing |^Ti J# (with foll. genit.) apropos of, speaking of dl j j J*> speaking
.

around by the nose

(<_>

with

to put on

an act for s.o.;


face

oi j iL>

. . ;

to laugh in

b.o.'s

of that, incidentally, in that oonneotion

j dakara u (rfttr, jlTL" tadkr) to remember,


bear in

fA\

/"ill

the Koran; /*iJI

JJU

above-

mind

(* s.th.),
s.th.);

think (* of); to

mentioned, afore-mentioned; j$\

y nr

keep in mind (a
(* s.th.);

to recalJ, recollect

of bleased memory, deceased, late; iUI


jfi (aida) to celebrate, praise, com-

(dikr) to speak, talk (* of,


cite,

about); to name, mention,


(*
s.th.);

mend
(4*hrin

s.o.

or

s.th.,

quote

speak in glowing
L.

to State, designate, indicate

terms of

s.o.

or B.th.; &> _^S J* Jlj

(* B.th.); to give {* e.g., faota, data); to

min)

he

still
. .

remembered

...

point, refer (* to s.th.); to report, relate,

he could

still recail

teU (J * s.th. to

s.o.)

jftj pJi" taqad

jfj dakar

pl.

j^fi duhr, y^Ti dukra,


(pl. j_>Ti)

dumun

yudkaru

notable

progress;

V
to

^Tj duimln male;

penis

^i
s.o.

(yu4tcaru) inconsiderable, not


(jJ-'L)

worth

jTi dukra reputation, repute,

renown
repl,

mentioning;

j** tf*

(Jr)
s.o.,

have pleas&nt memories of


in fond

hold
well

i$/*i

dikrd

pl.

oL^J

dikray&t

remembrance; to speak
to speak

membrance,

recolleotion,

memory;

of

s.o.; jJj ^"i (*"") to

have unpleasant
ill

reminiseences, memoirs

memories of
II

s.o.;
(<-

of

s.o.

sfi dahlr
jIQj

steel

to

remind
to

s.o.

of

a.th.),

point out
attention

ta4k&r,

tid&r

remembranoe;

(<_>
(<_*

s.o. s.th.), oall s.o.'s ()

reminder, meinen to; memory,


oration;
Souvenir,

commemmemorial
al-qiddlrtn

to); to

make

(*

a word) masouline

keepsake;
t.

(gram.) III to parley, negotiate, oonfer,

day

Oi-jaSJI

have a
study
<-jjj

talk,

take oounsel

(#

with

s.o.);

All Sainta'

^ Day

jlTJ;

jamV

[Chr.)

to memorice,
(* one's
_^*lj

oommit to memory,
to

learn,

assignment, one s lessons)

jjfi; tadt&ri, tirfWrt serving to remind,


|

(dwaah)

study one's

helping the
orative

memory; memorial, commem-

Iessona, (*
s.o.

do one's homework IV to remind


of
s.th.), call (* s.th.)

to s.o. 's
in

()

ij ta4kira reminder;

memento

mind V to remember, bear


s.th.),

mind

lf&
slip,

ta4kira> mostly

pronounced lad*
message, note

think (* of
other

s.th.)

TI to remind
each other's

hara, pl.

eaoh

\
tioket

tad4kir*

(* of), revive
;

memory
a
talk,

paper, permit, pass; oard; ticket;


|

of (*)

to oonfer (together), have

admission
S.

Juj
t.

take oounsel Till J'il iddakara

V;

^JtJl

to remember, recail, keep in


a.th.)

oLM if

if itm

postcard

ai-Sa&iy*
t.

identity oard; i^Ltj

mind, know by heart (*

^Uj

ifJS

dahdb

wa-iyb round-trip tioket; *~* l^JJ


(eg.)

^j

rfitr

recoUection,

remembranoe,

platform tioket;
tioket;

iJljli!

ijf

sub-

reminiBoanoe,
reputation,

memory, oommemoration
repute,

acriptiou

i_t
;

S^X"

(fibbiyo)

renown ;

naming,

medical presoription

jjj* fjj permit,

stating, mention(ing), quoting, citation;

pass, laistez-paBser; passport; ^jiJi

if

311

(8yr.) identity oard

<= i-*^

*ILj

Eg,)\

S'i jfrKy

pl.

Lfil adJciyd'* intelligent,


olever,

v Uoi^l i/
^jTi;

(.

oZ-Vnii^Sfc ballot

sharp- witted,
tioket

bright;

redolent,

ta4karji, tfJ'

ta$kart

fragrant; tasty, savory, delicions

seller, ticket olerk; (streetoar)

oonduotor
s.o.,

Ji 4aa

(4aU,

rfufl,

I^S falia,

*J

>

4ia

'*i\*

jf
s.th.),

ta4Hr reminding (of

of

ma^aUa)

to

be

low,

lowly,

humble,

reminder, memento; feoundation,


(of

despised, contemptible II to lower, debase,

pollination

female

hlossoms ;

in

degrade, humiliate, humble


s.th.); to subject, break,
(

(*,

s.o.,

pomioulture)
jTli.

subdue, oonquer
(* dif-

s.o.);

mutfkara

pl.

-t

negotiation,

to overcome,

surmount

consultation, Conference; deliberation (of

fioulties, obstacles)

IT to lower, debase,
(*,

oourt;

3yr.);

leaming,

memorizing,

degrade, humiliate, humble


s.th.)
(*,

s.o.,

memorization; study

to subject, break, subdue, oonquer

s.o., s.th.)

to lower o.s.,

humble

tafiahkur

memory, remembrance,

o.s.,

cringe (Jl or J before s.o.); to be

reoolleotion
jlTJs-l

isttfkr

memorizing, memori-

humble, obsequious X to think (* s.o.) low or despicable; to think Utile (* of),


disesteem
(*

zation, committing to
IjTlj 4lrira

memory

s.o.);

to

deride,

flout,

disparage, run

down

(* s.o.)

memory
Jj

jjfJu ma4kr mentioned; said, above-

iv lowness,

lowliness,

insignif-

mentioned; celebrated
Zorn

bjfJu Lui

j&

ioance; ignominy, disgraoe, shame, deg-

radation, humiliation; humility, humbleness, meekness, submiaaiTeneBS


ilj

yafcun Jat'an m.
it

it

was of no im-

portanoe,

was nothing
4iUa lowness, baseness, vileness,
submissiTeness,

jTi. mufckkar masouline (gram.)

depravity;

obsequious-

/X

mufZalHra

pl. -<K

reminder; note;

ness

remark; notebook; memorandum, memorial, aide-memoire, (diplomatic) note;

JJj
low,

4alil pl.

>W

adm'*,

iJil

a4Ula
con-

ordinance, deoree; treatise, paper, report


(of
pl.

lowly;

despised,
docile,

despioable,

a learned

eooiety,

Fr. nUmoira);
|

temptible;

traotable,

pliable;

reminiscences, memoirs
bill

fl^l lflu
(pur,);

humble, submissive, abject,


sequious, cowering, cringing

servile; ob-

m. al-ittihm JLU
ij'x,

of indiotment
writ

m.

al-jaib

of habeas
verbal

JjJj 4ail pl. JJ j 4%dul dooile, tractable,

corpus;
note
<_^"i

lULLS

SjJX.

(Ufhlya)

gentie (animal); female riding oamel


4J4

(cUpZ.)

ma4oa humbleness,

meekness,

and

j"j) ITj 0afcd

(ufcw, iTi jfciun,

submissiveneBs; humiliation

ITj

0afeT) to blaze, flare

up

(fire);

ezude a Btrong odor;

J'j gakiya

to

(ITj

4a&') to
II

be

sharp-witted,

intelligent

JJX" taftU derogation, degradation, bemeaning; overooming, oonquering, sur-

and IT to cause to

mounting
blaze, fan (* the

(of difficulties, of

an

obstaole,

fire);

to kindle (* s.th.) II to immolate an

and the lue)


Jl/
i$UU degradation,

animal
iTi

X=

$ak
acuteness,
%

debasement,

$ak acumen, mental

humiliation
JJiJ tagdttvl self-abasement

inteUigence, brightness;

4uk'

the sun

; ; ;

,;

JJi

312

jJi duldvl pl.

JiVi daldiP lowest, nethers.th.;

i/i

dimmi a zimmi, a
J1 J*l)
<*il

free

non-Muslim

most part of
garment)
[

train,

hem

(of

subjeot living in a Muslim country (see

^Ul
f.

J iV i the mob, the


dalf'
3
,

riffraff

S dimma:
j*Uj
title ;
life

^JJil

odia/2 ,

.UJi

pl.

tJJi

rfuZ/

dimm pl.

adimma
;

right, claim,

having a small and finely chiseled nose


jjj dal? tip, point; tip of the tongue
jJ-Ul
<JjjJ-'

protection,
|

custody

security

of

JJI fl under cover of darkness


JjjJ-i

and property

/* d. al-lail

al-hurf a4*didq,

~ damim
objectionable,
fair,

censured

blameworthy
ugly,

JJU.UI

and
t, l,

SJUjoJl

<Jj_^-i ((touJa^tya) the

reprehensible ;

un-

liquidB

(phon.)

nasty

jJi dalq, daliq,


facile (tongue)

jJi

data? eloquent, glib,

<*~.j

damima

pl.

rl jfam'tm 8 blame,

censure

Vi

dalqa eloquence, glibness (of the

.U

madamma

pl.

-*

blame, censure

tongue)

fjL Tnadmm censured; blameworthy,


^iJJj

eto., see ij

objectionable, reprehensible
(g
**",

*j

damma u
blame,
criticize
II

i*-U

madamma)
(s

to

j-i

to grumble, complain
jL. i fZtffldr

(,>.

or J* about)

find

^meworthy,
find fault

dispraise,

sacred posseasion, cherished

(* s.o.),

with

s.o.)

goods; honor
( s.o.)

to rebuke, censure Bharply


j*j

dmm

j-j

tadammur

pl.

-(

grumbling,

censure, dispraise, derogation,

complaint, grievance

disparage ment
<*j

dimma

pl.

/j

dmam

protection,

t/j

damiya a
of death

(LS dam*) to be in the throes

care,

custody; covenant of protection,

compact; responsibility, answerableneas


financial Obligation,
violability, seourity
liability,

LS dam' last remnant; last breath


of
life
|

debt; in-

;LJ-I

,> LS (ayA) last breath of

of Hfe and property


security ;

life

safeguard,
science
|

guarantee,

cono-JS

VoJJU honestly?

really? serious-

IV to do wrong, commit a
guilty,

sin,

a crime,

ty? ii-^

anc* J-i

J* upon

my

word,

an offense ; to be
of a crime, of
(_jj

be culpable a

X to
sin,

truly; 4i*-, 4i*i

in s.o.'b debt,

indebted

find or deolare ( s.o.) guilty of

to

b.o.;

<i*Jj

L.

bis debt; <i*i


s.o.'b

Jp under
or

an

offense
sin,

s.o.'b

protection; at
s.o.

dispoBal; for
for b.o.

danb

pl.

<-yS dunb offense,

the benefit of

or

B.th.,

crime, misdeed
i_JS

some
4i,j
Yf

purpose
j>

(allocation
is

of

funds)

danab

pl.

^USl

adnb tau; end;

she

financially

dependent
adherent
(pol.), follower,

henchman
Compounds)

on him, he has to support her; i-JJI J*l aM a4-d. the free non-Muslim subjects
living in
for

^J S danabl caudal,

tail- (in

Muslim countries who, in return


the
capital

appendaged, appendant, dependent

paying

tax,

enjoyed

u^S
i_JJu

unaib petiole, leafstalk

{bot.)

protection and safety;


conscience,
(barra'a)

iuoJi

j*U of pure

upright,

honest;
one's

*jj

mudannab comet
mudnib culpable, guilty; sinner;

1/

to

reheve

conscience,

t_jJL

meet one's Obligation

evildoer, dehnquent, criminal

>

313

<_**j

dahaba a (^Ui dahab,


(Jl to); to

.^a-U

madhab) to

i_-a-U

II

iamadhaba

(deriv.

of

>__a.u
(<~-

go

betake

o.a.,

travel (Jf to);

madhab) to follow, adopt, embrace


a teaching, a religion, etc.)
1

to go

away, leave, depart; to disappear,

vanieh, decline, d windle; to perish, die,

_^ dahab (m. and


|

f.)

gold; gold piece,

be destroyed; with
off,

t-<:

to

carry s.th. gold coin


ateal s.th.,

take

s.th.

away, abduct,
or
a.o.

tj-*^ *^ {obyad)

platinum

sweep
deatroy

s.th.

away,
**

annihilate,

^i
etc.)
|

dahabi golden, of gold; precioua,

s.th. or s.o.; Jl
s.o.

i_-*i

to lead or

excellent, apposite (e.g., advice, saying,

conduct

to,

take

s.o.

along to; to

i*i

*jT

golden word, maxim,

think, believe (Jl s.th.), hold the. view,

epigram
*J

be of the opinion

(Jl that);

to esoape

{&
^ti

dahabiya

pl.

-t

s.o.; flg.), slip (ij* s.o.'s

mind), jl c#

dahabeah,

long light-draft houseboat, used on the

to lose sight of the fact that..., forget

Ne
L_jlfej>

that

...;

to ignore, skip, omit


.
.

(^
.,

a.th.);

(with imperf.) to prepare to to...


j

be about
forth,
t-J&i
l*

dahab going; passing, passage,

*l>j

^i

to go back

and
Jl

falling

away, decrease, dwindling,


;

losa,

walk
te;

up

and down;

j-

-bul

disappearance

leave,

departure;

trip,

(ab'ada) to

go beyond...

(flg.);

<--*ij

journey; outward-bound trip or journey


(as

(naz'atihi)
\>iL

what follows
^>l

along

opposed to

i_jLI

iyb return
(o!

trip;
J

these lines;
idea of
it!

--A-i;

(yudhabu) the
it!

railroad);

opinion,

view

Jl

that)

you can't mean

^.u

!_~aS

LLIj LiUi (iyaban) there

and back; back

(audan) to be futile, be in vain, be of no

and

forth,

up and down;

v^b

v^

'

r^Jl r!p' " (adrja r-riydh) to go the ways of the winds, i.e., to pass
avail;

tadkarat d. wa-iyb round-trip ticket

^>j duhb going

u-*Ly

^j*i Coming

unnoticed, without leaving a trace; to

and going; uy>ij


ups and downs
,__*!*

--

j coming and

end in smoke, come to nothing, be


be in vain;
j-IjJI

futile,

going, in a State of fluctuation, having its

^^iT

<_~*i

(ka-amsi

d-dbir) to vanish into thin air, disap-

pear without leaving a trace

(lit.:

like

madhab

pl. t_j&l-U

madahib 2 going,
out, escape
{^t,

yesterday
h'ihi) to
s.th.;
s.o.

gone

by)

ol^

leave,
>_-*i

departure;
;

{bi-ba

way

take the glamor


>__*i

away from
to
kill

from)

manner
or

followed, adopted pro-

cedura <cj
(bi-nafsihi)
etc.)
;

policy,

road entered upon

opinion, view, belief; ideology; teaching,


(joy,

terror,

J Lac ,_j

(bi-

doctrine;
kaylihl) to let one's imagination

movement,
school;
(Isl.

orientation, trend

wan(also
pol.);
rite

der (Jl

to);

a~*X

^j

mazhab,
;

orthodox
creed,
4-*i.

(madhabah) to
(see

of fiqh

Law)
|

religious

embrace
follow
one's

s.o.'s

madhab

below); to
faith,
s.o.'s belief

denomination

s.o.'s

teaching,

make
s.o.'s

SLJ-l
life,

(hayh) his philosophy of

his Welt-

own,

embrace

ideas;

to

anschauung;

(^jLLI

(_-*.iil

(mddi)

the

adopt

s.o.'s policy,

proceed exactly like

materialistic ideology, the

materialistic

s.o.; i_-a-u ^p !_^j

(kuUa madhabin) to do

approach to
very
far, be

life;

I-Laj

La-u i_jo to go

everything conceivable, leave no stone

very extensive
denominational,
con-

untumed, go to greatest lengths


gild
(* s.th.)

II

to

IV to cause to go away,

^.u madhabi
fessional; sectarian

make

disappear,

remo ve, eliminate


(a s.th.,

s.th.); to

take

away

^ from

s.o.)

L-aa. madhabiya sectarianism

314

w^lj dhib:

^JJl i^*lj

rf.

al-laun faded,

daintt (with

foll.

genit.) possessor,

owner,

oolorlesa, discolored

holder or maater of, endowed or provided

4j

yj*-** marfAflft btAf

m.

oi-'ogZ

out of one's

and JUl v.J*k mind, demented

with,

embodying or oomprising

s.th.

J2*
"***

j'i

du
du

'aql

endowed with

brains,

bright, intelligent;

JU

ji rieh, wealthy;

w-*i* mu{ZaAAa&, miq^Aoo gilded

j'i

fiihha

healthy;

uU
<JjJl\

ji jj

important,

significant;

4 San du U

J*j daAala a (daW,


B.th.);

J^i

jiuAfiJ)

to forget,

gurb relative, kin(aman);


(zar'tn)

overiook, omit, neglect,

fail

to heed (j*

fjj ji j

unoultivated (Und);

dahila

a (J>*j duAJ) to be

min

dt go&Ju

than before; *~ ji

JJ ^i ,y ^y* min
relatives,

perplexed, alarmed, diamayed, atartled,


aurpriaed, baffled; to be astonished, be

di nafrihi of one's

taneously ;

amazed; to
flinch ; to

frighten, soare, take alann,

own y ji dawhv

aooord, aponbis

bis kin, his folka; *ijl\j Ij^II jji

daw
ac-

be absent-minded, be diatraoted

Umawadda

wa-l-ma'rifa fhends

and

to be or beoome diatraoted (j* from),


forget,

quaintances; olfJl jji datr J-JuiruAdf

overiook,

fail

to heed,

negleot

dubioua persona, people of


lill

ill

repute;
in-

(j* s.th.) IT to baffle, atartle, nonplus


( s.o.); (. s.o.)

jji

daw

S-ia'n

important,

to diatraot (j*
forget (j B.th.)

s.o.

from),

make

TU =

fluential
(or

people; the competent people

faktia

authorities),

those oonoerned
jij\

with

J^i dvhvl

perplexity, oonsternation,

the matter; j-VI

vi l-amr rulers,

bafflement, daze, Stupor; oonfusion, be-

leaders; Xullf Ji-I jij\ ul l-ha wa-l-'aqd


influential people, those in

wilderment, dismay, alarm, fright; surpriae;

power

amazement, astonishment; abaentdistraotion,

mindedness,

distraetednesa

dt pl. oljj dawt being, essenoe,


seif;

natura ;

peraon,

personality;

the

(jpfrom)
J*li dh negligent, forgetful, obVious, diatraoted,

aame, the seifsame;


absent-minded; dazed,

-seif; oljill

people

of rank, people of diatinotion, notables;


Uli rfdtan personally
|

^Jl oli

d. oZ-batn

in

a Stupor
Jjki,

disagreement, diaaenaion, disunion, diaperplexed,


atartled,

madht

cord, enmity;
ot-/ano
ar-ri*a

friendship;
(med.);

_-ii-l

>li d.

alarmed,

diamayed,

dazed,

oonfuaed,

pleuriay

*yl

oli

d.

baffled, bewildered;

distraoted, absent-

pneumonia; jJ-Jl oli

d. a$-padr

minded
J*.L ing

diseaae of the ehest, peotoral ailment;


jJI c-li d.

al-yad wealth, affluenoe;

mv4h

startling, baffling,

amaz-

Uj4jI d. atdlno*

our possessiona; j^c


to the
right,

1
!

O O
oli
dato

ddfa J-yamtni

Jl,Ajl

J*ij

mundah alarmed, diamayed,

ddfa &-Hmdli to the


l-yaa&ri do.; ^

left,

jU-Jl

perplexed, atartled, baffled; diatraoted,

oll ddto marrattn onoe,

absent-minded
ji ixhn
pl.

one time, ^ oli


fji

/ d<W

marraiin do.;

^^
ddlt

UjI ahn mind;

intellect

/i

yaumin one day, p> olj j yaumtn do.; 4 olj j / ddft


rf***

J*i $ikni mental,


X^h'i

intelleotual

gadin sometime in the future,


long;...

before
genit.)

olS jfidti ...(with


concerning
...,

foll.

iikniya mentality

u
f.

to...,
re;
.,

with referenoe

j'i

rf, gerat,

ji

dl, aee. li da,


^Jjl
Zfl,

oii
f.

dt,

to...,

olilb
. . .

bi-4-dt

none
. . .

other

pl.

m. jjj daw,

pl.

olfj

than

. .

of

all

thinga,

of

all

315

J3J
in vain for,

people; penonally, in peraon; ol^IU l


I t of all

make

futile efforta in

order

people
oiiJ

noiie other

than
all

to II to diaaolve, nwlt, liquefy ( s.th.)

I ...; olli

in

London, of

IT to diaaolve

(alao, o.g., tableta in water),

places : ol JJL. SjUJI (sa'drfa) eaaential happineaa, happineas proper;

liquefy ( s.th.); to melt ( s.th.); to

*- olj it
aelf,

amelt

(*

metal);

to

oonaume, apend,
|

na/tiU, jt-jA oli 4- anjus&im hie


their
<j'li

ezhauat, uae up, aap (* a.th.)


(jvJutah) to

*#- w*ljt

aelvea,
<j'li,

hia

(their)

very natu;

ezhauat
('uaarota

a.o.'a

energy; w*lil

j,

(he) hinuelf; >Ji\

ol i the
Ilil

<it

IjLu

mvilfM) to raok

Barne thing; L-Nl


Lr'li

oli the aame things;


Ka*
in
f'li

one'a brain with

i_JI

(*><<o)

the aame year;


(itself);

^jj &avb
aa a liquid)

diaaolution;

aolution (alao,

iitihl

by hinuelf
for hia (ita)

in itself;
ili

uch;

own
AoAii

aake;
rf.

itaelf; jlj

/l

do.; jUi

ihji

fawabdn

diasolution,
|

melting,
Uli

aelf-exiatent t independent, self-oontained,

deliqueaoenoe, liquefaotion
i^jhil)
4.
af-lal)
(o|-fii2fl/)

obji

iaolated; oliJLi <2JI (Jtoo) aelf-oonfidenoe;


olill

anowbreak,
meltable,

w
J

AuW>

orf-rf-

and oll *^ moAo*.


Belfiahneaa,

thaw;

OLijiJJ Jil

q&b

li-i-i.

6ol

oj-tf.

eelf-love,

egoiam;
eelfself-

aoloble, dissoluble

oUI

j|^VI
jli;

aelf-oonfidenoe,
self-evident,

wjjX"

todwib

diaaolution,

aolution,

relianoe;

melting, liquefaction
>II

explanatory;

<;IS i/ifc*

mwtjgii
j,l

aVUoAfi

aelf-oontradictory;

olp

ibn

aatnU

i$Aba diaaolution, aolution, melt-

deaoended from a good family, highbom


jli jfOK own, proper; aelf-produced,
eelf-creeted, apontaneoua; personal; self-

ing, liqnefaotion

wJli iVib diasolved; melted, molten;


aoloble, diaaoluble

acting, aatomatio; subjeotive (pAtlo*.);


(pl. -fi)

oli and oljj aee ji


(ijj) jlj

subjeotivist (pMlot.); Ljli rfo>

(iym of oj., by oj.; penonally, penon Jljll J-I (Awbm) autonomy


|

in

aVMa u
away,

(tfaurf, jLiJ (ftyotf)

to aoatter,

drive
(j
,

ohaae
a.th.

away; to remove
from); to defend,
|

b.o.,

v'i tfAdy" penonality; aubjeotdvism


(pAtloe.); identity (of a penon)
|

ijlill

J^

protoot (j

8.O., B.th.)

*JLe Je fjjl ili

(an>-nauma

'm

*anatA) to drive or

keep

identifioation (of

a penon)

the aleep from hie eyea


3,j a.th.)

v'^V

ld-40t(ya impenonality

favd defense, protection (j of

Jljj gViwaW high-olaaa, ezelnaive, lux-

jLi tfiydd defense, protection (j of


'iilji

aee

Ji
rf**

s.th.)

>jX>

mi$uad

pl. >|fl*

majwid? manger,

'(w<jj)

v'^

"

tf

Olj^i

oVwaMn) to

orib, feeding

trough

dissolve;
liquefy,

to

melt; to
to

melt away; to
dwindle away,

ijli aVtrf pl. Sjlj

gVMa defender, proteo-

deliquesoe;

tor
(jj) j'i

vaniah; to pine away, waate

away
grief

(/--

^j

kasralan
|

va-amm with
^lj
(/kayd'an)

and

tf^lja

(aVwf, jlji

iawSq, jli.

aoirow)

LjLifcl

to die of

ma^d}) to

taste,

sample

( food, etc.); to

ahame;

o<U

(oa/druM) to atrive

try, try out, tost ( a.th.); to get

a taste

JJJ

316

(a of s.th.), experience, undergo, suffer


(a s.th.),
( s.o.)

9jii

duy'

widespreadness,

common

go through

s.th. (a)

IV to have

ness; spreading, spread, disperaion, diffuaion; circulation (of news)

taste or sample (a s.th.), give (a

s.o.

s.th.)

to taste

to taste (a

s.th.)

fb-u midytf
talebearer,

pl.

jl-U madyi' 2 telltale,

slowly, repeatedly, thoroughly; to get a


taste (a of s.th.); to sense, perceive (a
s.th.);

tattler,

blabber,

indiscret

person; radio Station, broadcasting Station; broadcasting ; microphone;


aet
ic i 1
I

to enjoy thoroughly, savor, relish

radio

(a s.th.); to derive pleasure {<>* from)

jjj
sense;
taste) ;
for)
;

daxtq

pl.

jljjl

agwq

gustatory

id'a
;

spreading,

dissemination

taste

(j for; also,

e.g., literary

propagation

announcement, proclamaa tape; as opposed to


radio;
(pl.
|

perceptivity,
sensitivity,

responsiveness

(j

tion; publication; revelation, disclosure;

sensitiveness;

savoirliking,
j

playback
cording);
(radio)

(of

re-l)

vivre,

suavity,

urbanity

tact ;

broadcasting,

inclination; taste, flavor {of food, eto.)

broadcast,
*.

transmission

iclil

JUI

jj-l

good taste

jL*^Vl
<jjiij

al-akbr newscast,
(talfaziya)

news

(radio);

Jjj daugi of taste, gustative, gustatory


Jlji

iclil

television

broad-

cast,

telecast;

SXL*^
icl i
I

icl

(l-silkiya)

dawq taste

and
connoisseur,

<J jiji_i [)

radio
,j->j^\

broadcast
**'i'
al-i.

3 \j*

dawwq

epicure,

broadcasting,
radio ;
icl iV
I

radio;
*Lf

police

gourmet, bon vivant


jlJu UJl i

majaat

radio

madq

taste

magazine
aj'Ij

daiqa sense of taste


%

d'i'

widespread,

circulating, in ciroulation ; widely

common, general; known


|

^ji daw

and daiciya a to wither,

wilt,

ir

N.n'l

*j\*

d.

ap-pit

famous, noted,

re-

fade; to be withered, be dry

IV to cause

nowned, widely known


mX

to wilt, to dry
j\'i

madV

spreader,

disseminator,

dwin withered, faded, drooping

propagator,

proclaimer ;

broadcasting,

transmitting (used attributively); (radio)

^i See ji
(wi) pli d"a
i

transmitter; radio announcer


(f-^jj

duy') to spread, get

4mJu mudi'a
{radio)

pl. -t

woman announcer

about,

circulate,

be

spread,

be

dis-

seminated, be or become widespread; to


leak out, become public,

become generally
s.th.);

Jjj

II to furnish. (a s.th., esp. a

book) with
(a to);

known IV

to spread, spread out, dis<~j

an appendix, add a Supplement


to provide (a s.th.) at the end

(<-j

with)

seminate, propagate (* or

to

make known, announce, make


publicize,

public,
;

IV to trample underfoot, degrade, debase (a


Jji
s.th.)
pl.

publish
(a

(a

or

v
<_j

a -th.)

to

promulgate

or

^
(a

s.th.);

to

show,
give

da

Jjji

duyl,

jLil

adyl

manifest, display

or

s.th.),

the

lowest or rearmost

part

of s.th.,

evidence (a or
divulge (a or

of); to reveal, disclose,

lower end; tau; hem, border (of a gar-

<-j

s.th.); to

emit

(a electrio
s.th.,

ment); train (of a skirt); lppet, coat


tau; bottom, foot, end (of a page); ap-

waves); to broadcast, transmit (a

J* to the public; radio)


(taifam) to telecast (a s.th.)

SjiiJL

Jil

pendage, appendicle; addenda, Supple-

ment, appendiz (of a book); retinue,

317

,b
lengthy, extensive; -JLiL> ji_c tama&saka
bi-adyliht to
;

attendants,

suite;
|

dependent;

result,

consequence

*bi

immediately thereup-

oling to s.o. 's coat tas,

after; Jj-UI j*li innocent, blameless,


right,

honeBt;

Jj-1

Sjl<i

fahrat ad-4-

hold onto s.o. UJi Jj j J*/- (jarra/afff) to wipe out s.th., bring about the doom
of
s.th., let s.th.

innocence, moral integrity, probity, uprightnesB ,

sink into oblivion;

iV

honeety

J-ji-H

Ji^i*

long

^iil

JLiL to reBort to s.th.

r'

name of the

letter j

tjtj

ra'ra'a:

aJ-m

tjfj

{bi-'aiTiaihi)

to

roll

one's eyes
j

rt'o pl. j^Jj ri'n,

oUj

rt'i

lung
,jm\j

jjjj H'awi pulmonary, pulmonic,


Pneumonie, of or pertaining to the lung,
lung (used attributively)
jIj

ra'asa a {i-Uj rt'twa) to be at the head,

be the^chairm&n, be in Charge (* of s.th.);


to preside (* over s.th.); to head, lead,
direct,

manage, nin

(*

s.th.);

^jj

ra'aba

(ra'b) to

mend,
like);

repair, patch

up

rum u

to be the chief, the leader II to

(* a rent,

and the

to rectify, put in

appoint aa chief or head, make the director or leader, entrust with the di-

order, set right {* s.th.)


<jjj ru'ba
i-*t_^

patch
pl.

(for
*->*l_^

mending a rent)
mar'ib* repair

rectum,
( s.o.)

management

or

chairmanship

= ra'asa

Till to

become or be

mtr'ab

the

chief,

head, leader, or director

shop, garage
,jm\j

ra*s

m. and

f.,

pl.

^jjj

ru's,

jjAj (Fr. rapport) report


n^jlj rtinaj resin
iilj

^Jjl ar'ua head


oattle);
chief,

(also aa

a numerative of
head,
leader;

chieftaln,

Upper part, Upper end; tip; top, summit,

= iuj

(look

up

alphabetically)

peak Vertex, apex extremity, end prom; ; ;

ontory,
ijj ru'd soft, tender; ru'd
delicate
Ajj

headland,

cape

(geogr.);

main
gen-

and

.ijj lii (fath)

part ;

beginning ;

Ulj

ra'aan
|

directly,

young

girl

straightway; immediately
ar'd

<-*\j sui

ri'd

pl. iTjl

peraon

of ap-

eris,

in a class

by
e.g.,

itself,

independent,

proximately the same age, contemporary


jl^lj rdr

self-contained,

*J\j

('Um)

science in itself;

^j ^Ij
(with.

(both) alike,

one
radar

like

the

other,

equally,
foll.

without
genit.)

distinetion;

^lj Jp

JKjlj radikal* radical


_jjilj

at the head of ; at the end of; at the be-

ginning
tdiy radio

of, befdte, prior to; ,>*llj

^ J*
r.

(vxi-l-'ain)

very gladly; just as you wish!

^jJ^jjIj rdiylji radiology


rji^J rdiym radium
active

at your Service! il^-iVl


il-aihd in public, for

^jjj J* *d
all

the world to

J&U ^j'j ji radio-

see ;

i_Jp Jp L-tj ra'aan *al 'aqbin upside down, topsy-turvyi e.g., i_-i* J* L-lj *-l;

rl
(qalabah) to
side

318

tum

s.th.

completely up-

ways; Eg.);

<-!>^ tr4-*J

f * o-nuu7tflft

down, upaet
j.al

s.th.

from the bottom

President of parliament, Speaker of the


(lower) house; i^^J-l

up;

Jl

|.ail ljM*-\ J|

^]J\ * (qadam) or ^\j\ (afcmafil-qadam) from


*ij to

>

^jHl*

^j

r.

hai'at

arkn aUharb ohief of general


IjjjJI r.al-ttmzard*

staff ;

^j

head to toe; Utj *


s.th.;

pay attention to

and

jljjJl ^-iJj

prime

oU^fl ^tj the prinoipal ev, the

minister, premier

root of all ev; ijj ^-lj


(cape,
f.

Ras Tanura
;

<-mj

ra't manageresB;

directress;

Saudi Arabia,

oil oenter)

*j$ ^-Tj

mother superior
{S

|m

clove of garlio;

^^1

^j

r. ai-jisr

bridgehead; 4-.U- ^tj (hmiya) hothead,


hotepur, firebrand ; iiJl

-uj
|

ro'W

main,

chief,

principal,

^tj

r.

u-sana
ospital

leading

^-ajj j>> {daur)


(S

leading role,

New
head ;

Year; Aj*Ji ^-1j

leading part;
r. oJ-'aTnfld

mj yi

(abab) principal

(of acolumnorpilaster); *-UJl ^-Ij letterJL.

cause,

main reason;

^j jU mainstreet;

^lj pl. Jl^.1 ^j}j


^1^)1

oapital (jSn.);

*e-$Jb JJLill cardinal virtues(CAr.);iJLi-

^T^ll -U-. maaqaf, mcuqif ar-r. birthplace,

<s-uj (maqla) editorial, leading article,


leader

home town;
(tutrtm.);

er mi
(baiad)

ar-r.

zenith

J\j\

oL)l

the capital

&u-iJ rayy (=
rank; Eg.)
|

^j)

city;

gL/l/l ^jjj tiptoes

jb/

^^

mate (naval (mumUz) a naval


offioer 3rd class;

ranjc (approx.
,j-lj ra'ri

= petty

head

(adj.), oephalio;

main,

Eg. 1039)

chief, prinoipal;

perpendioular, vertical

*-Uj

n*<I*j,

i-Uj nydao

(also

i-L)

JLclj raVfmUf
capitalist

oapitalistio ;

(pl.

-n)

leaderahip,

leading

positiou ;

manage*
presi-

ment,

direction;

ohairmanship;

5JLe*lj ra'j-fluJyo oapitalism

denoy, presidentahip; supervision, super-

intendenoy
irjSj

ijljjJl

*-Uj prime ministry,

ra'U

pl.

Ujj

ru'aa'*

one at the

premiership;i-L^l jbpreaidentialpalaoe,
seat of the chief exeoutive of a country

head, or in Charge, of; head; chieftain;


leader; ohief, bse; raia; direetor; head-

maeter, principal; ohairman; governor;


President; manager, Bupenintendent; oon-

^jj

tara"us direotion, management;

ohairmanship

duetor (miu.); superior (as distinguished

^jj
(wadis)

raw'* cIFb Uning rirer beds

from tfjjj* aubordinate); (m.) oaptain (Ir. 1022, Leb.; formerly also 8yr. and
Eg.);
Jjl

'

^j

(awwal)

mUitary rank

WJJj*

fflar fi'

aubordinate;

(pl. -fin)

between captain and major ( Fr. capitaine 2**" claut; Ir. 1922, Syr. 1062)
|

subordinate, a subaltern
J\j ra'afa
4*Tj

4UVI j aJd\
<-*jJ-I

^j arohbiahop;
fj-Mj

t-iUI

^j
5jI

r.ai-

ra'fa) to
(<^>

a and Jj ro'u/a u (Tj ahow meroy (<- on


with
s.o.),

ra'/a,
s.o.),

baladiya ohief of a munioipality, mayor;


editor-in-ohief;
^^-jIj

have pity

be kind, gra-

oious, meroiful
*i\j

(^ to
iTj

s.o.)

do.

r.arknal-harb ohief of general staff;

C*j_^II
tocol,

^j

ra'fa

and

ra'fa meroy,

com-

r. ai-tairift

ohief of pro-

passion,

pity;

kindlinww,

graciousness

maater of oeremonies (of the king;


5

formerly Ir.);

\ciJl

^j
r.

archdeacon;

J>jjj ra'Qf meroiful, compaaaionate;


kind, benerolent; gracious

Mj*
(ir.,

(>rjjj r.

'ura/d* (mtf.)

maater Sergeant
al-aqsm tech-

Syr.);

(Ul/I

^j

jljl

ar*af*

kindlier,

more gracious

nical direetor general (of the State Rail*

(^ toward)

;; ,

319

A,
ly,

L*lj nS/tyd raffia,

rafha palm

act the hypoohte, (dis)simulate, dis(

semble

toward
(*
.

s.o.)

IV

jjjl

onl to show,
\<jj ^ y

Yb
Vj

ra*omo a (ra'm) to repair, mend


ro'iflw

(* s.th.)

demonstrate

to

s.o. s.th.)

turd (in interrogative sentences) what's

o (Uj K'fnJn) to love tenderly


be very fond (* of); to treat

your opinion? would you say


der
. . .

...! I

won. . .

(* a.th.),

&J

L Ji

wonder when
if
. . . ,

tenderly, fondle, caress (* a.th.)

Ja iSj tur hol I wonder


say that...
if

would you

fj

ri*m

pl. aTjI

ar'm white antelope,

To*U Uly
Jlj1

(a-furdAd)I wonder

addax
f

the has eome, would you say ahe has

oome? j_j*I
j*j n*m loving, tender (mother to

would you say I should go


VI to pro-

back?

V to deem, think, believe


s.o.)
;

her children)

sent o.a. to or oome intos.o.'s ( J) view, show

tl

pL) rAfflo^oA

Ramallah (town

in

W Jor-

o.a.

J to

to appear, seem ( J to

s.o.)

dan,
<-*lj

of Jerusalem)

to appear right, seem appropriate (J to


s.o.),

be thought proper (J by

s.o.);

to

rmiya ramie, a strong, luatroua bast Aber; China Jute (bot.)

see

one another; to look at

o.s.

(in

mirror); to aot the hypoorite; to fake,


fcign, simulate
(._*

s.th.)

Till to eonsider,

'jlj

rwand rhubarb
ra' tfj yar (ra'y, l>Jj ru'ya) to see;

oontemplate
(ul that),

(* s.th.) ; to

be of the opinion
|

deoide (l that)

Ulj

JJ

(ra**

Jj

yan) to have an opinion; *Aj ^tjl (m'*

to behold, desory, peroeive, notioe, observe, disoern (* s.th.); to look (* * at


s.th. as),

yah) to share
j;ij

s.o.'s

opinion
<!r<!*

regard (* *
(*

s.th. as), oonaider,

rtCy

pl. #ljl

opinion,

view;
ad-

deem, think

s.th.

to be

...);

to

idea,

notion,

concept, oonoeption;

judge; to be of the opinion (ul that),


believe, think (ul that); to express one'a

opinion; to feel (ul that); to


priate, think

deem approdeoide (* to eonsider,

proper (*
to

s.th.),

Law) subjective opinion, decision hased on one's individual judgment (not on Koran and Sunna) jTj j and jtj jj* in my
vioe, Suggestion, proposal; (Ul.
|

on

s.th.,

ul
|

do

s.th.);

opinion;

^J\

li*

^
he

Ll

am

of this

oontemplate

C-jIjI a-ra'aita teil


j**)!

me wh&t
!

opinion; ul o)j

is

of the opinion

do you thinkT

Jj Jj

(ra'ya l-'ain)
j;tj (ru**

that

to see with one's

own

eyes; Ujj

; J* Jj\ -U-l (uffia) it was put to the vote, (the matter) was voted
.
.

to be

y) to have a dream; -***" c* J\j (ajaba) amazed at s.th.; ljj\i J\j to

expeot some benefit from

s.th.;

,>.

Jj

J he was not what had expected; J\j *J *) jj 1 he had no say in the matter; fUl J\j\

upon; pAj x* jj

they

Vr'j [min w&jibihi) to regard as one's duty, deem incumbent upon o.s.; ul *J J\j
to think that to
...;

('mm) publio opinion;


sensible, judicious;

jji^l

ji pl.

Ij^f l

jjj

man

of good sense

it

would be

in s.o. 's interest


s.o.'s

and judgment; well-informed, knowledgeable person, one in the

*j\j

^\j (ra'yah) to share


j;jj

know;

Ij^l

JjU

opinion; pass.: ul

(ruiya)

it

was

tabdulal-d. exohange of views; j;T^I <_L*


ptdb ar~r. obstinate, stubbora, opinionated

decided that

...;
it

proper to do so,
right thing to

do

^l ^jj it was feit was thought to be the

&J\ pJ qism
counoil

ar-r.

committoe of experts,

to aot ostentatiously,

on

legal

and eoonomio matten

make a show
to

before people, attitudinize

(attaohed to the ministries; Eg.)


ijjj

do eyeservioe; to behave hypocritioal-

rdya

pl. -t

banner, flag

s\;
ru'ya
seeing,

320

l,Jj

looking, viewing;

having to do with

etc.;

<-*J\

the Lord

inspection, examination
IjJj

(= God)
dream
{approx.
|

tfj*

VJ

(6aA") a naval rank


Eg.)
;

seaman;

JUJl

<-*j

ru'y

pl. iSjj

ru'an vision;

\tjj\ jk*. eifr ar-r. the

Apocalypse {Chr.)
view; vision; apbefore a.o.'s eyes;

father of the faznily, paterfamilias; ^LjjI

UJUt
Jlil

a.

aa-sulfn

the

rulers;
i>*-*
o.

v^j'

^\j* mar' an sight,


parition
|

the capitalists;
;

^1

the As-

J*

Jj- J*

cension (Chr.)

oliUll ^IjjI

al-ma'&t

^ rt-'j i^j J* (wa-masma'in) before the


eyes and ears of; with
Tj* fll

pensioners; JjJj-J' t'^j' those previously

knowledge of
\\j

convicted;

o_yJd\

*bjl

artists

mir'h

pl.

*\j*

mar'in,

ma*
t.

<jj roifea pl. -t

mistress

lady

<J>li
f

*j j

ry looking glass, mirror; reflection, reflected

al-manzil the lady of the house; ^Jl *jj


**j
r.

image

r.al-ba landlady; <^*i


pl. -t

Si'rihi his

~o)j

mirya

looking glaas,

muse;

JI*J-I
ruift

oLj

r. al-hijl

the ladies
<^>jj
;

mirror
Lj ri'*

^j
and
*i>j riy'
;

pl. t_jLj

rM6,

ruifc

eyeservice; hy-

rob, thiokened juice (of fruit)

mash, pulp

pocrisy

dissimulation
((_->

dissemblance

Simulation

of s.th.)

ft >

Tlj*, l\*\j*

mur'h eyeservice; hypooSim-

^j ruifta (with foll. indet. genit.) many e -g-> J^J VJ (rojiti*) many a man, lj ^j (marraitn) many a time

risy,

dissimulation, dissemblance;
(<->

U j rubbam sometimes
be, possibly
iij rabba,

perhaps, may-

ulation
Ij

of

s.th.)

r'in

viewer, onlooker, spectator,

ribba a kind of skin eruption

observer

affecting the

head and face


rabba rebab or rebec,
re-

O Vj
a camera)
jj

r'iya pl. -t view

finder

(of

(_jLj rabab, <i^j

a stringed instrument of the Arabs


seen; visible;

marty

^1-jV the

sembling the

fiddle,

with one to threo

visible things, the visible


t \j

world

strings (in Eg. usually two-stringed)

mur'in

pl. jjij-

muran hypo-

!_uj rabib

pl. IjjI

aribb' 2 foster son,

crite

stepsori; foster father; confederate, ally


iLjjj

iJj

and ts^j

see j

rabiba

pl. iJIjj

rab'ib 2

foster

daughter, stepdaughter ; foster mother;

8 jlj

ry an Egyptian variety of salmon


see
1

(woman)

ally

*<t\j

j!j

Lj_j rubbiya divinity, deity, godship

*_jj ro&fto

(ro&6,

Uj

ribba) to be master,
(*,

Lj

rubbn

pl. -iya,

SjIjj

rabbtTia

be lord,
{*,

have possesaion
s.th.),

of),

control

captain, skipper;

a naval rank, approx.


Ijj

s.o.,

have command or au-

captain,

ll

(tnin)

approx.

thority
raise,

(*, 6

over);

(rabb)

and

II

to

Commander

(Eg. 1939)

bring

up

a child) II to deify,

jlij rabbni divine; pertaining to

God

idolize (*, s.o., s.th.)

oLjIjJI divine things;

jIjjII S^~Jl (?alh)

^j
genit.)

rabb pl,

_jIjj1

arbb lord; master;

the Lord's Prayer (Chr.)


i>j*
(eg.)

owner, proprietor

(Isl.

Law); (with

foll.

mirabba (= Jj murabban)

one possessed

of,

endowed with,

jam, preserved fruit

321

H->

i_jIj

rbb stepfather

come ashen, assume a glowering expression (face)


Jjj-

ilj rbba stepmother

murbadd clouded; gloomy, morose

Lj raba'a a to hold in esteem, esteem highly


(<_>

(face)

s.o.); tf-

aj

Lj to consider
s.th,,

s.o.

above
^-ajj raba$a

s.th.,

above doing
of
s.o.

have too high an


suspect him of

(raba) to wait, look,


(lj

watch, be

opinion

aa

to

on the lookout

for)

to lurk, he

(doing) s.th. or as to expect


s.th.;
o.s.

him
to

to

do

in wait (J for s.o.), waylay,


s.o.);

jp 4-ij bj
s.th.,

(bi-nafsihi)

deem

to lay an ambush,

ambush (J move into an

above

be too proud for, stand

ambush; to take up
expect
~<*>jAi\

positions [mil.)\ to
(a, lj for s.th,)
j

aloof from
i^jj rabi'a pl.
c-jj rabata
{ S.O.)

(a, lj s.th.),

wait

LLj raby guard


to pat, caress, stroke

(j^jy (furpata) to wait (or look) for


<u

an opportunity; j*^\
i

,j*ij

(amra) to

(rabt)
|

wait for

s.th. to befall s.o. or to

happen
for s.o.

II do.

a4>-

J*

iIjj (fcaft'i) to lUjj


(katifihi)

to s.o., e.g., to

J ijJi

4j

^ij to wait

pat

s.o. 's

cheek;

if J*

meet with

disaster

to pat s.o. on the Shoulder; <l- to be self-satisfied, self-complacent,


f-t j

ojj

^-ajy tarabbup probationary


,j-*Jj%

term (adm.)

smug
mutarabbip candidate, aspirant
i {rabd,

rabiha

(ribh,

rabah) to gain {* j+ from

s.th. s.th.), profit (j.

from) ; to win (sports,


L.

^jij

rabada
lie,

^jij rubd)
s.o.)

to

lie

down;

gamea)

cfj\^- *-j

(tijratuhum) their

to

reat (animals ; with the ehest to the

businesa was unprofitable II

and IV to
()

ground); to lurk (J for


,jjtij

make

( s.o.)

gain, allow s.o.


arftA

a profit
profit;
pl.

rabad

pl.

^IjjI arbd outakirts,


lie

ri&A pl. -ljjl


interest

gain,
;

suburb; place where animala


rest
,j-*Jj*

down

to

benefit ;

(on

money)

pro|

ceeds, returns, revenues;


J3-J

dividends

marbid

pl, ,jai\j*
lie

marbid 2 place
to rest; sheep

^j

simple interest, <-Sj


interest

{murale

where animals
pen, fold

down

kab)

Compound
rubbh
2

t\jj

pl. ^-Ijj

rababih 2

monkey

Jijj rabada
fast,

(rabt) to bind, tie

up,

make

ftJ
tive

arbah more profitable, more lucra-

moor
t.

(* s,th.); to tie, fasten, attach,


s.th. to);

hitch (Jl

to connect (Jl * s.th.

with); to
~*-\j*

fix,

murbaha

appoint, determine (* s.th.);

(Isl.

Law)

resale with

to value, rate, assess (* s.th.); to add,

speeification of gain, resale with

an ad-

append,

affix

(Jl

* s.th. to); to insert

(Jl a s.th. in); to

combine, unite (*
to hgate {*

a.th.,
s.th.),

f\j rbih
(businesa)

profiteer,

gainer,

winner;

l>jj

ir-j,

-th. with);

beneficiary; lucrative, gainful, profitable

apply a tourniquet (* to); to bandage,


dress (* a wound); to bridle, check
(*, J* a train); to suspend

fwJ* murbih
able
Jjj

lucrative, gainful, profit-

s.th.); to
{

brake

(*
|

cleric; Chr.)
4-ii

ajLJ iajj (lisnah) to


Jjj (qalbihi)

silence s.o.;

J*

to fortify

to become clouded, become overcast

s.o.,

give

s.o.

patience (said of God);


to

(sky); to

tum

ashen, take on a glowering

4-iU- iajj

(ja'Sah)

keep one's

self-

expression (face, with anger)

IX

to be-

control,

remain calm, be undismayed;

J*J
iijiJl -Ujj to praotioe
III

322

highway robbery

i.Uj'

irtibf

oonneotedness, conneotion,

to be lined up, poeted, stationed

link; oontaot, liaison; tie (_* to); Obli-

(troops); to line up, take

to be moored (ahip) ; to
ing poaitionfl
|

up move

positions;

gation, engagement,

oommitment; bear(lj with), relation


|

into fight-

ing

(lj on),

oonneotion

o_ j

J*jIj

(qa^iyahi) Till to

(_ to);

unity; league, confederation


irt.

to defend the oause

of, fight for

^LjjI jJ* bidn

not binding, with-

o.a., oommit o.a., engage o.a.; to be bound (v by, also, e.g., by an Obligation), be tied (lj to); to be linked, be conneoted

bind

out

Obligation (com.); JLjjI J*jL liaison

offleer

J.U-) J*j1j rtf al-jVi composed, calm,


unruffled, undiBmayed, fearless

(^

with); to depend

(._

on); to unite,

join foroes

Ij rtnfa

pl. -UjIjj

ratoif*

band;

^jj rabt binding, tying; fastening, joining, attaching, connecting; fixation, de-

bond,

tie; oonneotion, link; confederation,


|

union, league

lo^Jl Jajjjj

r.

af-$adqa
(**"

termination (of an amount, of a number)


valuation, aasessment
cial allocation;
|

Jl* Jajj finan-

bonds of friendahip; 3-.^" <Mj" lmxya) the Moslem League

UJ\j

Ji-I

>l

ahl al-haU

wa-r-r. influential people, those in

power;
seam,

>J\ t>

makn

ar-r.

(welded)

L-X/ marbf bound; connected; fastened, tied, moored (Jl to); fixed, ap-

weld

(techn.)

pointed; fiied salary; estimate (of the

budget)
]*j_j

rabaf (tun.) aeotion, quarter (of

a
i\j* murdbit poeted, stationed; gar-

city),

suburb

risoned (troops); Marabout


(jaiS)

J*;l_Al tri*-J

j rabfa pl. -t, .ULj ribt ribbon, band,


bandage; bndle; parcel, paokage
*JJ\
r.
|

the Territorial

Army

(Eg.)
(lj

3k j
r.

ar-raqaba neoktie;
31jj

sq gazter; ajjJI

jUl *iuj money purae

as-

Uj* murtabit conneoted linked


pending, oonditional
(lj

with); bound, oommitted (lj by); de-

on)

^Uj
fttfa

ribt

pl. -i, Jjj rufcttf,

5kjl or-

ribbon,

band;

ligature,

ligament;

-jj ro&a'a

a to gallop

(horse);

to

sit;

bandage; dressing (of a wound); bond, Suspension (of a olerio; fetter, ahaokle;

to squat; to stay, live

to quadruple,

Chr.); (pl. -, -luj rvbvf) inn for travelers,

multiply by four, inorease fourfold (* a.th.); to square (* a number) V to sit or


sit

oaravansary; hospice (for Sufis or


|

the poor)
i.^L-1
r.

/r^l ^Uj

r.

al-ajriba garter;

(*arS)

down oross-legged; to sit ^i^Jl Jp qJ to mount the throne, sit on the


|

^Uj r. <U-jaxma shoestring; *JJ' -^J

throne
ij

ar-raqaba necktie
J,ly

rab'

pl.
*>jl

y,j
orfeu*

rvb\

Ijj r*6\

r&,

^tfl -Wjj r* a/-/a#

Rabat

pUjI arbd',
quarters;

home, residenoe,

pl.

(oapital of

Moroooo)
tory, lands;
cJ-/a'J

j
al

fjiJ region, area, terri(group of) people | gj\

j\X.\ Sklij r*6/a<

oompoeure,

JU-'I

Rub'

Khali (desert region in S

self-control, oalmness, intrepidity

Arabia)
rtj rib'i jj\ jf-

)j* marbif, marba,


place where
ftni

pl. -UjIj-

martibip

humrn

r-rib'

quar-

m *l"

are tied

up

tan

(fever)

)j* mirbat

pl.

-Uj- marbip hawser,

*ij rub' pl. f\ij\ arb* quarter, fourth

mooring cable; rope;

terminal

(ei.)

part; roubouh, a dry measure {Eg.

323

4j
iwjtorfrTa pl. ^jl^" tardof* Square,

8.26
-

1);

(*yr.)

25-piaster pieoe

tf>- iJ f

*w*

quarterly, trimestral

quadrangle; Square, plaza; Square panel;


tile,

,yuj ru&'l quarterly, trimestral

floor tue

*mj rab'a; Ay\ iuj


!uUII

r.

aX-qavAm and
f.)

^fzis tarbfi quadratio, Square


^il^l ar-rb?

iuj

r.

ai-qOma (m. and

of

medium

the fourth; Ulj rbi'an

height, medium-aized

fourthly, in the fourth plaoe

4mj ru&'a robhah, a diy measure (Eg.

wlj rooi' (due to erroneous pointing)

C4

= 0.516

1)

_ly

roWnT athlete
lifter, etc.)

(boxer, wrestler.

PjO*

fTiarbtl*

of

medium

height,

me-

weight
-jj

dium-sized
vernal

rooT spring, springtime,

gj*

murabba'

fourfold,

quadruple;

seaeon;

name

of the third and fourth

quadrangular; tetragonal; Square, quadratio; quadrangle;

months of the Muslim year (JjVI ^u r. I, and JUII jy r. a|fdmt Rabia II); quarter, fourth part
al-awwaU Rabia
iwjl arba'a
jVI
(f.

a Square; (pl. -t) quad|

rangular pieoe; quartet

gj j+ (mr)

Square meter; )L>Vl gj quadrilateral


(matt.)

>jl orba*) four

o[i
i*ij*

rfaittl* aJ-a.

the quadrupeds
(f.

murabba' a

pl. -t seotion, distriot,

area

ji*

4ijl

arba'aJa 'aktra

;^i*

ijl

arba'a 'aSrata) fourteen


jtj\

>lj

murbi' partner in an agrioultural

enterprise (sharing one quarter of the

arba'n forty; 0j**jlM a oeree.o.'s

gains or losses)

mony
death
(CAr.)

held an the 40th day after


|

Cr^j^l x*

*Wof-a. Asoenaion

Day

\mJ*

rir

jalasa mutarabbi'an to sit

jpLp rufen oonsisting of


partite,

four, quadri-

lj ruhig" pleasant,

oomfortable

fourfold,

quadruple;

quadranJjj rt6j lasso, lariat

gular; tetragonal; {gram.) oonsisting of

four radioal letters, quadriliteral; quartet;


(pl.

U*j ribqa, rabqa


rioag,

pl.

Jij ribaa, JLjj

hK) quatrain

(poet.)

I^j

y^ (muto
^\jj 6j*

JLji arbg noose

mar) four-power Conference; jk*i\ ^/^j quadrilateral; J^jVt r. l-arjul quad-

^j

<liij

rabaha u (rabk) to muddle, entangle,

ruped(al), four-footed; j\jli\

oomplicate (* s.th.); to oonfuse, throv


into oonfusion
(*, s.o., s.th.)
;

muharrik

r.

l-mihor four-oyole engine

rabika

a (rabak) to be in an involved, oonfused


Situation

UjjVI aJ-ar6a'd*, aJ-arW'd*. LujVI

p>

VIII to be oonfused; to be(

yaum

aj-a.

Wednesday

oome involved
jerboa

in)

jij yarb* pL
(Jaoulus jaculus;

^ly yordW"
cool.)

iihj rabak involved, oonfused Situation iihj rabik oonfused; in trouble, beaet

gj* marba*
*rij-"

pl.

1^ mordet' 1 meadow

by

diffioulties

foroT lunar quarter;

(pl.

^i\J

iJLJjl iriibk pl. -dt

entanglement, in-

torof1 ) quadrangle; Square, plaia (sur-

volvement; Bnarl, tangle, muddle, mess;


oonfusion; embarraBsment; upaet (of the

rounded by housee)
ture of the oircle

IJ lo)l

-_jjT

quadra-

stomaoh)

Aj
*iJj^

324

mwabbik

confusing, bewildering,

care;

v^' *r!J^

(badaniya) physical edu-

disconcerting
iilJj*

oation, physical training; OijJ-1

<^j

t.

murtabik confused, complicated,

al-hayawn cattle farming, stockbreeding


;

involved; bewildered, disconcerted, embarrassed; involved (j in)


fleshy, fat (person) Jjj rabil plump,

r-L^-Ul

"<^j

t.

ad da jaj

chicken

farming, poultry husbandry; iL-Jl <->j

t.as-eamak pisciculture ; olJLJl *~>jt. annabtt plant


oultivation

Jij rabU, rabali fleshy

iSy.J tarbawt, iSj^j tarbiyawi pedagogio, pedagogical


4-jlj

ILj rabla pl. rabali (mass of) flesh (of

the body)

rbiya

pl. -jIjj
pl.

rawbin

hill

rab fleshy, corpulent, fat J-jj


iJLj rabia corpulence
L*

\->j*

murabbin

j\j*

murabbn edu-

oator; pedagogue; breeder (of livestock)


4-jj

murabbiya

pl. -t tutoress,

govern-

j BC6

<-j

ess;

dry nurse, nursemaid

(jij)

crease; to grow; to

^J ra&* u (*^J rabS, jjj ru6;) to ingrow up; to exceed,

,Jja

murabban

raised,

brought

up

educated; well -bred, well-mannered; jam,


preserved
preserves
fruit;
pl.

more than (J* a number, also jp), be 1 ore than a hundred (J*) *^' J* j J ^
1
.

oLi^*

murabbayt

II

to

bring

make or let grow; to raise, rear, up ( s.o.); to eduoate; to teach,


(.

v'j* murbin ueurer ujj mutarabbin well-bred, well-mannered


p-Ljjjjj (Fr. reportage)
pl. -t

instruct

child); to breed, raise (* o.g.,

poultry,

cattle);
III

to develop (* e.g., a practice

method)

to

uBury IV

to

reportage, re-

make grow, augment,

increaee (* s.th.);

port
<1>j\

to exceed (J* a number, an age, a meaeure) V to be brought up, be educated; to

aratt*,

f.

\Sj

ratt' 3 ,

pl. *lj

rutt

af-

be bred, be raised
jjj robw dyspnea, aethma
jjj
hill

flicted

with a Bpeech defeot

i_Jj II to array, arrange, dispose (* a.th. in a

rubwa (rabwa,

ribtva) pl. <Jj

ru&an

regulr Bequence or order); to decorate,


dreas (* a

ahow window); to
(*
s.th.);

settle, deter-

mine,
jij

regulato

to

put into

ribwa

pl. -t

ten thousand, myriad


usurious
interest;

proper order, put together (* words); to


prepare, set aside, earmark (* s.th.); to
fix,

Lj riban interest;

usury
jjjj ribawi usurious
Ijj

appoint (J * a salary for


(* s.th.) reault or

s.o.);

to

rabS surplus, excess; uperiority


s.o.);

accme ( J from), derive (J* * a.th. from), make (* s.th.) the result or consequence of (J*) V to

make

(J* over
<->J

favor cducation,

fall in line;

to be arranged, organized or
lines of ) ; to

tarbiya

upbringing

set

up (along the

be set aeide,

teaching, Instruction; pedagogy; breeding, raising (of animals)


at-t.
|

*~>\

g* sayyi*
ill-bred,

be assignod; to be subordinate (J* to B.th.), be the result or consequence J* of ),


(

ill-bred;

ij>JI

result, follow, derive, spring

(J* from),
(6i-rfim*no*
s.o.

uncivil, ill-mannered;

i-*jjl

]p

*m

at-t.

be cauaed (J* by)


tihi)

u X> i_Jj

pedagogy, pedagogics; JL.VI <j baby

to

become the debtor of

325

rJ
rata'a a (rat', ^Jij rut', g\fj rit") to

<Jj ruiba pl. t-Jj rutab degree, grade,

gj

level ;

rank,

Btanding,

Station ;

class,

pasture, graze; to gormandize, carouse,


feast; to revel, indulge freely

quality; (mil.) rank; olerical rank, ofder


(of

(j

in)

IV to

the

Christian
(Chr.)
|

ministry)
u-f^l

religious
ritual {of

pasture, put out to graze {* cattle)

ceremony
the

i^bT

pJjA

marta'

pl.

Roman

^j*

marcUi* 2

rieh

Catholio Church)

grazing land, pasture; fertile ground (J


for;
fig.);

4j\Sj

ratba

monotony
monotonous
noncommissioned
offi-

breeding ground, hotbed (of

vice, of evil, etc.)

<_*Jj rattb

Ljj

rutab* 1

JJj rataqa

(ratq)

to mend, repair, patch

cers (Syr.; mil.)


~<3j*

up, sew
pl. <--j\j*

up

(* s.th.)

martaba

martib 2 step;

<$j ratq pl. jjjj rvtvq patching,


ing, repair;
l

mend-

a steplike elevation serving as a seat;

dam
i

(of a stocking)

mattress ; grade,

degree,

rank, class
|

dj rataka u

(ratk, ratak,

&

ratakn)

JjVI

v^' J

{l) first (roortgage)

to run with short stepa, trot


2

<^j
array ;
setup;
houses)

tartlb pl. -t Order,

arrangement,
;

dtij*

martak litharge (ehem.)

sequence,

succession

make-up,
e.g.,

layout (of a complex,


;

of
ar-

Jjj ratila a (rata!) to be regulr, well-ordered,

Organization;
provision,

preparation,

neat, tidy II to phrase elegantly


(f

:AS3l al-

rangement,
rite

measure,

step;
|

kalma one's words); to psalmodize,


cite in a singsong; to sing,

re-

of administering a sacrament (Chr.)

chant

(a Spir-

u-ijJ3lj
r^H-r

one by one,in proper Buccession;


Cr*

itual songs,

hymns;

Chr.)

-^

disorderly, in confuaion

Jjj rail pl. JLfjl

artl railroad train


(mil.)

ifZj
ordinal

tartibi

ordinal
|

^J

j.u.

(*adad)

i oPj
^pUj

(li)

motorized convoy
2

number
(pl.

rutail'

harvestman

(Phalan-

^Jlj rtib monotonous;


u-tib 2 ) salary,

<~Z\jj

ra

gium), daddy longlegs; tarantula


JJ_r
tartil

pay, emolument;

pl. <^J\ jj

slow recitation of the Koran

certain supererogatory exercises of de-

(a technical

term of tajwid) ; psahnodizing,

votion
c-Jj- murattab arranged; organized, set

psalmody, singsong recitation; singing,


chanting (of hymns, etc.; Chr.);
Jjlj- tartiP)

(pl.

up, regulated, etc.;

(pl. -t)

salary, pay,

hymn;

religious

song (Chr.)

emolument
j rataja u
door);
tied,
(ratj)

Jy
to lock, bar, bolt (* the

tartila pl. J-jIj-" tartiP

hymn

Jj^t murattil

church singer; choirboy,

ratija

(rataj) to

be tongue:

chorister (Chr.); singer, chanter


(rj

be speechless,

falter

IV paes. *-U jl

ratama

(ratm) to utter, say

(iJ&

bi-

(urtija)
less,

words failed him, he was speech-

kalima a word; only with neg.)


fj

he didn't know what to say, he


at a loss
ritj
pl.
j

was

ratam

(coli.;

n. un.

I)

retem (Re-

tama raetam Webb., Genista raetam


j-IJj

ruiuj,

Alj

rat'if
ar-r.

Forsk.;

bot.)

gate,

gateway

^UjJI SC*

muhkam

firmly bolted (gate)


pixJj ratinaj

<*j ratma
rat'im 2 ,
* j

and **Jj ratlma


ritm thread

pl.

* Ljj

wound around

(=

p^jfj) resin

one's finger as a reminder

yj
(jjj) Ijj rata

326

u and

II

Jj

ratt to

mend,

dam

ahake, quake Till to be conrulsed, shake,

(* o.g., stockings)

tremble, quake

^JSj

(Fr. refcwcAe) riMtf retouch

rj
l*-j

rajj shaking,

rooking, convulsion

rajja convulsion;

shook, concns-

ulj ratlnaj

(=

g^Jlj)

k8^
Win*
incan-

sion

Lu'j (It. refina) rartna pl. JLij

p-Uj r*ij&i trembling, quaking, shaking, rooking

descent mantle
*l*j

rafla * (Jj ratta, SjJj ru^|a) to

be rag-

g-lfjl irtijj

shook, concussion; trem-

ged, tattered,

shabby, worn (garment)


ilij
|

bling, tremor

cerebral concussion

11 e^j' (med.)

wl al-muJ&

ij

rag

pl.

rit$

old,
r.

shabby,
Ip-j

worn, threadbare

iAt

ij

aJ-Aa*'a of

IT to postpone, adjourn,
(* s.th.)

defer,

put off

shabby appaaranoe
oj riga
olothes
old,

outmoded

things,

worn

Ujl

irjS

postponement, deferment,

adjournment
ro^if old,

jj

ahabby, worn, threadbare

w^-j rajaba u and rajiba a (rajab) to be afraid

3Sj rofdta shabbiness, raggedness

w^-j rajab Rajab, the seventh month


ojij rujtlja shabbiness, raggedness
(jjj

of the Muslim year


p-j rajaba

and Jj) Ijj raW u {raiu>) to bewail, lament, celebrate in an elegy, in a funeral
oration
rata
(

atu

(r>*-J *;flA,

^^J

n*#5n)

a deceased

person);

to incline (scale of a balance); to weigh

Jj
Jlj,.

more, be of greater weight; to preponderate, predominate; to


( s.o.);

% (raiy, Ijj rit',

v>

martiya,

surpass, excel

marjA) to bewail, lament, bemoan

a
Ol
Ji*.
.

to be very likely (l that), ^*-j


it

deceased

person); to elegize, celebrate in

appeared to him most likely


( Xj

an

elegy, in a funeral oration (

a de-

that

. ;

to weigh

* s.th. in the

ceased person); to

mourn

(J for, over),
s.o.)*

hand) II to make (*
s.th. eise), give

s.th.)

deplore (J s.o. or s.th.); to pity (J


feel

outweigh (J*
(* to s.th.,

preponderance

sorry (J for)

iLj* Uj to elegize s.o.

(a deceased person), bewail and celebrate

over); to think (* s.th.) weightier; to

bim in an elegy;

*J

uV

(yu^d) a de-

prefer {J* * s-th. to), give (* s.th.) pref-

plorable, regrettable thing

(J* to), favor (J* * s.th. more than) ; to think likely or probable (* s.th. t

erence

Jj

raiy

bewailing,

bemoaning, lam-

Ol

that)

to

carry

greater

weight,

entation
Ijj

be
bewailing, bemoaning, lam-

weightier,

preponderate;

to Swing

rg*

back and
forth,

forth, pendulate; to rock; to

entation; regret; elegiao poetry

seesaw, teeter Till to swing back

and

pendulate; to rook; to seesaw,

VJ r<^y
S-Jj-

pl*

fafayt arthritis, gout


pl. *i*lj* pl. ii<lj*

teeter

martiya and Sj* marfh

1*-Uj rajha forbearance, indulgence,


lenienoy; composure, equanimity
ol*-j rujhn preponderance, predoui-

mariin elegy, dirge, epicedium;


funeral orations

*j

roj'ja

(rojj)

to convulse, shake, rock

inance
ority

(J over),

ascendancy, superi-

Us.th.); pass.ru77atobeshaken l tremble,

; ;

327

e^ j
^^--j rajis

*-jl

arjah 7 superior in weight, preits

dirty, filthy
dirt,

ponderant; having more in

favor,
i-l*-j rajsa

squalor

more acoeptable
more probable
that
. . . |

preferable ;

more

likely,

j^-jV
.

it is
1

most

likely

^-i*-j

rajjs

roaring,

surging

(sea)

probably

. .

^- V J* probably
pre-

thundering
*-j

in all probability

raja'a

i_*jl

arjahiya

preponderance,

(f\yrj

ruj')

to

come

back,

come
turn

again, return; to recur; to resort,


(Jl to); to

dominance, prevalence
*-_t>-jl

recommence, begin again,


to
fall

urjka pl.^-ljl arjih* seeaaw;

resume

(Jl a.th.);

baok

(Jl on),

go

Bwing; cradle

back, revert
auperior in weight, preponita

(Jl to);

to look

up

(Jl s.th.

w-lj

rjify

in a book), conault (Jl a book); to go

derant; having more in

favor,

more

back, be traceable
(jl Jl

Jl to),

be attributable
derive, stem,

acceptable; preferable; probable, likely


~**-j*-j*

to the fact that


4j

...),

spring (Jl from); Jl


vuxrjha
pl. 7*f?\j*

*>-j to

reduce

s.th.

marjih

to
(Jl

(ita

elementa, or the like); to depend

seesaw; swing
1

on); to be due, belong by right


to);

t^ja

murajjah

preponderant,
likely

pre-

(Jl

to

fall

under
(J)

a.o.'a

(J)

Juris-

dominant; probable,
rj*rj rajraja

diction,
sist,

be

s.o.'s

bailiwick;

to de-

refrain

(j-p

from);

to

withdraw
said),

and

II tarajraja

to

tremble,

(je, also j, e.g.,

what one has

quiver; to

sway

revoke, countermand, repeal, cancel (j*


or
(_j,

r^j*rJ Tajrj agitated; trembling, trem-

e.g.,

a decision) ; to turn against


4j

s.o.

ulous; swaying;
Boa
i^-j VIII to

quivering;

r}j>-J\

the

^ J* of s.th. from
(J*);
s.th.,

**-j to claim restitution

s.o.;

to

demand, claim
to entail,

(t-

compose or declaim poema in the


(<->

J* from

s.o.);

involve

s.th.,

a consequence); to have a good


|

meter rajaz; to thunder, roar, surge


jj-j rujz, rijz

(sea)

effect

(j on), be successful (j with)


('o^fitAi)

punishment (infcted by

*J* J* TJ
the

pl.

^U^l J* I^tj

God) ;

dirt, filth

(a'qbihim) to retrace one's steps, go baok

j-j rajaz

name

of a poetical meter

way one came;


one's

***-JI Jl *>-j (sihha) to

regain
jl*-ji arjz
little

health; *j}j~ Jl g-j (#>


one's senses;
*^-j

verees in the meter rajaz;

wbihi) to
4~Ju Jl to

come to
watch
o.s.,
is

(work) song

examine

o.s.;

*^y
...

jj^j'i

urjza

pl. >*-ljl

arjlz 2

poem

jl Jl
Jl

tiJJJ

this

due to the
Jl jTlJJl

fact that

in the
a jj-jl

meter rajaz

,_~uJl

a^j...;

(sabab) the reaaon is to


*j

be found in
look up alphabeticalJy
rajisa a [rajas)
called,
(*-l*-j ra*

C-*-j

he

re-

remembered

...; a+'JS'

**-j {kal*
II

ij^-j

and rajusa u

mihi) to go back on one's

word

to

jsa) to be dirty, filthy; to

commit a
or

cause to come back or return; to return,


give back; to send back; to turn

shameful
dirty
u-*-j

act,

do

a.th.

disgraceful

away

(^
rijs
pl.

b.o.

from); to sing or chant in a

vibrant, quavering tone; to echo, rever-

^U-jl arjs

dirt,

filth;

berate (*

s.th.)

l-u
s.th.,
(*,

*>-j

[adhu) to
a.th. III to

dirty thing or act, atrocity


^r^-j rajas
pl.

return the eoho of


dirt,
filth

echo

^l^jl arjs

return,

come back

to);

to reve-

'

cr j
(* to)
;

328

to go over s.th. (*) again, reiterate,

fj*rj ruj' return;

reverting,
(Jl

coming
trace-

repeat (* s.th.); to go back, apply for

back

{Jl

to);

recourse

to);

Information {*

to),

consult (* a book),
(

ability (Jl to);

revocation, withdrawal,

look up (# in a book); to turn

to

s.o.,

retraotion

je

of

s.th.)

restgnation,

in s.th. for advice, etc.), consult, aak to refer


(*,

surrender (j* of s.th.); reolamation; recall;

( s.o.);

to); to check, verify,

restitution,

retum

JbjJl

fyrj by

examine

critically (* s.th.); to audit {*


|

return mail
5-j

accounts, etc.)

<U* w-'j

e (

agluh) to
(nafsah)

rajV excrement
marji' pl. -*-lj* marji* 3 return;

come toone's
to try to

senses;

make

ct'j up one's mind, reconsider

**;-j

the whole thing, think the matter over;

authority to which one turns or appeals;


place of refuge,
sort ; retreat;

-0 yurja' (in cross references) see ... IV to make or let return; to take baok,
turn back
s.o.)

recourse,

re-

authority ;

competent

authority,

(Jl s.o.

to s.th.); to force

responsible agency; source (esp. scientific),

to turn back; to ascribe, attribute,

authoritative

reference

work

re-

trace ( Jl * s.th. to)

V to retum, come again;


VI to return to one
fall

source; source to which s.th. goea back


or to

to reverberate, echo

which

s.th.

can be

attributed;
|

another; to withdraw, retreat,

back,

starting point,

origin; recourso (jur.)


Jurisdiction,
is

back

off; to

retrograde,

fall off,

diminish,

jkJI

a^-j*

m.an-nazar
he
I

com-

deteriorate ; to dopart gradually (je from)


to fall behind, lag

petence:
to; Jl
ilii

4JI *-jJJ

the one to

tum

bchind to chango one's


;

(**-j^'

am

mind X
(a),

to

demand the

return of s.th.

to to

...; Jl ^yiJl ...,

IIa (**-j*

thereby referring
this
...; is

was due

reclaim (a s.th.); to get back, recover,

was attributable to

rctrieve, regain (* s.th.); to take back,

J-l (m. ul-fadl) tho merit

fry ,?J' due to thera

withdraw

(o.g.,

!-Uj

wadan

a promise),
4-*>-^ marji'iya authority

revoke, ropeal, countermand, cancel (*


s.th., o.g.,

a decision); to say the words:


Ij'I

i*>-1j-

murja'a reiteration, repetition;


study,

jjo~\j aJI Ulj *u


ilaihi rji'n
tihi)
|

inn
Jl

li-llki

wa-inn
(hjiza*

inspection,

examination;

con-

*U-

**-jwl

sultation (of a reference work); request;

to

call

s.th.

to mind, recall s.th.


(also
r.

application, petition (esp. to an authority); application

**-j

raf coming back, return;


*-j r. as-saut,
(_j-UdJ!

for

advice or Instruc-

Oj_aJi

**-j
-

op-

tions, etc., consultation (of s.o.); chock-

$ad)
in the

echo

^-aJ'
|

' i^" ^a r

-basar

ing,

verification, re-examination;

audit-

twinkhng of an eye,

in a

moment

ing, audit (also ^L-A-l Za*-\j+);

revision,

correction (of a manuscript)


,j^tj raj'i reactionary; retroactivejrev-

ocable

(Isl.

Law)
\

^j^-j

Ij

(bi-aiar)

with

fU-jl

irj'

return, restitution; rcfund(Jl to);

rotroactive force (jur.)


i_-j

ment; attribution
to)

reduction (Jl

raj'iya reactionism, reaction


*1

tarju'

withdrawal,

retreat

j>-j

raj'a return;

recurrence; revoreceipt,

change of mind; recession, retrogradation

oation,

cancellation ;
rij'a

voucher;

rafa,
wife
(Isl.

retum

to one's wife after


9 Lfjl irtij*

divorce, remarriage with one's divoroed

retum

to an older form or

Law)

Order, reactionism, reaction

,^**-j

ruj' reactionism, reaction

^Lfjl

irtijcfi

reactionary

320

*J
jU-j rijl J^-j rajul pl.
rijlt great,

fl.j^-l

istirj*

reclamation; recovery,

man;

pl.

O^U-j
Jl*-j
r.

retrieval;

retraction, withdrawal, revo-

important men, leading Perof distinction


|

cation
-Ij

sonalities,
rji'

men

ilj^II

returning, reverting, eto.;


<JI to);

r.ad-daula atatesmen;

Jl

jU-j

aa-

due, attributable
longing (Jl to

rightfuUy be-

sanod infonnants, sources of Information

s.o.);
|

subject (J to a.th.);
"**r^

JU-j
parel)

rijli

men 's,

for

men

(e.g.,

ap-

depending

(J on)

^-\ (hwnm)

relapsing fever
-1^.

*J^*-j ntjla masculinity, virility,

man-

murji* checker, verifier, exam|

hood
*Jj>tj

iner; reviser

oUL-A-1 pfr^j

al-his*

rujliya

masoulinity,

virility,

bat auditor, comptroller

manhood
be con- marjil 2 cooking J-j- mirjal pl. Jr'j
kettle, caldron; boiler
jLrfijl
irtijl

Juj-j

rajafa

(rajf, li*-j rajafn) to

vulsed, be ahaken; to tremble, quake; to


ahiver, shudder;

to agitate, convulse,
( .o.)

ahake
or
(*

( s.o.)

IV to make
to

tremble

improviaation, extempo-

ehudder;
s.th.);

convulse,
lies,

shake,
falsa

rock

rization,

extemporary speech
extemporary, improviaed,

to spread

rumore;

JLtfjl irtijli

alsowithi-j,e.g.,ol^L; Ju^jl
to

(bi-ftir't)

impromptu, offhand, unprepared


J^-Ij rj
pl.

spread calumnies Till to tremble,

quake; to shudder
~<**rJ

JrJ rafl> "^Wj

rajjia,

JU-j
rajfa (n. vic.) trepidation, tremor;

rujjl,

'^-j rujln going on foot,

Walking; pedestrian

shudder, shiver

JU-j

rajjf

trembng,

quaking

J*v* murtajal improviaed, extemporaneoua, extemporary, impromptu,


off-

shaken, convulsed
JiU-jl irjf pl.
i-ijr-ij'

hand
arjlf1 untrue,
1

disquieting talk, false


rajila

rumor
walk
II to

jr j

rajama u (rajm) to stone

s.o.);
|

to
-*-j

curse, J^-j

damn, abuae,

revile ( s.o.)

a to go on
let

foot,

comb

t-jJ U {gaib) to talk about s.th. of which one

(*
it
je-

the hair); to

down
I;

(* the hair), let

knows nothing;
<_*Jl> do.
jj-j

to gueaa, aurmise,

make

hang long

to dismount (j- or

conjectures; to predict the future II ^-j

from; rider); to assume masculine


like a

mannora, behave
to walk
all

man

<iJ*

<j

^j

rajm stoning;
|

(pl. jj-j

rujm)

the

way

VIII to improvise,
missile
(*

<_^J L;

>-j

(gaib)

conjecture,

extemporize, deliver offhand

a speech)

guesawork; prophecy
j-j

to bocome a man, reach the age of

manhood, grow up; to act like a man, display mascune mannera or qualities
J-j
rijl
f.,

rujum shooting
pl, --j

stars,

meteorites
jU-j

i^j rujma
tombstone
^-j

rujam,

rijm

pl. Jr-> 1

ar 7 ul

foot J
(

le 8

JrJ

r *i'

P*- Jl*-->'

of locuats);

arf swar111

es P-

rajim

stoned

cursed,

damned

common
;

puralane (Por2

see also alphabetically

tulaca oleracea L.

bot.)

J^j raj going on foot, Walking

pedeatrian,

f-}

aj^J look

up

alphabetically

*jj*rj*

marjna basket

yrj
(j*rj)

330

Vj
;

:L*-j*
{*)

r? u (Vj Ta '* W-j jA, marjo) to hope; to hope for B.th.


(* s.th.),

^j rajiya a to beoome silent; to remain silent; pass. -L ^j (rujiya) to be tonguetied,

to expeot, anticipate
(* to); to

look for-

be unable to utter a sound

ward

wish (* for

s.th., *

s.o.

s.th., e.g., suooess);

to ask {* for s.th.,

rt-j (Fr. rigime) rijim diet


^--j rahiba

,>or<

s.o., l

todos.th.), request (*e.th.,

(rahab)

and rahuba u
also

{ruhb,

,> from

s.o., ul

that he

...)

I^U-t

j Uj
s.o.;

ijU-j rahaba) to
II to

be wide, spacious, roomy


_>

(hh) to plead with


;i-ljil

s.o.,

implore

welcome

{_> s.o.,

s.th., e.g.,

#4 j^j\

{'adama l-mu'lfada) I
(*,

news), bid welcome


ceive graciously,

(_>

to

s.o.);

to res.o.)
)

must ask your indulgenoe V to hope


* for); to expect, anticipate
s.o.),
(
(,

make welcome

(->

* s.th.,

V to welcome
(---j

(_> b.o.),

bid weloome (v*

look forward (* to); to request


to ask
(

s.o.);

s.o.)

VIII to hope
(,

rahb wide, spacious, roomy; un|

(*,

confined * for); to expeot, anticipate


s.o.),

jX^JI -*-j r. a-padr generous,

* s.th.,
{ s.o.)

look forward (* to); to dread

magnanimous ;
minded
erosity,
,

broad-minded
;

open

liberal

frank , candid , open

L*-j rajan

and

L*-j raj'

pl. L-jl

arj' side, direction; region;


arj*

hearted; carefree; i_^-j jX** (rahb) gen

pl*L?j!

magnanimity

open- minded

vastnesses (of a land), expanses;


|

ness, broad-mindedness, liberality; frank'


ness, candor; f\J\ *-*-j generous,

whole vicinity or area


interior, e.g., _^JI

Ujl

the

room, j^Ul Ujl

*j*L*-jI j about its j (gvrfa) all about j all over the

open

handed,
!_~*-j

liberal; fijJJl i_--j do.

ruhb vastness, wideness, spacious<*Jlj i_--jJl J* Jl be welcome; *-j L>-j .u-j


|

country, throughout the country; CjjLj*

ness, unconfinedness
(at, sa'a) to

J:

,.a-,lli

**ijl U-jl

(o.

ur-radha) the en-

tire

auditorium resounded with applause;

(aa'atan) to
i_--j

#L*-jVi

^LS and UjVI ^lj

meet with a friendly reception


vastness,

vaat in ex-

tent, vast-dimensioned U-j


raj*

rahab

wideness,
|

spar.

ciousness, unconfinedness

jX^Jl

<-

hope

(i_>,

j and

r*-j

genit.

ap-padr magnanimity, generosity; light-

of); expectation, anticipation; urgent re-

heartedness
-*-j

quest

.U-j J* in the hope of, hoping for;


r?' ai-'*'

LJl Ltj

for

your Informa-

rahba, rahaba pl. -dt

pubhc Square
;

tion (on
J-UJI

memos,

records, etc.); U-jJI

^tj

(surrounded by buildings)

{pl. roAofe*

Cape of Good Hope


rajh hope, expectation, antici-

and
^ll

<_-

U-j

rihb)

vastness,

expanse

uUj

rihb al-kaun

and

Liill -L-j

*U-j

r.

al-fad* vastness of outer space

pation
i_^j rahib
--j

<^--j

rahb

rajiya s.th. hoped for; hope

ijU-j

rahaba wideness, vastness, spa|

Sl*-j*

marjh hope
hoping, fll of hope
for,

ciousness, unconfinedness

j-L-Jl jL-j r.

ap-padr magnanimity, generoity


iL

r'lj rj'in

L*-_p

marhaban bika welcome!


welcome, greeting
|

y?j+ marjw hoped


queated
|

expected; re-

jl ilJLii ,>. >*vJ.I

(min fadlika)

<-j\*-S tarhb

approx. : I hope you will be kind enough


to
...;

i-jU-j (qbalah) to receive s.o.

with open

l i\*\j+ >*rjJ>l {mur'tu) please


is

arms
-j-v'

notice that ..., attention


fact that
...

called to the

tarhib

welcoming, welcome, greet-

ing

331

r
gratory, nomadic;

to equivrf-j rahraha: f^l> j-j (*&) ooate, epeak ambiguoualy, beat around

(pl. *JL-j

rahhla)
|

great traveler, eiplorer;


"*i

nomad

jjM\

the busb.
yf^, roAroA

\*-J\

migratory birds; Jj-JI (Ij^JI) t-jj/^lfl

and

^^j
rinse,

rahrh wide,
(life)

('urbn) the

nomadio Bedouins

broad,
*i*-j
t

fiat; carefree,

pleaaant

iJUj rahhla great traveler, explorer;


globetrotter

rahada a (rahd) to

waah
L-j*

marhala

^Uj* mirhd pL j-i^lj- fnordAi^ lavatory, toilet exquisite wine; neotar Js*-j raAf
>J*-j

pl. J*-'j*

marahiP

day's journey; leg of a journey;


Station ; stage, phase
|

way

J*- 1^

*-l*

-u> (yazl*
J*-j/

du)

it

ezceeds

it

by

fax; L^L*life,

(haytih) throughout her

in every

raAala a (Js-j faAfJ) to set out; to

Btage of her

life

depart, leave; to

move away,
|

einigrate;

JL-J" tarhl departure, setting out


Jl*-J3l

to start

jp from & place)

^Juj J*- j_ J*-j

:L- hayt at-t.


tarhfl

nomadio

life

(ywfvm) a

man

constantly on the go,


II

a dynamio man
to evacuate (Jl
locate (Jl
to);
(
s.o.

to

make
to),

(*

s.o.)

J^v"

emigration,
(s.o.'b)

exodus;

ef-

leave, induoo or urge

( s.o.)

to depart;

fectuation of

departure; depor-

s.o.

resettle, re s.o.

tation; evaouation; resettlement; transfer;

in); to deport (Jl

moving; transport, transportation;

to allow

(. s.o.)

to emigrate; to give

posting (of accounte); carryig forward


{fin.);

s.o.)

travel clearance; to oarry (pase. g.


,

sengers ,
s.th.);

a ship )

to transfer

dispatoh JL* J-^y t. 'umml signment (or detailing) of workmen


|

as-

to transport, to

oonvey, forward
out
(*

Jl^jl

irtihl

departure,

setting

out;

(*

B.th.);

dispatch, send

emigration, exodus; demise


J*-Ij rahil pl. J*-j leaving, parting; traveling; (pl. -n) de-

s.th.); to carry over,

post (* an item;

ruhhal departing,

bookkeeping)
balance;

to oarry forward (* the

bank)

to

wander,
life;

roam,

ceased, late, esp. J*-'Jl *-")' the deceased


il*-lj

migrate, lead a nomadic

to be evacrhila pl. J*-Ijj rawhil* female


|

uated VIII to set out, leave, depart; to

riding camel

4=1*- lj

xi (Sadda) to saddle

move away, emigrate


(ii

*jj

>j Jl

Jo'

rahmati rabbihi) to pass away, die

one's camel, start out on a journey


J*-^.

murahhal

pl. -t

cany-over

JU-j rihl J*-j rahl pl.

camel saddle;
pl.

Baddlebaga; baggage, luggage;

stop-Li
a

balance carried forward (fin.) J*-j* fj*J~

ping place, stop, stopover


(Sadda) to set out, break

JU-JI

J^lj rhiP Rachel


rahima a
to have
(ii-j

camp; *JUj

^11

j-j

rahma,
(

*j-j*
s.o.),

marhama)
have com-

aiq rihiah to stop

in, at)

mercy
(

upon

L-j rihla travel, journey; trip, tour;

passion

for s.o.); to spare, let ofF( s.o.);


4-1*

travelogue
il*-j

to be merciful II
Zi\

j-j to say to s.o.

ruhla destination, place for which

dii-j

rahivtaka llh

may God have

one

is

bound

mercy upon you; to ask God to have mercy (J* upon s.o.), plead for God's
mercy Jp for what has happened) V VI to ahow human understanding
(

X-j rahil departure, setting out; emigration; exodus; demise

II

for

JU-j

rahhl

pl.

J*-j

ruhhal

roving,

one another, love and respect one another

roaming, peregrinating, wandering, mi-

to ask

s.o.)

to have

mercy

rj
fj
uterus ;
fl*-jVi

332

rahim,

rihm
;

f.,

pl.

*Lyl

arhm
j

s.o.);

to reduce the price


(*

(*

of

s.th.)

womb

relationahip,
l-a.

kinship

IV to reduce the price


willing to please,
s.o. in),

of

s.th.)

V to be

jj* iavi

relatives

on the ma-

ternal aide

meet on fair terms ( j show o.. ready to oompromise (*.

i>j rahma pity, compassion;

human
mercy;
to
s.o. 's

with
(

a.o.
<_>

j in

a.th.); to

make

concessions

understanding, sympathy, kindness; mer-

or

in s.th.); to

permit

o.s. liberties,

cy

-j

o-j c* off to c* *L*- to leave


i*-J\ JL-j

be at
s.th.

s.o. 's s.o.

or

take liberties (j in) X to find cheap, regard as inexpensive (* s.th.); torequest


s.o.'s ()

mercy;
^-j

pall

permi&sion
supple, tender, soft

rahim

pl. Lr^

ruAanuT' and fj-j

umj rakf
cr**"J

roAm
jj^ll

merciful, compassionate

"*&> cheapness, inexpensiveneee

ar-romdn the Merciful

(i.e.,

God)

<-**^j

ruhpa

pl.

mj rukap permission;
SilJ

-j*

maroma

pl.

^Ij*

marflflrim 1 pity,

concession, license, franchiae; admission;

oompassion, Bympathy; mercy

authorization; leave; permit

rt

Aj

oljLJI

r.

qiydat

as-aayyrt

driving

p-J
*-Lr"

tarklm:

J^J p-J
intercessory

(mavid)

pl.

permit, operator's license

tofflAim 1

prayer

for

tue dead (CAr.)

u^-j
mercy
late,
e.g.,

rakif supple, tender, soft; cheap,

^Ujwl
p*-j*
uJl

inexpensive, low-priced; base, mean, low;


irftrAm plea for
trash,

trumpery
tarbU
pl. -t t
lJ

marAflm deoeased,
the late Mr.
pl. .l*-jl
...

UV-/

^.\j

tarkis*

^J.\
f.,

granting of permission; permission; au-

^f-j

rahan

arh',

^.j
|

ruhxy,

thorization ;

mandate ;

concession ;

li-

V-j

arhiya quem, hand ml


millstone;
^oi-1

^^1 yt
^-j
*j\a
(fighting)

cense; price reduotion, price cut

o?or ar-r.

(JUill) dra( r. Z-Aarb the

war

u*-j pensive,

murtalcas

low-priced,

inex-

cheap

JU, ^Jc^

broke out; the war (fighting) was going on


jj*~_) rahatci rotating,

kullu

rotatory

murtakapin wa-glin every conceivable effort, everything (in one's power)


f-j
rdjpuma
to

tfU-j

rahhy

pl.

-n grinder
(*

u (U-j rakma) and rakama u


soft,

be

mellow,

gentle,

j rakka u to mix with water, dute j


rakfe (n. un. ;) light

pleasant

wine)

(voice);

(l^L,
r (

shower

ba%4ah

J*) l^L, ^J^ rakamat al bajlih) to sit on the eggs

j ru

roc,

name

of a fabulous giant

(hen) II to soften, mellow (* the voice)

bird; (pl. ^U-j rilfk, otj n*ia) rook,


oastle (chesfl)

apocopate

(*

to a word); to tue with marble


;

(* the floor)

Uj

ra$ Boft

(ground);
(life)

comfort-

f-j vulture

rakam

able, pleasant, easy

(coli.; n. un. ) Egyptian (Neophron percnopterus zool.)


;

pU-j rukm marble


,j*j rakupa
pensiTe;

(rufo)

to be cheap, inexto be supple,


iU-j
(r-j

(i-U-j

rakfia)

rukma

pl. -t

marble slab

tender, soft II to permit, allow (J s.o.

mkim
flat

soft,

mellow, pleasant, me-

or
(-*

s.th.);

to authorize, lioense (J

lodious (voice);

note lowered by a

s.o.,

or

to do a.th.); to

empower

(J

semitone,

(mus.)

333

<J-J tarkim shortening, apooopation,


esp. of a

mitigation, letup; ease, relaxedness; re-

name

in the vooative

by

elision

laxation; limpness; languor, lassitude


U-jL-1 istirk*

of the final consonant (gram.)


{jj-j

IJCji

irti&*

and

,j-j) j-j

rakuwa u and
l*-j

^j rakiya
be or be(l-j

\j rkin sagging, drooping

a (jU-j raktoa,

rak') to

come

^IjU mutarjcin limp,


loose,

flaccid, flabby;

Black, relaxed; to slacken,

slump, aag, relax;

in
;

l-j

rak u

drooping; languid; negligent, indolent,


slack
ij radda

rak*): <it U-j (*aiSuh) to live in easy

circumstances,

live

opulence IV to
to relax (* s.th.)

(radd)

to send back; to bring


*,

loosen, slacken (* s.th.)

back, take back (Jl

s.o., s.th. to);

to

to let go (* s.th.); to lower, drop, let

return

(Jl

* s.th. to its place), put back,

down

(* s.th.)

VI to slacken,
little

sag, droop,

lay back (Jl * s.th. in its place); to throw

become limp; to show


zeal, let up,

energy or
(je-

back, repel, drive back, drive


s.o.);

away

become

lax,

be remiss

to resist, oppose

s.o.); to

turn

in s.th.); to go
lag,

down, lump

(prices); to

down,

refuse, decline (* s.th., e.g., the

become dull or iistless (stock market);

fulflment of a wiah) ; to
repel

ward

off,

parry,
re-

to diminih, flag, wane, ebb, decreaae; to


desist (je from); to be lowered, drop,
fll

(l*^ hujman an attack); to


tuhmatan a suspicion)
;

ject (**-r

to

hand

(curtain); to be delayed, be retarded

back, give back, return, reBtore (* s.th.,


Jl

VIII to alacken, slump, sag, droop, be-

to s.o.); to

retum

(*~&J\

as-salma

come
looso,

limp, flaccid, flabby;

to

become
soft;

the greeting); to reply ( J* to

s.o.),

answer

work

loose; to soften,

become

to relax,

become relaxed, unbend; to


VIII

light); to throw (J* s.o.); to reflect (* back, echo (* the voice); to refute, dis-

abate, let up; to languiflh, flag, lose forco


or vigor

X=

prove (Jp
restrain

s.th.);

to hold back, keep,


s.th.);

(je- s.o.

from

to disauade
s.o. (*)

j^-j

rakw,

rihw

loose,

slack ;

limp,

(je

s.o.

from), prevail

upon

not

flabby, flaccid;

indolent, languid; Boft;

to do B.th. (je); to trace back, attribute


(Ji * s.th.
(

supple
U-j
rak'
ease,

to an origin); to bring, yield to


s.o.)
;

J* *

B.th.

to reappoint, reinstate

comfort, happiness;
liv-

(e s b.o. as, e.g., iTl*.

hkiman as goverthe door; blj- Jj


li-i

prosperity; abundance, opulence (of

nor)

i_jUI jj to close

ing); welfare; fairncss, lowness (of prices)

(jawban) to answer;
this

dLU
all;

li* jy_ L.

U-j ruka gentle breeze


'"j^-j

won't help you at


;

i/ ^ (yu*

raddu) irrefutable

rakwa softness;
|

flaccidity, limp-

baihi)

pl.
s.o.

ness; laxity
of character

jjjJI

SjU-j

r.

al-'d weaknoss

^UUl Jp fij

aJ1p J* oj ('aq* (a'qbihim) to

drive

back to where he came from;


('ainah) he averted his eyes

<c* aLj. ij

^j-j rakly feeble, weakened, languid;

from

it II

to keep away, avert, prevent,

relaxed, at ease; cozy, comfortable

stave off (* s.th.); to repel, throw back


(*,

s.o.,

s.th.);

to repeat (constantly,

r\J tarkin limpness; slackness;

Ian-

frequently);

to

break forth,

burst

(*

guor, lasaitude; abatement, mitigation,


letup; relaxation; loosening, looseness

into, e.g., into singing), strike up, intone,


let ring

out (* a tune, or the like) j-lJI


|

aj

ljjl

irtika

loosening,

slackening;

(fad) to return the echo;

_^J!

looseness, slackness; laxity; abatement.

(nazara) to look at s.th. again

and again;

334

j* j (farfah) to let one's eyeB wander between, look first at one, then
0;i

jjl

aradd 2 more useful, more profit8.0.)

able (J* to
ijA

at the other

to be

thrown back, be

maradd

reflected (voice, echo) ; to ring out (shouts)

fact to

which

s.th.

is at-

to shift repeatedly (wind); to

come and
Jl),

tributable, underlying factor or reason;

go (J* at

s.o.'s

house; rarely
(J*

averting, rejeetion, repulsion; responsory


(Chr.)
Jl
|

fre*}

quent, visit frequently a place; rarely


Jl);

}j*

s.o.'b

house,
*j*
. . .

(maradda)
it is it

irresistible;

(maradduh)

to return, recur; to

attributable

to

hesitate, be reluctant (j in s.th., to


s.th.); to

one must ascribe


*J

do

to

. . . ;

_.

waver, become uncertain, become doubtful (J in s.th. or as to s.th.)


|

c*[/ VI

(Tiiaradda, bar'attth) it

can

ouly be attributed to his efficiency; uS"

i^JVI J*
discussed
retreat,

w;

<JU

ij*

(alsina) to

be frequently
stantly

(question)

VIII to withdraw,

J* (maraddi lisnihi) to be conon s.o.'s lips, be a standing


s.o.

fall

back; to

retrogresa; to
to); to fall

move backward, go back, return, revert (Jl


(Jl

phrase with
jljy

tardd frequent repetition;

fre-

back

on); to go away, abfrom),

quentation
Ojj^ tardid repetition, reiteration
jj j

sent

o.s.

to desist, refrain (je

renounce, give up, abandon, quit, leave


(je s.th.); to forsake, deaert (je one's
faith, one's principles, etc.),
fall off pl.

taraddud

frequent

Coming and
(el.);

going,
apoatatize,

frequentation ;

frequency

*J1 J* .tfjl ('aqbaihi), Uc Je jjjj (a'qbihim) to withdraw,


|
I !
I

(je from)

hesitation, irresolution, indecision, waver-

ing; reluctance
jIjJj! iriidd retreat,

tum

back

to reclaim,

demand

back,

withdrawal;

ret-

call in (a s.th.),
s.th.); to

demand the

return (* of

rogression ; renunciation, desertion ; apoa-

bring back, lead back (Jl

s.o.

tasy

(^Vl

{f from Islam)

^Jl

jlojjlT

to); to get

back

(* s.th.); to retrieve, re-

ka-rtiddi f-farf in the twinkling of

an

cover, regain (* s.th.); to


Aj

withdraw
fig.,

(e.g.,

eye, in a j'UFy

yadah one's hand; also

e.g.,

jlij^l istirdad reclamation, claim of


restitution,

*^lii-l istiqlaiah one's resignation) ; to

vindication

(Isl.

Law)

re-

withdraw, take out (* money, from an


aecount, from a bank)
|

covery, retrieval; retraction, withdrawal;

*-LiJl

i_^J (an*

refundment, reimbursement; withdrawal,


taking out (of money, from an acoount)
Jjij-

fmh) to catoh one's breath


jj radd pl. jjij

rudd return; restora-

mardd

yield, return(s)

tion, restitution; refund,

reimbursement
4^* murtadd turncoat, renegade, apostte

repayment, requital; repulsion; warding


off,

parrying; denial, refusal; rejeetion;

reply, anewer; reflection (e.g., of light);

Mjj radda a

(rad*) to support,

prop, shore

refutation; attribution (Jl to) |J*Jl ij


al-fi'l

r.

up

(*

a wall)
ritT
pl.
Ijjl

reaction; jtieVI jj rehabilitation

Ijj

(raddan) in reply to

...;

ijj

-U-l

oj
helper
jjj

ard(? support; help,

see .Ul

akd

oj
bran
jj

radda ugliness; reverberation, echo;

radu'a u (SJjj radtfa) to be bad

to

become bad, be epoiled


ridda

apostasy

(>">L-V1

J*>

from

t^jj

radV

pl.

Ljjl

ardiyP*

bad;

Islam)

mean, baae,

vile; evil,

wicked; vicious,

335

&J
<J>bj ridj croup,
<J*i*j

malicious

S>,.,Jl

*^j

r.

aa-sum'a of Ul

rump

(of

an animal)

repute
radij

rear man, one following


redif, reserve (in

Ujl ardcC 2 worse; more wicked


*\}j

next in Une;

the

army

rad'a badness; wickedness; vi-

of the former Turkish Empire)

ciousnesa, maliciousness
i_jj;l

jij radifa fem. of <Juij


tjily tarduf succesflion; synonymity

irdabb

(now

commonly pronounced
a dry
1981)

ardabb) pl. t-oljl ardib 2 ardeb,

measure (Ey.;

ilj* murdif synonym (of a word);

synonymous, conaignificant (J with);


responding in meaning, analogous
jaJl
|

oor-

*ojl irdabba cesepool

pij radah long period of time

,y

l*-.ij

ijjl jm mutardif

synonymous;

oli.il jm

radaAan mtn ad-dahr

for a long

time
fl.th.);

Synonyms
to
(jj

^ij

rodtwa

(riwij)

to cruah (*

radama i u (radm) to
pit,

fill

up with earth

(*

roll

smooth, level by rolling

(*

ground)

pond)

II to repair, fix,

mend IV

not

f.jj

rada'a a (rad') to keep, prevent (j&

s.o.
(je.

to leave (J* s.o.), cling (J* to s.o.; said of disease) V to be mended, be re-

from) VIII to be kept, be prevented from)


fi!j rd' detening;
(pl.

paired; to repair,

mend
wear
(of

(* s.th.); to

be

wom, show
f^ljj rauwd' 8 )
f

signs of
Alling

jj

radm

up

swamps, ponds,

deterrent; impediment, obstacle, handi-

etc.); nibble, debris;

dam
shabby, threadbare

cap;

refltriction, limitation,

curb, check;

Inhibition (psych.)
ijj radga, radaga

(Oj radim

wom,

(garment)

mud,

mire, alush

jj radana
ijjj radaja u (radf) and radifa a to next,

(radn) to spin; to purr (cat);

come
or

come immediately
),

after

to grumble (J* at)

s.o.

B.th. (*,

follow, succeed

( s.o., * a.th.)

jj rudn

pl. lijl

ardn Bleeve

III to ride

behind

s.o.

(,

on the same
(

animal); to be the Substitute


replace
(<>

of

b.o.),

Jjjj rudaint spear (originally epithet for one of superior quaty) ij* mirdan
<Zjj-*j
pl. os\j*

s.o., * s.th.);

to be
s.o.)

synonymous
behind one
(*
s.th.)

mardin 1 Bpindle
frock coat,

(* with)

IV to seat

(on

an animal); to make
(i_>

be

(Fr. redingote)

redengt

followed

by

B.th. eise)

to complement,

Prince Albert
i*^j radha
hall;

complete

(i_j

* B.th.

with or by) VI to
large room, sitting room,
|

follow one another,

to pile up in

come in suocession; layers, become stratified;

parlor; lobby; entrance hall, vestibule

to form a Single Une; to flock, throng

J Lii- V

** Jj

reception

hall,
r.

drawing
al-muh*

(J* to); to be synonymous

room, parlor
dart lecture

cA^i Ul
room

**.ij

tjij
(riding

ridj

pl. tjljjl

ardf
;

on the same animal)


is

man one who or


rear

gij radiya a (^jj radan) to perish, be destroyed


II

that which

subsequent, followe, comes

to bring to the ground


fall

( b.o.),

next; posteriors, backside, rump; haunohes,

bring about the

of

()

IV to bring to
fall
feil

oroup (of an animal); dual: o\i*J\

the ground

( s.o.),

bring about the


(

ar-ridfn

day and night

of

();

to destroy, ruin

s.o.); to

&J
( s.o.);

336

to

kill { s.o.)

j^UJ.Ijjl (qatilan)

jj razza u (razz) to insert, drive in (*


II to buraish, polish (* s.th.)

B.th.)
tele-

to

feil s.o.

with a deadly blow


fall off,

to

fall

IV to

tumble; to decline,

come down,
with),

phone
jj razza pl. -t staple,

go from bad to worse; to deteriorate,

bolt;

ring

become worse; to clothe


put on
(*
(l->

o.s.

(i-*

screw; Joint pin

a garment) VIII to put on

a garment or headgear); to wear (*


Ijj

_>jj' irzist

telephone

a garment, a headgear), be clothed, be


clad (* in)
|

razaa a

(jj raz'} to deprive (<j or *

s.o.

<j"A*

tfJjjl

{maldbisah) to

of s.th.); pass. jjj ruzi'a to incur or


suffer loss; to lose
flicted
(

put on one's clothes, dresa, get dressed jjj radan ruin, destruction
#ljy

(<-

s.th.); to

be

af-

by)
pl. Ijjl

rid'

pl.

40jl ardiya loose outer


;

jj

ruz'

arzS

heavy

loss,

garment, cloak, robe (lady 's) dress, gown


attire,

serious

damage;

disaster, calamity

costume

LJ.I

*\ij

r.

al-mas'
ijjj razi'a

and

evening

gown

3jJj

razlya pl. Lljj

razy heavy

loss, serious

damage;

dis-

jJU muiaraddin dressed


jj radda u: *\J\

aster, calamity

oij

(sam*)

and IV there

l-jJj

razaba u (razb)

to keep,

stick,

cling

was a
jljj

drizzle, it drizzled

(*to)
~<ujj*

radd drizzle
(SJlij

mirzabba

pl.

1 vj!/* marzib' iron

Jjj radila a and radula u

radla) to be

rod
L-jlj^ mirzb pl. vH-iL^ marzib 2 water-

low, base, vile, despicable, contemptible

radla u

(radl) to reject, cast off, dis s.o.,

spout, gargoyle; (roof) gutter

card, repudiate, disown (*,

s.th.);

to despise, disdain, scorn (*, to disapprove (*,


off,

s.o. s.th.);

r Jj razaha a

ry jj ruzh,

^-ijj

ruzh, razh)

of)

IV to

reject, cast

to auccumb, collapse, sink to the ground

discard, repudiate, disown {*,

s.o.,

(under a brden); to descend, hover


silence) III to suffer

(e.g.,

s.th.)
(*,

to regard aa low or despicable

s.o., s.th.)

9jjA murzig muddy, boggy, miry

J jj

radl

rejection ;

repudation

(pl.

Jjij rudl, Jlijl ardl) low, base, mean,


vile, despicable,

contemptible

jjj razaqa u to provide with the means of subsitence ( s.o.; said of God); to
bestow
(*
*

upon

s.o. s.th.,

material or

2 J>jj radll pl. Vij rudal* low, base, mean, vile, despicable, contemptible, de-

spiritual possessions; said of God),


(*

endow
with,

s.o.
lj_>J_j*

with); to bless (*

s.o.

praved
3Jlij

esp.

with a child);

pass. ruziqa

radla lowness,

baseness,

mean-

to be

endowed

(* with); to live VIII to

ness, vileness, depravity

make

a living, gain one's livelihood; to

iLij radila pl. JJlSj rad'Hl vice; de-

live ((>

on or by

s.th.)

to seek one's

livelihood; to ask for the

means of sub-

pravity
sistence Jji^.

mardyX

depraved,

despicable,

mean, base,
*jj

vile, evil,

wicked

Jj rizq pl. ljjl arzq livelihood, means of living, subsistence daily bread,
;

ruzz

(=

jjl aruzz) rice

nourishment, sustenance; boon, blessing

337

-T->

(of God); property, possessions, wealth,

~*j*j

ruab sediment,

deposit;

lees,
fail*

fortune; income; pay, wages

ilj Jljjl
(mil.)

dregs, settlings; preoipitate (ehem.);

dry

rations,

emergenoy rationa
the

uro (in an examination)

Jlj^l

ar-razxq

Maintainer,

the

<_--y

taraib

Sedimentation;

preoipi-

Provider (one of the 99 atthbutes of

tation (ehem.)
_lj
raib
pl.

God)
Jljjwl i&tirzq independent livelihood,
self-support

c-^ljj rawsib*

Sedi-

ment, deposit; dregs,

lees, settlings; pre-

oipitate (ehem.); residue

3jjj* marzq blessed (by God), fortunate, prosperous, succeaaful

V^-J

rustdmlya oassock (of a priest)

3jj* murtaziq
nary, kept

hired, hireling, merce-

Ji-j raataqa to tidy, arrange well, put in

order (*
_j=-j,

s.th.)

**jj* murtaztqa kept peisons, hangers-

y^jj

(It. arrosto) rost

roast

meat

on; mercenariea
'Sj*

bj*j
p*-j

{Fr. restaurant) reMorn restaurant


pl.

muriazaq means of Bubsistence,

maraah (=

t-j~~>)

r^j* marsih*

livelihood, living

theater, playhouse; stage; party, social


(jj

raxama

u (nun) to bndle,
(* s.th.)

bale, paok,

gathering

wrap up

^j

mareahi

social,

party (used at-

**jj rizma pl. *jj rizam bndle; bale,

tributively); formal (dress)

pack; paroel, package; ream (of paper)

a-j rasaka u (ryj ruak) to be firmly


established, be deeply rooted (j in s.th.);

ojj razuna
serious,

v.

(ljj razna) to be
staid,

grave,

sedate,

calm, composed,
display
o.e.

to be firm, solid, stable ; to be oonversant,

self-possessed

to

grave

or

be thoroughly familir (j with


well veraed, be at

s.th.),

be

sedate mannera, show


posed, self-possessed

calm, com-

home (j

in s.th., in

field);

to seep in; to permeate (j a

fabric); to

become

fast (color or

dyea in

C/Jj razln grave, Berious, sedate, staid;

a fabric) II and IT to
root(s),

make
s.th.);

(* s.th.) take

composed, oalm, self-possessed


jljj

establish

(*

to implant

razna gravity, sedateness, staid

(* s.th.); to secure,

make

fast, fix firmly,

ness ;

composure,

Belf-possession,

poise

ground

(* s.th.)

<uJ>

j ^1

iyj\ ($ih*

nihi) to impress or inculcate s.th.

upon b.o.

liUjj ruznma see i-ljjjj


i~>j\

arsak?

more firmly
|

established,

<ijj pl.

Ujj

see i^Jj

more deeply rooted


do.

L*-l*

iyj\ (qadaman)

l>r

*-j rata covered with verdigris

iy\j
<_^j rosoba

rsifr

firmly

established,

deep-

(<-j_>-j

ruab) to sink to the

rooted; grounded, firmly fixed, stable;

bottom,
to
fail,

Bettle,

subside (esp., in water);

conversant
flunk (in an examination) II to
s.th., in

(j with

s.th.),
(

thoroughly
in a field)

veraed, completely at

home J

cause to settle (*

liquid), decr
-'

posit (* a sediment); to preoipitate (*


s.th.; ehem.)

to settle, subside, be de-

J--j tiar* (eg.) glue, adhesive, speoif., one for pasting leather, made of a yellow

posited; to preoipitate (ehem.)

powder

; ;

!)

338

i-j ruag

pl. j-L-jl

<w*5& i-jl aru wrist

J-j

rial

moderation
it

*ilLj

Jp slowly

gently! take
i_i-j rasafa

easy!

to

go in shackles ; to be bound

to be moored (sbip)

Jy
be long and flowing
Jj--j

rtuil pl.

^-j ru&altf 2 messenger;

runner (m.)

J-j raMla a
(hair) III

(rasal) to

rasl

pl.

to

oorrespond,

oany on a
(*

J-j rund messenger;


Messenger of God

emissary; envoy, delegate; apostle (Chr.);


Jj--jJI

correspondence, exchange letters


s.o.);

with
or
tili

Jj--j the

to contact
s.o.)

( s.o.),

get in touch
(<_j

(
(i.e.,

Mohammed)
(Chr.)
\

with

IV to send out, dispatoh

ot

*, s.o. s.th. Jl, also J, to);

to send

off,

Jj^j rasli apostolic, papal


SJj^J!
15^01

send away

(l->

or

*, * s.o., s.th. Jl, also J,


(l-p

(baraka) apostolio benedioLJl

to); to send, forward, ahip


Jl, also J, to);

or * s.th.

tion; Jj-^l

(sudda) the

Holy See;

to send, transmit (radio);

Jj-y

-u#lJ apostolio delegate

to rele&se, let go (* s.th.); to set free


(* s.th.); to discharge (* s.th.); to

JL-j riala pl. -t, JJL-j

raa'iP con-

pour

signment, ehipment; mail item; (written)

forth,

vent {*

s.th.),

give vent (a to); to

communication, (written) report; missive;


letter,

uttei (* words); to shed (* tears); to let


(a

note; epistle; dispatoh; message;

the hair) hang down,

let it fall

J* on)

treatise; radio
calling,

message;
|

(pl. -t)

mission,

Jl

J-jl

(falabihi)
,)-jl

to send for s.o.;

vooation
*- \j*

~<Sj
L-j

*JUj (barqiya)
(farmiya)
love

VUjI f^Jl
speak
1

(al-kalma irslan) to
restraint,

telegram ;

iJ

without

talk

freely

letter; 1U_.

JLj (musajjala) registered

*r.,lr

** <_ij J-jl (nafaah) to yield to

letter

one's

natural

impulse, do the natural


*L*j\ (sajiyatihi)

thing;
a.o.

<u& J*
at

to

make
jl

O^L-j
6ara)

ruaail*: *J^-*j

Jp

^J-'i Jll

(&*
seri-

feel

home;

(nafsah) to feel

Jp at home, let

l^f

*-iJ

he didn't

take

the

matter

J o.s. go

ously

Y
(

to proceed leisurely, take one's time


in s.th.)
;

O
-t

JL-j* mtrffZ: jji JL-j- m.

nur

pl.

to hang down, be long

and

searohlight

flowing (hair) VI to keep

up a
s.th.)

oorres~*L*\j*

mursala exchange
note,

of letters*
letter*

pondence, exohange letters; to send to

one another, exchange


(^.
b.o.)

(i~>

X to

correspondence;

message,

aBk

oommunication; orderly (m.)

to send (* s.th.), have s.o. (^-)

send
free

(* s.th.); to

be relaxed, at ease,

JUjI

irsl sending,

forwarding, ship-

fiom

restraint; to be long

and

flow-

ping, dispatoh

ing (hair) ; to be friendly, affable, intimate,

SJUjl

irsliya

pl. -t

consigruuent;
(mil.)

chummy

(Jl

with

s.o.);

to act naturally,
let o.s.

mail item; shipment; transport;


expedition; mission

without affectation; to
enlarge (ft^l
i.e.,

go; to

/i

l-Jcalm in discourse,

to talk at length); to
o.s.

abandon
keep up

o.a.,

^*j

tara38ul art of letter writing


istirsl

give

up

(jj

to B.th., also ** or Jf);


in
s.th.),
<<j

JU^wl
tiation

ease,

naturalness, re-

to

persist

(j

laxedness; abandon; elaboration, expa-

s.th.)

J-j raal easy, gentle, leisurely (pace,


gait)
;

loose,

slack,

relaxed;

long

and

J-1j- murail pl. -n correspondent, reporter (of a newspaper) \jj>~ ^~\j* (harbl)
J

flowing (hair)

war correspondent

U-

^j

{h&99

330

rj
fj raam
sohool);

apeoial oorrespondent;

^bj

J-Ij*

(H*

drawing
(pl.

(o.g.,

as a subject in

y&dl) sporta reporter

(j*j ruam,

oU^-j

ru*

J~s* murn'Z sender (of a


signor;

letter); con-

emt) a drawing; aketoh; graph; pioture; photograph;


(e.g.,

transmitter (radio)
pl. -t

on a

fabrio);

illustration ;

pattern
im-

(pl. *j-j) trace,

O
{radio)

*Uj* murnla

transmitter

pression; designation, mark; inscription,

legend; reoord, notes;

(offioial)

document,

J-p. patched; delegated; transmitted (radio); long

murdoi

sent,

forwarded;

dis-

(legal)

Instrument; writing; design; pre

scription.regulation; ceremony, form, for

and

flowing (hair);

(pl.

-n) mission-

mality; rate, fee, tax, due

^^

bi-rosmi

ary {Chr.); inoompletely transmitted (of

intended

for, care

of (c/o), for;

fj\

-Ul
,-j

a Prophetio tradition

resting

on a ohain

okd

ar-r.

taking of a picture; JLj

of authorities that goea no further back

(bayni) illustrative figure, diagram (in a

than the 2nd generation after the Prophet)


|

book); Jy-oll

-*j

admission fee;
tariff;

Jyo
^-A

-*j -*j

dl ^ja

recipient,

addressee (of
t*$>

(dukK) import duty,

letter);

consignee; J-_^

(kalm)

(SamH) photograph

ijyf"

prose
3JL-r*

ground plan
drawing ;
^1*

(arch.);
-*j

fj layout, J-**j ^j detail


cardiogram

(qan)

mursaliya misaion
loose, flowing (hair);

<)4J

j*j-j
r.

(qaidlya)

registration

J-A-* muetarail
voted, given
-*j

^UVf fj
(qlm\)

al-intj excise tax;

fees;

-j

friendly, affable; intimate,

chummy;

de-

ad valorem duty; Jj

^-j (hazli)

np

or

to s.th.)
(* s.th.);

caricature, cartoon

rasama u {raam) to draw, traoe


a

^jO rasmi

offioial,

formal,

conven-

to sketch (* s.th.); to describe (* e.g.,


circle);

tional; ceremonial;

offioial, offlceholder,

to paint (* s.th.); to reoord, put

publio servant; Lr*j rasmiyan offlcially;

down

in writing (* s.th.); to enter,

mark,

oLo
dress;

rasmiyt formalities; oeremonies,


rules,

indicate (* s.th.); to sketch, outline {*


s.th.; flg.); to describe, depict, portray,

ceremonial, ritual;

regulations
|

VO JVj
^yfj 4*i
official;

officials;

J-O ^r*^*
_jLj

offioial

picture (* s.th.); to make,

work

out, oon-

oourt dress; *~fj


Sibhu
t

uniforms;
<s^-

ceive {&- fciftatan a plan); to prescribe


(t_>

r.

and jfJU
r.

semi-

or * J to s.o. s.th.), lay

down

as a rule
(

y^

.JuaJ nisfu

do.; ^fj ji>

(<-*

or a J for s.o. s.th.); to ordain


|

gairu

r. unoffioial

priest; Chr.)

oJ^JI

!jLS -*j to

make the

aLj rassm
artist

pl.

-n draftsman; painter,

sign of the cross, cross o.s. {Chr.) II to


enter,

mark, indicate

{* s.th.,
office
(6

in); to

appoint to a public

s.o.; tun.)

i*Uj risma, rasma Ordination, consecration (of a priest; Chr.)

to follow (* s.th., esp.


etc.);

s.o.'s footsteps,

an example,
a public

to be appointed to

-*jj

rausam

pl. *-'jj

raieawn'

cu"-

office (tun.) VIII to

come

out,

ohe (yr.)
-*j*

find visible expression; to be traced, en-

marsam studio

(of

an

artist)

graved, inscribed, written; to impress


self,

it-

leave an Impression

(J*.

on); to be

p>\jA

marsim 2 oeremonies, ceremonial,


etiquette,

ordained, be introduced into the office

ritual;

protocol

(dipl.);
|

cus-

of the ministry (priest; Chr.); to


sign of the cross (Chr.)

make

the

toms; principles; regulations


--l^il

SjUI ^o.
*->l_^.l

mudir

idrat al-m.

and

o^j

rj
chief of protocol (dipl.); >=JI

340

f\j

cor-

pl.

oL-*lj rsiyt,

^\jj

ratosin towering,

onation ceremonies;
etiquette

olijj-illl ^.\j

court

unahakable mountains
^*j

(= Uj

see above) to anchor


(raSS) to spatter, Bplash, (*

fj

taraseum design, planniiig


pl. -*

aLJjI irtiam

(visible)

ezpres-

^j

raUa u
(*

spurt

a liquid); to spray
(*
s.th.,
<_>

a liquid); to

sion, manifestation (e.g., of

feeling,

of
sprinkle

with,

an emotion on
fy>j*

B.o.'a faoe)

J* on); to
(* s.th.,
a.th.)
>~>

splatter,

Bpatter, bespatter
etc.); to

marsm drawn,

traoed, sketched;

with water,

water (*

painted; recorded in writing,

written;

designed, planned; deereed, ordered;


(pl.

splatter J.j rotf Bprinkling; watering;


ing, spattering; spraying;

f\j*

mara&m*) deoree;
(<_>

buckshot *>L**
j

act, edict;

regulation, ordinanoe

regarding); g*\j*

if&\j J-J\ ma#lahat ar-r. taa-l-kana


cleaning department;
ar-r.

street-

ceremonies, oeremonial, ritual; etiquette;


regulations
|

^J\ ^p

'arabat

jjJl;

*j*j*

(bi-qnn) en-

watering cart, Sprinkler; Lij


brste (m.)
raSia light drizzle

^j

to

actment, Statute, ordinanoe (Bg,); *>>

fire in

^iJS

(taSrfl)

and ^\J^\

^j*

(i&irtft;

P<. t 8yr.) do.; -1_A' j** mudlr al-m.


chief of protocol {dipl.)

Jili-j

raSi spattered liquid; drizzle,


fig.)

dribble (esp.

JU*j rasml pl. J^L-j rtumiP


capital (fin.)

= JU j\j
i<j\

^Uj raSSS pl. -t


gun
jAJ>j
|

water hose; machine

,i-u

(midfa')
pl.

machine gun;

j^j rasan

pl.

<yjl areun, jUjI arsn,

^Uj ^i
Uj

{mtuaddas)

Uj oL-i
spray,

arrina halter
(j"j)

submachine gun,
(roiu))

Tommy
pl. -*

gun

Wj

ra*5

**

to be firm, Btable,

raiSSa

perfume
oan ;

steady; to anchor (J* off a coast), cast anchor, land, dock; to ride at anchor (Je
off

atomizer ;

watering

shower,

douche (Mor.)

a coast,
(i-j

in a harbor); to disembark,

O
j

*j miraSSa watering

can

land

s.o.; ship);

to

come

or go even|

tually (Je to), land (Je with)


*\.\

J*

Uj

raiaha a (raih) to sweat, perspire; to


filter,

(mazdu)
(at

it

was knooked down to


i-Jllii

leak, be leaky (vessel); to

strain,

him

an auotion);

J* ~*j

percolate (* a liquid) II to raise, rear,

(munqaaa) the commission or contraot

bring

up

a cbild);

to train,

prepare

went to him

(after

an invitation to subfast, fix firmly

( s.o.);

to nominate, put

up

as a oan*

mit tenders) IT to make

didate
(with

( s.o.,

for, o.g., for

an

office),

(a s.th.); to anchor, place at

anchor (*

*- naftah) to be a candidate,
offioe, etc.);

a ship)
^jj. marsan
pl.

apply (J for an
s.th.)

to

filter (a

to

be reared, be brought up;


qualified, trained

^j* mamain

anchor-

to be Buited,
s.th.);

(J for

age

NW

rjJ** ts*J* Mersa M&trh (village in Egypt, on Mediteiranean coast)

to be nominated as a oandidate,

be a nominee (J for s.th.); to catch a cold

iL>j

miraoh

pl.

^j*
;

marsin anchor

raih seoretion

(of

fluid);

Per-

^\j rtin pl. ^Ijj rawrin fixed, Btationary, immovable firm, steady, atable.
firmly established; anchored, at anchor;

spiration,
filtering,

Bweating;
filtration,

leaking, leakiness;

percolation; oozing,

trickling ;

cold,

catarrh

341

jij
the mind)
fll legal

i*-lij

ruSha transudate, transudation

xZJ\ j-. sinn ar-r. majority,

{med.)

age; xij iL (ruSdah) to


Jl
-_jU

come

t*~>J tarHh training, preparation;

nom-

of age; xij
senses,

to

come

to one's

ination

(as

a candidate,

for

eleotion);

calm down, aober up; JjyfL* to


i_-*j

(= 4

jfwij-")

candidacy, candidature;

go out of one's mind; x5/


s.o.

to drive

election; ooncession

mad

(pain)

pij

taraS&uh Infiltration (med.)

xlj raSad integrity of conduot, straightforwardnesa, forthrightneas

^Lijjl irtiSh Infiltration (med.)

jLij raSd integrity of conduet; reason,

~,j*
lator;

muraJHh

pl. -t

filter;
;

perco-

good

sense,

senses;

maturity;

garden
bot.)

filtering installation

purification

peppergrass (Lepidium sativum L. ;


x-ij

plant

raMd rightly guided,


rational,

following

r^j* mura&iah
inee;

pl.

-n candidate,

nom-

the right way; having the true faith;


reasonable,
intelligent,
dis-

having a cold
mutaraih
pl.

ju
nominee

-n

candidate,

criminating,

disceming;

mature;

(pL

.Ixij ruSad**) of fll legal age,

major;

Rosetta
xij rasada u (rud) to be on the right way,
follow the right course, be well guided,
xil^.

(city in

Egypt)

mar&id? where the right

way

not go astray (eap., in religious mattera);


to to

leads to; salvation


.ulj(JUT.)
tarltid

have tho true

faith,

be a true believer;

a declaring

(s.o.)

of age

become
to

sensible,

become

mature,

grow up;
right

come of age

II to lead the

jUjI

irSd

guidance;
(Jl to);

a condueting,
guiding hand;
;

way, guide well

(* s.o.)

IV to lead
(a

showing the way


care ;
Spiritual

tho right way, guide well


load,

s.o.);

to

guidance

instruetion

guide, direct (J(


(a

s.o.

to B.th.),
fig.);

direction;

directive;

information;

ad-

ahow

s.o.)
(a)

the

way

(Jl to;

to
Jl),

vising, advice; pl. oljlijl directives, di-

lead s.o.

to the discovery that (l

rections, Instructions, advice

alijlj

on

suggest to
lize

s.o.

the idea of,


()

make

s.o. rea-

his Instructions, following his direction;


lJjJi5\

that; to call s.o.'b

attention

(Jl

to

itij^l j'jj wizTat

al-i.

al-qaumi

s.th.),

point out (Jl


(Jl
o

to s.o. s.th.); to
s.th.),

Ministry of National Guidance <g.)


^jLiji
j*J-

teach

s.o.
e,

to do

instruct,
(Jl

i r

iridi didactic poetry

direct, guido (Jl


s.o.

s.o. in); to s.o.

inform

about), acquaint

(o)

with the

j-llj

riid

following the

right

way,

Cacts

of

(Jl); to advise,

eounsel (Jl

s.o.

rightly
sensible,

guided, having the true faith;

to do s.th.); to inform (Jl against s.o.);

reasonable;
j-Lil^l

of

fll

legal

age,

to

come of age
directions;

X
to

to ask

(e

or

<_*

s.o.)

to

major

UUM

{kutafa) the ortho-

show the right way, ask


or

s.o. for
(o

guidance
for
In-

dox caliphs

(i.e.,

Abu

Bakr,

'Umar,

ask

s.o.)

'Utmn,
-Lij-

'Ali)
pl.

structions
(* s.o.), (

or

information;

to

conault

murid

-n leader; guide to the


spiritual guide; in-

ask

s.o.'s ()

advice, seek guidance


(<_*

right

way; adviser;

from
-lij

s.o.);

to be guided

by)

former; instruetor; (ship) pilot; tourist


guide;

ruid integrity of (one's) actions,

Grand Master, Master

(e.g.,

of the

proper, sensible conduet; roason, good


sense, senses; consciouaneas; maturity (of

Moslem Brotherhood)
;xijj murSida

woman

guide

;;

;,

JTJ
,Sj~j ruSruS
pl. JljLij ro&iri 8 belt (e.g.,

342

^j

rap$a

(raft)

to

fit

tightly together,

^ily^j rafr tender


._ij raiafa i

meat)

press together, compress (a s.th.); to ram,


force (a .th. into the ground)
;

to pile up,

{raif)

and

ra&ifa

(ra&af),

staok up (a s.th.); to join together, line


up, align, arrange aide

V and

VIII to suck, sip (* .th.); to drink

by

aide (a s.th.)

(* a.th.); to

drink up, drain {* a vessel)


pl. -t

II to fit tightly together, press together,

ij

rol/a (n. un.)

gulp, aip (of

compress (a
to

s.th.); to

ram home
Iead

(a s.th.);
(a
s.th.)

a drink)
J-tj raSqa
s.th.),

ooat

or

cover with

VI to be pressed together,

be paoked

(raSq) to

throw
hurt
(<_j

(<->

at

s.o.

together; to press together, crowd together; to

pelt, strike,

s.o.

with

be or become compact
rap lead;
penoil
(n.

s.th.); to insert, fasten, fix

TQ&uqa u (lij raSqa) to be shapely,


of graceful stature; to be elegant, graceful,

(J * s.th. in);

^L^j
qcdam
r.

bullets

,j*L#j

lissome VI to pelt one another, hurt

5-^Lj raffa

un.) pellet; bullet

one another
J-jij raSiq elegant,

graceful {exterior,

^Lj
leady ;

rapfi

lead,

(made) of lead;
dull

style); svelte, slender, slim;

lissome

leaden,

lead-colored,

gray

Lij raSqa elegance, grace, graceful ness ; shapeliness, graceful, elender build

ra$ip compressed, oloeely packed iJ*T*j jammed together; compact


Otr*l_r" tarf

nimblenesB, agility
J-j

agglutination

raSama u (raSm) to mark, designate (*


s.th.);

to

make
|

X^j

roftada

the sign of the cross; to


-L-j

(rad)
lie

to keep
( for);

one's

eyes

seal (* s.th.)

J*

Jj

to

sign of the cross over; *_L*JI

make the J-j to make

(a,

on); to

in wait

to observe

(a s.th.),

watch

(a s.th.

or over s.th.),

control (a s.th.); to conjure {a

the sign of the cross (Chr.)


lbl/1

demon)

x*j to observe the

stars, practice

A) raSm pl. p-ij ruSm, jI-j-Sj rw Smt sign of the cross (Chr.) anointment
;

astronomy

II to provide, eet aside, ear-

mark

(a funds); to prepare,

keep ready

(Copt.-Ckr.)
ir'j

(a s.th.);

to balance

(i_jIJ-l

the account;

ra&ma ornamental halter deco-

com.) IV to keep ready (a s.th.); to provide, set aside,

rated with silver pendants, or the like;

earmark
procura,

(J a s.th., esp.

camel halter
^yilj

funds,

for);

to

get

(a

s.th.)

V
rSin tip, baksheesh

ihAi^l

x*J

to observe the stars, prac-

tice

astronomy
ra$ad
iblfl
pl.

(j^j)

Uj

ra u (ra&tu) to bribe

( s.o.)

Till to

x**j rapd,

jLji
r.

arpd Obstar-

accept a bribe, be corrupt, be venal


j-ij

servation

X^j
'o_jr

al-afllc

raSw bribery, oorruption


ruSwa, ra&tva
(eg.)

gazing, astronomy;
,jij

^'-fj'

{jawwiya)

j-tj rifova,

pl. ISj,

meteorological Observation; jL*j1/I

j jj

rilkm, ru&an,

/jjH>j

raJwi bribe;

weather report
~*j\>-x*j

bribery, corruption, dishonesty


Lij ri&a

rafdakna observatory

rope, well rope


venality,

x*j rapad pl. jLjI ar$d spy, watoher,

#LUj

irtiS*

corruptibility

watchdog

lookout,

Observation

post

bribery, corruption

ambush; talisman

; ;

343

>->

jL ra?pd:
ologlBt
-i_,fj

ji-\ .iL)

r.

al-jaww meteor-

rafifa pl. -dt

woman

oolleague

1^1 Lii-^j (pamT) a phraae of oourtesy


rajrid

pl. -Uji

arfida

stock

on

used

by

one newBpaper when

refer-

hand
avaible

(of

merchandise,

of

supplies)
;

ring to another; approx.: our honorable


friends

funds ;

balance

{com.

also

remainder of a
capital (fin.)
|

sum

to be paid later)

Lj

raf&fa firmneas, compaetneaa


(._>

Jl~*j j4j

dLi uncovered
Jtj^j* marpf paved
j~*j rapuna

check, check without sufficient covering

with)

funds

u (^Uj

rosna)

to be finnT

x^j marfiad
servatory
|

pl. -Urlj-

martyicP 6b-

strong;

to be sedate,

calm, compoaed

jj- -U*j- (jauwi) meteorolog-

ical Station,

weather Btation

Cr-+j rapin firm, unshakable; sedate,

calm, composed
JL*j

O
out;

-1-+J

mirpad telescope
rasna
sedateneBs,

oomposure,

jL*j- mirjwd Observation post, look-

calmneaa, equanimity
,jij

ambuah
4L

jL^LL

.JJj to
*J

lie

in wait;
lie

iLtjLL
in

lT and jL^LLi
for b.o.,

Juj to

radda u {radd) to crush (*

B.th.);

to

ambush

waylay

s.o.

bruise (* a part of the body)

-Ulj rapid registering; (pl. ->Lj ruppd)

,>j

radd

pl.

^j^j

rudd

bruise,

watcher, watchdog, spy

*-b

<-iJ'self-

contusion
(J-l-^j ra^i^ crushed; bruised

cash rogister;

*-*'-> "j'j^

(mizn)

registering balance
J-*lj

rpida:

<SSi

lU-^lj

(falakiya)

k-jLij

ruiA

spittle, aaliva

telescope
^-*j-

~ij radaka a
>i-

{radk)

to

break, Bmash,

mablag

marpd

security,

shatter (* B.th.); to crack (* a kernel);

cover

(fin.)

radaka a {radk) to give


etud (*
B.th.,
._>

( s.o.)

a amall,
to yield,

u>j

II to inlay, set,

with

paltry present;

(fj~*j rudh)
o.a.,

gems or gold); to adorn, ment (v * s -^h. with)


tJfc-j

deoorate, Orna-

bow, give
to
s.o.,

in,

subordinate

Bubmit (J

to s.th.) VIII i^J -iJjl (Jukno

ton) to Bpeak

rabio with a foreign ao-

ra#afa
e.th.);

(rap/) to pave, lay

with Btone
raffa) to

(*

oent

rafiufa
II

u (Uj

~ij
gift

radk

U*j

radka a amall, paltry

be firmly joined

to lay with flagstones,

pave

{* B.th.)

t--*j rtyf

paving

(of roada)

U^Jj

radxka a small, paltry gift; tip,

baksheeah
(pl. *-jl ar$ifa)

Ja~*j
compact;

rapif firmly joined, firm, Bolid,

pavement;

r-j-^j

ni<iiii:

Submission,

surrender;

sidewalk; qnay; wharf, pier; mole, jetty;

yielding, compliance ; sympathetic under-

platform;
*la*M
;

(pl.
t.

LU#j ru$af**) oolleague

standing (J of)
|

i_'-.-i-

al-mahatfa (railway) plat-

rU^ mir#ifc

nutcracker

form j~J\ J
haJT
(for
ar-r.
oil

jii-1

Jl> V i-i--y

(Zt'-a'mdZi l-

(i l-bakr)

offahore drilling platform

drilling);

i_'v^

-ulj*

'at5yi<i

,j*s*j radrada to break into coarae pieoes, pound, orush (* s.th.)

quayage, pierage, wharfage

j^l^j

radrd pebblea, gravel

; ;

t>J
+j
ra4i'a

344

a and

ratfa'a

a [ra&, pUij

sanotion (* s.th.)

to seek to satisfy,

ra4a, JpLJj

rtuf'a) to

suck (ol jjj iadyo

try to conoiliate, treat in a conciliatory

ttmmt'Ai at its mother's breast)

and IY

manner
{ s.o.);

s.o.);

to conoiliate, appease
o.s. obliging,
o.s.,

to nuree at the breast, suokle, breast- feed


(

to show

make

o.s.

a baby)
ftr*j

populr, ingratiate
pl- l*-*j

try to gain good

ra4?

rvtfa''*

'L-ij

will or favor

fa^'' a

Bckling,

infant,

baby;

foster

i$*j,

L*j

riffan oontentment,

contented-

b rother

neas,

satisfaction ;

agreement, oonsent,

**L-ij

ra4fa

pl. -*

nureing bottle

aasen t, acceptance, approval; pleasure,


delight;

good

will,

favor

^j je readily,

f-L*j ri^kf foeter relationship


-ilj

&*dlyf is"J\
suoking;
reconciled

gs*
pl.

oay to please, easy

rd#'

pl.

^ij

rwfa'

suckling, Infant,

baby; Infant

(adj.)

^>j ra$\y

#L>jl ar^iy' 9
|

satisfied,

+j* murtff and **ij* murtfi'a pl. f~i\j* maroV' wet nurse; foster mother

content; pleasant, agreeable


(bi-nafs) gladly

wj

,jJcj

Oj

abbreviation of c*
riffan

41!

^>j, see

^j

'j^j rjlwn consent, assent, agree-

ment, acceptance,

approval,

sanction

U*j see ^>j

good
iLij-

will,

favor; pleasure, delight

^0j ragiya a (^>j n#an, jlj^y ri^un,


_>

L*j wr^ a
isfaction

means affrding

sat-

martf) to be satisfied, be content (*,

or

gratification;

satisfaction,

or

with); to consent, agree (*,

_>

pleasure
"<~*j tartfiya Batisfaction, gratification

or

to); to

approve
_>

(*,

_>

or
;

of), ac-

cept, sanction (*,

or

j s.th.)

to accept

compensation
L*j rvf oontentment, contentedness,
satisfaction; agreement, consent, assent,

the fact, resign

o.s.

to the fact (l that) ; to

be pleased
desire (*

J# or je with); to wish, s.th., J for s.o.) <_> *_iJ ^j


(*,
|

{li-Ttafeihi)

to permit

o.s.

a.th.;

^j

acceptance,

approval,

U
tiation, conciliation

sanotion ;

propi-

Jl

(magaata) he had no desire to


j\

humiliate her; jl

^j

(au db) whether


Zi\

Uiy.L bi-l-murtfh
amicably
L#jl

by

fair

means,

he

likes

it

or

not;

c*

^j

(IbI.

eulogy)

may God

be pleased with him;

ir$* satisfaction,

gratification;
|

vIjVIj i-idl J* {iyb) to be content to return without booty, be happy to

^j

fulfillment (of a claim, of

a desire)

,_-*-*

U*jVl fa'b

al-i,

hard to please, fastidious

have saved one's akin


fy, please (* s.o.); to III

II to satisfy, grati-

compensate

( s.o.) { s.o.);

ij+\j tarS4%n
*Lij^-\

mutual consent
conciliatory
attitude,

to seek to satisfy, try to please

iatirtf'

to propitiate, conciliate, win

( s.o.),

gain

conciliatoriness; propitiation, conciliation

the good will of


please
( s.o.)

()

IV to

satisfy, gratify,

ijLJjwl

istirtjtft

conciliatory
rutfh
satisfied,

to seek to satisfy, try to seek to propitiate

to please
(

( s.o.);

^\j
content;

r4%n

pl.

;Lj

s.o.);

to conciliate,

appease

s.o.)

agreeing,

consenting;
(life)

willing,

TI to come to terms VIII to be

satisfied,

ready; pleasant, agreeable


ij0j*

content, pleased (* with); to consent,

mw$in

satisfactory;

satisfying;

agree (* to

s.th.)

to approve (* of

s.th.),

pleasant. pleasing, gratifying; sufflcient

u*J
,_Jj rafiba

a and rafuba u

(*j_>Lj

rutba, jUj

i^j

ra'aba a (ru'b) to be alarmed, terrined;

rafba) to be moist,

damp, humid;
oalm

to be

to be afraid, be scared
frighten, scare, terrify

and IT

to

wet

to moisten (* s.th.); to cool, re(i-ll oi-

( s.o.)

VIII to be-

fresh; to soothe, soften,

come
afraid
i_jtj

frightened,

beoome alarmed, be

gata the heart); to

become succulent,
Bucoulent,

mellow, ripen (datee) IV to moisten (*


s.th.);

ru'b fright, alarm,


ir'b

dismay
intimidation

to

beoome

mellow,
-"Ujl

ripen (datea)

to be moistened; to be

frightening,

oooled, be refreahed; to be soothed, be

i^lj

r'ib dreadful, horrifying, terrible

Boftened, be oalmed
<-*j*j* mar'tib frightened, terrined,

ap-

<_^j

raflt

moist,

damp, humid; wet;

palled, afraid i~*j

fresh, oool ; juioy, suooulent, tender (plant)

mur'ib

frightening,

terrifying,

4_i>j

rufab

(coli.;

n. un.

pl.

^Ujl

terrible, horrible, dreadful

arfb,

-U*->

rifb fresh, ripe

dates

<_-Ij rafib pl.

v^J
cool;

r *f> moist,
juicy,

damp,

0*j

raada a u
(<_j

(ra'd) to

thunder; to appall
( s.o.)

humid;

fresh,

succulent,

s.o.

with) IT to

make

tremble;

pass. ur'ida to shudder, shiver,

tremble

tender (plant)
(j- with, e.g., with fear) VIII to tremble
<tjj rufba moisture, dampness, hu-

midity; wetness
t-itlj

0*j ra'd

pl.

jjcj ru'd thunder


ri'da

rfib moist,

damp, humid; wet


soft

J*j

ra'da,

tremor

shudder

shiver

oLUjdrinks

muraftibt refreshments,

iUj ra"d
(zooi.)

(coli.;

n. un. !) electric

ray

JUj

rafl pl. Jl^jl aril rotl,

a weight (inEg.

= 449.28 g; in Syr. = 3.202 kg, in Beirut and Aleppo = 2.566 kg)


Jj

0j0*j ri'did pl. -bjUj ra'dP oowardly;

coward
fjtj ro'ra'a to come into the prime of life (youth) II tara'ra'a to grow, develop,
flourish, thrive
fjt,j
fll
2 ro* ra*, ru'ru* pl. jl*j ra'ri' in

rafama u (rafm) to involve, implicate,


drag
(

s.o.

into s.th. unpleasant) VIII to

tumble,
fast,

fall,

plunge {j into); to stick

be stuck; to be involved, be ento

tangled (j in s.th.);

run
hit,

aground,
crash
(l-j

bloom
ra r** yy
*

Strand (ship); to bump,


against)

V_>d' }j*J

(eg.)

a variety of

fleabane (Pulicaria arabica Coss., Pulijetty caria inuloides D.


^jttj

^j TnaTfam breakwater, mole,


(iJj rafna, rifna) to

C;
and

ftot.)

$j Tafina u
jabber

speak

ra'aSa a {ra &)

ra'tia

(ra'aS) to

unintelligible

language,

talk

gibberish,

tremble, shakelVto
to

make (* s.o.)

tremble;
ra'aSa
r.

make
il*j

s.o.)

Bhiver VIII

<>Uj rafna, rifna lingo, gibberish


J-Lj ruiain lingo, gibberish

ri'Sa

tremor

^J-\

*-1pj

al-

humm
^Iwjl

feverish shiver
irii'i

tremor, trembling

f\*j ra'' rabble, mob, rowdies, Hooligans

riffraff,

scum, ragtag;
^mt-j

V and

VIII to writhe, wind, co

346

tjtfj ro'o/a

u a and

ra'ifa a: aJ\ Juy (an*

conaideration (> s.th.), allow (* for s.th.)


III to euperviae,

fvX) to have a noeebleed

watch, control

(* s.th.),

JiUj

ru'f

and

tJu*j ra'/ noeebleed

keep an eye

(* on);

to maintain, keep

up, preserve (* B.th.); to observe, bear in

Jwlj
*Uj
n*'/a

r<T/ tip

of the nose

mind, heed, respect (*


(a with, e.g.,

s.th.),
;

comply
to take

wreath

with regulations)

into

oonsideration,
allow,

take into acoount


(* for

J-*j ro'i/ pl. Jl*j ri'dJ squadron of annored, motorized, or cavalry troope
(8yr., Ir.\ mit.)

(* s.th.),
s.th.);

make allowance

to
(

show
that)
s.o.,

deferenoe, regard or re-

spect to
it

for s.o.); to
|

fUj ru'dm glandera


>j ra'anuw Ramses (name of Eg. kings)
jj ru'na u (Xjej ru'na) to be lightheaded,
frivolous ;

(l

*>U

make provision, Bee ^Ij (gdgiroAti) to


ar'atiuh

defer to

respect s.o.'s feelinga or

wiahea IY yjf *^*jl


l

aam'l I

listened to him; iJLr- JpjI ar'ini aam'aka

ra'ana u

listen to

me!

Jii

^jl

(no?araA) to

(ro'n)

,^-JJi <^*j

follow B.th. attentively with one's eyes

ra'anoMu -Sams to have a sunstroke


jj ro'n Bunstroke;
*<Sn)

VIII to graze, pasture (oattle)


ri*

to atI

(pl.

l*j

tract (*J nazarah s.o.'s eyes, **L

inti*

mountain peak
flip-

bhaK
s.th.)
silly

a.o.'s

attention); to observe (*

j*jl or'on* lightheaded, frivoloua,

pant, raah, heedless, careless ; stupid,

i/-j

ra 'y oare, keeping, custody, guard-

thoughtleas; unsteady, fickle, volate


_j*j

ianship; protection; observance (J of),

ru'na

pl. -t

levity,

frivolity,

adherence <J to,


ill

e.g.,

to agreement*))

flippancy; thoughtle
(jfij)

L*j

God

be with you!

Uj

i-ej ro'iyo pl.

ro'd

UUj ra'y

herd, flock;

(ro'w, Ijfij ra'wa, ru'wa, tSjf-j

ra'w,

ru'ic)
jt-

and IX jjcjl ir'aw to


from
j

pariah (Chr.); subjecta, Citizens;


ject,

a sub-

Citizen

deaist (,yoT

sin,

from

error), re-

pent, Bee the light

- j*- ifjtjl

(^oyyiAi)

iSj*j

ra'aun,

<Sj\*j ro'un
|

and jUj
letter

to repent, turn over a

new

leaf

ra**\ pastoral, bucolic

j_>*j

ijj" parish

iSy-J ra'wa, ru'w repentance,

amend-

church (Chr.); LJLcj JUj pastoral


(Chr.)
*ijfij

ment, converBion
iSj*j

ra'aw and *u*j see

ra'awiya citizenship, nationality

^j-j

^j

ra' a {ro'y,

iUj

ri'ya,

^^
b.o.);

mar' an)
;

ij-j

mar' an

pl. f\j+

mar'in grasslaud,

to graze ; to tend (* a flock of animals)


(ro'y,

grazing land; pasture


<l*j

jUj

rt'dya)

to

guard,
(
*

protect,

ri'ya keeping, custody, Charge,


attention,

take under one's wing


(>, for),

to care

care;

conBideration,

regard;

take care

(*,

of); to

watch

patronage,
tectorate
|

auspices,

sponsorship,

pro-

(over); to
it

male a

poit (of s.th.),

make

IjUj c-^ under the auspices of,


r.

one't

business; to observe,
(* s.th.); to

bear in

sponsored by; JiUI jUj jS^- markaz


fifi

af-

mind, heed, respect


(* to),

adhere

health

center
JjoJI

for

children
Sarf

(Eg.)

oomply

(* with),

abide

(e.g.,

\x^
into

ijl*j

jS"y\

iLU* jj.

mv'malat

'ahdan or u*U* mu'hadatan by a treaty


or

ad-duwal al-aktar ri'yatan moet-favorednation clause

an agreement,

etc.);

to take

347

i\*\j.

murifh oonsideration, regard,


oomplianoo (with), obof regulations, of dotiea,

tl V VJ" nndesirable; *J v>V* -* (**sV)


i^

deferenoft, respeot;

sarranoe
etc.)
|

(o.g.

persona grata, *J ^ji-j jf ^j** persona non grata {dipl.); 4* vj*>* nndesirable,

SU)/ (munTdton) in deferenoo to,

onwanted, objeotionable, loathsome

out of regard for, for the

uke

of;

in

oLy
rfj ra0o|a

mwv^iod?

attraetions,

lores,

observanoe of ; A^L*** 1*1/- oat of deferenoe to them, out of regard for their
feelings, wishes, eto.; li 1*1^ taking

advantages

a (#) to raok (U at the mother's

this into aooonnt, bearing this in

mind

teaU; aaid of animals)


w>j>j ra#tif

flj rtCin pl.

:Uj ru'dA, Lej ru'yan,


shepherd,

unweaned young female

Uj

rw'if,

ri'd*

herdsman;
4*j rauda
(ra$ad)

goardian, keeper, prototor ; patron, Sponsor; pastor {Chr.)

u (oUj
to

ra^dda)
pleasant,

and raQida a
oomfortable,

be

y.j* mar'iy observed, oomplied with


i^pj
roffiba

oarefrae
oij

(life)

(5-*j

ra&a,

^-ej

raao)

to

m^d eaty, oarefrse,


|

pleasant, agree-

desire, wish,

want, crave, oovet (j


s.o.,

a.th.)

able

(life)

Jej

^V

(*aii)

li

of plenty

to ask (j* or Jl
s.th.),

for s.tb., ul to

do
ul
to,

and opolenoe

requast (j s.th.;

>

or Jl

s.o.,

to do s.th.); to prefer (Je


also

s.th.

Vj

raQid

easy,
|

oarefrse,

pleasant,
life

agreeable

(life)

.lj

j*

l_>

s.th. to), like s.th. (j, also ^>)

^V

fa) a

of

plenty and opolenoe


Jij rafad oomfort, opolenoe, affluenoa
(of living)

better than (Je, also je); to dislike, detest,

loathe (je

s.th.),

have a distaste (j*


|

for);

to wish (^ J

s.o. s.th.)

<ui

-*.r

(yur^ofru) nndesirable II to

make
desire,
*

(# s.o.)

oUj

rofda

oomfort,

opolenoe,

af-

desirous (j of),
(

awaken a

a wish
s.o.

floenoe (of living)


l

in s.o. for); to interest (j


exoite s.o.'a
()

in

s.th.),

interest in (j); to

kj*j raQraQa to
TaQraQa

live in

opolenoe and lozory

awaken an avenion s.th.) IV = II

(je

in

s.o.

to

0>j
^Ujl

(=

jpjp QarQara) to gargle

i^j raQab: L*jj Lij ra6an wa-raAo


tan torn between greed and fear
Lij raoa
pl.

urpdfa

pl. -i, Jkeljl

ord^

(ej.)

wind-

lau, winoh; oapstan


wish,
iJkJ-j

raaMf, t-*Uj

rt$ft

rafif

pl. ii*j\

arfifa,

uU#j

ruQfn,

desire, longing, appetite (j for)

.Jj ru^u/
objeot
(*yr.)

flat

loaf of bread;

roll,

bon

i_Pj

ratfi&a

pl.

i_JUj

ra&Tib*

of desire, desideratiun; wish, desire

^y

tarfib

awakening of a desire or

>j IT to foroe, oompel, ooeroe do s.th.)

s.o.

to

longing (J for); inoitement to oovetousneos; invitation, attraotion

Jj raQma (prep.) deapite, in spite of


ul Jj

althoogh,thoagh; je L^j ro^num 'an

wilj rfib
desiroaa
|

pl. *j*j

ro^oAo

deairing,
(aale)

in spite of, despite; *iil je l>j (artfM)


iil

and

^Ij

y-^/ lt-dm rfibin

j*

>jjl

J* just to

spite him, in de-

to the highest bidder

flance of bim, against bis will; j*

>jJ0

Vj*/* marflfl :
after, in

V vjV* ooveted, songht


desired, desirable; j*i

&i-r-ra^n

min and je

demand;

despite, in spite of;

and j* Af"J U* Jf j* JJ)b in


J>J\*

f>
spite of all this; *l* 2J\j

348

and

*l

fj\ Ja
will,
i-j

Jij raff night, covey (of birds)

against

s.o.'s will;

against one's

own

reluotantly, without wanting it;


*aid

jj
s.th.,

rOjgP

pl.

jyj
|

ru//,

tjlij

rt//

Jp
al-

shelf; rack; ledge

JJ\

ragmin minnl without

my wanting it;
...

J*

*+J>j to shelve

put

a.th, aside

l j* J^J in spite of

the faot that,


l

though; \Jj

*$\

...

*$

iU ragman

Jilij roTd/ radiant, flashing, sparkling,

only reluotantly, only with great effort

glistening
lij

>Uj ragm dust and Band


lUj

ro/o'a a (raf)
(a clothing),

to mend, repair, patoh


(*

bow up, fine-draw

a rent),

rugm mucus

dam
ahore

(* socks);

to drag (* a boat)

on

i/Uj rum windpipe, traohea [anat.)


*jj*

margama

pl.

jSj* marg'im* comforce;

#Uj raff* darner, fine-drawer


lij

pulsion,

ooercion,

aversion,

unrij*
*\ij\j
!

(marital)

harmony, love

willingness, reluctance, dislike,


l*Ujl

distaste

^J>\j

(banin) live in

harmony and

irgm oompulsion (Jp to)


|

beget sona (felioitation to newlyweds)


*Jlj
\ij*

j\j rgim reluctant, unwilling


i-lj

marfa'

pl. *j}j*

rnarji

,%

landing

[anjuh) (aaaAl clause) reluctantly,


l

place, wharf, quay; port, harbor

grudgingly

Caj rafata

(raft)

to break, smash, crush

jiji look

up

alphabetically
(fau>) to

(* s.th.); to reject, turn {*


s.th.);

down, decline
(

to dismias, disoharge

s.o.

(_jpj)

Uj ro^E v
|

foam, froth

II

and

from

Service)
raft

IT do.
rage
jpj

AjjIj

^jl (axbada) to fume with cJj


service)

dismissal,

discharge

(from

ragwa,

rugwa

pl. jli>

raun
Cjj ruft mortal remains, body (of a
person)

foam, froth, spinne; lather; dross, slag


j_>pj ragwi

foamy, frothy
(fig.,

Uj

ro^f'

windbag

of

'*-j raftiya transit

duty; clearance

certif-

person);
icate, clearance

papers (com.)

garmlous; chatterbox, prattler


ijlij ru<zwa

foam, froth, spume

rafata

iu

to behave in an obscene

manner
haB absolutely nothing, he
all
is

devoid of

*Uj

rafai obscenity

reeources, prop.: he

has neither a

Jj rafah Rafah (town in S


4*j

Gaza

sector)

bleating (heep) nor a braying (camel)

rafada
s.o.);

(rafd) to support, aid, help

D raffet i (raff, Jui rafif) to gleam, shimmer,


glisten, gtter;

to support, uphold, carry (* s.th.)


aid, help ( s.o.)
(

(raff)

to quiver,

IV to support,
( s.o.)

X to
s.o.)

ask
for

twitch; to flioker; to Aap the wings (bird);

for support, appeal

to

to flutter; to wave, stream; to flash, flare


for a

moment

to appear suddenly ;
s.o.),

help
oij rifd pl.

to be anxious to please (J
j

serve (J

iyj rufd,

ilijl

arfd pres-

j^li J* <Jj it flashed s.o.) diligently through hi mind, it occurred to bim all
of a Budden

ent, gift; support

*iUj

rifda

dresaing,

bandage

(over

a wound); saddlecloth, pd

349

CJ
^j
rafa'a a (raf) to
lifl,

oilj

rfid

pl. aitjj

rawfid* tributary

Hfl up, raise aloft,

stream; jloil^l ar-rfidn (Euphrates and


Tigris
oilj

heave up, hoist up


s.th., e.g.,

(* s.th.); to raise (*
flg.: e.g.,

Mesopotamia, Iraq

one's head, also

the

rfida pl. oiljj ratufid* support,

intelleotual level,

a price); to raise in

prop; rafter
C>j*j rafrafa to

esteem

(* s.th.); to

make high

or higher

(a s.th.); to elevate (* s.th.); to heighten,

Aap the wings

(bird); to

exalt,
(Jl

enhance
s.o.

(* s.th.); to raise,

promote

flutter (flag, wings, or the like); to

blow

to the rank of); to

fly, let

up
off,

(wind); to blindfold (* the eyes)


(Ji^ij rafraf plj (Jijlij

(*, e.g.,

a kite); to hoist, ran

up

(Li* 'aia*

rafrip oushion,

man
doff,

or

lj

ryatan a

flag)

to take

pd; eyeshade, visor (of a cAp); fender


(of

tip

(oj

qubba'atah one'a hat);

an automobile)
rafrf
pl. (Jujljj

to place, fasten or attaoh (* s.th.) high

above; to
(Jij^j
rafrif2

erect, set

up

(* s.th.); to raise

eye

(*jj~*

sautah one's voice); to remove,

bandage

take

away

(je-

or . * s.th. from); to
lifl

^Jj rafasa

(rafa)

to kick

s.o.)

abolish, eliminate (* s.th.); to


e.g.,

(* s.th.,

a ban), put an end (* to


(*

s.th,);

to

<_jj rafaa (n. vic.) kick

remedy

a mistake); to
s.th.);
(

free, relieve

o^*j raffs steam launch, Bteamboat; motor tug; O propeller


Jtij rafS shovel, Bpade

(* je- s.o.
s.o.
(

of

to put s.th. (*) before

Jl),

submit

Jl * s.th. e.g.,

a petition,
like,

to), file (Jl

* a report, and the

with

a proper authority); to present, dedicate

,j-lij

raffs

(= ^Uj

raffte)

steam launch,

{Jl * s.th.

to

s.o.);

to offer

up

(* sacrifioes;

steam boat
^ij rafatja
%

Chr.); to

make, deliver (Ij-J a report);


initiate

to start,

(*-** qafiyotan legal

u ira) to
down,

leave,

abandon

action); to ascrihe (Jl * a Prophetio tradition to an authority or souroa); {gram.)

(* s.th.); to discard,

dismiss (* s.th.);
decline, refuse to

to rejeot, turn

to pronounce the final consonant with u; to put (* a word) in the nominative or indicative, respectively ; pass. rujCa it ap-

accept (*

s.th.)

IV to fimsh, conclude,
break up; to disappear,

terminate V to he higoted, fanatic IX to


scatter, disperse,

peared,

came

in sight,

became

viaible (J

ceaBe

(e.g.,

pain); to drip (sweat)

before s.o.); *^e *ij rufi'a 'anhu he re-

cr**J

mAJ

dismissal; rejeotion, refusal,

gained consciousnees

3ji

lixi

-jj

nonacceptance

to put s.th. before or above s.th. eise;

UrfiJj
missed

rafl4

abandoned; rejected,

dis-

L*tj

*J

(ra'san)

to pay attention to

s.th.;

*iU fr *ij (min Sa'nihi) to enhance the importance of s.th.; to speak


4iit.

^jij laraffw} bigotry, fanaticism

of s.th. in glowing terms;


i-ii \j

**j
<jUj

(mo
-jj

r4a

pl.

^i \j j rawdfaf* turncoats,
troops

knatihi) to Upgrade s.th.; *l*

renegades, dissenters, defectors;

(yadaihi) to desist, refrain from s.th.; -ij

having deBerted their leader; Rafidites,


a Shiitio sect ^iiSj r4i
pl. i/'lijl

J*

iSje-ii\

(da'w) to sue
s.o. hl,\

s.o.,

lodge a

complaint against
arf^
apostate,
disloyal,

in

a court);
*i

4-L

***

jj

(qajtyatan) or *~Ji
s.o.,

jj

renegade,

turncoat ;

Rafidite ;

to bring legal action against


b.o.

go with

rebellious; bigoted, fanatioal

to

court;

JUj-^1 *j to appeal,

; ;

350

make an appeal

(A*\

to a court) II to

ijl

arfa'*

higher;

loftier,

more ex-

raise, lift, elevate; to oelebrate oarnival

alted; finer;
**-ij

more

refined, subtler

to act as defense counsel (j* of


s.o.,

s.o.)

rafVa

pl. ^Jlij

ra/dV 1

legal oase

defend (jp

in court), plead s.o.'e hale (Jl


o.s.

brought before the competent authorities;

(j*) cause; to

to court)

summon, V to be or deem

s.o.

a document submitted to a proper

above
s.th.),

B.th.

authority

(j*), be too proud (j* for

look
m$j*

down

(j* upon)

*Jy

gj

to raise or

marfa Shrovetide (Chr.); caxnival,


do.
mardfi'* hoisting

bear one's head high TI to hale one another before the jadge (fU-1 Jl); to take one's oase before the judge (J"U-1 Jl); to

pl. i\j* marfi"'


*ij*

mirfa'a

pl. *lj-

gear, crane
-Jj."

plead (in court) Till to

rise, lift;

to go up,
tarff
;

ascend; to beoome higher; to grow, inorease, rise; to ring out (tone, voioe, tnne)

pl. -dt

promotion

offioial)

salary raise ( Jl to the

(of an amount of

to go away, pass away, be eliminatedj

4jj\j*

murdfa'a

pl. -t

speech for the


{

disappear ( j* from)
to gain prestige

Cj+

^jl (fautuh)

defense (in court); proceedings at law


i*il^Il

a^j

yaum

ai~m. date fixed for the

Jj raf

lifting,

hoisting

(also,

of a

trial (of

a case in oourt); il>Uil^l


11*

>U

flag); elevation; raise, raising,

stepping
etc.)

(Eg.)

and oUil^i

majaUat al-m.

up

(of prices,

of temperatures,

(Tun.) code of procedura

setting up; ereotion; Abolition;

lift (e.g. t

ij

tarajfu"

arrogance,

haughtiness, oon-

of a ban) ; remedy, elimination, removal


remiaaion (of a tax); Submission, filing
(o.g.,

snobbery (j* toward

s.th.), disdain,

tempt ( j of
liJjl

s.th.)

of a report); pronunciation of the


irtifa* rise (e.g.,

of prices); ele(e.g.,

final

oonsonant with u (gram.)


lifting (athUt.)

JUjV' *j

vation; increase; height, altitude

weight

of a mountain,
Uij rifa height, elevation
(e.g.,
|

j**JS pl-
\

J* 'on sajhi l~bakr


... l*3jl

of a

above sea

level, etc.)
...

J* t

struoture); high rank or standing


**ij\

*-L#

an

altitude of
rfi'

(formerly:)

title
*\jjj)\

of the Egyptian
2*lj

bearer

wlj
**i'j

yT

hoisting

Prime Minister,

iJ

~uj

**ij

rif'al

gear, lifting apparatus, hoist; windlass,

rais al-wusar,' His Exoellency the Prime


Minister

winoh; crane; pump;


fco)

o** (mt^afc*

suotion

pump
pl. *ljj

f-lij

n'/*

Shrovetide (Chr.)
Uilj
rfi'a

rattt/T'

hoisting

*^j

rafi

high,

high-ranking ;

lofty,

gear,

lifting

apparatus,

hoist;
|

orane;

ezalted,
thin,

sublime; loud (voioe, sound);


delicate;
|

hoisting installation (mining)

**L>
r.

fine,

exquisite,

refined,

ylj (haw'iya)

ejeotor;

(Wl

i*ilj

subtle; artiatio

tiil

^Jj

r.

oj-la'n ap-

algm mine Bweeper

prox.: exalted; formerly, in Tunisia, title

of the

members of the Bey's family;


*-L#

*^*
order

mor/*

traceable

in

asoending

of traditionaries to
tradition) ;

Mohammed
in

JJI
ferred

aUI

(maqm)

title

con-

(Prophetic

(gram.)

the

upon bearers of the order }*ii\ al-qda, established by Fu'ad I in 1936;


i*aj\ OjL\ (*=
'*LJ~\

nominative or indicative, respectively


*i^
muraffa":
tili

jL\) the fine arts; l

gj.\

(fo'nuA)

pv+J^j

pf

*" n

od

w (=

*U)

tiil gij\ (see

^ij ro/f >

; ,

351

*J
associate, partner; accomplice; kind
to),
r,

mj\j*

murfi' plaintiff

(v

jJU mutaraffi' haughty, arrogant, snob-

mild,

gentle,

tender

vj-dl jjj

bish
*>j*

al-madrasa classmate, sohoolmate

murtafi'

rising,

ascending; high,
|

Jj
girl

rafiqa pl. -l

woman companion;

elevated; resounding, ringing


IJjLi (sikkat al-h.)

JjJi-l

iS

friend;

sweetheart; mistress, para-

elevated railway
altitude;
ele-

mour
jij^ mirfaq, marfiq

[JCj*

murtafa"

height,

elbow;

mirfaqpl.
to

vated place;

terrace; pl. -l heights,

ji j
I

marfiq 2

anything

conducive

elevations, hls

personal ease and comfort, convenience;

appurtenance
jij rafaqa

(of

an apartment, of a

(rifq)

and

rafiqa

a (rafaq) to be

house; such aa kitchen, bathroom, Btable,


etc.);

kind, friendly, nioe


J), treat
(i_j

(l->

to

s.o., also

gently
s.o.)
(

(l_

b.o.,),

J# and be courteous
Com-

attainment of civilization,
Institution;
pl.

civili-

zational

J*^

attain-

with

III to

be a companion, a
{ s.o.)

ments of

civilization; conveniences ;

pubfLiJl

comrade

of s.o.); to keep

lic Utilities;

installations; facilities
|

pany; to be on intimate terms, be hand


in
(

cfiSj* J* (qiym) concern for their welfare; SU-1 jilj^

glove,

be

frier) d,

assooiate
(

closely

m, al-hayh conveniences,

with

s.o.);

to

accompany
to

s.o.; also

anything conducive to personal ease and


comfort;
Utilities
;

mus,); to escort

(*, s.o., s.th.)


(

IV to be

i.LJl ji'jil

('mma) the publio


(oil

of use, be useful
help
(

s.o.),

avail, serve,
(l->

j d\

ji l^ refining facilities

s.o.);

to

accompany

a s.th.

industry)
~*j\j*

with); to attach, enclose, add, append


(._

* to B.th. s.th.)

to

show

murfaqa accompaniment

es-

o.s.

kind,
cort;

display a gentle, friendly attitude (v

Company, association
irtijq

toward

s.o., also

**),

be nice (^ to
s.th.),

s.o.,

JUJjl

utilization,

use;

useful(jur.)

also **); to

do gently (j
in)
|

proceed

ness, serviceableness ;

easement

gently {j

j* j jij

{aairihi) to

jil^ murfig

pl.

-n

companion,

at-

walk slowly,

stroll,

saunter VI to travel
(l->

tendant; escort; accompanist; adjutant,


aide (Ir.)

together VIII to profit, benefit, gain

from or by), make

use, avail o.s., take


utilize (o> s ib.);
(*

advantage

(i_>

of),

to

o jij* murjaq
pl. c>\Jj*

bihi attached, enclosed;


(in

lean one's elbows, rest one's arms


s.th.)

on

enclosures

letter,

or

the like)
^jJjA murtafaq that

Jtj rifq friendliness, kindness, gentleness


|

on which one leans

l^-A-l

^ji^l

*-*j^

jam'iyat ar~r.

orrests; Support; toilet, latrine


Jij rafala
strut,

bi-l-hayawn Society for the Prevention


of Cruelty to Animals 4_j
rifaq, rifqa,

(rafl)

to trail

a garment; to

swagger
ri.

rufqa
jlijl

pl.

JLij

rifq,

jjj
Jij
*ij

rujaq,

arjq

group,
|

troop,
ac-

train (of a garment) rafh,


<*lij

body

(of people);

companied by,
j-ij

in

company iy the Company of

rafuha u
rafkiya)

(lij

rafha, 5-*lij
pleasant,

to

be comfortable,
to

raflq pl. Lj

rufaq* 1 , lij rijq


;

luxurious

(Life) II

make
to
life;

(* life)
(

pleasant
b.o.)

companion, attsndant
friend;

escort ;

buddy

and comfortable;
pleasant, luxurious

afford

comrade

(in

Marxist terminology)

to be a souroe

; ;

*J
of ease and comfort,
(J*,
je-

352

make
j*

thinga easy
s.o.) live

Jj raqq,
tambourine
4jj

riqq

parohment;

riqq

(eg.)

for s.o.), let (J*,

in

oomfort; to relax (J*, j*

s.o.),

provide
ness ;

riqqa thinness; alenderness,


fineness,

slim-

recreation (J#, j for); to ease, soften,

delicateness,

delioaey

mitigate (* j* for s.o. s.th.) ; to cheer


(j*
s.o.).

up

gentleness, mildneas; amiability, graeiousness, friendliness


friendliness,
|

raise

the spirits of (je); to


j

i-ili.1

i,

r.

ai-hHya

soothe

(&

the soul)

* j*

*ij

to re-

courteousness,

amiability

lax, find recreation (*

from work); J* j

jj*lS\ 4*j sensitivity, delicaey of feeling,

4-J to find recreation


4*j ri/A.

taot; -U1 i*j


ness,

r.

af-fab"

kindneas, gentler}jl\ <*j

and Uj ra/dA well-being, wel-

mild temper, friendliness;

fare; personal ease


Irving, luxury,
i*lij

and comfort; good


life

gentleness, mild temper


Jlij ruqq flat loaf of bread;

comforts of
sUj
life;

waffles

rafha,

rafhiya comfort-

able,

luxuriouB

luxury;

comfort,

Jjj
of

raqiq pl.

lijl

ariqq'*, jtfj

riqq

slave, slaves (sing,

and
thin;

coli.);

flat loaf

comfortableness, ooziness; complete relaxation

bread

(nejd);

slender,

slim;

and ease
of ease and luxury

fine, delicate; soft,

tender, gentle; sen-

<jj
fort

tarfih creation

sitive,
J-*jJI

taotful, discreet,

prudent

*j\jf

habituation to luxury; providing of oom-

slave trade; JLA-l jJ>j poor, needy;


S^iU-l

and relaxation; recreation; (mental)


j^^jJI
|

(J\jL\)

jJj

r.

al-hKya

(ai-

relaxation

*jj

t.

al-'a good

livat-t.

hawM)
jj*l\

friendly, oourteous, civil, amiable;

ing, comfortable life; *-ij3l

-J qitm

jJj

sensitive;

*jLJl

jJj

r.af-fab'

reoreation department
(j*j)

kind,
r}jl\

gentle,

mild-tempered,

friendly;

^J

A* u (/w

dam, mend

(* s.th.)

Jj gentlehearted

-#j raqiqa lamina, flake

3j raqqa

(j riqqa) to be or become thin,

delicate, fine; to

be tender, soft; to be
{water);

Jjl araqq* thinner; slimmer;


icate
jlij^

more

del-

pure, clear, limpid


relent (J

to soften,
pity,
feel
|

toward

s.o.),

have

mirqq rolling pin


thin, flaky pastry

compassion, have sympathy (J


*Ji
J

for)

jj (qanth) he took pity on him


thin out (* s.th.); to
soft or tender, render
lij

Jyj* morqq
raqa'a

make thin, refine, make fine,


II to

a to oease to flow

(tears)

delicate (* s.th.); to polish, smooth,

make

<_Jj raqaba

(>-jiij

ruqyb, lij raq&ba) to


(*

elegant (* one's speeoh); to flatten, roll

observe,
s.th.);

watch, regard attentively

out

(* esp. metal)

IT to make

thin, fine

to supervise, control {* B.th.); to


for),

or tender, render delicate, refine (* s.th.)

wait (*
rttqb)

await (*

s.th.);

(<~!yj

to soften (* the heart)


relent (J

to

soften,

to watoh (* over

s.th.),

guard

toward

b.o.),

have

pity,

have

(* s.th.);

to take into oonsideration, heed,

sympathy

(J for),

sympathize (J with)

observe, respect (* s.th.); to fear

God);

to be thin, fine, delicate; to soften (*

to be on one's guard, watch out, be careful


j

s.th.); to enslave,

make a

slave

( s.o.)

i Vj

V V

v^ V (Man -W
s.o.

4immatan) to treat

ruthlessly III to

3j raqq

pl.

3yj rvgq

turtle

watch,
s.o.,

observe,

regard

attentively
(*,
*

jj riqq quality or oondition of being

m s.th.),

keep an eye

on);

slave, slavery,

bondage

to

make

out, deteot (* s.th.);

to oon-

: ;

363

JO
^Jj* mirqab telesoope

trol

(*

a.th.,

e.g.,

the

traffio,

the

presa, a.o.'s

doinga, etc.) aupervia (*


(*

vLr*

murqaba

Observation ;

auper-

some work), have an eye


s.o.'s dealings);

on t
|

e.g.,
Jl

on

vision; aurveillance; inspection; control;

to fear

God)

l-jIj
8.0.)

oenBorahip (of the presa); znail censorship;

4J

(lit.:

to fear
s.o.

God

with regard to

superintendency,

controllerahip;

to treat

well for fear of

God V
B.th.),

to

zone of inspection i^Sj taraqqub expectation, anticipation

expect, anticipate, await (*

look

forward to
for); to

(*),

wait, look, look out (*,


a.th.),

regard (*
in wait

look (* at B.th.);
VIII to expeot,

<->Uujl irtiqb

expectation, anticipation
pl. -fln

to

lie

(*

for)

>~*\j*

murqib

observer; overController,

anticipate {* a.th.)

seer,

Supervisor,

inspector;

<Sj riqba Observation; control; attention; caution, wariness; vigilanoe, watchfulness

control officer; censor; Sergeant major,

quartermaster Sergeant (Eg. 1030)

<-il_r*

JLu m. talim a military rank (approx.


pl. -t,
(/*/.

<Jj raqaba
(pl.

^Uj

rxqb neck;
|

master Sergeant; Eg. 1030);

J-^

>r*'j*

m. ta'yin a military rank (approx. : quartermaster Sergeant; Eg. 1030); Ja. >~J\j*

^Ijj) slave;
r.

Zaw)person

O V->
ptdb

j-i-

jiar

bridgehead; JJI

_JL*

(madanl)
(Mor,,
(soccer)

title

of a high looal ofncial


.UjLA-'l
t-ilj-

ar-r. stubborn,

obstinate, obstreperous

Tun.);

linesman

*JJ\ Ji-U do.; ^lij


for it rests
yk*j L

li* reBponsibility
J*-\
-lij

on their Shoulders; 4***


bi-r.

i^Uy akada ba'duhum

badin

raqada u {raqd,

j>jij

ruqd, jj ruqd)
lie

to follow in close Buccession

to sleep, be asleep; to go to bed; to

down
Vj*j ruqb anticipation, expectation
i_-Jj

to rast; to

lie;

to rest; to abate,
(e.g.,

aubaide, let up,

calm down

a storm)
list-

raqtb pl. U*j

ruqab**

vigilant,

to be down, be flagging; to be dull,


less

watchful;

guardian,

keeper,

warden;

(market)

^-i-Jt
|

J*

jSj (baid) to sit

watcher, observer, lookout; spy; overseer,

on the egga (hen)


aleep; to
( s.o.) (* s.o.)

II to

put

(*

s.o.)

to

Supervisor,

inspector ;

Controller,

make

( s.o.) lie

down; to put
to put

control offioer; postal oensor; Sergeant


(Syr. t m.)
|

to bed; to lay down, Stretch out

Jjl

^Jj

(atvwal) approx.:

IV to put to sleep
(

(* s.o.);

staff sergeant (Syr., mtl.)


j^Jj

to

bed
-j

a child)
sleep ;

ruqb donation with the proviao


shall either rerert to the

raqda

manner

of

lying,

that

it

donor

lying position
jISj

after the donee's death or

become the

ruqd sleep; reoumbency, reoum-

property of the donee upon death of the

bent position

donor
*j\ij

(Ist.

Law)

iyj ruqd

sleep; recumbency, recum(pl.

raqba supervision, control; oen-

bent position; Bleeping, asleep


active participle)

of the

aorahip (of the presa)

<>yj raqba
nest egg

and

~oJ*\j

rqba

{eg.)

jylj rqd

pl. -Ljljj

rawqxd* large jug

j*
J_r*

marqad

pl. Ji\j*

marqicP

bed;

tJj- margab and

marqdba lofty

couch; resting place; mausoleum

Observation post, lookout; watchtower;

jjj
,j-i-JI t.

iarqid (eg.) layerage (hrt.)

xSJ

O observatory

al-baid hatching of the eggs

; ;

*>

354

IaJJ tarqida
oilj

(eg.)

layer (hrt.)
ruqgad,

,j^ij
hall,

marqaf

pl. ^j+^j*

marqif dance

ballroom; dance, ball


r&qi?

rqid

pl. oJj

jyj rugd
rejj^ilj

sleeping,

asleep;
;

lying, quiet,

reclining,
dull,

dancer;
|

dance,
****lj
<_>*

dancing
(Kafia)

cumbent
(market)
J&j

resting ;

listleae

(uaed attributively)

iL*-

dance, ball;
**Jlj.

****lj

dance music;

(laila)

dancing party
pl.
-t

muraqqtd somniferous,

lulling; pl.
*~*i\j

o'jj^ soporifics

rqifa

female

dancer

O
3jj raqraqa to mix,
dilute
(*

kneecap, patella
i**ilj*

wine with
murqifa (female) danoing partner

water)

II

taraqraqa to overflow {fj*JJlt

with te&ra; eyea), be bathed (fj-JL in


tearo);

to

glitter,

glisten,

eparkle;

to

.Ljj

II

to apeckle, Bpot

(ft

a.th.)

stii gently,

breathe (wind)
.LSjl arqaf*

apeckled, apotted; leopard


r

3\j>j raqrq

bathed

(in tears),

moist,
>jj raqa'a

misty (eye);

glittering, ghatening; radi-

a (raq

to patch (* a garment);
raq'a) to be stupid

ant, brilU&nt, resplendent

II

raqa'a

(5*lij

raqa'a

JjUj ruqriq not deep, shallow (water)


*fij
^jijj

ruq'a

pl.

ij

ruqa',

f-lij

riq'

raqa&a

to

variegate,

oolored {* s.th.) II do.;


bellish,

make multito adom, ein-

patch ; piece of cloth ; piece of land, terrain or ground; area; Iot, plot of land;

decorate (*

B.th.)

ground (of a

flag);

cheaaboard;

slip

of

paper, piece of paper ; note, brief measage


^/ij\

arqaS* variegated, multicolored,


ticket;

ooupon; bond, aecurity; a curaive

oolorful

style of calligraphy

O
,j*Sj

u*^-r

n*Tifl& pl. u-i^j"

marqiP

^ raq? stupid,

ailly,

foolish;
(pl.

im<-*jl

bruah (of the painter)


raqafia

pudent, impertinent, shameless;


danoe; to prance
arqi'a)

(raqf) to
|

firmament
raqu'a atupidity, ftwliahness, folly

(hone; J* to a tnne) U-y (farahan) to dance with joylltoinake(*a.o.)dance;


to set (* s.th.) in a awinging motion; to

^j

UUj
*tij

marqa'a

and

<?Sj*

marqaiya

make

{*

the heart) tremble

./-UJ-l
|

^j
with

tatters, rags

(prop.: to

make the

throats tremble) to

pjj
(med.)

tarqf

patohing

<J>*"

proroke loud laughter


a
girl)

m to dance

rfj

'

( l*

al-qarniya tranaplantation of the Cornea

IT

= II;

VI to move; to danoe; to

prance; to tremble (heart)


<j**j

oLJj* muraqqat fragments


j

raqt danoing, dance


ar-r.

,j**J\

X**

Jj

raqama u (raqm) to write


brand

(* s.th.);
;

to
to

muaim

H anfing inatraotor

point, provide with points (* a text)

~*Sj raqfia (n. vic.) pl. raqafi


,j*Ijj

danoe

(*

a hone); to imprint
s.th.);

(*

a trace,

a mark); to mark (*
raqq&t (professional) danoer; pen{*

to stripe
II to

dulum
i-Lij
girl,

a fabrio); to number (*

s.th.)

(pAy*. ; also of

a timepieoe)

point, provide with points (* a text); to


stripe, atreak (* a.th.); to rule (* B.th.);

raqqtya female danoer; H^pning

danseoae; baUerina

to

number

(* s.th.)

388

J
jjl arq higher, superior;

Jj

rogm

pl. fljjl
|

anpJm numeral;

more ad-

number, No.
numerals
al-qiya or

;.iLil

>UjVl (Atiu^iya) the

vanoed, more progressed


Li,*

of the

Arabe;

^Ll }j

r.

^Li

mirqh

pl. 3\j*

mardqin
lift

staira,

J> (yiy<W) record (alUet.),


staircase;

U-Lj

Lij

Jjff"

(aa;^aJa)

to set

a reoord

elevator,

(a**Jei.)

*Jj iarqiya raising; motion


(in

(pl. -t)

pro-

rank); elevation; promotion,

-jj

ragtm inscription tablet;

letter,

furtherance,

measage
}j mirqam
pl. il^*

encourage ment,

advance-

ment; extension, development, improvemarqim* drawing


brush

ment

pencil, crayon; (paintor's)

3j
*SJ Jargim pointing; numbering, numeration
riae,

taraqqin pl. taraqqiyt

asoension;

asoent; advance, advancement; progress,


progressive development
irtiq*

tj* marqm
blautet
ijrj II taraqwafa

pl. -jIj.

mar^tm* striped

LJjl

climbing, mounting;

as-

cension; asoent; progress, rise, progressive


(*yr.)

to tosa, fling o.s.

development

^^Jl
f

IjjI

irt.

al-'ari ac-

about

ceasion to the throne


Jjlj

rqin asoending, rising; high, high-

Jj ragiya a

(ra?y, ru?iy) to

ascend

(JI or

s.th. or to B.th.) ; to climb, mount, aoale (*


a.th.); to riae (in rank),

ranking; Buperior, high-grade, high-class,


of high Standard; educated, refined; ad-

advanoe, be pro-

vanced

Jl^Jl

JJI ijabaqa) the upper

moted; to dato baok, go back


gone era)
;

(JI to

a byclaaa

*j

jj to lead s.o. up;


s.th.;

to further,

promoto, encourage

raq

(*Jj
(*

3lj rqin
cerer
tjij

pl.

*\ij

ruqh magician, sor-

ruqya) to use magio or incantationa


s.o.,

on

j* againsts.th.) II to cause toascend;


(* b.o.);

murtaqin high, superior, advanoed

to promoto

to raise, further, pro-

(esp. intellectually)

mote, advanoe (*

s.th.)

V to

asoend, riae,
riae;

advanoe, progress VIII to asoend,

to
l

jj* murtaqan
i\j

ascent, rise

asoend (*

s.th.; also, e.g.,


a.th.,

the throne), climb (*


*jjti\

^j*^ al-'ar&a on s.th., also


carriage)
;

rakka

(rakk, H5j rikka, 5"lSj rakka)

to be weak, feeble; to be poor, meager,

al-'araba

into

the

to
ii

advance,

be

promoted
offlce);

(^
;

scanty;

(rakk): *i*

,^1)1

ilj

(/f

JI

'unuqihi) to saddle b.o. with the responsibility for s.th., thrust s.th.

manfib to an
(

to riae, increaae

upon

s.o.

JI

to

riae,

number of ) to advance, show an upward trend, develop


the
(JI to

55j rikka weakness, feeblenesa

upward; to date baok, go back


given time)

iLSj rakik
weak,

pl. ilKj rikk,

<S3j rakaka
pallid

feeble ;
style) ;

thin ;

colorless,

jj ruqiy
opment;
<>

riae,

progress,

upward

devel-

(e.g.,

scanty,

meager,

poor,

jjl promotion, encourage-

pitiful
illTj

ment, furtheranoe of s.th.


<Sj ruqya pl.

rukk weak, feeble


feeblenesa; low-

jj ruqan

spell,

ohann,

TKj rakka weakness,


liness;

magio; incantation
li>

inadequacy, poorness; colorleas-

raqqa* magician, sorcerer

neas, pallor (e.g., of style)

4>
3Tj rukka distaff
|

3A6

&J\ U*

tibb ar-r.

(eg.)

assemble, put together,


s.th.); to

fit

together (*
s.th.

populr treatment of illnesses by means


of oharms and inoantations, praotioed

make, prepare (*

out of

by

several oomponents or ingredients); to


oonstruot, build {*
e.g.,

women
l-Tj rakiba

a teohnical apparide or

ratus

IT to make have

( b.o.)

mount

a (vj*j ruktib) to ride (* an animal); to mount (* an animal); to go, travel (* in a carriage, in an automobile,
on a
(* in

\j*j *-lj 4Sj\ (ra'aah


let s.o.

wa-hawhu) to

his head, let s.o.

do as he

pleases

to be oomposed, be

made

up,

train,

on board a

ship, etc.), ride


bicyole); to get,

oonsist (,> of ) VI to be superimposed one

vehiole,

on a
a

olimb (* into a oarriage, on a bioyole,


eto.),

upon another Till to oommit, perpetrate (* a sin, a crime); to pursue, practice


(* s.th-Vj ILLt
s.th.,

board

(*

train,

an

airplane,

wi^jl

(lajafan) to overdo

ship, etc.); to pursue (* s.o.),


s.o.
(i-j

be after
in),

go too far

with

s.th.);

to engage (*

embark
(m

(* on); to

oommit, perpetrate
(* s.th.)
|

<_^j rakb riders, horsemen, oavalcade;

sin,

a crime); to master
(bahr) to travel

caravan; traveling party; retinue, esoort;


procession, troop (of people)

j^Jli

^j
to

by

sea; <_-5j

iU-l (hayh) to master


(Jcatar)

life;

Jj:\

<-Sj

ifj rukba
i-TjII j\

pl.

L-ij rukab, -t knee

embark on a risky undertaking;

ab r-rukab dengue, breakbone

Uharbiya) stA' 4Ik*' V*J Fuyulah to get on one's high horse; f,J\ <-Ji ^Sj

fever (med.)
ujITj

{danaba

r-rih)

to speed along like the


{ra'aah)

rikb

pl.

fcjij

rufatb

stirrup;

wind;

*-lj

^Jfj

to

aot

at

(pl. -t, t^-fj

ruhubt

^ifj rdkW)

riding

one's disoxetion; to aot rashly, follow

whim; SjLJI *-^j ifiayyra) to oar, travel in an automobile; JiLJi <--5j (Safaf) to oommit exceases, go too far; SjUJl fcjij ijayyra) to fiy, go by plane; ,_V -II Ji> ^S"j {matna Wunf) to commit
acta of violenoe;

a go by

oamel, riding animal,


LuijL;

mount

<j&j J*-

haa rikabah bi-ar^in he has

arrived
loyal

on our

soil;

oSj j j* he

is

his

follower,

he dogs

Mb

footeteps;

oKj j jU

do.; to oling to s.o.'s heels, be

blindly subservient to s.o.

JUM *-0*

* (www*

Vj^J wktib

rnount, riding animal


pl. ^-JlTj rak'ib*

kdba

l-bafal) to

oommit a
course,

folly;

make a foolish miatake, to embark on a reoklesa


things;
<_-5"j

Vj

rakba

mount,

do

irreaponsible

female riding oamel

jU>-Vl

Uu

{matiyata Uitfq) to baok the

u^jTj ruktib

(horsebaok,

camelback,
vehicle,

wrong
Jl^Vl
l^AI
lj

horse,

be on the loaing

aide, fail;

eto.) riding; traveling (in

by

v*j (akwM) * dfy tne horrore; Jfj (hawff) to fiy, travel by air;
(hawhu)
to
s.o.)

sea,

by

air, eto.)
eto.),
|

mounting

(of a bicyole,

of a horse,

boarding (of a train, of

<_-5*j

follow

one's

ship, eto.)

_^JI

j/j

r.

al-bahr naviavia-

whim
place,
fit,

make ( fasten, mount


II to

ride; to put,

gation; I^AI v^"-* r * o*-*


tion
u-tSj

**' flyinSt

(Je * s.th. on); to

mount,

insert, set

(j *

s.th. in, e.g-,


;

a preeious stone in a ring)


(>

to build in

rakkb one

who

rides frequently,
rider,

a machine

part); to assemble (* e.g.,

(professional)

horseman or

jookey
jf*

the parts of an apparatus); to set


(*

up

iLSj nJcbn
\Sj\
**

retinue, esoort

jU

a machine); to

install (* s.th.; techn.),

(rfiJferoA)

approx.: his fame

lay (* an eleotrio line, and the like); to

has spread far and wide

357

/->
consiating (j- of);

<-j markab
boat, veaael
|

pl. ^_-5*l>.

markib* ship,

Compound, compoeite;

jjc .^T,*

(frufcri)

Bteam-

complex; bound, not free;


composition;

(pl. -t)

hip, steamer; J_^-

vO* (Aar&i)

warship,

Compound

(ehem.);

man-of-war; ^jji
boat;

vO*
(Sir'i)

(^wri) patrol
sailing veaael,

oomposite; a complex (psychol.); medication,

^j-Z

<-j*

medioament
intereet;

<C*

f.->

(*&)
(J*

sailboat;

-L*JI

t_-5*j-

m. ap-paid fiahing
-^r*

Compound
y'i)

smack, trawler;

JiJl

m. an-naql

JL*/* ohemical Compound;


inferiority

vO*
,^+ju

m **

*-^~j*

freighter, transport

m. nag?
-tS(

complex

*Sj markaba
cab

pl.

vehicle; carriage,

<&r* murtakib perpetrator (of a crime)

45j raJcada u

(ijS'j

rukd) to be motionless,

^\j

markibi

pl.

markibiya boat-

still,

Btagnant

man; ferryman
ijfj rukd suapenaion, Btandstl, Stagt_-0"
torjfcift

pl. -,

a l-.-Tl_r" tarife*&

fitting

nation; aluggishness; stillneas, tranquillity


-lT lj

in, insertion, Betting;

building in; faatenfi-

ing,

mounting; assembling, assembly;


(e.g.,

nal asaembly; installation

of a tele-

rkid stagnant ; Bluggish


(rakz) to plant or

phone extenaion); composition; making,


preparation (out of several components
or
ingredients) ;
;

jTj ralcaza u

ram

in

the
to

ground, aet up
fix,

(* a.tb., e.g., a pole);

construction,

building
build,

embed

firmly {* s.th.) II to plant or

(techn.

etructure ;

Constitution,

phyique;

ram
fix,

in the ground, set up, (* a.th., e.g.,

(pl.

^~S~\J tarkxb 9) phrase,

pole); to position,

emplace

(* s.th.); to

idiom; construction (gram.)

embed firmly

(* s.th.); to cauBe to

fffj
tional

iarkibi

constructive,

conatruc-

take root, naturalize {* s.th.); to concentiate


on)
(* s.th., also one's

thoughts,

j
I

i_jtljl irlikb

perpetration (of a ein or

V to concentrate; jO" tarakkaz ready


command;
athlet.)
(

(atarter's

VIII to be im-

crime)

planted ; to settle permanently, stay


_J*1j

j at

rkib riding,

on horseback, mount(pl.

ed; riding, traveling (in a vehicle);


<_jSj rukkab,

a place); to lean, Support one's weight (J* or Jl on); to be faatened, be mounted J* (


trate (j on)

uL5j rukbn)
rukkb)

rider, horse-

man;
cupant
r.

(pl. <-j|T;

pasaenger,
|

oc-

on); to bebased, rest (J* on); to concen; to gravitate (j to)


jS'j rikz sound, tone
j5"j

(of

a conveyance)

**-!_)>

t-^Li

darrja cyclist

^jfj*
riding

mar hb

pl. l^-TI^,*
(eg.,

Tnarkib 2
ayr.)

rakza pause, rest, break


rikz pl. jfjl arkiza, ljfj rikzn

animal,
|

mount;

red( effO

jKj

leather shoes

v^O*

ji^

a &**
zool.)

precious

minerals,

buried

treasures

of

shoebill (Balaenicepa rex;

the earth

oLT^
atituents,

murakkibi components, conelementa,


ingredients
(esp.

jfj rakiza

pl.

jTKj rak'tz 2 treasure;


pillar,

support, brace, shore, stanchion;


pier; post, pile; ahoring

ehem.)
i-S'j

murakkab

mounted, faatened,

j5^*

markaz

pl.

jSl^ markiz*

foots.o.

fixed (J* on); fitted, inserted, aet (j in);


built-in; assembled;

hold; stand, Station; place where


is

made up, oomposed,

poated or stationed; poat; {police, eto.)

; ; ;

/;
Station;
locality
office,

358

branch

office

(com.);
l

rTj Till to
ate ; to

sufFer

a setback, be thrown

where

s.th.

takes place, soene,

back; to decline, degenerate, be degener-

site, Beat;

position {mil.); headquarters


central ex(of

become stunted, atrophy u


(ralaf)

raain office, central offioe;

change (telephone); center

circle

j^j

rakatja

to race, rush, run; to


(intrans., said

and
Eg.)

fig.);

focus; markaz,

an administraa mudiriya,
office,

run away; to gallop


horse,

of a

tive district (subdivision of


;

and

trans.

* a horse) III to race


(

position,

Situation,
official,

post;
Status,

( s.o.),

run a race

with) VI to com-

(social,

financial,

pete in a race; to run fast

etc.)

standing; power, position (of a country);


Situation

(j^Bj rakkt} runner, racer


tjijS'j ralcd fast-running, swift

^L-l
|

j5^ (asM)

starting

point, basis; ,j~J>J'

jC-

Police Station;
vital

<ij^jbl/
tral

j5"'j*

(hayawiya)
al-idra

Centers

5"j

j m.
office,

main
1

office,
-Ol

cen-

bow

raka'a a (fj?j ruJb*) to bend the body, (esp. in prayer); to kneel down,
II

headquarters;

jf^.

m.

drop to one's knees


( s.o.)

and IV to make

ad-da
*lj*l/l

the seat of the disease;

jC-*

kneel

down

m.

al-itf'a

broadcaBting Station;
mTj rak'a pl. raka't a bending of the

~~uj iS fij*

main

office,

headquarters; j*
central

<- \jj\

m. ar-riysa
lJ

command
(Eg.);

torso

from an upright position, followed by


(in

two prostrations
tS"\j

Muslim prayer
rukka

ritual)

post ;

iU-

*- L j jS^. m. riysat ai-jaiS


rki*
pl.

Supreme Command of the Anny


JjUI
iil*j

Sj

bowing to

jS3

m. ri'yat
;

af-fi

health

the ground
J$j rakala

center for children (Eg.)

5jJjJi-l <-JI j5"j*

m.

as-sikka

(U-hadidiya
fij

railroad

junc-

(rakl)

to kick

( s.o.,

* s.th.)

tion; il^JJl tion


;

m. aS-hirfa police Sta(niybi)

*j rakla
f_>

(n. vic.)

kick
pile

jLJ

j5^*

parliamentary

Beat,

mandate;

-^>^

jO*

power

rakama u (rahn) to
accumulate, amass

up, heap up,

Station
(^j5^*

(* s.th.)

VI to accu-

mulate, be heaped up; to pile up, gather

markazi central;

district (used

(clouds) VIII
$"j

VI
heap
heap; lump; cumulus

attributively); tSjO*^

centrifugal; de-

centralized (administration)

rakam

pile,

j5^ markaziya centralism


ity, central position

central-

>>Sj

rukm

pile,

or Situation;

h^j^

clouds

decentralization
'jSj
tarlctz

O fj
up;
installation

markam

pl.

f\j*

markim*

storage battery

setting

implantation, establishment, naturalization;

f\j tarkum accumulation


jTj Takana u
(jS'j

concentration

>Sjj'

JWr

jahx

rukn) and rakina a

at-t. stabilizer (techn.)

to lean, support one's weight (Jl on); to

jfl j tarkuz concentricity

quiet
trust
central-

down, become or be calm; to


(Jl
in),

jKjjl

irtikz

support

rely (Jl

on);
(Jl

to
j

be deJl {~j

pendent, have to rely

on)

,+ murakkaz concentrated,
ized;
j5""l

jXi\ to

remain calm IV to trust

(Jl s.o.),
in)
reli-

Condensed

rely

Jl on),

place one's confidence ( Jl


|

j* mvtarkix conoentric

to resort (Jl to)

Jl

jO

(yurkanu)

>->

able,

dependable, trustworthy VIII to

ii-.j

ramat

pl.

iLjl arm/

log raft

lean, rechne, support one's weight (Jl or

> on)
^S"j

*, ramo/w a (ramA) to
a lance;

pierce, tranafix (with

s.o.);

to gallop (horse) rimh,

rukn
corner ;
first

pl.

LTjI
;

arkn support,
basis,

prop

nook

basic

ele-

fj rumh

pl. T-L.J

^Ljl armA
|

ment,

principle

pl.

Lijl

lance, pike; spear, javelin; pole


staff

j\

jj

(mit.); basic elements, chief elements


*~>ji-\ lfjl a.

ramy
|

ar-r. javelin

throwing

(athlet.)

al-harb general staff (m.);

j-L*j

rammh
ii^JI

pl.

lancer; uhlan

JJf

.\

jS*jl a. al-jaii do.; jSaA-I

u&jl ^-Jj

*lj]l

<w-mi ar-rmiA Arc-

chief of general staff; Olfj^l


build, stuxdy

J-jof trong
X.J

turus (tMfron.)

jTj

rufcni:

i-^J ^j~* (#"*) corner

ramida a (ramad) to have sore eyes; to be


inflamed (eye)
II

to burn to aahes, in-

kick (soccer)
cinerate (* s.th.)

to burn to ashes, be-

,>r, ratin firm, steady, confident, imperturbable; grave, calm, sedate

come ashes
xj

ramad Ophthalmia, inflammation of


|

jjTj rukn

reliance, confidence, truet

the eyes; eye diaeaae

iS

~*- *j (hvbaiU)

j5*_^ mirlcan pl. jj$*ij* marfctn* washtub

trachoma, granulr Conjunctivitis; jil


XijJI

musta&f

r-r.

eye

clinic

L5"l_^

muriana

(tun.)

betrothal, entfX>j

gagement
jSjl irin reliance, confidence, trust

ramadi and j-Uj

<~

ri^ ophthal-

mologist, oculist
X>j
JjS*j

ramid sore-eyed

rakwa

pl.

rakatot

(syr.)

small

coffee
Xj\

armad3 sore-eyed
ramad,
pl. S-Ujl

pot of copper, having a long handle


iL*j *j

armida ashee
jLJI ^j

mmma
i*j

(ramm,
(*

<>ja

maramma)

to

repair, overhaul

s.th.);

aUJ\
ar-r.

1*>jI

arbi'* ar-r. or
'Ja*

yaum

(ramm,

or jL^JI -L*

ar-r.

Ash Wednesday
to

rimma) to decay; to rot II to decay; to rot V to be ropaired, undergo repair


lj

(Chr.);

aLJ\

j *

(lit.:

blow into

cold aahea,

i.e.)

to engage in futile under-

ramm
ramm:

repair
L-'ill

takings, set out on a wild-goose ohase


r.

#,

pj

aZ-(wnn c&ries

jjLj ramdi aahen,


gray

ash-colored, ash-

(med.)
i*j
*l.j-

rtmma cadaver
M-rummofiAi whole, complete, en-

X-*J larmld cremation, incineration


j*j ramaza

(ramz) to

make

a sign, to
(Jl to), in-

tire

l^j
1

<Ljj-* all Syria

wink, nod, motion; to point

*.j

ramim decayed,

rotten; fl-j ro

dicate (Jl s.th.); to symboze, repreeent or

m'im decaying bonea


jL.j

exprese

symbolically
Jl

Jl

s.th.)

to
dis-

designate

rumm

decayed, rotten
pl. -( repair;

J or tinguishing mark)
(^->

s.th.

with a

Iaja

maramma

shipyard

>j ramz
gory;

pl.

jjj rumz sign, nod, wink,


alle-

(Tun.)
v-J"

motion; hint; allusion, intimation;

tarmtm

pl. -i repair,

overhauling,

riddle;

eymbol, symbolio

figuro,

restoration

emblem, character;

secret sign, code sign

j*->

360

tfj-j

ramzl symbolic(al); in code, in

bare ezistenoe; to allay

s.o.'s

hunger;

cipher oljj-j ramziyt oipher, code


J^-Ij

J*J j*-*

J*

'oi kiri

ramaqxn at the

point of death; on the verge of exhaustion,

on one's

last legs

rmx

pl.

j^'jj

nnmtV

speoi-

men, sample;
%J

faosimile

3y>j*

marmq

regarded,

looked

at;

noted, of note; remarkable, notable, sig(

mj

ramasa
cover,
Uli

u (rams) to bury
effaoe,

s.o.);

nificant,

important; lofty, proud

to

wipe out
I

(*

tracks)
liLjl

VIII

jj^cj

to

be immersed in

arma&, f. K*j ramfcr* ashen, ash-gray


S*j ramaka
pl. -l,

water
mAj %J

fJLj rimk, iJLjl

rame

pl.

^j-j

rumfi*.

^Ujl arms

annale mare J-j II to sprinkle with sand (a s.th., so as to blot it) IV to beoome a widower or a

grare,

tomb
f^ms grare, tomb
t

lK>*'j

widow V

= IV
|

^j ramakt
,^1-j

w to take with the


wink, blink

fingertips (a

s.th.); to

J-j raml pl. JLj riml sand *m ar-r. or J-^il u^i ifarb

J-^l

1*

ar-r.

geo-

ramaS inflammation of the eyeds,

mancy

(divination

by means of

figures or

Conjunctivitis
4-L-j

lines in the sand)

rama

blink,
pl.

wink
rumfiJF

J*j ramli sandy, sabulous; sand- (in


eyelashes

J*j rimi
,jm*j

^^.j

Compounds)
glass

<Lj *pL

eandgl&ss, hour-

rama$ white secretion

(of the eye)

J-j ramal
JL.J

name of a

poetical meter

i/*j VIII to
j-i-j

be consumed by grief and sorrow

rammdl geomancer

ramo^ parchedness, acorchednees


ground due to ezcessire heat)
sun-baked

J-jl

armaP
armea

pl.

JJjl arm* widower JJjl

(eep. of the

5Ljl

pl.

armiP,

ILljl

U*j

roffl^S' 1

ground

armiia widow
<L>jm

jUL

Li.^1

^ jUw*l

approx.: to
fire

jump

mirmala sandboz
tarammul widow(er)hood

out of the frying pan into the

Uaoj ramatfn 1 Ramadan, the ninth month of the Muslim calendar


t>j ramaqa u (romg) to regard
s.th.),
(a,

J-_/
I

jUj rumtnn (coli.; n. im. ) pomegranate; Lj knob, pommel; (pl. -t), i^- <Lj
(yoiaunya) hand grenade

s.o.,

glance, look

(*,

at) II to stare,

gaze

(*, * at);

to perform (* work) pernegligently, botoh


(

j-jl and
l

,j.jl

look

up

alphabetically

functorily
job); to

and

(*

a
to

keep

s.o.)

barely alive

ut

ranuS
oast (>,

(ramy,
;

iLj rimya)
down
(*,

to throw,

wait (* for an opportunity, and the

like)

^ s.th.)

to fling, hurl (*,

^ s.th.)
<~>

to tosa away, throw

s.th.);

J*j ramaq

pl. JL>ji
life

armq
|

(last)

spark

to throw aside, toss asido, discard, lay


aside (*,
hit,
(k~>

of

life,

breath of

**j

i- aadda ra*

s.th.);
(l->

to shoot,
s.o.

fire;

to pelt,

maqah
soul

to keep s.o. or o.s. barely alive,

bombard

with), shoot, fire

eke out a living, manage to keep body and


together;

at

s.o.

with); to oharge (_
(t-

s.o.

to provide

s.o.

with a

with), aecuse

s.o.

of),

blame, re-

361

d->

proach (w

s.o.

for); to

aim, drive, be

AJ

tarmin vastnees, expanae

i/Lr

aimed
intend

(Jl

at),

have

in view, purpoee,

JI^V' vast expanae, vastnees

(Jl

s.th.),

be

out

for

(Jl); or

Aj rmin
thrower,
[Syr. t m.)
t/l^t
i_i.l B
l

pl.

SLj

with

<j;
|

to

sow
jti*>

disaension

among

hurler ;
|

rumh throwing; marksman rifleman


;

between

^j

Lj fjalaq) he fired a

i/[^l

Sagittarius (astron.);

shot at him;

>--iIU <Jj (?*&) to practice

-^ sahm
t/lj

ar-r.

Sagitta

[aatron.);

divination VI to pelt one another; to

flame thrower
|

throw
fall

o.s.

to the ground, proetrate


o.a.,

o.a.,

to the ground; to throw

fling

Aju mvtarmin wide, extensive

i/lj

o.s.

to plunge, rush, throw o.e. (J* on); (j into B.th.); to be vast, extend far into the distanoe; to come, get (Infor-

J1_^VI vast, huge


'-Jj 1^

U P alphabetically
(joj ronin) to ory, wail, lament;

mation, report, news;

Jl

to

s.o.)

^j\j

j ranna

V- *
4

throw J* (qadamaihi) to
feet;
o.b.

o.s.

at to

to resound; to echo; to ring


Jj

s.o.'s

^Iji

Cr*

d^S

(gir'aihi)
*j

throw

into s.o.'s arms;

\j\j

UWU

ranna

pl.

-dt

soream; aound; re-

l.u* ('ahduh) a feeling that he had known

verberation, echo
jslj ranln lament, wailing; aound; re-

long, long ago, a feeling

which lay far


reo.s.

behind him; jl LJI *j\j we have ceived word that ... Till to throw

verberation, echo; resonance; ring

Lj

rannn and

o\Jj*

mirnn ring-

bed, on or to the (J on, e.g., on the ground); to fling o.a., fall (Jp upon s.o.), throw o.a., plunge (j into s.th.); to

ing, reaounding; reaonant; reverberating,

echoing

have

down and lie proetrate >jVI Jl JJ sprawl (> on)


fallen
|

to

lie,

O
^ij\

*^j rannna tuning fork {min.)


iJj'

to

fall

to the ground, tumble

and

1^ U P alphabetioally
dizzy,

lO ramy
javelin

(act or procesa of) throwing,


|

fjllto make

make
sway

stagger,
(* s.th.)

send
|

Hinging, shooting, etc.

j^J

*"

al-harba
al-^urf

reeling ( b.o.); to
*iLLci (o'fd/aAfl)

throwing,

,j->Jl

t/j

*"

discuB throwing [athlet);

^L^L Lj Aie\
execution before

i'dm ramyan a
firing
i-.j

bi-r-rapfi

j workup s.o.'s feelings, send s.o. into a frenzy T to stagger, reel, llutl C-* y totter, sway; to ahake, rock
to
|

squad
(n. vio.)

(a'(/uA)

to get into one'a stride, be-

come
ramya
plj j*t
|

ecstatio,
o.s.

be carried away; to bo

throw, toss, fling;

beside
4*j*
-

ahot

4>

VJ VJ

rubba ramyatin
is

min
a

gairi

rmin many a ahot

without
of

marnaha prow

(of

a ship)

(akilled)

markaman

(proverbially,

randaha to scan (verse)


II

unexpected or undeaerved succeas)


4.j

ramlya

pl.

bUj

ramy

game
killed)

jy

to cloud,

muddy

(* water);

to blur,

dim

(* the eyes; said

of sleep); to halt,

animal (being shot at or already


ijjA

stop, top over, atay; to look, glance (j-

marman

pl.

Aj*

marmin aim,
rnge (of a

toward or at

B.th.)

Jl

Jti\

Jy

(nazara)

end, purpose; goal

[athlet.);
|

to keep looking at, atare at

gun); reach, extent


keeper; JiJl

j-J\

^jl*- goal-

jy

m. an-nazar rnge of

ranq turbid, clouded (water)

vision, field of vision

jJjj raunaq glamor, aplendor, beauty

362

jO

II
(t_j

and V to
a song);
{t_j

sing

(^ a song); to intone

*j

rahj, rahaj dust

to recite in a singsong voice,


Jj rahafa

chant

s.th.)
pl.

a to gobble, gulp greedily


roAf,

*~jj tarnima

-jl/

tornim 8

hymn,
reosing-

Jaj

raAa/

pl.

.LUjI orA/,

Ljl

anthem; ong; a kind of chanting


itation;
little

arAuf, Jljl arhif 1 , .L-aIjI ardAt/ 1


(of people), band, troop
Jaj

group

story reoited in a

song voice;

little

song
(Jl at s.th.)

raAf

pl.

J.Uj

rtAdf

leather

loin-

(>j)

Lj'j

ran u to gaze, look


to please, delight

cloth
ijj
( s.o.)

Jj

II

and IV
rahiba

rahufa u (*iUj rahfa)

to

be thin;

to be sharp (sword);
*--j

roa/o a (raA/)

(rahab,

ruhb,

<j>j

rahba)

and IV to make thin


sharp, harpen (*

{* s.th.); to
|

make
i_i*jl

to be frightened, be afraid; to fear, dread


(*

s.th., esp. fig.)

s.o.)

aJL-

^j

see

*_JU-

II

to

iVl

(wtfn) to prick

up one's

ears (iUI
s.o.),

frighten, acare, alarm, intimidate

( s.o.)

so as to catch the words of


(Jl)

i_i*jl

IV
(

II;

to terrorize

( s.o.)

V to

threaten

J *JI

(aam') to listen oloeely to

s.o.);

to beoome a monk, enter mo(Chr.)

ijj rahif thin iji-j rahif thin; slender, slim; harp-

nastic
<j>j

lifo

rahba fear, fright, alarm, terror;

ened, sharp

awe

^j rahb, ruhb

JiUjI irhf sharpening


fear
<-**j*

murhaf
l

thin,

fine;

sharpened,
delicate,

~>**j rahbt great fear, fright, terror


t_- s *j

sharp
|

rX\

C**j* m. al-hiss

rahib

dreadful,

awful,

fearful,

sensitive

terrible;

solemn, grave

J*j rahiqa a (rahaq) to come over


>_>y tarhib intimidation
s.th. (*,
.),

s.o.

or

overtake

(*, . s.o., s.th.) III

to

V^*j' irhb intimidation, frightening


threatening; terror, terrorism (pol.); Sab-

otage

approach (* an age); to approach the age of sexual maturity; to be adolescent IV to bring down (* upon s.o. s.th.),

make

( s.o.)

undergo or

suffer (* s.th.):
(

J Ujl

irhbi

terrorist(ic)
;

Sabotage

to oppress, brden, overburden


-*

s.o.,

(used attributively)

(pl.

-n) terrorist

with

s.th.),
|

lie

heavily,

bear

down
tug at

~*j tarahhub monasticism, monastio


lifo

on

s.o.)

Li- *ijl (jagban) to

(Chr.)
pl.

s.o.

violently or too violently

V*'j rhib
*-*lj

Lj ruhbn

monk

(Chr.)

Ulj- murhaga puberty

rhiba pl. -t

nun

(Chr.)

JUjI irhq pressure, oppreasion; suppression;

heavy load

(e.g.,

of work)

<-*>*/*

marhvb

terrible, dreadful

i>i^* murhiq adolescent

j*j II tarahbana to

beoome a monk, enter


J*j-

mwhig

monastic
^ij^j

oppressive (brden, heat)

Iife

(Chr.)

rahbana and

v^J fahbnlya
Order,

mo-

^j

rahila a to be flabby, soft; to be bloated, fat (flesh, body)

nasticism ;
tion (Chr.)

monastio

congrega-

do.

J*j rahil flaccid, flabby, soft

; ;

363

<-J
pending od
<-*j uE" (roAtnaA) to be
s.o.;

J*j.

tarahhul obesity, fatness


flaccid, flabby, soft;

J*jw mutarahh
bloated, fat

under Obligation to

to be dependent

on
/Uj

s.o.

ii>j

rahlna

pl.

^/Uj rahain*

pawn,

*>j rikma

pl.

>j riAam,

riAm

drizzle,

pledge, aecurity; hoatage; mortgage, hy-

lasting fine rain


jkj-

pothec
pl.

marham

>lj-

mardAim 1

salve,

Uj
oonteat
Iim\j*

rihn bet,

wager;

competition,

ointment; oream, cold cream; pomade


j*j raAawt a (raAn) to pawn, depoait as security (* s.th.,

murhana

pl. -t

bet,

wager

x* or

with

b.o.);

to

mortgage

{* real estate) III to bet, lay

j,*lj

rhin pledger, mortgagor; fixed,

wager

with
in

s.o.,

depoait

pledge, give

Jp on, that ...) IV to aa a aecurity,

established, certain; lasting, permanent;

current; present, actual

<uljJl

<JjjWI

pawn
s.o.);

(* s.th.)

VIII to receive or take


s.th.

present circumstanoes;

i>l^l

JU-I

the

in pledge, aa

a aecurity (^* *

from

present oondition; the status quo


Oj>j-

to pawn, depoait in pledge (* a.th.);


(* s.th.) subject

marAn pawned, pledged, mort(<~i

to

make

(^

to),

make
uri>tj'

gaged, given as security; subject


L^LjjL; *Jj*j* jj*1/l

to)

(* B.th.) conditional

(^ on);
|

pasa.:

(bi-auqtih) there is

tuhina to be subject (^ to)

*-*

a time
jfj

for

everything

(nafsah) to pledge o.a. or dedicate o.a.


to the cause of
(*

murtahin

mortgagee,

pledgee

to

demand

as a aecurity

pawnbroker
1

from

s.o. a.th.)

jj rahn pawning, mortgaging, pledging;

(j*j)

I-*j

u (rahw) to amble

(pl.

>j ruhn, O_>j ruhnt,


for

jhj rahw quiet, calm, peaceful, trnquil; atillness, calm, peace, tranquillity
(pl.

Uj

rihn)

pawn, pledge; aecurity (y

a.th.);

hoatage; mortgage, hypothec; j^j

*Uj

rih*)

crane

{zool.)

u dependingon, conditional on, subject to

jyj
frey

raAtwItt

ambler

(horse)

pal-

rahna (prep.) pending; depending on,


|

conditional on; subject to, liable to


C^iJjMj

J* maha
r.

rahna i&ratihi
*j/Lt-

pawnshop; <ljUl j*j at s.o. 's beck and call;


r.

>.UJI ar-ruh' the city of Urfa (Gr. Edessa)

j^j

saifaratihi
iJ'i

under

s.o. 's

power
de-

j>j rahwana and


(horae)

II

tarahwana to amble

or

dominion;

j-*j

l-L*

this

pends on that; **^*1 jj Judl al-mas*


'ala
r.

i^*jaee^*j
1
(t

htimmihi the problem

is

being
rjj J ) t^lj r6a
II

given every attention by him;


J-Ji j*j di'a s-sijna

j^iJI ijl

(raub) to curdle (milk)

rahna

t-tahqiq

he
in-

and IV to
t-^jj

(cause to) curdle (* milk)

was

taken

into

cuBtody

pending

raub curdled milk, curds


r'ib curdled (milk)

vestigation
i_i*j

i^Jij

rahniya mortgage (deed)

'VJJ
,>j rahin

(^r.

"**)

**

P'-

v'jj' aruw dressing

pawned, mortgaged, pledged,


responsible
(prep.)

gown
LSLjLjjj
(It.

given as security; held in pledge; aecurity

subject

(v (v

for);

(v

fc> r );

ro6o vweAta)

r&oWHy:

aJIj

to);

subject to, de-

LS^-jIjjjJI

junk dealer

j ;

v*->
t+tjj raubafia sleepwalking, somnambulism
^jMijJ taraubuf aleepwalkiiig, somnam-

304

haart, the spirits);


{ s.o.) rest,

rayyaha to give
relax,

make

{* s.o.)

make

bulism
Jijj rubel ruble

s.o.)

oomfortable, provide reat and rec{*

reation
one's

for s.o.); to reat (* e.g.,


j

*-*-*

eyes)

reation, relax,

* j ^jj to amuse o.a. in

find

reo-

to go in

jjj rblya
i-J^JJ
(tl'jj)

pl. -at

rupee

the evening
(

to s.o.); to alternate, vary

rfiWmyd Buthenia
i
lj

jo between two things) IV ~jj\ arwaha

to stink, smell bad;


rja

^Ijl arha to give


to deliver,re-

(rauj) to

drop dng
)

( s.o.) rest, let (* s.th.) rest;

ijj

rottf (coli.; n.

un.

pl. >\jj\

ar*

lease

(,>.

s.o.

fromj; to put

s.o.)

at

wf dng, droppings (of hone, oamel,

ease, soothe (* the heart, or the like);

and the
l

like)

to relieve, free

( s.o., ,>. of),

ease (,>

for s.o. s.th.); to

do

( s.o.)

a good turn,

(rJj)

'->

^J u
seil

(r'jJ w?) to be spread,

gladden

(<-*

s.o.
I

with),

make (

s.o.)

oirculate,

be ourrent;
well, be

to find
in

a good

kappy (v y)
fan
fan)
(

.> *-** r^J {nafsah) to

market,

ohandiae) ; to be or

become

demand (merbriak, piok up

find reoreation from, relax


o.s.

from V to
vary

(i*-jjil

bi-l-mirwaha with the


alternate,

(market); to be at band, be avsilable


(J for s.o.) II to spread (* rumors, news,
eto.),

VI to fiuctuate,
;

ju between

eep. with
lie

two

figures fol-

circulate,

put into oiroulation (*


rumors, news, etc.); to

lowing); to intervene,

(Ju between two


rest
(,>.

s.th.; ourrenoy,

events)

VIII to
relax,

find

from);
to

posh the
(* for

sale (* of s.th.),

open a market
bring on the

to rest,
satisfied,

find
(

recreation;
Jl

be

an artide); to
(*

seil,

be pleased
s.th.);

with

s.th.),

agree,
s.th.),
|

market
(*,

an

artiole) ;

to promote, further
(J for),

consent ( Jl to

to like (J or Jl

s.th.);

to

make Propaganda

be happy, be glad (J or Jl about

s.th.)

propagate (J

s.th.)

jj*J
like

^UjI to be happy to be of service,

r}jj rawj oiroulation; marketability,


salability; salee

doing favors
air,

rjJ*- istarwaha to
'

inhale

breathe; to smell, sniff (*

s.th.)

to be refreshed (Jl ^jjl

by or with

s.th.);

arwaj* more

widespread,

more

^Ijf-i istarha to

be calm; to beoome
rest,

common;
jj-

better selling

oalm; to find rest; to take a


propagation,

have

tarwij

spreading,

a break; to be refreshed
s.th.);

(Jl

by or with

oiroulation; aale, distribution (of an artiole

to rest, relax (,> from); to be

of commerce); promotion, furtheranoe


4\j rttij oirculating, ourrent; universal,

delivered,

lieved

(j*

be saved (,> from), be reof); to oalm down, relax;


to be happy, be glad
(

to rely

(Jl on);

Jl

widespread,

common;

salable,

mar-

about), be pleased (Jl with)

ketable, in demand, selling well (merohandise); briak (business,

market)

^ lj rh wine

jrjj

(Fr.) ri

rouge

j
riyh,

rih

f.

(occasionally
-Lijl
I

m.)

pl. Ai_

r}jj\ arwh,

aryh wind;
r.

(^jj and j) ^lj rha u (^Ijj ratoh) to go away, leave, go; (with foll. imperf.) to
begin, set out to
(air);

faxt; smell,

odor

r\j ^i

ab

weather
rffall

vane; soareorow; *4j c^Si* aakanat

do

rawxvaha to fan

AuAu to
into

expire,

beoome

obsolete,

to refresh, animate, revive (* the

oblivion;

*^j ** habbat rihuh

366

CiJ

he

waa

in

olover,

be was

in

luok's

Au rayyh pl. -l
oanal,

{eg.)

large Irrigation
irri-

way; j\
vonish

* <_-*J to

go with the wind,

main canal

(in

the Egyptian

gation System)

rayyify

windy
f.,

rjj
pl.

arwdh*

more

calming,

more

soothing
-rjj

ruh m. and

Ajj\ arwh breath

of

life,
|

soul; Bpirit (in all aenses);

gun

t/zj'

aryahi generous, liberal, open-

barrel

^Xill rjj

r.

al-quds {gudua), also

handed
5-^jf

^oSJi jj\ the


(rha)
*y^ll

Holy Ghost;
insipid,

jj

aryahiya generoeity,

liberality,

Bpiritleas,

inane ;

<Jui-

munificenoe

Hkable, amiable,

oharming; J-iJ

U^j raihn

(coli.)

sweet bas (Oci(pl.


|

-j^ll dull, boring, unpleaant (person);

mum
ar-r.

basilicum; bot.);

0^-^J ray*
a highly

r-o"
aigns)

Ji^

long-suffering, patient;
{* r

r'jJ^ J*

L*^an ) dangerl (on warning

hin') aromatio plante

o\*J\ Ji qalam
calgraphy
immaterial;

or

JU^I
style

JLiJl

(ratAni)

decorative
Jl*-jj

of rabio
spiritual,

(jrjj rAf apirituous; apiritual; pl. -<K


spiritual

rhni

things

vvj

^^*~

State

(or

diVlne, sacred, holy; (pl. -fin) olergyman,

frame) of mind; <*-jj cAijjl* alcoholio


beverages, spirits

minister {Chr.)
Jl*-jj

rAdntya

spirituality;

trana-

CJJ
"**-jj

rauh refreshment

figuration
*-\j+

ravha

pl. -SA

journey or errand in

marh place visited in the evening;

the evening
'**-

rest,

murh, also marh pasture; daytime

lj

rha

repose ;

recreation

paature
**-jj*

ease, leisure; vacation; oomfort; (pl. -t,


r}->

mirwaha

pl. rj\j*
]

marunh* fan;
,j*jX\
-j^ll

W P8^ f the
5*- 1^1 <i~u

hand, band

Ventilator;
|

*-\J\j

propeller

leisurely, gently, alowly,


i*-lj

at one's ease;
easily, closet,

JSo unhurriedly, leisurely;

(i^) palm-Ieaf fan; ^^J-'l *-jj* m. aljpaif punkah, a oanvae-oovered frame


suspended from the
a room
eeiling for fanning

with ease;
toet;

bau ar-r. water


<*-\J\

i*-\J\

vV*' luxury;
pause,
r.

ol.u*
*ji

mu'iddi
fatrat

ar-r.

oonvenienoes;
rest,

**-\J\

r}jj* mirufh fan; Ventilator {mar.)


flatulence (food)
Ventilation, air-

ar-r.
i*-lj
JlJI

break, recess;

fjU-l
light;

al-httlqm
r.

Turkish

Ajj* miryh causing

de-

i*-lj

al-yad
r.

palm of the
sole

jj
(also

ianmh fanning;
j* jj>\)

hand

^ JiJI

i*- lj

al-qadam

of

ing; refreshment; diversion,

amusement

the foot
i*ij rta smell,

^1

odor

*4jJ
stroll

tarwihai ,jJ

*4jJ

t.

nafe walk,

*--jj

rAiya spirituality; mentality,


^jlj^l tJL
patt

mental attitude, frame of mind


r\jj rawh departure; going, leaving;
return, return trip (as opposed to *l*);
rest, repose
(lit.
: |

at-tardwih

prayer

performed during the nights of

Ramadan

pjj." taryih {eg.) installation; fitting in,

**-\jjj *j-&

{gvdwthi)
i.e.)

insertion
j-LJjl irtiyh satisfaction, gratification;

in bis

coming and going,

in

everything he did

pleasure; joy, delight

~)J
^Ijjwl istirwh airing, Ventilation; air
intake; reepiration
ri)
|

366

drive (Jl at s.th., ,> with s.th.); to be

<jj-L* r'j^-l (wd*

out
to
s.o. s.o.

(Jl or

for),

be bent
i_j

(Jl

or * on);

pneumothoraz
i*-l_r-l

(med.)

mean
()
()

( s.o.,

* s.th.,

by); to have
(<^>),

wfirAa rest, repose, relaxation,

in

mind with
s.th. (<^>);
(*)

s.th.

aim at

recreation ;

(pl.- t)

intermission, recess,

with

to have (good or
(<-)

pause, rest, break; public reethouse (for


travelers; Eg.)

evil) designs

on

s.o.

intend or to be

plan to do

s.th. (*)

with

s.o. (.-.);

on the point
*Mj r'ih:

(*

or jl of doing
to

s.th.),

be

and

forth,

jUj f\j (gdin) going back Walking up and down


pi.

about
induce,
jl
*j

(a

or jl

do

s.th.);

to urge,
|

irf-lj

r*iha

^ljjrowa'iA*odor,Bmell;
pl.

jIjI

prompt (J* s.o. to do s.th.) by thifl he meant that ...; he


it

fragrance,

perfume;

\jj perfumes;

understood

to

mean that
s.o.

. . . ;

\j>-

*j

jljl

flavoringB (e.g., those used in baking)


_,

(kairan) to wish

well;

jl

J*

*jljl
jljl

to seek to induce

s.o.

to (do s.th.);

murih

restful, reposeful; calming,


|

*Ul he was on
*(5-^'

his

way

to the capital;

Boothing; cozy; comfortable; flatulent


fcj* iS

-^ (*r) armchair;
murh

club chair,

J*

*** J 'j' (na/wA)


it

he tried to

bring himself to do
takeo.s. (*

VIII to repair, be-

easy chair
r\j*

toa

place); toexplore (s.th.)

see

above under marh


jjj raitd exploration
resting,

rtij*

murih
calm,

relaxing ;

re-

L j
Ioj j

riyda exploration

lated,

serene;

reassured,
|

satis-

6ed, content; pleased, delighted

t^j* JUI at ease, relaxed, serene, tranquil;


mind, nndisturbed
scruples
resting,

j ruwaidan slowly, gently, leisurely


'-4jj gradually, slowly,

Wjj
iiojjj

by and by;

j^-UJl rtij* of peaceful

ruwaidaJca take
pl. ajl_^

it

easy! slowly!

by

ijj* mirwad
relaxing; relittle

marwid* pencil,

_r muttarih

stick (originally for applying kohl

laxed, calm, reassured

to the eyelids)
closet,
toilet
ilji

r'_r
1

mustarh water
(raitd)

irda

will, volition;

wish; desire;
;

(pl. -t)

irade, decree (of a ruler)


{

will will

{*jj)

ilj

rda u

to

walk

about,

power
jjljl

alj^l

<_

>-

(hamba)

at

move

about, prowl; to look, search (*

for s.th.) III to seek to

for s.th.), try to entice or


s.o.

win (J* s.o. tempt (J*

irdi

intentional,

wili?ol,

vol-

untary
aLJjl

to

do

s.th.};

to

approach, accost

irtiyd

viait

(to

a place); ex-

( s.o.);
(

to seek to alienate or Iure

away

ploration
-iJlj

j*

s.o.

from)
|

to attempt to seduce

r'id pl. jIjj ruvnvd visitor; scout,

(U a woman)
tempt
B.th.),
s.o.

<J j* sj\j to seek to IV to want (* s.th., jl to do


have a mind, be willing

reconnoiterer ; boy scout ; explorer ; leader

major (m.; U.A.R.); precept, guiding


principle, rule (of conduct)
-Ij

wish,

(jl

to do s.th.); to

want

to have (* s.th.), j murid pl. -n novice (of a Sufi


order); aspirant; adherent, follower, diaciple
jlj-

desire, covet (* s.th.), strive {* for B.th);

to be headed, be to intend (*

bound
jl

(* for

a place);
s.th.);

s.th.,

to

do

to

aim

(Jl or

* ji with s.th. at), purpose,


(*

murd wanted,

desired, intended;

have in view

&,

by

B.th.

s.th.);

to

deBign, purpose, intention

t>J
promenade

to

be

or

become

glad,

happy, cheerful

^}jj

rQdu* Rhodos (chief Island of the


i~*jj rawfa pl. ,j0jj rau4,
-t,

Dodecaneee)
U-jjjj rdisiy Rhodesia
(jjj) jlj rza u (rauz) to weigh (*s.th.); to

^Ijj
|

riy4,

Ujj r\4n garden;


*->jj
(pl.

meadow

JULVI

^^j)

kindergarten,

nursery school

examine
<*lJjjj

{* s.th.); to consider (* B.th.)

^Lj^I

ar-riy4

Riyadh

(oapital

of

Saudi Arabia)

rznma almanao

<-Ljj riyfa pl. -t practice, exercise;

tfjj

(from ^Tj) to point, sharpen

physical

exercise,

gymnastics;

sport;

(* s.th.); to taper {* s.th.); to

supply

walk, promenade; relaxation, rest; Spiritual exercise; oL>Ijj religious exeroises,

with a heading or

title (*

essay, book)

devotions (Chr.); mathematics <Ju I^Ijj


j

title, "<-ijj tarwisa head, heading,

t.

nafsiki Walking, promenading; L>Ij Jl


(bahta)

caption

i^Jl

pure mathematics; *~*\j

'w^Jj* mirwa race track


(j-jjlj*
t

L-J^II (ta^bxqxya) applied mathematics;


SJLi*.

marwW

<-*1jj {'aqliya) exercise

of wits, intel-

race horses
lectual

games
sportive,

U0jJ^

ar-rs the RusaianB

^Ij j riyfi
n)
*r-*^JJ sports

sporU

(adj.); (pl.
j

^jj

ri Russian

sportsman; matheniatic(al)

jt^-l

4~~jJ\ ar-raiya the Russian language

news; ,^Ijj J-'j* (murs)

sports reporter;

^J^i

k-*l*IVI

sports

L-j j

rny

Russia

Li-Jl

L-j j

(&av#*) Byelorussia
(It. arroato) ftutf,

oL^Ijj
>^*jj
J-

riytjiiyM

mathematics

fjMtjj tarwt4 sports

f~jj

(ioAm) fried
(jj)

meat; roast

*\j

raa u
( s.o.);

(rau') to frighten, scare,

jZjj rau&m
scuttle

pl.

j-iljj

roiiin 1

skylight,

alarm
to
(

to startle, surprise
()

( s.o.);

awaken
to
s.o.),

fl.o.'s

admiration, appeal
( s.o.)
|

please, delight, thrill


L*

(l^jj)

t^b

tarne,

u (tf *-*kj n'itfrfo) to domesticate (* an animal); to break


rd#

iJjjjf

VI J*'j

(i maji'uka) your arriv-

al II

has beea a complete surprise to

me
awe

in, train (*
( s.o.);

an animal); to train, coach


( s.o.)
|

and IV to

frighten, scare, alarm,

to pacify, placate

*-J
{

^Ij
in)

( s.o.)

V and
at,

VIII to be frightened, be

to practice (J* s.th.), exercise o.b.


II

J*

alarmed {j*

by)

I;

to tarne, regulato (*

e.g.,

a river)

III

to seek to

bring round
cise o.s.
;

( s.o.)

make V

tractable, try to

9jj
r*

rau* fright, alarm, dismay, fear;

heart, mind, soul

jitjj

tf-i*

to practice, exer(haddi*)

<j*tJ

and dUjj j- {wkkin) take

it

tarayyw/a (denominaeaey! relax! apjj


b.o.,

tive

of

i-llj j)

to (take a) walk, prome-

(J-^jI) JJI

to persuade

make
it

s.o. believe, talk s.o. into be-

nade; to do physical exercise, go in for


Sports VI to haggle, bargain (with one
lieving (Ol that), inspire (* s.th.); J**-

*pjj
another, over & price) Till to practice,
exeroise o.a.; to train o.s., school o.s.
(uj

occurred to him,

it

came

to his

mind
9jj rawa* beauty

on

or

by meana

of); to (take a)

walk,

*)J
**jj rau'a fright, alarm, fear; awe; as-

f\jj\

aruxtf*

more ounning, more

in-

toniBhment, surprise; perplexity; charm,


beauty, magniflcence, splendor

sidioiu

Ujj rawagn turning


jj
ful;
I

off;

swerving;

anm'*

more wonderful,

more

dodging, evasion
**j\j*

marveloua; more charming, more delight-

more magnifioent; more obvious,

murtoaQa ly, underhanded dealtriokery; artifice, ounning;

olearer

ings;

humbug,

pl. -dt

distortions,

prevarications,

lies;

^Lji
Vlj
ful,

irtiyff

alarm, dismay, ehock

trioke, wiles

nj*'

splendid, sdmirable, wonderglorious,

marvelous,

(Jjj) i'j f^qa v (jj raug) to be clear, be

magnifioent

oharming, delightful; awesome, imposing,


impressive, thrilling; olear aa daylight
j

s.th.),

pure (liquid); to surpass, excel (J* s.o., prove superior (Je to); to please,
{

delight,

or

jLfJl lS\j

J
41^.

s.o.,

also

-c-*

fi r.

in-nah&r in broad day/( r.

/<

light; *jLS

Ulj j

'ainihi s.o.), give s.o.

pleasure,

&toWA(
JLJ-I

appeal pu-

in the

to

s.o.

prime of
truth

(*,

J,

j) II to olarify,
|

his years;

*m\J\

piain

rify,

filter (*

liquid)

<*J

jj (damato paoify,

h)
**Jlj

to refxeah s.o.
s.o.,

(drink);

nT'a
|

pJ.

Jljj rat?* 1 an imai-fann master-

plaoate

oool s.o. off; <*Llj!

jjj to

poaing thing
pieoea of art

jili ^*lj j r.

make a
<*

clearance sale IT to poor out


s.th.); to

a liquid); to shed, spl (*


(*

j_r murawoi' terrible, dreadful, frightening jjm mvravnva* frightened, terrihed,

make (mSa
lose

liquid)

flow

<^j
T

jljl

wajhihi) to saorifice one's honor,


respect,
lose

all

face

to

have

breakfast
Jlj rq pl. ~t layer, Stratum

alarmed

gjg\3j*

mwT

dreadful, terrible, horrible


frightened,

murUT

jjj rauq
terrified,

pl.

jljjl arw&q portico; hrn

a-

larmed
(jj) fjj rfa
(raitf,

jj rqa OUjj raunQn)


to
pl.)

beautiful, pretty,

handsome

(of persona; for

both genders, sing, and

turn
j>

off,

swerve; to dodge, evade


s.th.),

(je-,

s.o.,

get out of the

way

of

Jljj

riwq,

ruwq

pl.

jjl

arwiqa

(*> *>); rortively to turn

away; to go

tent; ourtain, soreen;


for

away
ner
(

(Jl to),

depart, leave (Jl for) III to

Aap of the tent proteotion againat the wind (used by


;

deal in an underhanded, fraudulent

mans.o.);

Syrian Bedouins) sun roof of mats over

with

s.o.),

double-aross

a bazaar

(*yr.);

portico;

open

gallery,

to dodge, engage in low triokery, play


fast

colonnade, loggia; porch, veranda (*yr.);


pavilion of

and

looee; to fight with unfair

means

an ezpoaition;

living quarters,

(. a.o.)

dormitories
shift,
artifioe, aly

and

workrooms

of

the

rawg dodge, Jjj


triok

students of AI Aznar University in Cairo,

divided according to provinoes


tionalities
|

and naone's

Ijj

<-_/-*

**>

pitoh

t}jJ rauw^
**ijj
aly triok

aly, wily, inaidious, orafty


shift,
artifioe,

tent, take

up

quarters, settle

down
a stoio;

ruwaia dodge,

Jljj rivtiql fltoio(al);


friar; vif./" ar-ritoqiya

(pl. -fin)

Stoioiam

<s
Jjjlj rwq
filter

(jLjj
puijjj

(Engl.) rfimotizm

rheumatism
rhubarb

jyj tarwiq
rification

filtration, clarification,

riwand,

Jj\j rdwaiui

4jujJ tarwiqa
5*1 jl

{tyr.)

breakfaet
out;

irqa
|

pouring

shedding,

\JL **y*
fiJl,

*> ( tSJ

Tayy* r *yy) to drink one'a


thirst; to

apilling

L-dl ljl

bloodshed

quenoh one'a
i

be irrigated;

raw
give
(

j!\j rtfiq olear, pure


llj^II

to bring (J# or J b.o.) water, raw i (ljj a.o.) to drink;

JL mal

ar-rk

(tg.)

publio

property,

riwya) to
report (# paas

teil,

relate (J * a.th. to s.o.),

oommunity property
j

s.th.),

give an aooount of (*); to


(je-

on, transmit

* s.th. on the
source),

Jjj II to alaver, slobber, drool


Jljj rutodl alaver, slobbor

strength

of

an

authoritative

quote (j from a source)


s.o.'s () thirst;

to queneh

to water, irrigate (* a.th.) to drink, quenoh


a.o.'s

Jjj (Fr. re)


1

rtf role

IV to give
*\j*

(* s.o.)

(*J j)

*lj

rdma u (rum,
wish
J

marm) to
a.th.),

()

thirat; to

water

(* flowers, eto.); to

desire, wish,
(* for); to
|

want, oovet (*
{*

orave

moisten, wet (* B.th.)

V to draw, obtain
to

b.o. B.th.);

to look

(j* * s.th. from); to ponder (j a.th.),


reflect

(Ij- L. (a for) J* (yurdmu) as well as b one oould poasibly wish, in ezcellent

(j on)
to

VIII

quenoh

one'a

thirst;

be supplied with water for

order
Ai

drink, be given to drink; to be watered,


* lj

rmaUah Ramallah (town

in

be irrigated; to draw (on a source,


to obtain Information from
iSj r *yy
it)

i.e.,

Jordan,

of Jerusalem)

quenohing (of thirst) ;


irrigation ;

riyy,

*jj rum wish, desire

rayy

watering,

moistening,

|-l^mardmpl.

-dt

wish, deeire, oraving,

wetting
ljj

longing; aspiration
*{jj\ ar-rm the

rayyan aroma, fragranoe


rauAy thirst-quenohing
final letter,

Romaeans, the Byzantinea;

,jjj

Byzantium;

pl. / IjjV!

aUarwdm

(the ad-

herents of ) the Greek Orthodox Churoh


*jj\ j*. bahr ar-r. the Mediterranean
yjjj

jj rawiy
|

rhyming
|

letter

(in

Arabio verse); rhyme

a-\j iSjj ji

monotonous (song)
rmi
pl. fljjl

artuSm Romaean,
\jj raw* fresh (water)
|

Byzantine; Greek Orthodox (Churoh)


jrjj iLi
(dlk)

turkey

(ep.);
(ep.)

uj

^rt"

t \jj

ruw* prettiness, comeliness, pleas-

(giima) a

brand of oheese

ing appearanoe

Ljj
<--jj

rffm5

and

*<jj

rma Rome

Zjj ravAya
oonsideration
|

deliberation,
**jj

reflection,

rmiyo

Rome

j* deliberately, on
oaaually

purpose, *uj
<jl*jj)l

j* J* offhand,
pl. -dt tale,

ar-rmdn the Romans; the Ro*Ajj riwya


narrative; report, aooount; story; novel; play,

manio peoples

drama;
(

jLjj
manio

rfimdni

Roman; Romanian; Ro-

motion pioture, film


tina) tragedy;

j H^JJ

muA*

<Ajj {masrahiya)

LJUjj rmntyd Romania

play, stage play; vti** *iLj motion pio-

&J
ture, film; '&**** IAjj (mu^Aiio)
-TL*

370

oomedy;

IT to disquiet, alarm,
suspioion
or

Btartle,
( *

fill

with

iljj (Qintflya) Oper;

- ^* iljj

misgi rings

s.o.)

to

(qiea&ya, qafafiya) novel ;


|iitya)

JjLx"

i lj j (tomaound

have doubts or misgivings


be Buspicious (u or

(-,

about),

play,

dmna;

iU

iljj

of)

Till to be

film; i-l_> iljj (tazifya)

oomedy

suspicious, smell a rat; to suspect, doubt,

(jljj rtuxt't novelist; dramatist, play-

queation
or

(^ or j

s.o., s.th.),

have doubts

wright ; author, writer


J^iJ

misgiviugs

(ij or

about),

waver
be in

doubtfully

yyn1 ,
with

(jy between)

to

f.

L j royyd,

pl. Ijj riiofl*

sated

doubt, be skeptical (j about), be Buspicious,


t_-;j

drink;

well-watered,

well-

bave misgivings, entertain doubts


raib doubt; suspioion; unoertain^*j (bi-ld)
<-i

irrigated; luxuriant, lush, verdaut; fall,

plump

(face) ;

suooulent,

juioy,

fresh,

pretty; aeo also alphabetically

ty
ly,

ujj

no doubt, undoubted(raiba) there is

doubtless;

\jj

tarwiya deliberation, refleotion,

ujj V
jii\

no

doubt about

it;

oonsideration
(j'jjl ino'i irrigational; irrigated

tj J

r.

al-mann

unprediotable turn of fortune, threatening fate; misfortune


i-ij

jj tarawwin
con&ideration

deliberation,

refleotion,

riba

pl.

<^ij riyab

doubt,

aus-

pioion, miagiving

jlj rwin pl. rwiyn, *ljj

ruwh and

i-'lJjl

irtiyb

doubt, suspioion,

dis-

ijlj rdun'ya

pl.

Lljj raiodyd transmittor

trust, misgiving

(esp. of ancient

Arabio poetry); relater;


~~lj*

narrator, storyteller

mvrib arousing suspioion, sus-

pioious

CjL jj* marwiyt tales, stories, reporta


<-?\jj

murtb doubting, doubtful, akep(*t

ilj aee jlj

tioal; doubter, akeptio;

or <J)

ul'j
sus-

Ljj

see jlj

doubted, questionable, doubtful; Buspeot,


fluspioious
|

*jA

j ^L">

(amrtAi)

picious, suspect,

ander saspicion
in

'05jj nyya

iJj

n'o (aee

j)

ujw muttarib doubtful,


about); suspioious

doubt (j

.L,
Jlj j

sh
nydZ
pl. -d* riyal,

a silver coin : in Eg.


Ir.

=
(i^jj)

(*J)

v' J^ mvstarb

(fiki)

suspect, sus-

20 qirS tfQ (piasters); in

pioious

200 faU;

lyy

IjjL. JIjj

Maria Theresa dollar


in

ilj

r$a

(mit)

to hesitate, delay,

ob j Riyan (town and airport


maut, on Gulf of Aden)
(iij)
fill

S Hadhra-

tarry

to besitate, tarry, be tardy; to

give (u* or

s.th.)

long and tborough

consideration ; to stop; to stay, Ungar


-tj

rtfta

(raib)

to disquiet, alarm,
( s.o.,

(j at a place); to be patient, bide one's


time, temporize, wait
1jj

with suspioion or miagivings


(

* about s.th.); to give pause

to

s.o.),

make make
(*

raifam (conj.) as long as, while;


until

b.o.)

stop and think (j! that),

when;

( s.o.)

uneaay; to oast a suspioion


( a.o.)

on

s.o.),

show

in a suapioioua
s.th.)

6J

*^ J

&- j

^.->>

^-j'

*s*j'i

c^j'

light; to

doubt, question, suspect (*

^[jj* Bee ^jj

; ;

371

f-

(G.) ratfr Reich

inj*
ra*ti)

^jl

artf

marfa produotive Und


cad&stre; (also -l

^ri j

rayyw (=
|

rank)

jli/

^j

mate (Eg. naval

D^jIj MrT

(ep.)

j (mufntfs) a naval rank

j jl)

land survey

(approz. : petty offioer 3rd olaas; Eg. 1939)

*m\j r&'i'a: jl^Jl *m\j


in

/l r.

tn-noMr

*-Ijj

ryd (= *-Uj

r*d*i) see ^--b

broad daylight
rif pl.

(see also fjj)


fertile,

^-l j riyaH
(cri->)

presidential

Jtjj

jL j\ aryf
(as

cultivated

land ;
l-*'->

country

opposed

to

oity ),

pa**

f*')

provide
to

with

conntryside, rural area; Ju ^Jl or j***

Jvj

feathen,
one't nest,

feather

{*

a.th.);
II

feather

Lower Egypt;
(hilly

seashore, seaooast;

Er Rif

beoome wealthy

to pro vi de

coastal

region

of

NE

Moroooo)

with feathera, feather

(* a.th.); to fledge,

grow feathen (bird) T to to beoome wealthy

fledge (bird);

Jjj ri rural, rustio, peasant (adj.), country (used attributively) ; peasant,


farmer; provinoial, yokel, bumpkin; in*
habitant of Er Rif (in Moroooo)
(Jij) Jlj rqa
i

ijjj rii (coli.; n. un. ) pl. ^Lj riyij \j j aryi feathen ; feathering, pluznage
I

elothes,

attire,

exterior;

bristles

(e.g.,

(jtj raiq) to shine, glisten,

of a brush)
JJj riia (n. un.)
pl. -t feather; quill;

glow, burn ; to flow out, ponr forth IT to

pour
writing

out, shed, spl (boo also 3jj)


pl.

pen

(also

i>U$Jl

<Ztj);

brush
(eg.)

Jtj riq and *juj riqa


saliva, epittle
faat,
*Ju
|

JL jl ary&q

(of a painter);

plectrum; lanoet;

reed (of oertain wind instrumenta,


of tbe oboe; mus.)
featherweight
|

e.g.,

J before breakon an empty stomaoh; *Juj A* and


(lit.:

jij\

<ltj\ ojj vxtzn ar-r.

j JiA (riqah)
i.e.)

to swallow one'a

(aifUet.)

saliva,

to oatoh one's breath, rast

a while, take a sbort break; to hold back,


j
rtff

feather (adj.), feathery, feath-

restrain o.s. (of s.o. in a rage);

*hj

**L

ered, plumed, pinnate

(baa'ah riqah) to allow


let s.o.

s.o.

a break,

^\jj riyi houaohold eSeote; fumiture; equipment

oatch hie breath; Jt_J\ ^yj-l (ajr)

to

make the saliva flow, i.e., to make the mouth water, atimulate the appetite
*J

jjj
(^jj) lj rtfa
{rai*,

iJuf

(yajiffu)

be

is

untiring (in

apeaking), he talks incessantly

^jj

ruy\ bj riyf,
flourish,

lw j raya'&n) to increase, grow,


thrive II to increase,

Jij rayyiq:
in the fall

^LUI

J;j

f% r.

iS-Sabb

augment

(* s.th.)

bloom of youth
*

jj
tte),

rai* pl. 9ji ruyfl' yield; mj

retums,

HJij) JL>
drool

^a

Bjxd II to slobber, fllaver,

proeeeds, income (aocruing from


interest ;
profit
|

an

es-

share,
iA-ill

royalty
*jj
t.

prime, choicest part

af-

iL^ maryala
<)j>j*

(atring)

apron

iabb the prime of youth

maryl bib

o\mj
t^Lill

rai' an

prime, choicest part


r.

'tilj look

up alphabetically
i

Ujj

/<

iS-Sabb in the
/
r.

prime

of youth;
in

jlfJl

Imj j

in-nahr

Hf j) fb rma

(raim) to go away, move,


(*

broad dayligbt

budge; to leave

a place)

-JlS- flj

L*

372
r-->

(maknah) not to budge, not to move

Hui-))

^' J

*w

to ****

P08*988*00 0*
l-

from the spot


at the place);

to stay,

nmain

(uKLIj

or * of
s.o.,

s.th.), Beize,

overoome ( J,

or

(eg.)

to bluff (J*

s.o.)

said of passion); to deaoend or


B.th.

oome

<j

rfnt (ey.) froth,

foam

npon

(J); to reign, prevail (J in,

o.g., silenoe in

a room)

-jy"

toryfm

(ep.)

swaggering, bluffing,

swindle

Uj,
<j)

f.

Uj

see iSjj

Vj

rfm (=*

addax, white antelope

oU j look up alphabetioaUy

j af

name

of the letter J

x^uj zabib
raisins;
(eg.)

(coli.

n. un. ) dried grapes,

a streng

oolorless

liquor

jjlj zSq quioksilver, meroury

made of raisins, milky white when diluted


with water
i-jji

Jjj

zi'baq quioksilver

meroury

azabb*,

f.

#Lj zabb'*,

pl. i_jj

zubb

pl j aS; vitriol
lj^-lj

hairy, hirsute, shaggy


Jjj zo&uia froth,

d^Au Zagora, a brand of Egyptian

u to ohurn
(also,

(* milk) II to

foam,

ootton
jlj xa'ara a i (za'r, j&j za'ir) to roar, bellow

oream (milk) IT to

froth,

beoome

foamy, foam
Jjj

with rage)
ozfr&i

juj za'ir roaring, roar, bellowing


Jtj za'aja

zabad
|

pl. ilj ji

foam, froth;

dross

_^wJI

JjJ

z.

aWwAr meenohaum

a (Jj zfdf) to olamor, be vooif!.bj

erous
jjf

zuoda (freah) butter (aa opposed to

mm);

oream;

(pl.

OjJ

zubad)
flower,

Mj
Ajj

&J pl. Uj j zljjdn orow


jj*

ohoicest or violent

part,

prime,

oream,

maut

tu*

am a sudden

elite; extraot,

quintessenoe; essence, sub-

stanoe; gist, main point


IjJjJ

death
zabdiya
pl.

tpbj xabdiy bowl


|

oljj tu* an damel


bot.)

(Lolium

temulentum;
jLj

dd

oivet

jLjII

jji- nnnfir

oi-z,

oivet oat

lj zn

(ayr. t eg.)

beeoh

jlj yt

jamar

z,

tS^iJ

zabidi

and

^Lj

jJ

(laban)

beechnute
*jtj

ourdled milk
pl. -dt

(eg.)
*<i*j*

aSna

spear;

pole

-JfjJl

Jjj*

mizbad,

mizbada

pl. OjIj-

ma>

HjJb

(jJI) aj-uw|6 (al-qafz) bi-x-x. pole


(atiUet.)

aS&td*

ohurn
*

vaulting

y j zo&ara u
jj'j Jwtty quioksilver, meroury
(j Ij

to soold

s.o.)

jj

zvbr penis
pl. j-j

zdy name of the


zubb
pl.

letter j

!/j xubra
j^jj
zafrfir

ruftar pieoe

of iron

t-jj

v^J' ozMb penis

(Book

of) Psalms, Psalter

373

>j
drive
(l->

rjj

zibrij

Ornament, ornamentation, deco-

or

*,

* s.o.

or a.th.); to presa,
*, * s.o.

ration, embelliahment

squeeze, foroe, eram (lj or


a.th.,

or

into)

j**JI

u-yj zabarjad chrysolite (min.)


*ijn)

^j

(zujja,
II

he was thrown into prison

to

^jj zabafa

(zabf) to

quaok (duok)

peneil (O^-U-' al-hdjibain the eyebrows);

to glaze, eoat with gl&as (# s.th.); to


.Ljj zabaf (eg.)

mud, mir
bunoh of dates

enamel

(*

s.th.)
pl*

ljj zvbfa (eg.)

j
4*i

^VJ

*#? ferrule; arrow-

jj zau&a'a
cane

pl.

rt g)jj zawbi stonn, hurri-

head; spearhead
^jl asajf*, f. Uj zajj**, pl. ^j zujj having beautifully arohed eyebrows

Jij zabaqa
(* hair)

(zabq) to tear out, pluck


slip in

out

VII to

^U-j zujj glasa


1*-Uj zujja

(aa substanoe)
pl. -t

Jj j II to dng,

manure
manure
garbage ool-

(n. un.)

pieee of

glaas;
glass,

(glass)

Jjj

tibi,

iL j zibla dng,

bottle,

flask;

(drinking)

tumbler
zujjt

Jljj zabbl street sweeper;

^U-j
vitreous

glass

(adj.),

glassy,

leotor
<lljj

zvbla refuse, rubbish, garbage,

sweepings
*Lj

rL-j
pl.

177a? glazier

mazbala, mazbvla

JjJ>

mo

w-> tmuajjaj glazed, enameled ;<li\jey


and iip>
j^-j

zbiP dunghill; garbage can


jtj

oU^a.
(zajr)

enameled wre
to drive baok, drive
restrain, prevent

zabn

kicking

(camel)

hot,

fierce,

zajara

cruel (battle); stupid foolish; fool;


(pl.

away; to hold baok,


(je- s.o.
(

^Ijj zab*in a ) oustomer, cent, buyer;


|

from); to rebuke, scold, upbraid

guest (of a hotel, and the like)


patron, regulr customer

<Ij jtj

b.o.)

VII
I

and

VIII

_^-Jjl

izdajara

pass.

of

jij zubn undergarment (nejd,


Jljj

ir.)

_^-j zajr foreible prerention ; Buppres-

sion

(of customa,

abuses,

erimes);

re-

zibna clientele, patronage, custom

buke, reprimand
iSsrJ *&y*
(adj.)
|

Jljj zubn pedipalpus or

claw of a

reformatory, penitentiary

ecorpion,

of a crayfiah

(ueually dual:

V>JI Ubj)
vbj
zvbya
zabniya myrmidons; angels

ifsrj *** (ma'had) reformatory,

reform sohool

who

srj* mazjar: t_J&l

thrust the
ij j

damned

j^y

c* xJ qa'ada a
fitting

into Hell

minhu mazjara
place distanoe from
_rt-lj

l-kalb to sit at

pl.

zuban
|

elevated

s.o.

above the waterline


climaz, things
tlj

(Jjll

J^JI

iL ba*

zjir handicap,

impediment, ob-

Joga 8-aailu z-zvb the matter reached

staole
!_rt-ij

came to a head
zjira pl. j*-\jj

zavjir* check,

zalta (syr.) to

throw

curb; restriction, limitation

^j

zajja (let pera. perf. zajajtu)

(zajj)

to

J*-j

zajala

(zajl)

to let go, release (* a

throw, hurl {#

B.th.);

to push, hove, urge,

carrier pigeon)

>3
J*- j

374

zajai pl. JL- jl ozji populr

Arabio

iU-J

zahhfa

pl. -dt

reptile;

imple-

poem

in strophio form; soft

humming

ment

for leveling the ground, leveler; ski zhif

sound produoed by the jinn at night

(_**- 1 j

creeping,

crawling ;

pl

jUj
J-i-

zajjl reciter
/-Li*

of azjl (see above)


az zj
carrier

ijw-ljj zaxohif* reptilee

IjJl

Aamm

J-j zahala

(zahl, J>-j zvhl)

to

move

pigeon,

homing pigeon

away, withdraw,

retire (j*

from a plaoe)

(j*-j) L-J zaj


s.o.);

to drive, urge

on

II to
(,

a s.th.,
(,

remove

(a,

s.o.,

s.th.)

=* I

to squeeze, press, foroe,


b.o.,

cram

J*-J

zvhaP the planet Saturn

s.th.,

into)

II

to shove,

puah
j)*-j zahlaqa to roll, slide (a s.th.) II tazah*

(a s.th.,

s.o.);

to drive, urge on (* s.th.,

s.o.);

to jostle, crowd, cram,

jam

(,

laqa to glide, slide,

slip,

akid

s.th.,

s.o.,

J
(Jl

into);
a,
*

to take or bring
s.th.

L-J

zahlaqa: JL-jJl jl-L* maiddn az-z.

(foroibly)

s.o.,

into); to

skating rink

make
s.o.);

time)

pass ;

to

pass,

Bpend

jU>"

tazahhtq skating; skiing

{* time)

IT to shove, push

{* s.th.,

to drive, urge on (a

s.th.,
(,

s.o.);

iij)L-j zahlwi from Zahle (Lebanon), in j-j

made

to jostle, crowd, cram,


s.o., Jl

jam
to

a s.th.,

ZabJe

(e.g.,

arraok)

into); to take or bring (forcibly)


*

(Jl a,

s.o., B.th. into);

make

zahama a (zahm) to push, shove, hustle,

pass,
jostle,

while

away

crowd, press, beset


jostle,

(* time); to

extend (J a

s.o.)

s.th.

III to

to s.o.;

greetings, compliments, thanks);


press,
|

puah, shove, hstle,


beset
s.o.)
{

crowd,

s.o.);

to bestow (J > s.th. on s.o.; e.g., preise)


jl jaJJI Jl

to

compete, vie

^jl

(4%hn) tosuggeat (the idea


. .

with

VI to press together, crowd


about;
to

together,

"iill

to

be

closely

or aBsumption) that

packed (j

in);

compete with one

^J- muzjan Utile, scanty, paltry, trivial,

insignificant

ed, teem,

another VIII fj\ izdahama to be orowdswarm (- with); to jostle,

j-j zahara

(s*-j zaAfr, jl*-j zvhr) to

crowd together, mill about


<t~j

(e.g.,

people)

groan,

moan

zahma

crush, jam; crowd, throng

s*-j zahir groan, moan(s)

fl*-j

zihm crush, jam; crowd, throng

jUj
(med.)

zvhr groan, moan(s); dysentery

4i~\y

muzhama
|

pl. -dt

competition;
(yaqbalv)

rivalry

**-ljil

JJu V

un-

rivaled, matchless,
rj*-j zahzaha (**~j-j zahzaha) to

without competition

move

(* B.th.,

from

its plaoe);

to tear, rip (j* *

s.th. off)

f\j

tazdhum (mutual) competition

II tazakzaha

to budge, move (j* away from)

fl*ojl izdihm crowd, orush,

jam; over-

ijw-j zahafa a (zahf) to orawl, creep

on the

crowdedness
j-lj*
"<t~\}*

ground;

crawl

about;

to

advauce

muzhim

pl.

-an competitor; rival


rival

(army); to march, be on the maroh (Jp against or toward)


iJw-J zahf advance,
(pl.

muzhima (female)

*r *> muzdahim

overorowded, paoked,

march

(of an

army)

<J>-j zvhf) soldiery,

army

JUj

zahhf creeping, cnwling

jammed; teeming, Bwarming, crowded, muzdaham crowd, crammed (- with) orush, jam
;

375

'**-j

zakka

pl. -t

downpour, heavy shower


jji-j zvOr) to well,

1*1

jj

zurbiya, tirb\ya pl.

jb J

zarAbly

oarpet, rg
ji-j zafcara

a (za$rt

rise (e.g., river); to

be overfull, brimful
s.th.),

Ifl j j

zariba pl. *Jlj j zaro*ib % zareba,

(^
be

of); to boast

(^ of

vaunt

(-*

oattle pen, oorral, stockade, fold; (oattle)

a.th.)

Vto
(

swell; to rise;
of)

toabound (uis),

barn; {North Afr.) hut


~>j j'J zrb

made of branohea
a long,

fll

pl* *-rij\jJ zato&rib*

>-lj zl&tr and


ful,

jUj zo&dr

fll,

brim-

narrow lane

filled

to overflowing; abonnding in

v'j>
JhjJ

mizrb

1 pl. ;jl> ffKttdHfc

spont

water
ant

(asa>); exoeamre, profuse;

exuberzar6fii
pl. pl. J-lj j

(feeling)

zarbiP and Ojjj

zartn

0lj j sardMn1 a kind of shoe

J>-j

xaJfrafa to adorn, (* s.th.)

embelah, deoorate,
taxafcrafa to

ornament
o.a.;

adom
deco-

Ajj zarada

(zard) to

ohoke

( s.o.),

strangle

to be embelli&hed, ornamented
pl.

(* a.o.'a neck); to gulp, swallow,


(* s.th.)

devour

*j>-j iuJxu/
ration,

JijUj

Tm

ajajI

izdarada to swallow

zafcrif*

ornament, embellishment; make(o.g.,

(* a.th.)

up, getup
finery
|

of a book); vain,

trifling

jj

zarda

sweet diah

made of

rioe

UJ Jtj^j

(lafoiya) flowera of
LJjJI *-Jj*>*j

and honey
ij j zarati pl. ->jjj zurfitj ohain mail,

speech, rhetorical flourishes;


z.

ad-duny the vanities of this world

ooat of mail

ajjII

jU* zebra

>- j

zafcrafa

pl. -dJ

decoration (also

lijj zarada chain


*i->jj

Unk

stage decoration); omamentation


zardlya pliers

j^j

zuJprufl

ornamental, deoorative

*-!>> muzaJprif interior decorator;

ijj*

nuurad throat, gullet

muza^raf embelliahed, ornamented


Ji>.^ll jjS3l

-UJ-'I

jjjj zarzara to chirp

(oZ-M

oJ-fc/J)

floriated

jjjj xurzur and jjjjj twfir pl.y jj


xardzir* starling (zooL)

Kufio writing
jt-j

zakama a

(zafpm) to thrnat

back

{* s.o.);

zakima a (zajfam) to stink


j-j zakim stinking
>-jl
i*-J

lijjjjj iwzrl gray with white spota


(horse)
f-j j

zara'a a {zar') to

sow

(* s.th.); to spread,

cu&am* stinking
zaipma pleotrum

scatter (* s.th.); to plant, raise,


(a plants); to
tili,

grow
<&

oultivate

(^jlM

anfa Und); to lay (^J lugman a mine)


i*-J

zafcama atench
(* s.th.); to

VH

paas. of I;

Tm fjijl

izdara'a to

aow

jj zarra u to button, button up


II

acrew, contort (C-* 'ainaX one's eye)

jj zar' aowing; (pl. jj j turiT) seed; young Standing orop, green orop; plantation; field(s)
y-4llj jjfl
|

to button, button j j zirr

up

(* s.th.)

(#w') gri-

pl. jlj jl arrfir,

j jj j lurr but-

oulture and stock farming


i*lj j

ton; puah button; knob,


(of
s->jj

pommel; bud

tirSa agrloulture; tling, tillage;


(of land);

plant); tasael (of the tarbooah, etc.)

cultivation
(of crops);

growing, raiaing

zariba a to

flow

(water)

to pen,

farming

,>jL-JI U'jJ

hor-

oorral (* liveatook)

oulture

LJi
(j^ljj znS'agrioulturaI f agrarian,farm(in

Jjjlozro^.f.

>tfjj

zary^.pl.Jjjxwrg
the blue sky,

Compounds)

Ijj ^jl
jj^l
field

(ortf)

ara-

blue; dark-colored;

ljjJl

ble land;

^Ijj

path f dirt

the blue
Jlij jl izriqq bluenese, blue [Jlij jVI

road

**ijj

airTa that whioh

iB

sown or
1

(AT oi-tzr. oyanosis

planted; crop

jjjj Iook up alphabetioally

Jjj
planter

zarra' pl.

I,

-n peasant, farmer;

yjj zarqn a bright red


macro' (arable) land
pl.

j>
ander

^rSjj zarhaSa to

embelliah with brocade


deo-

embroidery; to adorn, embellish,

*j> maxra'a
oountry estate

jlj monSrt' 1 field

orate,

ornament

(* s.th.)

culti vation ;

farm ;

plantation
tjSjj zarkaS brooade, gold

and

silver

embroidery

jUj_^ mazra'dnt fanner

jfjj*
shareorop-

mvzarJcai

embellished

with

Vj'> muzfo'a temporary


ping contract
jlj 2ri'
( JJ.

brooade embroidery, brocaded; embroidered


(_j

Zato)
iwrrtf

with
;

silver

and gold thread);


decorated,
JJl

pl,

Jj j

seedaman,

embroidered

embellished,
|

so wer; peasant; farmer; planier

omamented

<jj\

(qalam)

oma-

mental writing

jj> mazr*

cultivated, planted

^Jj j
**jj> mazr'a
crop, green crop
jlj* mxuri' pl. -fln peasant, fanner;
pl. -5/

zirnifp, zarniff

arsenio

young standing
iSJj zar
i (j'jJ

rirya) to rebuke, scold,


(*

agronomiat
lj j zar/a pl. -<M body, group, Cluster (of

upbraid (J* s.o.), find fault s.o. beoause of s.th.); to

J* with
dis-

revile,

parage (^ or J* s.o.), detraot (<-> or J from) IV to derogate, detract (ij

people)

I-U-jj olil; j see .u-lj

from
s.o.

s.o.

or

s.th.),

belittle, ridicule (^

or

B.th.)
(i_j

ljj

zarfa,

zurfa

pl.

jljj zarf,

= I; vm
or
m,

^ jjjl
make
defy

izdar
light,
(_j

to slight

or

*, * s.o., s.th.),

zurf, ijuljj zar'if* giraffe

think
'Jjj zaraqa
(bird);
(i_j

little

(^

of),

or

zaraqa u
j"i\

(=

jjj) to drop excrement


(zarq) to hit, pieroe

* e.g., danger)

X=

VIII

tfj j zariy bad, poor, miserable, despi-

s.o.

with); to jab, bore (*,

into

cable, contemptible
jIjJ zirya

s.o.

or e.th.); to throw, hurl (* s.th.)

contempt, disdain; revile-

Jj j zarq:
injectings

3j j

z.

al-ibar injections,

ment, disparagement
tjjl izr*

contempt, disregard

^Uj* mizrq

pl Jjj!_> mazrig* javelin

'jjjl

izdir*

contempt, disdain, acorn

<Jj j zartga a (zaraq) and IX to be blue


ijjj

iSJJ*

muzran despicable, contemptible


s.o.)

zaraq blue, bluenese, blue oolor;

jfj

za'bara to deeeive, cheat (Jp


r

O O

glaucoma (med.)
iijj

J^*J za abf
rurga blue, blueness, blue color;
oyanosis

pl.

iw^J
by the

za'bif*

a woolen

fabric; woolen
line,

garment with a low neckfellahin (eg.)

worn

esp.

;;

377

j&j

za tar

_/***

fjjej za'z' lean, skinny, Ianky, spinHling


(

*j za'aja a and IT to disturb

s.o.);

to troable, inoonvenienoe, molest, pester,


hftnMW ( s.o.); to disquiet, alarm,

fjf-j*

muza'za"

oon vulsed

shooked
shaky,

make
( s.o.

upset,

disorganized;

tottering,

uneasy, upset

( b.o.);

to stir

up

wobbly, unsteady, precarious


fjt-'j*

^
b.o.

or,/ from a
from a

plaoe), rouse (j* or

je

mv&aza'zi'

unsteady,

haky,

state, e.g.,

from

sleep, etc.),

wobbly, precarious; tottering, rocking;


fiokle, unoertain,

drive (j- or j*

s.o.

from)

Tu

to be

ohangeable

stirred up, be roused; to be alarmed (j*

by or

at), feel

uneasy (j- about

s.th.)

>U*j za'afa (xa'f) to drive

away
instantly
( s.o.)

m&j za'aj uneasiness, unrest

J&j

za'aja

(za'f)

to

kill

IV do.

^Ujl
r-U>'
I

iz'j

disturbance

vJUj
inzi'j

.-

samm

zu'f a rapidly killing,

inoonvenience,

trouble,

deadly poison
ljiej za'farn saffron

disoomfort; disturbance, confusion

>

mux'ij

annoying,

troublesome,

irksome, inconvenient, unpleasant; harrying;

Jpj za'aqa a

(za'q)

to cry, yell, ehriek, eoream


shouting,
orying,

disquieting;

unsettling;

pl.

^*L^J*

troubles, disoomforts

jpj

za'q

clamor,

screaming, yelling
j*j za'ir thin-haired
j*jl az'ar*,
tailless
f.

ilej za'qa pl. za'aqt cry, outcry, yell,

Ij*j za'r' 1 thin-haired;

soream, shriek
j-pj za'iq clamor, shouting,
crying,

j*jl az'ar pl. uljpj zu'rn

(leb.,

pal.)

screaming, yelling

highwayman, brigand; crook, scoundrel

jUj
jjj*j

za'ra zu'rr

maliciousness,
pl.

meanness
ill-

J*j za'a a (^ with

(za'al)
s.th.),

to be bored, be fed

up
be

be tired
II to

(&

of); to

j-jUj

za'rtr*

annoyed, angry

annoy, vex

( s.o.)

tempered, peevish, testy, irasoible; azarole,

IV to trouble, annoy
Jpj

( s.o.)

Neapolitan medlar (Crataegus aza-

za'al displeasure,

annoyance,

irri-

rolus; bot.)

tation, vexation

shake violently, convulse, fj*j wfza'a to rock (* s.th.); to shake, upeet (* e.g., a
resolve, a belief, etc.) II taxa'za'a to be

J*J out

za'il

annoyed, angry, vexed, put

j^j
put out
Jjplj

za'ln 9

annoyed, angry, vexed,

convulsed;

to

work

loose,

wobble, be
|

loose; to shake, rock, totter

J*>j V

z'vla

annoyance, anger,

irri-

unshakable
tation, vexation
frj*j

rih za'za'

and Ujej j

(za'*
s.j

za'n) violent gale, hurricane


% **j*J za'za'a pl. f\jl*J za'zi' convul-

za'ama u (za'm) to maintain,


pretend
(jl that), deolare (l
(*
;
|

allege, claim,

J to s.o. that)
or to be
. .

to beeve; to take

s.o. for

.),

sion, shock, concussion

regard

(*

b.o. as)

*cJ

fj

to olaim for

ol*>j zazaan

see

t^P

o.b. {* B.th.)

to set o.e.

up as leader; to

f*j
be the leader
( of),

378

lead,

oommand
;

(*

Lij zugv#a

(eg.)

hicoup
to pour out (* B.th.); to
e.g.,

body of soldien, or the


to be the lewler, poee

like)

to pretend

leader, be bosay
claim
|

Jij

zotfo/a

(xajj/)

oounterfeit

(*

coins),

adulterate,

aj za'm

allegation,

&f"j

debase (*

s.th.)

as they olaim, as they say

J*j zo^oi counterfeit money


ffj

za'im

pl.

I>j

ru'amd' 1

leader;

ringleader; oolonel (Ir. 1922); brigadier

J*>

truugal pl.

J*l> maxg'iP loophole,

general (m.; formerly Syr.); guarantor


(

embrasure
Jlij zaglala to dazzle (^^Jl^n-nazor the eyes)

of)

i*Uj

za'ma leadenhip; leading po-

Jjiij

zujW

pl.

JJUj

zaliZ>

baby,

mtion in politios

infant; xaftid (eg.) squab,

young pigeon
Jtyj
to

^l>

mattfim' allegations; claim, pre<_jj zaffa (Ist pers. perf. zafaftu) i (zaff,

tensions; aagumptions, oonjeetures

zuff) to hurry;

(zaff,

Jij
(l>

zt//)

r>*>

max'm

pretended,

claimed

oonduot in solemn prooeesion

the bilde,
Jl

alleged, Bo-called

J* or

Jl to the

bridegroom) ; pass.

cJj

ALt-j

zi'nifa pl.

JuUj za'nif norde, paok,


riffraff;

zuffat il to

be married off to, be given in

mob, rabble,

low

base,

mean;

marriage to; to oonduct in solemn prooesaion to her

new home

(l>

pl. fins (of fish); flippen (of whale, seal,

the bilde,

and the
*-*J xaQab

also said of the bridegroom); to inform


like)
(Jl s.o., *

of

s.th.), teil (Jl

> s.th. to
to

s.o.)
|

down,

fluff,

fuzz
fluffy, fuzzy,

Jl

tSj^\

Jj

(buir)

bring

glad

*-*J taQib

downy,

tidings to

covered
ij zaffa

with fuzz
*-*jl

procession (of people), wed;

axgab*

downy,

ding prooeaaion
fluffy,

fuzzy,

one time

**j

zaffatan

oovered with fuzz


j-fj

onoe ( marratan)

tagbar nap (of a fabric)


all

jfj

J*-\

he

JUjJl

lJJ ff wedding, wedding oeremony | *U laat az-z. wedding night


J>j*j

took

of

it

mff
taf'tf

ostrich; fleet, awift (camel)

Uj zagada
ji-j

a to nudge, poke
{eg.)

( s.o.)

Juij

sough(ing)

(of the

wind)

zagara a

to eye (Jl or J
at)

B.th., s.o.),

<> mizaffa bridal sedan

leer (Jl or

cJj
>j*j 2ora<a (j*J zatfnxia) to utter shrill,

II

to

smear with

pitch,

to

pitch

to asphalt (* a road)

long-drawn and

trilling

sounds

(as

a cjj
zift

manifestation of joy

by Arab women)
trilling

pitoh; asphalt

uj^Uj

cJj

bjUj zafrid*

shrill,

oriee of

and tar) unpleasant, annoying, awkward; damned (bad luck)!


(qaprn)
(lit.:

pitch

joy (of women)

J>J zagrafa

= j>j
l
(17.)

*=>

mizfata

pl.

cJt>

mazdfif?

asphalting machine

C-i> tazfU asphalting

j^J

zagzaga to hide, oonceal (* B.th.);


(* s.o.)

Jj

zafara

(xafr,

jjj

za/ir)

to sigh deeply,

to tiokle

heave deep sighs; to pant, groan, moan;

379

/J
p!j
in the

to blow
braath)

off,

exhatut, puff out (

air,

so99fim Eaqqum, an infernal tree


fruit,

with exoeedingly bitter


pl. xafarAt aigh,

mentinned

*yj ia/ro
ij

mou
ax-

Koran

so/fr

oxhaling,

oxhalatiozi,

piration; sighing, moaning,


alao alphabaticaUy

moan>;

(yj) Uj zaqd u to ory. crow, peep, oheep


Uj ntq/t orowing (of

rooster)

^Tj
"jjj

zoiafta

u (^jTj ndr) to

All

up, fiU

to so with gnaaa, begrne ( t-th.)

(* s.th.)

jij za/or gro*M,

(oi^if oi-i. Mardi


(CAr.)

gnaay food yjll U^i Gru, Shrovo Tueaday


|

i-5j

zatiba

saok, bag.

pL JBj gonny sack

zabTtfr*

(7.)

jij x^ftr greasy; grimy; unolean, dirty,


fitthy; stinking, rancid,

SjSj rubra

rank
(of

pl. _/j ruiarima (wine)skin; a wind instrament resembling the oboe

<(u*.)
Jijij

za/za/a

soughing,

whistling

the
ij pasa. tukima to oatoh a oold

wind)
jij za/ana
j*iJ

^Bj zwbdm (oommon)


to danoe, gambol

oold. oatarrh

iTj takma (oommon) oold, oatarrh


/Ir sephyr oloth
iilfj

zakna

flair;

intnition

j 10990 u

(sooo)

to feed (*

iU young ones;
(jTj and

of a bird)

&)

Ej

zoU u

(j

mW)

to

thrive; to grow, inorease; to be pure in


heart, be just, righteous, good; to be
fit,

zuqqn skin (as a reoeptaole)


snitable
Jljj 211909
(<~*

for s.o.), befit

(^

s.o.);

m. and

f.,

pl.

aziqqa

takiya a to grow, inorease II to inorease,

lane, alley; atrait, oorridor (gtogr.)

augment, make grow (*


ohaaten (*
s.th.);

s.th.); to purify,

to justify, vindioato

jij 09209(1 (UJ mqtaqa) to paep, ohirp,

oheep; to feed (*

its

bird); to dandle, rook in one'

young ones; of a arms (

s.o.),

vonoh

for, or

bear witneas to,


( s.o.)

s.o.'s () integrity,

deolare
attest

honest,

upright or just,
reoord of
s.o. (*);

the honorable

a ohild)
Jljij xaqzq pewit, lapwing
JjJUjJI
oz-xaflozfj
1

to attest to the trnth,

validity or oredibility
(oity

of s.th. (*); to
to

Zagazig

in

oommend,

praiae

( s.o.);

reoommend
(* s.th.)

N
1 ilij

Egypt)

IT to cause to grow; to grow

T to be
ru9&>

purifled,

be ohastened
tukiya**

and Jij zuqltya

(eo.) olub,

oudgel,

tronoheon

Sj
JJUj taq/T& narrow road,

talny

pl. IgTjl

pure;

ohaste; gntless, blamele , sinless; (also

<Lj zagUa

pl.

S* rfotty. -g. sTi


Bj

*-^'j)

path, trail ij zaqama

tahT

growth;

(moral)

purity,

(xaqm) to swallow, gulp, gobble

integrity, honesty, righteouBnass


tfj (jTj) zoifcdA pl. b~j

(* food)

IT to malte
s.th.)

(* s.o.)

swallow or

zakan, oljTj

gulp down (a

Vm

ajl

izdaqama

ukawt
esty;

pority; justness, integrity, hon-

~I

justifioation,

vindieation;

alms-

/3
giving, alms, oharity ; alms tax {Isl.
J*X>\
!o**j z. al-fifr

380

Law)

Jj)j zabcaia to shake, rock, convulBe, cause to tremble


{,

obligatory donation of

* s.th., s.o.); pass. zuizilo

foodstuffs required at the

end of Ram-

also: to waver,

stumble

II tazalzala to

adan, the
l

month

of fasting

quake (earth)

53' teh

purer;

more

befitting,

more

5J^Jj

zoZxa&i

pl.

Jj Vj

zaiziP

earth-

appropriate; better

qnake
JljJj
zoZz{,

iSy

tazkiya puriflcation, chastening;


oredi-

zikl ooncussion, Bhock,

pronouncement of s.o.'s integrity or


bility; attestation of {a witnees')

convulsion; earthquake

honor-

able record (Isl. Law)

JJj xalafa u to swallow, gulp down, gobble


(* s.th.)

to strip, undress

( s.o.)

to

(4)

zaa zaa

(Ist pers. perf. zalatiu) (Ist pers. perf. zalitiu)

(za)

and

undress, strip

a (JJj

taiai)

JJj

zulf

nakedness, nudity
;

to Blip; to
error,

make a

mistake, oommit an
s.o. (je), fail

slip;
s.o.

to slide off

JJj

zalaf (coli.

n. un.

(eg.)

gravel,

to affeot

(je; aid of evil)

IV to
( s.o.)

pebbles; road metal, bailast

cause

b.o.)

to alip; to

make

*Jj zaVa

pl. *Jj

zila'

(eg.)

a kind of tau

Btnmble or

trip
(syr.)

clay jar

Jj za a kind of reed
*Jj

tjdj

zal'm

pl.

^Vj

zal*im*

gullet,

zaa

slip,

lapee

LJ

*Jj

z.lisdn

throat
JJj zalafa

slip

of the tongue

JJj zalal slip, apping; lapse; mistake,


error, overaight

(zalf,

zalaf,

JJj

zallf)

to
(Jl

approaoh

(Jl s.o.

or

s.th.),

advance

toward), go near II to exaggerate, blow

JVJ
al-baujt

zuidl oold

water

iJ

J\ JVj

z.

up

(*

report,

in)

IV to bring near,

white of egg, albumen


zu/dli

bring dose
(Jl s.o.),

(*, s.o., s.th.)

to flatter

JVj
teins

alhuminous; iLJYj zvl


|

fawn
o.s.

(Jl

upon

s.o.),

ourry favor,
also

Uyt proteins

SJVj

*\j*

(mowW 1 )

pro-

ingratiate

(Jl

with

s.o.,

J)

VIII .Jthjl izdalafa to flatter

LjVj zalabiya
oooked in
l

pl. -<K

a kind of doughnut
sprinkled with sugar

<JJ j zalaf servile flattery,

sycophanoy,

oil

and

toadyism, bootlicking

kj zalaja a (rjJj zndj) and zalija a to


slip; to slide

Jj zulfa and JJj zvlf servile flattery, sycophanoy, toadyism, bootlicking


.Jjj
bootlioker
zaliqa

along, glide along

do.

2^1 J* >"

W)

to skate VII

mutazaif

sycophant,

toady,

zalj slippery zalij slippery


pl. lj* mazlij*

wJ j

j}J

(zalaq)

and zalaqa u
glide

(zalq)

to glide, slide; to slip

n to make slippery
(j * s.th. into)
|

j* miztaj

skate
(sliding)

(# s.th.); to slip,

rYj* mizlj pl. pJI> mazlij* bolt (on a door)


Jj zulaij fatenoe, ornamental tue
,j<nJj zviaijl faience,

IV to cause

( s.o.)

to slip

j-mt{

aJJI (6t-

baparihl) to look at s.o. sternly or dis-

approvingly V and VII to glide, slide; to


skid, slither, slide (Jl into s.th.); to slip;

ornamental tue

to ski; to skate

gl!l

Je ^)>l

(talj)

381

yj
to be prim, sedate, staid

to ki; to skate VII to slip from s.o. 's


(je) hand,

c-j V

from

s.th. (je)

c->" tazammut primness; gravity, sedateness

j) j zaliq alippery

UJj zalqa

(n. vic.) slip, skid, aideslip

^ju mutazamm

grave, Btern, staid.

Vj

zaiqa Blipperiness

sedate (oharaeter); prim; narrow-minded


aledge, aled;
j-j

Vj

zadqa

pl. -<K aleigh,

zamjara

(j*-j

zamjara)

to soold; to

toboggon;

toboggau

chute,

Bledding
l

stonn, rage, rave


j*j zamara

oourse; gutter, eaves trough

u (zamr, j*j zamir) to blow,

jljrf

mazlaq

pl. j)\j*

mazljq* eppery

play (a wind instrument) II do.


j-j zamr blowing, playing (of a
ins t rument

Bpot; slide, ohute; esp.pl. treacherous,


perilous ground, pitfalls, dangers, peius

wind

UJ> mazlaqn

(dual) (loading)

ramp;
j*j zamr
pl. j_^*j

gradient, ramp, driveway, access road


,jJj-.

zumr a wind

instru(of

ment resembling the oboe; hrn


mizlaq
|

skate;

UJj-

a pair of
roller

Bkates

^^ ji Jl>
pl. jJlj-

an automobile;
j+j

ayr.)

('ajaZdl)

Bkate
UJjrf

zumra

pl.

j*j zumar troop; gronp


Ij-J

(of people);

Sj^j

blood group
(on

mizlaqa

nuwdWg*

sleigh,

sledge, Bld;

toboggau

jUj zammr player


strument), piper

a wind in-

JV>'I inzilq slipping, sliding, skidding; skiing; skating

jUj zammra, zummra

pl.^Uj
to

to

mmlr1
jJ>. munzaliq: jl>*
1

(eg.)

a wood-wind instrument oon-

<~>l>

sliding

door

sisting

of

two
|

pipes,
jlJVl

related
*jL*J
z.

the

Jj

zalam

pl.fV.jl

azlm arrow without


divination

clarinet; siren

aUin^r

head and
***j)j

feathers, used in

waraing siren
jUj-

mixmr single-pipe wood-wind

zullma,

zama

pl.

JVj

zailim*

instrument resembling the oboe

trunk (of an elephant)

jj*y mazmr
-j

pl. j**lj*

mazmxr1 psalm
(seaport in

zarnnta

u (zamm) to
to

tie

up, fasten, tighten


{* s.th.)
j

(* s.th.); to truss
(bi-anfihi)

up

*iiL

jr^jl

mir1

Izmir,

Smyrna

fj

tum up
on a camel)

one's

nose,

be

Turkey)
ijAj

superoilious II to bridle {* a camel), put

zumurrud emerald
ts*j*j

the bridle
>L.j

(*

zumumtdl
to

emerald(-oolored)
roll

zimm
nose

pl. 1>j\

azimma camel
f>J zamzama
to

halter,

rope of the camel; rein,

rumble,

(thunder)

bridle; halter;

day book; regia ter; ground,


his superviaion,
z.

murmur
r>j zamzam copious, abundant (esp. Zemzem, name of a well in Mecoa
zamzamiya water
flask,

land
his

<*L*y

under

under

direction;

^-Vl fUj
*jl

al-amr reins
to hold the
in oontrol

water) ;

of power; ^-Vl
reins of

J* ^^J

power in one's hand, be


al-kufon to seize

4~*j^j

canteen;

of power, wield power; O-l fUj Jj tewatt


z.

thermos bottle
*J*j

the reins of

zamzama

pl.

fjUj zamzim*

roll

power, assume power

of thunder; roar of a lion

J-3
Juj zamafa to escape,
slip

382

away

sitory;

seoolar
fuse;

1-uj

pUl mines with


(funfrula)

time

mJ

II

and IT to determine

(J#, * on), deoide,


s.th.)

V*j

iLJ

time

bomb
jUj
seotdar zamtfni temporal, time; worldly,
passing,
transient,

resolve, **j*

be determined (J#, * to do

muzmr

determined, resolved;

the

earthly;

transitory;

munrta' and

4,1

forthooming, prospective
. . .

*> deoided; ixnminent; 4i* jil yjll


|

oi-mu' tamar al-m.


is

'aqdvli

/{

luj xamanlya and oLj <**'JW


period of time, given time
ilLj

conferenoe whieh
following dato)
1

to be beld on (with

xamna ohronio

fllneas

J.j III to
(*)

keep

s.o.)

Company, be

s.o.'s

j*jlived ;

muzmm
old,

lasting, endoring, long*

oompanion, be a colleagae or asso

deep-seated,

in veterate

cdate (j
( s.o.)

of 8.0, in

s.th,); to

aooompany

ohronio
j+*j xamhara to

VI to be oomrades, be olose oom-

beoome

red, flushed, blood-

panion*

shot IV j+*jl maAarra do.


party,
pl.

*Lj
J~*j

mJa
zam

oompany

(of people)

^ _^*j zamAarfr

bitter oold, severe frort


(insect)

^uj

rumoT 1 oompanion,
j tanna u (xann) to buzz, drone j xann bnzx(ing), drone

orony, assooiate, oomrade; oolleague; ao-

oomplioe
*L*j zamtia pl.

hU (woman) oompanion;

bj zana'a to be
restriot,

limited, be restrioted, be

(woman)
*JL-J

oolleague; Bister ship

eonfined, be curbed, be suppressed II to

zamla comradeship; oolleague|

keep within boands, beset, harry,

ship; fellowship

-Lp L.J (tftnbiya)


(tr.)

drive in a corner (J# s.o.)

soholarship, stipend

juJ II taxanbara to display proud, haoghty

J-.J1

izmti pl. J^ljl ozdmtf1 ohisel

mannen

(J toward

s.o.)

j*j tamina a (1LJ zamdna) to be ohronioally


Hl

jj-jj tunbr

pL jyUj

tanbir* hrnet

IV to stay long, remain

v * * pl<*)

iljuj zanbarak, xunburuk, zunburak pl. tiLUj

to last long; to be ohronio (disease)

xandoi^

(metal)

spring;

spiral

spring;

azmdn time; period, tretch of time; dnration; U-j zatmnwn for aome time
j*j zaman pL
jL-jl

oock (of a

rifle, etc.)

jjj zonoo?
Uly; ins

(ooll.j n.
{bot.)

nn.

) pl.

jiUj wuJWg*

oj

zamana period of time


pl.

D ilUj

xanbalik

1 ju j

j*J zamm, Jmj zamfn


ohronioally
OL-J
ill

J*j xamn

jsJj ranMJ, siotf pl. j^l'j xanObfP basket

made
zamn
pl. i*jl

of palm leaves

tununa time; dn|

ration; fortune, fate, destiny


for

OLj ^*
a
while;

tfjliJj zttUdrl dysentery

aome time

(past), for quite


4iL>J

OLjll bis

J* always, ever;

J*l oAJ c.

^j

xanj, zinj (coli.)

pL jij xunj Negro(ei)


(adj.

oontemporaries
cofrumi

yij smjf, cmjf Negro


time
(adj.)

and

n.)

^j

temporal,

jLfj

xanjabr* Zansibar (island

and seaport

worldly, earthly; passing, transiant, trn-

off

African coast)

383

->j

J^j

zanjabil ginger

jJL'j

zini zinc
virago, termagant

\^j zanjara

to

flip,

anap (with the fingere)

o>cJ zannuzn&z
-j j

'jUj zinjr verdigris


jjuf-j

zanlm low, despised, ignoble,


bastard; Btranger, Outsider

mean

zunjufr, zinjafr cinnabar


<->l-*-

sfj zinjir pl. _r>-Uj zanjir* chain jg- double-entry bookkeeping


fj zanika a {zanak) to turn rancid fj zanijf rancid, rank
oJJ

Jj zan

jj, Uj zinan, Uj zn') to

oommit

adultery, fornicate, whore


<Jj

zinan adultery; fornioation


zt'n'

Uj
jlj

adultery; fornioation
pl. !ljj

znin

zunh

fornicator,

zand m. and

f.,

pl.

jJ zind, jjjj zund

adulterer
*J'j

stick of a fire drill,

a primitive device
zind
(pl. ajjj

for

kindling
fire

fire;

by

extension, the whole


zunt2)

zmya

pl.

uljj zawnin

whore,

drill;

zand,
(of

harlot; adulteress
uj zahada a, zahida a

ulna (anat.); forearm


jlJJ

and zoAiu&j u (zuAd)


je-, *),

zind

pl. Aijl

aznida

fire
|

steel;

to abstai (j Crom, also

renounoe,

cock,

hammer

rifle, etc.)

jUjJI _/t

ajar az-zind

flint

abandon, forsake (j s.th., also je-, *), withdraw (j, * from), refuse to have
anything to do with (j,
*)
|

LioJl

jajj II tazandaqa to be
atheist

a freethinker, an

.uj

(dunya) to renounoe pleasure in worldly


things,

become an
life II

aaoetic, lead
{ s.o.)

a pious,
to with-

aJj zandaqa atheism


Ji-lij zindiq pl. <*.>Uj

ascetio

to induoe

zandiqa zendik,

draw or abstain (j from); to


()
(

spoil s.o.'s

unbeliever, freethinker, atheist

pleasure
*

in

(j),

arouae

&
to

dislike

in s.o. for)

to practioa asceticism,

^J

II: Ij Jl

j-'j

(6i- a*nAi)

to glare at s.o.

withdraw from the world


little,

deem

jUj

zunndr

and

jUj

zunnra

pl.

insignificant, trifling, small

^JJ zannir*
traverse band
<i_>j

belt, girdle; sash;

band or

o*j zuhd (voluntary) renunciation (j

rope worn around the waist; cross Btripe,

of s.th.);

indTerence

(J

to,

esp.

to

worldly thinga); abstemiousness, abstiprison cell


(.)

zinzna

pl. -i

nence; asceticism
asceticism

LjjJI

AmJ\ (dunyd)

iX/J

zanzalakt China tree (Melia


bot.)

azedaJ-*J

zahid

little,

low, moderate (esp.

rach;

price), insignifioant, paltry, trifling, small; ijlkij zinfrlya

dysentery
to tighten, conatrict (m
(*

little,

a small

amount

(j* of

Jij zanaqa
s.th.);

(zanq)

jUj zahda smallness, lowness, moderateness

to

hobble

an animal)

II

to

keep on ahort rations, scrimp (J* b.o.)> be atingy, tight-fisted (J* toward)

o*> tazahhvd ascetioism,

life

of retire-

ment devoted to the


ulj zahid
abstinent,
cetic
pl.

serrioa

of

God

Uuj zanaqa {magr. zanqa)

pl. Jjj

zinaq

jUj zuhhid abstemiouflt


Belf-denying;

narrow

atreet, lane, alley,

dead-end street

continent,

u-

JUJ zindq neckband,

collar

>J
j*j zoAarer a
light,

384

(jyj

suAtir)

to shine, give

j*\j zhir shining, luminous, radiant,


brilliant; bright

be radiant IV to glow, gleam,


shine; to blossom, be in
flower)

glare,

bloom

j*j* mtuhir blooming, in bloom; shining,

(plant,

Till j**j\

itdaham to

luminous, bright

shine brightly, be radiant; to blossom,

be in bloom; to
j*j zahr

flourish, proaper, thrive

<Ji*j zdkafa

a (ijyj xuhf): Ojl!

Jl

Ji*j

to be on the verge of death


(coli.; n.

Vin

<Jt*ajl

un.

*) pl. j_^*j

tuhr,

o,il Jl do.

j*j\ ozAur, jl>jl axJir, j*\j\ <uhir* t j+\j\

aihlr* flowere; blossoms;


(also -U.U.I y.j)
|

j*j

oast iron
z.

O^WI
J)jti\

o^-fd/f
2. <rf-

Jj zaAo?a a {zdhq, Jyj uAg) to die, pass away, run out, oome to nothing; Cftj
4-ij

pansy; ^Jlj*j primrose; J-Jl


r

^j
z.

(na/*uA)

and

4*-jj iij (rflAwAfl)

asal honeysuokle;

j*j

al-lulu*

to give

up the
a.th.)

ghost, die; to weary, be-

daisy; ^j)1 L orange-flower water


jj

come
(j*

tired (j* of s.th.),

be diBgusted

with

IT to bring about the


(*)
;

zaAra

(n.

un.)

pl. -St

flower,

ruin or downfall of s.th.

to destroy,
,^-iJl

bloesom; splendor, beauty


annihilate
j*j xuhra brilliancy, light, brightnesa;
(*
s.th.);

(rjj\)

Jjl

to be disgusting, be revolting

beauty

J--*)l

yj bluing
Venus
j^l^l

Jyj
vanish

xahQq dying, passing, bound to

yjJI oz-ruAara the planet


tSjtj

xuhari

ByphJlis

iyy

>j nthm

offensive smell
fetid

venereal diseases
~o
m

*j zahim malodorous,
flower vase

j>j zuhriya

pl. -5*

*>j zuhtna offensive smell


<>j*j

jl>j zoAAdr Aorist

zuhma

offensive smell

tfjlyj zahrwf gay, merry,


(person)

oheerful

(_H>J) l*J

zoAd u (zahw) to blossom, flower,

be in bloom; to grow, thrive; to shine


brightly,

j*j\ azhar* shining, luminous, radiant,


brilliant; bright;

be radiant, glow, gleam; to

(elative)

more

ra-

give

o.s. airs, o.s.


(<_

be haughty, oonceited; to
upon, both in a favorable
aense) ; pass.
(<_>

diant

ul^j^/l sun
^.U-l

<""* jyi\

and moon; j*ji\ a*UAI Azbjtf'Mosque and

pride

and a pejorative
on), boast

^j

zuKiya

niTersity in Cairo
tSj>j\

to be proud, conoeited
(<_ (<_

of), pride o.s.


(<_

of),

azhari of or pertaining to AI
(pl.

vaunt

s.th.)

Aznar;

-n)

Azhar Student
_f\j* mazdhir* anoient

IT to hlosaom, flower, be in bloom; to


grow, thrive; to give
o.s.

airs,

be con-

j>y mizhar

pl.

ceited,

be boastrul Till ^*j\ izdah and

Arabio variety of the lute; (now pro-

pass. uzdvhiya to

be

self-satisfled,

00mto
ac(<_>

nounoed mazhar) a kind of tambourine

placent,

conoeited,

proud;

izdah
(<-

shine
*lj*j* mazhariya flowerpot

(<_

at, in s.th.),

have

an

oomplishment)
of
s.th.),

to show; to
(<->

boast

vaunt

s.th.)

j*j

tazhir

bloom, floreeoenoe

j*j zahw and 2uAu> bloom, florescenoe


jl>jl izh&r florescenoe

splendor;

beauty;

pride;

haughtiness,

jUjijl

izdihr flourishing, floreeoenoe,

arrogance ; vanity, a vain or futile thing


or things; fun, play,

bloom, beyday

amusement

385

*SJ
marital,

aj xahly brilant, splendid, magnificent, gorgeous,

^/f-j

ziji

matrimonial, eon-

sumptuouB

jugal, connubial

Uj zah' radiance, brillianoy, splendor


ruAd'a Uj zuW number, amount roughly, about, some (with foll. flgure)
;

Vrjj
riage

zaujiya

pl. -t

matrimony, mar-

aj\ azh

more

flourishing;

prouder,

p-l j zawj marriage j* with) wedding j ( matrimony, wedlock r^jfl ***-j woA; |

dat az-z.

monogamy
mizwj frequently marrying
marrying
off (of

more coneeited
r-ljj-

Uijl izdih' bloom, floreaoenoe, flourishing; heyday; shining; gUttering, splenjf.jj tazwij
1

a woman,

dor, radiance;

pride (both in a favor-

-to)
r-ljj ziwj doubling, duplication; par-

able and a pejorative sense)


Ij

zhin shining,

brilant,

radiant,

allelism (rhei.)
y-jl^.

resplendent; glowing; splendid, gorgeous,


magnificent, gaudy, beautiful
_>j-

muzwaja pairing, coupling,

cloee

union (of two things)


haughty,

mazhw proud

(uj of);

tjj tazawwuj marriage


r-jly

superoiliouB,

vainglorious; cooky, over-

tazvruj intermarriage

bearing
r}j*j\ itdiwj pairedness, doubleness;

ijj Bee gj
l

O
u
> s.th. with),
B.th.);

coupling

(d.)
|

^j*

^j*j\

(daribi)

rjj

to pair, couple (^. or


in

double taxation
tj'j- mutazatuwij married
p-jjj(e.g.,

join

pairs

or couples (*

to

double, geminate (* B.th.); to employ

muzdawij double, twofold, two-

paraUelism
in

(rhei.);
(,

to

marry

off,

give

of a raUroad: two-track)

marriage

u.j^U
join
in

agirltos.o.) III to
in paraUel

form a pair or oouple; to uae


conatruction,

'r'j look

up alphabeticaUy

pair

(jw two
(

words,

rhei.);

to marry, join in wedlock,

cjj)

^}j zha

(j)

j-lj

zha

unite in matrimony (j

J%

8 -- with)

ijj II to Bupply with proviaions


vision (a
s.o.

s.o.),

Pro-

V to
(-t

get married
'

(,>., uj,

J*,

with),

marry

with); to provide, supply,


s.o., B.th.

pair,

V J* * B -) TI to intermarry; to oome together forming a pair, be


be double, appear twice

equip
(u*

(uj *,

with); to
(-

endow
(

s.o.

with); to enrich

* s.th. with)
s.o.)

in pairs, be double VIII pjjjl izdawaja to


pair, be in pairs,

IV to supply with provisions

to be supplied (with provisions); to

rjj zauj pl. r'jJ' oxwj one of a pair; husband; wife; mate, partner; couple, pair (also, e.g., of shoes); dual uU-jj
oouple

take along provisions (on a journey);


to learn
(j-.

from
equip

s.o.);
o.s.

to provide
(i~>

o.a.,

supply
jlj

o.a.,

with)

zd

pl. jlj jl

azwd,

j jl

azvrida

VjJ

xauja

pl. -SA

wife

provisions, supplies, stores

\jtj zija marriage,

wedding
paired; double;

iljj xawd provisions


jljj jjj*

jtjj
(tennis)

zauji in

pairs,

zuwwda provisions
mizwad
pl. ijlj-

marital, matrimonial, eonjugal; doubles

mazwieP,

Jj'j-

mazaid* provision bag, haversack

>*J
li\j

mazda provision bag, haversaok


tazwid

jtjjjl

izwirr

turning away; averae-

neaa, aversion, dialike, distaate

jjj
of ),

supply,

purveyanoe
(i~>

(y

proviaion,

equipment

with)

J\j z'ir
gueat

pl.

-n, j\j j zuwur,

f.

\j\j

manning

(of ahips)

zd'ira pl. -t,

jjj zuunoar

viaitor, caller,

ljS\j pl. jjljj 806 -bj

Jj> iMuawurid
plier,

jj j* mazr viaited
pl.

-n oontraotor, aupvictualer,

fumiaher,

purveyor,

jjj muzatowar forged, false, counterfeit;

caterer

obtained
pl.
|

by

swindle, faked

Jj>
armed

muzatawad

provided,

supplied,
(<->

jjj j zauraq
launch;

jjlj j zatoriq* boat, row-

furoished

(^

with); equipped

with);
(^

boat, skiff

jjU: jjjj
z.

(buJfri)

ateam

(v with

guns);

connected
(_j

0Jl Jjjj

a-faid fiahing boat;

with), attended,
(jj j) jlj zra
( s.o.), call

accompanied

by)

UJI Jjjj z.an-najh lifeboat;

Jjjj

t^-U torpedo boat

u
(

(zaur, jIj j ztydra) to viait


s.o.),

( on
(*

pay a

viait

to);

(j-jj) jjj

z&ga

{zaug,

Ujj

zatoagn) to

to

affiict

s.o.)

II to

forge,

falsify,

turn aaide, depart, deviate (j* from),


awerve; to deviate from truth, to swindle;
aee also ij j TI to
*
lj

counterfeit

s.th.);

to fake, aimulate

TI to exchange

viaitB

IX to
o.s.
*j

tum

aride,

tum

aaide, swerve

tum
s.o.

away, dissociat

(je-

from); to

be averse (j* to

s.th.);
s.o.

jjjl to turn

look up alphabetically
(60*.)

away, alienate
() viait

(j* from)

to

jj zf', jjj zf hysaop


1

deaire a.o.'a

Jj j

II to adorn,

embelah, ornament, dec-

jjj zaur Upper part of the ohest;


throat
|

jjjll

^T sore

orate (* s.th.); to picture, viaualize (*

throat
|

a story, in one's imagination)


oL#-i

jj j zur

lie,

untruth; falaehood

Jlj j zawq embelliahment, adorn ment,

jjj\ Sahdat az-z, false teatimony

oraamentation decoration; finery,


;

attire;

jjj zur foroe jjj


alant;

jjj\> by

force, forcibly

faoe painting, make-up, ooametics

zawar

inolination,

obliquenesa,
perfidy,

3jj

muzawwaq adorned,

embelliahed,

crookedneas;

falseneaa;

ornamented, decorated;

florid,

flowery

inaidiouaneaa ; aquint

(apeeoh) ; dreaaed up, meretricioua, ahowy,

gaudy
jjj zaura (n. vic.)
Ij\j j

pl. -t

viait,

call
1

ziyra pl. -dt viait; call (social, of a

Jjj'Ji JjJ'J 1^ U P alphabetically


lj

doctor)

(Jjj and Jjj) J


azwar*,
f.

zdla (Ist pers. perf. zultu)

jjj

Ijj j

zavr'',

pl.

jjj

(Jljj zawl) to go away, withdraw (j*

zur inolined, slanting, oblique; crooked,

ourved; squint-eyed, oroaa-eyed


j\j

or ,> from), abandon, leave (j* or j. s.o. or s.th.); to diaappear, vaniah; to abate,

calm down, die down, oome to an end;

mazr

pl. -t

place

which one

to go down, set;

(Ist pers. perf. ziltu)


|

visita; ahrine,

aanotuary
|

(za) to oeaae (with uegationa only)

of

j_jj olx-JI

taxtir forgery, falaification

yjj"

Jjj:

i_

,-^-H

Jlj

(gadab)

bis

wrath

(aanadi) falsification of doc-

abated; JyrjJI

uments

&
vifo

Jlj to cease to exiat;

of JiJ:

neg.

J'J

J>.

(*

387

iSJ

(yazal), Jlj_

yet":

V quivalent to <UI cJj L (a/'aivAti)


it,

Engl,
I

"still,

L*-jJjj zljiyd zoology

have not
fjrjijj z&lji zoologio(al)

oeased to do Lt Jlj

I (am)
still

still

do(ing) it;

L he

ia

standing;

Jlj

L
in,
is

(fjJ) f'J
II to
jjj

*&ma

(?*)

to growl, anarl (dog)

he has not oeased to be or to remain he


is
still

mumble, mutter
rfim pl.
jljjl

in; 4JI **-Uit,

Jl> V he
it; Jl

azwdm

juioe,

still

in need of

aap

he

still

needs

> V
1

bim
(*

<* jTi J (jtfcrm) he still remembers II Jjj zawwaia to remove, eliminate


e.th.);

o\j, Jlj look

up

alphabetically

Jjj zayyala to separate


soatter
(*
s.th.)
s.th.)

'jljj ziwdn, zutvn


iijj

= uljj

(q.v.)

break
III Jjlj
o.s.,

up,

disperse,

zato

to contract, wrinkle, knit (* the eyebrows); to remove (*


conoeal (* s.th.)
[

zwaia to puraue {*
o.s.

devot
zdyaia

apply

(*

to);

s.th., e.g.,

Jjlj

s.th.); to hide,

U ^jj

to separate, part

(*, *

from), leave, quit,


s.th.);

JL*

JV

('ainaihi)

he knitted his eye-

abandon
(0
s.th.)

(*,
|

s.o.,

to separate

brows, he frowned (in anger, and the


like) IX

jUI

Jjlj to

move out of the

and V to withdraw into a


seclusion, retire VII do.
;

corner,

houae, leave the house IV to cause to


oease or stop,
(* s.th.); to

go into
to

to keep
|

make disappear or vanish


s.th.), s.th.),

o.s., live

in seclusion or retirement
I

remove, eliminate {*

-lU

j
I

tsj'j

(jiidihl)

to crawl mside
like)

o.s.

put an end (* to
s.th.),

do away

(*

with

(out of Bhame,
lj>

and the

make a

olean sweep (* of s.th.)


tnzttoT

VI JjJ> tazyala to be disjointed, incoherent; to pass away, oease, stop

retirement,

seolusion,

isolation
jjlj

Jjj xaul
phantom,

pl.

Jlj jl aztel person, body,

zwiya
angle

pl.

Lljj zawyd

oorner,

figure; nightly apparition, speoter, ghost,


spirit

nook;

(iruh.);

small

mosque,

prayer room; (North Afr.) a small oupolaed

moeque ereoted over the tomb of a


Jljj zawl end, passage,
extinction,

Muslim

saint,

with teaching
it,

faoilities

and
the
1

disappearance, vanishing, oeasation; setting (of thesun);


eral,

a hospioe attached to
establishment of

usually

noon

JljjJi ;_,-

ephemin the

religious

order

evanescent, fleeting; Jljjli

.u>

U.1
*rjU-'l

Zj\
z-z.

(hdda) aoute angle;

hjS
mu*
jl j)l
j

afternoon ;

jjJI

x* around noon, by
meridian
*LJI

ezternal angle; LljjJI ^jLi.

noon;

JljjJi

it- ifaff az-z,

tastvi

equiangnlar ;

V>JJ

Jljj zawll: Jljj

<**\J\

at

(munfarija)

obtuse angle;

Ul

ijljJI

four o'clock in the afternoon, at four p. m.


*Jj j zliya
pl.

right angle; jjljJl

hajar az-z. corner -

stone;

Jljj zawli

(i>.,

savd.)

l=* Lljj j, (muktalifa) from


(i.e.,

knotted rg
jj* mizwala
-Jjljpl. Jjlj*

dferent angles

aspeots)

maiwiP sundial
(of
s.th.),

jjw munzawin
the-way; obsoure
iSJ

seclusive, seoluding; re-

tired, secluded; outlying,

remote, out-of-

muzwala

pursuit

application (to); aasiduous study; praotice (of


Jljl

aome work, of a

profeasion)

(Jj,

Ij

j zayyd to dress, clothe, ooetume


in)

izdia removal, elimination

(v
eva-

s.o.

(j>, L>" tazayy to dress,

put on a dress or cos turne; to dress up,

Jjlj

zd'

transitory,

passing,

smarten
(>->

o.a.

up; to be dressed, be olad


(>_>

nesoent, fleeting, ephemeral, short-lived

in),

wear

s.th.)

iSJ
zuyA, U j zaya* ( j) ^'J zAa * (zatA, Aan) to go away, depart, leave IT to

tJ

tiyy

pl. Ij jl

azy* olothing, dress,

^j

apparel,

attire ;

uniform ;

outward

appearanoe, make-up; oostume; style of


dreaa,

remove, drive away, banish

(* s.th.),

do

manner of

dreaaing; faahion; ex|

away with
a
veil, eto.,

(*); to

take away (*

s.th.);

terior, guise,

form, shape

JloJ-I

jjJl

J*

to pull away, throw baek {* a ourtain,

fashionable, modish, stylish

j* from

s.th.)
|

j*

fliDI

*>[)!

to reveal, disclose s.th.

Jli/ j* jb-Jl

*-ljl

jj j zaibag
cury
c-j

(= jJJ

iCta^) quicksilver, mer-

(tim$l) to unveil

a monument VII to go

away, depart, leave; to be pulled away,


oil, lubrioate,

j II to

grease (* a machine,
oil {*

be thrown back (ourtain)

and the like); to add


c-j j

to

some

food)

lih pl.

L jl azyh

(etraight) line

za
oil,

pl.

motor

eto.)

&jij ruyt oil (edible, fuel, jU- Cj j (Aan*) linseed


|

r}ij zayyh
5*-ljl

pl. -dt religious

prooession
j

izdlJM

removal, abolition

i*-ljl

oil; _>L- c-j

j (AuZw) sweet
C>jL\
jjJ-'l

oil, oil

free

of

jb^Jt unveiling (of a


ilj zdaVz
(SjIjJ

monument)
ziyda)
to

hydrogen

sulfide;

c-jj

2.

ai-At
(4jj)
*

cod-veroil;

dj jz.aJ-tru*oaator
oil;

become
inorease,

oil; iiJLJl C-jJ


***il)l

z.as-samak ood-liver
;

greater,

beoome more, grow,

c-jJ lubrioating oil; pl -aT^1fl

Cj j

be compounded, multiply; to be greater, be more, amount to more (j* or Je than), exceed ( j* or J* a.th., an amount, o> by), go beyond an amount or number (J*);
to augment, increase,

fuel oil; jLJl

jj

z.

al-gz kerosene

Jj j

zaiti oily, oil (adj.), oil-bearing


S-iJ 5^-jJ (jrra,

ViJ

j^-* or

lauAa) oil

painting

Compound (* s.th.)> make (* s.th.) grow or increase to step up,


;

oL j
olive(s)

zayyt

oil dealer,
(coli.; n.
-u-l

oilman
!)

raise (j-, * s.th., J! * s.th. to); to

add

>J zaiin
|

un.

olive tree;
az-z.

(Jp * (Jp

s.th. to); to

add,

make

additions

djj

ahad

Palm

to),

enlarge (Je s.th.); to extend,


in-

Sunday (CAr.); j J-*Mount of Oves (Jerusalem)

expand, further, advance, promote,


/oooZ az-z. tensify
(

or ,> s.th.);
|

to give
-Ij>
^/

more
no he

(a m to s.o. of a.th.) Jy j zaitna (n. un.) pl. -dj olive tree;

J*

it is

more than
added
Ol (in

..., it is

only

...; ^*lj ilj

olive

*j_fy

a*V

the Zaitouna Moeque


in Tunis)

speeoh followed
(zf) (prop.
:

by quotation)
it

(large

moeque and university

ii J* jj

add to

that

.)

Jji j zaiHJnl olivaceous, olive-colored,


olive-green; (pl.
-fin)

in addition to that there is .... what's

student of the Great

more, there
^1*
it,

is

. .

. ;

furthermore, moreover
teil s.o.

Moeque of Tunis
3Jy j zaitniya, i-iy jll
.u-l

*jtj

(*man) to
s.o.

more about

supply

with

more Information
higher bid

aAod

az-z.

II to increase,

augment, Compound, make


(

Palm Sunday

(Cop(.-CAr.)
oil

grow
s.o.),

III to

make a
( s.o.;

than

j*

mozyala

can, oiler

outbid

at an auetion)

increase; to rise, go

up

(prioes); to

V to make
be

c-;> muzayyat oiled

additions,

add embellishments of oue's


(in telling s.th.); to
|

V.j

2*7

leveling

line

(used

by masone);

own, exaggerate

ephemeris, astronomioal almanao

long-winded, verbose

j-,

J*JI

j*

Jj.>~

j*n ('Um, ma'rifa) to aoquire additional

ifj

zija

and

rf;i see

rfj

knowledge, increase one's knowledge VI to

389

jiJ
Juir with many,
bi-m.
il-asaf

outbid one another; to increase gradually,

many thanks; .Jt-^l

-^x

be

growing;

to

beoome more

with the greatest regret;

intense, intensify; to

beoome more and


s.th.)

^Llj^l Jj^x with extreme satisfaotion;


*d> t>

more, exceed more and more (j*

^ lt^

**

"

unflurpaasable,

it's

VIII i\ij\ izdda to grow, be growing,


increase,

not to be outdone
JjI> nvuzyada pl. -dt auction, publio
sale

be

compounded,

multiply
|

K jbjl

(buk'an) he

wept more and


for

more X to demand more, ask


go up with
one'fl

more,
Jj>

demands; to try to

tazayyud
one's

exaggeration

(in

re-

achieve more; to aim or work at an


increase, expansion or extension {* of);

porting),

own

embellishments or

additions, fables, yarn

to ask

( s.o.)

to give

more of s.th.

ul> tazdyud
crement, growth
jljjjl

(gradual)

increase,

in-

^j-b^il

az-zaidlya a Shiitie group form-

ing en)

an independent common wealth ( Yem-

izdiyd increase,

growth,

rise,

intensification

y_ az-zuyd the Zaidites, adherents


of the Zaidiya soct

ol>-(
pursuit

istizda

a striving

for

more;

of

an

increase,

expansion or
|

Lj
cretion,

ziyda increase, increment, ac-

extension; desire or requeet for more

growth surplus, overplus, excess


;

Oj>J. otjwl jj
din) there
is

|1

(yabqa,

li-mustazf-

increase, augmentation, raising, Btepping

nothing to be added, nothing


eaid about it
increasing,

up;

enhancement,

elevation,

intensifi-

more need be
Oj
I

cation; extra pay, allowance (in addition

zaid

growing ;

ex-

to the salary); addition; iL j ziydatan


in addition, additionally
|

cesaive,

immoderate; exceeding
(je|

(je- s.th.),

j* jLj (ziy*
in excess
Jj

in excess

of)

additional, extra, super-

datan) over
of;

and above, beyond,

numerary

i^-U-l je- a*lj

more than nec-

regardless of; aside from; ijlj


jt.

essary, surplus
S-Jijz'Japl. -Jljjxau'f appendage,

hammalah z. 'an iahammulihl he loaded him with more than he could


carry;
over,
births;
dJii

*L^

J*

jljj
-JL-JI^J.1

(ziydatan)
SjL J
(*4h)

moreof

appendix
(med.)
<l*j j
|

(anal.,

zool.,

bot.);

outgrowth
i.Jlj

beaides;

excess

*j~

iJjlj

(mi'awiya) and

rLi^l *^.J
it

Order to
eluci-

(ddiya)

vermiform

appendix

make
dation
- j l

even clearer, for further

(anat.)

xAj* muxyid

pl.

-n bidder, outbidder

azyacP

more

excessi ve,

higher,

(at

an auction)
Bteadily

greater, bigger
*\y*

bljU mutazyid
auction, public Bale
l

increasing,

mazd

pl. -t

swelling

ijj*

excess,

mazld an exceeding (J# of s.th.); superabundance high degree,


;

jj

II (mor.)

to close <* a button)


azyr,

large extent; utmost,


foll.

maximum;

Vj

2*"

pl. jLj jl

jLj

zt'yr (ep.,

mojf.)

(with

large,

almost oonical

jar,

made

of porous

genit.) excesaive, extreme, utmost,

clay, for storing

water

highest, greatest, Superlative ; pass. partic.

of

increased, etc. ; the derivative stems

Vj

zir

the highest string of stringed in-

of the verb {gram.)


|

^^Ul -^e

bi-m. -

strumenta (mus.)

JiJ
un.

390

jj

ziz (ooll.; n.

) pl.

u\jjzizn cioada;

Hif J) zna
s.th.)
II

(zain)

to decorate, adorn {*

chry Balis
jij j zaizafn jujube (Zizyphus; bot.) ; linden
tree
1

to adorn, deoorate, embellish,


(* s.th.); to
(* s.o.)
;

ornament
s.th.) ; to

graoe

(*,

s.o.,

Bhave

I4J C-IjJ (nafaah)


(lady); to paint in

to

make

herself

up

{mj)

Hj

zdga

(zaig,

ulijj

zayagn) to

glowing tones, present in a favorable


light, extol
(<J,

turn aside; to depart, deviate (j* from);


to swerve; to turn
one's

Jl m B.th. to b.o.); to con-

away (j*

from), turn

jure

up

{* B.th., (*

J before
of
s.th.,

s.o.'

eyes),
s.o.'s

back (j* on); to wander, Btray, roam (eyes) IT to cause (* s.th.) to deviate
|

create

visiona

J in

mind), lead
to give (J

b.o. (J)

to believe (ul that);


(jl to

*_

rmi J Mj
t

{bafarah) he looked

s.o.)

the idea
b.o.

do

s.th.),

past me, he snubbed

me

suggest (jl J to
decorated,

to do B.th.)
;

to be

be adorned

to

dreas

up,
o.a.;

mj

zai

and Im j zayagn a turning


|

smarten

0.8.

up, spruce up, preen

aside; deviation, departure (jt from)


i\ju*j j

to shave, get a shave Till IajI iidna

j (aadd) erring and doing right,

to

be decorated, be adorned;

to

be

wrong and right


jIj z'ig

graoed
jr

deviating, divergent; false,


|

zain

beauty

beautiful,

nice,

wrong, distorted, perverted


(nazart)

UJlj *\JmJ

pretty

wandering glances
<* j zina
pl. -t

embellishment, adornat-

Mj

look

up

alphabetically

ment, ornament, deooration; olothes,


tire,

finery; toilette

ij-jll

<-*j

z.

al-wajh

(Ju j) Jilj zfa

(zaif)

to be false, be spuhous

make-up; ojll ~u bau


shop
ojJI
;

az-z.

beauty
trees

II to counterfeit (* (* s.th.) to

money); to declare

*-i-jjfl

jLitf

ornamental

be false or spurious
pride;
(pl.

oULj nabtt az-z. ornamental plante


u\jm-

Juj
zuyf)
terfeit

zaif falseness;
false,

Jy_ j

ijjJI
<ijj]l

kuivdn

az-z.

dressing

table;

spurious,

forged,

coun-

*ij* gurfat az-z. dressing

room

jL j zayn
falser,

beautiful

Ju jl azyaf*

more spurious
coun-

OL j ziyn embellishment, adomment,


decoration; ornament

Ju>" tazyif
terfeiting

falsification, forgery,

Lj
false;

zi'ydna barber's

or

hairdresser's

Ju\j zSif
spurious
|

forged, counterfeit,

trade

Jlj jL*-l false reports; sy

CnJ

tazyxn adorning, decoration, orna-

Uu\j counterfeit

money
forger, oounterfeiter

mentation; make-believe, sham, pretense


lf

<Ju> muzayyif

mwayyin

barber, hairdresser

*Ju> muzayyaf forged;


false,

counterfeit,

^ymuxayyan decorated,
adorned
jl-ij*
(-*

ornamented,
with)

spurious; pseudo-

with); graoed

(_j

*jj

j II (eg.) to creak, screeoh


zlq
pl.

muzdn decorated, ornamented,


[>~>

adorned
"jjj

with); graced

(<~>

with)

JL jl tuyg
(of

collar,

neckband;

border,
(JiJ) Jlj

hem

a garment)

jlj look up

alphabetically

and

II, III,

VI see Jjj

j&j zinkO

zlnc

,L

aa

shortened form of

au/o

(q.v.)

request

taaa"ala

and J^_j tasatvwala


o.a.;

to beg VI to ask; to ask


LjL- atn satin

to ask one

r-L- a; pl.

U>r*

**7<> tt

teak, Indian oak

another; (je) J* J.LJ to ask o.s. whether (about); to inquire (je about)

CjU-L- sjt castanets


JjL-

Jj*Jj--

su'l

demand, request, wish

da simple; piain, unicolored, uniform


|

sula demand, request, wish


pl. <il-l

(fabric)

oU

_^ (gaAuw) unaweetened

Jlj- sul

<w*a question (je


for);

coffee

about);

request

(je

inquiry (je

about); demand, claim


Jlt- sa*l given to asking
_/- aa'tra

questions,

a to remain, be
*u'r pl.

left

inquisitive, ourioua

j^-

jUl

cw'r rest, remainder,


(eap.

JjJ-- sa'l given to asking questions,


inquisitive, curious

remnant, leftover
eragea)

of food and bev-

Jt. {:

.)

mas'ala

pl.

JJl. nuuil'tl 1

jj* su'ra rest, remainder, remnant,


leftover
(esp.

question; issue, problem; matter, affair,


case; request

of food and

beverages);

vestige of youthful vigor

L_*
j-'U a'ir

muaaala questioning,

interroga-

remaining;

rest,

remainder;

tion

(with foll. det. genit.) all

dj-j tasawwul begging, beggary

jJULJl as-ssniyn the

Sassanidae,

JjLJ tasaul
questioning
JJL- s'il
pl.

(self-directed) question;

dynaaty of Persian kings (226651 A.D.)


jpL> sg sago

-n, Jlj-- t"7, *JU o'aio

jTU
jU

sk,

jTU sack
(J'_J--

coat, lounge jacket


*Jt mas'ala,
s.o. B.th. or

questioner; petitioner; beggar


Jj_| mas'l responsible, answerable,

sa'ala a
taa'l)

au'l,

JLJ

accountable (je

for)
pl. -7

to ask (je or * to inquiie (je


s.o.

about

s.th.);

of

s.o.

about);

LJji maa'liya
(* for)

responsibility

to ask (* j- or

for s.th.), requeat,


*

demand, claim
^1
s.o.

(* j* or

from

s.o. s.th.)

Jj-T. muia&awwil
:

pl.

-n beggar

jL- aaalah i to implore, adjure


that he
s.o. ...; *jL>-l

about
ask

eise;

**\j

Je jL- to ask JL- (ra'yah)


"lHj-*

jU

s.o.

am Shem
i/U *Sm*

(eldest son of

Noah)
-n)

to
<Jl
is

Semitic;

(pl.

Semite

s.o.'s

opinion, consult s.o.;

L.U^JI al-l-emiya anti-Semitiam


2

to ask s.o. a question; JI-j (yus'alu) he


reeponsible,

answerable (je

for)

III

to

L* saima a {A~> sa'm, i.L- sa'ma) to be

ask, question, interrogate


( s.o.)

( s.o.);

to call

weary, tired
fed

j- or * of

s.th.),

be bored,

to aecount IV *Jjs.o.'s

JUl

[m'lah)
s.o.'s

up

(j- or a with s.th.); to dislike,

to

fulfill

wish,

comply with

detest, loathe (jl

doing

s.th.),

have aD

,L
averaion (jl to doing s.th.) IT to oauae
or arouae weariness or to be the cause of s.th., be to blame
for
s.th.;
is

boredom

in s.o.)

Jl

^xJ\ -_,

(yarji'u)
...;

weary, bore

( s.o.)

reason
tired,

to be found in

v^'j

the

* sa'im weary,
rjj<!-

bored

tp.U-1

SjLJ-l (Howard) to adopt modern

sam

disgusted, weary, fed

up

civization; *>L-Ij *jI-I J^_j (asbbah) to join forcee with s.o.; Ju c*Uiu

v^VI

sa'ma weariness, disgust, bore-

relations

dom, ennui

w-

off, they no longer have anything in common; Sj-U jtLS Sdfarah asbba l-ma*
. .

between

are broken

sabba

vW

(sabb)

to insult,

abuse,

call

sarra to share

s.o. 's

joy

names, revile

( s.o.), rail (* at);

to ourae
i~*~ sababiya causality

s.o.);

to blaspheme, curse, swear II to


arouse, produce, bring
(*
s.th.),

oause, provoke,

V^ sabbb abuaer, vituperator,


*i

reviler

about,

effeot,

occaaion

give
l- sabbba index finger
pl.

ooeasion (* to s.th.) III to exchange insnlta or

abusire language

with

s.o.)

k_^ az&t
of hair
<?

-JL-

sab'ib*

Strand

to be caused, be produced (jp by),

be

the oonsequence or result (jp


arise, spring, result (jp

of), follow,

masabba

pl. -t vilification,

abuse,

from); to be the
{<_>

insult

reason or cause, be at the bottom

or
t_~uJ tasbib
Lato)
<_>

of),

be to blame (j
in)
;

for),

be instru-

mediate

causation

(Ist.

mental (J

to seek reasons or motivee

(Jl for s.th.); to

aooount, give a reason

L sibb abuse,

vituperation,

re-

or explanation (Jl for), justify, motivate


(Jl s.th.); to

vilement

use

(i_j

s.th.) as

a meana

(Jl for); to trade,

be in the retail business


call

il_ musbba
vile ment

abuse, vituperation, re-

TI to insult each other, names,


rail

one another

at each other VIII

= TI
insults,

*-!* mtwaWti
thor;

causer, originator, au-

w-*

sabb abuse, vituperation,

oLw musabbibt caueative faotors


{&
by)
|

oursing

i musabbab caused
-*il_r

^j-JI

sabba period of time, (long) while


*

(o) oause and effect

V* *&bax fV^H V* Week (Chr.)


-*

ol-lm Passion

ij!
tailer,

mu&wa66t& causer; cause;

re-

small storekeeper
eaba*

subba disgraoe, shame, dishonor


sabab
pl. v't**'

L. sab and L-

Sheba

^-bj Ijj

L-***

asbb rope, tent

(tpljj)

rf.

aiiya (ay&diya) sab they

rope; meana for obtaining s.th.; reason,


cause, motive, ooeasion (with
foll.

were acattered to the four winds


'L- sabnafr, sabnp spinach
,jL- aee

genit.
pl.)

or j: of); meana of subsistence; (esp.


relations

(between people)
*

j*TI

^^

^Lanny

main reason; &-I v't-'


ion O'ur.); *-'J' sdbabi because of,

al-hukm opin-

vW-l luxury; *-* Won aecount of, due to,

t^-jL- sabyis and ,j*L- a&SAi spahis, Alge-

rian natire cavalry in the French


x

by;

dJli

tj-jj

because of that, for that

C-w o&ato u to

rest; to

keep the Sabbath

reason, therefore; *J i-jJt S* (sababa)

IT to enter on the Sabbath

393

c-j-Jl

as-sabt
|

pl.

0_>~JI

o-ftu&J

Sab-

. masbah
ming pool

pl.

l~* nuudiA1 Bwim-

bath, Saturday
j_>JI <i-y
.

C-uJl fji

yawn

tw-. do.

an-nr Holy Saturday (Chr.)


slumber, aleep
|

'

mw&aAa
fau&

pl.

U* motf<S6tAs rosary
-,

oL- suMi lethargy;

JU utotf lethargio
(mu^i)
aiokness (med.)

jLJl Jk\

W
mo-

^oJ

pl.

^jLJ

taadbih*

glorification of
-il)

God

(by exclaiming

OU^-

encephalitis lethargica, sleeping

ijfc-J

fau&i/ia

pl. -t,

rflJ

taaMA 1

C-w
tionless
1

mus&i*

lethargio, inactive,

glorification

of

God

hymn, song of

praiae
pl.

*l-*--

a&a<

-&,

4i^>l

os&a basket
bot.)

**_? toabiha
f\** 6tA
ifca' 8

hymn, song of
-Un,

praise

*-

tW

dill

(Anethum graveolens;
September

pl.

^L-

vfcfcA,
|

U^
j

swimmer; bather

jtxit

j*z>~* sibtambir

lost in

thought
S&t'a glider, sailplane,

r,-- jjaiaj

jet

(mm.)

O
glider

VI

oargo

-w- sabaha a (sabk, **-L- tfeiAa) to


(j,

swim
II

in); tD float (fig.); to

spread

to

ol^U
*^
;

6A*

and

l_^

sawbih*

praise, glorify (*l aUaha, 4> Zt-U&t

God,

floating onea (epithet for race horsea)


-

by saying

tili

0Uw< subhdna Hh
(.-<

praiae
s.th.)
|

muM&6iAa index
glorification of

finger

the Lord!); to praiae, extol


-U*

(AamdiAi) to

eilig

b.o.'s praiae,

>w- sabkala
-- joafca

God
II do.

glorify

fl.o.

{sabk) to

be sound asleep

*- sabha
w*
*6oA.

(n. un.) pl.

a awim, swimming
aubuht,

to manure,

fertilize

(^j

!/!

al-arda the

svbha

CjUt-* the

land)

beada

of

Muslim

roaary;

er*

joafc

dng, manure,

fertilizer

Muslim rosary; supererogatory

salat (Isl.

tf-^ r?*>

(fcafcwft)

manure
(soil)

Law)
~- subha, sabha
pl.

Ol-- subuht,
|

sabaht majesty (of God)

0i\

y-j il^or

^
nure
i-*-

sabik briny

sabaka, sabka

pl.

r-L- &fc aalt

marsh, salt

awamp
pl.
|

ii*~-

^jl

do.

subuhtv
the

wajki

llh

the of

sublimity,

auguat splendor,
;

God's

counlofty

j-L- sibk

wl
fj-iL

aatifca

dng, ma-

tenanoe
heights
ul

**Jj

^ ^r-

(^baht)

nure, fertilizer

1- (baladi)

ma-

jlw *uAna WA exclamation


eto.

of

ofctfc

pl.

^1-

jaM'tj; 1

looso

aurprise,

(prop.

praise

the Lord!
is

(unspun) cotton
P_;_" (oa&ifc deep,

God be
above

praiaed!);

11

oU~- God
...

far

sound sleep;

co-

...,

God

is

beyond

ma, somnolence (med.)


j^> sabara

p-L- sabbh

swimmer

(sabr)

to

examine with a
fathom,

rJr* aabh a good

wimmer;

swift

and

probe, to probe (* a wound); to meaeure,

smooth-running

(lit.:

floating; of horseB)

sound

(* s.th., e.g., the depth); to

i^L- sibha

{art of)

swimming

explore,

examine (*

s.th.)

^iJl jl_>*l j^>

3M
to probe the depth of s.th., get to the

U-. aab'a
seven teen

(f.

(f.
;

aoi*)

seven

jl*

**-*

bottom of

s.th.,

study

s.th.

thoroughly
;

ab'ata 'aiara

j_U

jA'b 'a&rata)

s** abr probing (of a

wound)

fath-

oming, exploration, examination

*&% fru'

pl.

fL-l

o*6*

one-

jL-

sibr pl. ju- avbur

probe (med.)

seventh

jjr* dbbra slate; blaokboard

^L
probe

uZnT* oonsisting of seven parts;

seven-lettered, oonsisting of seven letters

j^a
(med.)

misbar

pl.

^L

masbir*

j*. MJ)

n seventy

jL
(med.)

mitbr

pl.

^oL nuMbir1 probe

tit*r-

&'nf septuagenarian
<*:JJ'

Vs*r-H
^^a- 6 small wind inatrument resembling

at-tarjama

as-sab'iniya

the Septuagint

the oboe

(eg.)

oUj-JI (Hebr.
of the Jews

fg'Ot) as-mb'dt Sha-

_x-

U
^

ia$a&ia to be lank (hair) ; to flow

buoth, the Feast of Weeks, or Penteoost,

(teara)

sabsab pl. v---L|

M&utb
(qafr)

deseit, deeert,

wasteland

J^-1

u*W

pl.

j-^Ll

--

jii

f^

*-'

Pafl8ion

oaSW 1 week Week Cr )


(

wasteland, desolate region


.L**

^jr^
tL- ld^a)
* =tj

uab'i weekly;

Lfj~*l

weekly,

sabufa

(tj- subita,

by the week

to be lank (hair)
.L-

r'l

tw&'tyn weekly feature (radio)

a&#, ty,
,_jI
|

8abaf

pl.

iL Mj
ai-

IJl as-sbi' the seventh

lank (hair)

.L-. tabf (aabif)

yadain
<*ll

liberal,
.;

openhanded,

generous;

-- sabaga

u a

(j-jr*

iiy) to be long and

a.

ai-gdma sbapely, well-built,

wide; to abound, be abundant IV to

of graoeful stature
Ja?* aibf pl.

make
upon

wide, widen (a B.th.); to

make
s.o.

iL-l aj&df grandson; tribe

(a s.th.)

oomplete; to bestow amply (J*


a
s.th.),

s.o.,

(of the Iaraelitea)

shower

(*

J*

with); to lend, impart liberalJy (*

iL-

iWxJJ pl.

J^U.

J to

aobdbif* sboe
fruit)

s.th. s.th.);
s.o.,

L- avbkt bunch, Cluster (of

qualitiea)

to attribute, ascribe (J to *jJ>J\ i-*l to per|

iLL

d6j( pl. \t~t\j*

sawbip aroade,

form

the

ritual

ablution

properly

roofed lane or street; arohway


JLu- n&f

(Ul. Lato)

and

(eg.)

iL-

jU sbig
ubSl aroade,
looee-fitting

pl.

*)j~ Mtcbitf* long


fll,

and

roofed lane or atreet; archway

(garment);

oomplete,

perfect; exoessive, abundant,

ample
get,

A^IIto make
** sab'
i*j~'

sevenfold (* s.th.); to divido

into seven parta (* s.th.)


pl.

fj*-

sabaga

(sabq) to be,

oome, go,

or aot, before or ahead of s.o. or s.th.


A--I

<m&u',

subu,

(a,

),

precede, anteoede

(>,

s.o.,

s.th.,
s.o.

svbua predatory animal, beast of

in
()

place

and

time),

arrive

before

prey; lion
*-*
irnal,

at (Jf); to outstrip, outdistanoe, leave


(*,

mW

pl.

*L- d* predatory an-

behind

s.o.,

s.th.);

to

forestall

beast of prey; lion

'a s.th.); to anticipate {* s.th.);

to do

395

&r
presa train;
in oontest;

or aay

B.th.

Jl)

spontaneoualy before one

(pl.

-n) preoursor; winner

oan b stopped; to turn spontaneously,


instinctively,

raee-car driver

without knowing

why

(Jl

J--I asbaq* earlier,

anteoedent;
former,

pro-

to B.th.); to surpass, beat (J* or * s.o.) | *Li jl *i J-* (an /a'aiaA) he had al-

oeding,

previous,

prior ;

ex-

^^/l

^ill

(muqim) the ex-resident


preoedenoe,
priority;

ready done
gdbaZaAfi)

it

before;

*LjL

he had met

J-* (an bim before (para<1>I

*i

i-i--l

aabaqiya

phrasing the pluperfeot);


jl {qavlu)

Jjli

J--

Beniority

we have
. .

previoualy (already)
f^"
'

JLtest
|

sibdq raoe (esp. of horses);

oon-

Jr* (tiimi*) he had been previoualy sectenoed to ...;


said that
.

<

'

s^*

J*

&

iLil

(*.

tatbu')

100

relay raoe;
( '*-)

JL

OL

raoe

J J-I

it

happened to

me

before,

I
j*

hone; JLJl
gatta,

Li haibat (mai*
* vj'j^' J'r* ro r^All jL . ot-fo*

ezperienoed before

(Ol that); l
...;

J--j

dn) aas. raoe traok;

have never before

(ai)

J-U *i J--j i there has never been one before,


is)

boat

raoe;

WuA arms

raoe
pl. -<W

(whioh
.

unpreoedented;

J-uJl

JuJI Jk-*

s-saifu l-'a4la
i.e.)

(the sword anticipated

UjL muabaqa

raoe

(esp.

of

censure,

one has to aooept the aonothing


(was)

horses); oontest; oompetition; emulation

complished

faot, there is (was)


it,

JjlJ

tasbvq emulation; oompetition


a&ifl pl. -n,

one oan (oould) do about

it is

already too late; JLJ *i-- (nuh) to

JjU
dent,
prior;

JL u&Mg
retired,
|

anteoe-

preoeding,

foregoing,

previous,
ret.
;

bunt out impulsively


II

(with an utteranoe)

former,

ex- ;

UL*

to oause (* s.th.) to preoede or anteoede;

sbiqan formerly, previoualy


to premise {* s.th.); to do or give (* s.th.)

jlj^f

JjU

prematurely
s.o. ();

III to try to

get ahead of
( s.o.),

(li-awnihi) premature; JjLJI

j formerly,
before;

at one time, to try to defeat or beat


s.o.
();

once; JjLJE' as before;


it

oUI jjLfas
fuh) the

was oustomary

seek to get the better of


{* s.o.),

to race

run a raoe

(*

with

s.o.);

to oom-

as usual; i^-* J^LJl

*Lil {mablaQ, aar*

pete, vie {* with s.o.)

TI to try to get

payment already

effected

ahead of one another, seek to outdo


one another, oompete, vie; to try to beat one another
l

iJuL- jdotga preoedenoe, priority; pre-

vious caee, precedent; previous, earlier


pl. Jj'j- * wbiq* antecedens ; previous conviotions j

(Jl

to

VIII

TI

publication of an author;

ority

jT^> sabq antecedenoe; preoedenoe, prij'^^l J-- * al-iarr premed|

jjl^Jl (,jji or) w>l^"l


vioted;

j,-

previoualy con-

itation, willfulnees fjur.);


zat

J-Jl *>u ml*

&)j~

*J

j-

(man) (one) previ-

ously convicted; recidivous oriminal

aas. initiative; J-Jl


^1

Jj-

JL &i?ti/a:
pl.

-U*AJl

*-*;! *. al-qaad

jr* aabaq
race)

JL-I aebq stake

(in

premeditation
J_j7

(jur.)

_n* air

rruubq unpreoedented
in ad-

sabqa:

JLll

U--

e.

al-qalam slip

LL-m>

musaWw^an prematurely,

of the pen, lapsus oalami

vanoe JjI4 muM&tg


pl. -fin

U-- subqa stake

(in

a race)

oompetitor; con-

JL-

aabbq antioipatory; precursory;


|

teatant; raoer, runner


JjL-1. muftu&tg oompetitor; oonteatant

triumphant

JL-

jlU*

fast

train, ex-

396

iL- eabaka i u
amelt
(*
(* s.o.);

{table)

to found, cast (* metal), to

JliLl

J-w J*

*^i\

J~ i

to quote s.th. as an

ore) ;

form,

shape,

mold

ezample;

Lw

J*l see

to formulate (* s.th.); to poliah


s.th.)

he was at his wit's end;

^U; JJl *j cJLi tiJ j J* l>rJ


is

the style (* of
(* metal}, (* s.th.)

II to

found, cast

J-w
keep

(Jawa 'aiayya) there

nothing to

smelt {* ore); to braiae, stew

me from
it is

doing that, I

am

free to

Tu to be poured into a mold,

be

do that,

no

sin if I

do that

oast
(jln- sablc
flg.,

JiU sb:
founding, casting; cast (also
=*

*LL- J>^L a pubUo,

muoh-

frequented road

arrangement) ; formulatioa (of


(of

*LUI

as-sbila the passers-by

an expression); shaping, forming


person)
|

oaLil

dustry; 5#jj
cision

iL* 4*L*> iL- (diqga)

metalluigio in-

Jj
.

iruubl lowered,

down

(curtain)

aocuracy, pre-

L-VI, jL-l look

up

alphabetioally

*J-l)L- sabbk amelter, founder

(ep.)

sibinsa pl. -<B oaboose, brake ran;


(railroad)

baggage cor

T L- ribka founder's trade and activity


4~* o&oa dotage

*SL~ aabika pl.


jl.,-

iUL-

sab'ile* ingot

Jap
(esp.

'agl

nuubh impaired mind


age), feeble-mindednees

masbak pl. iL L** mat&bile* foundry


stewing,
braiaing (in

due to old

iLJ kwMi

Sit- sabaMalan indifferently, aimlessly, hap-

corered dish, with scant moisture)

hazardly, at

random

J-* II to dedioate to oharitable purposes (* s.th.) IT to let (* B.th.) hang down; to


let fall,

iUL sabha people without work,


idlers, loafers

drop (* a curtain, drape,


oloae,

eto.,
(^L-*

J* over); to
ahed

ahut

(* the eyes);

to

^^ U P alphabetically

(* tears); to ear,
(ooll.;

form ears
)

L- look up alphabetioally
(of

J~- tabal
cereala)

n. nn.

ears

jj~* (Fr.

tpofi) 66> Bport(fl)

iL- sabia manure, dng iL- sabala


pl.

^mustache
pl.

sabd

(saby, L- d*) to take prisoner,

capture; to lead into captirity (esp. in

JL-

sibdl
f.,

war); to captirate, fascinate, enchant,

J-w
iL-l

aabil

m. and

J~;

u6uZ,

charm, beguile, intrigue

(*,

s.o.,

s.th.)

(uotla

way, road,

path

acoeas

vra

means, ezpedient, poaaibUity

(pl.

(Jl to, for);

(pl.

iL-l asbila)

public fountain;

^-

saby capture; captirity

u^L~ nbln) olay pipe bowl, olay pipe


j

i^- sabiy pl.

UL- sabdy

captire, pris-

(of the Bedouins)

J^-Jl

Ol'

**

oner (of war)

a*"*i-i

ragabond,

tramp;

wayfarer,

traveler;

Miya

(female) prisoner

J-w j
of, in

for the sake of, for, in behalf

rl-*e- nbidj white lead, ceruse

the interest of ; J*-j or J;*-* j* by means of, through, by; \ J^- j for the

r '*-*-

sibiddj white lead, ceruse

cause of God, in behalf of


religion;

J^- J*
Jp
**lSCiJl

aa,

God and his by way of, for:


a try, ten(jukdha) for fun,

O^
i-J

abbreriation of jjlf

J^

ji

ttjr*

conunercial register
>4<

e.g., i*j*-JI J-x-

(tajriba) for

tatirely,

J^ J*

buttocks, backside

397

ii-

sitta

(f.
(f.

-j-i*

Attt)

six;

_,-*

*i-

at'Uato

Jj

tasattur cover (mil.)

'aSara

--

attta 'aJfrata)

sixteen

J\- Mtir screen, folding screen


;

ji** aittn ixty

j_ji masir hidden, in visible masked


eheste; (one) having a blamelesa record
(Isl.

Jyix

fltWnt od-Jti

sexagenarian
the ixth

oLJI
2

Law);

pl.

jL-a

mastir*

hidden,

Beeret things

D >^~*
a

ritt

pl. -(

lady

jA. c
I

a.

a/-A*n
j^I.

variety

of
;

morning-glory
bot.); also
(bot.)

(Ipomoea

mutasair

anonymoua

cairica

Webb.

belladonna,
jz*
(*,

Je, mustatir hidden, concealed, latent


understood, implied (pronoun)
II

deadly nightshade
jli-l

pl. jL-I

look up alphabetically
i

to Stack up, stre up, stow {* goods)

to arrange
_-

saiara
s.o.,

(*a(r)

to

cover, veil
(*,

s.th.);

to hide, conceal

s.o.,

>

tastif

stacking, stowing, storage

s.th.,

j* from); to disguise (jp m


b.o.);

s.th. *zm saih, aith, satah pl. L^-l asth buttooks,


(

from

to ehield, guard, protect

backside
s.o., * s.th., jjt

against or from); to fors.th.),


s.o.

give (* J*
s.th. (*)

s.o.

overlook, condone

lj\j?\rigra

pl. -t,

j\j? aag'ir*,

j\j? aa*

done by

(J*) II

I;

to be

gyir* (Eg. spelling) cigarette

covered, be veiled; to cover


o.a.,

o.a.,

hide

be

concealed

cover

o.a.,

(J* from) Till to hide o.s,; to be veiled, be

&\ asjah 1

f.

l*<f

aajh* %

well-Bhaped,

hapely, beautiful

hidden, be concealed (J* from)


_aitr

i&
oair

sajada

(*j** sujd) to

bow down, bow


down, prostrate
(41

pl.

j^i^

sutr,

jU^l

in worship; to
o.s.

throw

o.s.

ve

screen ;

curtain,

drape,
(also

window
mtl.);

(J before); to worship
pl.

God)
in

curtain;

covering;
Bhelter,

cover
guard,

i^c gajda
prayer
{Chr.)
|

sajadt

prostration

protection,
text, excuse

Bhield;

pre-

.u^Jl 0*-l

ahad

as-s.

Whitsunday

ij-* sutra pl. jU> sutar jacket; tunic


!jji" sutari (tg.) clown, buffoon

ijf? sujd prostration, adoration, wor-

Bhip; also pl. of 0-L- sjid (see below)

jU^
cuse

aiir

pl. J-*

sutur

veil,

screen;

iU? gajjd

pl.

-n worshiper (of God)


1

covering;
|

curtain,
jli-JI

drape;
the

pretext,

ex-

oLc

sajjda, coli. iL j'jVld pl.


j

li-O-^-l
lS

Iron

Curtain

-Vr^
i_^-L*

sajjid 3 prayer rg; rg, carpet

(pol.);

jl=-JI

(fiddi)

motion-picture
j\z~

screen;
(mil.);
*

(o1_^Jl)
(J
Z}\

jUI

U-JI and oU-JI title of the


of inheritors
of

leadera

barrage

of certain dervish ordere in their capacity

j*

jli-JI ij

to disclose, unjliJt Ijj j*


(fig.)

the

founder's

prayer

veil B.th. (also a

monument);

rg

behind the scenes, backstage


jlr-JI as-sattr

Xw masjid
U ^w
veil;

pl. -u-L*.

masjid* mosque

the Veiler, the Coverer

(jmi') large

mosque, mosque
is

(attribute of
jIl-

God)
pl.

where the Friday prayer


J\i*
aat'ir 3

condueted;

aitra

screen; curtain, drape,


cover,

window

curtain;

covering

AJ-\ -1-^,1,1 (harm) the Holy Mosque in Mecca; ,^^1 -W-JLl (a^p) name of a mosque on Jerusalem 's Temple Square;

398

L'l-'r-

~H

th

two Mosques

(of

Mecca

III to rival,
{#

contend; to dispute, debate


to contest
(

and Medina)
-u-L-

with

s.o.);
|

s.o.'s

right

sjid

pl.

J^

sujjad,

*jf sujd

* to s.th.)
s.o.

i^d-l

<UU

ihadifa) to

draw

prostrate in adoration, worshiping

into a conversation, have

a talk with

8.0.

\^

sajara

u to

fire

up, heat {* a stove, an

oven, etc.)
water)

II

to cause to overflow {*

J^
i^jUdl

eiji

pl. -t

Bcroll;

regiter;
|

liat,

index; <i*"^
(tijri)

reoords,

archives

J*Jl

commercial register; J^JI

j*+-* musajjar long


hair)

and flowing (of

^ill {iahabl) Golden Book; O^LjJl


visitors'

^
Jrf?

book, guest book;


(dipl.)
;

ilflij-il)!
I

'jLc look
^r II to

up

Uflt

alphabetically
( s.o.)

of visitors

jLW

(s^# or) jjtf


^jUuJi
Jj^JI

cadastre,

land

register;

tr

upset

{'aqri) do.

*j aaja'a a (*f) to coo (pigeon) ; to

speak

J~ j

Uuj
;

pl. -t

enterisg,
;

entry,

in

rhymed prose

II to

speak in rhymed

registration

dooumentation authentica-

prose

tion; booking; reoording; tape-recording;

*# 8af rhymed

prose

registering (of mail)

^jU* J^J

{'aqri)

entry in the land register;

O^Jl JrJ *J
with
*

** saj'a a passage of rhymed prose


-LJ*j* sajf,
aji"

(t.

ap-faut) tape recorder

com poser of rhymed proee


pl.

Jl^

aijl

contest,
j

competition
J~u

sijf

l^l

asjf,

J*jf ntjf

altemate success
(harb) their battle

*^l^
its

v^-'

curtain, veil
JiIjC aijf pl. ,_*? sujuf curtain, veil

had

ups and downs,

they fought each other with altemate


BUCC68B
iU-L_*

^
Jjtf

(Turk. sucuk) ntjuq sausage

j+- Jt?

musjala

pl. -t

contest,

com-

(muAammar)

fried, or grilled,

sausage

petition; discussion, talk

II to register, enter (* B.th.),

make an

entry {* of
(* B.th.),
s.th.)

s.th.);

to note down, record


(*);

publio;
pl.

J** musajj pl. -n regia t rar; notary (pl. -t) tape recorder J>>~* ^ij^
{

make a note of

to have (>

U>_* Jut^ magnetio

tape;

Jk
II)

recorded, put (* s.th.) on record,

<J&I m. al-kuUiya secretary of the faculty

make a
official

deposition or Btatement for the


records; to document, prove
(* s.th.);

by

J**

muaajjal registered, etc. (see

>*_. *JUj registered letter; iL* il^-!,*


(mursait) registered mail;
regiter tons;

documentary evidence
a
hit); to

to give

>*_*

bU

evidence (*ofB.th.);to score (*


<iLi

s.th., o.g.,

*!>*_ iLi*- (<$/ia) concert

put down, write down,

of recorded muio
jtf

book (J*

* s.th. to s.o.'s debit); to record

(* s.th., said

of an apparatus; also,

e.g.,

aajama

a^

u/vffl ,

r L.

jflj)

*L-il l^JJl

on tape); to capture,

to flow, stream, well forth (tears, water)

catch (* a soene); to set (* a record;


athlet.);

sajama u

(w;m, p*? uym,


(* water), (* tears)

j^
shed

to regiter (* a letter); to enter

sajamn) to pour forth


(* tears)

(* s.th.) in

the commercial register; to

IT to shed

Vn

to flow,

have
on

(*

an invention) patented, seoure


(* on)
|

stream, well forth {water); to be fluent,


elegant (apeech); to be harmonious; to

a patent

<-iJ

J*

J^

to go
s.th.)

record

for

{doing

or

being

harmonize, be in keeping (** with)

399

r
plicable (J* a s.th. to; said of a law or {'amaJa) to Statut) J* *j J*-Jl
l

fl*_jl insijm fluency;

hannony; Order

--'- mwn*ijMn harmonious

extend the applicability of

s.th.

to

eajana

(sajn) to jail, imprison ( s.o.)

VII to drag
to
retreat,

o.s.

along, struggle along;


pull out,
fall

^
j*
,>*?

sajn detention, imprisonment


sijn pl.

withdraw,

jf
pl.

sujn prison,
Ll*^

jail

back (^* from); to be drawn out; to be applied (J* to; of a law or Statute)

aojin

i;'on' s ,

^f

^^

sahb withdrawal

(of troops,

of

aajn imprisoned, jailed, captive; prisoner, prison inmate, convict


i^jC sajina
ltf"

measurea, of rights, of
account, etc.);
(pl.

money from an
uhubt) draw-

^.y*

pl. -dl

female prisoner

ing (in a lottery)


^Itf" sahb (coli.) clouds
Ltf"

sajjn jailer, prison guard,

warden

^*

mojsjun

pl.

O^T^

w"*;n a im-

aahba
soh'ib*

(n. un.)

pl. _-*=

auhvb,

prisoned, jailed, captive; prisoner, prison

^U?

cloud;

(pl. -t)

umbrella
in

inmate, convict
(j**)

(rnagr.);

*A& aahbata
|

during,

the

*a ? *
,(

u (j*

MJW

couxse of
>

(rj-M) jL^Jl **\&


all

aahbata n~

j** sujw) to be
II

nahr {Uyaum)
L*jj

day long; *A& Uj-

calm, quiet, tranquil (night, sea)

to
sirn

aahbata yaumin
all

we have
*;ji

cover with a winding sheet, to shroud


(c_ll

al-mayyita
o.s.

the

deceased)

been traveng
in

day;

djj

jU?

to

the course of four oenturies

cover
*-*="

(*

with a garment)
-t,

eajxya pl.

Ll^"

mjy natura,
character;

U? suhba
.

film

on the eye
Pal.) zipper, slide

natural disposition, temper,


pl. characteristics,

riltf' sahhb

(Syr.,

traits

*~&

j*

of

fastener
<_o_* mashab: l^il <_o_* m. al-haw*

one's
r-L-

own

accord, spontaneously

sjin quiet, calm, tranquil;

dark

source of the breeze or draft ; draft (of air)


wjL^-jI

(night)
L

insihb

withdrawal,

retreat,
res-

yr*~* muaajjan covered with a winding

pulling out, evacuation

(esp. mil.);

sheet, ahrouded (corpae); laid out (corpse)

ignation; stretohing, extension

. sahha u
down,

(aAA,

r/^
stream

suhh) to flow
j

i_^-U shib drawer (of a

bill

of ex-

flow, run,
it

*\J\

c~& sah'

change)

hat is-samd'
-Ltf"

rained cats and dogs

4-L
(of

j^
bill

H al-ma&hvb 'aiaihi drawee

,>* 'ain sahhha tearful eye


trail

of exchange)

<="
,

sahaba a (sahb) to
(a

on the ground,
(*,
*

Z*&

suht,

suhut pl.

l^l

asht

s.th.

forill-

drag along

B.th.);

to withdraw

bidden or banned;
gotten property

illegal poesessions,

s.o., s.th., also, e.g.,

a measure, an Order,

etc.); to pull

out (> troops, j* from);


(* ,y

jyj? sahtt Eg. Square measure of 0.304

to take

away

from

s.o. s.th.), Btrip,

dispossess, divest (a
(a

(=

i/ t4

sahm);

suMt penny
off,

s.o. of); to

draw
(a

water)

to

take

out,

withdraw

m^

sakaja a {sahj) to scrape


Scratch
off,

shave

off,

money, from an account); to draw


a
bill

(a

rub

off (*

s.th.);

to graze,

of exchange, a
(* a

lot)

to unsheathe,

abrade
II

(a

the skin), strip off (a s.th.)


off,

draw

eword); to apply,

make ap-

to scrape

abrade, strip off (a s.th

.)

1 d*_ miskaj pl. -L- fflow; plane


(tool)
'***+*-*

s.th.);
e.g.,

to annihilate, wipe out (* s.th.,


(* clothing);

an army); to wear out


a,

mishaja pl. -l* fnasdAt;* plan-

sahiqa
far

sakuqa u
II

(sithq)

to be distant,

ing machine, planer

away, remote

to orush; to anni-

hilate, destroy

T and

VII to be crushed,

rl mishj pl.
(tool)

py-L- mowAt;' plane

be pounded, be bruised, be pulverized

rj* mashj raw, gor (like a skin


abrasion)

j^
zation
;

sahq orushing, bruising, pulveri(pl.

3j** svhq)

worn garment,

rag

oAara a (Ar) to bewitoh, oharm, enchant,


infatuate, fascinate {*,
s.o.,

J^

suhq, suhuq distance, remotenesa;


*J
J

s.th.);

to

depth, vaatness (of an abyss)

U*? with

wheedle, coax

s.o.) II

I;

tc have

suhqan lah away with himl to himl

hell

a light meal (shortly before daybreak)


jjs sahr, suhr
pl.

jyi

iAr,

jU^i

j^*

sahiq far away, distant, remote;

ashr lungs, pulmonary region of the

deep, bottomless (abyss, depth)

body
jjs ihr bewitohment, beguilement, en-

<S-l mu&haqa and

JU? sihq

trib-

chantment, faaoination;
Aar,

ady, Lesbianism
Vr
.JLoJl

(pl.

jU?l as*
JUfc-Jl insihq al-qalb contrition,

jj#

suhr)

sorcery,

witchoraft,

penitence, repentance

magic; oharm (of a woman)

&j#

Art magio(al)

j^

^li

J- L>
(f*
(

shiq

crushing ;

overwhelming

major ity)
3jr*,.-

ns) magic Untern, slide projector

mashq ground, grated (bread,


etc.); (pl.

j&
jyc

aahar

pl.

jU?l ashr time before

nutmeg,
der
|

daybreak, early morning,


oAfir last

dawn

Je-' mashiq*) pow-

.iJI

3j*~-* m. al-fahm coal duat

meal before daybreak

,_.\1W

during the

month of Ramadan
pl. -fln sorcerer,

J**-j- mujisahiq al-qalb oontrite,

penitent, repentant

jU? sahhr

magician,
sorape off, shave off, J*" sahala a (sohl) to peel (* s.th.); to smooth, make smooth
(* s.th.);

wizard, charmer

jU? sahhra sorceresa, witoh


\j\j*

to plane {* B.th.); to

file

(*

sahhra

pl. -t

oulvert;

(pl.

jwU?

s.th.)

sahhir 1 ) caae, crate, ehest,


j-L**
tafajeat)

box

*JU? suhla filings,


I

file

duat
(eg.)

maskir*
his lungs

^-1*

C&

(in*

S-U? sihliya

pl.

JU?

sahlin lizard

became

inflated (out

of fear or pride)
j*-L> shir charming, enchanting; (pl.
-fin,

pl. J-l mashiP tool J-* miahal for smoothing, plane; file

j**

sahara,

jU? suhhr)
wizard,
j*-\j-

eorcerer,

J-L* AiZ pl. J*-l>-

awhiP

littoral,

enchanter,

magician,
pl. -t,

charmer
sawahir*

coast, seashore; [Eg.) river harbor, an-

chorage
5j-U skira
Borcereas, witch
Jcafar

(on the

Nile)

J*-I>JI

>*=
(*&

aas. coast guard;

*l

J*-U V

Atta) Bhoreless
(*, * s.o., s.th.);

j#

sahaqa a (sahq) to oruah

Jp-U JAiW

coastal, littoral; (pl.

*Uf>-

to pound, bruise, powder, pulverize (*

auxSAtJa) coastal inhabitant; Swahili

401

iJL^ sahlab salep (dried tuber of various


specries

tsjt* sukri, sikri laughingstook, target

of Orchis); a sweet drink

made

of ridioule; oorvee, Statute labor, forced labor

of salep

j saham blackness, blaok oolor

\j#

fukriya scorn, deriaion, mockary,

1^

irony; laughingstook, object of ridioule

suhma

blaoknesa, blaok oolor


IjI*-a

maskara

pl. -<K, yi-

L- maafrir*

fU? suhm blackness, black


ft\
asham*,
f.

oolor
pl.

object of ridioule, laughingstook; ridiou-

1^

ahmS*.

lous, droll, ludicrous;

masquerade

tuhm blaok

j\i^J tasktr subjugation, subjeotion;


exploitation
jt~-* musakkir oppresaor
tf saJfifa

j#

sahana a (ahn) to orush, pouhd, bruise,


grind (a s.th.); to smooth by robbing
(a s.th.)

<js

sdhna

and sahana
mien

pl.

sahant,

a,

at

a (aakat) to be annoyed (J* or b.o., at s.th.), be displeased, be

j#

suhan (externa!) appearanoe, look(a);

facial expression, air,

angry (J* or with s.o.), reaent (J* or a s.th.) IV to disoontent, embitter (


a.o.)
a.o.)
;

<*^**
peatle

mishana

pl.

j*-\~*

mashin 1

to

anger,
I

eiaaperate,

enrage

JoC
U\j* sih'a
pl.

svJpuf, sukf, akaf disoontent,

an-

UU? MAytS

cerebral

mem-

noyance, displeasure, indignation, anger,


irritation,

brane, cortex

exaaperation;

wrath, bitter-

JU^

nAd'i meningeal
al-iit.)

v'V-'^'

a*j*

nesa, grudge, resentment

JU-JI {mara4

meningitis

1L^* maskafa
iron
ject

pl. .L>-L_* masfeif*

ob-

fnfcSA

pl.

^L-

mosdAm

of annoyance, of wrath, of anger

ahovel, spade

J^P- mashf loathsome, hated, odi-

Uitf u&tyn, n^ttydn morocoo (leather)

ous;

(pl.

i^*-U- maskif1 )

(eg.) idol

J*i*-j tamJfJfitt

annoyance, displeasure,

J#

sakira a (sakar,
stpra, j***

safer, suifur, euJpr,

ijt*

anger, wrath

maskar) to laugh,
l-

aooff, jeer,

sneer (j- or

at),

mook,

ridioule, deride

Je sajeufa u

[suk)f,

aafffa)

to

be

(^
II

or

^ s.o., a.th.), make fun (^ or ^ of)


make
subservient
( a.o.,

feeble (wit); to
ijjc sakf,

be stupid, foolish

to subject,

sukf feeble- min dedneas, dim-

s.th.,

J to or for the purpose of); to make

wittedneaa, imbecility, idioey; nonsense,


fooliflhness, folly

serviceable (J a s.th. to), employ, utilize,

turn to profitable acoount (J *

a.th. for),

make

uae

(,

of,

for);

to exploit

JoJt?
(

sakif

pl.

JGtf

rifyf

stupid,
siy,

s.o., a s.th.,

for)
(

V to reduce to
s.o.);

aervi-

fatuous,

simple- minded;
foolish;
1 )

absurd,

tude, aubjugate

to Bcoff, jeer,

ridiculoua,
(pl.

despicable,

inferior;

sneer

Luc sukaf'
sajefa

fool

lj# sukra laughingstook,


ridicule;

target

of

lje

feeble-mindedness,
folly,

dim-

oorvee, atatute
ij*~J\
Jl*-j

labor,

forced

wittedness ;
do, childish

(pl. -t)

sUly thing to

lahor

serfs,

hondamen

prank

iji+J\ J1>l foroed labor, slave labor

Juli* sak'if* aly things

J**]> aakia
pl.

402

Jl>

eijfl

lamb
with soot,

Jl^.1

ample funds; ^1 j*

.j-LJI

Jt:

(.

an-nafs) only too glad to relinquish or

J*

II

to

make

blaok, blaoken
|

give

up

s.th.

besamt

(* s.th.)

ij-Uu ^c (bi-fadrihi) to
s.o.

irritate s.o.,

make

angry T to hat

j*

m%wa

generosity

(J*

s.o.),

s.o.),
J**

harbor resentment (J* against be angry (J* with)

sadda u (stuU) to plug up, oloae up, stop

up

(m s.th.); to clog,

oongest (* s.th.); to
{*

saam blackness

bar,
s.th.,

obBtruot,

block up, barricade

*Jc uma blaokne; hatred, resentade


ment,
(li?
ill

* J* to

s.o. s.th.);

to block, blook-

will

(* s.th.); to cork, plug, etopper (*

s.th.);

to pay, defray,

settle,

cover (*

udm

soot,
pl.

smut
rlic ao^af im* hatred,

s.th., esp.

expenaeB, a debt, etc.); to ful-

U-itf

aa$ima
ill

fiU, satisfy,

meet

(*

a claim, and the

like)
|

resentment,

will

Ijii

x- (JvQratan) to 11 a gap, close a


i*i)

breach;
c

.u (fuimatan) to

fill

a gap;

y* ao^vT
or

w,

Solana w and xxjcina a (j*


iiitf

ll*.

x* (jfallatan) to remedy a shortooming;

sujfna, iJlic afcdna,

ju&na) to be
(up);

4i*-U-

.u (hjaiah) to meet
for
s.o. s.o.
;

b.o.'b

need,

beoome hot or warm; to warm

provide
to keep

*X*j

J-

(ramaqak)

to be feverish II to

make
II

hot, to heat,

or o.s. barely alive, eke out


s.o.

warm

(* B.th.)

IT

an existenoe; to provide
(masaddah) to

with a bare

J&
UCc

sufcn hot,

warm
warmth

existenoe; to allay b.o.'s hunger;


fill

u .u
place
a gap;
defi-

b.o.'s

place,

safpdna heat,

s.o.;

4**lk*

.u to satisfy or
J*

fulfill s.o.'f
fill

<j^jc

u6na heat, warmth


t

olaims; Ulji
<.

(far$an) to

O
boiler,

fc aakn

L.

o*

miydA

XJ^i\jJ\

J-

to

hot-water tank
hot-water bottle
|

oiencies;

remove or remedy
i

sadda

(>jJ-

sudvd,

*l.u

todd) to be sound, right, in proper con-

O *l*" mkfcna
jLJ-l

*\*

dition; to hit the right thing, say or

do

al-hammdm bath

heater, geyaar

the right thing; to be appoaite, be to the point II to block, bar, obstruot (*


s.th.);

olilic

mkknt hot Springs


pl. jli*

^U *Sin
(_^c

to pay, defray, settle, oover (a


* s.o.

4u hot, warm

expenses, debts, etc.); to guido (jto),

and

Jtf) I> *a v, Jtf


_jjc

wya a

(l>

Bhow

( s.o.)

the right
s.th.
to),

way

(j- to);

mkS) and

mwmx w

(*j\J# saJfdwa)

to direct
(Jl

(Jl

point,

level

to be liberal, generous (J* i_j with s.th. toward s.o.); to grant, award (lj s.th.,

a s.th. at); to aim (Jl at); to sight,

take aim
phot.)
;

by a

sight; to foous (Jl on;


j

J* to

s.o.),

confer, bestow

((_

s.th.,

J*
Ljj

to draw a bead ( Jl or j- on s.th.)


(dainan)
to

upon

s.o.)

to

show

o.s.

generous, dis-

jo*
\}j

pay or

settle

play liberality; to endeavor to be liberal


or generous VI
Lc

debt;
icit;

jo^- ('ajzan)

to oover a defto guide b.o.'s

V
municence, gen-

Uvi> J.L-

(Jfufdhu)

stepe IV to hit the right thing, say or do

mfcS

liberality,

the right thing; to be appoaite, be to the

erosity

point
<$y*' ,
liberal,

V to be
(Jl to)

guided, be directed, be

a> nfry pLL>'


ly
(i_j

shown

VII to be blocked, be ob-

openhanded, generous; giving generouss.th.),

structed,

be plugged up, become or be

being lavish

(<_j

with)

5jc

ologged or congested

403

Jjw.

u sadd plugging, up;


obstruction,

olosing,

stopping

iL- add obstructive

barring,

barrioading;

>jX-+ masdd closed (circuit;


_j.u (eg. ; sadab)

eJ.)

blocking; defrayment (of coats), payment,

settlement (of a debt, of expeneea) ;


fillment, satiafaotion

ful-

= i_jIX- saddb
to be
oonfuaed,
bewil-

(of a claim, eto.);

todd, tudd
obstruction,

pl. AjJ**

sudd, aIjuI asddd


obataole;
;

j-U aadira a (sadar, Ijl-u aadra) to be


dazzled
(eye);

block,

barrier;

rampart,
weir;

bank,

barrage,
(athiet.);

river

mound dike dam dam; bar, rail;


;

dered, startled,

dazed; to be deluded
n. un. I)
pl.

j-u sidr
t,

(ooll.;

j-U ndar,

hurdJe
{'Ml)

bulwark

(fig.)

JUII aJI
.

jjJ sudr a variety of Christ's-thora


bot.); lotua tree
|

the

High

Dam

(near

Aawftn)
J_Jl

(Zizyphus apina Christi;


iJ

xtLH

x* balloon barrage (mil.);

!jU

l\ Jj-u

*.

a2-muntoAd the lotus tree in


Ij-U
iJL

blind alley, dead end

the Seventh Heaven; ^^Jll

to

I.U aadda block, barrier; obstruotion,


obetaele; barrioade;

attain the higheat goal, achieve ultimate


results

dam

JJb^Jl lxJ\
jl-U rid&ra pl.
j-'l-U aadSir* an commonly of blaok velvet

(Sirydniya) embolism (med.)

Iraqi over-

-U tudda

pl.

i-u u&ui gate,


couch,

headgear,
door;
seaa cap
|

threahold; seat;

divan

J-Jl

(iijljLJI)V>-^l (nwfittyo) the

Holy See

jIju siddra pl. -dt

SjIju siddra

j-U k&kJ obstruction, ologging (of a


pipe)

jjU
^-o-

Sdir reckleas (j in a.th.)

n to make aixfold (* a.th,); to multiply


Bix (* s.th.); to

il.u uSd payment, defrayment, set-

by

make hexagonal, make

tlement, disoharge, liquidation; the proper,

hexangular

(* B.th.)

right

thing

to

do,

the

appoaite

^.u
sixth

suds, sudus pl. ^la-l asds one-

thing to aay; appropriateneas, appoaiteneas (of a remark), lucky


aotions)
|

hand

(in one'a

jl^Jt

c^

outstanding, due,

^Ijparta

w&ftf Bizfold; consisting of six

unpaid {com.): ^I-Uj appropriately, appoaitely;


}\x*>

J^l

.>1-U. ar-ra'y

levelheadedneas
in

^jLJI

as-addis the sixth

eudd obstruction

the nose

^i

musaddas hexagonal; hexagon;


hexahedron;
|

jl-U tiddd pl. IxJ aeidda plug, Stopper, cork


|

hexahedral;

(pl. -dt)

re-

Js-O "
1

>' J

^ P lu g

volver, aixahooter
(<*)

jLil ,_^-i

m. iro

Very

piatol

ol ju tidda plug, stopper, cork;


(of

O sight
i-0_* musaddasa pistol, gun, revolver

a gun)

ij-U oadxd hitting the target (arrow, spear) ; appoaite, pat, pertinent, relevant,
right, oorrect (anawer, view) -ul

j-U

tkio/

pl. .jl^-l

asddf darkneas, twi-

light,

dusk
sudfa
pl.

*i-U

.j-U

*uda/

darknesa,

asadd*

more

appoaite,

more

rel-

twilight, dusk; ourtain

evant
ojiJ tatdfd

Jju soda&i u
payment, defrayment,
liqnidation
|

(wH) to let (* s.th.) hang

set-

down or

fall

down;
s.th.

to let down, drop, on); pass. sudila to

tlement,
0j.i_aJI

discharge,

lower (Je

outatanding, due, unpaid {com.)

hang down (J* on)

and IV

= I;

to

Jx*
hang down, be lowered, be down VII to
descend ( J* on)

404

4*-ii- aadja

aimplioity; innooenoe, ingen-

uoiisneas,
pl. <jj-u

naivete ;

homeliness,

piain-

J.U

sidl,

sudi

sudl,

ness; guilelessnees
<Jl.ul

aadl veil, ourtain


*.L-

pU
rio);

*5j?,

94%j

pl. r-i-

auddaj

simple; piain, unicolored-, uniform (fab-

VII to dry np (spring)

innocent, ingenuous, naive; piain,


artless, guileless, oandid,

+X* sadam sorrow, sadness,


grief

affliotion,

homely;

frank

(character); primitive
pl.

rJ- aadim
nebula
Lf

pi- sudum mist, haza;

(Pere. aar head) formerly in

Compounds

(aatron.)

head, chief; j\*j~> airdr (Eg.) supreme

tx- aadlml nebular; nebuloas


offloe

aar'ashar general (in the former

Commander commanding general ;_-*,Ottoman


;

la- sidna

of gatekeeper or ousto-

army);
general
% j~i

o\jj\j~>

aarywarn

adjutant

dian (of a shrine, specif. of the Kaaba)

jU
riatan

sdin pl. iJi-

u&ma

oustodian,

aarra

u (jjj^ aurr,
s.o.);

5^-j tasirra, 5^*.

ma*

gatekeeper of the Kaaba; sexton, sao(Chr.);

aarra) to

make happy,

gladden, delight,
aurr)

keeper, curator; pl. o-

cheer

pass. aurra (jjj~>

orew (of a maohine gun, of a tank,


eto.)

to be happy, glad, delighted (J or j* or


i_j

at),

take pleasure (J or ji or

in)

(jO- and j-u) IX to oonfer (Jl * a benet on


s.o.)

II

to

make happy,
( s.o.)
|

gladden,

delight,
(*

IV to oonfer (J or

Jl *

a benefit on
(* s.th.)
s.o.
|

oheer to

III to

confide a secret

s.o.);

to render, perform,
Jl

do

s.o.)

Jil

*jL- (u4nikl) to whisper

1..W-

ji-l (Jma) to render


ol-sLi/s/l
<Jl

a
to

in s.o.'s ear
delight,

IT to make happy, gladden,


(

servioe;

j-ul
s.o.,

(iraaddt)

oheer

s.o.);

to keep Beeret,

make
*J

suggestions to

advise

s.o.;

hide, oonoeal, disguiae (* B.th.); to teil


confidentially,
s.o.

j&iJI

jj-I
s.o.,

(Ittir)

to

extend one's
to
j.ul

confide
teil

(lj

or

Jl

to

thanks to be

thank

s.o.; JaJU <ji-l


(*J

s.th.);
(<-*

to

under one's breath,


s.o. B.th.)
|

benefioial;

mJI

or)

4JI

whisper

or * Jl to

*Jil

j*\

(nu#A) to give s.o. (a


l.b

word

of)
s.o.

ad vice;

(udnihl) to whisper in s.o.'a ear (* s.th.)

4JI

^i-l

(ytuftxn)

to do

a favor

V ^^j
take

iaaarr (and J-rJ tasarrara) to

(u or U a woman) as coneubine

^a^ Jan
fabrio);

pl. ji-l

asdiya warp (of a


(ijj- surriya)

to try to hide; to hide,

a oontinnous, prevailing charthread (of a story, of

be hidden
bine
(l*

(je-

from); to take as coneu-

aoteristio or trait,

a woman)
pl.

an argument,
li-

eto.)
j~*

nrr

jl^l asrr

Beeret; secret

aadh warp (of a fabrio); a con-

thought; heart, inmost; secrecy; mystery ; sacrament (Chr.)


;

tinuous, prevailing oharacteristic or trait,

underlying reason
|

thread (of a story, of an argument,


(i~

etc.)

(of s.th.); \j^ sirran secretly, privately

eudan in vain,
|

futilely, to

no end,

ijivj word;

\j* ('alniyatan)
j~> 9. al-lail

seoretly

and pub-

uselessly
useless

ji-

_jo to be in vain, futile,

lioly; J-Ul

watohword, pass-

oT_/l

jl^-l

the secret meaning

of the Koran; jJ\ ^-JK" secretary; flf


*-ilJu

sadb rue, herb of graoe

(bot.)

_^Jl

do.;

^1 US*

kalimat aas. watohor


"_,-

JA- a^aU of the rue

word, paasword;

J*,-j

to your

406

**o^. moMrra
pl. -t joy,

health! oheerio! skoalt

*j~* *j~>

secretly,

happiness, de-

inwardly, in

heart;

^jmI

al'aba

light, pleasure ; glee, gaiety, hilarity ,


~*j~*

mirth

sirrah to trouble, worry, bother, harasa


s.o.;

misarra

pl. jL~*

masrr* speaking

\j^ j^^-l a/rd sirran to dispense a

tube; telephone
j-J tasarrin conoubinage

aacrament (Chr.);
A-u trraA

*^

4il

^-o*

gw&ia
j\y*\
istisrr

may God

hallow his Beeret


a deoeased

(eulogy after the

name of

conoubinage
gratifying, joy-

Muslim

saint)

jL- srr gladdening,


secret; private; confidential
|

jj-

r.irri

ous, glad, oheering, delightful

mysterious, cryptio; sacramental (Chr.)


iy-Jl (j^'^*^'

venereal diseases

jjj
(<_

nuurr glad happy, delighted

at), pleased

(^

with)

*jj^ sirriya seoret; seoretiveness


j~-

j-+ musirr gratifying, delightful, pleaaant


j^Sa mvstaaarr place of concealment
jil^-.

surr pl.

'*jJ\

asirra umbilical cord


jj*>

j*

surra

pl. -t,

eurar

navel,

uinbilious; center

surdiq

pl. -t

large

tent,

canopy,

tfj* surrt umbilical

j^l

J-i-l

{habt)

pavilion

umbilical cord

J!^ nf
js*
tturur,

Jl_^# prdf

way

path, road

sirar

umbilical

cord
jl^-. r<fy palace

jj~, surur line of the


jlj-.

palm or forehead
iil^-.

sarya

pl. -t

palace

iJ^Jl

sarr:

_^l jl_^

a.

ai-JaAr

last

IjjLJI (fafrd') insane


1

aaylum

(eg.)

night of the lunar month

Vj-

ari&a a (*ra6) to flow; to run out,

j\j~, sirr pl. ij-l line of the

oMtra,

j jLI
pl.
*-^)l

aarir*

leak

n to send

in

groups or batches

{*, *

palm or forehead;

featuree,

s.o., s.th., Jf to)

to flow; to run out,

facial
a.

expression, air, also

yjUI

flow off, escape ; to sneak away , Blink away,


steal

al-wajh

away; to stream, penetrate


(Jl

(Jl into),

jjj* surr joy,

happiness,

deligbt,

infiltrate

e.th.);

to oreep (j into);

pleasure; glee, gaiety, bilarity, mirth

to aneak,

slip,

steal (Jl into,

among);

j s*

sarir pl.

J^l

to creep along, flow along, glide along;


asirra,

j^. surur,

to seep through, leak out (Jl to, of a


report); to spread, cculate, be passed

j\j~> saryir* bedstead, bed; throne, ele-

vated seat
'j

around (news)
pl. jfl^-

Tu to

hide, crawl into ite

s sarira

wrd'ir1 seoret;
|

lair

(animal)

secret thought; mind, heart, soul

LL*

j-y-Ji jw/* tw-a. clearness of oonscience;

y ^Jl

Vj- 8%rb pl. vLr-' asrb herd, flock, bevy, covey, swarm; squadron, group,
wing,
heart,

<_-i

tayyib as.-s. guileless, sim-

formation,

flight

(of

airoraft);

plehearted,

mind

JJ|

j*

^^.

(ndhl)

j--

aarr* 2

happiness,
{(farr')

prosperity
in

swarm of

bees;

u^JI ^iU oalm, com-

l^pjlj

1^1

good and

poeed, confident
i-sj*

bad days,
*ij>*

for better or for


pl.

worse
sarab
pl.

vLr-'

asrb

burrow,

surriya

jjlj-

aarriy

con-

hole,

den, lair (of an animal); Under-

cubine

ground paasage; tunnel, conduit

V-T"
<j^~ ur&o pl.
<~>j~-

surab herd, flock,

bevy, covey,
*->Lr*

Bwarm
mirage,
fata

rs* *araha a {rys* *Uf^) to ove away, go away, leave; to roam freely; to graze
freely (cattle); to

*r&

morgana;

be distracted (mind);
proceed
|

will,

sariha

phantom; sewage
->./-*

to

freely,

at

without restraint
to

rfj

r^

{ma*

masrab

pl.

-o l mororift' course

riha)

do
to

as

one

likes II to

send (*
dispatch

(taken

by

B.th.); river

bed; drain, aewer

cattle)

paature ;

to send,

ujU
ijU
'

drft oonspicuous, visible

(s.o.); to let

go

( s.o.);

to dismias
(

(U a
s.o.)

woman by
ria pl. vj'j-* sawrib* reptile

divorce); to grant
( b.o.)
;

leave, d ton*""?

to release from an

*V^- lk U P alphabetically

office, discharge, fire ( s.o.); to release,

set free

( s.o.);

to let {* the eyes) wander;

Jj^

aorfwla to clothe (# a.o.)


clothe, dress
(<-

with a sirbl

to

demobilize,

disband

(*

an army)
{also
|

(q.v.); to

.o.

in or

to dispel a.o.'s *j>); to


(ia'rah)

(^) worries

^>

with); to cover,
II tasarbala

wrap
a

(* B.th., ^ with)
;

to put on

sirbl (q.v.)

to put

comb {* the hair) _^i ^to comb one's hair, do one's


-rj~-

on, wear (* a garment); to be clothed,


clad,
o.a.

hair;

iii

garbed (^

in,

also
(<-

fig.);

to wrap

(nazarah)

to set one's

eyes on

(Jl)

VII

ju ^yJ\

(yufakkirv)

(t-^

in); to dress

up

in)

to be deep in thought, be absent-minded,

Jbj-

sirbl

pl.

Jj'_r*

orMi1 shirt;

allow one'a thoughts to wander

coat of mail; garment


Jj^^Jk*

r\j* sarh dismissal (of a


J'../

muforarW: ^Lli

- *' blessed

divorce); release

*f-\j+
s.o.,

^l

woman by a^laqa m
s.

with

youthfulneaa,

evincing

youthful

rhah to release
b.o.

set s.o. free, set


^il
itlq

freshneBs
1

at liberty; **-\_^

hi

release; r-l^" J^L* muflaq cu-s. free, at

r_r- saraja to braid, plait (* the hair) II do. to baste, tack (a s.th.); to saddle (*

large

an

animal) IV do.; tolight (^j-Jl the lamp)

j*
peddler

sank

and

^ g U

ha wker,

rj*
^1^-

sarj pl. rj_r* ***"*?

saddle

oL*-^ sirhn wolf


|

sirj pl. _,- *un*; lamp, light


*.

T^l ^1^-

al-haraka traffio light;

y
theater

masrah

pl.

rjL- masrih*
|

paa-

JJjl ^l_^
*-'./-*

. aJ-latf firefly,

glowwonn

ture; stage, theater; scene

Jst*slt

^y~*

r;'a saddlery, saddler'e trade;

glanders
r-l^* sarrj saddler

J~-r"*

masrahi

dramatic, theatrical,

stage (adj.)
r

f_r~* masrahiya

pl. -t

(stage)

play

saddler tSrjs* surji

j~j
lease;

tasrih diamisBal; discharge; re-

Vtj,- *ur;'i ya saddlery, saddler's trade


4-j^~l twrja
lie,

demobilization;

(pl.

jLi Uu*

falsehood

rih*) permiaaion, authorization


**:

**_,-* misraja, masraja pl.


rtT

^jl mo*

jJi tasriha pl. -t hairdo, coiffure

lamp; lampstand

^jL- srih:

^jL ^jL grazing


free
al-fikr distracted,

freely,

roaming

freely;

and unrestrained;
absent-

"rjw

look

up

alphabetically

"ilrr.r*

*"7ft dng, manure

JyM\ *-jL- srih minded

; ;

j-J- munsarih:
poetic meter
|

rj-iU

name

of

*l\j~ airf

J,l^
(aira\ sara', **j" aur'a) to

jiJI rj-i* m. oX-f.hr dia-

tracted, absent-minded

9^0 aaru'a u
urge

be

quick, fast, prompt, rapid; to hurry II to

rjjU srk
a^onwia

pl.

jl>(aard)

aawrik* rocket
to
pieroe,

( s.o.)

to hurry; to urge on (* an

animal);

to

apeed up,
III

accelerate,

ex-

perforate
a.th.,

pedite

(*

a.th.)
(

to to

hurry,

hasten,

(* s.th.); to
e.g.,

carry on, continue {*


;

niBh, run, daah


(Jl

Jl to);

a converaation)

make

a beeline

to teil off one after


for);

another,
to

enumerate
quote,

to hurry (j in, with), hasten


s.th.),

{*

faots,

eventa)
set

preaent,

(j to do
to

do

in

detail,

forth

a hurry (j

s.th.);

neatly (* s.th.)
{* a.th.)

II to

pierce,

perforate

with undue haste (j into) IV to be quick, faat, prompt, rapid;


rush, plunge
to hurry, haaten, rush, run, dash
(J!

Sj*
quoting
recital,

aard
;

enumeration
detailed

mentioning,
presentation
(of

to); to
(l_i

hurry (^ or

with,

in),

hasten
(*_>

neat,

or

to do s.th.), do in a hurry

presentation,

rendition

an

or

s.th.); to aocelerate,

speed up, ex-

account, of a narrative, etc.); coherent,


logical

pedite (* s.th.)
run, daah
(

V
;

to hurry, haaten, rusb, to hurry


(*_>

Jl to)

or

with,

'bj* sarida:

jJ^LI

S-b^-

s.

al-maulid

in),

hasten (u or
(<_>

to

do

s.th.),

do

in

diacouree dealing with the birth of the

a hurry
raeh
(_>

or

J
in)

a.th.);

to be haaty, be

Prophet {during celebration of Mohammed's birtbday;


tun.)

or

VI to hurry, haaten,

rush, run, daah (Jl to)


(of a book)

O
v'-V* airdb
dib 2

masrad index

9y*

8ur', sir' pl. fj^-i aard' reina

~**j* aur'a
pl. -/il^- aardib*,

-^al^- aar*
neBS,
cellar ;

speed, velocity, pace; fast-

subterranean
flat

rapidity,
|

vault,

quickness,

promptness;
presence of

base-

ment, basement

hurry, haste

J*\X\

1*^*

mind

Jj-U*J1 *fj~ credulity

jbj-

airdr (formerly Eg.)

aupreme Com-

U jUj(with
foll.

aar'na, air'na,

mander; commanding general


Jilj- look up alphabetically

surna m
...!;

verb)

how

quickly

soon,

before long, preBently, in no time


rooster,

iJji^ aardk

pl. liLil^-

sardik 3

Qj^. aar?
fast,

pl.

l^-. aur'n, f\j* air*

cock (magr.)
J/.iy- sardin (coli.; n. un.
)

quiok, prompt, rapid, speedy, ex-

peditious. swift, nimble; ^i^Jl

name of
Uj

sardines

a
(alpha-

poetio

meter

express

train ;

^-1^- sirs and


betically)

aari'an fast,
^-'j^-

see

^-U-

quickly, rapidly, speedily,


^Idl

promptly
to

g^

s. at-ta'attur

easy

impreBa,

easy

affected,

aenaitive;

pU^r- airam a cerebral diaeaae


l

^L.U-1
a.

gj*
8.

quick- witted;

**j& h.j*
(el.);

i v- sarifa

at-taraddud high-frequency
az-zaxol

(aaraf,

uli*^ sarafn) and aarafa


JljjJI

*i^-

uito
do.

awallow, gulp (*

a.th.)

V and

ephemeral,

fleeting,
*j

VIII

transient; JjX^JI

^
^
a.

credulous;

(oLtlUI)

jUJI
,_JaII

8.

at-pq

quick-firing,

Uj- aarafn
(med.);

pl. -t

crayfish; Cancer
J

rapid-fire;

al-'afab fragile;

Cancer

(astron.)

^^ U^

Ji^N

gj^

s.

at'tanaqqul mobile,

maneu-

(bahrt) lobater

verable, easily manageable

408

y-l

asra'*
j

faster,
ji

quicker,

more an
did
it

ctjj-* masrgdt stolen goods


3j-* mwuariq:
jil\ j-JL

rapid

olj

9^

U m

aara'a

m. aZ-gtiu

ra'auh before long I saw him,

debilitated, exhausted

not take very long before I saw him

Ul_^ nr'an quickly, in a hurry


fjj-l isr' acceleration,

L-i^ aorayuafa 1 Zaragoza


Spain)

(city

in

NE

Bpeed-up; hurry
irfs* Vgtn dng,

manure

jJ tamrru' hurry, haste; hastiness,


raahness, precipitance

^^
J"^

(Fr. cirque) sirk oircus

fy-I* mutasarri* quick, fast, prompt,


rapid; hasty, rash, precipitate

(Turk. gergi) aarkf (com.)

bill

of ex-

change payable to the bearer


^j* eurm
pl. ji_^i

*s-s*
<~Jj~>

see

V
all

asrm anus

IT to exceed
overdo

bounds, be immodin at),

x*j* sarmad endless duration, eternity


t$X*j~.

erate,

be extravagant (j
(j

exagwaste,
(*,

aarmadi

eternal,

without be-

gerate,

s.th.);

to

ginning or end
2 Vd*^_r* earandib Ceylon

squander, dissipate, spend lavishly


s.th., esp.

J
1

money)

J>s* saraf

and

Jii_^l

isrf

intem-

j_r*

aarw

(coli.

n.

un.

evergreen cypreBS
bot.)

perance, immoderateness, exaggeration;

(Cupressus Bempervirens L.;


%

waste, difisipation, extravagance, prodigality


<Ji^_* musrif
jj-* II

(V* and the

6 or ) *1* i*y- to rid b.o. of worriea, ij


like, diapel a.o.'s

worries (also *

immoderate, intemperate,

worries); pass.

<* &j* and * je

excessive; extravagant, wasteful, prodigal


3j~> saraqa i (saraq, sariq,

^^

<*urrya) to leave b.o. (grief, bojtow, fear,

SJ^

aaraqa, sariqa,

and the
feel

like)

to regain one's composure,

\ij* aarq&n) to steal, pilfer, filch (* j*

at peace again (after anger, fear or


left

or *
*
s.o.

frorn s.o. s.th.); to rob (* ,> or

excitement); bis anxiety or unrest

of

s.th.) II

a thief
or ^WJ!

(* s.o.)

to aocuse of theft,
4JI _^iJl

call

him; he found relaxation; he was cheered


up, bis spirits were raised

jL- (nafara)
s.o.,

TU

c* isJ~i\

jU

to Bteal a glance at
s.o.; j>J!

*:*

&J*

{aurriya)
pl.
*\

glance furtively at

jL

(nau*

s*

tariy

Jy*

suratv'*,

*l;_^l

) to take a short nap

TU

paea. of I

asriy*', \\j* sardh high-ranking, high;

Tu!
s.o.);

to steal,

filch, pilfer
|

(j- * s.th. from

high-xninded,

noble; distinguished per-

to steal (JI into)

*JI

JJU

(sam'a)

sonality, notable; pl.


claas,
lj-

*\^

elite,

Ieading

to eavesdrop; to monitor (radio, tele-

phone,eto.);4JljUij^l
(^.LVl

= *Ji_^iJl JjU;

the Upper crust; see 1^_r-

MfdA
.

pl.

wl J-r- sarawt
the

hill;
|

back;

Jj^l to gasp, pant

ohief,
(j-Ul

head; see also ^j- sariy

ot Jythe

ij- aariqa stealing, filching, pilfering;

al-qaum

leaders

of

robbery;
l_r-

(pl. -t) theft,

larceny

people
4*j~S

frag thief
triq pl.
f.

Uuriya pL

-dt diversion,

amose-

JjU
umJj,
thief

fin,

j- awvju,
pl.

Jl^

ment, paatime
Jlj_r-

5*jU aariga

Jj|>- widrig*

moA, Je J-r- Viril pL Jj jl^ mfP tnxuers, pmoU; drawen

ord-

409

J~
(coli.)

is* tar i (^^- suran, lij- sarayn,

^j

lij- suryn Syrians

membera of the

masran) to travel by night; to set out, depart by night; to oirouUte; to flow


(electrio

East Syrian Churoh

(jU^

ourrent); to emanate, go out

euryni Syriao, Syrian; a

mem-

ber of the East Syrian Churoh

(,y from); to Bpread; to be valid,


validity,

have

be

efifeotive,

be

in,

or

come

i^jj^s* tarywarn (formerly) adjutant general

into, foroe

(J*

(J* for), have or take effect on); to apply, be applicable (Je


to

to); to penetrate (j s.th.), enter deeply

OL^
I

look up alphabetically

(j

into);

pervade
|

(*_

Jl

s.o.'s

*JJ look up alphabetioally


masfaba, misfdba
pl.

aoul, of

feeling)

l^-

^^

(*unJAu)

to traveree one's nightly courae ; *Ij*i*

^^.

ILL

~^IL^ masfib1

(maf'lvh) to be valid, be effeotive, be


in force

stone bench (against a wall); mastaba

IT to travel by night; to make


travel

^L- aafaha a (mfa) to Bpread out, spread,


unfold, unroll (a B.th.); to level, even,
plane, fiatten,

(v

s.o.)

by night V ^^-j
j^l asriya,
;

see

-r-

tarra

V
pl.

make smooth
feil (

(* B.th.); to
s.o.)

tfs* sariy
little

^ suryn
(military)

throw to the ground,


Bpread
s.th.);

II to (*

creek,

brook see also under ^ J\j[^.

out,

spread,

unfold,

unroll

is* aariya pl.

mry

to

level,

even,

plane,

fiatten,

detachment, flying oolumn, raiding party

make smooth
out,

(* s.th.)

V to be spread
be
leveled,

Company (m.)
ron of aircraft

\^. (kayyia) oavaliy squadron; ol/UJI Zj* aquad|

JL*

be

unfolded;
to
lie

to

be

evened ;

down on

one's

back
lie

VII to be Bpread out, be unfolded; to


flat

on one's back, be supine ^jL- sufh surface


(geom,);
(flat) (pl.

ljy^ iroyn spread, diffusion ; validity, efifeotiveness,

ooming into foroe

jJ*- safh pl.

(also

geom.);
iSj-* nuuran:

plane

also

4^U~I

.u* gj-* mtur muham*

attiha,

^L-l aafvh)

roof,

terraoe;

mad the
heavens,

point of departure for

Moham-

deck (of a sbip); rj~- sufh


roof terrace
level;
{

(eg., syr.)

med's midnight journey to the Beven


i.e.,

j*Jl

J*-

s. al-bafyr

sea

Jerusalem

JJL L-> inolined plane

1^1 rd* nootumal journey; I^-Vl

Mohammed's midnight journey


seven heavens

^fJ** aafhi ezternal, outer, outward,


outside.exterior; flat; superficial; c>L-Lsafhiyt externals, superficialities

to the

jU

srin pl.

*\^ twrh
in

traveling

by

^J*-- saphlya

fiatness;

superficiality

night; night reveler, night

hawk; conefifeotive,

tagious
valid valid
|

(disease) ;

foroe,

gL** Mffh
ont, Bupine

flat,

spread out, stretched

JjaU tijU in foroe,

efiFeotive,

^IL
mood
or atmosphere

misfdh threshing floor


-dt)

jjL sriya a

which prevaUs
(e.g.,

in, or pervadaa,

a room

ji_. mutoffah even, level, flat; (pl. urface i-J* ^jS (qadam) flat foot
|

i-l+Ll

j* 4jjU
(pl-

an all-pervading
mwdrin)
ool-

gloom);

h,

j\j0,

umn; Bhipmast
"tflj-

y*- aafara u {safr) and II to rule (* s.th.), draw lines (* on a sheet of paper); to
write, jot

down, record

(* s.th.)

to

draw

and

5j!j- look

up

alphabetically
|

np, compose (* B.th.)

, ;

Ja*
J+* fr, aafar
pl.

41

jj**>

su$r,

^L-l

(jL*) LU- f<J

asfur, jUc-1 <Mf<Jr line;

row

pounce,

u (safw, jL* Mfwa) to rush, jump (*-> or J* upon), assail,


or J* s.o.); to burglarize (J* break into a place (Je)
attack,
assault ;

j>L
ijj*~\

attack
1 dafr pl. j^lj- tttflr cleaver

(*->

place.),

usfra

pl.j*U-*l

asfir

fable,

_jL-

mfw

burglary

legend, saga,

myth; fabulous

Htory,

yara

housebreaking
_f

j j^L-l
ulous

iwfr mythical, legendary, fab-

L- sofwa

pl. tataivt

attack, assault

influenae, authority; presumption, cockiness, pride; power, strength

3 Ijk. mufara pl. Jl_* masfir ruler;

underlineB, guideline sheet; see also al-

phabetically

O v'^'
(ff.)

*A-

8 ^^

n^

ljL-l look
i*- ga'a see

up alphabetioally
-j

jU-* mfr trowel


,>jl*
j\U->

mMfarfa
fcuflr

trowel

jU-

ao'tar

(= ^)
bot.)

wild

thyme (Thymus

Berpyllum;
writing

down, recording
.u- o'ia a

^k. musaffar pieoe of writing, paper,

and pass. u'tda {'d,

ol *

'da) to be

happy, lucky, fortunate; pass.

document
,

V -u(eaf,

(*u'ida) to

have the good fortune

^t-

and derivatives look up alphabetioally


ofa'a

of reoeiving or sharing s.th. III to help,


aid, aastet ( s.o.,

or

J*

in, with),

give

^L-

^L

*u|fi')

to riBe; to

s.o. ()

a hand (j or J

in); to

support,

spread (dust, fragrance); to shine, be


brilliant,

baok

be radiant; to be or beoome

or Jp s.o. in); to oontribute, (j be conducive ( j or J, J to) to favor,


;

manifest, obvious, piain, olear

L- aaf

brilliance,

radianoe,

glow;

enoourage (j or J* s.th.) IT to happy ( s.o.); to help ( s.o.)

make
|

.u-1

brightness, luminosity

V
to

.Ui-1

(o22)

he had the good fortune

*k-

eafa'

thump, thud, plump

...

f-^L- ffi* brilliance, radiance, glow;

o*- j'd pl. fortune

i>*-' sv,' d

good

luok,

good

brightness, luminosity
Sj-uJl it-il aZ-tat'a a4-#a'<{ya the Saad-

L-1
clearer,

a^a' 2

moTO

brilliant,

brighter;
ist

union (formerly a
Egypt);
u^jJaJI

political

movement
the

more obvious
in
Jf'
pl.

as-sa'dlyn

Wfest,

*Uj<*

*#'

radiant,

Saadists, the followers of

Saad Zaghll

brilliant, shining,

luminous, bright ; mani-

(18561927)
o*- su'd Cyperus
i_*{bot.)

obvious, olear, piain, patent, evident

(proof)

m'

pl. 1.U-

su'ad**

happy
a.a4.

JL-

aaiala

(safl)

to intoxioate

s.o.)
(

TU

about, at); radiant, blissful; lucky,


^T-Ul
|

to

beoome or be intoxicated
satt

auspicious; felioitous
ufti

J^*^
late

JL-

pl.Jlk*l

o^<,

J>-

dihr of blessed

memory, the

bcket, pail (of


'JjL-l look
lk~

wood or metal)

oL-. sa'da happiness;

bliss, felicity;

up alphabetioally
plug, stopper

good fortune, sucoess, prosperity, welfare; title of

a pasha;

aa'dat

...

(with
(3yr.,

4dm

foll.

name)

title

of high

officials

411

J~
cU-qaf*
9.

Leb.)

dress to a pasha);

JjjU- Your Graoe (form of adSaLJI ^j-L title

disoount rate, bank rate; ULSJl

ai-qH'a prioe

by the

pieoe

of a pasha; JiLJl jla "Houae of Bliss",


anoient

j*- *u*r madness; frenzy; voracity j*- su'ur madness, frenzy

name of
aa'dl

Istanbul

&j~
ol.U*

Saudi

jyjl

SXll

4j^JI (mamlaka) Saudi


sa'dn
pl,

Anbia
ape
lj*-

jU-

su'r voracity

^.L- Jo'dfc 1
|

j**- sa'ir pl.


fire,

f*0 su'ur blazing fiame,

blaze; hell, inferno


pl.

lj*- ao'ddno

pl. .<U nipple, teat

^Ul doorknob
u-l

j~* mis'ar
fire

jt\~ mae&ir* poker,

iron

'od1 happier,

lackier

jU
fire

mis'r pl. jr*l moTlr* poker,

J*L mutfada

pl. -<U

Bupport, baok-

iron
ttu'ir prioing, prioe fixing

ing, aid, help, assistanoe;

enoouragement, j^-j
jm-j
|

promotion

J*U *TW
l

pl.

J*l^ saw'id* forearm


is

ttu'ira

prioing,

prioe

fixing

ycy\ .j*L- j* (atman) he


is

jruwlM jL lajnat at-t. prioe-fixing

com-

bis

right

h&nd, he

mission
indispensable to him; 4iil

J*U
s.o.

iftadda effidvh to

beoome

streng,

j*J tas'ira quotation (stock exohange)

powerful; J*L

J oi

(/otto)

to weaken
-U>-

jja* maVr mad, orazy

TOI

to snuff (a tobaoco)

;j*U tfida

pl.

ul^ eawffid* tributary


l*j> aa'f snuff

^ja_* ma#'&2 pl. -L*l_* mat'id* happy,


lucky, fortunate
J*l* musS'id helper, help, aide; assistant (adj.

Ju- mis'af snuffbox


Juu* III

to help, aid, Support


s.o.'s
()

( s.o.)
(*_*

IT to
for),

and

n.);

adjutant

comply with

wiahee

humor
U-. mtts'ad favored tunate lucky

(*_*

s.o. in),

grant (-

s.o.

s.th.);

by

fortune, for-

to help, aid, assist

( s.o.)

Juu* 3a' af (coli.; n. un.


u-

s'ara

(*'r)

to kindle, start (a a
flare up,

fire,

leaves
(Chr.)

J**.J\ j*-\

) pl. -t palm ahad as-$. Palm Sunday

a war) ; pass. su'ira to


II to kindle, start (*

run

mad

fire,

a war); to

JL-I

w'<J/

pl.

-#

aid,

relief,

help,

prioe (* s.th.), set a prioe (*

on

s.th.);

assistance; medioal servioe; J>L-V1 first

to quote on the stock market III to


bargain, haggle over the prioe
s.o.)
(

aid

J^mII

<jL-l
<JL-Vl

%.

al-'ajaza
1

care for
oi-i.

with

the

aged;
:

IT to kindle.
to

*:

/am'tyot

light,

start (* fire)

approx.

civil

ambulance Service; JU-j

to burn, blaze;

to flare

up

(anger)

TU

JiL-VI
medioal

first-aid

men, ambulance meu;


hospital
al-i.

beoome mad,

furious

Till

to

orderlies,

corpemen

burn, flare, blaze; to break out (fighting)

L-I/I IjL- aayyrat


J*~ sa'ala u (iku'ta,

ambulance
cough

j*-

ai'r pl.

jL-l tu'r prioe; rate; ex|

chango
-*i-*l
(4

rate, quotation (Btook market)


*.

JL-

*u*<U) to

j*-

(U-jpapm disoount rate,

bank
j**>
s.

*-

u'Za *u'di

cough cough
|

rate;

iJuLll

^*- rate of interest;


of
interest;

JL-

JlJI JUJI (diM)

SoIUH

rate

Ull

y^

whooping cough

JJtt'lA

412

pl.

ol-U-

ri'layl

female

iji-

IT to descend, sink,
fig.)
|

alip, deoline (flg.);


4JI

demon
tA*- 'HA pl.

to stoop (Jl to,

>JI J*J

(na-

JU- a'ditn female demon


(zool.)

foro) to give s.o.


eat,

a aharp look

Tm

to

ewallow (*

s.th. dry, e.g.,

a medioi-

jw
f

_jjl afrfl

*'n

marabou
to

nal powder)
Jj-i-

j*0 aa' a
Bpeed; to

(aa'y)

move

quickly, run,

aaff medieinal

powder

move

aoross the sky (moon);


for),

JLi-l iaff

deoline

(fig.); triviality

to head, be headed (Jl

prooeed

(Jl

to or toward); to strive (J or Jf for),


aspire

4*i* euftaja pl.

Li- aaftif

bill

of ezohange

(J

or

Jl

to);

to

work

(Jl,

(com.)

or Ijj

for),

endeavor, attempt,
or
Jl,

make
pur-

u tafaha a {safh,
oate
(

^ji* sufh) to pour out,

an

effort (Ijj

J to get or achieve
s.th.
(Ijj),

spl, shed (* s.th.)

in

to whore, forni-

.th.);

to

run
(Ijj

after

with

s.o.)

TI to whore, fornioate

sue,
(

ehaae

s.th.);
|

to take steps
i

in a matter)

Jl

**

y^> to lead

s.o.

or s.th. to ...;

ULJ ^j^l j
to

mountain);
,y*- (/

pl. r>*-*

nat, rocky surfaoe


killer,

J-ar# ftuddcm)
universal
*i]ij

spread

evil,

cause
i

-U-

M05A

shedder of blood,

hrm and damage;

**J-

^-

murderer
j-Li-

(li-haffihl bi-ffihi)

to bring afaout dig one's

/dA fornication

own destruotion, grave; .^1 v'>- J tf*


one's

own
.Li- jq/a

Qfarin i-i.) to

work at the ruin of


a.th.;

s.th.,

undermine

ta' a (^ m'y, IA*~ ri'ya) to


s.o., -U*

Blander (^

or Jf to

s.o.),

discredit

(x* or

Jl iy s.o. with)

TI to run about

a and tafada i (iLi- n/do*) to oover, mount (Jp or U the female); to cohabit (U with a woman) II to put on a skewer (* meat) III to oover, mount (U the female); to cohabit (U with a woman)
Ajju*

in confusion

nffd

pl.

-LilU affid1 skewer,

^mony

aa'y run, oourse; ,j*JI the oere-

spit
jjt- tafara

of running seven times between

(jji-

au/fir)

to remove the veil her faoe),

af& and Marwa (performed during the


Pflgrimage); effort, endeavor; livestook

(Lfrt*-j jfr

'an xvajhih from

unveil

o.a.;

safara

(aa/r) to shine,

iU-

9%

ya Blander, calumniation
pl.

glow (aurora)
olose

II to unveil,

uncover, dis-

^f-* mas'an endeavor


f-U*5*t
offloe

pt maATtn

effort,

(* s.th.);

to send on a joumey,

oompel to leave, send away


put on board

s.o.);

to

dispatoh, send off (* B,th.); to embark,


pl. -fln, iL*-

t'dA mesaenger;

(*

passengers) III to travel,

boy, delivery boy; slanderer, oa|

make a

trip; to leave, depart,

go on a
s.o.'s

lumniator
i_-i-

>b jJI

je-U poetman, mailman

journey IT to shine, glow (aurora,


face, etc.); to discloee, unveil,

aaQiba a (0ai) to hunger (J for),

be

unoover

or

beoome hungry
i_-i-

(^

s.th.);

to yield, aohieve, bring (j*


in), result

s.th.); to

end (,> with,

(o*in)

aya hunger, starvation

Tu

to

rise,

disappear (dust, clouds)

iU- o^d&a hunger, starvation

jjLJI aa-aafr the travelera, the passengers


jjt-

Li, masgaba famine


i_-pU S> hungry, starving

nfr

pl. jLi-i

asfr

book

(esp.

one

of the Soriptures)

413

frto

j* aafar deporture;

(pl. jli-l

aafar)

Aap the wings,

flutter (bird)

to strike,
( s.o.);

journey, travel, trip, tour


\j* safra
trip,
*

hit (* s.o.

with tbe hand), slap

pl. aafart

journey, travel,

to lash (* B.th., e.g., of a storm)

tour
pl. -St

*- aaf burned spot


journey, travel,
i*i- auf'a pl. *- aufa'

j- safariya

blaok stain

trip, tour;

departure
pl.

dark spot, brown discoloration


^i-l asfa'',
f.

*jx-

mfra

^- *u/ar dining table


{eg.) pl.

Li- saf** dark-brown


bang, slam (*

ijrj** aufragt
waiter, Steward

<~v~ aufragiya

ji- a/oga u
the door)

(*a/g) to shut,

j*- aafxr pl. Ij-

t/ard* 1 mediator

(between oontending parties); ambassador


(dipl.)

dU-

aaf aha

(a/jfc)

to shed

(*

blood)

VI to murder each other VII to be shed,


flow (blood)
(of

jjm aufr uncovering of the face


a veiled woman) ; unveiling
Jjliaifra
office

iUshed

j/i:

L-iJf

iU-

a.

od-dirnd* blood-

or funotion of
(dipi.)

mediator, mediation; embaasy

4U-

x0&fc shedder of blood;

blood-

ahedding

^l. masfir*
covered by the

(pl.)

part of the face not

veil

^U

afir

unveiled, wearing

no
(pl.

Ja- aafala u (J>i- sufl, Jli- *i/dj) and fila a to be low; to be below B.th. (*);
veil;

aafala u to turn downward; safvla


% (Ulilow,
aafala)

barefaced, conspicuous, obvious ;


tafara) scribe

jA*

and

aafala

(mJI) to

be

base,

despicable

to abse

o.s.,

^L-. musfir pl. -n traveler passenger


;

sink low, go rrom bad to worse; to aot

visiting stranger; guest


n. un. 3)

J*->i-

aafarjal

(coli.;

pl.

rjU-

Ja-

avfl

lowest part of

s.th.,

bottom

aafrij* quince (Cydonia; bot.)

Ji~
sophis-

aufli lower,
aifla;

at the bottom; low


li.

aafaafa sophistry; pl.


tries,

olL-i|

^Ul

an-nd lowly

casuistic

argumenta

JU-J.JI J*l

people, rifiraff

ahl aa-a. the Sophist

LL- aafla lowneas; lowneas; base1

l-*' safsafi sophistio;

Sophist
silly talk,

ness, ignominy, despioableness


iJ

aafaafa pl. Ji^LU

aafaif1

LL- mt/dia lowest part

nonsense; poor, inferior stuff


,Jl_i- aafaf pl. t_i^LL- aafaif1 silly,

JJ-I

asfaP,

f.

Ji-

*u/tt,

pl.JiU

aaP lower; lowest; lower or lowest


part,

inane, trivial; poor, inferior

jj*VI <jli-

bottom; Ji-I <M/a&i (prep.) under,


|

poor, inferior stuff


J*i- aafof pl. iLL-l <m// basket; scales (of

underneath, below

JiJI ,j>jVl

(artf)

the nether world; ,>liU J*-l iAj nxUo

A aafala

Afilin

to reduce a.o. to the

nah)

lowest level or Status

*- aafa'a a {aaf) to soorch, paroh, burn


( s.o.

JiU
base,

aOfil

pl.

<U-

aafala

low; knrry;

# s.o. 's akin; eep. of

a hot wind);

mean, despioable

^
clisaflata

414

to

oover

with

aaphalt,

to

J-

saf

i (safy)

to raiae

and

scatter (* the

asphalt

dust ; said of the wind) IT do.


aaphalt

ci-l aa/a

#LfU sfiya* dust

UJLL- sajlaqa Bponging

maefan

s.th.

whirled

up;

play-

thing, sport

(fig.)

J}U- ai/Wj Bponger


j*i- eafin wedge
1

ji- a/an coarse hide used for polishing;

emery paper, sandpaper


*(>jL-

jLi- Bigra

IjL*?

cigarette

Ai/m ships

(coli.);

ship; eee also alpha-

iJ

LL- (It. scala) saqla scaffold

betically

Jk* sogar*
pl.

f.

hell

i-i- safina
/'*n*

ji^ aufun,
boat ;

JU-

az
)r\j*-

ship,
|

vessel,

*^i-J1

Argo
gun-

suqrp Socrates
saqsaqa
chirping,

(aa(roB.)

i-*i.U <-Jl*

(mwf/a'iya)

cheeping, peeping

boat; U*j t-i- an(l triJ^' ^s*-* training

(e.g.,

of Bparrows)

ship
uLi*- saffn shipbuilder,

ahipwright
shipeijna

saqafa

(i-ji- suqf,

-Li nww^) to
aotion) ; to
trip,

fall
fall

(also

= to

be

killed in

i>Ubuilding
'j^i-t look

(art

or trade of)

down, drop; to tumble,


out (hair); to sink

slip;

to

fall

up

alphabetically

^jL- safanj, sifanj and pliJ u/an; aponge


<i- safiha

to tut, stumble (J# aoross s.th. (J*); to find (J* s.th.); to get, come (Jl to s.o.), reaoh (Jf s.o.);
to);

down (J* on, upon), oome

to decline, sink, drop (Standard); to be-

(safah)

and safuha u (**U- *>


call (*,

come
drop
(j*
{

null

and
to be

void,

be abolished, be

/Aa) to be stupid, siUy, foolish; to be

canceled;

dropped, be omitted,
mi&sing; to
|

impudent, insolent II to
a.th.)

s.o.,

out ;

to

be

esoape
i*-J

stupid or foolish; to deolare

{ s.o.)

s.o.),

Bp (j*

s.o.'b

memory)

legally inoompetent; to depreciate,

put

J*-Ji) li-yasqut (fal-yasquf)

down with ...

down make
of

as inferior (* s.th.)

*-

<i- to

<t
l

...;
.

to drop s.o. or s.th.; *i* ^Jl J*-

a fool of
s.o.,

o.s.

<+-j
s.o.

*** (wajhah)

they had had word from him that

to expose
s.o.,

show
s.o. s.o.

up,

make

a fool

he
in

<-*\j

- (ra'auh)
. . .

bring

in disoredit, disgrace

. . ,

hiB birthplace was

he was bom o^iJI j* J*-

s.o.,

dishonor

VI to pretend to be

('w^unya) to be dropped from


ship;
s.o.'s

memberdrop in

stupid or foolish
<JL*

4L* ,y

fat'ntf)

to

safah foolishneaa, stupidity, bU-

estimation;

ness ; impudence, shamelessness, insolence


*Jl* safih
pl. >1^jL>

an examination,
}l

UwVl j -Ui- to fail flunk; *Jj j J*i- svqifa


loss,
(*,
*
fall,

yadxhx to stand aghast, be at a

aufah*
Billy;

1
,

Li*-

si-

be bewildered IV to let
s.o.
,

drop

fh foolish, stupid,

fool;

an

in-

a.th.)
s.o.

to
()

make
to

s.o.)

tumble,

oompetent

(Jsl.

Law); impudent, shamefellow


silli-

cause

slip;

to

overthrow,
s.o., s.th.);

lesa, insolent; insolent

bring down, topple,


to fail, flunk
( s.o.

feil (*,

i*U- aafha fooshnesB, stupidity,


nees;

in an examination);
airoraft); to deduot,

impudenoe,

shamelessness,

inso-

to shoot

down

(*

an

lence

eubtraot (* a number); to eliminate (*

418

JSfaU
|

s.th.

j- from); to have a miscarriage,

(u/71)

ground plan,

miscarry; to bring about a miscarriage

(woman); to Blink
animal) deprive
j

(*

iba

young one;
(j'inafyo)

elevation, vertioal aection (arch.); J&_*

* U-l

j. <LL-I

to

^ m.

ar-ra'a birthplace,

home
(Beaport

s.o.

of bis citizenship;

j <i*,jy>>

,LLI

(o^aA) to

-Li MMgo^ 1
capital of

Muscat

forfeit one's right in s.th., B.th.;


.LJL-t

and

waive one's claim to

Oman)

(da'w) to quash a complaint, nonsuit a caae; to withdraw or drop a complaint ;


loss
j*)\ iti-l
.Oj

-UU-1 isgf overthrow; shooting


(of

down

an

aircraft);

miscarriage, abortion;
|

(Sa'ra)

to

cause
/f

deduotion, Bubtraotion; rebate


V-*4-l
t>-

iLL-V!

of

hair;
-b

.LL-I

tw*yi/a
/

(jinsiya) abrogation of citizen-

yadiki

.Li-

*^/a

yadihi

ship;
ilJjiJl

gation of
(jfnwrt

citizenship;

i*J

iUL-l

V to

Iearn gradually, pick


> about
|

up information
to

ai-/.)

devaluation

of the

(>

s.th.

from);

hunt for

franc

scraps jL*^Vl J*iJ to gather informatioD

-LiLJ

tasquf

loas

(of

hair)

JJUJ

VI to
fall

fall

down, come down, oollapse

to

jUI snowfall

successively or gradually; to fall out

JJU *i^
mean,
triot);

pl. .Uli.

uggdf fallen; base,

(hair); to

come gradually
*-Ju

(Jl to), arrive

one by one
to dribble
|

vile; disreputable, notorious (dis-

(Jl at); to roll, drip (,>. off);

omitted, missing; forgotten


;

collapee; L*IL*-

J* ^LJ to break down, iJLJ (hufman) to go to

*UU sgifa scrap


harlot

(pl. -t)

fallen

woman,

ruin, disintegrate
Jfc2- saqp

dew

*\J*m mqufr'* Socotra (island,

S of Arabia)
,

i*- aiqf miacarried fetus

- taga'a a

(sag')

toalap, clap
(eg.)

(*,

s.o., s.th.)

J*- saqf,

siqf, auqj

sparks flying from

** musaqqa'a

dish of eggplant

flint
.Li*,

and meat
saqaf pl,
J..L-I

asgf

any worthleHs
|

_-

II

to provide with a roof or ceiling,


s.th.)

thing; offal, refuse, rubbish, trash; junk

roof over (*

fULl -Li-

*.

al-mat' waste, scrap(s)


i-i*- saqf pl.

j^i-

sugf, . *-S- auguf,


|

,Ja* saqafi

junk
pl.

dealer,

ragman
tumble,

Jii-I

a*p*/ roof; oeiling

jU-l

jii-

*.

iki- sagfa

saqatt

fall,

ol-holq palate

plunge; oversight,

slip, error,

mistake
|

i^-

aoqifa pl. ijuli- aaq'if* roofed

IpLLJI iitlLi-. inisprinte, errata

passage; roofed gallery; roofing, shelter

J^i- *uj
airplane);

fall,

tumble; crash (of an

cU-J

tasqif roofing
(<^ with)

collapae,

breakdown,
_^UI

ruin;

J> masqf roofed, covered


JtiJ
twgt*/ pl.

decline, downfall, fall; devolution (of


right)
loas
;

slip,

lapee
j

i-^

ai-la'r

iU

asqifa look

up alpha-

of hair; j\L.^\ .U^i- rainfall

betically
3JUL.

-LJi at/tf

hau
(eff.)

look up alphabetically
( s.o.)

iLli- 'ao^gfa,

auqgfa door latch


.Li L_,

*-- saqlaba to throw down

.Li* masqaf, mtugif pl.

masqi{ a

JiSlavic

ijfat

pl.

UIU

*jy<S7i6a

Slav;

place where a falling object lands ; water -

r;
Im saqima a
ailing;

416

(saqam) and eaquma

u (svqm,
sick,
ill

offloe

of one
for

in

oharge

of providing

fli- saqm) to be or

beoome
lean,

water

Mecca

pilgrims) ;

watering

to

beoome
IV

tbin,

skinny;

place; drinking vessel

to be poor, meager, measly II to


sick
(. b.o.)

make

=H
asqm
lnesa, sick-

J_

misq

pl.

jl masqin

[tg.)

irri-

gation oanal
liL-*

A- suqm

pl. / li-l

musqh shareoropping oontraot


Law)
|

ness; leanness, thinness, flkinnineaa

over the lease of a plantation, limited


to one crop period
(lal.

A- saqam

pl. flL-l

tugdm

illness; aick-

ness; leanness, thinness, skinniness

#U-i-l iatisq* dropsy


salt al-ist.

li-L-VI

'iL

aUL-

saqm

lnesa, aiokness; leanness,

prayer for rain


istisq'i

thinness, skinniness

JtL-L-l

dropsioal,

hydropio
eupbearer,

--

2?im
sick,

pl. (LLill,

*tgm,

^L*

ntlean,

JU

saqin

pl.

Li-

suqh

qam' 1

ailing;

skinny,

Ganymede,

saki

emaoiated; meager, measly; poor, faulty


(language)
aL.

JL* sqiya barmaid;


seriously suffering; con-

(pl. tS'>- so*

wqin) rivtdet; irrigation diteh, irrigation

misqm

oanal; water sooop; sakieh, water wheel

stantly ailing, siekly

jJL aakka u (sakh) to look, bolt (* the door)


IjUL- siqwa glandera

to mint, eoin (* money);

sahka

(Ist

J- so^d

(saqy) to give (*

s.o.

fl.th.)

to to

pera. perf. aakiktv)

a (di- sahah) and

drink,

make

s.o.

(*)

drink (*

s.th.);

VIII to be or

become deaf
pl.

water (*

cattle, plante);

to irrigate (*
|

C
die;

sikka

iiC
(tg.)

sikak

(minting)

s.th.); to dip,

sooop,

draw (water)
steel

Jto

ooin;

road;

aidestreet,
\

lane

iV>JI (jl&4a) to temper


give (*
*

III

(narrower than fjli San')

-U--1
S-e-'jJ

*<-

s.o.

s.th.)

to drink; to oon(*

and
mint

iJjJJ-l

iSL-Ji

railroad;

clude a lease oontraet

with

s.o.;

cf.

(tird'iya)

Seid path, dirt road; &-1I jl*

iUL ) IV to

give (*

s.o. s.th.)

to drink, to water

make
(*

s.o.

()

drink (*

s.th.);

K-

sukin
asakV,

pl. -dt

rudder
oifcr,
pl.

oattle,

plante);

to irrigate (* s.th.)

VD3

to ask (,>

s.o.) for

a drink; to draw

iU
uU

f.

ISL-

iL-

water (,> from); to draw (j* * s.th., e.g., Information, knowledge, eto., from), take,
borrow, obtain (,> *
(,>
s.o.) for

deaf

*$[,.

s.th.

from)

X to ask

hole (hm.)

maskka pl. -dt ooin; drain olj.l ^U 'um al-m. nu|

a drink

(also * for s.th.); to

mismaties
ijSL* aigra pl. ./TSC- afftfir1 (Syrian spell-

pray for rain

J- saqy watering;
yt,

irrigation

ing) oigarette

UL- siq* pl. i.i-1 asqiya,

oUU
i

asqi*

jUI asqin waterakin, milkwk n


pl.

^jtS idrin Saccharin

#UL- saqqa

- water carrier;

kJ^

sofcifta

(satt)

to poor out, shed,

pelioan (zooL)

apfll(*s.ta.)VIIto poarf6rth.be poared


oat, be shed, be spled

UU

aiqya Irrigation, watering; affloe

of water snppfier (pec^ the traditional

/^-S. maskab
ing pot, cruoible
<-*_j-*
pl.

t^TL* maskib 3 melt-

j~ sakra
tozication,
a.

pl. aakart

inebriety,
|

in-

drunkenness

>jl\

*j*>

masfeMya melting pot, cruaible


vinegar

al-maut agony of death

^LX- m&hJj meat cooked in


C-- aakata u
J<) to
(*afa,

lj- aakrn',
eukr,

f.

tf^** sakr,

pl.

tfJSL*

sakr
|

drunk,

intozioated;
(cooq.)

Oj~

tJhW,

oKL-

drunk drunk
j&~-

lJ*

ul^C

(fina)

dead

be

silent,

say not hing; to beoome

silent, Iapse

into silence; to be or be-

silckir

drunkard, heavy drinker

oome
over

quiet,

calm down, subside; to pass


not to answer
jSC-. mvskir pl. -t alooholio beverage,
intozicating Liquor

B.th. (jt) in silence;

(je s.o.); pass. eukita to have a stroke


(med.)
|

i_-*i*J!

<c*

c-* (gadab) his anger

^- II to sugar,

aprinkle with sugar (* s.th.)

abated
(*,
*

II to silence, oalm, soothe, paoify

to oandy, preserve with sugar (* B.th.)

s.o., s.th.);
( s.o.)

to order to be silent,

hush up

IT do.; to conceal,

j~ eukkar
sweetmeats,
j^ll

sugar;

pl.

jTKL- aakkir*
oandies
J

re-

fuse to teil (* s.th.)

oonfeotionery,

C--

saht

silence;

taoituinity,

reti-

jruul
s.

_j-

fruotose, levuloee, fruit sugar;

maitose, malt sugar; *T^*Ji

j-

cenee J cXJl Je silently, in silence, quietly

al-*inab deztro-glucose, deztrose, grape

<failure

sakta silence, quiet; stroke, apo\

sugar; t_l

_-

s.

al-qasab saooharose,

plexy (med.)

3JU <&-

(qalblya) heart

sucrose, cane sugar; ^i!l


laotose, milk sugar;

j-

a.

al-laban

oLdl j- .an-no&df
^^CJI
_

sugar oandy, rock candy;

oKLioence

suki silenoe;

taciturnity,

ret-

go^ob as-8. sugar oane; ^^CJI


o8~B. diabetes

j^. marod

jj* sukt

silence; tacitumity, ret-

tfjS^- tfcfearf

sugar

(adj.),

sugary, like

icence; see also alphabetically

3j*

suktiti taciturn, reticent

IjjC oonfectionery; sweetmeats, candy tfj&JI JjJl


sugar, saooharine;
|

^^

OjS-- sakt taciturn, retioent


C~SL sikkit habitually silent

(marod

al-baul) diabetes

"<i_^- ntkkariya sugar

bowl
confeotionery,

TL skit silent,
icent;
still,

mum;

ol^Sw.
taciturn, ret-

muaakkart

quiet, oalm, tranquil; quies-

sweetmeats, candy
*jKL- pl. j-'KL- Iook
i

cent (letter)

up alphabetioally

\*

sakara

(sakr) to shut, close, Iook, bolt

\ J~*

Iook

up

alphabetioally

(* s.th.)

n do.
al^*> (It. tciirtd) MJturtdA insuranoe

^-

sakira

(eakar, aukr) to be drunk; to


ijjljfiL*

(Fr.

eer#aro<)

ejfcreiriya

get

drunk, beoome intozioated IT to


tariat; seoretaryship

seare-

make drunk,
s.o.)

intozicate,

inebriate

VI to pretend to be drunk

Jifi>- (It. searto) sikart ootton

waste
|

j- aukr intoxioation, inebriety, drunk-

jfi~* (Fr. aecraire) sekreter seoretary

_^-

pU (*dmm)

secretary-general
jfarettnya searetariat

j^

tokor an intoxioant; wine

3jj^-

/**-_- tJfcurruja,
rij 1

418

sukruja

pl.

j&* *&

s.th.) reassnre,

appease, plaoate

( s.o.),

bowl; platter, plato


sukrz Saccharose, sucrose

soothe, allay, alleviate {* pain,

and the
(*

Uke);

(gram.)

to

make voweUess
it

jj^lf ~*

consonant,
following

i.e.,

pronounoe

without a

aukkarin Saccharin
II

vowel)
(

m
*

to live together,

share quartera

with

s.o. in)

IV to
(

jJL-

tasaksaka to behave in a servile

give
s.o.);

or allocate

living

quarters

to
in)

manner

to settle, lodge, put


live together,

up

{*

s.o.

UL-

suksuka wren

(?)

VI to

share quartera
for rest;

dJL5wi feuafoufc servity


J_>-- fc*3nt Saxonian; Saxon

&- sahan

means or time
habitation;

dwelling, abode,
area,

inhabited

human

habitations; ashes

U^S^<
->

*fc*3myd Saxonia

j-

sakani sahen, ash-gray


olTj*-

to grope about (-JU1 af-fulmata in

oljj^j
Situation

the dark) ; to loiter, loaf, hang around ; to

fl

haraktihi wa-

sakantihi in all his doings; in every

proceed aimlesely, dawdle, potter

Jl aJ*

SwII -- (Aaif f-(a*o&h**u) to drive


B.o.

out into the dark, leave

s.o.

to an

IXCijSi

sakina

pl. -t

residence,

home

unoertain fate
(_j-> sakkf

sukn oalm, tranqulity, peaee;


quiet;

shoemaker

silence,

(gram.) vowellessness of

a modial consonant; the graphio Symbol


4lC- *tJbd/o shoemaker's trade, shoe-

of this vowelleBBneas

j-'LUl

0j- serious-

making
JSUl
wfcl/

ness, sedateness, gravity

and

jtC-l

wid/i

pl.

OiSL-

sakkn outler
pl. -t

TUi
Untel

askifa shoemaker

utSU eukkn

rudder
f.,

-l

tukuffa

threshold,

doorstep;

,>&*
lintel

sikkin

m. and

pl.

u^-

**

tjTU W/

hkln* knife

c*> aakina

pl.

JlC

sak'in*

imma-

*jO
1

pl. JS*"L 1

look up alphabetically
{i)j*

nenoe of God, presence of God; devout,


God-inapired peaee of mind; oalm, tranqufflity,

jS^- liona

mHn)

to be or be-

oome

still,

tranqu, peaoeful; to oalm


rest; (gram.) to

peaoe
knife

down, repose,

be vowel-

liS^Mina

less (eonaonant, Le.,

have no vowel im-

mediately fbUowing); to abate, snbeide,


rannte

J&*
jdum
|

tuJcnd Kving, dwelling; atay, so-

eaan

to paaa,

and the Uke); 90 cwy (j* from s.o., pain),


(anger, pain,

JSUI J* mahaU aas.


aJtdHni outler

place of

leare (j*
unxuffied

lo,
( Jl

pain); to remain cahn,

^J~tC
jSL*
Jjfcin'

at, in the face of); to

be
at

moJban,

moan pL jTl ma-

reaarored (J, Jl by); to rely (J, Jl on),


traat,

dwelling, abode, habitation; honse;

have faith
( Jl

home
it
(_

in, at) ;

sahana
(._

(J, Jl in); to feel


v,

(eakan,

j-

home, residence, domicile

eukn) to live, dwell

or j, * in), inhab s.o.,

0^J

toskin pacifioation, tranquiliza*

or j, a s.th.) II to oalm (*,

tion, placation

419

Jalip (Jl

lCl m&

settling, settlement; allo-

away, escape; to epread, extend, get


to),

oation of Irving quarters

reaoh (Jl s.th.); to

fllip,

slink,
o.a.,

jTU

dJb'n

pl. -fln,

c*

MJhzna,
still;

sneak, steal (Jl into); to betake


f.

jTtj- atwSn 1 calm, motionless,


standing (water);
(pl.

go

Jl to,

with seoret designa); to invade,


enter (Jl s.th.); to penetrate

voweUess (medial oonsonant) ; stagnant,

infiltrate,
(

statio (eleotricity )
ajfeana) dweller,

to, as far as)


slip

Tu

to steal away, slink


alip, slink,

o&~

sukk&n, "<S^

away,

away, esoape; to

inhabitant, resident, oooupant; t^Jl the

sneak, steal (Jl into); to infiltrate (Jl


s.th., also pol.);

population bJ-1
j

jf U

inhabitant of Par-

to advanoe singly or in
field; mit.);

adise,

deceased person, one of blesaed

small groups (troops in the

memory; jl j%rf* populous; jy V b5*U (yuAarriu) he doesn't budge, he


doesn't bend

to have pulmonary tuberculosis, be con-

Bumptive VIII to pull out or remove


gently
(*
s.th.);

hu

little finger,

he remains
{Jjbno*

to

withdraw gently

immobile, apathetio;
Afl)

cTU
s.o.

(* s.th., e.g.,

iJ_^-

S* kaffah one's hand, j

to rouse, agitate

from); to unsheathe, draw (thesword);


to wrest, snatoh (* j* from
s.o. s.th.)

<jj ffuuUH populated, inhabited;

haunted

(plaoe);

poesessed
ia

(person)

J-*
|

tau basket
si,

*ij$*~* jlill

the house

haunted

J-

9U oonsumption, phthisis, tu|

jSlJ.1 al-maskna the inhabited world,

beroulosis
ouloeis;

Jj-uJl

the world

<jyj\ JJf

JJ! (tadarruni) tuber(ri'awi) pulmonary

tuberoulosis

jj_*

fliojfcfinl

eoumenioal (CAr.)

iL daa
paoifier, soother;
(pl.

pl.

J^U

ttdf

basket

U-

j-* rnuauUm

Cj^L+LI

oJ-muAfnaJdt wastepaper basket;


(M-*. basketball

-t) sedative, tranquilizer

UJI IjT iura*


fellow Citizen,

(^Tl.

mu*SHn

pl. -fln

J~L- ftl
flcion,

drawn (sword); desoendant,

neighbor

son
pl.

'<- and

<jt-* pl.

^"' 1^ U P alpha-

*LL #&>
desoendant
J^L

JJ^- JiTtP

(female)

betioally
,>.*iSl-

sakanjabin oxymel {pharm.)

z& basketmaker, basket weaver


pl. -dt

LiljjxiC- tfcandin/iyd

and jUxiC- sikandi*

J^U aulta

desoendant, soion;

nwa Soandinavia

progeny, offspring; family; raoe; strain,


stock, provenienoe (of economio plants)

jUx-

rikandin&fi Soandinavian

J^U
&j$L* (Hebr. aukkq): O^CJI
.u>
'tf

sulli family (adj.)

-*.
iL-*

mwaa

pl. -<W,

Jl*

masW

large

Sukkoth, Feast of Tabernacles (Jud.)


JL.
1

needle, paok needle; obelisk

ki

JLJ

tatavl infiltration (pol.); offaide

J-

of imperative of

JU

position (in football, hockey, eto.)


a'aZa

J^LJl

insill

infiltration

(pol.)

J-

aa u (j) to pull out, withdraw, or

remove gently
sumptive

(* s.th.); pass.

aua to

Jji*

masll

consumptive,

affeoted

have pulmonary

tuberouloeis,

be oon-

with pulmonary tuberoulosis

to steal away, slink away,

U.

miutaUa

pl.

hW

offprint (.)

420

V-

aaia'a a {aal') to olarify (* butter)

-:&-!

wf2d&

spoliation,

plundering,

.^U *T

pl.

UUt

tuITa olarified butter

looting, plage, robbing

JU
*1^U alfa salad

slib

negative (adj.);

(pL *J1j~

Hrtifc 1 )

negative (phot.)

j^U

u&fof Slavio; (pl. .fi) Slav


aaZdjfin red lead,

-jJ fluwifli unsuooessful

jy^U

minium

aiX- Miotand martingale (of the haroess)


ilJU aoiota

j^U

see jL-

iu

to extraot, pull out


s.th., esp.

(* a.th.)

diJ^U atttniP Salonica


Qreeoe)

(seaport

in

NE

to ohop off (*

a part of the

body)

Tu

to steal away, slip

away

yt
*

aoJooa

gU
(i)
(,>

kXq

(eg.)

jL-

to take away, steal, or *

wrest, snatch

from

s.o. fl.th.),

US-Jl

as-aijiqa the Seljuks

rob, strip, dispoasess, deprive (j*


s.o.

or

of a.th.); to plunder,
;

jJU saljam turnip

(Brassioa rapa; bot,);


bot.)

(eg.)

rifle,

loot (.

s.o.,

s.th.)

to strip of arma and olothing

rape (Brassioa napus;

a fallen enemy); to withhold (*


s.o. a.th.),

^U

salaha a (salh) to void ezorement; to


(bird) II to
o.s.

from

deny

(*

to

s.o. s.th.);

saliba
hJU
ing,
L--LJI

drop dng

arm

(*

s.o.

with)

a {mab) to put an or wear

to

arm

VI to engage in battle,

mourning, be in mourning

to be in

fight, croas

awords

mourning Vin

= ataba
negation
|

JL
i.^*

salh

and jr^U sulh excrementa,

soft spoliation, plundering, loot-

dng, droppings
jr"5U aith pl. *>*L1 asliha

plage, robbing;

arm, weapon;

'almai as~s. minus sign (matk.)

arms, weapons; service (as a branoh of the


|

L mZU

negative (also

el.);

passive

armed

foroes);

armor;
|

steel gripper, ateel

^J>\ 4)I or <-iJl <-jUil (muqwama)


passive resistanoe

olaw; plowehare
air force; L-jjI

Ol jJJl

^^U . af-fayarn
ai-furtn oavalry

^^U #.

S-X- oftfya negativism, negative atti-

j-SJi

iiLi

AJ

<w-*. bristling

with axma,

tude

armed to the
oloi pl.

teeth;

**-%* L>

saama

u-U
of

v^-'

&&

eithdh to lay
loot, booty,

down

one'a arma, surren-

der
jIj*-S**

plunder, spoils; hide, ahanks and belly

slaughtered
(ey.)

animal;

ropes,

ni&hddr aword-bearer, Bhield-

hawsere
-*>U

bearer, aquire

nlOb pL c-U tuhtb blaok olothing,

-L

ealth

pL - apoatle

(Chr.)

mourning (worn by women)


-*^-

jL-J tadty pl.

hW arming, equipping;
rein-

otfdo robber, plunderer, looter

armament, rearmament; armoring,

foroement (in ferrooonorete oonatruobion)


_L- aftb itolen, taten, wrested

away

JLi
^>jL\ udHb
pl.

tasauh armament, rearmament


ai-(,

v-JU

aadKo1 method,

^Llll

jL* *M?

arma raoe

way, prooedure; oourae; manner, mode,


fasnkm; style
ouliarity
(eap. literary); atylistio pe-

JL*

muMStA armorer

(of an

author)

jli5*

*->J^'

JL* miuaJtaA armed; armored, reinforoed (with ateel); => Fr. arme*
{

(KOM)

literary style

oljil

421

O^
make
due
tractable,
(*,

*!,

i.1

(qwt) the
(iimanl)

armed

forcee;

cjj*I

render o bedient, subs.th.);


s.th.)

i*

ferroconcrebe,

reinforced
do.;

s.o.,

to

make

easy,

conorete;

**J *Uy- (aMrw)


(*?*?) wired glasa

smooth, fluent (*

r Vi

^JL
(j-L*

sola* incontinence
salis

of urine
pliable,

;LiJL aulahfh, sahjh pl. iJu-^U salhif2


turtle, tortoise

traotable,

docile,

compliant,
fluent

obedient;
|

flexible,
l

smooth,
al-qiyd

<JLi*J- guiahf'lya dawdling, dilatoriness

(style)

jLill

r^'

s.

tractable, pliable, docile, oompliant, obe-

dient

Jl- salaka a
(*
s.th.);

u (*i#) to
{je-

pull off, fitrip off L--^U


docility,
.aLl

to skin, flay (* an animal); *


s.th.

salsa

traotability,

pliability,

to detach

from);

to end,

compliance,
s.

obedience

(also

terminate, conclude, bring to a close (*

i^-^U

al-qiyd);

smoothneas,

a period of time); to spend (* a period


of time,

fluency (of style)


t^-UI
pliable,
aalas*

doing

s.th.)

to peel (skin,
off,

more

traotable,

more

from Bunburn) VII to be stripped


,> the slough, the skin), Btrip
(je-,

more obedient; more

flexible,

be shed (skin, slough); to shed, cast off


(jt-,

smoother, more fluent

off,

take off

j- clothing); to abandon,
;

J^j

saUabiP

name of a

spring in Para-

give up, cast off (* a trait, a quality) get detached


(je,

to
off

dise; spring, well

^. from),

come

(j*> i>); * withdraw, retire (,> from);

JU

sdUala to link together, ooncatenate,


interlook,

interlink,
s.th.
<_>

connect,

unite

to pass, end (month)


Jl-

(*

with); to chain up, enchain, fetter,


(

aalk detaching; skinning, flaying;

shackle
into)
|

s.o.);

to pour (j

LLl

water

snakeskin,

slough

end of the month


(kasab) (barkless)

Jl

JL-

to trace s.o. 's lineage

L
soft

aalk:

^i.

back to

s.o.

II tasalsala to flow

down,

wood, alburnum, sapwood


*,

trickle (in

a continuous stream); to drip,


in

dribble,

fall

drops (water); to form a

^iJU sak pl.

-n butcher
flayed;
tosteless,

chain or

seriea,

be continuous; to be

nX>

sallk Bkinned,

interlinked, interlocked, linked together,

insipid (food)

concatenate
Chinese cinnamon
casaia;
bot.);

<iJ

Mlika

tree

JU
JL.JU

salsal cool fresh


silsila
pl.

water
salsiP

(Cinnamomum

cinnamon
J-*"^
iron

bark, cassia bark

chain; chain (also


pl. -t

flg.);

series (of essays,

<jU*U Mlkna
abattoir

slaughterbouse,

articles,

etc.) j^LJl

JLA-I
s.

ii_L-

mountain

chain;

U..-U

az-qahr backbone,

i* rnaslak pl. 1 maalik 2 slaughterhouse, abattoir


r^L~* mislk snakeskin, slough

vertebral column; j^JI


do.;
(.-jjtlf^l

JU1

(faqriya)

U..-L fabric of lies;

L-

(_-Jjl *.

an-nasab lineage, line of ancestora


toiZ*iiJ

LS munaaiak end of the month

J-Jj
JL-JIj

sequenoe,

mecession

without

interruption,

sncoas-

^JL

salisa

(sola*, 4~:)U saldsa)

to be trac-

sively, oonsecutively, continuonsly; ^iS

table, docile, compliant, o bedient; to

be

J1i
seri&l

to serialize

s.th.,

publiah

s.th. in

amooth, flowing,

fluent

(style)

IV to

form

url-

422

(numbering)

J1 musalsal chained; contimious JJ J*i jj (raddu fi'lin)


|

jJL- III

~Ud~l islanfaha to be broad, be wide

nL>'A- aulfih

wide

chain reaction {phya.) ; <1Jil

i]j.\

{mar'a)

Andromeda

(astron.)

jLL- saliana to proclaim sultan, establish as continuous

JLi.
bering)
1

mtttasalsil

(num-

ruler

s.o.)

II

jU-J

tasalfana

to be-

come sultan or
JftL(

ruler

JJ(

II

to give
set

s.o.)

power or mastery

salfana Sultanate
f.

J* over),

up

as overlord, establish as

UaL* utyn m. and


Btrength; rule,
reign,

power, might,

ruler (J* s.o. over); to impose, infliot

dominion, sway;

(J* a a penalty on s.o.); to bring to bear, eiert (* force, pressure, and the

authority; mandate, authorization ; legit-

imation (^ for);
sultan
s.
;

(pl.

^1"A- saifin*)
|

J* on); to load, charge (J* * s.th. with electric current) ,fijl *J* I^LLlike,
|

(absolute)

ruler

**l^

OLLU

ibrhim red mullet (Mullus barbatus;

(aidiyahum) they laid violent hands on


dealt

. .

.,

zool.);
(lit.
:

ulLL

< *i)l

J>1

L.

(anzaia hu)

high-handedly with
s.o.

...;

*Ac .LL-

God has
it;

revealed no legitimation

^.^Ji to set the dogs on

V to overcome,
gain the

for

with

proceding indeterminate

surmount (J*

s.th.); to

overpower, over-

noun) vain, unfounded, baseless, arbitrary


<;LLL- sutyna sultana, sultaness

whelm (J*

s.o.);

to

prevail,

upperhand (J*

over), get the better of

maater (J* of), rule, (J*); to be absolute over); to control, reign, hold sway
(J*
supervise,
L-

JlLL- eulfni of the sultan; sovereign,


imperial, royal
|

command
pl.
;

(J*

s.th.)

jlkU Jj^t

imperial high-

way
sulta
-t,

iJ auiaf power,
sway, doiJlLL- suniya
large metal

might, strength

authority ;

soup bowl, tureen;

minion, influence, sovereign power, juris*


diction; (pl.
ity
l

bowl
f

-t)

official

agenoy, author-

alt'a

(sala

*tj*y\

<LLJ1

(abawiya)

patemal
VII to
aplit, aal'

to crack,

become cracked

authority; patriarchy;
hiya)
spiritual

V"J^' *^" ("** ikUl <~j j-illl power


;

break open, burst


f^L- aul
r

J
rift

pl.

craok, fissure,

(taSri'iya) legislative

power; ijjSL-* *UL


authority;
iLLJI

('askariya)

military

*L-

Fa

pl.

aL-

n2a'

commodity,

JLJI (qad'iya) judicial power; U-Jl


IjJLijJl (tanfidiya)

commercial

article;

sebaceous cyst, wen

executive power
^*L- salafa u (salaf) to be over, be past, be

<UL> salfa jacket

bygone; to precede, antecede


-L-L
sollt strong, solid, firm; glib; im-

II

to lend,

loan,

advance
(*
s.th.)

(*

to s.o.

money) IV to
J>l) LiJ

pudent,

sharp,

loose,

vicious

(tongue)

make
(qaul)

precede; to lend, loan,

^)U

alfa glibness; impudence, lack

advance

(*

to s.o.

money)

of restraint (in one's language); see also


alphabetically
iai-J tasauf

we have already

said,
LS

previously stated; LUI

we have as we have
from)

mastery, sway, dominion

already said V to borrow


to contract a loan VIII

(^
V

s.th.

rule, influence, authority,

supremacy ( J*

over); supervision, control


'iUL- saiafa

JaL*

silf pl.

J "A-l aslf brother-in-law

and

L'A- salta salad

iil silfa sister-in-law

JaL> aalaf

and

pl.

JrA-l aalf prede-

jU

Ao/o^a

(aZg) to Iacerate

the skin

cessora; forebears, ancestoro, forefathen;

of

s.o.;

with a whip); to remove with

<JlL advance payment, prepayment; free


loan, noninterest-bearing loan;

boiling water (* s.th.); to boil, cook in boiling water (* s.th.); to scald (* plants;

LiL so
|

lafan in advance, beforehand, before


ILaJl

said of excessive heat); to hurt

(*

s.o.,
i.e.,

JAJ>\

the worthy anoeators, the

*jLJj bi-lisnihi with one's tongue,

venerable forefathers

give
loan; (cash)

s.o.

a tongue-lashing)

to ascend,

4-aL salafiya

mount, climb, soale

{* s.th.); to

climb

pl. -l free

advance
*7ii-}\

up
as-salafiya
in

(plant)
(eg.), ailq

an Islamio reform

jL> 9alq

a variety of chard,

movement

Egypt, founded by Mo-

the leaves of whioh are prepared as a


ealad or vegetable diBh
j^LJI oa-auq Ascension of Christ

hammed 'Abduh (18491005)


i- ndfa
sole
pl.

JtL> *to/ loan ; (oash)

advanoe; inner lining of shoes, inner

#}U

soiqa

vicious

tongue,

violent

language
choicest wine

vj^- ui/
juice flowing

(made of the

-L

saliqa pl.

jJ^-

aalititf dish

made

from unpressed grapes)

of grain cooked with sugar, oinnamon

and fennel
Btinct

(syr.);

inborn disposition, in-

UL

sulafa* predecessors
lead,
|

lL. mislafa harrow

jU salaqn and y^iU minium

salqn red

ij i fcult/ credit, advance

*JJHl _,*-

J^jU salql saluki, greyhonnd, hunting

ai-(.

rate

of interest;

JJUl

dLj

dog
Jjj- aalqx saluki, greyhound, hunting dog

credit

bank
taslifa

i.LJ

credit,

loan

i.LJ

IjjUp ('agriya) land oredit

jLJ
,JJU
tjjl^oft/ pl. Ji- jZa/,

taaauq climbing; ascent

J^- suf,
foregoing,

satvlif2

preceding,

3j\* maalq
egg, vegetable)
ii_ji_.

cooked,

boiled

(meat,

former, previous, bygone, past; predecessor; UJL saliJan formerly, previously;

moslqa

pl.

jJl-* nuwlig* bouil-

above

(as

a reference in books,

eto.)
|

lon,

broth
oLjLJI
an-nabtt al-mutasaU

il.u-VI tJJl^> former, or past, events;


J"ii\
^j*jj*>\

JJU
j

il-Iil

a.a4'4ikr

aforementioned;

tJJU e.al-'ars
/i *.

amaranth

liga climbing plante, creepers


(bot.);

UJI JJL

iz-zamn in former

diL- aalaka

(salk,

iljJ-

sulk)

to follow

times, in the old days

{*

a road), travel
(*

(*

along a road); to

*oUL
a

sulft eulfate

jjLJI
sulfate

oLU

a.

an-

take

a road), enter upon a course or


fig.);

nu&dir

ammonium

road
(_j*i

(*;

to behave, oomport

o.s.

toward

s.o.);

to proceed, act; to aet

^1-iL- salfata

to asphalt (*

s.th.)

foot (* on), enter (* a place);


(salk) to insert
s.th.

aalaka
(j *

O
j-iL

cal musalfat asphalted

(j *

s.th. in), stick

into); to

pass (* thread, Sj-Vi

*//lrf aulfide

through the eye of a needle), thread a

424

needle
s.o.

II

*SX* (fra) to chain


clear (* s.th., eap.

tili

fruwZaJ;

pl. ,illL

um/^ way,
polioy;
(frau*

up

II to clean,

road,

path;

course
|

of aotion,
<J_^J1

pipelines,

canals, eto.); to unreel,

un-

procedura, method

JJL-J.I

wind

(* yaxn); to olarify, unravel, dis(IjJu*

Zfya) the urinary passages {anal.); jJJL


l_j*l

entangle

1^1
affair)

a oomplicated
s.th. in), stick

amran muaqqadan IV to insert (j *


s.th. into); to pass

m.

aJ-AauxS*

the

respiratory

pas-

sages (anat.);

KJ

ilL to enter upon

(j *

a course

(fig.)

(* thread,

yVI

through the eye of a

(5^1 fruwJa&f professional, vocational,


industrial, trade (adj.)

needle), thread a needle


ilL
(also,

sk

pl.

ibU

tulfc

thread ; string

.i-LLJ &uZt cleaning, Clearing

of a musical Instrument); line; wire;

rail (Jtfor.);

Organization,
4L
8.

body; pro-

iDU

Uli: passable, praetioable (road);

fession (aa a

group or career); corps; caal-anf or

entered upon (course); clear, open, not


blooked,
(pl.

dre

,>jVI

(ardi)

ground wire;

^jVI JUI <j^ ibU (bahriya)


-- 11

not

obstructed

(also

anat.);

-n) one

who

followB the spiritnal

underwater cable;
rri) filament (of

O tsJj^ a radio tube);


grid

-"

(ha*
iiUI

path

(esp., myst.)

tljL-

maelk

passable,
(course)

practicable

^iil (mutahakkim)
tube);

(of a

radio

(road); entered

upon

^LJI dU\

(JUj)
.

(aiysl) dip-

lomatio corps;
police;
Jljll

L^l JLfuse
(ei);

ai-Surfa the

y> aalima a (i-^U salma, fiU ealm) to

dULJl dlLJl barbed wire;


tJ

iil-

be safe and sound, unharmed, unimpaired,


intaot,
safe, seoure;

jWVI
the
the

^JLsll

dlLJl

to be un-

(ta'ftmi)

teaehing
*.

profession,

the

objeotionable, blameless, faultless; to be


oertain, established, clearly

teachera; LiJl ilL


oiary,

al-qatf*

the judii|1

proven

(faot);

judicature;
(el.);

(mffdtm) resistor
(owS'i)

O Q
of

fjLU'

"

Jl^l

-jH-H

to be free (,> from); to escape (j* a danger) II to preserve, keep from injury, protect from
(,j*

antenna,

aerial;

(Jl)

j Jl

iX- to be
tion

member
like,

s.o.

zation and the Iike; to join

an Organian organiza*
Jl

from); to
Jl

hrm ( s.o.), save hand over intaot


to hand over,
*

(a s.th.,

J or

to

s.o.);
(*,

and

the

turn over, surrender


e.g.,

*lkJVI
s.th.)
;

s.o., s.th.,

j_^JI

dJUI
(as also

(bahri)

entrance into the

or Jl to s.o.); to deliver (* J or Jl to to lay

s.o.

navy

diU

-t^l)

down

(*

arms) to surrender,
;

give

o.s.

up

(J or Jl to);

to submit,

$L*

ski by wire, wire (adj.)

resign o.s. (J or Jl to); to greet, salute

JIL-V J-/i wireless; radio, broadoasting (adj.


specialist
|

and

n.);

radiogram; radio
(iSra)

(J* s.o.); to grant salvation (God to the Prophet); to admit, concede, grant
(l-

message;

iXl-V J1LV J-U


pl.

Sjlil

radio

s.th.); to

consent

(-*

to

s.th.),

approve

radio Operator

(o>

of

s.th.),
|

accept, sanotion, oondone

iSX* n/An

iL- aak wire; thread;

string (also, of a musical instrument)

iJ^U

#uii

behavior,
;

comportment,
deport* j-*- Au*n as-s.

<l (amrah) to Jl t^l (v a-th.) commit one's cause to God, resign o.s. to the will of God; *-jj L* (rhah) to give up the ghost; jJ-Vl A I-:

demeanor,

manners
|

conduot,

{nafasah) to breathe one's last, be in

ment, attitude

iJ^J-JI

the throes

of death;

^jJJ

<-iJ

good

behavior,

good

manners;

-u>lji

(nafsah) to give o.s.

up to the

police;

jjUI or 4*LJl

v ljT etiquette

UVIj

ti-J-

>

Jl

(hum, itfa)

1-

r
to put
o.s.

at

s.o.'s

mercy; *-U

L-

oase; stair, step, running board; (mus.)


seale;
i!j*i*

(saUim) give

him

my

best regards! re-

means, instrument, tool


L- (mutaharrih) esoalator
step, stair

(fig.)

member me to him! i-j *J* <it J- (fia) Qod bleas him and grant him Balvation (eulogy after the name 01 the Prophet Mohammed) III to keep the peace, make one'a peace, make up ( with s.o.)
IT to forsake, leave, desert, give up, betray
( s.o.);

IX- suUama
sm
fulness;
greeting,

salm

soundness,

unimpaired-

ness, intactness, well-being; peace, peacesafety,

seourity;

(pl. -t)

to let sink, drop (*-Jfj Jl


i.

<-b

salutation ;

salute ;

military
pUil

ra'sah

rukbataihi one's head to one's

salute;

national

anthem

vAJi

kneee); to
s.o.,
{

hand

over, turn over (Jl to

* or

s.o.

or s.th.) ; to leave, abandon

(mm) general welfare, common weal; ftAJl jb Paradise; an epithet of Baghdad; Dar es Salaam (seaport and capital
of Tanganyika); of

Jl a s.th. to s.o.) ; to deliver up, surrender,


(Jf s.o. to);
(a

expose
sign

to

oommit
(i-l

o.b., re-

^^U!

o>
p"jUl

(the

City

0.8.

to the will of God, with

Peace
the
>^>L-

=) Baghdad;
Tigris;

j nhr
(solmu),

ellipsis

of

<!

or

s*\)i

alone:)

aas,

5*
a_U

p^AJl

to deolare o.a. committed to the will of

SLU

peace be with youl (a Muslim

God, beoome a Muslim, embrace Islam


4Jil

salutation);
|

p^UI

upon

him
after

be the

Jl

*j\

i-l

(amrah)

to

oommit
to

peace

(used

parenthetically

one's cause to God, resign

o.s.

to the will

names of angela and of pre-Mohammedan


propheta);
^^->

of God;
give

CjJ\)

*-jj

,1-1

(rvhah)

L ezclamation of diss.th.

up the ghost Y

to get, obtain (*
(*

may,
oh

esp.

after

oalamitous

has

s.th.);
s.th.)

to receive (* s.th.); to have

happened: good Lord! good heavens!


dearl

handed over or delivered; to take


assume
|

over,
s.th.)

(*

the

management of

amazement
goes (go)
nice
is

Jp p^U U ezclamation of or grief about s.th.: there

fJ-\

oJlu LS (m. al-huhn) to

...!

what a pity
...! *JI

for ...!

how

take (the reins of) power VI to become


reconciled with one another,

(are)

make peace
s.th.);
(*

give him to himl


it

my

* (ballig) kind regards! remember me


<J^-~

with one another Till to touch, graze (*


s.th.); to receive, get,

(-"jtJlj

(and) that's

all,
...

and
J

let
it's

obtain {*

to
of)

be done with that; oUII


over with
...

take over

(* s.th.),

take posseBsion

all

to surrender, capitulate; to give way,


o.s.

^iJL^L-

(Turk.

seiaml\k)

aalmlik se-

submit, yield, abandon


B.th.)
;

(J or Jl to
s.th.
o.s.,
;

lamlik, reception room, sitting room, parlor

to give

o.s.

over ( J or Jl to
;

to

a man, said of a woman) to lend


party (J or
Jl to s.th.); to

be a
<*^>U

Buccumb

(J to)

salma blamelessness,
stste,

flawlesa-

ness;
L- salm peace i- silm m.

unimpaired

soundness, in-

tegrity,
f.

intaotness; well-being, welfare;

and

peace; the religion

safety, security;

smooth progress; suc(ijm'iya) collective


s.

of Islam

1JI -J-

hubb

aa-B.

paoifism

cess

S-eLr;^!

ioUl

ijX silmi peaceful; pacifist


L-

security;

jj-l

<*^~> **}L-

a4-&auq

good

taste; a^l

(ih)

the integrity of
0.

saiam forward buying

(Isl.

Law);

the country; LJI


ity,

^U
i-JI

an-niya sincer:>Lj
in

a variety of acacia
i-

guilelessness;

good
re-

suUam

pl.

J^U

aalltm 2 ,

(J^

faith,

bona

fide;
aa

tilu^L-

a speedy

allim 2 ladder; (flight of) stairs, stair-

covery!

IoUI

(a greeting

of fare-

; ;

pL.

426

well, said

by the person remaining


good-by! farewell!

be-J-I

V^
J.j-Ot-1

islmiya

the

idea

of

Islam,

bind) approx.:

Islamism; Status or capacity of a Muslim


look

ioLJI Jp Ali (hamdu) praified be God for your well-being! (said to the traveler

up

alphabetically

retuming from a journey)


JL-

LJ tasaum
%

receipt ;

taking

over,

assumption; reception
sallm
pl. 1<U

aulama

safe,

se-

oure; free (j- from); unimpaired,

undam-

C^i-I

istilm

receipt ;
|

acceptance
f'^-'Vl
jlil

aged, unhurt, sound, intact, complete,


perfeot, whole, integral; faultless, flawless; well; safe

taking over,

assumption

acknowledgment of receipt
v^_x-l
tion
;

and sound;

safe; healthy;

istislm

Burrender,
resignation,

capitulaBelf-sur-

sane; (euphemistically) seriously injured

Submission,

or

damaged, on the verge of ruin SJUl ~L s. aUbunya healthy, sound in


|

render
JL> 8lim safe, seoure; free (j* from);

body iJUI
;

J-- benign (disease) ; Ji*Jl J-i;J'


/^**
**

e.

al-*aql
8.

sane ;

on - n *y*>

^*

unimpaired, unblemished,
less,

faultless, flaw-

c-ll

(-qa> guileless, sincere, good*-L*

undamaged, unhurt,

intact, safe

and

natured;

jjj
pl.

((&*?)

good taste
pha-

sound, safe; sound, healthy; whole, perfect,

complete, integral; regulr (verb)


a^I
(jam')

iS^U aulm

CjUS- svlmaydt
hand

iL-Jl

sound

{=

external)

lanx, digital bone (of the

or foot)

plural {gram.)
L*

V"^-* sulmxya

pl. -(

phalanx, digital

musaam unimpaired,
flawless;
(also

intact, un<>

bone
1*
I

(of the

hand or
Bafer ;

foot) freer ;

blemished,

J*)

acin-

<uZania

sounder

cepted,

uncontested, incontestable,

healthier

disputable, incontrovertible

UU
ht
8.

sulaimn 2 Solomon

LL* Oj-

iL muslim peaceable,peaceful,peaceloving; mild-tempered, lenient, gentle

salmon
corrosive

JLL* svlaimni
mercury chloride

Sublimate,

Lk*

muslim

pl.

-n Muslim

kover,

mustalim recipient; consignee

JLJ tasUm
over
;

handing

turning
sur-

jXh>

(Fr. eylindre) eilender pl. -t cylinder

preeentation;

extradition;

(of

an automobile, and the

like)

render (of s.th.) ; delivery (com. ; of mail)


Submission, surrender, capitulation ; salutation; greeting; concession, admission;
assent, consent
(<-

(jLm) ^L- Bald

{ji- svlw, o\jL> stdton)

and

to), acceptance, ap-

saliya a (J-- suliy) to get rid of the memory of (a, or je), forget (*,
J*-

proval, oondonation, unquestioning reo-

or je

s.o., s.th.),

think no more
( s.o.)

(,

or

ognition

(<-

of)

je of )
conciliation,
pacifi-

II to

make

forget (je

s.o.,

l_ mumlama
cation

s.th.); to comfort, console, solace ( s.o.,

je for the
islm Submission,
resignation,

Iosb of); to cheer


a

to distract, divert (je

s.o. 's

up ( s.o.); mind from);


to alleviate,

v>U
f^L>*Vl

reconoiliation (to the will of God);

to amuse, entertain
dispel (* worries,

( s.o.);

and the

like)
(-*

IV
in),

II

the

religion

of Islam; the

era

V to
with)

delight, take pleaaure

have
(<~>

of Islam; the Muslims

a good time, have fun,


;

amuse

o.s.

iS^ xslmi Islamic

to console

o.s.

(<-

je for

s.th.

r
with), find comfort

(^ jp for

s.th. in);

jL-bM

*-'

iam al-i&dra (gram.) demon-

to seek diatraotion or diversion (^>

j*

strative

prononn;
-.1

from

s.th. in)

diminutive; jxJI

j-=Jl f\ (gram.) %sm al-'adad (gram.)

jL. salwa,

evhva solaoe, consolation,

numeral; J*ll ^1
abstraot

um
^aII

aZ-mo'nd" ((Tram.)
-.1

comfort; fun, amusement, entertainment,


diatraotion, diversion; pastime
u-i*^ (>
|

noun ;

%sm

al-'ain

_j*

(gram.) oonorete noun; J^rJl .J (pram.)


elative; J^ill

A-

(**^)

he leads a oomfort-

^l

um

aZ-^7 (gram.) ver-.1

able

life

bal noun,

nomen

verbi; J*UJI

(gram.)
--I

nomen
tjL* aalw consolation, solace, oomfort

agentis,

aotive

participle;

uj**i> (gram.)
participle;
lj>.\

nomen

patientis,

passive

^jL- aalw

(n.

un. ;ljL-) pl.

^^U

^\ iam ol-marra (gram.)


(fyvan)
*-Ij

ZuxZ quail (zoof.)

nomen

vicis; J-J-l lr-V'


(/*/.);

the 99

ljL* uiwtSn forgetting, oblivion; oonsolation, solaoe, oomfort


"-*

names of God

utAi

in s.o.'s

name, on behalf of

s.o.;

*\

in the

name
modZA
pl.

of God;

!Lf-l

^j

J\j oLLLJI *XJ

JL. nwMdiin

objeet

(tuqaddamu

t-faiabt) applications will

be

of amusement;

amusement, entertain-

addressed to the ohairman of the society

ment, fun, diatraotion, diversion; solace,


consolation, comfort

^1
lag)

iami in

name

only, nominal,
|

tit-

ular; nominal

(gram.)

*JJ tasliya consolation, amusement,


diatraotion,

^1

iL. (mab*

nominal par;
clause

*ir\ iU; (jumla)


;

nom*
(gima)

diversion,

fun ;

pastime,

inal

(gram.)

i-r*!

i*J

entertainment

nominal value, face value

J
soler

musain amusing, entertaining;


oonsoling ;

comforting,

comforter,

con-

^- aamma u (aamm)
s.th.);

to

put poison

{* into II to

to poison ( s.o., * s.th.)


s.th.)

poison (*
LijjJ- slov&niy Slovenia
0.8.

to

be poisoned, poison

J-*

masli
|

(eg.)

= je

aamn

cooking

*-

aamm

pl. Ajt?

butter
fj aM
I ^-l **

jLj*

J*

(fio&ti)

vegetable butter

poison,

toxin ;

aumm, ^Lt* aimm venom opening, hole


;
|

eye (of a needle)


t'Jimy&m selenium
pl. Lei

L*JI fj-J (bai$*)


(such
as cooaine,

the white
aSfnn name;

narootics

vra

a*m\

aL-I

Heroin, etc.)
{je* aamm f., pl. flr aam'im* hot wind, hot sandstorm, simoom

appellation; reputation, Standing, prestige; (gram.)

noun;

Lt-l

isman nominally

iJlJUI

p.\

pen name, nom de plume;


do.;
1*
.1

ils&l

^J

pl maamm', oUL. masmmt


pores (of the akin)
t/l.
4~*L-

(pl.)

tfjljf
--I

^-1

(tf/ri)

firm

name
name;
iam

(com.);

um

'oiam proper

XU-

(pram.) primary

noun
-.1

maammi porous
masmmiya
porouBness, porosity

(not derived from


al-jam*

a verb form);
collective

-J-J

(gram.)

noun
uni-

(whioh, though forming no


tatis,

nomen

^j taaammum
sepsis
i$>*-iJI
|

poisoning, toxication;

has a broken plural);

^^1

jjj.1 Ji
col-

JjJI ^-Jl (6ou) uremia;

T "JI

iam ol-jins al-jam'i (gram.) generio


lective

(damatot) blood poisoning, toxemia

noun (which can form a nomen


e.g.,

jU

smm

poisonous; toxio, toxioant;

unitatis;

aU-

hamm

pigeons);

venomous

428

rj~ maemm poisoned; poisonous

be indulgent, forbearing, tolerant

musimm

toward
poisonous;

a.o.

in),

ahow good
(

venomous;
to be not overpartioular
tica

will (j in);
in) j to prac()

toxic, toxioant

mutual toleranoe

to ask s.o.'s

J>f Lc* samnjni

Bky-blue, azure, oerulean

permisaion; to ask forgiveness, apologize


j-

O^jLe* simbtawi sympathetio {physiol.)


1

samh

magnanimity, generosity;

kindneas; liberality, munifloenoe


C~r-

m tobe
Cj- samt

on the other aide of


(*),

(*),

be

j-

samh

pl.

Ac* rimh magnanimous,

opposite s.th.

face a.th. (*)

generoua; kind; liberal, openhanded


j-lr-

pl.

cy

sumt way, road;

manner, mode; C..J1 azimuth


^,-TjJI

samh magnanimity, generosity;

(tutron.)

kindneas; liberality, munifloenoe; indulgenoe, forbearanoe, toleranoe, forgiveness,

cj* *. ar-ra* zenith, vertez (ftrem.)


c~r- .

cr*i

al-iama eoliptio (astron.);

(JIj^VI C~r- equinoctial oolure (a*<ran.);


j*jjjl

pardon; permisaion (v fr to do
S*-Lc*

a.th.)

c-r*

s.

al-qadam nadir
oolure

(ortron.);

cr"
j*l

samha magnanimity; generosliberality,

wOVl

soletitial

(astron.);
JU-!

ity ;

kindneas ;

munificence

C~J
CfU'

nadir (astron.); Jl <^...

to take

indulgenoe, forbearanoe, toleranoe; *>-lr*

the road to

His Eminenoe, Jl
the Mufti
(title

5*-Lc*

Hia Eminence

of a mufti)

pl. of *, aee ,-j

j* aamiAj>l. Lj* sumah** generoua,

gC

Mffluja

to be ugly, disgusting, re-

magnanimoua ; kind,
openhanded
-1

forgi ving ;

liberal,

volting II to

make

{* a.th.) ugly or loath-

aome
-r*
pl.

-,,

<i-J-i

aJ-Aant/a a*-samA' the


i.e.,

samj

pl.

rLc*

rimj and

m;

true and tolerant (religion,

Islam)

^Ir* samjd

ugly, disgusting, loath-

1*1.

musmaha pardon,
vacation, holidays

forgiveness;

some, revolting
(pl. ~t)

-**

mi;
Lj-

pl.

^U*

*im<J;,

^r^*

****

mj,

mvmaja**

ugly,

disguBting,

*lj tasmvh indulgenoe, forbearanoe,


lenienoy, toleranoe

loathsome, revolting
-lr*

samja ugliness, abominableness,

4t

rj* masmh

bihi

allowed,
|

per-

mitted, permissible, admisaible odiousness

c*U-j*

licensea, privilegea, prerogatives

r*

aamuAa u (aamA,

^Ir*

jamA,

i*-U-

l~-

mutasmih indulgent,

forbear-

MmlAa)

to be generous,

magnanimous,

kind, liberal, openhanded;

do

ing (a* toward), tolerant

samaha a

<Jj- aamlA) to grant from a generous


heart
(jl
(<-

JUj- imAdf
(anot.)

pl. Jj-lr*

MmAtg" periosteum

J J

s.o. a.th.); a.o. s.th.

to allow, pernt
a.th.); to
l 4r*
|

or

or to

authorize,

empower (<-* J s.o. to do s.th.) -- V Qod forbid! II to act with Zi\ kindnesB III to ahow o.a. tolerant (
with
s.o.,

samada u (:>_>** aumd) to raise one's head proudly, bear one's head proudly ereot (also with ^J\) II to dng, manure,
fertilize

jory
(
(

in),

treat kindly, with


a.o. in
.

(,>j^l the
pl.

soil)

indulgenoe
of),

j or u forgive j or u

the matter

jLr samd
manure,

SJjfl
|

asmida dng,
alr

a.o. s.th.)

VI to

fertilizer

^lu

(sin't)

429

chemical

fertilizer;

iSj-+*

('u^w{)

jr^f

aamira

woman

partner in nightly
enterenter-

organio fertilizer
J-*-j taemid manuring, fertilizing uUi smid:

or evening conversation;
tainer;

woman woman companion (who

tains with lively conversation)

^J^

-L.L-

s.

ar-ra**

with

head ereot
Llilu*.

jf\ asmar',
fertilizers

f.

*\jf

aamr**,

pl.

eumr brown; tawny;

pl. f. *IjIjT*

m*

musammidt

rwt brown-skinned

women
evening or nightly

-V*

*am%d (=-f) semolina

(*yr.);

jjl masmir1

(pl.)

kind of biscuit or ruak, sometimee ring-

entertainments (oonversations, alsogames,


vocal recitals, storytelling, etc.)
jI_* miamr pl. j^l. masmir* nail; peg; pin, tack, rivet; oorn (on the toes)
(^j^JLl

ahaped and Bprinkled with sesame seed

(wo
jjAf sumdr
vertigo
pl.

joLr"

mdM

dizziness,

Ji^l

al-kaff

al-mismri ounei-

Lc wn!^
\fC

semolina
(I^r*

form writing
IjjI*

samura u
brown;

tmro) to be or

tum

musmara nightly or evening

Samara u (samr,
(Jl

jjf eumr)

chat; conversation, talk, ohat


jjL- amir pl. jLc*

to ehat in the evening or at night; to


chat, talk (generally) II to nail, fasten

summr companion

in nightly entertainment; causeur, oonversationalist; entertainer

with nails

B.th.

to or on); to drive

in (jl(-il al-miemr the nail) III to

spend

j*\j* sawmir*

(pl.)

evenings of enter-

the night or evening in pleasant oonversation, chat at night or in the evening


(

tainment,
nightly

sooial

evenings ;

evening or

entertainments

(conversation,

with

s.o.); to oonveree, talk,

ehat

also games, vocal recitals, storytelling,


eto.)

with

s.o.)

to be or get nailed down,

be fastened with nails; to stand as if

pinned to the ground VI to spend the


night or evening in pleasant conversation,

j+*~*

musammar
on,

fastened with nails,

nailed

nailed

down; provided, or

chat
the

with one another at night or in


evening ;
to

studded, with nails; hobnailed


j*\~*

convene,

talk,

ohat

musmir companion

in nightly

IX

=I

samura
pl.

entertainment, oonversation partner

jr*

samar

jLr

aamr nightly, op

IjjUI as-tdmira the Samaritans


&j*\*> smiri

evening, chat; eonversation, talk, ehat;


night, darkness
IjT*

Samaritan;

(pl. -n,

jC

amara) a Samaritan

aumra brownness, brown


(eg.)

color
l

jyr

pl.jj.lr look

jLr aamr
for plaiting
bot.)
|

up

alphabotioally
in

a variety of rush used


F.,

mats (Junous spinosus


svlb)

XjjC samarqand1 Samarkand (city


8.S.R.)
_r

Uzbek

tJL &* j\s (hindi

a variety

of

bamboo
-f oameara
to act as broker or

middleman

jjr samlr companion in nightly enter-

tainment,

conversation partner; enter-

ij-f sanuara brokerage; caravansary

tainer (in general, with stories, songs,

jLr* simsr

pl.

IjAr

sam&tira, jJjf

musio, amusing improvisations)

samnr*, jwlr aamtr* broker, Jobber t

i^r**"

430

middleman, agent

^-*VI

jt-r-

a. ol-

*r*

aartC

hearing, sense of hearing,


(pL'l**l

oahum Btookbroker
ij^~f aamaxra
(ir.)

audition;

ears;

aam?) ear
a*-JI

go-between, match-

*-JI

4aU

earwitness;

<*Ullj

aa-

maker
X" aimaim aeBame
t? samafa

aam'u

ioa-t-f'atu

and

*ltj

Uf

sairian

loa-ttTatan I hear

and obey! at your


-4**"

Service
(> .th.); to

very well!

c-^ in their
**!!

(samf) to soald
B.th.)
pl.

hearing, for

them to hear;
<dl

3j*\

prepare (*

istaraq a-aam'a to eavesdrop; to monitor,

interoept;

***_j

ir m$
1

i^r um^

Jjl

{alq)

to

atring,

thread
listen

to

s.o.;

*~f J*

madda sam'ah

(of

a pearl necklace)
mf
pl. -i,
.Lr*

to priok

up

one's ears

i-Lf

Bumuf,
is

J**

aamifa cloth on whioh food

served;

jjf aam'i auditory,


l

auditive,

hear-

meal, repast

ing (used attributively) ; acoustio ; aooustical;

traditional

oL**Jl

I*

'Um

in~* masmaf

pl. .L.I.

nuudmtf 1 Boald-

aa-aam'iyt aoouBtics

ing house (wheie the oarcasses of slaughtered animals are scalded)

**r

aum'a reputation
credit,
or)
Jut-

(specif.,

good
|

reputation),

Standing,

name

O
r*

-^**

mismaf

pl. .L.I.

masmif*

i**JI

(j->-

(hasan) reputable,
or)
j.ij

vine prop

respectable;
f-Lc*

i**JI

(\f

radi'

samt'a a (am*,

xm', Lc* aanuTa,


(*,
* s.o.,

(aayyi) aa-a. ill-reputed, disreputable


f-lf jttmT hearing, listening, listening

*_. mana')
learn,

to hear

s.th.;
s.o.)
;

<->

of or about s.th. ; j* * s.th. from

to

in;

auditioning,

audition;

hearing, re-

be told (^. a of or about


s.o.);

s.th. (Jl

ceiving (e.g., of a verdict); (gram,


lex.)

and

from
or

to listen,

pay attention
s.o.),

generally accepted usage

J to

s.th.;

,> to

hear

s.o.

(,>)

out; to learn
to overhear

by hearsay
{-.

(l-.

about

s.th.);

^fie* sam'i acoustic; acoustical; au-

s.th.);
s.o.,

to give ear, lend to s.th.)


II

dible;

(gram,

and

lex.)

sanctioned by

one's ear (Jl or J to

(yuama*)
Iet
( s.o.)

unheard-of

to

o *-j ^ make or
|
(

common

usage; derived from tradition,

traditional, unwritten (Isl.

Law)

hear (a

s.th.),

give (*

a.o.

oLpLc
^r*

sam'iyt acoustics (phya.)


pl. U**

B.th.)

to hear; to reoite (* s.th.); to say


lesBon); to dishonor, disoredit

(a one's

samt

guma'if 1 hearing,

(y

s.o.)

IV to make or
s.o.

Ist ( s.o.)

hear

listening ;

hearer,

listener ;

^H

the

(a s.th.), give (*
let { s.o.)

s.th.)

to hear; to
s.th.),

AU-hearing (one of tho 99 attributes of

know

(a s.th. or
B.th.)
(Jl,

about

God)
4Lf

teil (a s.o.

about

to give ear,

eamm'a

pl. -t

earphone; ear-

listen,
s.th.);

lend one's ear


to
-u

J to

s.o.,

to

piece; (telephone) reoeiver; stethoscope;

eavesdrop,

listen

(seoretly)

ear trumpet; knooker, rapper (of a door)


-*_. maama* earshot, hearing distance
|

VI ^-Ul

uLJ

people heard about

bim

from one another, word about him got


around, he became

known among

people

r,

Jp

in the

hearing
for

of,

within
hear,

earshot of ;

*i*

VIII to hear, overhear (a B.th.); to listen,


listen closely, give ear, lend one's ear
(Jl or

* J*
it

him to

so that he could hear

J or

a, *

to

s.o.

or s.th.); to eavess.o.)

*_. miama"

pl.

L-. masmi'*

ear;
|

drop; to ausoultate (J*

stethoscope;

(telephone)

reoeiver

431

^l
hear
***
receiver

Jp in their hearing,

for

them to

ST

Lt*

amiba thicknesa

iil.Lx T7ia*mfc* nah stores, sea-food

misma'a earpieoe ;

(telephone)

atorcs

j&" aamkara tinsmith'a

trade, tinamithing

*-L

Jmi'

pl.

-n hearer, listener

j^&*
|

amibar tinsmith, tinner, white-

pj** mowifi' audible, perceptible UxJl pj** " al-kalima one whose word
carriea weight,
is

smiti
_5Cf* amariya trade or
tinsriith, tinamithing

work of a

paid attention to
pl.

f*i_* mustami'
pl.

-n hearer, listener;
Jr"

the audience

samHa u
tear >ut

(sami)

to gouge, scoop out,


s.o.'s

(*1j-

'ainah

eye)

samala

Jj*

amo^a u

(Jy

umf) to be high,

tall,

(J_-f *miU,

Uy Aum&i)

to be worn,

lofty,

tower up
very high, towering;
tall

tatte red, in rags (garment)

IV to be worn,

3jC samq
and lanky

tat te red, in rags (garment) VIII to gouge,

scoop out, tear out (4_ 'ainah s.o.'s eye)


Jr*

J*U
jlr*

amiq very high, lofty, towering


bot.); ita

amai

pl.

JLfl

asmi worn garlast

ment;

tattere,

rags;
|

remainder of

summq aumac (Rhus;

highly

a liquid in a resael

acid seeda which, after being dried and

Jpto drain the cup to the drega

JJl

^t&l ^ji

ground, Berve, together with thyme, as

a condiment
jLr*
II to

samina a (siman,
or

Lt*

samna) to be

become

fat,

corpulent, obese, atout,

j?

hajar summqx porphyry


thiok, thioken (* s.th.)
roof, oeiling

plump,

fleshy,

put on weight plump, fatten

II

and

<litf

make

IV to make

fat or
pl.

( s.o.)

jlf tamh
<lif

jf
thioknesa
je*

samn

jy

aumn

olarified

butter, cooking butter

swnk
omat
lilfl

siman

fatneaa, plumpneaa, fleahi-

iLr*

(coli.;

n. un.
|

'*)

pl. iJU*

ness, atoutneas, oorpulenoe; obeaity


iic"

aimh,

asmh

fish

,y_>*

dir*

m*J

simna

fatneaa,

plumpness,

fleahi-

plaice (zool.)
ness, stoutneBS, oorpulenoe; obeaity

iSr*

amaiba

(n. un.)

fish;

l*-Jl

,y*

summun

(ooll.;
(zool.)

n. un.

pl.

^Js*

the Fish, Piaces (astron.)

sammin* quail
j* samaki
fish (adj.)
fish-like,

fishy,

piacine,
tj-x*

samln

pl. Lt*

simn

fat;

oor-

pulent, plump, fleshy, atout, obese


tflcJl

iiLf

mdfc:

as-simkn Aroj

jLf*

summn

(coli.

n. un. ) quail (zool.)

turus and Spica Virginia (astron.)

iil^JI

ljl Arcturua (oafrcm.); Jj*Vt iJ^JI (a'zal)

U* sammn butter merchant


iiU"

Spica Virginia (odron.); O^lc-ll Jl jl*(AoZa?a) to


iJU"

amna:

J-_pi

Lf" *. ar-rijl calf

have high-flown aspirations


fiaherman,

of the leg

nammh fiahmonger;

JU" surnn
mnh)
-.
pl.

(coli.;

n. un. LjLt*

sw

naher

oLilr* sumnayt quail


fat

(zool.)

iLr" AxmCJk thick

musamman

u*jZf
dy****
(Sp. cemento)

cement

lr-

aam& m. and

f.,

pl.

cAj\e

(*i*l>r)
|

aamwt hearen, sky; firmament

lr

wmanjni and djf Lc" aamnjni

olj^Jl the highest hearen

sky-blue, azure, cerulean

Jlr sam'i hearenly,


jOit*

celestial;

sky-

samandar Salamander

blue, azure, cerulean

J-Lf aamandal Salamander

(jjLf samtoi hearenly, celestial; skyblue,

azure,

cerulean ;

descended from

j^r- amAari
tall,

tall

and husky, extremely


(<*Utl

hearen; open-air, outdoor, (being) under


tbe open sky; dirine, pertaining to

of giant stature
epithet

jji

)i

spear

God

(originally

of a streng,

tough

and

religion

apear)

^jf

samly high, elevated;


august

exalted,

if *ma

see ,-j

lofty, sublime,

(y)

Lf nid u

(y

umfito)

to be high,
tall,

^1
more

aam

higher, farther up, abore;

elevated, raised, ereot, lofty,

eminent,

exalted,

higher

(in

rank),

more

prominent; to

rise high,
s.th.

tower up; to
or s.o. (je),

eminent,
lU

loftier,

more sublime

be above or beyond
rise

smin

pl. lr*

sumh

high, elevated;
|

abore, tower above (je); to be too


for) ; to

exalted, lofty, eminent, sublime, august


j-L-

proud (je
(je for

be too high or diffloult

j*\ (amr) royal deoree;

t/UI

-J 4 --^

s.o.),

be or go beyond the unders.o.

the High Commissioner

standing of

(je),

exoeed

s.o. 's

(je)

or

understanding; to rise (Jf to, J* abore beyond); to be higher (Je than);


to strire (Jl for), aspire (Jl to, after)
<!
j

jy

aammT pl. j^lr sammlr* sable (Martes

zibellina; zool.)

^jf II to name, call, designate, denominate


(*, * s.o., s.th.,
i_j

lr*

to

Iift,

raise, elevate, exalt, lead

up,
s.o.

or *

by or with a name),
s.o.,

bring

up

s.o.

or a.th. (Jl to); to


s.o.

buoy

give a

name

(*,

to

to s.th.); to as or with); to s.th.);

up, boost, enoourage


surpass or excel
ority or glory

in

to seek to

title, entitle (>

or

s.th.

( s.o.); (

to vie for superis.o.)

to nominate, appoint (J

s.o.

with

IV to

lift,

to pronounce the
41I

name
ij?

of

God by

saying

raise, elerate, exalt,


(*, s.o., s.th.)

lead up, bring

up

j
I

-ui*

4Ji\

(amm ha) or
s.th.

VI to vie with one an*

4-le

ijf

to invoke
-il

God over
s.o.,

by
or

other for glory; to be high, elevated,


raised, ereot, lofty, tall, eminent,

saying

-j IV to name,

call,

desigl->

prom-

nate, denominate (*,


*

s.th.,

inent;

to

rise

high,

tower up; to be

by or with a name), give a name

(*, *

above or beyond

s.th. or s.o. (je), rise

to s.o., to s.th.); to

title, entitle (* s.th.,

above, tower above (je); to olaim to be


higher in rank (Je than
to be above
superior
s.o. (Je); s.o. eise),

or

u
|

as or with)
{

to be oalled, be
Zaid, he

olaim
highly

named -by j^Z he was named


called himself Zaid

to

deem

o.a.

-J

um

see

js
ness,
JjjJI jilil

sumw

height, altitude; exalted-

f
pl. -<K

loftiness,

eminence,

highness

^jf samiy
|

namesake
naming, appella-

yf

His Grace the Duke;


{malaki)

u~*-L*

iL*-j

Uumiya

_^JI

His

Royal High-

tion, designation,

name, denomination;
*\
;

ness; 5-UI j*JI


ness; ^*-Vl

U-L. Her Royal Highnobility

nomenolature ;
the formula
-il

basmala (use of

>f

of charaoter

--j)

433

L.
nail),

{J

*-*

musamman named,
of;

called,

by

nib (of a pen);

(pl. (eg.)

asnn)

name

(pl.

^L.* mu&ammayt)

age (of a person);

s.

ooarse flow,

deeignation,

appellation,

name

Bense,

seoonds

J-t^Jl

y.

ar-ruSd legal age,


ivory; j~}\ >>-#

meaning
for

(of a

word)

{J

*~* J-l Jl (ajalin)


*

majority;

J-*Jl

*. al-fll

a limited period,

a*_

ji. J-l Jl for

young;

,yJ\ j%-5* old;

jJ\

jl*
*t

to be
-*-tu

au

indefinite time, sine die, until further

advanced

in years, be aged;

^Jl

notice
1

(taqaddamat) to grow older, to age; to

be advanoed
i--

in years

sana
|

pl.

^--

sinn,

oj^-- sanawt

year

i.U

<L-

(muAamnuuttya) Mo-

i sunna
tiee,

pl. ,>"

sunan habitual prao-

hammedan
V-?'
era,
'<*

year; *-ijf

leap year;

oustomary prooedure or aotion, norm,


an-nabiy the Sunna of the
his sayings

(wwiAlya) year of the Christian

usage sanctioned by tradition; iJI or


,oJl

A.D.;

hjJt

Ji-

(hijrlya)

year of

i--

s.

the Muslim era (after the hegira), A.H.;

Prophet,

i.e.,

and doings,

later

i j^jL.
era,

i^-

(mtWdlya) year of the Christian

established as legally binding precedento


(in

A.D.

addition to the
|

Law established by the

Koran)
tfjL* sanavA annual, yearly;

Jl

J*l ahl aas. the Sunnites,

Ly-

o-

the orthodox Muslims; U-JJt <** law of

nawiyan annually,
per year, per

yearly, in one year,

nature

annum

J4^L* musnahatan annually, yearly


'

sunnl Sunnitio

(pl. -fln)

Sunnite,

Sunni
,>- sanan oustomary praotice, usage,
habit, rule

stna see u*J


(in) to sharpen, whet, hone,

y- sanna u

grind (* B.th.); to mold, shape, form


(* s.th.); to prescribe, introduoe, enact,

jL- sinn

pl.

i-l asinna spearhead

j^-- sann tooth powder


^yl

establish (# a law, a oustom)

li^jli ,j

to

enact,

or pass,

a law

II

to sharpen, to indent,

oMnn 1

older, farther

advanced in

whet, hone, grind


jag,

years

(* s.th.);

notch (*

s.th.)

IT to grow teeth,
to

j. misann
i*j--

pl. -t,

L-* masnn* whet-

cut one'a teeth, teethe;

grow

old,

stone, grindstone; razor strop

to age; to be advanoed in years Till to


olean
iJlj
;

masnn

prescribed (as Sunna),

and

polish one's teeth

with the

sanctioned by law and oustom; sharpened, whetted, honed; tapered; pointed


(e.g.,

to take, follow {* a ooarae or way);

to presoribe, introduce, enaot, establish


(#

mustaohe, features); stinking,

fetid

a law, a oustom)

X^- c* j^l (*n*


the Sunna of Mo-

(mire)

naia m.) to follow

hammed
j~
sann
preecription,

(> musannan
introduction,

toothed, serrated, den-

tate, denticulate, indented, jagged; point-

ed, sharp; sharp-featured (countenance)

enactment, issuance (of laws)


iiw* musannana
j*.
j*>\

pl. -t

cogwheel
old,

sinn

f.,

pl.

L^I amn,
(also, e.g.,

i-*l

arinna,

asunn tooth

of a comb; of

j. murinn
legally

pl.

l masnn 1

a saw blade); jag; oog, sprooket, prong; tusk (of an elephant, of a boar,
fang (of a anake, etc.); point,
tij,

aged, advanced in years; of legal age,

etc.);

major

(of

L see

**

jt> rinnra
fishhook

pl.

jOb-* sannir* fishing tackle;

(J,

idea,

thought);

to

present

itself,

offer itself

(J to s.o.,

esp.

an opportu-

nity); to afford

(^ 6
from
s.o.

b.o s.th.);

to

jLi- aunbd4aj grindstone, whetstone emery


;

disBuade

(&

s.o.

hia opinion), ar-

J^JL- aunbq pl. J-iL> andtig* brge, skiff,

gue or reason (j*


fL snih
its right aide pl.

out of his opinion)

boat
*JJL- uniwfc
;

f\j* sawniK* turning

toward the viewer (game or


auspices,
ideas,

pl. dlib**

indfrP toe of the

bird); auspicioua, propitioua; favorable,

hoof hoof; awl, punch, borer


JJL- wdwfc
un&fc pl.
pl.

good

(opportunity) ; pl. |>-

^Lt>

sanbik*

and

iJj-iskiff,

good

omens,

auspiciouB

signs ;

L;t> inWfc* brge,

thoughts

boat

4^U
(coli.; n.

aniha opportunity
pl.

JJU *n6ui
(astron.)

un.

;) pl.
;

-#,

Ji^ *>
C 1 *
J-i-H

sink
origin;

l>1 amk,

>- aunk

root,

nWJ" ear, Bpike (of grain)


j-jji
|

J-Jl Virgo

alveolua,

gingival margin

of a

Jri-"

("* m{ )
bot.);

tooth (anot.)

spikenard (Nardus celtica;

w* eanak rankness (of

oil),

fustiness

jil

(fcinit)

Indian spikenard (Nardobot.)

tachys jatamansi;

jw- aanxk rank, rancid (o), fusty


iv-U sanka rankness (of
1

shaped JjL- un&uti spiciform, spicate,


like a spike or ear (bot.)
-U**

oil),

fustiness

Axnada u
o.s.,

{j^

und) to Support

o.s.,

jX-^-iL- aan&*'fe,

eanbiUak

(syr.,

ir.)

trian-

prop
(Jl

rest (Jl on, upon), lean, recline


II

gulr meat pie with a

wavy bread

orust

upon, against)

to support, stay,

prop, lean (* s.th.) III to support, back,

CS* cent
sanfimtir pl. -t
1S

assist, help, aid

(.

b.o.)

IV to make
( s.o.)

oentimeter

s.o.) rest (Jl

on); to

make

lean or

recline (Jl against, on); to lean (Jl * s.th.

7J> aan;a

pl.

^-

na;,

c*l*-^*

sanajt

agttinst);
s.th. on);

to rest, support, prop

(Jl

weight (placed as a counterpoise on the


ecales of a balance)

to base, found

(Jl

* s.th. on);

(scienoe of Islamio traditions:) to base

"i*j> ainga (from Turk. ang) pl.

a tradition
noff
authority,

(*)

on

s.o.

(Jl)

as ita

first

i.e.,

to trace back the asorip-

bayonet

(eg.)

tion of a tradition, in ascending Order of

pt- n;
i_jUj-*

aoot,

emut

the traditionaries, to its first authority


so

as

to to

corroborate
lean

its

credibility;

sinjb gray squirrel; fr of the gray

(gram.)

term

(*)

upon anit

squirrel

other
tence,

(Jl)
i.e.,

being the subject of the sento predicate


it,

(JUj einjbi ash-colored, ashen, gray


* aanjaq pl. J<r^-* *Jn;ig' Standard, nag, banner; sanjak, administrative district and subdiviflion of a vilayet (in the

make

its

predicate; to entrut (J or Jl * s.th. to


s.o.),

vest (J or Jl * s.th. in s.o.); to at-

tribute, ascribe (*

J or

Jl

to

s.o. s.th.);

to incriminate, charge (* Jl s.o. with); to lean (Jl against, to, on), rest (Jl on); to be based, be founded ( Jl on)
Jl
|

Ottoman Empire)
w- eanaha a (nA, unuA, ><- sunh) to
occur (J to
s.o.),

***3I

^!

oome to

b.o.'b

mind

(tuhma) to direct one's suspicion on

43

or toward

...;

Jl

**pl
...

OX--I (twnidai)

~1\ predicate {gram.);


{gram.)

4-Jl

Xil
in
to)

subjeot

Btispioion feil

on

VI to support ose

another, give mutual support; to support


o.e. ,

XjL^
(J'

mustanid

relying,
(Jl,

relianoe

lean, rest; to trust, rely


reoline,

VIII to
Jl

lean,

(J#, against, on); to rest one's arms, one's

be

recumbent

J* on), tnuting mustanad


(pl. -t)

J*

XI
tive;
legal

reason,

cause ;

mo-

weight (J*, Jl on), support one's weight b y): to based, b founded (J> J
1

document, paper, deed,

Instrument; voucher, record; re-

to rely (J*, Jl on) t trust, (J*. hare oonfidenoe (J#, Jl in); to use as (documentary) basis (J* .th.),,reet one's
J' on);

ceipt; pl. (documentary) proof, records,

data; legal evidence

(jur.)

ol.fcJLAI jIj

archives, office of public records; ol-Ux_*

case on <J)
-*

y*jM m. aS-kthn
-U-J1

bills

of lading

sanad
stay ,

pl. -f,

jb <wni support,
I

as-aind

region extending

along the

prop,

rest,

back

baoking

(pl.

lower course and delta of the Indus


river;

ob 1) asoription
the
ties
I-jJS*-

(of

anlslamio tradition),
ohain
of
is

the

provinoe of Sind, of West

(uninterrupted)

authori-

Pakistan, with the capital oity Karachi;

on which a tradition

based

the inhabitants of this region

oix

(jfaSabiya)

wooden

struts,

wood

bracing;

(pl. -t)

document,

^jjX-- sandars sandarac


from the sandarao
valvifl)

(a resin obtained

deed, paper, legal Instrument; vouoher,


record; commercial, or negotiable, paper,
seourity,

tree, Callitris quadri-

bond; debenture, promissory


^r-X--

sundua
^5-^--

silk

brooade, sarcenet
silk

note, note of hand, debenture


jLiJI

^ -

bond

*.

Sahn

al-b. bill

of lading;

mtndusi (made) of

brooade

x-JI

JUj

informants, authorities, souroes

or sarcenet

jlx-* sanddn, sindn pl.

^ib

aandin*

JU
bXLi

'

(see above)
(coli.;

anvil
U-.

sindiyn

n. un.

evergreen
bot.)

mienad, maenad

pl. A5l

mae*

oak, holm oak (Quercus ilex;

nid1 support, prop, stay;

rest,

back (of
JLjX-- nndiynl oaken; like oak,

oaky

an armchair);
jbl isnd

cushion, pillow
pl.

oJLI asnid2 ascription

^Lx

(Fr. syndic)

sandik syndio, agent of

(of an Islamie tradition), the (uninter-

a corporation
1

rupted) chain of authorities on which a


tradition
is

j>~' tinnaur

pl.

j^b eannxr*
pl. j*jb-*

oat
fisbing

based;

4JU

(documentary)

proof, vouchers, reoords,


jUI-I istind leaning
(Jl
of,

documents
(Jl

JjLor

sinnra

tannir*

tackle, fishhook

against
|

upon); dependenoe

on)

Jl

IjUI-1

<-Lj_juJI as-eanskrUxya Sanskrit


1

based on, on the basis


of

on the strength
-Ui-

8ant a variety of sant

tree

(Acacia

nilotica; bot.)

-L_*

musnad

pl. .Ul*

masnkP

(science
"k- sanfa (eg.)

of Islamie traditions:) a tradition the


ascription of which
is

wart

traoeable, in (un-

jjk

jnfflf

dulcimer

( jJ^-)
{astron.)

interrupted) ascending order of the traditionaries, to its first authority;

mesh;

^-jjk

fl/ro

CentauruB

436

jk>

ein^ir, sanfir psalter;

duloimer

possible, be feaaible (J for or to s.o.),

be

lendered posaible or feaaible (J for


jjilii-

s.o.),

nngfra Singapore

be put in

s.o.*s

(J)

power; to

rise,

be

JUlu>*-

8tni$l Senegal

elevated, be exalted

n/

(ooll.; n.

un.

5)

pod, capeule, hll

J* and L- sanan

brillianoe, resplend-

e&oe, splendor; flare, flash, aparkle

(feot.)

L- san' brilliance, resplendence, splenIjjU--

sanfara emery

dor, radianoe; flash, flare (of lightning);

^jSc-* anfcari pl.

J^U-

exaltedness, sublimity, majeaty, high rank

rodHra tinsmith,

tinsman, tinner, whitesmith

J-

sanfy

high,

sublime,

exalted,

splendid

jl5c- naJdr synaxarion, martyrologium


J**l

atn more shining, more radiant,


brilliant

(Car.)

more
(syr.)

Sc* (Turk. silng) smgt bayonet

5JU
sooop

aniya

pl.

o\_y

sawnin water

Uj&~

einkn cinohona

(bot.)

L* V to ascend, mount,
JULI
5jji

Bcale

(* s.th.)

jetty,

;L muAtnndA dam

pl.

U-

musannayt

{Jt

(danoata

l-ma'll)

to

attain to greatest honors


**!->

^Jji-* (Gr. otfpodoc) nAfos synod

sanama

height, aummit

peak
(of

tfuntin

swallow (zwi.)

* L- satvm pl. i*i^l

aenima

hump

^j^- aanawf annual, yearly;

b>>

ranainyan

the oamel)
,'
"II

annually, yearly, per year, per


ttuT

annum

#U

af-feunfm the beverage

c-^- IT to speak at great length, talk in


detail
(je-

of the blesaed in Paradise

about, of), enlarge, elaborate,

tasannum aeoession to the throne

expatiate, dilate (j* on)

musannam oonvex, vaulted, arohed


\,\^
tntfflffldr
.

o^> svt pl.


steppe region

*->j4"

suhb level oountry

j^*

lj-

Ij-

jazhu
<->W"'

jouTa
paid

S.,

he repaid bim as they had rei.e. he requited evil with good


anohovy;
salted

ma6 elaboration, elaborateneBs,


j

expatiation, long-windedness, prolixity

t^l^Jj elaborately, in detail, at length,


lengthily

ijj*i-

nnamra
fish

and

amoked
>*i-

v*

muA&,

musAoA

prolix,

long-

to become stale, apoil (food)

winded, lengthy, detailed, elaborate

^L- musdnahaian annually, yearly


1 L-

o^

mAZa a

(aahad) to be sleepless, find

no

sleep II to

make

sleepless,

keep awake,
I

san, JL. L(bot.)

*.

maJtW,

L-

0.

makka

deprive of sleep
L+~

( s.o.)

aenna

(tree) ;

senna

leaflets (pharm.)

suhd sleeplessness, insomnia

% (jL*>

and J-)

L-*

san u (L- san*) to gleam, be resplendent, radiate; to


II

J+* suhud insomniao


*[+*>

ahme,
flash

glisten,

(lightning)

to

faoilitate,

ease,

suhd sleeplessness, insomnia

make easy

(* s.th.)

to be easy, be

4*L- shid sleepless,

awake

J*j+* aahira a (aahar) to be


sleep, paas the night
sleepless, find

no

awake

(also

with

provide, furniah, aupply (* J or J* s.o. with facitiee); (gram.) to read with-

J-Ul } ; to stay

up at

night,

spend the night

out hamzah (* a word)


gent, mild,
forbearing,

to be indul(

(J* in or with some activity); to watoh


(

obliging

to|

J* over), guard (J*


after
(J*),
J

s.o.'a interests, eto.),

look

attend
i*-

interests, eto.)

(J* s.o. 's j+* to attend

to

ward s.o.), show ( a.o.) one's good will 4 J*U (nafaah) to take liberties IV to purge (med.) to relieve (* the oonsti;

a gathering
IT to make

in the evening or at night


sleepless,

pated bowels, said of a medioine); paas.


ushiia to be relieved (said of constipated

keep awake

( s.o.)

j+~ aahar sleeplessness, inaomnia ; wakefulness, vigil; watchfulness, vigilance(Jp

bowels), have a bowel

movement, have
(J for)

diarrhea

to be or

become easy
toward

over)

iSj+~

x* JU I spent a long eve-

VI to be indulgent, mild, forbearing


obliging, tolerant (*.
s.o.,

ning with him


~*j+-

also

J); to be negligent, careless (j in s.th.)

sakra pl. aahart evening; evening

X to deem
J+-- sohl

easy, think to be easy (* s.th.)

party, evening gathering, evening

Bhow
and
edkil

or Performance, Boiree
do.; I^+Jl
(

i-L)

i_^- (lailiya)

smooth,
facile,

level,

even,

^M

or) <-jLj

evening dress,

soft

(ground) ;
for
s.o.);

easy,

convenient
fluent,

formal dreas
o\j+- aahrn sleepless, awake, wakeful
watchful, vigilant
jLj-

(J*

simple,

piain;
(pl.
|

flowing, facile (atyle);

a.

J_^- *

kl) level, soft ground; piain

J|,*i-Vl J^-

handy, easy to handle or to use, ooninBomnia;


venient for use ; ^JtX J+I

auhr

sleeplessneBs,

al-ho^m eaaily
('umla)
soft

wakefulness, vigil
jLj- aahhr one

digestihle,

light;

il+-

~Af

who

is

habitually

up

currenoy; -U J4JI j* lT to be eaay


for a.o.,

and abroad at

night, a

nighthawk

come eaay to

a.o.; "^+-j

^1 see

O
club

j+~\ aahar Bpermatic duct (anat.)

O
pl.

U-*

saMa

(proof) planer (typ.)


(ajfron.)

j+-* mashar

_^l. maahir2 nightJ-+-* awAatf

Canopus

jmL- ahir sleepless, awake, wakeful;

J^+- aahl purgative, laxative, aperient (adj. and n.)


iJ_H--

watchful, vigilant; evening, night, noc-

tumal, nightly, taking place by night

*uAto
|

easiness,

ease,

facility,

*j*l* ii*- (hafla) evening party, evening

convenience

*J_h-j easily, conveniently

gathering, evening
soiree

show or Performance,
J+-I aahaP smoother, evener, leveler;
easier;

more convenient

Js- sahifa a (sahaf) to be very thirsty


J_+-J fcwAiJ pl. -l faoilitation

Lj-

Buhf riolent thirst


Jl+-t

MAdZ diarrhea
taahvl

J+- sahuia u (<1^+- suhla) to be smooth, level, even (ground); to be or become


eaay,
j'

J*L-J
lenienoy,

indulgenoe,

mildneaa,
care-

V (J* J+-i hardly ... II to smooth, level, even (* the ground); to facilitate, make
facile,

convenient

forbearance,

tolerance ;

for)

lesaneaa, negligence

J^

musAif purgative, laxative, ape-

easy, ease (*

J or J*

for s.o. s.th.); to

rient; (pl. -i) a purgative,

a laxative

JJ+--

438

mwAaZ

Buffering

from diarrhea
leni-

forgetfulness

\j+-

sahwan

inattentively,

J*Iu mufcuA! indulgent, mild,


ent, forbearing, tolerant

distractedly, absent-mindedly, heedle&sly,

neggently; inadvertently, by mis-

take
Jl
"
-

mudfeuAai easy, facile


*j4* sahwa a kind of alcove
(j\h-*

^
(

sahama u
draw, lots
take part
(

^uAm) to look grare,


III to cast, or

\j+~ aahwn*

inatten tiv e ,

heedless

hare a grave expression

distracted, absent-minded, forgetful

{
j

with

s.o.);
(

to participate,

in),

partake

j of s.th.), share
(

#L ahin
negligent,

inattentire,
|

absent-minded,

s.th.)

IV to give a share
s.o. (J)

J to

b.o.

forgetful

L*V l^L shiyan


a carefree manner,

in),

make

share s.th. (j)

lhiyan amusing

o.a. in

completely at ease

a* aAm pl. pt^ Am, ^-\ aehum, (pl. ^I tu* suhm arrow; dart;

{*j**)

L sa a u

(*j**

sau*) to be or

beoome

aehum)
stock)
;

portion,

share,

lot ;

Bhare

(of

bad,

evil, foul,

wicked; to become worse,

sahme,

7.293
^-i-till

(Eg.)

a Square measure of jjll p* rocket; ^.l


bonds, gorernment
al-a.
-LiJ

deteriorate (condition); to grieve, sadden,


afflict,

hurt,
pain,
|

vex,

torment,
sorry,

trouble,

founders' shares, original shares;


a. al-qar4

offend,
(

make

displeaae

j-ijJJl tk-\

s.o.)

:>L-

L {aaban) what an
evil praotice) this

bonds;

^*Vl U> hamakU

shareis

evil
ial

way (= what an
UU
*j

holders, stockholders; -+Jl


cast;

the die

--* ,4-J Vy- (musibin) to take


,

an aotir e part in participate actively in ...

L (fannan) to think badly of s.o., have a poor opinion of s.o. ; <uJ IL- L (tlVuhU) he was under an evil star, was
ill-starred,

u-i*jj (4-J

uy>

(wo-na^iitn) do.
;

he was unlucky or unfortunate

J*j-J yas'um I
I_j4-

am Borry

II

to

do badly,

suhm gravenesa Badness, mourn-

spo,
(a

hrm
s.o.

(* s.th.); to blame, censure for s.th.); to disapprove


(*

ing
,^*+-l

Jp

aahumi

share-, stock-

(in

Com-

pounds)
*>!.

of a.th. J in s.o.), dislike (J* * s.th. in s.o.) IT to do badly, spo, hrm (* s.th.)
to deal badly (Jl with
b.o.),

mushama

participation, taking
(

aot meanly to do evil


to

part (j in), sharing


Sirkat

of)

i^lil tf"^
Cor-

or evilly (Jl toward


(Jl

s.o.);

al-m.

joint-stock

Company,

to

s.o.),

wrong

(Jl

s.o.);

hrm
s.o.)

poration

(Jl s.o.),

do hrm
LI
o.b.
...

(Jl to); to hurt, offend,


(

insult (Jl s.o.); to infliot pain

Jl

on

>L
faced

Atm with earnest mien, grave-

Ji^^adl

(tasarrufa)

to

misbehave,
LI

comport
go about

badly;

Jj-cJI
*j

to

>L-* muttZAtm shareholder, stockholder


(_^-)
l^,.

in

an
of

evil

manner;

jUI LI

(zanna) to think badly of

b.o.,

have a
LI
to
o.b.

sahd u {sahw, auhw) to be

in-

poor

opinion

s.o.

j^*=Jl

attentire, absent-minded, distracted; to


negleot, omit, forget, overlook (j* s.th.)
|

choose a poor expression, express

poorly; J^u.1 LI to misuse, abuse s.th.;

4-L

(J

4- auhiya 'alaihi to be

lost

in

d-L* LI
s.o.,

(mu'malaiah)
^tll

to LI

miatreat

thought

treat b.o. badly;

(fahma)

j+~ sahw inattentiveness, inattention,


inadvertenoe,
tractedness ;

to misunderstand

VIH
on

to

go through
days; to be

absent-mindedness,
negligence,

dis-

rugged times,

fall

evil

neglectfulness,

unpleasantly affeoted; to be offended,

439

C*
jann poor opinion
. ((->

hurt, annoyed, indignant, upset, angered,

of);

iL Uli *UI
eto.,

displeaaed (,> about, at, by); to be diasatiafied, disoontent

(-mu'Tnaia

mistreatment,

see

(j* with); to take

IV above LlJ w%<S" dissatisfaction, disoontent,

amiss {J*
j--

a.th.)
ill;

e' pl. 1^-1 a*w* evil,

iniquity,
|

indignation,

displeaaure,

annoyanoe,

injury, offenae;

calamity,

misfortune

vexation
*

C-iJl
JJ1

j-- *.

al-bakt misfortune,

bad luok;
j-J
ill

y-

a.

al-Aau

do. ;

-UJ-

unna-

iS

mttsl'

diapleasing,

unpleaaant,

fortunately; ^jUI >- s.al-hilvq


ture,

offensive; harmful, disadvantageous, per*

ill-temperedness ;

<JU-I

^ bad
mal;

nicioua; inaulting

oonditions; JU-I

^ bad
*>s.

Bituation, pre-

U. must' offended,

diapleased, an-

dicament;

jIjI/I

al-idra

noyed, vezed, indignant (,y about, at, by)


dieaatisfied, disoontent (j- with)
%

administration,
il^LJI

miamanagement

j-*

bad behavior, misbehavior, mia,jiiJI

oonduct;

az-zann poor opinion;


_>-

*\j* see ,jj*>

oLJ^U! *j* bad relations; iLUI

a.

ol-mumaia mistreatment;
abuae, miauae;
,+iJl

Jl^*!/!

>-

<jJj" sawrx horseman, oavalryman, so war; horsemen, oavalry


LJj-* (Fr. soutien) stiyn pl. -t brassiere

j-*

0.

al-fahm miaa.

underatanding;

VUJ1
*.

at-tafkum

mutual miaunderstanding, diaharmony,


diacord; .UaUl jLJl
j-0.

al-gajid evil intent;


.-AI

Vj-

(Fr. xu*4) silh sauteed

an-niya do.;

>-

. al-

VU look up alphabetioally
u to roam

ha4m

indigeetion
;j--

l]j*,

zu'a

pl.

-fl*

shame,

dis-

grace; diagraoeful aot, atrocity; private


part,

(r>-)

j-L-

*Za

travel,

rove,

pudendum;

pudenda
I

iiJi

*y

about
S-U sha
pl. -<K,

(sau'atan)
*(#**>

shame on you
t

^U

*J oourtyard,
field

*<s

8a yy**

Dftdt

evil,

ill,

foul

open square; (open) spaoe; arena;


(fig.)
|

JJ.I

al-hatf unfortunate;

unluoky

person;
LjJ3I

^^U-'l
4.

ai-fcuZug ill-natured;

ai-tor&iya

bad-mannered,

v_A' *"-^ * aJ-Jwrfr theater of war; fUl c>UL- oourts, tribunals; **-U JbiiJl battle field, war zone; Lil 1 L0.

badly brought up; i**Jl


l-reputed,

4.

o-s-*u*n'a

al-qa4* tribunal, forum; <->LJVl

^-t-*

disreputable;

^Ul

*^-

*.

athletio field, Sports field;

*>-U !y

6orro*a

af-fab' ill-natured,

Ul-tempered; fJlW

*ts*

dAataAa to aoquit

8.0.

unlucky, unfortunate; unluoky person;


!>-'

J'

*^

t>

(<Mvx?a>)

from bad to

J\_y sawwh

pl.

-n traveler, touriat

worse 5^- sayy\a


pl. -<K

^U
sin,

i*tA

pl.

-n,

^L- auyydA,

^l_>^

offenae,

miss.th.)

uwuA

traveler, touriat; itinerant der-

deed; bad aide, disadvantage (of


;l nuwtTa
pl.

vish; anchorite {Chr.)

tfjl

ma*Iu**

evil

(r>-) ^U> ftJ4a

u (hy

savJf)

to be or be-

deed, vile action;


sidea,
IL1

pl.

diaadvantages,

bad

drawbacks, ahortoominga
iatita

oome doughy, soft, alippery (esp. ground), yield like mud; to Bink (^^l j in the
ground, of the foot)
to
|

misdeed; offenae, affront,


offenae
|

**-jj

c^-U

(rhuh)

insult;

sin,

jliJl

'-I

i.

ax-

beoome

faint,

awoon

>y*
1

440

j_^- II

to

make

blaok, blaoken (* s.th.); to

book

^JJI

oj4

m.

af-fa6'

proof sheet,

draft (* a letter, etc.),

make a rough
*^*-j
s.o.

galley proof
'(jj-)

draft (* of s.th.); to cover with writing


(* sheets), soribble (*

on

iL

feto

sheets)

j^up,
ohief,

u (L-

siyda,

j*

u'rfud,

(wajhah) to expose

s.o.,

ahow

su'dad) to be or
ohieftain,

become master, head,


aovereign,
lord,

make a

fool of s.o., bring s.o. into dias.o.

over-

repnte, disoredit, disgrace, dishonor

lord (*,

of or over people, of or over

IX to be or become blaok
i\j~

s.th.), rule,

govern

(*, * s.o., s.th.),

reign

(*, over);

to prevail

(o.g.,

view), reign

sawd blaok
(pl. Iaj-\

oolor, black, blaok-

(e.g.,

calm); to be predominant, predom-

ness;

aswida) blaok clothing,


land,
tilth;

inate,
II to

have the upperhand (J over)

mourning;

arable

shape,

make

( s.o.)

master, head, chief,

form; inner pari, coro; majority; multitude


|

ohieftain, eovereign, lord, overlord

jl^-Ji

or JI>Jl j[>- the rural area


*\jJ\
,

LSir;
title

sayyid

pl.

aLJ

of Iiaq;

Jiel/I

the great mass, the largest


part

asyd, JjL sda,

CjIaL sdt master; gentleman; Mister;


lord,

the

great

majority

^Ul
,jJl

*\j~ the jlj0.

common people, the masses;


at-'ain

overlord;

chief,

chieftain;
|

of

Mohammed's
the

direct desoendants
sidl)

eyeball;

ijJ.1

jIj-

^X-before

(sayyidi,

oolloq.

honorifio

suburb, outskirts of the city; JJJI j|>*. al-lail

names

of

Muslim

the long, dark night


(eap. magr.);

Saints

O^U A-Jl

Mr. So-and-So;

ij~\
*fld

aswad*,

f.

Ij^ mud*',

pl.

blaok;

dark-colored;

blaok,

jjew|

^U

j^-I

tfV (tnfl^r.) do.; ^1/1 jUJl .lSupreme Commander of the Navy (Eg.
1939)
I.L-

wod*

pl. ljj--

Min a
the

Negro

l^Jl
jetblack

(j**)

Sudan;

Ijj-

fli

sayyida

pl. -tu

mistress;

lady;

severeet reproaches ;

^-U

>j*\ coal-blaok,

Mrs.

dLi*

io_Jl fo^ikuA)

his wife;

}
blaok bile (one of the

;a_Jl Mrs.

So-and-So

*\>j~ savd'*

oLination,

riyda command, mastery; domrule,

four

humors of anoient medioine); mel-

dominion;

supremaoy;

anoholy, sadness, gloom


l-4j- auwaid"* blaok bile (one of the

sovereignty;

title

and form of address


. . .

of bishops (Chr.) ; siydat


genit.)
title

(with

foll.

four

humors of ancient medioine); meled Druz)


l.b>-

nowadays,

in

Egypt,
the

general

ancholy, sadness, gloom ; l-b^JI Suweida


(oapital of the Jebel
i_-UJt
*.
|

of reapeot

preoeding

name,
in-

^jjL-

= you,

a reepeotful address
titles

al-qlh

the deepest folds of the

troduoed after the abolition of

of

heart, the inmost


ijj\}j*

rank and
*.

Egypt li[^L\ Lal-mufrn His Eminence the Metrosooial class in


|

saudwi melancholio, depressed,

politan;

,j-*SJ\

L-

approx.:
(Eg-);

His Ex-

dejeoted
oellenoy the President

oii

*Jj*

lj^Jl

(>*>)

{bd) aa-Bdn the

Sudan
a

iL-

(rfauia)

sovereign state
dorn-

J!j>- adni Sudanese


Jj j-j tastvid

Sudanese;

(pl.

-n)

ii}- sudud, su'dad dominion,

ination, rule, reign, power, sovereignty

rough draft

4?U
draft,
Jjj-Jl,

s'id prevailing (opinion, feeling,


etc.)

!^<

musawwada,

muswadda

mood, oalm,

rough copy, rough sketoh, notes; day-

iS-by look up alphabetically

t*
*oL
OAj0>

look up alphabetioally and ander

a Jj-

3L-L-

aiyaa

pl. -<U

administration,
i^l*

management ;
savdana to Sudanize (Eg.)
4jij0>

polioy ;

ydwto
Law)
|

for reasons of expedienoy


IJjAll IL-LJl

(Jal.

savdana Sudanization (Eg.)


Surround

(duwaliya) diplomaoy;

i-*L-Jl

S-LJI ('amaftyo.) praotical polioy, Reall

jj0> II to enolose, fence in, wall in,

politik;

with a railing or wall


(*

(* s.th.) III to leap

CT^'

*-*L

r- * at-towoMu*

polioy of expansion
(j-L- *yd*i political; diplomatio;

at

s.o.),

beeet, assail, attaok, assault


( s.o., (pl.
olifF,

( s.o.);

to befall, overoome, grip

emotion)

to soale (* a wall, a

-n, *-*U aaa) politioian; diplomat,


|

etc.)

statesman

*-L-JI

j Ijill
('rtm

politioal ciroles;

jjm sr

pl. j\j**\

aswr wall; enolosure,

(j-LJI

iiLJI

(nlfc)

diplomatio

corpa;

fence, railing

^-LJI jLuJVI
pl.

aJ-igtiflSd)

po-

jj- sra

jj* auwar chapter of

litical soience, political

eoonomy

the Koran, sura

(j-j-j

taaawuma (dental) oaries


pl. *-*U

j_y aaura vehemence, force, violenoe;


severity (of cold)
^lj* aiwr,

h'U
wa,

8SC

-L
groom

^L-*

auyya

stableman,

auwr
,

pl.

jy sr,

jj->i

aawira,

driver (primarily of anunals); manager, leader


"(j-ijil oa-auwSa

jjUl aswir1
armlet,

IjjUI aswira bracelet,


ouff,

bangle ; armband ;

wrist-

Suez (seaport in NE Egypt) Suez Canal

band
'^jl^- look up alphabetioally
*jl>~l

^rij-Jl JL* ganl a-. 'S-Jj-r aee ^j->


c--j-- utfto

look up alphabetioally
(pl.

zipper

(eg.)

t$j>- 8t% Syrian;


Syria

-n) a Syrian
<si^i-\

^j(Jj-*)

sausan, ssan Uly of the Valley

(bot.)

'Ijjj-- ariy

\*j_y (jan* Ijj>(sugr)

iU rfa u (m^) to whip,


( s.o.)

flog, lash,

biya)
do.;
7
i

Palestine;

sJi^i\

dcourge
>j*>

fj&\

Ijjj-> (kubr) (Greater)

Syria

sauf pl.

Jffl^-I

aswf, iL-

tyf

*ljy

sriya*

whip, lash, soourge


Ijjj--

J*j*

O^j")

^U

miwaf

stick or similar

implement

saa

u (i^Lrule

aiyaa) to
s.o.);
*

domlead,
s.th.);

used for stirring

inate,

govern,

to

guido, conduct, direct (* f

s.o..

eL a'a

pl. -t,

pl ' (hort) time, while;

to adininister, manage, regulato (a s.th.);

hour; timepiece, clock, watch; cUI the

aawisa

yaswasu to be or become

Hour of
present,

Besurreotion ; aa-a*ata now, at

worm-eaten; to beoome carious (tooth);


to rot, decay (bones)

by

this time, at this

moment, in
immedifrom

and T

sawisa

this instant; at once, instantly,


ately, just
|

aus (ooll.; n. un. ) pl. Lj^ jj-j-* aisn woodworm, borer; mothworm

tO*"'j **'
ieLJI

ilr-i

(twi-ttfcr)

hour
UL-JI
4=pL>

to

hour;

J*-

unt

now;

j* from

now

on, henceforth; j*

^.jM ss
b*-)
I

lioorioe
/*

(Glyoyrrhiza glabra;
**

immediately, presently, instantly,

WJ*
i-jj

lioorice

root;

at once; i*LJI 4i* from


forth;
i_i1

now

on, hence-

^j-JI

rubb aa-8. licorice rob, tbick-

ened

licorice juice

*^LJ ol* he died instantly; -U . al-jaib pocket watch 5*1*j UL>


;

f
(ramitya)
*ya)

hourglass ;

4~-r*
J>
I

*U
*frn

{&im*

Jty*

II

to put off

{ s.o.);

to postpone,

draw

sundi&l;

*U

*f ait/

out, delay, procrastinate (* s.th.)

transitory, ephemeral

Jtf
(tar)

saufa (abbreviated form m


tense, o.g.,

s)

iiu-U 'oto'v^tn in that hour

particle of future

isJ^j"
maswif*
in-

Jl*L T<SW

pl.

-yo

watohmaker
little

you

will see
-t,

rruufa pl.
interval,

jl

m^
while

uuut'a

pl. -t

hour,

littlo

distance, terval
|

stretoh;

(mw.)

L_ J*

at some distance
pl. -t

(fj*>)

M-* sga u (JU0,


to swallow,

l masg)

to be

tJuj-J taswif

prooraBtination,

easy

go down pleasantly

postponement, delay, deferment


jlj-j
tastvifi

(drink, food); to be permiflsible,

be perdilatory, delaying, pro-

mitted, allowed (J to
(*
s.th.);

s.o.);

to swallow

craBtinating

to

permit,

allow,

aooept,

tolerate (* s.th.),

put up

(* with s.th.),
(*,
fig.)

JlL-i^- sfUf'i sophistio


oLij-- sufyt, >l-xJf sovylt Soviet

swallow, stomach s.th.

II

to

make
to

permissible,

permit,

allow

(*

s.o. s.th.),
(-*

admit

(* s.th.); to justify,

jLi^

sufyti,
|

Warrant
{*
s.th.)

* s.th. with); to lease, let

viet (adj.)

JJ>-, JsAK sofyeil soJU>-Jl iU'^1 (tihd) the

IV

to

wash down, swallow


(fig.:)

Soviet Union

easily {* s.th.);

to take, swallow,
s.th.
(*),

stomach

(*

s.th.),

Btand for

(J>-)

JL

*J?a u (sauq, **L~ siyqa,

JU(*,

put up with

s.tb. (*)

to leaae (* s.th.),

nuud?) to drive, urge on,


prisoners,
fcJtJL
cattle)
;

herd

take a lease (* of

s.th.)

to regard as
s.th.);

to

draft,

conscript

easy to swallow, find pleasant (*

li'l-jundiya for military service);


(*

to taste, enjoy, relish (* s.th.); to ap-

to
(*

drive

an automobile); to

pilot

prove

(*

of

s.th.),

admit, graut (*

s.th.),

an airplane); to carry along, convey,

deem

{* s.th.)

proper
aocess;
possibility;

transport (* B.th.); to send, dispatch,

forward, convey, hand over (Jl * s.th.


j-l masg easy to s.o.);
^*~~i
/

to

utter

(*

s.th.);

to

cite,
j

permiBsion
tat*')

LiL

(V

*'

quote, propound, put forth (* s.th.)

he

couldn't

put

up with
. .
.

....

iU*

JL

(masdqah)

to

follow

the
to

couldn't reconoile himself to

couldn't

example or path of

s.o.; j-J-I

JU

swallow

...; ilill

1/

(masga, Sakk)
it

carry on the converaation;


to address s.o.; j.U.I

Jl i^-lM
jJLJi

JL

one eannot possibly doubt


A>j-j
leasing
|

JLj

{yuaqy.)

tatwig

biring

out

on

lease,

i>l (ffo^) ImIfej-\j ir*/*"

you are the one that ifl meant II to market, seil (* merohandise) III to accompany
( s.o.);

Lease Act {pol, Tim.)

to go along, agree

with

s.o.)

JL
lowed

sd'i

easy

to

swallow;

tasty,
al-

V
in

to trade in the market, seil

and buy

paltable;

permissible,

permitted,

the market VI to draw out; to form

a sequenoe, be suooessive, be oontinuous, be coherent; to harmonize VII to drift; to be driven; to be carried away, be
given over
to
...,
|

justifying faofj~.< musatvwifl pl. -t


tor, justification,

good reason

Jl

JLJl to carry

s.o.

away

fLS~* mustasg easy to swallow; tasty,


paltable

drive or urge s.o. to

...

VIII to

drive, urge

on t herd

( oattle)

443

.
Jtj* sawiq a kind of mush made of wheat or barley (also with augar and
dates)

3_y saug driving


tary servioe);
also

(of

a oar); draft,

oonsoription (*tJ^ U-l-jundiya for mili-

mobilization
energiee,

(of troope,
|

of forces,

eto.)

jU-l

Jij* sutvaiq and


Btalk (of plants)

<jj-*

suwaiqa tem,

jj-J! ijzat

aas. driving license


sauqiya trategy
f.,

O
JU

l!^
sq

*i>uU~geom.);
rigor

uuxziga Bmall

market
sequenoe,
;

pl.

3_y

sq,

JU-

siyq

Buocession,

shank;
(jjfim.);

thigh;

leg

(also

aide

oourse, thread (of oonversation)


Jlj--

oontext
(of

trank (of a
pU-l
|

tree); stem, atalk

(of

plants)

JU

aavnoq

pl. -fin

driver

ani-

a,

al-hamm
bot.);

mala) ; driver.ohauffeur; (railroad) engineer

bugloss (Anchusa officinalis;

)j >Uj

JUII rabiat <w-#. garter;

JUII JLJl

iLj
Ja

JU. maaq
Jl it

trend of things, oourse,


s.th.;
. . .

Order of the

Garter;

'02m
c*1j

development, or progresB, of

U
wind*
also

aas. shinbone, tibia; u**Ull tfjUi* **


feudwf s-sqain isoscelea
(jm.);

amounts to
. . .

. . .

comea to

up
see

in

is

ultimately aimed at
|

. . . ;

JL- J* v^J-' (ar&u) the war was or became violent, flared up; war broke out;

JU

sqa above

oUlj-Ul

course of studies; Jl JUII

JU* ,ii\ we (S
,j...

LffU j

*->.J"l

*izf

(kaSafat) do.; Juti"


diffl-

have oome to the point where

U
cult;

j j-Vl the matter became

bU

JU

J*
in

._ij

(.

-jidd)
to,

to

Jj^-j iasunq marketing, Bale (of merchandise)

turn one's zeal


o.a.,

to,

apply

o.b.

ezert

il^-j taswiqa
tageouB purohase

(eg.)

bargain, adran-

make
*ai

efforts

Order to

...;

Je

JUj

(gotiam) in fll swing, oarried

on most

energetioally (undertaking, preetc.);

JjUJ taewnq

coherence, interrelation,

parationB,

jJl

J-jl

arsala
like

connection, contezt;

harmony

dqah U-r-rih to Bpeed along

the

jJU saiq
(pl. -n,

driving; driving force;


sqa) driver

wind

(of animals);

U
Jj--

sqa rear guard, arriere-garde

ohauffeur, driver;

(aircraft) pilot

sq

mostly

f.,

pl. Jl^-I

tuuxSg
jJl

j*j~* mu8auqar {tun.)


(i\y) iJU eka
(*
s.th.)

j-*

musattkar

bazaar street; market;

fair

J>free

(sank) to rub, scrub, bcout

U*-Vlj
bazaar ;

*.

aX-birr
I

wa-l-ihsn
(Aurra)

eharity

II to olean

and

polish, brush,

*J-

Jj-Jl

the

clean
i\\j*>

(uU-Vl the teeth)


aiwk
pl,

market;
*>J~-

U*-Vl

J>-

eharity

bazaar;

^J" {irtya) do.; j^IM J^- (wuwd) the black market; iJj^iil J^Jl
(m&araifc)
xcJI
.

il^ sk a small stick


is

11

(the tip of

which

softened

by ohewing

the

Common

Market;

Jj--

or beating) used for cleaning and polishing the teeth

an-naqd
jLUl

money market
J'j-S
j_>I*

(stock

ezchange);

ti1lj*^l

produce
'u^wi
aZ-

illj

miswk

pl.

iLjU. masxnk*

markets;

J_>-

gufn ootton exohange

jfj- saukara to insure


y_j- sqa subjeets; rabble,

(*

gooda, etc.); to

mob
vul-

regiater (* a letter)

J^gr

*qi

plebeian,

common,

jO
(letter)

mueaukar inaured; registered

444

'J^- II to talk or argue


evil

s.o. (J)

into s.th.
s.o.,

iSj* sawiya a to be quivalent,

be equal

or fateful

(*);

to entioe, seduoe (J
J

(* to s.th.), equal (* s.th.) II to even,


level,
s.th.);

aid of the Devil)

<-J

<l

cJj*.

(na/*

nivellate,

flatten,

straighten

(*

suh) he let himself be seduced (* to) 'J^-J taaawwaia (for

to smooth (* s.th.); to smooth


{*
s.th.,
e.g.,

down
jL?
tasa"ala) to beg
<uLJ

folds,
;

wrinkles
equalize,
eise),

one's

clothes)

to

Jj-J taaawvnd begging, beggary


Jj-1. mutagavwril
l

make equal
(* B.tb.)

(i^ m s.th.

to s.th.
(<-*

put

on the same

level

with

s.th.);

pl.

-n beggar
UfLj
iS_y to
footing,
offer for aale
(*

put two persona on an


treat

{[j-) jU
(*

ma u (am) to

equal

a oommodity); to impoae

upon
*

equals, reooneile
regulr,

two persona as two persona; to make


(* a.th.) ; to

s.o.

a punishment or
s.o.

task),

fort (*

make good

oook prop-

upon
of
Li-*-

diffioult task);

to
his

demand
power
s.o.
|

erly (* a.th.); to regulato, arrange,

make
(*

s.o. {*)

s.th.

(*)

beyond
to

up, smooth over,

Bettle,

put in Order
|

**U

(jeasfan)

treat

un-

dispute, a eontroversy, eto.)

**J**\

^y*

justly,
(il*

wrong

s.o.; to

humiliate s.o.;

to crush

s.o. 's

pride III to be equivalent,


s.th.),

aiyma) to ordain, oonseorate (a

be equal (* to
to be worth (*

equal (* s.th.);

priest,

a bishop,
(*

etc.; Chr.)
s.o.

n to impoae,
task),

s.th.); to equalize,

make

foroe

upon

diffioult

equal

(<_->

* s.th. to s.th. eise), put (* s.th.)


level <i^ with); to establish

ooeroe (*

* s.o.

to s.th.
(*)

diffioult);
(*)

to dehis

on the same

mand
an mark
of

of

s.o.

s.th.

beyond

power; to assess, estimate (m the value


objeot)
(*
;

to mark, provide with a


III to
(*

s.th.)

bargain, haggle,

jw between and); make them equals, equalize them, put them on the same footing; to regulato, arrange, make up, Bmooth over,
equality (*jj
*r~>

jjU

to

ehaffer over

a prioe

with
->

s.o.);

to barover)

settle,

put in Order

(*

a dispute, a eontro-

gain, haggle (J or Je,

with

s.o.

versy, etc.); L^Lj iSjl*

= LfLj
balance

jj* (aaw
VIII

IV to

let (* oattle)

graze freely; to let

w)

VI to be equal or similar; to be
keep
the

(* the eye)

wander VI to bargain, haggle


VIII to bargain, haggle,

balanced,

to

(j

over,

for)

be even, regulr, equal; to be equivalent


(* to); to be

ohaffer (i^ or
ijL*.

<j,

Je over,

for)

on the same

level; to

be or

mwdwama

beeome
pl. -t

straight, even, level;

to stand

bargaining,

upright, ereet, straight; to straighten up;

to

sit Bit

down

(Je on),

i/U s&ima

pl.

r\_y sawd'tm1 freely

to

firmly (Je

mount (Je s.th.); on an animal); to be

grazing livestook

properly cooked, be well done ; to ripen,

mature, be or beoome ripe


pU, iyU look up alphabetioally
iSj* siwan,

suwan

equality, sameness;

ft tjUL*. see
smir*

V*

(with

foll.
|

genit. or suffix) other than,

j*y

Sumer

except

tfj* A~

indiBoriminate(ly), alike, the

Je (kaddin) equal(ly), same; *Li


preferred

*J**j* Sumatra Sumatra


i)\j"\

Lk J* faddaldh 'al siwhu he bim to everybody eise; ^jiSy


Egypt, on

look up alphabetioally
in central

only, nothing but


except
|

^
(la*

P*j- shag Sohag (oity


the Nile)

*\_y aaw* equal; equality,

samenesa;

sato'a

^i

JS* ^aJ

*\y

445

L.
the law
tfjLZli

daiki)

it is all

the Barne to him, he


Ij-j

is

in(ao-

J* or tfjL-Ub

likewiae,

different to everything;

#'j-

in like manner, equally, evenly, regularly


lji-1

wtTon)

equally,

indiaoriminately,

withlike-

istiwtf

straightness;

eve.nness,
|

out distinotion; together; #I>JI J*


wise, in

levelness; equality, regularity, steadineaa

lue manner, equally, evenly,

J>l-VI

V-

$a#

oj-wf. equator

indiacriminately, without distinotion; all

the aame, making no differenee; J* ljit

jlji-l

wttwd'i
UkJ.1

equatorial,

tropioal

doesn't
f'

make any
'L>~
. . . ,

differenee for ...;

V*|>^Vl

(mnfa?a)

or

>UI

(j')

whether
or
.

or
it
.
' i

(aatttl'on)

regardless

yljs-yi the tropios


jl* musdwtn equal, equivalent, similar

no matter whether

. .

be
jj

that
tVI

...

or
lj-

. . . ,.

do.

l_>-

.H^L. A--^
of Soorates,

jLl* muto*Junn equal,

aimilar, (a)like;

j^jjuVt

_r*j the

diaeiples

even, equable, equally Btrong; of equal

both
(i^jil)

Athenians
J-j)1

and

non- Athenians;

lj- (mahajja) the Btraight,

weight, equipoised, equiponderant | jjLi.


jlu*l/l

equidistant; Wjjll
;

jjLl* m.z-zaw*

right path

yd equiangular (jcom.) jJLJl jjt-I. m.


pl. Ij^-I

&jm sawiy
right,

ajunyd'* straight;

sfat isosoelee (peom.); jLVl jjL-*


equilateral (geom.)
_ji_.

correot,

proper;

unimpaired, instraight-

taet,

sound;

Btraight-bodied,

shaped, of regulr build or growth; even,


regulr, well-proportioned, shapely, har-

mtutoun'n Btraight, upright, ereot

even, emooth, regulr; well done (oooking); ripe,

monious;

bj--

sauXyan

in

common,

mature

jointly, together

tiji muafawon level, niveau, Stand-

*jj- satnya pl.

Uj- aawy

equali-

ard
*I*Jl

Hl

jj= water

level;

tfjt-U

ty; sawiyatan together, jointly

(J

fmi)

scientific level; LJ-i

jji

m. l-hayh Standard of

living;

ijy>
level

^ *tyy (for
equal, similar, are alike, are

J
or

m. and
(a)like

f.)
|

pl.

IjJ asw*

(with

foll.

genit.)
...

on an equal

OL- l> they the same; j.l* L- l>

footing with
u_>.Jl

they are both the same to

^
*j

me
in par-

(Fr. Ja

5u&) cm-0uw2 Sweden

Id

riyyamd

especially,

j-4j- wwidl Swede; Swedish


,j-i>Jl as-suwla

ticular,

mainly
aawsiya
(pl.)

Suez (seaport in

NE Egypt)

"<^j-

equal,

alike

(j-i^-JI (JbJ) *li* (?andf,

qanl) Suez Ganal

V*L>" (*)
j-j

they are
leveling,

equals
Ij-Jj(It.

Svizzera) swiser Switzerland

tastoiya

nivellation

settlement, arrangement, adjustment (of


controversies, eto.); equalization ; settle1 S~-

tjj^ij* steiseri Swiss

ya
<j-

pl. -<M

eurved part of a bow

ment

(of

bill)

<i>*-*"

-* outstanding,
1

unsettled, unpaid {com.)


*ljL_*

short form of 0-* sayyid, jU~* Mr.,

musxvh equality, equivalenoe;

Sir (esp. nw^r.)

equal rights, equality before the law;


settlement, oomposition (com.)

'^
(L-

yy iL- see tf-K


aiym Siam, Thailand

jLJ taatmn

equality,

equivalence,

aameness; equal rights, equality before

jL- tydn oyanogen

44ft

(vi**) v'-*

*5*a
;

* (***&)

to flow, stream, zun

i*-L- siyha pl. -t travel; tourism

(water)

to zun along, speed along, glide


ist

^U- oayyh

pl.

-n

traveler;

toor-

along, creep along, crawl along; to walk


fast,

hurry

{eg.)

to leave, give up, relin-

quish {* s.th.);

(eg.)

to negleot

(*, * s.o.,

L- s'ih

pl.

-n,

r-U- uyydA,

uw

s.th.); (eg.) to release, let go, free (*,


s.th.) II

s.o.,

wh

traveler; tourist; itinerant derviah;

to leave, give up, relinquish (*


{*, s.o., s.th.);
*

anchorite (Chr.)
_-*

s.th.);

to negleot

to re-

musayyah

fluid,

liquid; Btriped

leaae, let go, free {*,

s.o., s.th.)

YII to

(garment)
*(;--) j-U aka

flow, stream,
(Jl into),

ran (water); to pour, flow


i

enter (JI s.th.); to peter out,

{>

oaik,

uU- sayakdn)

seep

away,

ezhaust

itself;

to

speed
a

to sink into the ground or

mud
skewer;
foil,

along, glide along, ran along, crawl or

creep (along) ; to glide, slip (ju between)


to walk fast, hurry; with to begin at once to
foll.

>

tnk

pl. j-U-l

asyfy spit,

imperf.:

rapier; iron prong or bolt

do

s.th.

i~*, IjU-' see *Jj-*

uiUJl inaiybi, Jdlt


stream-lined

jLJl

ins.

S-SaU
Ijlx-*

dra

pl. -t (see Jjl-u)

an Iraqi head-

gear,
i_JL- &"ib forlorn, lost, (a)stray; free,
loose, lax, unreatrained

commonly of blaok velvet; overseas

cap
(s*) jL- ara
i

(jj- mir,

jjj^

aairra, ttuyr)

t^r-i- siblriy Siberia

s~* masir,
in,

Ijw

mtuira,

jUJ

*- II to fence

in,

hedge

Burround with

to

move

(on), eet out, strike out, Btart,

a hedge (*

s.th.)

paas. of II

get going; to

move

along; to march;

to travel, journey; to ride (in a vehicle);

A~*
(flg.)

siyj pl.

-t,

<r^*' anoija, ^L-l

to go, go away, leave, depart; to run,

asyj hedge; fencing, fence; enclosure;

operate (j

ju between

and,
work,

of a

bulwark, ehield (of a country, of

train); to flow (eleotrio ourrent); to run,

a nation)

be

in

Operation,

funotion,
(e.g.,

go

VU

look up alphabetically
(eg.)

(machine); to progress

work); to
(Jl for

make
jl*~- aigr cigar
jl*r<
s.th.),

(Jl

for s.th.), be

headed

approaoh
(Jl

(Jl B.th.),

be directed,
to oirou-

eigra

pl. -t,

,/U

be oriented
aagyir*,

toward

s.th.);

y'U*late,

make

the rounds, be or become

sag*ir* oigarette (eg.)

ourrent (proverb); to follow, maintain


to
dis-

(^--) ^L- eha


flow,

(oaify,

i>L~* oayahn)

(Ijw oairan a behavior,

J*

s.th.);

to

ran (water); to melt, thaw,

behave, conduct
t

o.s.;

to prooeed, aot
|

solve,

become

liquid (snow, metal);

(aaik t 4*-U* siyha)

to travel, journey;
II

4i

acoording to) <J or ,#jx bi-mvqtaf jU to lead s.o., lead b.o. away;

to rove,

roam about

to

make

flow,

Ijj

jU

to

follow,

pursue

s.o.;

jU
walk

cause to flow (* a river, etc.); to melt,


disBolve, liquefy, Bmelt, fuse (* metal,

LUSj

C-*- (jVatan toa-iahban) to

up and down, go back and


o-*=M Jrf(*

forth;

j jU
ilai-'l

and the

like); to melt, clarify (* butter) (* B.th.)

it-tahaaeun) to be
IfS

on the

IT to make flow, cause to flow


VII to Bpread, pour forth

road
(kifta)

to

recovery;

jL-

Jfl

the course he followed;

i*- 1>* jU

447

(siratan hasanatan) to

behave well;
not to

jU
be a

itinerant, roving,

roaming about;
SjL-

cirou<>r

V-^ J*
and
tangible

{qadamaihi)
still

be

dead

lating; planet

J**

{/)

forgotten, be
reality

much
set

alive,

JjL-

ojlj*.

daily newspapers, daiea


pl. -t

II

to

in

motion,
jlr-

drive (a s.th.); to

make

sayyra
a.

automobile, car

(* s.th., e.g.,

j*-Vl jU-

an automobile) go; to
let

al-ujra taxi cab; *pj.u jL-

Start, start up,

run

(mvdarra'a) armored aar; IjjjJ j'(a a

machine); to go in
carry on, ply,

(a for

a
riya) patrol car; <Jl-Vl jl~.

{daw

al-is'f

task),

run,

practice

(*

ambulance; *J*** SjL- (mu$ajfaha) ar-

a trade); to drive (a a car), pilot, steer


(a
s.th.);

mored
lorry;

car; JiJI
jlJl

jL-

s,

to send, dispatch, send out


jJLto circulate, put in cir-

an-naql truck,

(automobile) driver,

(a, * s.o., s.th.);

Chauffeur
culation (a s.th.); to stripe (a a garment,
etc.) III to

keep up, go along


s.o. 's () side; to o.s. willing to

with

jl*
etc.)

masr

pl.

-t

path

(of rays,

s.o.); to

walk at

pursue
please

(a s.th.); to
(

show
(

j^a
march

masir
{mtl.);

travel,

journey,

tour;

s.o.),

comply

with

s.o. 's

wish); to

departure; distanoe

be in agreement, be consistent (* with


s.th.); to

be familir, intimate, be hand


get

_r~* masira travel, journey, tour; de-

in

glove,
o.s.

along

with

s.o.)

to

parture; diatance

adapt
etc.)

(* to

oiroumstances, events,

ji-j

taayir

dispatoh,

sending
j

out
_^*-)l

IV to

set in motion, drive (a s.th.);


(a,

propulsion, drive (techn.)


(najf$i) jet j-L-.

(jUJi

to send, dispatch
j^>
sair
trip,

s.o., s.th.)

propulsion

tour,

travel,

journey,

muayara adaptation, adjust-

walk, errand, march, procession; move-

ment, motion; departure; course, progress


(of

an undertaking)
cnduct,

procedure,
;

yU
walker,

s'ir

going,

Walking,

running;

practioe,
life;

behavior

(way of

wayfarer,

wanderer ; generally
j~>
j

4_ji-J!j
life;

observance, pursuance (J* of s.th.) | j-*- (hiun as-s.) blameless _^


II

known, current (proverb); see also


j-*l

<*A*-

(kadama) transient laborers,


(eg.)

<Jj* Ijj

_^-JI

(garatfihi) in

pur-

seasonal laborers

suance of bis intention

_n
(<_>

musayyar

direoted,

controlled

jy
girth ;
ii_^r.

sair pl. jj~*

auyr {leather) belt;


transmission
belt
f

by); guided, remote-controlled; not


(phos., as opposed

drive
s~*

belt,

(mutaharrik)
line

conveyor

belt,

endowed with free will to j\im* mukayyar)


(^Ijrj--

assembly

sirs (syr.) glue

made

of the yellow

Ijy

saira gait; course

powder of a pulverized
for pasting leather

root, used esp.

j^* sira pl.

y
sg.

siyar conduct, com-

portment, demeanor, behavior, way of


life;

*j\j^ straf im seraphim

attitude,
(in

position,

reaction,
pl.)
Ijj-Jl

way
r s~*
siraj

of acting ;

or

biography,
the
biog-

sesame

oil

history; pl. campaigns;

raphy of

Mohammed
fraquently,
al-

iSj-* (Fr. eirque)

sirk circus

jl~ sayyr traveling

L-j-- saisabn sesban (an indigenous


tian shrub

Egyp-

ways on the move, continually moving;

whose leaves have a purga-

U8
tive effeot,
bot.)

Sesbania aegyptiaca Pers.;

J-tion;

sail pl. <Sj~*

suytil flood,

inunda|

torrent, torrential

stream

J-has

^-i-

*m

pl.

l;-

llj*

('urm) huge masa, flood, stream;


Jr-Jl
its

4feij/t,

,^-L-

*xyd*l
<-*jJl

A^

(ruJw)

the

matter

(#.)

pony; young rat

reached

climax, has

oome to a head

Ja-r sat/ara to command, dominate, control (Jp s.th.); to

iL*}j~*

saila

stream
state, liquidity,

over

s.th.),

be master or lord (Jp reign, gain power (J* over


(J*
s.th.),

mtySla liquid

B.th.); to seize

of B.th.) II tasaifara
jU~
eaifara

take hold (Jp ^U--

flow(ing)

JLa
fluid

sayyl Streaming, pouring,

tor-

ruie,

dominion,

domi-

rential; fluid, liquid;


|

liquid; stream;

nation,

command, supremacy, power,

Jl-

J*

(qalam) facile pen, fluent

authority

(J* over); decisive influenae (J* on); control (J* over)

Btyle

3JL- sayyla rivulet; pooket

jL~** Mwoiftr ruler, Borereign, overlord


(_j-.

^L- aayaln flowing, flow; running;


deliquescence,
liquefaotion ;

gonorrhea

(med.); see also below


at/
pl.

<J>*

suyf,

<_i L--I

<u y/,
rapier
|

(Ju-I asyw/ s word; sabre,

foil,

J-

masil

pl.

JjU- maayiP

river

r^t-Vl

s.

ai-islm title of princes

bed, rivulet

of the royal house of Ju*


*/ pl. <Jl~-l

Yemen

JJU sa
wJ'i/1 )

fluid,

liquid;
fluid
|

(pl.

Jj'_j-*

*-

aayf shore, coast

a liquid, a

JSjj-Jl

^
of

<JL- sayyf executioner

'am aas. hydraulics


(with sabre

jI_. musyafa fencing


or
foil)

JJU Ttiiyo

fluidity, liquid state

aggregation (phys.)

^L-- oaya&n' Ceylon


3

*jK

sigra

pl.

j-'K-.

sag'ir*

cigarette
l

tA--

Alan garnet (precious stone)


(pasa.)

(*y-)

~- tma

and VII to be oonsecrated,

IjSw- u'&urn, aatitarn henbane (Hyoscy-

be ordained (Chr.)
'L-1/j uw-fcl

amus
Ijjj.
(SLJ-l)

niger; bot.)
sicurtd)

siyyam

see i$j-

(It.

aikurth

insuranoe
fire

|<-.

*imfl*

see next entry

Ji>i #jjC--

(hayh)

(life)
*

insuranoe
-^JjSl-' sifcolix, saifcolji peychologio(al) <J
1

(J

*--

m
pl.

(Ij-

rirnd),

Ij-

sim* 1 ,
sign,

*-
charac-

tma

*-

yam

mark,

teristic;

mien, expression

(Jr")

J^-*

*^*

(***'

^^r

*yoJn)

to

U--

simiy, L*-* aimty'" natural magio

flow, Btream; to

be or become liquid; to
(Ju*5&uA) bis

melt

J* *jUI watered for ...


|

JU

mouth
B.th.)

sin

name of

the letter

II to

make

flow, cause to

Vfl ,J1

UAIIt al-a&"a (M-mniya S rays

Btream, liquefy, melt, dissolre (*

IV

= II

b- nn

and Lx* n' 1 Sinai

449

jU
motion-picture
actor, film
film,

^*-

(Fr.

cinima)
|

cinema,

motion-pio-

atar

ZAjj

ture

theater

UuJl

jja

dr
;

as-s.

V^i"
l^Lw-.
rdf

motion picture,

movie
tnimatuQ'

motionpioture
(c~L)
UiL

theatera,
ailent

movies

uLr
#

film;

(jUU)

Liw L^>
film,

(Fr. cinimaiogra'pht)

or (c-j L)

o'U Liw

cinematograph
(Fr. cinimascope)

aound

talkie

^j$iJLx~

sfnimaskb Cin-

^L^ju inem't cinematographio, cine-

emascope
,_j-^x- (Gr. ovvooq)

matic, cinema-, movie- (in Compounds);

nndos Bynod

^i abbreviation of fjLi idri' street (St.)

perceive an evil

omen
(v

(t->

in),

regard as
foretell

.U

id*

(coli.; n.

un.

IU &A)

an
pl. .I^i ItuxZA,

evil

portent
{*_>

a.th.);

to

calamity

Li JtydA aheep; ewe


^Lill

from)

oi-la'm, aJ-&Em the northern re-

V^.P
jjU

JFu'fr

pl.

--jti

kiinb* downpour,

gion, the North; Syria;

Damaacns

LU
>l_^

shower

j j (yamanan) northward and aouthward


storehouae,

&di> tent;

warehouse,

t/Li

idmi

Syrian;

pl.

-fln,

magazine
jljjjLi

iuuxSm) a Syrian
J\j. Sa'mi

Sdarwn fountain; a small waterbelle,

Syrian (adj. and

n.)

driven gadget adorned with


the
(T-ijjLi

and
C_p fortune; evil omen, portent

like,

resembling a mobile

iu'm calamity, bad luck, mia|

LJ-Jl V-c

Srbim cherubim

Up
devil

(tomJa\ duni/<5) (don't

fill

the world

with evil omen!) approz.: talk of the


,^-U Ssi ohaasis

and he

will
f.

appear

Uli ia'/o root

li J*U-I

ista'pala $a'*

lUl oJ'am*,

i/p himd inauspicioua,

fatah to extirpate, root out, eradicate


a.bh.,

ill-omened, ominous, portentous, sinister;

remove

s.th. drastically

calamitous, disastroua ; unfortunate, fatal,


i

(^jijTU

JflriUI

and J^Sli
|

fofcfli pl.

jS\ J

accuraed
l*jUJ

SatoktP

hammer

^^TU

y) hammer-

taSaum pessimism

head (shark)
(JU JJ
pl.

j-^Li fiidn

shawl
pl. -dt

jli>

f4jmaTlm*

ma&m and

maSm

pl.

inauapicioua, ill-omened,
|

<JU

(Ft. eaZei*)

MJ&

hunting oabin,

ominoua, sinister; unfortunate, unluoky

Bhooting lodge; beach cabin, cabana

^j}^
in),

jap {'adad) unlucky

number

* LL mutaS'im pessimiat

>U

VI to perceive an evil

omen (^
t_j

or
*->

*_>

regard as an evil portent (,y or


to foretell calamity (j* or
superstitioua ;

a.th.);

uU

Sa'n pl. jjicern,

Sun

matter,

affair,

con-

from) ; to be

buaineaa;

circumstances, State of

to

be

peaaimistic

to

affaira, oase;

natura, character, quality,

; ;

jb
kind; Situation, condition, etat; significance; importance, consequence; Standing, prestige,

460

Sa'nirt)

what business of yours

is
<J

this?

what's that to you? iUi


s.th. to

j oU

he has

rank cranial suture ;


; |

pl. OjJ-i

do witb

this,

he haa a hand in (Sana) he hasn't be has no part


shall
is

tears; ja' na like, as

jLi} bi-Sani regard-

this;

iiUi

*J

lt

ing, witb regard or respect to, relating


to,

anything to do witb
in this;

this,

pertaining
oll

to,

ooncerning,

as

to,

about;

J*-

(jaUa) the

Sublime (of
So-

iUi j jti J ,^-J I nothing to do with that, that

have

none of

God); -tl^-Vl

jjlti ijjj Ministry of


I

my
*j

business, I shan't

meddle in that;
anything to do
;

cial AfFairs ; S-j-jU-'


affairs; jLtll jj,
f.

jJJl {krijiya) foreign

J uU V

(Sa'na) I haven't

uUJl oli the responsible


directly
_jjjl

with

it, it's

none of my buBiness
I
still
f

jU

<**

man, the man in cbarge, tbe man


conoerned with tbe matter;
J-Jf.

j*X (kar)
with him
;

have a bone to pick


(K-6a (K Ax'niA)
s.th.

jliJI

ul

<>U

,_

r*J t_-> i
;

and uil jji iaum

i-i.

the influen-

he attended to a task be went to do


*jU Jl

tial

people, tbe competent people; thoee


Li-I

Ji^l
I4JU
herseif

(inparafa) he left to

do

his

concemed with the matter;


S.

jjj-i

work;

j*

c-*-Ll

(ajjJaAaf)

she

al-hayh worldly affairs;

Lill j-L*-

of

made
is

up

<>U

J*

ahmala
that

great

importance;
lill

U
J;

/*

ignificant,

Ha'nah he neglected him;


his habit;
Le*l,a

*jti iiUi

important ;

high-ranking

<>ti So*

he

is

alwaya

(formerly, Tun.) title of

membersofthe

that way;

j
.
.

<iU (Ja'nfc) as he used to


.

Bey's family; jUJI i^*-L# tbe one con-

do

in

.;

^> * <iU (a'noA) as he

cemed; UJI ^L**l those concemed; the


important, influen tial people;
0j_J-iJLj
.

used to deal witb people


*jb jj
jl
it

wbo

jtT
. . .

O
. .

<-Jil*

was

his wont, he used to

(muJfcaWa/)
tiJJj

charge d'affairea
4>li

(dipl.);
.

Jl

li
.)

(Ja'nuA

a'nu

lt ,y it is in his (its) nature that he (it) tends to it is his business to


. .
.

.,

. .

I-

in this matter he fares just as


.,

jl <jL ja

^^J

it is

not his affair or business


.

the

he

is,

in

this
.
.

respect,
.;

in tbe
IJU

to
it

. ;

it is

inappropriate for him to


.
.

same
a

Situation

as the

<jU

does not tend to


.

.,

is

not conducive

J*-j

man whose Situation is thifl, man wbo can be described as a man in this Situation; liilli Sa'naka or
(Sa'nuh) a
.

to

.;

UU

J-jJt

IA#J

l (rajuli) there is
this is

man
!

to keep an eye on,


is s.th.

an
this

.,

important man; there

about

dllif
self!

l-l

ania wa-Sa'naka please yourlike! Xi_J


l*j liii'Li

man

j_J-J

<iU-

41

(fyalqihi)

God has
in

do as you

(Sa'naka)

created

all

kinds of things (meaning:

do

as

you

please! just as

you wish!

Jo

strnge
world!)

things

can

happen

this

jLij (da'n) let

me

alone! <uUj <" tora;

JraA wa-fa'nah to let s.o. alone


s.o.

to let
s.o.;

j^Uill (Fr. chantage) Santl

blackmail
iji Li (ballf)

go; not to

pay any attention to

uli

j jh he

is

concemed with a matter


l*

U Sah shah; king


chestnut tree
(chess)

(chess)

<jU

to* that's bis affair; iluti

what's

(60t.);

ol< U checkmate

the matter with you T wbat


lij liiili

do you want T U what have you got to do


is

jlLi Shnl the shah's, pertaining to the shah;


imperial
|

with this ? wbat business of yours


j-Vjj *iU
l*

this ?

*-J^^i

J L>'

decree

(amra) what has he got to do

of tbe Sultan (in

Ottoman

times)

with the matter? iiUi


I

j Jti

L*

what have ^li


ASIrt
pl. j>*]^1

got to do with thatT wbat business of


is

JatmAin 1 shahin, an

mine

tbatt

j aU U

^1

(ayyu

Indian falcon (zwl.)

451

(jU) li Ja*d

u (jU

ATu>) to overtake in

L-i Sabba

(=

Sabba)

young woman,

girl

running, outraoe
jli

( s.o.)

*J> Sabba
._->-i

alum

&*w

highest point, sumrnit, peak;


jtijl
|

Jotai fully grown (ateer)


;

goal, objeot

4_*j

far-aiming, far-

aspiring;

veuy

ambitious;

yti iL
s.o.

^ Li laidfc youth, youthfulness


young men,
L^Lill rejuvenation

youths,
|

(sa'unAu) to get as far in s.th. aa


eise,

adolescents, juveniles

JjJjf

match

s.o.

in s.th.;

i.Uu IjU iL

jj\

(rvqiy)

to undergo tremendous

jLi

Sabdbi youthful, juvenile


(of a war)

progresa; XjJl jlill iL to oarry off the


prize, hit the bull's

Vji Subb outbreak


<iLi

eye

io&M&a reed

flute

*y jU Swurma, Swirma (alsoiy^) charooalbroiled mutton, out in thin slioes

and

^_;-*

Sablba youth, youthfulness; 4~u-i


(coli.)

ar-

ranged oonioally on a vertioal akewer

the youth

VU
^jli SvmS
keeper
^ijli- SdwiS a military rank, approx.: Btaff
(tun.) pl. ^ilj-i SutotoS sergeant;

AXW

pl.

oU

Svbbn,

^Li aM6

Loi Sababa youthful, juvenile, young; youth, young ili 366a


Sab'ib*

man
It366 , , <_-JLi

offlce boy,

handy man; doorman,

gatepl. -t t ^^j-i

young woman,

girl

sergeant

(Eg.)

jyjLt J-Sj a military

*-j>J~ maSbb lighted, kindled, ignited,

fiaming, burning; beautiful


Ci;* Afrttt dill
1

rank, approx.: sergeant (Eg.)


^Li Sy tea

(nethum graveolens;
(Sabat)

&o(.)

_*! Sabba

(^iJ- Sabb, i^-i iaiiba) to

i-ti iobito

and V to

oling, cleave,
o.a.,

beoome
adolesoe,

youth

or

young man, to

hold fast, hang on, attaoh


(

adhere

grow up;

tu (vLi

Sibb,

to)

vir* Sabib) to raise the forelegs as if about to jump; to rear; to prance (horse)

t^v-

o&a

pl. jLii-i

Jibtdn spider

J-i_U

toJatoui

tenacity;

attachment,

(v^r* tvbb) to burn, blaze (fire); to u (Sabb, Subb) break out (fire, war);
i

adherenoe, fidelity; stubbomness, obsti-

nacy
J^ll mutaSabb tenacious; attached,

to light, kindle (fire)


(nlrn al-harb)

i-^l

lj*J

ti+<_-~

war broke out; j*


still

JjUI (/auf) to be over the

initial atagee,

adherent; stubborn, obstinate


f u,;
-

with neg.

to be

in its infancy II to
(lf)

jftitt dill

(Anethum graveolens;
pl. j-j-i

6of.)

rhapsodize about a beloved vornan

and one's

relationship to her, oelebrate


flirt (lf

*_i a6ah, Aiifc blurred ,

Ju6A, j-Lil aibdA

her in verse; to

with a woman)

indiatinot

shape

apparition

V
(

to rhapsodize about a beloved

woman
1

phantom; ghost,
mare;
figure,

speoter, spirit; night

Lf )

and one's relationship to her, celebrate


blaze

person

her in verse; to oompose love sonnets; to

take

fire,

up
-Li

JJ> Sahara u * (Sabr) to measure (* s.th.) with the span of the hand II do.; to
gesticulate,

_*i

Sabb

(=

Sdbb) youth,

young

make

gestures, to gesture

man
<_~1

j Sibr pl.
Sabb alom
\jjtj \jJ>

jLil aSbr span of the hand


|

(fa-Stbran)

inch by inch; jJ>

sr

452

*-t Sab" sufficienoy, satiety, satiation,


f-lj-b

Uljjj jwj Ijw


s.o.

(goftu&iA)

to Im-

Saturation, repletion, fullneea


*-t Sib\ Sita* s.th. that
fllls

itate

or s.th. religiously; to follow or satisfies

B.th. literally

the appetite,

All

^jt-i

iabbr

pl. -dt,

jul~* ioMtor1 trumpet


fog, mist

*-t iaba Saturation {ehem.)


**-! htb'a

"yj--

J-i&frra

and yjiU M&flro

(ejj.)

fill

J>i

ia/maj'a to tear to pieces, to shred (*

U-i

iah"an*,

f.

(J

r;

4a6*d,

pl. jfrU-'

s.th.)

ioWd, ^Li JMT


rioh

sated,

satisfied,

lull;

l*>i Sabraqa pocket

money
f-Lil

tfW

satiation, Saturation, reple-

^ijj JiW

pl.

^iLi ia&dfift spper

tion, Alling; satisfaotion, gratifioation

*iui Jofrofa to cling, cleave, hold on (j to)

gl* muSabba*, muSba1


urated
(_>

satiated,
(_

sat-

iLt JuMf<> February


Jord.)

with)
|

replete, filled

with),

(Syr.,

Jr.,

Leb.,
fll
(

of)

electrically

*\>J&\i $1* {kahrat) charged

l^i Jototy

(syr.) large fish

found in the
1

Euphrates and Tigrir rivers

jri

fabiqa

{Sabaq) to

be lewd, leoherous,

lustful

Jo&t'a a

(iaA' t

flfta

to satiefy one's

J-i 0609 lewdness, lechery, lioentiousness, last

appetite (j* or * with s.th.), eat one's


fill

(,>.

or * of B.th.); to be or beoome

sated, eatisfied in one's appetite; to


fll (j*

be

J_i

ag

lewd,

leoherous,

lustful,

or * of); to be or beoome fed up,

licentious

surfeited (j* with), be or

beoome aiok
of)
*, s.o., s.th.

and

tired (,> of).

have enough (j*


(_

jt-i jufrug ohibouk


1
4

II to eate, satiate, 11

iLi kkbaka

% (Sabh)

to interjoin, intertwine,

with); to satisfy, gratify (* the appetite,


one's
deaires,
s.th.,

interlaoe, interweave, entangle (* s.th.);

the
_

aensee);

to

load,

to fasten,
or

tighten,

attaoh

(*

s.th.,

<_

Charge (*
ste,

with eleotricity) IT to
(<_

J to)

II to interjoin, intertwine, inter-

satiate,

fill

s.o.

with);

to

laoe,

interweave,

entangle,

complicata
to be interinter-

satisfy

gratify

(*

the

appetite,

the

(ju or * s.th.): to orochet


joined,

senses); to saturate (* s.th., e.g., with

intertwined,

interlaced,

a dye); to load, oharge (*


eleotrioity) ; to

s.th.,

<_>

with

woven, entangled;
oomplioated,

to

be

or

beoome
con-

go in

(* for s.th.) thor-

involved,

intrioate,

oughly; {gram.) to lengthen (* a vowel)

fused VI to be intertwined, interlaced,

by

writing

it

plene; pass. uibi'a to be


with, of)
|

interwoven,

entangled;

to

be

inter-

replete, fll

(v

<j fS&l ^i\

meehed, be interwoven

like

a net VIII to
interlaced,

(kalma) to speak in great detail, at


great

be

or beoome

interjoined,

length
s.th.

about

s.th.,

deaoribe

or

interwoven, net-like,
intertwined
(hands) ;
snarled ;

retioulate;

to be

ezplain
(farban)

elaborately ;
s.o.

\j^

**J.\

(branohes),

be interlooked
involved,

to give

a sound beating
(<->

to to

be or beoome entangled,
get entangled,

to be sated, saturated

with) ; to be

fllled

(v

with), be fll
(_

v of); to be load-

ensnared, embroed, implioated, mixed

ed or charged

with, d.)

up ( J

in)

to

come to blows or to

grips

453

(^ or

**

with

s.o.);

to be or become
intricate,

complicated,

involved,

con-

J-i IV to take care (J* of s.o.), look (J after s.o.), take s.o. (J*) in hand J-i *W
,>!
pl.

fused (matter); to join, unite, oombine,


coalesce, merge, fuse
(eyes, glances)
|

JLil oIkK lion oub


pl.

(*->

with); to meet

i^-u-

j dLUl

to be drawn
in

JaMn, &6in

^Li

Ja&ytn 1 godfather,

into a conversation,

become engrossed

Sponsor
(CAr.)

(CAr.);

best man,

groomsman

a discussion;

^jin a
pl.

J diX^
war

(harb)

to

become involved
i5Li

i-*-i Sablna, Sibina pl. -dt

godmother,

Sabaka

iLi

Sabah,

iJLi

Sponsor (Chr.); bridesmaid (Chr.)


ji-ll

A6&, ^Sjr1 tobtt net; netting, net-

work; anare;
(raiio)
{

iSbin

pl.

Oolil

a&S6in 8

god-

(pl. 3L-i

JiWJfc)

grid

father, Sponsor {Chr.); best

man, grooms-

4&U

iSLi barbed-wire entangle;

man

(Chr.)

ment, concertina
radio network

^UV *5Li (l-silkiya)


ii-*-2l

&tna godmother, Sponsor

(CAr.);

bridesmaid (CAr.)

jLi

fa&aifct

reticulate, reticular, netted,

net-like; retinal; of

framework

a-Z II to

make equal or similar (u


eise);
{<-j

01 * a s.th.
s.th.

to
*-~i SabaJdya retina (anat.)

B.tb.

to

compare (^ *
dubious,

with), liken
iJLi u6fc pl.

a s.th. to); pass. htbbiha

dl^Li

Ja&S&ifc* netting,

to

be

doubtful,

uncertain,

network; plaitwork;
wioket (poat
(j^JI
i.

grid, grill;

window;
|

obscure
{*,

(J* to
to
(*,

s.o.)

III

to

resemble

office,

box

offlce, eto.)

iJLi

s.o., s.th.),
(*,

bear a resemblance, be
s.o.,
),

ah'ari show window, Bhowcaee,

similar
s.o.

to s.th.), be like

glass case

or s.th.
(

look (exactly) like


Ly

iLi. wiai
m.
<zZ-u>ara<7

pl. <iLl

ma$3bi& hook;
|

s.o.

illi

43

Li

and

the

like

clasp.pin; hairpin,

bobby pin
olip

Jj^ll

iLi*

IV to resemble
resemblance, be

(*, s.o., s.th.),

bear a
to
s.o.,
);

paper

similar
s.o.

(,

to s.th.), be like

or s.th.
|

(*,

to

^LLJ

ta&buk

oonfusion,

intricacy,

look (exactly) like

s.o. ()

dJli <J.\

Lj

obscurity, abstruseness
iJLlil

and the
to

like

V to compare
copy

o.s. (-

with);

iStibk

entanglement, involve;

imitate,

(_ s.o., s.th.)

VI to

ment (jin); complication hand-to-hand


fight,
Bcuffie,
|

resemble one another, be Bimilar to one


another; to be equal to one another,

melee

(** with), clash


f

(^

with)

Jliill

fJLliVI

(-** (

adam

aZ-tft.)

be identical; to be ambiguous, unclear


VIII to resemble one another, be similar to

nonintervention in battle
tii-L.

muiabbak
(pl.
-

plaited,

resembling
(or

one another; to be in doubt (J about),

plaitwork ;

dt)

window

door)

doubt (j

s.th.);

to suspect

(#^.1

or

adomed with

plaited latticework

s.o., s.th.);

to be doubtful, dubious,
j

muitabih

entangled,

involved,

obscure (J to s.o.) ^V' J *^M the matter appeared doubtful to tum


<J.

complicated, intricate
iibh
pl.

Lll

aSbh resemblance,

tiLll

mn&tabak plaitwork; thicket (of

similarity ,

likeness ;

image,
-like,

picture
quasi-,

branches)
'.iL-

analogue; similar, (a)like;


semi- (with
jaziratin
foll.

hibuk chibouk

genit.)

v.J*<J>
i.

<^ Sibhu
S.

peninsula;

J_^-

harbi

*<iLj^ look

up alphabetically

semi-military; Ji^^iLl *-!

al-munharif

trapezoid

(geom.) ;

*-i
(J

S.

raami
*~Z

scurity, ioscrutability; doubt, misgiving,

semi-official,
i. az-zitt

officious
Vjl

(dipl);
*-i

JUI

suspicion
r

penumbra;

subcontinent;

* 1

maibuh

suspicious,

suspect

j**ll 4_1 i.
4* Uli
T (

al-mu'ayyan rhomboid {geom.);


likes of

dubious, doubtful; notorious; a suspeot

atAuA the

bim, hi kind; *ALa muibih similar

r *j

and the
;

likes of

them, and their sort

(of people)
all

*-\J i)> 4-5

('uzlotin

tmma)

olflii. mutabiht obscure, not clearly intelligible passages in the


_i

but completely isolated, as good as

Koran
*j\

completely isolated
4~i

aSI*

(mu&tabah)

or

<li*

&j&aA

pl. Li'

<wf&A resemblance,
;

(amrt'M) suBpicious, suspect; a suspect;


<^i 4_i

similarity,

likeness

image,

picture;

<1L* suspeoted of

s.th.

4*u*

j <2~*

analogue; similar, (a)like; brasa


i^-i

(panihi) of doubtful

make
Li j- Ji {faUa) to

Subha

pl.

*^U-i htbht, Subaht,


vagueneas,
uncer-

Li faban

tip, point
s.o.
pl.

Subuht
tainty;

obscurity,

weaken

doubt; suspicion; specious arBophism;


judicial

Li Sabdh
sting, priok

j^i iabawt

tip,

point;

gument,

error

(Isl.

Law)

0L4-IH

jji

daw

i-Subuht or

0L4-IJI <-l**l dubious penionB, people of


ill

C-i &tta

(fatt,

oLi
i

sofft,

cJLi

ialit)

rcpute;

<#_ill

<l~^ suspicious, suspect

to be soattered, be dispersed, be dis-

solved;
jlf-5 iabahn brasa
4_i-i

iatta
(-*

to scatter, disperse,
etc.,

break up
(-j

a crowd,

* s.th.)

Ja6iA pl. Li iibh similar


|

to),

-aIt

iJ-

(SamJahum)

to

disperse

or
dis-

like,

resembling (^ s.o., s.th .)

Ji^Hj #_*i

break up the gathering of people,


break up (,* a crowd,

(munfcart/) trapezoid (peom.); ,yjllj

solve their unity II to disperse, scatter,


eto.,

(rosmi) semi-offlcial, offloious (dipl); v-i


0**11;
4_il

* s.th.) c_S IV

C-Ii

(mu'oyyan) rhomboid (peom.)


aJ6oA J more similar, more resem|

^p

(AamioAum)

= ^J-

II

V to be
bling, raore like

soattered, be dispersed, be dis-

solved, scatter, disperse, break

up

^ 4-1

'

_>*

ne resembles
is

. .

more than anything eise, he


4jLL4_j-U

C-i SaU
just like.
..

pl.

oLit

ajftl

dispersed, seppl.

arate^), scattered, dissolved;

oUil

maSbih* similaritics, related traits

manifold, variegated, diverse; soattered

to&A
parable ;

comparison
ascription

allegory,

fragments, single pieces, seotions (j* of)

simile,

of

human

wLi
cJU

SaUU

dispersed,

separate(d),

characteristicB to

God, anthropomorphi-

scattered, dissolved
Satit
pl.

zation (of God, tkeol.)


<f.Ll-

Ji

Jottd"

dispersed,
pl.

muibaha

pl.

-t

resemblanoe,

separate(d),

soattered,

dissolved;

imilarity, likeness

Ji

diverse,

sundry, various, different,


|

manifold,

miscellaneous, all kinds of

<JJ taiabbuh imitation (^ of)


*j\lS

LfL
the

taibuh resemblance, similarity,

Ji what a difference between two of them how different they are


!

likeness ; vagueneas, haziness, indistinctness, obscurity

jLi
j

Sattna: L4I0 jLi, L+iu

jLS,

jo jUi
. .

what
I

a difference bedifferent they

Ll

tibh resemblanoe, similarity,

tween
are!

and ...

how

likeness; dubiouBneas, doubtfulness, ob-

455

-,7 --"

taStit

dispersion,

acattering,

Ji
~i,

Satta pl. of

cJJ(Sajj)

Saiit (see cJ-)

dissolution;

disruption, Splitting, splinSajja

to break,

split, cleave,

tering
fracture, bash in (a s.th., esp. the skull)
1

Jj- Satara

to cut

off,

tear

off, rip off (*

'<

Sajja pl.

r^

fydj he&d

wound

s.th.); to tear (up) (* B.th.)

which Iays open the


acid
l^j?

skull; skull fracture

olJw

Sitrt citrate, aalt

of

oitrio

Sajaba

(Sajb)

and

II

to

doom to
( s.o.);

Jii Satala

to plant, transplant (* a plant)


pl. J>ii
Suiiil,

destruction, to ruin, destroy

to
(

condemn
Uli
Saila

morally,

criticize

sharply

JJLlS Sat'iP

s.th.)

IV to

fftet, grieve { s.o.)

seedling, set, transplant


Lof" Sajb destruction, routing, crushing

Jil* mooi

pl. JJll* moliStiP

(plant)

nuraery, arboretum
.Li

<-*&

Sajab sorrow,

grief,

worry;

dis-

tress, affction

Satama
revile,

(Autor)

and
(

III to

abuse,

vilify,

scold

s.o.)

VI to vify

u^lf Sijb

pl. l^j?

Sujub clothes hook

(attached to the wall)

one

another, abuse one another, heap

curses

upon one another

>-**

miSjab

pl.

^- Li*

maSjib*

clothes hook, clothee raok

11 Satm abuse, vilification


(.lii

Sattm one

who

indulges in fre-

jje

Sajara

{Sajr)

to happen, oeeur; to
III to quarrel,
s.o.)

quent abuse or

vilification;

impudent,

break out, develop (unrest)


argue, dispute

insolent, impertinent, abueive

or

with

VI to

quarrel, fight, dispute (with one another);

-ii

Satim

abused,

reviled,

vilified,,

to quarrel, argue, fight


j*ill
<Jtjjl~\

with) VIII do.

insulted al-hurf aS-Sajriya the


4+JJ.

Sattma

pl.

fbi

Sota* im 9

abuse,

sounds
jje:

/, S,

(phon.)

vilification, vituperation, insult

Sajar (coli.; n.

un.

!)

pl.

jL^I

Icli muStama ation

vilification,

vituperaSjr trees; shrubs, bushes


Ijje

Sajara pl. -t tree; shrub, bush

(jiZ)

bJ Sota u
{*->

(Satw) to pass the winter,


!

_,. ..;) I

ly?

S.

an-nasab genealogical tree

to winter
II

at a place); to hibemate

=
lii

I;

to rain

to pass the winter, to

_
jj

Sajir

woody, wooded, abounding

winter, hibernate
Sita*

(^

at a place)
aStiya,
JLi

in trees

pl.

*-Lil

Sutly

Sajir pl.

*\j&

Sujar' 3

bad com-

winter; rains, rainy season

panion, bad

Company

&yj- Satwi, Satawi wintery, hibernal,


winter
Z
I

bush jjf Sujaira pl. -t shrub,


jLf
1

(adj.)

Sijr

(wooden) bar, bolt


f.

maiian

pl.

oLi* maStin winter

j\

aSjar2 ,

*[^

Sajr**

woody,

residence, winter quarters ; winter resort

wooded, abounding in

trees

oli ^+

Satin wintery, hibernal

j**JS taSjir afforestation


j Ijc
1

muSattan winter residence, winter

Sijr

fight,

quarrel ;

dispute,

quarters; winter resort

argument; see also above

45

S^-li. mu&jara fight, quarrel; dispute,

{y* and j*) Lf


l

Jaj'd

(_jjf

fa/w)

to

argument

worry, trouble, grieve, sadden, distress,


fill

j&i- muSajjar figured with designs of


plante, branched (cloth) jtyLt

with anxiety
Sajan)

( s.o.);

Sajiya a

(\Jf

to be or

become worried,
move, touch, grip

troubled, grieved, sad, distressed, anx-

muSjir

aboundmg

in

trees,

ious,

apprehensive

II to

wooded
i/f"

s.o.)

IV to grieve, worry, trouble,


fill

Sajarn shagreen (leather)

sadden,

with anxiety
f.

( s.o.)

Ji: Saju'a

u {**[
valiant,

Saj'a) to

be courageous,
to encourage,

w Ja/m,
j^
iajw

worried, troubled, *-jf Sajiya

brave,

bold

grieved, sad, anxioua, apprehensive


grief,

II

embolden, hearten

(J*

b.o.

to);

to

worry, distress, anxiety,

favor, support, back, promote,


(, s.o., s.th.)

further

apprehension, Badness; fear; affectedness,

V to take
o.a.

heart, pluck

up

emotion; wailing, piain tive, moving strain


(of

courage; to show

courageous; to be

a tune, of a song, of an instrument)

enoouraged

iSj* Sajawi worried, troubled, grieved,


f\J? Suj', Hja* pl. **
1

Saja'a, jUtf"

distressed, sad

fufn courageous, brave,


hero; fLJJI

valiant, bold;

Hydra
pl.

U? and
throat

(oatron.)

Sajan foreign body in the


inhibits

wbich

breathing;

\Jf

gf
&ij<

inj?

m.
f.

Suja''*,

affectedness,

emotion, being moved, a

lJt Sufn,

pl.

g\J!

Saj'V,

touching, pathetic

mood;

also

= je

iajw

courageous, brave, valiant, bold,

audacious
pUs*

^
-JL.

Sajiy worried, troubled, grieved,

distressed,

sad; anxious,

apprehensive,

Sajaa courage, bravery, valor,

fearful; gripping, heart-rending, touching,

valiance, boldness, audacity


-jf
I

moving (vocal

part, muaic)

aija'*,

f.

lief

Saf** courageous,

muiajiin moving, touching, grip-

brave, valiant, bold, audacious


-jf
I

ping, pathetic

aSja', ifja* pl. ^p-Lil


first)

oft;? 1 (proxfinger

imal or
rri*"
ening,

phalanx of the

~J Sahha (Ist. pers. perf. Sahahiu) u t (Svhh) to be or become stingy, tight-fisted,


heartavaricious, miserly, niggardly; to stint,

taSjf

encouragement,
(

animation

to)

favoring,

eoonomize

furtherance, promotion,
*#>!-*

advancement

(J*>
s.o.);

or

->

with or in

s.th.,

J* toward
(J*>

to be oovetouB, greedy

muSajji' encourager; promoter,

or

t->

for);

to become

short, run

supporter, advocate, proponent


distressed, jjf Sajina a to be sad, grieved, Itajana worried; to ooo (pigeon);
1

out, decrease, dwindle III to stint,

be
(->

niggardly, be sparing;

to withhold

from

s.o.,

J*

s.th.)

(fajn,

distress,

j* &ujn) to sadden, worry ( s. o.) II and IT = Sajana


grieve,
pl.

Suhh
liness;

stinginess, avarice,

niggardscarcity,

greed,

oovetousness ;

*/

Sajan

y% ivjn, L*
apprehenaion;
(pl.

pauoity, sparsity; ebb


I

aSjn

worry,

anxiety,

sorrow,

^Jr faAlA p l. [ c
.1*1

Sihfy* ~** {
f.

o^Ao.
Sahtih*
miserly,

grief, distress,

sadness;

htjn) twig,
drifta

a&hhtf;

pl.

lr

brauch | oy* i^-d-t oonversation from one topio to aoother

stingy,

tight-fisted,

niggardly,

avaricious (J* or

with, J* toward):

457

short,

scarce,

meager, sparse
|

greedy,

J^ Sahata a
;

(Sahf) to

be far away, distant,


;

covetous (J* for) mJ^\ |IV' (ayym) the rainlesa daya, the dry seaaon
-li.

remote to strike

(*

a match) to Btrand, be

stranded, run aground (ship); to ground

mu&hha:
ia

JJUl

*-Li-

MA/uita) that

incontestable ; -LL.

jl it ia incontestable that

V (mu V
in-

on a sandbank

II

to Strand, be stranded,
;

run aground (Bhip) to ground on a Sand-

indisput-

bank; to Strand

(*

a ship)
braid (on a

ably

4*- iL.

Vj

inoontestably,

iU^ Sahfa
1

pl. -t stripe,

disputably
(.-^

uniform)
(-"j-*"

Sahaba u a

JuA), Sahvba

<Ll>
lucifer

Sahhfa

pl.

-St

(syr.)

match,

(*ij Suhba) and paaa. Suhib to be or beoome pale, wan, sallow, emaciated,
lean, haggard; to look
ill,

L^

Suhhaifa (syr.) matoh, lucifer

Bickly
l**-\ Xhif far

(away), distant, remote,

^ijJf fuhtib paleness, pallor, wanneae,

outlying, out-of-the-way; stranded

saownesa, emaciation

*
o-^
Shib pl.
i~*-\jt>

Sahurna

(i>\* Sahma) to

be or become

fawhib* pale,
fat II to grease, lubrioate (* s.th.)

wan, sallow; emaciated,


dim, pale

lean, haggard;

(e.g., light); dull,

faded

(color);

**

Sahm

pl.

aj

hthm,

oly^
(of

wan

(smile)

Suhmt
XJr) to beg, ask for
pl. *

fat, suet, grease;

axle grease,

lubricant; tallow,

sebum; lard; pulp

C~ Sahata (

alms
Ol**

fruit)

&\*
,juJI S.

Sahht

beggar

**f
(see

Sahma
|

(n. un.)

a pieoe of fat, eto.


S.

al-'ain

aty (med.)
(Sahd)

**)

jVI ***
S.

al-v4n earlobo;

jj?

Sahada

to

whet,

sharpen,

^#jV* ***"
S.

al-ard truffle;

^Jl

~<lJ:

practica, train, strengthen (* s.th., also,


o.g.,

al-'ain eyeball

the intelleot, one'B forcee); to hone,

j* Sahmi
Sahim

fatty, sebaoeous, stearic

etrop (> a knife); to beg, ask for alms


*>s*
(.

pulpy,

mushy,

pappy

s.o.)

(fruit)

i\Jr

Sahhd
S.

(importunate)

beggar

,>JI il^"

al-'ain sty (med.)

^
O

Sahlm
<**-L.

fat, fatty
pl. **-LL.

mtiAama

moidAtm'

Sl^ Sihda beggary

grease box (of a wheel)

wl*
j

mifha4,

;Jui*

mtiha4a whet-*iJLS

stoae, hone
II to soot,
s.th.)
l**-ij

toJAim

lubrication,
|

greasing,

oing (of a machine)

_*wiDI jj*j lubri-

besmut, blacken with soot (*

cating

oils,

lubricants
fatness, obesity

tolaAAum

jL^ Suhhr soot


jMbl* maihar eharcoal kn, pile

**-i> muoA/tam fat, fatty, greasy *>~L

muiTiim pulpy, mushy, pappy

iSjt-J^

maihaH
pl.

oharcoal burner

(fruit)

Jjj* Suhrwr
blaokbird
j*Jl

jjJ:

Sahrlr* thruah,

jJ: Sahana a (Sahn)

to

fill

up

(xool.)

* s.th.

with); to load, freight (- a a ship with);


to ahip, freight, oonsign (* gooda); to

muiahhar sooty

*"
jji* Saktr,

load, oharge

(<_>

* a.th.

with,

ei.);

to

hj^

pl*

jV*

Saktir* large,

drive away,

chase away, repel


(

( s.o.)

flat-bottomed (wooden) brge ; punt

to hate

s.o.);

to quarrel, argue,
fill

fight {. with s.o.)


s.th. with); to

IV to

up (v
(._>

J*

Sahara

(jJ* Sahir) to snore; to snort;

to neigh,

whinny to bray (donkey)


;

load,

freight

* s.th.
jJL^" SakSaka to rattle, clatter,

with) VI to hate one another; to quarre!,

dank

have a feud

^JLjir

(eg.)
;

Sukfiha

pl.

il* SaUHh*

j
j^UI

Sahn loading, freighting; shipment,


|

rattle (toy)

toy, plaything ; Skylight

freightage; cargo, lading, load, freight

.wJji bilsat aS-S. bill of lading;


S.

u*

Sahara a

{^j*

fai&fi) to rise,
rise,

tower

jL- sayydrat
pl.

truck, lorry

up; to beoome high, lofty; to


(star);

asoend

to appear (J to

b.o.);

to stare,

<J: Sahna

Sahant cargo, lading,


(ei.)

gaze

(Jl at,

of the eye), be fiied (Jl on,

load, freight; oharge

of the glance); to be glazed (eyea of a

<.* Sihna

police, police force

dying
depart
travel,

person);
(Jl

to
see

start
s.o.,

out,

leave,
place),

pb*
enmity

to

for

Sahn'*

grudge, rancor, hatred,

journey

(Jl to s.o.,

to a place);

to pass ( Jl * from one State or oondition


*^- Li*

muShana

pl.

-t

grudge,
feud,

into another)

ranoor, hatred, enmity;

quarrel,

yu
glance
stare,

lJ

m^*
fix

(baparah) or
eyes, one's
s.o.),

to

one'a

oontroversy
j*-Li

(Jl on),

look fixedly (Jl at


at)
II

Shin
|

loaded,

laden, freighted
'

gaze

(Jl

to represent as

(esp. ship)

<fj^ *-^

al-markam

a person

or

individual,

personify

battery charger

s.th.); to apecify (* s.th.), identify (*,


b.o., s.th.);

o-U
jm^L*
(esp.

to act, play (* a part, of the


(actor)
|

Shina

pl.

-t

truck,

lorry;

aotor); to perform

Li^

baggage car

(maratfan) to diagnose a disease

IV to

^
V to
to

maShn

loaded, laden, freighted


(eZ.);

send

off,

send out, dispatoh

( b.o.)

ship);

charged

pl.

CjU>*t*

appear, be revealed,
s.o.)

ahow

o.b.

(J

oargo, lading, load, freight

jj# Sahwara

to soot, beamut, blacken with

^
iS

Sahf

pl.

^1^1

aihf,

^j*

soot (* s.th.)

&uk# individual, person; figure; oharaoter (of a play) ; someone,

somebody

jj Sahwar blackbird
j\j*t

(200I.)

Safoi personal, private, of one'a


|

Suhwr soot, smut


(Sohle) to nrinate, piss,

own; U** Sahfiyan personally

Oji\i

iJ>

Sakka u water
iJ.

make

't-'fl t}\j*- s}\

((Uij

or) personal Statute


-St

'*~*#

Sahfiiya

pl.

individuality,
;

Sahk urine, piss


urine, piss

personality (also

= personage)

distinctive

way
r\ Sakk
il*i*jL*

of

life,

pecoliarity, distinctive char-

acter, personal
<> jti*l

stamp; identity
person

******
;

miShaha publio lavatory


(Sahb) to flow, stream, run,

(i'tibriya) legal

(jitr.)

J-i*

~& Sahaba u a

rrMm^i\ identification

of a person; oL$-i
t.

II

pour forth, guah forth


card;
U-J* Sahbafa to scribble, serawl (in writing)
1

jJui Sahdat

aS-S.

identity
t.

ig-^llt

j-S* Ai galam

ai-S.

bureau of identification

j
;

469

JL*>
^fM^JS

Sajtfti

(oomic) actor, comedian


personification;

muoh
jl

very often

.;

very much,

taijfif

ezaot

ezoeedingly, vehemently, violently; LxiJ


lijjy* tT tremendous
. .

designation, speclcation; identifioatlon;

was our joy


back np
xi
to

diagnosis; aoting, perfarmanoe (on stage),


play(ing) (of

when
s.o.;

.;

jjl

xl (ozraA) or yjl j* xS

an

to help, support, enoourage,


aotor)
jjl

xi (azruAfl)
oourageous;

to be energetie,

iS

Mj->

taljflsi

diagnostic

iS

mJ-^3 j-U

vigorous,

A*J\

diagnostioian

tighten the reins, master the Situation;


fixed,

^^U
ij+i*!*

Sfcifi

glazed (glance);

*c jj*

xi to strengthen
.ui*

s.o. 's

deter-

pole, stake {eg.)

mination;
rep-

xi

('adudah)

to

strengthen, support, bolster, assist s.o.;

muSafpif aotor, player;

resentative
pl. -t

oU-lj J* xi (he saddled his female riding oamel =) he started out on the journey;
JU-jJI

aotress,

xi to start
4JIjj

out,

depart,

leave

player; personality
ol.**'. mu&a%fcitfU qualities or factors

(Jl for);

xi (uxtiqah) to shackle,

fetter b.o.;

J* x Xi (yadoA) to adhere,
hands
*jX J* xi (yaiaiAt) to II to strengthen,

eling

to

s.th.;

lending

s.th.

its

distinotive charaeter,

clasp
peculiarities, oharaoteristios

s.o.'s

intensify (* s.th.),

make

(* s.th.) strong,

.W" ktkafa
at
JUtf
s.o.)

(eg.)

to shout, bark, bellow

hard, harsh, severe; (gram.) to intensify,

double, geminate ( * a consonant); to ezert to jingla, tinkle; to clatter,


;

Saskia
(

(tg.)

rattle

v with)

to coquet,
(ep.)

pressure (J* on), press (J* upon); to be hard, strict, stern (j J* toward s.o.
in); to
Jl

flirt

impress
ix-

(i->

J upon
to

s.o. s.th.)
|

J'^ &$RZa
kling

jingle, jangle, tin-

(falabihi)

demand
*ix

s.th.

emphatically or inezorably;
(tuddida)

je

^ iXi
(

he was strengthened in his

x- Sadda i (xi

lWa) to be or become

determination

ni

to

argue,

have an
with

firm, fast, solid, hard, strong, vigorous,

robust, vehement, violent, intense;

argument, an ezchange of words


s.o.)

Sadda u

(Sadd) to

make
(*,

to be hard, harsh, strict, severe,

firm,

hard,
stern

strong, solidify, harden, braoe (* a.th.),

(J* toward); to be

or

beeome

violent,

strengthen,
to
tighten,

vehement, intense, strong; to


harsh, hard, inezorable,

fortify

s.o.,

s.th.)

pull

taut,

draw

show
tight

o.b. stern,

(* s.th.,

e.g.,

the bow); to fasten,

be
tie,

relentless,

remain unmoved, unre-

bind

(Jl

s.th. on);

or J* * s.th. on, to), lash (J* * to saddle (J* an animal); to

lenting VI to argue with one another

Till to be or

beeome hard, harsh,

rig-

put emphasis (*JS* J* 'al kalimatin on a word), emphaaize, Btress {"<+&' J* a


word); to
coat);
pull,

orous, intense, forceful, severe, strong,

vehement, violent, passionate; to be-

drag {^.

s.o.

by the

come harder, harsher, more


more
intense,

rigorous,

to charge, launeh an attack (J* against, on), assault, attack (J* s.o.,
s.th.);
s.th.),
(

more

forceful,

severer,
violent,

stronger,

more vehement, more

(J* s.th. or upon eiert pressure (J* on); to insist


to
preea
s.th.)
|

more passionate; to
grow;
critical ;

intensify, increase,

to to

become beeome

aggravated, tormenting,

more
ex-

j on

Lxi

Sadda-mA and xiJ


fall,

(Ja-Au&a)

(with

verb)

how

cruciating,

distressing,

unbearable

(J*

460

for

s.o.),

take a turn for the worae


s.o.);

(pa^o&an)

more wrathful, angrier;


extremely,
Uli Jl

xil

(disease,
(tizne of

J* with

to be advanced
|

jj

exceedingly,

very

the day); to run, raoe, dash

muoh,

e.g.,

LlLJ jj U
'um)

Ail ***-jj

*4*.U 4iil (a&iduh)

to beoome streng,

(ruAuAum,

ta'a#uian,

they

are

vigorous

extremely eager for knowledge


JJ-I -
*.

xt Saddi

al-Zw tug of

Jil
#xll

aJuid phyBical maturity,


iL to attain
fll

virility
|

war
xi

maturity,

come of

&u&2a

(n.

vic.)

atrengthening,

legal age; to reaoh its

olimax
stays
atrength-

intenaification; streaB, emphaais; pulling,

XL*

madd

pl. -t corset,

dragging, tugging; tightneea, tautneas;


atresa, atrain;

-Ltl taSdid intenaification,

doubling sign over a conso|

ening ; (gram.) intensified pronunciation,


gemination, doubling (of a conaonant);

nant {gram.)
ai-la'b

w*U( 3jj Ai

i.

waraq

deok of carda

doubling sign over a oonaonant pressure


;

il

Hdda

Btrength, forcefulness, power,

(>on)
ili.

vehemenoe, violence, intensity, aeverity,


force,

mtiMdda exohange

of

words,

high degree;

(pl-

ill-Li

Sad'P)

aquabble, argument, quarrel, fight, controversy, oonfliot


jl-uJl

miafortune, calamity, misory, adversity,


distress,

hardahip, affliction, diacomfort


i&ttdd

aggravation,

intenaifi-

jUi

Jiadd

pl.

*-Lii

o&Ma

riding

cation, increase; deterioration


ajJJl*

saddle (of a oamel)


.-Li

maidd

tense, tight, taut


:

Jodid

pl.

-I-l

aiidd'*,

al-L

i-UL.

muiaddid

o-UL*

td&2 atrong, powerful, forceful,

vigor-

*-JjJ*

aggra-

vating circumstanoea
evil,

ous, Btern, severe, rigorous, hard, harah,


violent,

vehement intenae; bad,


diffioult

i-li*

mu&Kfciwf doubled{letter;pram.);

ominoua, oalamitous,
B.o.);

with

foll.

(J* for aubat. frequently oorree.g.,


|

emphatio, intenae; severe, stern


-j**it,

mviaiaddid

pl.

-n Btern zealot,

aponding to Engl, "very",

Ls*N JjXI

proponent of a stern viewpoint

very attentive, very careful


(orflf)

.bAi

,^1
fxi
Aidaju

aolid or flrm

ground; ^-Ul
stonthearted,
<. Jk

.b-Li i.

(!#) to break, shatter,


(* s.th.) II do.

aUba's courageouB,

bold,
-bxl

smaah, oruah

audacious, brave, valiant;

lU

jjli &J<Zir pl. jil^i

louAKr* tent; storehouse,

stubbom, obstinate, unbending, unyielding, relentless; U*UI J*Jtf * aUahja


atrongly worded, vehement in language,

warehouse, magaxine

Jipli Mda/
water

pl.

<Ju^ htvdif (eg.) shadoof,

sharp in tone; ity\ -k-^


.-li

X.

al-wafa oruel

counterpoised aweep for raising irrigation

iadida

pl.

oJUi

SadSid1 misadversity,

fartnne,

oalamity,

miaery,

diatreaa, hardship, affliotion, disoomfort xil

aiadd?

strenger,

more

intenae,
foll.

jxt T to announoe (y s.th.) in a boastfui, bragging, loud-mouthed manner, to vaunt (^ B.th.); toohatter.prattle ^^CJU joll
|

everer, harder,

wone
simple

{kalm) to enunciate overoarefully, speak


affectedly; to

naed with

indeterminate abatraot Bubstantivea aa

be agape

paraphraae

of

elativea

e.g-,

bl^

Jt\

(au&feft)

blaoker,

L-ii Ail

Ja- dq pl. lxil a&Zdg oorner of the mouth; jawbone 1 J-ii (.J-) J* dl>


461

fahika bi-m'i {mil'a) dqaihi to gria

Sli

SM

pl.

Jlxi

&tftft!tf,

ilp SavOffl
alone;

from ear to ear


jxll aidaq
1
,

isolated,
f.

separate(d),

detactied,

Uxi Sadq'* having a

irregulr,

abnormal, anomalous, unusual,

large mouth, largemouthed

extraordinary, exceptional, Singular, curious, queer, odd, peouliar, strnge, eo-

jxil.
boaster,

muta&addiq

pl.

-fln

braggart.

oentrio; nonoanoniool (Torsion); pl.

i]p

bigmouth
its

exceptions

J^U-^I JLi of deviant


.^Ul

(= in-

jxi Sadana u to be weaned, be on


feet (young animal)

own

ferior) oharacter;

ill $. af-tab'* iLl

f-LUI,

jJ^Wlfl
jli^/l

iLi eoeentrio, extravagant,

orazy;

jlxi

the

foreigners,

the

ujli l&ttn

pl.

Jjlp iowAiin'

gazelle

strangers

fawn
*xi JnuiaAa
s.o.)

O j)p
I

$aw44t

peouliarities,

idio-

a to confuse, perplex,

baffle (

synerasies

ji*

maidh

perplexed,

appalled,

vxl

Satfaba
;

(Ja{) to uut off, sever (*

s.th.)

to trim, elip, prune, lop {* hedges, to

haffled
trees);
(

adapt,

doctor,

modify

(*

jxl) Ixl
a.th.);

AuU u

(&uZu>) to sing; to

chant (*

s.th.) II do.

to acquire or have education, be-

oome or be educated
LjyJI j*
IjuJ

to

j in a field) Ixt know a little Arabio, have


(
|

j V

to be scattered, be dispersed;

to

seatter, disperse SjiJ

a smattering of Arabio jXi fadte song, chant


jLi

fo^ra
bit,

pl.

o^ahU,
piece;

jjXi

$u#r

particle,

tiny

fragment,

seotion

&Zn

pl.

j^Li
Ulli

Sdn educated,
linguistically)
|

trained

(e.g.,

jX. jXl \jj tafarraq Safara matfara,

oli
mufiic

J Zaa Sdiya

soiree

of vocal

H&am

mifiam they scattered in

all di-

reotions

Sjjli

idiiya songstrestt, singer


pl.

jxl kufco fragrance of


Ixt

muak

jlxi Sidyq
"

*ilx5 Sadyiqa subdeaoon

$a4an fragranoe, soent, aroma


Safily fragrant,

(CAr.)

^xl

aromatio

fo&a

(Saf, ijXX 5u4$4) to segregate,

ji. Sarra (Ist pers. perf. farirtu) a, (Ist pers.

separate, isolate o.s. (je from), be sep-

perf.

Sarurtu)
evil,

(farr,

Jtirra)

to be

arated, isolated

(je

from), be outside

bad,

wicked,

vicious,

malioious,

s.th. (je), elude (je s.th.); to be alone;

malignant

to be irregulr, deviate, stand out (J or j* from), be an exception ( J* or je


to); to

yi Sott
calamity,

pl.

jj^i Surr evil,

ill,

misohief
injusttoe;
vi-

be wanting, laoking; to deorease,

disaster;

iniquity,

d windle
xi

hrm, damage, injury; wiokedness,


oiouBness, malioe; vioe, sin;

(pL

jlj-Jl

hau

irregularity, deviation,

anom-

airdr) bad, evil, wioked, vicious, mali-

aly, exosption

(^ to)

ijii irregularity, deviation, anomaly,

exoeption (jp to); ouriosity, ecoentricity,


ecoentric charaotcr

ckma ; evildoer, oulprit ; kur (as elative) <ej* ji> *+J* (Sana worae, more evil tonmaltn) he brought utter defeat upon
|

them

; ,

462

(ji^-i

Sanum
rra

evil, vicious,

malioious

(o>

or

*
{*

a s.th.
s.o.

with);

to

inculoate,

;^J

evil,

ill,

miBchief; calamity,

imbue
or

witb); pass. uiriba to be


{* of s.th.),
(*

disaster; iniquity, in justice;

hrm* damviciousness,

beoome

fll

be

filled,

age,

in jury ;

wickedness,

imbued, infused

witb

s.th.),

be domii

malice; vice, sin; vivacity


fire

enthusiasm,

nated, permeated (*
^jti_

by

s.th.)

*tji\

of youth
Sarir pl. I^ll
aSirr' 1 bad, evil,

(yaSrab) to attribute s.th.

wrongly

to s.o.

V to Boak up,
to
o>
(*,

absorb, imbibe

jjZ

{*

s.th.);

be permeated, imbued,
with
s.th.);
(l->

wicked, vicious, malicious

infused
evil,

to be

fll

j j$
wicked,

Sirrir

very bad, very


vicious,

very

{<->

nf ), be

filled,

replete

with)

very

very malicious
{

i-j-i

Bcoundrel;
jji>

j j\ the Evil One


)

Surb drinking, drink; absorption


Sarba drink; sip, draugbt.Bwallow;

Satan)
\>ji.

Sarar (coli.; n. un.

sparkB

dose, potion (of a medicine); laxative,

jjj-1 Sarari spark (used attributively)

purgative, aperient
\iji.

jl^i Sarr (coli.; n. un.


jl^-l

Bparks
|

Surba drink;
(of

sip,

draugbt, swal-

Sarra
aJ-S.

pl. -t

spark
plug ;

jl^JJl

**f

low dose, potion


;

a medicine)

Sam'at

spark

Ij

1^1

^Ui*

kjljj

Sarah pl. \ijt\ aSriba bcrerage,

mifth aS-S. ignition key (automobile)


^jl^-t Sarri

drink; sberbet

wine;
|

fruit

juice,
&

fruit

syrup,

spark (used attributively)


sparkling,
scintillating

~Lfell

-il^i

ot-tnfffr

apple

juice; eider;

JliJjJI

^j* ^

cil-burtugl

j \ji.

Sarrr

Orangeade

emitting sparks

^l^i Sarrb drunkard, heavy drinker


i^l^-il

iSra'abba

to stretch

one's
Jl),

neck in
i^-j

Order to see s.th. (J or

orane one's

j-i

Sarib drinkable, potable

neck for (J or

Jl);

to carry one's bead


(Jl at)

ijl^J

Sarrdba,

Surrba

pl.

vi-'./-

high (out of vanity); to leer

Sarrib* tassel, tuft,


ar-r'i

bob

^
(Hex

'o)^

S.

v'y' ^u *

(European)
bot.)

holly

aqui-

P^- -**

stocking, sook

foum;

ij-^
l

Siros glue, paste

t-Hj-S Sirrib

drunkard, heavy drinker


(as

>->j$

Sariba

(Stirb,

Vj* mo^raA) to drink


(a B.th.)
s.o.'s
|

^s* maSrab drink


food)
;

opposed to

(*s.th.);
(AttAfctAi)

to

Bip

<--

j ^-i
toast

(pl. <_jjLii

maSrib*) drinking place,

to drink
i^i^

bealtb,
to

water hole, drinking trough, drinking


fountain;
taste;

s.o.;

U-aJt
i-jyi

(dukna)
to

smoke;
s.o.'s

lestaurant,

bar;

inclination,

*j

(nakbah)
II

drink

movement, sebool

(e.g., in philos-

health,
s.th.)
s.o.

toast s.o.

to give (*

a.o.

ophy)
Itjl*

to drink,
s.th.);

make

or let drink (*

maSraba
place,

pl.

^jli-
hole,

mairib 1
drinking

to
{i_>

drencb, soak,

saturate,

drinking

water

impregnate

*a.th. witb); to inculcate,

trough, drinking fountain

imbue
with

(*

* s.o.

with

s.th.)

III to

drink
(

in s.o.'s
s.o.)

()

Company, have a drink


(*

4-j^
*ijl*
oriel

maSrdbxya,

muSrabiya

and

IV to give

s.o.

s.th.)

to

maSraba

mouoharaby, projeeting

drink, to

make

or let drink {*

s.o.

s.th.);

drench,

soak,

saturate,

impregnate

enclosure ;

window with a wooden lattieework wooden oriel attio room


;

maSrabiya a kind of drinking vessel; rase,


pot for nowers

poaition,
(pl-

setting forth;

r_Jj^ Surh)

oommentation oommentary
explioatory,

t>^ taSamtb absorption, aoaking up,


imbibing
Vj'-i Srib
pl.

^f-s* Sarhi
illustrative

explanatory,

-n,

^^i

Air*,
(pl.

vj^-5
t-*jlji

-^J Sarha long, thin


~**jZ

slice,

rasher

SurUb
AitwJn

drinking;
8
)

drinker;

Sariha
(e.g.,

pl.

*l^5

mustaohe,

SarSih 1 long,

frequently

dual:

thin slice

of fruit, etc.), rasher;


(microsoope) slide

girth, cinch;
v-'j^/JU

raaJri

pl. -t

drink, beverage
|

*^-jj

&kjj~* (rhlya) alcoholic beverages,

liquors
>a *<ls* ^or^

4*v~* majfrafm operating operating table; autopsy room

room;

soup
(eg,),

fcj
Oj^i irab
(ayr.)

taSrth

diasection;

anatomy;
|

autopsy, post-mortem examination

*iju* Sor ba
a *-jl^-i

soup

j.illl
t.

'Um at-t. anatomy;

*1jU1I

fmJ>

Surrb pl. -< stocking, sock


(*.

at-muqbala oomparative anatomy

iL^-S Sarbaka to (en)tangle, snarl

^
s.th.);

j> tafrlhi disseoting, anatomizing,

dissective, dissectional ; anatomio(al)


rjj-til

to complioate (* s.th.)
inSirh relaxedness, relaxation;

^j^i Harbin a variety of larch


1

(bot.)

joy, delight, glee, gaiety

^J

-i

faraj pl. ^ijJi air; loop, ring, eyelet;

yLi Srih pl.

-1^-1

Swrrh explainer,

buttonhole; onus
ijrj* Saraji anal

expounder,
expositor
r'^-1*

Interpreter,

oommentator.

muSarrih anatomist

"iL-C*

^^ U P a lphabetically
1

rjZ Saraha a (Sarh)to cut up (*. s.th.); to


(* s.th.);

cut in

slices,

slice,

^r

Sarah* u (jj^ SurtUp) to beoome a

cut open, rip

open

youth, grow from childhood to maturity


i-jJ Sark
life

to bare, expose,
(*

make

clearly

prime of youth, spring of

visible or discernible

s.th.);

to ex2

pound
depict

(a s.th.);

to explain,

elucidate,

illustrate, (*

make
s.

piain, set forth, describe,

j^

Sa-raka

(eg.)

to crack, splinter, beoome

cracked
^-1

s.th.);

to

comment
J to or

(*

on),

intexpret (>
(j.U

th.);

to open, lay open


for the

Sark

pl.

rjji.

Surk

(eg.)

crack,

padrah

s.o. 's heart,


|

break, fisaure, fracture


i^i Sarada

acceptance of)

>U

^J.

(kfirah) to

(jl^-J

gladden, delight
slice,

Sird, i Jyi SurQd) to bolt

s.o. II

to cut in slices,

(horae); to run

away,

flee,

take to

flight,

cut

up

(* s.th.);

to dissect, disVII to

member, anatomize
glad,

take to one's heels, break loose, esoape;


to

(* a corpse)

roam, rove, wander, stray, go astray;


(thoughts)
|

be opened (heart); to be relaxed; to be

to be distracted

happy happy

oi

j_i

j.l* ^^jjl

(#adruh)

and

(dihnuh) to be absent-minded ;SJS\


(fiferu)

o jJ
II to

AI*1 r\r^^ {kfiruh) to be or


glad,

beoome

he became

lost in

thought

or delighted, rejoice

frighten away, chase away, drive


( s.o.);

away

^i iarh

expoundilig,

presentation,

to scare

( s.o.),

frighten

( s.o.)

explanation, Illustration, elucidation, ex-

into a panic

IT to ohase away, drive

saway
( b.o.)

Y
pl.

to roam, tramp about,


life

_^j^>

Sariaa

(Saras, *-\ji

Sardsa)

to be

lead a vagabond
ijji.

vicious, malicious, miBohievous, ill-tem-

Sard

j^i Surud

rwming away;
aberrant,

pered, unsociable, quarrelsome, petulant,

straying ;

astray ,

deviant,

peevish VI to be oross, quarrel


(j-yj

with)

strnge, peculiar
ijji.
|

Saras

i-I^J

Surd roamig, straying, wanS.

j*,- Aar vicious, malicioiu, misohievous,

dering j&i\ *jji

al-fikr

absent-minded-

ill-tempered, unsociable, quarrel-

ness, distraotedness
\jj

some, petulant, peeviah; wild, ferooious,


fierce

Sarid

fugitive, expatriated, dis-

placed, ezpelled ; loafer, tramp, vagrant,

u-ljZ Saris
i-lyJ

i
,

&rw
vi-

vagabond
Sardsa wickedness, malice,
ij^lj
taSrid

expulsion,

banishment,
|

ciousnees, meanness, baaeness, villainy;

eviction; vagrancy,
_u_^Xi!

Vagabundage

iL-

ill-temperednese,

unsociableneas, queru-

hayt

at-t.

the unaettled

life, life

of

lousness, petulance, peevishness


-jy-lyj Sirs glue,

a vagabond
AjlS taSarrud

vagrancy, Vagabundage

paste, see

^j*,

u^J**

jjli Srid pl. ijJ. Surud, Surrad, sjj

jj-yi AuMfl/pl. tju-l^i Sardsif rib eartilage

Satorid*

fugitive, straying,

astray; in-

timidated, frightened, helpless, at a loss

Jr-lr- Sarrtfi epigastric, pertaining to the anterior walla of the abdomen

a fugitive, runaway, deseiter; defector;


vagrant, tramp, vagabond
al-fikr
|

jil! jjli

J>ji II to take root


JljJS

absent-minded, distraoted;
S.

sJjZ
the

JMF

pl.

J>jji SurS root

J^

UUl

al-hta

irregularities

of

,>UI i. aZ-Ja&an

whey

lauguage, linguistie anomalies; Jki\ jjU


(ol^ikJI)
i,

an-nazar (an-nazart)

with

j^jj

SurSr

pl.

^ly-

SarSir*

chaffinoh

(sooL)

a blank stare; gazing into the void


jjiyj &wtflr (ep.) wild

duok

[zool.)

IjjU

Sdrida

pl.

jjt^i

Sawdrid*
|

pe-

culiarity, anomaly, exception

ojU

Cjii

jjl_ri

SardSir* bouI, seif, nature

(of a

ojlj Vj {taftuh) nothing escapes bim,

person)
- &r&/ pl.
t

he doesn't miss a thing


SjL>

jS SarO&if* bedsheet
(Sar$)

muSarrad

fugitive,

refugee, dis|

placed person ; neglected,

unkempt

jy-

jZ Sarafa

to tear (* s.th.); to

JUI confused, diaeonoerted


i^il*

make
s.th.);

incisions (* in), Scratch, soarify (*

to

slit

open, rip open (* s.th.); to

mutaSarrid

pl.

-fln

homeless

impose as a condition, as an Obligation


(*
(*

person, tramp, vagrant, vagabond; ad*

J on J

s.o.

B.th.),

make

oonditional

venturer

for s.o. s.th.); to stipulate {* B.th.)

J^i

II taSardaqa to

swallow the wrong

way

II to tear to

shreda (* s.th.); to Boratoh,


s.th.)
;

to choke (to death)


+*j2, II

Boarify

(*

to

make

incisions

(* in) III to fix

mutual oonditions; to
with

laSardama to be jagged, indented

make a

oontraot, oonolude an agreement


(*
s. o.)

A*>j$

Hrdima
Bmall
little

pl. pil^S

Sardim', ^ril^S

to bet, wager

iarddlm*
troop;

group,

gang,

party,

severe oonditions or terms

Y to impose J> j i^-LS


in
one's

band

{'amaliM)

to

be

metioulous

468

l*
*^jj-i

work, do one's work painstakingly VIII to

&rija

condition

i^J^-i
J

J on

impose as a condition, as an Obligation


(a (*

the condition that

J* on J*

s.o. a.th.);

to

make

conditional

iyl* maSraf program iyl* miSrat


scalpel
pl.

for

s.o.

s.th.);

to stipulate (*

a.th.);

paus. uUurifa to be prerequisite,

JylL. maSrif* lanoet,

preconditional (J for)

J^J

Aar/

pl.

iyjJ Surf incision


slit;

(in

Ja^yJJ toiri/ scarification, incision

the skin); long out, rip, alash,

conilyli*

mu Srafa

agreement, arrange-

dition, preoondition; proviaion, proviso,

ment
Jtj^il

clause; stipulation (of a contraot)


(Sarian), jl

jt IkjJ
tfftrdf

ijJ J#,

J*>j

on the condition
...; (jX>) js

pl.

-t

condition,

Pro-

that

.,

provided that

(au

vision, proviso; stipulation


jliyi Sarjana

iyi unoonditional; aJ
gatftn)

jl

J#^

with no stringB attaohed; un-

to consecrate, ordain

s.o.,

CAr.) II to be ordained (Chr.)

oonditional (obedience, surrender, etc.);


jLA-'l

iyl proviso of the right of with-

iiL^-i

Sarfana

vjkr*
Ordination

drawal (from a contract, a commercial


transaction, an Obligation,
Isl.

Lijkp
priest,

iarfnfyo

of

and the

like,

and any Ordination of persona by

Law)
|

laying on of hands (Chr.) ; simony (Copt.Chr.)

JfjJ Sarai pl- Jjj-2l aSrf sign, portent

.LJI JljJl the portents of the

Day of
fj$ iara'a a
into),
(Sar
r
,

Judgraent

fjjl Sur*) to go

enter (j s.th.);
-*

to begin, Start,

^ji.

iarfl

conditional

i^-i

*;

commence (j or
{*)

with;

with

foll.

(;umia) conditional clause {gram.)

imperf. : to do s.th.) ; to point a

weapon
J* on

LU^i Sarfiya contraot, agreement

at

s.o.

unbind, unlace (J#); to untie,


to fix
iara'a
(*

k^

farfa pl.

J^ htraf

stroke, line;

(*

s.th.);

bayoneta,

hyphen; dash
WjJ Surfa polioe, policemen
polioe Station;
ilyiJI
|

rifles);

(Sar*)

to introduce,

enact (a laws), prescribe, give (* J to


LySlI jlj
s.o. laws),

make laws
(*)

(*)

for s.o. (J)

^^j polioe report


pl.

Ujyi- fji to devise a plan II to draw

^ji
officer

Surft, Surati

-fin

policeman,

a weapon

on

s.o.

(J#); to legislate,

make
Sarlt
pl.

laws IV to draw or train a weapon


s.o.

Uj

Ju'l^i

Jartfig',

W^il

(*)

on

(J*)

Jl *-L*
.
.

gyil ('ainaihi)
.,

to cast one's eyes on

turn one'a

airifa band, ribbon, tape; oord, string;

glance toward
leash, line; thong, strap; braid, galloon,

.;

*J fjZ\ (qalamak)

chevron, stripe; ribbon (of an order),

to

draw

one's

pen

to prepare
;

to to

medal

write VIII to introduce, enact (* laws)


ribbon, servioe ribbon; (railway)
strip;

track, line; film


(jUix-};

film (also
|

iu^J
-Wj-*

prescribe, give (* J to s.o. laws),

make

(magnetic) tape
microfilm;

jU
jLLi

laws (>) for


f-iJl

s.o. (J)

(mufag'g'ar)

^Ll
tape ;

J^^-- tape
Jii

aS-Sar*

the

Revelation,
J

the

measure
pl. 4Jllj

measuring

canonioal

law

of

Islam
fll
0*-lj

U/j
right,

U^J
with

JJl^S aound film; sound track;


Jaj^-tJl

lar'an wa-far'an

with

magnetio tape; jUl U>jl fuse;


<f tidoi

ojj

good cause, by rights;


they are alike in this

fr

^J

S-U

j >

a tapeworm

ts
^fj.
rightful;
Aar'

466

lawful,

legitimate,

legal,
le-

^IjUl

tffinTi legislative

Lt^i
etc.

Sar'lyan

lawfully,

9j\J. Sdri' pl. -fin legislator,


(pl.

lawgiver;

gitimately,
foransio

^^ill
|

^JJI

(Jibb)

mediane; ,j-^\ LJI Jurisdiction based on the Sharia;


5*^1 the
l^ji
religious courts

(W)
S*l/I

gj\j~

Sawri'*)

street

^j

jli

(ra'itf)

main

Btreet, thoroughfare; street,

fjU

lU

fdfftm) public

thoroughfare

fj^rt mafr' legitimate, legal, lawful,

Sar'iya

lawfulness,

legality, le-

rightful, licit; permiseible, allowed; (pl.


-<K,

gitimacy, rightfulness
'**ji>

mJ*1*

maSrt')

plan,

projeot,
j

Jfar'a

string

(of

bow, of a

scheine, design, enterprise, undertaking

muaical instrument) ; thong, strap


At-jS,

>U fjjl* m. gdnn


'<*jj*

bill,

draft law

Sir'a

law;

A^iJl

the Sharia, the

mair&lya legitimaoy
pl. -fin legislator,

revealed, or oanonical, law of Islam

fjl mutant*
giver

law-

fLl
sail
;

Hrti'

pl.

fyi turn',

Ayil

wfri'a

tent
Sird'i

jJ* mutaiarri* logislator, lawgiver;


saing-,
sail|

^j*

(in

Com-

Jurist, jurisprudent, legist

pounds), rigged with sails


sailsbip, sailboat; -[/*

-j^ cJL*

fjCJU

rnuitari*

pl.

-n

legislator,

V^* ghder

lawgiver; Jurist, jurisprudent, legist

Ul^-i Sarr'a
(in

peep window, peep hole

J>ji

Sarufa

(Saraf,

*\^X

Sarfa)

to be

a door)

highborn, high-bred, noble, illustriouB,

fjji. htr* beginning, start,

commenceplan,

eminent, distinguished, high-ranking

II

to

ment, inception
attempt, try
(Jii)
(

(j or lj with);
for or at s.th.)
|

make noble, eminent,


( b.o.),

illustrious, ennoble,

gj^l

elevate, exalt, raise to distinction, honor,

*Js*

(zrtja, jaJZ)

attempted

confer honor or distinction


to honor

up

tbeft (murder)

on
pl.
Slj-i

s.o.);

(v

s.o.

with); to give

( b.o.)

the honor III to vie for precedenoe


(

iyi srTa
hole,

fartTi'*

water
in

honor or nobility
(a
s.th.),

with

s.o.);

to

drinking

place;

approaoh

to

water hole; law;

m^I

approach

come within
overlook,
(a

sight

the Sharia, the


(a of s.th.),
|

be within shooting distance


to

revealed, or canonical, law of Islam


jyjj!

(a

of

s.th.);

command
s.th.);
(a

j nhr

aS-S.

the river Jordan


(a
s.th.),

look

down

on

to

Uj-1

maSra'a

pl.

fjLi*

ma&Jr' 1

supervise, oontrol (a s.th.),


s.th.)

waten

over

water hole, drinking place


.jjjj
uttai
iaSri*

IV to be high,

tall, lofty;

to tower,
on),

legislation

Hj^
i^j

U--

rise

(Ja above); to look

down (Ja

aM.

legislative power, legislative,

overlook, overtop

(Ja s.th.); to

com-

legislature

mand
face
CJl
|

(Ja the vicinity, etc.); to open, (Ja


on, e.g.,

a window on the
(J upon B.th.); look on (Ja at);

^yujjj toirt'i legislative

*-**4-'

garden); to look

down

(;am iya)

the legislative assembly; jjj

to be a Bpectator,

ou^JJ

(daura) legislative period, session;


iWLJI (stfa) the legislative power,

to supervise, oversee, Buperintend, control

Lm^UI

(Ja

s.th.),

waten, have the super-

the legislative, the legislature


f-IjVI

vision (Ja over),

manage,

direct,

run (Ja
to

*j
fifth

<|*V<*<

oX-tiriC

Deu-

s.th.),

be

in

charge (Ja of

s.th.);

teronomy,

Book of Moses

be near

s.th. (Ja),

be close (J# to

s.th.),

467

Jj*
{jliujJS tafrtftt ceremonial;

verge or brink ( J of min, etc.)

be on the point of (J*); to be on the V to be


(_>

master of
chief

oeremonies;
protoool
|

royal

Steward;

of

honored
0.8.
it is

with), bare the honor, give


(<-*

iJiJuj^S iJi

(badkt)

parade

the honor
(was)

of),

Li^ taiarrafn

uniform
jli.

an honor to

me X

to look

up

mu&rafa

supeirision,

super-

(Jl to), raise one'e glance (Jl to)

intendence (Jp over)


Jil^-il

Ji^i an*/ elevated place Ji^i fora/ high rank, nobility, distinction,
**ji>

Wnl/ supervision, superintend-

eminenoe, dignity; honor, glory

ence, control (Jp over); patronage, auspices | jlyil under the auspioes of,

Je

in his

honor

under the patronage of

j^-i Sarafi honorary, honor- (in

Com-

JijU

&Jr/

pl.

Jj]>i

iawrif*

old

pounds)
*i^i

(camel mare)
>>!- muSrif Supervisor, overaeer, Superpl.

Swfa

hir(a)ft,

Surufi,

J^i
intendent
|

hiraf baloony; baloony lge, box (theater)


;

jjl\

Je

Ji^

(mattf) dying,

in the throes of death,

doomed

to death,

battlement

moribund
l^-i

firfa sherifate,

offioe

of sherif

Ji^il* miutafraf terraoe ij^ iaraqa u


(sarg,

(in

Meooa)
balcony; gallery
Swaf**,
.Jil^Sl

Sii^J hirrfa pl. -<B

jj^- &*r) to

rise (sun)

to shine, radiate;

ktriqo a
(l-

(faraq) to
fit

Ju^- fort/

pl. U^J

swallow the wrong way, have a


choking; to choke
bi-darrCxhl
sip, lap,

of

aSrf distinguished, eminent, illustrious,

on

s.th., e.g., -u.-b

noble,

highborn,

high-bred;
exalted,

honored,
august;

on one'a

teara) ;

Saraqa u to
to go east;
in the sun, to

oelebrated;

sublime,

suok in

(* s.th.) II

honorable, respectable, honest (trade, profession); sherif, title of the desoendanta

to cut in Btrips

and dry

jerk (* meat, for conserration) ; see vJ"j*

of

Mohammed;

Juy^JI in

Ottoman

times,

IT to

rise (sun); to

shine, radiate

T
;

to

title

of the Governor of Meooa

beoome an Orients!
Oriental,

to

adopt

oriental

Jj_/J Sarljl aherinan, of or pertaining

beoome an manners to

to the house of the sherifs

study the Orient


3ji> Sarq sunrise, east;

yl* ma&raf
site,

elevated,
JijLi.

commanding
mai&rif*
eleS.

the Orient, the


j

East; lip Xarqan eastward


height;
pl.

jjV' i3/-

al-urdunn

(tili

vations, heights, hls


<J;VI

1950)

Transjordan;
J^All
,5/JI

J^l

{adn) the

Near East;

<*ij to&rifa pl. -t honoring, bestowal of honors; pl. tairift ceremonial, etiquette,
protoool
(dtpl.)
|

i^JVI (aqp) the Far East; -L-j^l


the Middle East

i_S3il

oli^JI (malaklya)
j^i
of the
Sartfi

eastern, easterly; oriental;

(formerly)

bulletin

receptions,
(pl.

inspeotions

and

visits
^MiSf

of the King of

-n) Oriental; UjjpiJI the Orientais

Egypt;
emonies;

c>iJuyiJ}\
j^-JJI

master of
ai-t.

(of the
cer-

Christian

Ghurch)

Ljjl

J^i
tili

lyS kiswat

parade

Eastern Europe; ijVi J^J ijLI tmdrai


i.

l-urdunn

(offioial

designation

uniform; j^-II cH"** 8*1* dre*8 gal* uniforms; ujli_rI)l jX mudir at-t. ohief
of protoool
(dipl.)

i960) Transjordan
ijlyj su-dg

pitchy pine wood, lightwood

*s
jji Surq
jlyi dar&fi
rise (of the aun)
(eg.)

468

partioipant, associate

of s.o. in) III to


a.th.),
in),

uninigated land not

share (j or *
ticipate

with
*

s.o.,

par-

reached by the Nile floods


i}\ji

(j or *

with

s.o.

be or

beoome partner,
(

partioipant,

associate
o.a.

Sarrq suctorial device; part of a

or a

of

s.o. in);

to awaociate
into

suction

pump
ktrquwa
(pl.

(*

with with

s.o.), s.o.),
(

enter

partnership
join,

jily^

of

j jUyi)

Le-

form a partnership,
*

rantinea
ijjl*

combine

or i
(*

with
s.o.)

s.o.
|

in);

to

(eg.)

sympathize
maSriq
pl.

with

*A>

*JjU

jjli* mo&Jrtg' plaoe

(ra'yah) to share s.o.'s opinion

IT to

of aunrise, east; place of rise; the Orient,

make
in),

s.o.)

a partner,

participant,

the East; l^JH East and West


IfjjUuj

jjli*

associate (j in), give

s.o.)
;

a share (j
to tie s.th.
(-

^jVI

* aJ-artf

wa-inadri&uAd or

have
with

( s.o.)

ahare (j in)
{<->),

LjjiLlj LJptil

(mapriMn)

the

whole
0Ter

(*)

closely to a.th.
a.th.)
|

aasociate

world;

jj

i>.*>^

j aU

s.th.

-iL>

*5^il to

the world

the associate or partner of


creation

make s.o. Qod (in His


up
to
i.e.,

jj* rua&riqi eastern, easterly, oriental;


(pl.

and

rule);

iL

ii^l to set

jlJL*

maSriqa)

an Oriental;

or attribute associates to God,

oLJ/iil orientalia, oriental atudies


Jij-ii

be a polytheist, an idolator YI to enter


into partnership (* with s.o.); to partic-

toiriy

easternization;

developipate
(esp.

together (j in), ahare

with one
enter
into

ment of domestio production

in

another

(j

a.th.)

VIII

to

local industry, with the gradual elimi-

partnership, to coperate (^* with s.o.);


to participate
(

nation of Europe), drive for (economic)

independence
the old the

^1

A ayym

j ^

with

s.o. in),

share

at-t.

name of the three days following Day of Immolation (lOth of Zu'lhijja)

(j *> with

s.o., s.th.),

collaborate, take

part (j

in),

contribute (j to); to sub-

during the hadj featival

soribe (J to); to partake of the Lord'a

Supper, communicate (Copt.-Chr.)

jl^l rq radiance; radiation, eraiip Hrk polytheiam, idolatry


dlation, emanation; IllaminiBm

(mysti-

ilyl Jl

ciam deriving from Neoplatonism)

aM
tor

aS-S.

the

polytheiats,

the

idola-

jJlj-V

al-iirqiff&n

the Ulaminists,
iijj

adherents of IUuminism
jlj--V' al-isti&rq oriental atudiea

Sarah

pl.

i\^

htruk,

lll^il
|

airk, ill^J

Hrk

net, anare, gin; trap


s.o.,

5^1
s.o.

*J

uJ

to lay a trap for

trap

3j* mufriq resplendent, radiant, Bhining


jj-iJL-.

iip Snrvk spurious, unsound, phony,


mustairiq having oriental
-fln)

man

falae

ners; (pl.

Orientalist

'Sj.

Hrka, farika partnership; oom(Chr.) ;


(pl. -dt)

3jji- Saraqraq, Jl^iyi Saraqrq green

wood-

munion

assooiation,

peoker

oompftTiion ih i p ;

Company,

oorporation

(com.); commercial enterpriae (Ist. Lato);

iip farika a (Hrk, 'j. Zirka, iarika) to


share (j

establishment, firm, buriness

Jutdl ~SjZ

with

s.o.

a.th.),

participate

inauranoe Company; *jjl? tf^S (tijriya) trading Company, firm; 5*liVi

(j

with

s.o. in),

be or beoome partner,

- broad-

460

*jr
iijviil

oasting

oorporation;
Joint- stock

>1il 3^5

S.

aJ-

(amn) collective aecurity j* >b


;

muehama
tion;

oompany, oorporado.;
-S

{batff)

Joint

oommuniqu;

iJjviil

jJ-JI

vU"

C**

(nhmiya)

{sq) the

Common
apirit,

Market; iijll j^-Jt

Cj^j^\ truat {com.)


ill^J

Community
Iwrufc, ii^l
aJfroJfc,

communality,

soli-

darity; i}JHS\ OU-JI (famn) oolleotive

rdfc pl.

i3j-t

aecurity
iJl^il ainlfc

shoelace
pl.

&J,
airtJjt

Sank

K^i

hraht*,

iil^il

^-5^-i Jarihwf Circaaaian ; (pl. i_5* I^J

JardHaa)

aharer,

partioipant,

partner, oo-

a Circaaaian

partner;
federate,
(Isl.

assooiate,
ally;

oompanion,

oon-

co-owner,

ooproprietor
(in

Jarama
s.th.)

(Sarm) to split,

alit,

Blaah (*

Law); aooomplice, accesaory


|

a
*j2,

orime)

of** partner (com.)

^.j*

(*#) sent

Sarm

pl.

Ajyi Surm
;

cleft, orack,

split, rift, alit, Blot

amall bay, inlet

dL ji>

Suraik

(eg.)

seaame oake

^1
woman
(see
etc.

aSram',

f.

U^

Sarm* 9 having a

diafigured noee; harelipped

&lj2
partner,

Sarxha pl. dlSj^ SariVik*

woman

partioipant,

Ja^i Sarmala
shreds (a

(eg.,

syr.)

to shred, tear to

s.th.)

iL^
at-t.

taSrik:

dli^l i-L^

siyfoat

~*!*j*J.

Sarmfa

pl.

J^ljJ Sardmtf rag,

policy of alliances

shred, tatter; whore, slut, proatitute


ajUjJ,

S^LL.

muSraka partnership, oopartpartioipation (j


in);

Sarnaqa

pl. JJljJ

Sarniq* coooxm (of

nership,

Coopera{Chr.);

the silk worm); chrysalia (of an inaeot); slough


Sarniq*
(of

tion, oollaboration;

communion

anake),

snakeakin;

complioity, accesaorinesa (jur.)


il\J-\

hemp

(Cannabia aativa;

bot.);

iSUrk

partnership,

oopartner-

hemp

seed

ship, ooparoenary; partioipation, sharing,

ji Sariha

a (Sarah) to be greedy

(J! or

J*

joining, co-operation, oollaboration (Jin)

for food); to eat greedily, gormandize,

interference (J in); aubscription (j to);


jointnesa,
(pl.

gluttonize, be gluttonoua
ji.

oommunity communion {Chr.) ;


;

Sarah

gluttony,

gourmandism,

-i)
j

subaoription rate; partioipation

ravenousneaa, voraoity; greedineas, greed,


fee

iJlJ^Lj

jointly, in

oonourrenoe,
covetousneaa, avidity

together

(^

with);

jtj+i iJIJLM {fahrt)

monthly aubscription ;
contribution

monthly

fee

or

*ji Sarih greedy (J* for food), gluttonoua; voraoious, ravenous; ravenoua

eater,

glutton ; greedy,

oovetoua,

avid

J'lj^l iitirki sooialist, sooialistio; (pl.


n) a socialiat
~*S\j>\ i&tirkiya socialiam
~**\j

Sarha gluttony, gourmandism,

ravenousneaa, voracity; greedineas, greed,


covetousneaa, avidity
iJ^i.

muirik

pl.

-n polytheist
jji Sarw, Sirw honey
pl.

iljX

muitarik

-n

partioipant;
JtjyJ
Joint,
|

subscriber
ilJLL*

Sinol pl.

Jjj'j-i

SarwiP trousers,

pants; drawers

mukarak common,

oomj*^/l

bined, ooncurrent, oolleotive, oo-

hA>

&A

aee dir1

tf-r*

iSjl Sar i (Uran,


(>_>

ra*) to

seil,

vend
to

jjw
that

muStaran
is

pl.

Lj%i* muStarayt

m s.th.

for a certain price); to buy,


s.th.); to

whioh

purohaaed,

purchased

purchaae (*

bring upon

o.a.,

goods; purohase, buy(ing), acquisition


IjjJ Sazran:
B.O.

aak

for

(e.g. t

-_-eHI troubles, inconven%

ieacea)

Sar

(Siran)

to

expoae

Ijj- *JI ^Lj

to look askance at

{* s.th.) to the sun for drying II to expoae


(a
s.th.) to

the sun fcr drying VIII to


s.th.);

ijjj ,>*.

'am

jaznl' 1

an eye looking

buy,

purchaae (*
obtain

to

buy up,
transs.th.)

askance, ditrustfully or maligrantly ; ij


\jji (naxra) distrustful, suspicious

acquire,

by commercial
Bell,

glanoe

action {* s.th.); to

vend

(*

X to become worse, worsen, deteriorato


j^i Sary
t^i
(coli.; n.

(Fr. chiste) slate (min.)

un.

colocynth

*-li Abi' far (away), distant, remote; wide,


large, great (distance); huge, vaet, enor-

Uran

pl.

^l

airiya purchaae,

mous

(difference)
rifled (gunbarrel)

buy(ing), bargain

UJL* SaSakn
tfji.

Saran an itohig skin eruption


*jU*-Llli i*J-l orfiAa* aS-S.

firearms

l^i

Sir*

purchaae, buy(ing) 1*1^1

--*!j

eager to buy;
dura) or

O Lr^ J* ^' (magO ^' *y qwat aS-S. purchasing

j
1

1?* *-

muiaan

rifled (gunbarrel)

- &im

seed of the Cassia absus

(bot.),

power
IjjS

used as eye powder

Sarwa purchaae, buy(ing)

*i*i-i

Joima,

Jma

toilet, lavatory,

privy

tSjji Sarw: jJu

^j

dl* V

yanu V

Ukn

S.

naqirin he hasn't a red cent to his

Sunt sample, specimen ; sampltng

name,

he

has

alsolutely
i* i*

nothing
f

V
(J

* *

(ejj.)

SiSnagi aasayer (of precious

jju isj_^ is-^ (yvjdi)


all

no use a *

metals)
*-i &if$ pl.
,j-j---i

Ju^ty fiahhook

i j_rl

,j*i-l

af-Aumm

oi-Airouni/a

j^X Samara a kind of gazelle


.Li Jaffa

nettle rash, Urticaria (med.)

(Jki Jafaj) to

go to extremes,

OL^i Siryn
Li!^
1

pl. 'dlp Amty** artery taaub aS-S. arterioscle|

go too

far,

exceed the proper hounds, be


(j in, with); to doviate (j*
stray
(fjJ>y\\

excesaive

from),

digress,

je from

Jlj^i

Siryni

arterial

JjL^I

J-Jl

the topio) VIII to go to extremes, go too


far,

(sudda) embolism (med.)


*\ji2>\

exceed
(

the

proper

bounds,

be

iStir*

purchase, buy(ing)

excessive
Jfct

in, with)

jU

Sarin pl. \ji JurA Beller, salesman,


;

Saft

pl-

J*,^

Suff bank,
|

shore,

coast, Beashore, beach, Strand

i^^JI .Li

vendor

purchaser,

buyer,

customer
.

al-'arab

Shatt-al-Arab,

river in

SE

lightning rod {also J*]f*t\ Jj^)'>

l \jli\

ai-Surh designation of the Khawarij


cus-

Iraq formed by the Tigris and Euphrates


rivers; the region travereed

by

this river

j* mu&tarin purchaser, buyer,


tomer;
seller,

on the Fersian Gulf


Li Saffa a variety of pepper (Capsicum

vendor
(cutron.)

jjUil al-muStari Jupiter

conicum Mey.;

bot.)

471

JoL* Safaf that whioh

ia

exoessive or

Safara u, Safura
sly,

(SjlL

ja/dra)

to be
to

exceeda the proper bounds, ezcess; inroad, encroaohment, infringement


*J-Li
Saftfa

cunning,

artful,

shrewd ;

be

clever, smart, bright, skillful, adroit II to

variety

of

pepper

halve,

divide into

two

(equal)
(* s.th.)

parte,

(Capsicum oonioum Mey.;


J&i* muSiff excessive

to bisect, cut through


bot.)

in
(

to

halve, share
(*

by halves, share equally


go halves with
take part (* in
|

with

s.o., B.th.),

yLi

Sfi' pl.

yl^i Sawfi'*, TLi Svfn ahore,

s.o.);
s.th.),
(

to participate,

coast, seaooast, beaoh, Strand

share <* s.th.)

*>-_>,

.IjT Jli
s.o.'s

r'ah,

farahah )
joy

to

share

i_Jfe

Safaba

(8afb)

to out into slices or

views,

s.o.'s

to manifest slynesa,
adroitness,
skill

Strips (* B.th.); to strike out, cross out,

clevernesa,

smartness,

Scratch out, write off (J# or * B.th.); to eraee, efface ( J* or * s.th., e.g., a word,

VII to divide, split (* into, intrans.)

a sentence); to cancel, release (J* or * a mortgage); to drop, nonauit (^y-s

J*2
jLt\

Safr partition, division, Separation,

halving, bisecting;
aSfur)

.,

(pl.

j_,Li Svfr,

a half,

moiety; hemistich;

da'w a case)

II to

make an
a Blash
out,
(

incision,

longitudinal cut, a

alit,

j in s.th.)

portion, share, lot; direotion; Safra in

the direotion of
to

toward

to strike out,

cross

soratch out,

*J*

_*?
s.o.;

move toward
*jUiJl
one's

b.o.,

walk up to

write off (J* or * s.th.); to erase, efface (J* or h B.th., e.g., a word, a sentence);
to cancel, release,

^Ui

Jj

(walld

anfrah)
a.o.
;

to

direot

glances

toward
to

J* or * a mortgage); (
tenninate, wind

Jj

jki t+-j

(wajhah)

tum

one*s face

to book, enter, poet {* an item, an account); to finish


off,

toward
iJtJ-

s.th. Sifra sjde, half

up
jlki

(>

8.th.)

t_J*i Safb cut, slash; incision, Scratch;

Safara

slynesa,

cunningness,
clevernesa,

Crossing out, striking out, writing off;


erasure,
cellation
t_J*i Safb
pl. t_jjlii

shrewdness, adroitness,

skill,

effacement;

annulment,

can-

smartness
jLi- Safira

sandwich; Schnitzel, steak

Sufb

tall,

strap-

jULl* muSfara participation, sharing

ping, sturdy,

husky
jlkljt
inSifr fission, Splitting, cleavi_...W1j

i--;L1j taSfib: u_>LJ-l

posting of

age, division, Separation

an account
curfew

(to the ledger);

<_Ltill 5*L-

jULl Sfir pl.jlki Suffr sly, cunning,

shrewd; scoundrel,

villain; clever,

smart,

~Ui Safaka a

(Safk) to

roam, rove, stray

bright, adroit, skillful

<pLt Safha pl. Safaht escapade

^ki
two

Sifranj,

Safranj

chess

jkiJI

*-J

J*i Safara u
(equal)

lauhat aS-S. chessboard


tjtkl Safafa

{Saft)

* halve, divide into


bisect,

parte,

cut

through

s.th.); to cut off, sever (* B.th.);

be

(*

(Soff)

to rinse (under flowing

water), clean with water,

wash

(* s.th.)
(pl.

^u

J*, (baparuh)

u (j^Lt

squint-eyed;

Sufr) to

Safara

(jj^Z

ULi
JdLZ

Sufr,

Suffa piece,

chunk, lump;
eg.)

jjLi Sufra, jlki io^ra) to withdraw,


separate, disassociate o.e.
(je-

Sufaf) flint (of

a gunlock,

from);

Li

Siffa splinter, chip, sliver

j*
1 jUi

472

Safana u (&n) to fasten, attach,


s.th.

tie,

**

muSi" radiating, radiant; emit-

bind (w *
a

with a rope)
(alphabetically)

ting rays, radiative;

radioactive

iL>lL~S

and jLJL see jL-i

O
*i
rally

***

muSi"a radiator
(Sa'b)

,_ilii

Sazafa
t_'-^^

{Sazf)

to castrate

Sa'aba a

to gather, assemble,
s.th.);

(> people, *
people,

to disperse,
II to

fajaf pl. ^jlki #z/ discomfoTt,


life
|

Bcatter (.*

* s.th.)

form

hardship, difnculty; ruggedness of

^1 Jtki >
of hardships

branches, to brauch; to branch (out), ramify,


divide
into

fl*l

(*

*-'atf)

to lead a

life

branches or
to

sub(out),

divisions {* s.th.)

branch

*Jiki Alf/ hard, harah, rough, rugged,

ramify

to

be subdivided,

form subin different


split,

auatere
Jii jbfiya

(life,

character)

divisions; to diverge,
direotions, part

move

Company, separate,

(Aifan) to be splintered,

be

break up, beoome disunited, disorganized, disrupted; to branch off


(

shattered, splinter, shiver


i-kl izlya pl.

do.

j* from);

Jii

fcfty, l;U Sat&y

to result (je from) VIII to branch out,

splinter, sliver, chip; shinbone;

bone

ramify; to branoh off


<_^

lu"o

(Ja",

Li

kCb

pl.

'<f)

to disperse,

vj*- htb

people, folk;

nation ; tribe, race


soatter, diffuse, Bpread; to

beam, radiate,
diffuse (a
,yj> Sa'bi national, people's; populr,

flash
e.th.);

up IV to emit, spread,
to
eradiate
(*
s.th.);

to

emit

folksy, folk- (in

Compounds)

i_*-iJl

i^l

rays or beams, radiate,

beam V to emit

(jabha) populr front; i-*i <X>\Jiys* people's

rays or beams, radiate, beam, eradiate

democracy

(in

Marxist terminology)

-^ ht" rayB, beams


fl*i
ia'd*

spokes
confused,
(**~jj)
jJ>

5*i Sa'blya popularity


be<Jj*Z Su*bi adherent of the

distracted,
|

<^y^

see

wildered,

perplezed

jU*

below
<sijAli\ aJf-Su'biya

UUi Mb

znind

became confused, bewilder-

ed or perplexed
*l*i
odFT'a
dfu'd'

the early Islamio


n.

a movement within oommonwealth of na-

(coli.;

un.

I)

pl.

<*il

tiona whioh refused to reoognize the pririleged poeition of the


<_-*i
Jfi'

rays,

beams; spokes; horizontal


|

rabs
'b

wooden orosspieces (on a door or window) 3 .Hl dj *i1/l (banaftajtya) the


ultra-violet

pl.

wl*i
trau ;

mountain
ravine,

rays; _^1/1
rays;

J-^

Jll

UlM
X-ray
<~L*U

path,

mountain

gorge,

oanyon;

gulf, abyas; reef

the

infra-red

Uil

jj*

photograph,
lfl

roentgenogram;

ij*i Si'ba reef ijAi

radioactivity

Su'ba

pl.

*_-*i

Suab, wl*i

&i*b

M*il
,yl*il

d*
f

pl. -<K radiation,

eradiation

branch, bough, limb, ramification ; shoot,


twig, sprig, spray; prong, tine;
(sub-)

TfS't

radiative,

radiational

division,
cell; fleld

section,

department,

branch,
at a ^-*i

(^l*^'

LU jj {naMf)

radioaotive

of study, discipline
part,
|

(e.g.,
(pl.

**i

fafo'V radiation, eradiation


^aJLDI

university);
|

portion;

^jl^l
tS-Jj\

(an5ri) radiation of heat;

Su'ab) bronchus

^*iJI wlfJl bronchitis

illl {SamH) solar radiation

(med.)

lS

tJ>

Jhiabi bronchial
Sa'ib

jj*i look

up alphabetically

_ui

disrupted,

disorganized,

j* kCara

(jj*i Su'r) to

know (^

s.th.,

disunited, scattered, dispersed

l that),
(i-*

have knowledge, be cognizant

uU*i fa'bdn* Shaban, name of the


eighth
._-*-!

of); to
B.th.,
(_j

come
oi

to know, realize, notice to


peroeive,
feel,

month of the Mohammedan year


a& ab % hence,
r

(i_j

that);

name of a legendary
said

sense

B.th., Ol

that),

be oonscious, be

raiser,

of

s.o.

extremely

niggardly:

^,\

^X\

greedier than

aware (^ of s.th.) (*'*") to make or oompose poetry, poetize, versify ^ij J


|

A'ab
,ywl ai'abl extremely miserly, avarioious, or greedy; (pl. -flu) skinflint, miser,

...

uw-)

(iM bi-), ... j and...iVlj-i U,


VI
.

VI j*i
.j

{
L.

(i be-

Vi^U

fore he even realized

it,

there was

all

of

a sudden

. .

then,

all

of a sudden, there
.

niggard
|

,^1

J (fama') insatiable greed

was .

.,

it

happened that
(

. .

IV to

let

>,*.*..)

iaia"ub ramification, branching,


off;

( s.o.)

know

v or

* s.th., of or
{<_>

about
of or
( (

branching
disunion

disruption,

split(ting),

s.th.), notify,

inform

or *

* s.o.

about), give notice or Information


s.o., s.o.,

to

_>Liil in&i'b ramification, branohing,

y
<_>

or * of or about), impart or a s.th.)

to

branching
disunion
t_-**

off;

disruption,

split(ting),

to

feel,

sense, notice,

peroeive, realize

{<_>,

a s.th.), be consoious,
filled

be aware
mvtaia"ib
ramified ,

( of);

to be

(* with a

branch -

feeling)

ing;

manifold,

diverse;
,_,*;.

many-sided,
j*i
fa'r,

versatile

(oLi-

m. al-janab&t)

ia'ar

(coli.;
iu'fir,

n.

un.

pl.

jUil
*i Sa'batfa to practice jugglery, legerde

ai'r, jj*i

jLi H'r

hair;

bristles; fr, pelt

main, sleight of hand, or magic

V*i
-L*i

fa'ra

(n.

un.)

pl.

-dt

a hair
|

Sa'baa

jugglery,

legerdemain,

j*- j-tf

(qadra

S.)

not by a hair's

sleight of hand,

magio

breadth

jw

Ja'tfa

a (Ja'^O to be or become dishevmatted


(hair)
II

tSS"
(adj.)

kt'ri, Sa'ari hairy,

hirsute, hair

eled,

unkempt,

to

dishevel, rffle {* the hair)

to

become

^Ai kfriya

pl.

-dt

wire

grille,

wire
pl.)

disheveled, ruffled (hair) ; to disintegrate,


fall

netting, lattice work;


capillarity
(latticed)
|

apart, deoay (of buildings)


*!*
1

(without
*.

LJl

^i

ai-iuhbdk

*l*i Sa'at;
straighten
s.o.,

lamma

Sa'afah to

window shade,

Jalousie

out the muddled affairs of


s.o.

*ij*S 'riya vermicelli

help

to get back on bis feet; to

Btruggle back to one's feet, "pick up'\

dj/*~ Sa'r&ni hairy, hirsute, shaggy


jmi.

recover
il->-i

H'r knowledge

&ja1
. !

cJ

laita

Sa'if

matted,

disheveled,

un-

K'ri I wish I

knew
(pl.

would that

kempt
hair

(hair);

having matted, unkempt

knew...!

jLil

aTr) poetry;

poem
f.

1^1 afap,
disheveled,

.Ui

Aj'J'

matted,

&J*} 'rf
iSj*~

poetic(al)
pl-

unkempt matted, unkempt hair

(hair) ;

having

'

ifj\*

Jo'r

scrub

country

474

tf^nJl ai-Si'r Sirius,

Dog

Star (astron.)
j-il
;

j**

mai'ar

pl.

jpLi. ma&'ir* cultio


;

jUi H'r
de vice;

Bhne
pl.

for ceremonies of the hadj


;

sen*
|

jZ

iu'ur,

ai'ira

sory organ

pl.

senses, feelinga, sensationa

password, watchword ; slogan

motto,
signal;

mark,

a\J~\ y^li\

(harm) the hadj Station of

token,

sign;

Muzdalifa east of Meoca

distinguishing
teristic,
(tijri)

mark

or featore, charac|

emblem,

badge

jjljf

jUl

jUil

iS'r
(l->

pl.

-t

notifioation,

infor*

trade
Sa'ir
|

mark
(coli.)

mation
barley;
_r*i>

of,

about), notioe

jv
barley;

(n.

ud.

5)

y^Li

Sair

barleycorn

jJJjJ

{lu'lu'i)

pearl

perception),

knowing (by instinotive endowed with deeper in-

,^1

Ij^t

S.

al-jafn sty (med.)


(of

sight, with intuition; (pl. lji hfar'*)

/^

Aj'ira

bead

a gun

poet
flight,

mtl.; Syr.)

y^li i'iriya

pl.

-t

poetry; poetical

i^o
**j*>2>

olj**i Ju'ainW (iamawtya blood

work, poetization; poetical talent; poetship

capillaries (biol.)

jt\jZ Saurfir* attacks, diatribes, inveo-

Sairiya vermicelli
tives, calumnies,

defamations
Bplit,

jyj.

ht'r

knowledge,

cognizance;

consciousness, awareness; peroeption, dis-

jj*L

mafr

cracked;

mad,

cernment; perceptive faculty; Sensation;


Bentiment; feeling; perceptiveness, Bensitivity, sensibility

orazy, idiotio

JI^L* mui'irni hairy,


i*i ki'ki'a to mix

hirsute,

shaggy

jyJ- j* J (gairi ht'rin) without bis being aware


; |

mood

*l*

with water, dilute (*

jj*^\ j ^*\i to lose consciousneBs; j^ill Ji\i unconscious, insensible; j^ill


of
it;

a beverage); to Bhine, beam, radiate,


glitter

^j-iJlj

(naft)

self-oonsciousness;

j^Ul
sensi*

**:**.

muh.' Sa'

half

drunk,

tipsy,

otJlj
tivity,

do.;

j^*-iJl

>

dtggai

aM.

fuddled
J**i Sa'afa

senaibility; iJ>ill

j^l (rnuAfl*

rol)

Community
j^*-iJI

spirit,

communality,
insen-

a to scoroh, Bear, singe

soUdarity;
aitive

f*

unfeeling,

*-i Ja'/a pl* <-JUi 'd/

summit, top, peak

(jjj^
tfjyJ-

ht'ri

oonscious; emotional

Ji fa'aJa a (fa'J), II and IV to light, kindle, ignite, infame, set on fire (* s.th.), set
fire

V unconscious, subconsoious
(*
(pl.)

to

B.th.);

to set ablaze, fan (*


fire,

j jUi ja'drd
lj*2>

goats
Sa''ir*

s.th.)

Till to catch

Start burning,
flare

Ai'ira pl.

J US

religioas

ignite,

burn,

flame,
|

blaze,
J*i-tl

up,

ceremony,

rite, cultio praotice; pl. also:

break out

(fire)

L-

(gafaban)

ploces of worehip, cultio Brinea


j*2>\

to be fiaming with rage; Lxi <Aj

J*^
blaze,

(Saiban) his hair was, or turned, white


ai'ar* hairy, hirsute, long-haired,

Bhaggy
j jj*2> ht'rr poetaster, versiner, rhymester

*i

ht'la

pl.

J*i iu'oi

fire,

flame; torch

*- Tna&'ala

pl.

J*LL.

mai'iP torch
j*lj$ rhymester
huvai'ir
poetaster,
versifler,

JUi* m'i torch

478

J"
*-*LL.

Jelt maS'i

pl.

4-UL* maSaiya

mu&gaba
trouble,

pl.

-t

disorder,

torch bearer; hangman, executioner

disturbanoe,

riot,

uproar; re-

jLil
setting

l'<U

Ughting, kindling, ignition,

on

fire,

fanning
Ignition,

bellion (J* against); diaoord, diaaension, row, wrangle, quarrel, oontroveray

jUiil

ti't

inflammation,

t^ilL muSfib pl. -n troublemaker,


agitator,

combuation, burning

subverter,

rioter,

mischief-

maker

J^i.

muito't'J burning, ablaze,

on Are
ji Sagara

u (jji*
free,

htgr) to be devoid of

<*J> fa'ntna

pL jOUi fa'dnf1 palm branch


('Id)

fortifications,

be unproteoted (oountry);
vaoant, unoooupied,

OLdl (v) ^-1 aAod Sunday (CAr.)


I>*i

ai-i.

Palm

to

be

open

(aeat, position)

Sa'w'*

(used

attributiveh/

with jU
like)

jjii Svgr vaoanoy (of a position)


_/^Lt

#dra, vj*- or*. **** AaffUa,

and ibe

SQir

empty

and

unproteoted
unoooupied,
kuegii*

large-aoale, devastatlng everything (over

(of

a oountry);
(aeat,

free, vaoant,

a wide area)
jj*i

open
practice
jugglery, leger-

position);

J^

kfwafa

to

vaoanoies

demain, aleight of hand, or magio arte


;jj*i Aj'ioarfa
pl. -dt

*jui iagafa a (&$/) (to


pericardium,
All
i.e.)

hit,

or affect, the

jugglery, leger-

to infatuate, enamor,
(

demain, aleight of hand; magio, magio


arte;

with ardent pasaion

s.o.); pass.

humbug, swindle,

tricks

(L*-)

Ji htgifa bihi (hubban) to lovo

j^l* muSar wi4


gician,

juggler, oonjurer,

ma-

a.o.

or s.th. pasaionately, be
s.o.,

madly

in

practitioner
(f.

of

legerdemain;

love with

be infatuated with or
be
extrexnely
Sugtfa bihi

swindler, triokster
t^i-i

*J>*i*)

enamored of

s.o.,

fond

of s.th. VII JiiiJl


Sagaba, iag~iba a {Qb, Sagab) to disturb
(J**i

the peace,

make

&<>/

perioardium ;

passionate

trouble, Btir

up

riots,

love, paasion, aenanal desire; iniatuation,

cause an uproar, not; to provoke discord, diaaension, or oontroveray

enamorednesa, amoronaneaa; ardent zeal,


oraze, love, pasaion

(among
against),

V J*>
the

*)

1IJ

*
to

make
rebel

trouble, disturb

peaoe;

(J*

Jui Sagif madly in love, infatuated


(<_*

mutiny
i_-i-

with),
*>y)

enamored

(_*

of),

fasoinated

Sagab,

Sab

<V
unrest,
trouble,
riot,

disturbanoe,

diaoord,

diasension ;

JiLbi ia0df pericardium


JtjiJ>

commotion, uproar,
fight, broil,

strife,

tumult; brawl,

Sagf
(-

obseaaed

with

fervent

fracas; row, wrangle, con*

affeotion

for) ;

tention, quarre], oontroveray


t_^LLi

uated
agitator,

(<-.

with),

madly enamored

in love, infat{<-

of)
{<->

Safflb

trouhlemaker,

JtyJL*
of),

maSguf pasaionately fond

aubverter

Vj*^ tagb cauaing mueh noise and


unrest, riotoua, turbulent, troubloua

madly in love, infatuated (<- with), enamored <t_* of), fascinated (_* by)
Jii fagala a
(i-t

(ktgl,

Svgl) to ocoupy,

buay

i^Ll*

maigib*

troublea,

disordera,

a.o.

with); to preoooupy

( a.o.),

disturbancen

keep

(* s.o.)

buay, give

s.o.)

trouble;

; ;

;;

J"
to distraot, divert, alienate (j
hold,

476

s.o.

work, run, operate, be in Operation, be


in

from

a.th.);

to occupy,

fill,

have
the

motion (maohine, and the lue)

JjI

(* offloe,
All

seat, pontion);

to take ap,
(*

*JJ (qaibuk) to be uneasy, apprehensive,

(*

fl.th.)

engste, engross

worried; j
a.th.

*j

Jiil

to be distraoted

by

attention); to engage, tie

down
be

(* foreea

from
tuQl

of the Opponent);

paaa.

SuQa to

oooupy

o.g.,

buay

o.a.,

buay

J
(y.

oocupancy,

Alling,

taking

{<->

up ; detention, prevention, distraction


from);

with), be engaged in; to be taken up,

(pl.

JLil

aSQl,

J>S

occupied (^ by,
iS*)

e.g.,

ground by build-

SufiU) oooupation, aotivity; work, job;


busineaa, Cancern
is
|

0*
|

*i

l^

* k dutraeted

by

a.th.
o.a.,

J*U
a.th.

Jli that whioh

firom

*
with,

J*i

to

oooupy

uppermost

in one'a

mind, ohief or

busy

o.s.

work at f attend to
diacomfit,

foremost

conoern;

which

preoo-

JUt

to

disquiet,

make

oupies s.o. 's

mind or
JLil

diatraota s.o.

(j

uneasy,
(tragt)

trouble, disturb; J

cJJ\ Jii
to busy,

from);

SU

(Uqqa)

hard labor;
Jl*'

to devote tims to
(s.o.),

II

UU

JLil {'Ornma) or i-y^

CmS.

ooonpy

engage, engrosa (*s.th.);

mfya) publio works; j>ij Jii (yadawt)

to employ
( for s.o.);

( s.o.),

provide employment
( s.o.)

handwork; manual labor;


(colloq.,

Oj

J*i

yad

to put

to work,

make

used appositionally) handmade;

(*

a machine) work, put


run, start (*

in Operation,
;

make

a machine) to make,
III

J j
jp Ji^
pied
a.th.;

preoooupied (j- with), concerned

(j* about);

Jii

j buay, oocupied with;

produce, manufacture, fabrieate (* a.th.)


to invest (*

S" to be too busy or preocou-

money)

to hold in play, to distraot


(

(lj

with) to be able to attend to


(jJI

keep oocupied, divert


( s.o.)

( s.o.);

*Li

iam

Sutflaka

mind your

IT to occupy, busy, employ


All,

own

busineai!

s.o.);

to oooupy, hold,

have

(*

an
Jlii SafflU very busy; hard-working,
industrious, diligent, laborious,

affloe,

position) ; to (*

fill,

take

up

(* a.th.),

active;

engage, engroas
cover
(t->

the

attention);

to

being in Operation, running(of a machine)


(pl. -fi)

* a apace with a building or


fill

worker, workman, laborer


*

buUdings), occupy, take up,

(y * a

Space with); to take, take up, reqnire


(* time); to engage, tie

Jj

so^ifpl.

(syr.)

worker, workman,

down
s.o.

(* forces

of

laborer, (lowly)

employee
(of

the Opponent); to distraot, divert, alienate, entioe

J^U
vessel)

M$l mainsheet

a sailing

away

{je-

from)

Jiil

JUI to

disquiet, discomfit,

make uneasy,
TI to occupy

Jii* mafyal

pl.

JilA* moAlffrf1 Work-

trouble, disturb, prooocupy


o.a.,

shop; workhouse

busy

o.s.,

be oocupied or busy, be

preocoupied (y with), be engaged (v in), attend, devote o.a. ( to a.th.) ; to pretend

kl* mafyala
pation,

pl. JilJL*

maiQW

ocou '

avooation,

aotivity,
effort,

buainess,

to be busy VII to oooupy

o.s.,

busy

o.a.,
(*-

conoern,
di Version,

work,

job;

ezertion;

be occupied or busy, be preocoupied


with); to be

distraction,

preocoupation,

oonoemed (y about) Till to


o.a.,

disturbance
Jjlj
taffil

busy buay
in),

o.a.,

oooupy

be occupied or

employment, occupation;
as

(4* or

with), be engaged
o.a.
(

(y or j
to a.th.);

providing of employment, provision of

attend, devote

(y

or

work; hiring

(of s.o.,

a worker);

to work; to study

J under or with); to

opening, starting, putting into Operation

477

production,

manufacture,

making;

in-

*Jti

o0ix i (iJ^Li fu/fi/, JuJt ia/f/, JulA

vestment (of money)


JUiJl in&Ql (state of) being busy or
occupied;
oooupation,
aotivity;

ia/a/) to

be thin, flimsy; to be transpartransluoid,

ent,

diaphanous,
let

pelluoid

over-

to

(j*

s.th.)

shimmer

through,

charge, overwork ; apprehension, oonoern,

reveal, disclose, betray (j* s.th.) Till to

anxiety
JUiil
i&tiQl (state of)

drink

up,

drain,

empty

(*

s.th.);

to

eat up, devour (* s.th.)

being busy or

to look (*

through
ocoupied;

s.th.,

e.g.,

work,

oooupation

through a piece of

(<_>

or

fabrio in order to ascertain its quality);

with, at); syntactioal regimen, govern-

ment

(of

a word by another; gram,)


pl.

to have a glimpse

(* of s.th.),

hope

(*

for s.th.); to try to see (*

through

s.th.),

J*U

SQil

Jilp
s.o.,

SawOgiP
engrosses

that
s.o.'s

seek to penetrate (* s.th.); to peroeive,


discern,

which preoccnpies
attention takes

make out

(* s.th.);

to shimmer

up

s.o. 's

time; oocn-

(,y through
s.th.);

s.th.),

show

(^

through

pation, aotivity;

objeot of oonoern or

to manifest

itself,

beoome tangible,

worry;
tions
|

pl.

Ji-lp distractions, preoccupa^l*Li ii-j


.

perceptible, noticeable
ijul Soff,

j c*

he found distraoJJt

tion from' it in
(oZ/t

.;

j* J*li

j*
fabric,

Hff gauze

pl.

tjZ Suff diaphanous

3^*/n)

he had a thoueand other

thinga to think of than...;


<l

JiU
hia

jJ"l jtT

jjtil Safaf transparenoy, transluoenoe,

(akbara Sfolin)

it

was

greatest

diaphaneity
JuJ* Saflf thin

worry
J^JL*

flimsy translucent,

maSfrl

busy,

oooupied

(<-

transparent, diaphanous
Jiji-i Suff transparenoy, translucence,

with);

distraoted,

diverted
(seat,
line,
|

(j* from);

occupied,

taken

Bpaoe) ;

busy,

diaphaneity

occupied (telephone

and the Uke);

Suffa the rest in the glass

worked on, processed


ious,

JUI J^ anxJiLLl Safff thin, flimsy, transluoent,


transparent, diaphanous
5JLL5

apprehensire, concerned, worried;

ILJlj l^JUI

oV>iil

(iahabiya, fiftya)

gold and silver work

Saffya

transparenoy,

trana-

Jj ma^liya anxiety, apprehension, concern

lucence, diaphaneity

C-
(,_

fifi

pl.

CjjaX

Suft

(eg.)

pinoers,

J* j

mu&agaX employee, worker


or

tweezen

Jiii- mu&tag busy, occupied

jj

Saftara to pout, sulk

with);

in

Operation,

running (of a
*jj Safira thick Up

machine)

o/a pl. ILS &/dA,

ilij^ Safawt lip;


('u/yd)

rim, edge

LUI iJI

upper

lip,

^1
i.

Ulli

(*/&) lower lip;


<jLS

^Vl i
i.

ai-arnab harelip;

cJu

Mn*

word

Li Safr pl. jLLil

aSfr palpebral margin from

^yLLt, ULLi, ,^4^$


i^ji-i see

and

whioh the eyelashes grow, (outer) edge


^iLL. see *ii

of the eyelid; edge, rim, border, fringe


jj-i

jii
Sufr
pl.

jLLil

aSfdr

palpebral

'JJUi

Xaf'if

2
,

J4I

Safyif2

Ups

margin from whioh the eyelashes grow,

478

(outer)

edge of the eyelid; edge, rim,

*-i fa/T pl.

Sufa''* mediator,

border, fringe;

labium

(anal.)

interceasor, advocate; patron saint [Chr.)

holder of the right of pre-emption, pre-

;>i Safra
razor blade;
jjUI
ijii-

pl. Safart,

jUi

Sifr large

emptor

knife; blade (of a sword, of a knife);


(pl.

jUi) brink, edge, verge

S*Ui Safa mediation,


|

interoession,

abyaa Jp on the brink of the

advocacy
JLi
Sdfi*

jUi Sar palpebral margin from whioh


the eyelashea grow; (outer) edge of the
eyelida; edge, rim, border, fringe

mediator, interceasor, adof

vocate;

holder

the

right

of

pre-

emption, pre-emptor
jil!Jl

jkL

mfar

pl.

>li*

maffir*

flew,

aS-Sfi'i

founder

of

one of

chap; trunk, snout, proboeois

the four

orthodox Islamio schoola of


(pl. -n,

theology; ^ili Shafiitic;

^]^>

^ti

(Fr. chiffre) cipher,

code
in

Sawfi'*) adherent of the Shafiitic chool,

^jjti
~*jXi>

/fi
Jtifra

ciphered, coded,

code

Shafiite

>t maSf" accompanied


cipher, code

(w

by),

attended, combined

(w

with)

Jlki SafSafa to dry, dry out, parch, drain


(* s.th.)

pity
suck, suck up, absorb;
to to

IV to pity, oommiserate (Jp s.o.), feel Bympathize (J* with); (Jp for),
be
ooncerned (Jl that,
(Jl that,

Safafa to

empty, drain; to Bip

worry

iUUi
jUJl
J.

Safffa pl. -t eiphon

J*
*lLii

for,

j*

s.o.,

Jp about) (jl that, Jp about), fear s.th.), be apprehenBive,

feel

al-gubr

vacuum

cleaner
to

anxiety (J* about, j* as a result of); to shun, shirk (o- a.th.), beware
(j- of), be on one's guard (j* against)

ia/a'o a (*>/*)

to double (* s.th.);

attach, add, subjoin

(v

* to th B <th.),

jii
duBk
|

Safaq
J>i-.l

evening

glow,
(janbi)

twilight,

encloae (u> * in s.th. s.th.); to give the


(right of) pre-emption
s.th.),

JJI
JiiJl J*^Jl

aurora aurora
polar of

(w

to a.o. on

australia;

JUJl
^iJl

{Samli)

grant

{. b.o.)

the

first refusal

(w

borealia;
light;

(u#)

of

B.th.);

(^

Saf'a) to mediate,

lfi\

ji

Twilight

the

use one'a good

offices,

put in a good

Gods

word, intercede, intervene, plead (J or j for or on behalf of s.o., Jl with s.o. eise)

care

Safaqa

oompassion, oommiserakind(li)nesB, tender -

tion, pity,

aympathy,

to mediate, use one's good offices,

ness, affeotionatenesa, solioitude, loving


|

put in a good word, intercede, intervene, plead (Jl J or

iiJI r-i* pitiless, mercileas


a/tig

for or

on behalf
Jji
ic,

of

s.o.

with

compaasionate, sympathet-

s.o. eise)

affectionate, tender, aolioitous, kind(ly)

Saf

pl.

ll

aSf',

Hfs:

either part of a pair; even

number

j a A* fo/w
io,

compaasionate, aympathet-

affectionate, tender, solicitous, kind(ly)

Saf diplopia, double viaion of a

Single object

JUil /f oompassion, pity, pathy; tenderness, affectionatenesa care,


;

sym-

yuli Saft even (of a number)


(

solicitude; conoern, worry, anxiety, ap-

iii Suf'a (right of) pre-emption

prehension

479

ji

U Sdfin proud
Bpeak (mouth to mouth)
(

thirst for revenge, vent one's anger, take


it

out
iL-

(>

on)

to seek a eure
healing,
restoration,

<ii III to
s.o.)

to

Ufa*

eure,

recovery,

recuperation,

convalescenoe

Ui pl.
L

Ui,

C-.l^i-l

866 ",_**
(in

satisfaction, gratifioation; (pl. *-LZ\ aSfiya,

^ Ifl/aAl lip-,labiooral;
L5

Compounds),

JUI aSn) remedy, medicament, medication, medicine


j

labial;

fiiJI

the orals

(=
f,

oral
|

ILiil

JjU curable
ourative,

examination);
5 |.tll
;

L^ii Safahiyan orally


the
labiala
b,

(jUi
cative

f't

healing,

medi-

tjij^l

m,

(phon.)

UUi

Ji- maifan
Kfhan orally
i_J

pl. <JiLl

maMfin

hospital

^L
(
orally
44JIL.

taSaffin

gratifioation

of

one's

Jt/dAt

oral;

,jUlJI

the

orals

thirst for revenge, satisfaction

oral examination);

LulLi Hfhlyan

Ull*l

istfS

seeking

of

cure;

cure, (oourse of) treatment

muJd/oAoton orally

JU
jii IV to be very
^Lll *iU
(J* to s.th.), be on the verge, on the brink of s.th. (J*) |
close
J*.
**

Sfin

healing,

ourative,

medi-

cative, salutory; aatisfactory, clear, un-

equivocal (of an answer)

^i>\

(hjfat al-ya's)

he

brought him to the brink of despair

Jil mtMfai/a
.

pl.

ol.iit.. mitstaS*
|

fayt hospital; field hospital; Banitorium

Ui

Jfafan

pl.

Ll

aJ/'

edge,

rim,

vi^
jp Saqqa

'

J^*

insane

asylum,

mental

border, brink, verge


tSji-

hospital

Safawt lip-, labio- (in Compounds),


oral;
>j^J-i

(049) to split, cleave. part, tear,

labial;

l^i Safawlyan
the
labials
6,

orally
/,

rend, rip (* s.th.); to break


to plow,
tili,

(* s.th.);

*i>Jl
(jjAon.)

m,

w
to

break up (* the ground);


orosa
(* s.th.); to

to furrow, traveree,

JlI

mujn moribund, doomed

pasB, go, travel (* through a region); to

death
J-i ja/d

break (dawn);
forth,

(3j* Suqq) to break

shoot up, aprout (plant), break

(Ui A/*)

to cure (i>

BO

of

through, erupt (tooth);

disease),

heal (^*

s.o.

of a disease,
well, reatore

(&49> **^ maiaqqa) to be heavy, oppressive, burdensome, unbearable (J* for s.o.); to grieve, (J* s.o.); to molest, harass,
s.o.),

a a wound),
( s.o.)

make

( b.o.)

to health;

pass. Svfiya to

be

trouble

healed, be cured, be reatored to health,


recover,
heal,

inconvenience (J*

be troublesome,
to
|

convalesce,

recuperate;
|

to

heal

up (wound)

(*LU)

il*

Ji

cumbersome (J* for s.o.), call (J* upon


as a sign of

s.o.);
b.o.)

viait

(J*

l^-- cSS-

(guttatah) to

quench one's

thirst, gratify

(jaibah) to tear the front of the

garment

one's desire, satiefy one's thirst for re-

mourning (woman) ; ^Li- ji

venge; ,y *LLe J-i {gaifah)


one's
s.o.

to

vent

to cut, or open, a

way

for o.a.

j$LJ\

jJ

anger

on

b.o.,

take

it

out

on

to break the silence; (li^i) UjLi j-i to


build
one's

V and

VIII to be cured, be healed,


(-*

streeb (a road);

j^L

J-i to foroe

be reatored to health
revenge,

by); to take
aatisfy

way, plow ahead;

IjjJU-

avenge

o.a.,

one's

to open up, or enter npon, a

li^ ji new path

480

(flg.);

UJI

('oft)

to part from the

HZ

htqqa

pl.

ji* hiqaq

trouble, toil,

Community, break with the Community;


vUJI

labor, diffioulty, hardahip; diffioult jour-

ji fo
to

f-foTo)

to

rebel,

ney; deatination of a journey; distanoe


liill
-Uj

ravolt, renounoe allegianoe; fjil\ Ltf


(*aa

tp

bu'i

al-fuqqa
diatance;

(and ai-Kqqa)
Jl

I-oaum)

eow

disoord

among
he did
jj

large

or

wide

Xm

b.

people;

>jU ,p L (JuMroAum)
their

af-faqja (and ai-Kqqa) far away, diatant,

not

reach

mark;
is

jU

remote

(yu&fav
II

jutdruAfi) he

unaurpaasable,

jjj
on
one
the

aafi}

half,

moiety;

(pl.

il

he is incomparable, there is no one like him


to aplit ( s.th.) ; to

agga, ll aJo#f *)

fll brother,

brother
aide;

tew open,

rip open,

patemal

and

maternal

alit

open

( >.th.)

to be plit, be oleft;

(attributively) brother-, siater-;


|

anembrother
the
sia-

to

Bplit, split,

oraok,

bunt; to be eracked

TU

to

be

be
off,

oleft;

to spt, orack, bunt;

J.'*

11

jkill

(ftifr)

the

oountry;

UJtill

JjJI

(oVtool)

to plit

separate, aegregate, seoede,

ter etatea (eep. with referenoe to

Arab

break away, withdraw (j from), break


(j* with), renounoe (je a.th.); to beoome

oountriea)

a sohismatie (Chr.); to break (dawn)

J
fll

Saqiqa

pl.

-dl,

jJU-1

kufi'iq'

.Lu
raJuAfi)

8 *

;l

('oaUwn)

they

feil

out

aiater,

siater

on the patemal and


|

(with one another);

tjj* iUjI (mal*


he

he exploded (with anger),

matemal aide; hemiorania, migraine j^JI jJlU $. an-nu'mJn red anemones


(6ol.)

blew hia top VIII to derive (j. a word


from)

Jl

oaofo^

more troubleaome, more


difficult,
pl.

ji iaqq
ohink,

pl.

Jj
rent,

iuffia; fiaaure.

orack,

tireaome,

more

harder
jli. moiilH*

orevioe,
Bplit,

rift,

oleft,

orevasae,

iL.

maiaqqa

-dl,

ohaam,
alot;

tear,

rip,

gap,

alit,

trouble, toil, labor, diffioulty, hardahip

half,

moiety;
|

aide,

fiaiion, aplitting,

eraoking, oleavage

*jill

&
|

jl
oord

atjA}

diaunity,

diseenaion,

dis-

i.

od-rfarro

atomio

flssion

jljl inqSq Separation, aegregation,

Ji
I.

hqq

half,

part,

portiou;

diasodation, split; aohiam (Car.); diseenaion, disoord, disunion

trouble, diffioulty, hardahip

i^ijUl!

jJ

al-mu'tnxfa Opposition party;

...

u-ii^ JM VI (HU bi-tP !</). .Pi ^^l only with great effort, with great
difBoulty, barely
~u-

jll
(of

itttod;

derivation,

etymology

a word)

JIS Mgig troubleaome, toilaome, wearitear,


rip,
fiaaure,

iaqqa

rift,

aome,

oumberaome,
arduoua,

tireaome,

tedious,

oraek, spt, orevioe

fatiguing,

oneroua, diffioult,

i jjo
a
half,

pl.

jii %a?, jl Jijg


hardahip; diffioult
dia*

hard

lila Jliil

hard labor

moiety; pieoe; aplinter; trouble,

jUL. jil*

muMqq

aohiamatio (Car.)
derivative {gram.)

toil, labor, diffioulty,

tR-uilago; pl. -dl

joumey; deatination of a journey;


tanoe

fi IT to aend
diatant place (
Siqya,
flat,

far
a.o.)

away, remove to a

ment,

taqp
a

pl.

Jit Kqaq apartapartment; oom-

split-level

J>i

htqiuf

pl.

Jiilii soadjt/* a kind of

partmeut

(in

train)

481

j~ Saqira a
htqra)

(Sogar)

and Saqura u (S^


fair

Ui SaqS and l Saqan misfortune,


distress,

to

be

of

oomplexion,

be

misery,

wretchedness,

pain,

light-skinned; to be blond, fair-haired

suffering ; hardship, trouble, toil, drudgery

j Sogar fair-complexionednesB; blond~*j2J>

Ji

Saqiy

pl.

LLil atqiy** unhappy,

unlucky, miserable, wretohed, distressed;


Sugra fair-complexionedness ; blond-

damned; wretch,
chievous

villain, culprit, criminal,

ness; redne&s

acoundrel, rogue; nasty, naughty, misf.

^1

aiqar*,

\j Saqr'', pl._^J htqr

fair-oomplexioned, light-skinned; blond,


fair-haired; reddish

> Saqwa misfortune,

distress,

misery

yl

Saqtoa

misfortune,

distress,

jjii Sagraga to be gay, oheerful, be ezbilarated,

misery; mischief, nastiness, naughtiness

amuae
to

o.a.

! Sakka u

(Sakk) to pierce,

transnz
(<_*

Ji
j*

SaqSaqa
(<_*

twitter, peep,

ohirp; to
|

s.o.

<_*

with); to impale, spit

a s.th.

babble

s.th.);
J-JLi

to peep, break (dawn)

on); to prick, stab {* s.th.);


(-

to doubt

ti-j -- Lj

to chat, chatter about

or

s.o., s.th.);
(<->

to distrust, suspect,
s.o., s.th.),

fl.th.

question
SagSaga
pl.
-<U
(silly)

or

entertain

UJt

twitter(ing),

doubts, have misgivings (u or


s.o.,

about

peep(ing), chirp(ing);

about
(

s.th.);
s.o.)

to be skeptioal II to
s.th.),

prattle; pl.

J-iL Sag&ig* rigmarole, rambling talk


Ol
8.

make
|

doubt (j

fiU

Ul

it\

s.o.)
(silly)

prattle; jl+JI

with doubt, misgivings, skepticism,

~*~*W.

an-nahr daybreak, peep of dawn


UJt SigSiga
pl.

suspioion (J about)
s.o., s.th.),

to doubt
(t-*

(_

or

have doubts

or

J about);
doubt,
|

J-iL SaqSiq* faucal

to be skeptical, have misgivings

bag of the camel

dU
J^ &?a/
(coli.; n.

&U
JJLi

pl.

ii_i

hikk

im.

!)

(pot)sherds

uncertainty,

suspioion,

misgiving

^Li

Ulli Suqfa (pot)sherds


1

iU

(6-W),

dU

Sakka,

JiU

%# shekel
plummet
things upside down,

V> w-Z ji j* min dni S. without


(Ajfcto),

iU

doubt, doubtless, undoubtedly, indubitably,


4-i

JjiLi ASyfii plumbline,


i_~Ui Saqldba to

certainly,
(aatnla)

positively;

Jl

J_a-

dLlll

doubtless, indubitable,
dLiJI

tum

beyond any doubt;

<J

j^j V
(with the

upset things
toppled; to

taSaqlaba to be upset, be

(yatafarraqu, Sakku) do.

tum

a Bomersault
Bomersault

*i

Ajifci stab, thrust, jab

1JLL5 Saglaba pl. -<B

point of a weapon)
liJExJLj

(_^L5

and Ji) l a?<S u (_> &?w) to make s.o.) unhappy, miserable, wretched,
(

toioifcufc

doubt; skepticism
doubt, skep-

distress

s.o.);

iiLi

Skk doubting, in
|

Ji

Saqiya a (.l
tical

Saq% !jl Saqwa, I^ oguu) to be

*JI 4L5

or

"UI

llli

unhappy, miserable, wretohed,


to have trouble
(_*

armed to the
*-

teeth, bristling

with arms
doubtful,
(amrikl)

distressed;
iijSll.

with, in s.th.) IT to

mafkk

fihi

make

( s.o.)

unhappy, miserable, wretch-

dubious, uncertain; *^l


Buspect(ed)

j iljfLt.

ed, distress (* s.o.)

ib
*!J& Sakkaka
(eg.)

to seil

on

credit; to

buy

uSj.

Sakia pl.

IJ

SJ. hika malioious,


morose,

on

credit; to

borrow
(eg.)

spiteful, querulous, quarrelsome, peevish,

dJ. Sukuk

on

petulant,
credit

ill-tempered,

surly,

sullen, sulky,

grumpy, unfriendly
malice,
apite,

ib

(Fr.

eaejw)

pl.

d&Z

check

*J&J>
lousness,

iakaa

queruill-

jS fafctra
(J or

(JfuJfcr,

iji btkrn) to thank


for a.th.),

peeviahness,

petulance,

s.o.,

J or J or *

be

temperedness,
sullennesa,

moroaeness,

surliness,

thankful, grateful (J or

to

s.o.,

J* or

sulkineea,

grumpiness,

un-

J or a for
(J or
. b.o.)

a.th.);
|

to praise, laud, eztol

friendliness ; rudeness
*

4-Uj^iJ (yuikaru) worthy


acknowledgment,
praiseworthy

<"i

-*-

muikasa
dispute,

pl.

-t

quarrel,
;

of thanka,
meritorioua,
(

deeerving

controveroy,

wrangle

plot,

V to thank

conspiraoy; moroaeness, surliness, grumpiness;

s.o. for s.th.),

be thankful, grateful

petulance,

nagging,

queruloua-

{*

J to

b.o. for s.th.)


pl.

ness

j&. hikr
edgment;
hikran

jj&

Sukr thankfulness,

^SltS taihu

incongruity, absurdity

gratefulnesa, gratitude; thanks, acknowlpraiae,


I

laudation

<M
!

[*

^Sj^U and
JS^l SaJcala

^JjSCi look

up

alphabetically

lata

thank

you

thanks

~iij~- IjSCi

*j> to expreas

many thanka

(Satt)

to

hobble (JI^UL
Sikl,

an animal

with

the

q.v.);

to

tO 8.0.

vowel, point, provide with vowel points


(*

<jj. btkti of thanks, thanking

text); to

be dubious, ambiguou,
obscure,
intricate,

[z
fulness,

btkrn

thankfulness,

grate-

equivocal,
difficult II

vague,

gratitude;

thanks,

aoknowl-

I;

to shape, fashion, form,

edgment;

praise, laudation

create, mold, organize, build

up

(* s.th.);
(*
s.th.),

to diveraify, vary,

variegate

jjSJ- iakr very thankful


J?\J. fkir thankful, grateful

bring variety
similar
{*,
*

(* into s.th.)

III

to be
re-

to

s.o.,

to

B.th.),

jlt*

ffloifcflr

worthy

of

thanka,

semble
a.th. (*,

{*, * s.o., s.th.),


)

be Iike

s.o.

or

deaerving acknowledgment, meritorioua,

IV to be dubious, ambiguouB,
vague,
obscure,
intricate,

praiseworthy
KjSiX Hkra
pl.

equivocal,
difficult

J&i-

Sak'ir*

(eg.)

sack,

s.o.) V to be formed, (J for faahioned, ahaped, molded, oreated, or-

gunny sack
s

ganized,

built

up,

take

form,

take

jl^

look up alphabetically

shape; to be variegated, shaded, graded,

form various gradations; to materialize,


'l^Sw look up alphabetically
appear in
visible

form (J to

s.o.)
|

SJ. Aakuaa u (1-I&S iakaa) and Sakisa a lJ


(Sakaa) to

4&J
X

JSCiJ (bi-Saklihi)
b.o.,

to take on the
s.th.

shape of

aaaume the form of

be maliciouB,

spiteful, queruill-

to regard as dubious (* s.th.);

IV

loua, quarrelsome, peevish, petulant,

tempered, morose, surly, sollen, sulky,

ji

Sakl pl. Jlfcil aikl,

6JJ. sukl

grumpy, unfriendly
to quarrel
(with
(

III to pick
s.o.)

a quarrel,

similarity, resemblanoe, likeneas;

outward

with

VI to quarrel
be
querulous,

appearance, flgure, form, Bhape, build;

one

another),

form of peroeption, perceptual form


opposed to matter or content;

(as

quarrelsome, petulant ; to be incongruous

philoa.);

; ; ;

483

P
i^i- muikHa pl. -t, JflL. mafkiP problem, unaolved question, issue; diffioulty

type, cut, pattern; mode, manner; sort,

und, gpecimen
ing;

JO vowelization, vowel|

^Ci

fonnally, in form
like

-+lB^ilj j>

they and the

of them
pl.

Ji
malitiea

&>JfcI

formal;

oUCi

f-Z
for-

iahama u (iahm) to
to bribe
(. a.o.) (* i.o.);

bridle (*

an animal);

to ailenoe, gag, muzzle

O JO iakliya formalism
JSli

*^Li iakima

pl.

ffc
bit,

iak'im*,

Ci

Hkl ooquetry, ooquettiahneaa


Saka
fliit

Subum,
co-

-i Sakim

ourb,

snaffle,

bridoon;(pl. jrMt)

S-i
quette,

ooquettiah

woman,

brake (ofawheel);
obatinacy
S*-SjlJI
-u.l-

unrulinesa,

unyieldingneaa,
{

oontempt, disdain, aoorn


quarrelaome, peeviah

JSLi

fofctt

stubborn,
i*-Lill

obstinate,
ai-i.

unyielding;

_J

J5U
bobble
animal)

JiidZ pl. -#,


(for ahaekling

Ji

qwat
ai-i.

energy; i*Xil! jji


vigorous,
s.th.),

fefcuZ

fetter,

qawty

the feet of a riding

energetic,

aotive
like

*&
tailcti pl. -dt

III

to

resemble

(*

be

J-&J
ahaping,

forming, formation,

s.th. (*)

molding, fashioning, oreation,


(jj.)

Ki

iakd

Organization, building

up Order of march
;

{j&

ialcw,

j,j$J,

Sakw,
iakiya)

tCi iakh,

VGiZ,

Mkdya,
*,
.

iXt
of,

(mil.); pl. 0">LSllj formationa; organiza-

tiona

to oomplain (j- or or Jl to
a.o. t

about,

> or *
*

of or about

s.th.),

iLSjLJ

folHJa

assortment,

seleotion,

make a oomplaint;
complaint

to raiae or lodge a
of,

variety; formation

(^ or *,
Jl

about or againat
to suffer (* from

i Li*

muSkala

similarity,

resem-

s.o.,

J or

with
I;

s.o.);

blance, likenees

a.th.)

VI to complain to one
a.th.)

another (*
JtCil
iikl

of,

about

Till

dubiosity,

ambiguity,
j5li
(pl.

obscurity, vagueness

iakwa

oomplaint,

grievanoe;

ol^li iakawtU, .ll Kkc?) small

JSLU
I
(pl.

taikvl

similarity,

resemblance

akin (for water or milk)

15

Mkiia

way

manner,

mode
|

iSj& Sakw
plaint;

pl.

jjbO

Sakw oom-

Jf l^i
J*
like,
|f

iatCTi/1 )

flank, aide, groin


of,

acouaation; suffering, grievance

<
of,

Li

in the

^U
J*.

manner
J of

of the kind

ti

iakh

complaint ;

accusation

their kind, like

them; JTU
kind, of the

suffering, grievance

uK" to be of the same


Btrain aa s.th.
different, diverse,
;

same

;-*

iikya

complaint;

accusation;

suffering, grievanoe

JCl* muiakkal
fold,

mani-

miaceUaneona, variegated

vowel-

i-O
Ki

iaktya

complaint ;

accusation

(iz)ed

suffering, grievance

jCi* muih turbid, murky


vague,

(liquid);

iakk*

given

to

complaining,

dubioua, ambiguous, equivooal, obscure,

querulous

hazy;

diffloult,

intricate,

in-

Ixl*

miSkh

pl.

C>ljti_
(for a

mkwt,

volved, problematie; problem, unaolved


queation, iaaue; difficolty

iJLt-.

maikin niche

lamp); lamp,

pendent lamp

^
illi

S&kin

oomplainant,

plaintiff

^U

haha a

(foih) to

take off {*AJ liydbak


(*),

one's
(4^) _>S^-

olothee);

to shed the oloth

maikw

oomplained

renounoe the ministry (monk,


of,

priest) II to

acoused, oharged; an aoouaed, defendant


,iki* muttakin oomplainant, plaintiff
4_L*

undress, disrobe, strip

s.o.);

to rob,

plunder

( s.o.)

Li maSlah

pl.

LL.

ma&ik

(*yr.,

Jil* muitojban

'aiaihi

oomplained

mjd.) long,

flowing

cloak

of wool

or

of,

acoused,

oharged; an aoouaed, de-

oamel's hau*, also one with gold embroi-

fendant
Ijj

dery
ohioory
(&/.)*

jSw Hkriyd

mJjJ
robbery
(*yr.),

taflih

robbing,

plundering,

tf'&Ci *WWto

hSUUa
see

chocolate

Li

mviaUak

dressing

room

(in

^i^Li and
cally)

Ji^

oijf IS (alphabeti-

publio bath)

JU
Ji fao a (&U, J Salal) to dry up, wither, beoome crippled, stunted; to be paralyzed, be lame;
(*
B.th.)
|

Salktia to dribble, triokle

Uli

JSfa (razor)

blade
to split lengthwise (*

Salla
J-i

to paralyze

cS>
s.o.,

(/wrafcjtaAfi)
s.o.

to to

\*jU Salaqa
B.th.)

(Saiq)

overwhelm

bring

down IV

cause (a the hand) to wither; to paralyze


(* s.th.)
still
;

jLi bale
1

(e.g.,

of hay)

to neutralize, bring to

a stand-

(*

s.th.)

Tu

to

be paralyzed, be

JJp

AiuZagt person with

a sweet tooth

lamed
<ii
Ali.

ijlj*
1

look up alphabetioally
look up alphabetioally

Saa destination (of a journey)


hila
ooil,
pl.

J_^i

JU

Hlal hank, skein (of


L-t look

yarn);

spool; party, group


paralysis,
|

up alphabetioally

JLi

Salal

palsy,

para1.

jU

(Engl.)

pl. -dt Shilling

lyzaon

(also flg.)

JUU^I Jli
JUJt

al-

jLi ltf

pl. *Ail

od* oorpse

(esp.

one

in

aifl, J-iI

JUJI

(tifli)

infantile paralysia,

State of deoay) ; severed

member
;

(of the

Poliomyelitis;

tfjij^l

(ihtdzl)

body) part torn


;

off,

fragment remnant

paralysis agitans, Parkinson's disease


J-^Ll

stump of a Umb
jl.l-S

Saudi pl. -dt cataract, waterfall, (Turk.

eiW) SiUk

(eg.)

strawberries

rapid

Jil

ola",

f.

.*

JWW

withered,

-J

Samma
(Ist
-r*

(Ist pera.
perf.

perf.

iamimtu) a and

stunted
paralytio

(hand);

paralyzed,

lame;

pers.

Samamtu)
smell,
sniff

u
(*

{Samm,
s.th.);

JSamim)

to

to snuff (* s.th.); to

emanate,
j^-JI

exude

J^li- maSU paralyzed, lame

(ja from)

Wl
(Ist

or

(hawtfa)

^U
X

aia&I dandyish, foppish;

dandy, fop;

to get a breath of fresh air, take a walk;

(pal.) nice,

handaome, beautiful

famma

pers.

perf.

Samimtu) a
proudly
or

II to kiok
pl. -<K,

(fj haughtily,

ktmam)

to

behave

be proud,

haughty, superto smell,

U fetta

C-U lat mattress

cilious

to give (*

* s.o. s.th.)

48S

let

f.

g.o.)

smell

(*

s.th.)

IV
(*),

II

c^

samite a

(^Ir-

samt,

Sir-

jarndto)
s.o.

T
(*

to savor the smeli of s.th.


s.th.)
|

sniff

to rejoioe at the misfortune of


gloat
s.o.'s
s.o.)

(u),

jU^I ^J3

to nose about

over
(i^i)

s.o.'s

(ij)

mishaps,

savor
(

for

news VIII to

smell, sniff (* s.th.);

bad luok

II to

disappoint

to gather, underetand (j- * s.th. from),

IV to cause

s.o. ()

to take malioioua

read (j- *
fi>

s.th. into)

pleaeure in the mishaps of another (v) aense of smell,

Samm
|

smelling;

oL* Samt
freude
ij'ljr

malioious joy,

Schaden-

olfaotion

-ill

-i

Egyptan populr
following the

holiday on the

Monday
Easter
at

Greek
Maroh,
ir
1

Coptio

the

end

Samdta malioious joy, Schaden-

of

in April or in early

May
smell,

freude, malioe

Samma pinoh

-U Sm
(of enoff);
*i-*l^-i

pl.

j\s-

Summt,

pl.

f.

odor; slight traoe of s.th., whiff

savdfntf1 enjoying another's mis-

fortune, malioious, gloating


^r-

,y Sammt
I*

olfaotory

Jamaj a (am&, ^r- lumfl^) to be


high, tall, lofty, tower up,
tain,

Samam

pride, haughtineas, super-

loom (moun-

ciliousness
plr"

Sammm Sammm
aSamm,

pl.

-n (tobaooo) snuffer
nn.
)

pLf*

(coli.; n.

musk-

(J* s.th.), turn up one's nose (J at s.th.) Jb ij(<*j'l or) (W-<j*/iAf, anfak) to be arrogant,
|

building);

to

disdain

melon, cantalonpe
^il
f.

haughty, proud, supercilioua VI to be


high,
tall, lofty,

tower up, loom; to be

.l>

aamTOf 1 ,

pl.

boastful, put

ou

airs; to

be proud, haugh-

Summ

having a sensitive, or good, noee;

ty, supercilious
jfLlj

haughty; proud (in a complimentary sense); highborn; most


supercilious,

taimufr

pride,

haughtiness,

arroganoe

honorable

U
plr'Vl

Smik
high,

al-iSmdm

pl.

r-

JFummaj:,
lofty,
|

*l^i

the

pronnnciation

of u with a traoe of ', as rdda for rudda,

owm#
S.

tall,

towering;
Ju^l

and vice
Uli
tion

versa, qla for

qua

proud, haughty, superoilious


al-anf

(gram.)
olfao-

>U

proud, haughty, supercilious,

Smma

sense

of smell,

arrogant
jfL.

mutaSmik

high,

tall,

lofty,

r->

maSmm mosk
jma'ozza to oontract, get oonto shrink back, recoil

towering; proud, haughty, supercilious;

towering in lofty heights


(jlr-) jlr-f

tracted, shrink;

i-i-

muimakirr lofty, towering (of building


gather up,
lift,

(> (^

from), ahudder (j- at), abhor, detest


s.th.), feel

disgust

(^

for),

be nau-

nto

roll

up, tuok up,

seated ( j- by)
jlj^rl

turn up (* a garment); to prepare, get ready j-^ X" *o embark upon s.th.,
I

mxzx shudder;

disgust, aver-

buckle

down

to s.th.;

JcU j*
rolling

^
j*

to

sion,

repugnance

bare the upper


sleeve),
(*.

arm (by

up the

>*-i* muSma*ixz disgusted, nauseated'

get to work; to buckle

Ul o*U
down

revolted

(^

by)

al>jidd)

to a Job,

rally all one's foroes,

put one's Shoulder

UiLf

(Fr.)

sam&anyd ohampagne

to the wheel

to set to work briskly

486

je- Sarnar fennel (bot.)

responding to the sexton or saoristan


(Chr.); aoolyte

and

liturgioal oantor of
rites
(clerics

\Jr Sumra, Samrn fennel

Orients!

Christian

and

jlA jamdr fennel


^- *-

laymen)
in (an

mxtiammir busily at work

^U
a
,

Smis Bunny (day)

activity)

*-

muhnia sunny (day)


sniff (* s.th.)

jj- bmrlf

pl.

jLA

famartj'

BtaJk

~A
.LA

SamSama to
famifa

with dato dster; date-palm


detonator, primer cap
jlAl see jtA

panicle,

branch stripped of ite leaves; little stick;

(famof)

to

beoome gray-

haired, turn gray

LAl ahnaf, ^.A Samam


to

f.

.ILA SamlS', pl.

LA
wax

html, olLA Jumfn gray-haired

(^A

hkmt,

^Lf

Hmt)
A
II to rub, or (< s.th.)
|

smear, with wax, to

be headstrong, balky, restive (of a iamata i u and famita a hone);

'Ai\

^A
off,

(laOa) to slip

away,

(lamat) to be aunny (day) II to expose


( B.th.) to the sun, lay ( B.th.) out in

absoond,

make

deoamp

the Bun to dry; to porform the office of

deaoon (Chr.)

IV to be Bunny (day)
o.s., lie

J- hm', iama' (coli.; n. un. ) pl. ~i tum' wax; (wax) candles jt-1\ sealing wax; ^'1 ^A I. al-fatm

y
do.;

V to

bask, sun

or sit in the sun

i~ij1\

jrJU

^A

(li-lalmf

al-

^
'I I 'I I

Samt
cjf

f.,

pl.

i^jA

Hms
'".s*

ardiya) Soor

wax
amo'o
(n.
'*-''

sun

tarnt ai-i.

ecliptie

(ostron.);

taA oandte

iam'o,
|

un.)
*

(wax)

ijji

sunrise;

,^SJI

4arbat

v[r&

aS-Sarira

al-l.
'I I
*ll

aunstroke,

heat prostration; iL*


ai-f.

spark plug

'abbd

sunflower;

^jji.

*p
of

iam'i,

lama'i
(in

waxy,

waxen,

Bunset
t

ceraceous, cero-

Compounds), made

tS
fl

J
|

ktrtu

aun-

(in

Compounds),
the sun lettora

wax

^l nT

.I I J>j jl*\ (gram.)


l

LA SammS
seller of

ohandler,

maker

or

(which assimilato the

of the article);

oa n dles

S_A
^
.'II

Sjj.

(f&ra)

photograph,

photo;
elA

SammSa

clothes

rack,

clothes

j.j-*1\

photogiaphy
pl.

peg, hat raok


(cooq.

L_A
iamri)

aBHtyo

-l

^lA
r

*-

mufammo'
(of

waterproof,

imper(pl.

sunshade,

parasol;

umbrella;

meable

garment);

-*)

curtain, screen; stop (of a wind instru-

ment)

llLHI

V-A

i.

ai-Subok window

waterproof material; impregnated linen;


waterproof oover or coating; oilcloth,

curtain,

drape;

O
pl.

jUJ'

r-A

* at

wax

oloth; linoleum

fayyr parachute

J-i ^jA c*^*


roof
eovering,
.JiL.

(li-t-mql)

bituminous
feit,

^yj.\Jr

fams

^P

lumtu

head-

roofing

tar

paper;

^JL.

strong, balky, restive (horse)

(mi'faj) raincoat

iamms

pl.

_LA

Sammita

jl.uA lam'atn

pl.

-,

-LeUA

kmXiP,

deacon of the lower rank of the ministry,

Ijlskf' candlestiok,

candelabrnm

nowadays, with unconsecrated peraonB frequently performing this office, cor-

look

up alphabetically

487

jrl

Samila a (famal)

and Samala u (Samt,


contain,

the
Vir*

left {pol); Jlr*

Hmia north of
left;

.;

Jjjr*

$uml)

to

comprise,

JumUan to the
|

northw&rd, to
northeaat;

comprehend, encloae

(* a.th.); to

imply,

the north

J^S

JLr-

(Sarqi)

implicate, include (* s.th.); to touoh, affect,


s.th.,
fill,

J>

Jlr

tforM)

northweet; J^iJI

^Sf

overcome, pervade

(*,

s.o.,

kaxcab ai4. polar atar; J^Jl xJl (yad)

of feelings, einotions); to prevail,


|

the left hand


Jlr* forndti,

be general, universal
'inyatihi)
s.o.,

cLu
one's

4ir*

(6t-

Hmlt northern, northerly,


left;

to
s.o.

bestow

care

on
J*J

north; situated on the


leftist parties (pol.)
|

>J^iJl the

take
to

under one's wing


o.a. in

J^Jjl j^jjl (fa/oj)

<L-iJIj

wrap

the Samta (q.v.)


(_.

VIII

aurora borealis, northern lights


'dj-r

V; to wrap

o.s. (*,

in a.th.);

to contain, comprise, comprehend, enclose,

enfold, imply,

implicate,

include
it

htmll pl JJL> SamOii? amall amount, small quantity; (eg.) iamit

(Jp s.th.) | il^-Jl *Liil (aawdu) completely black


J*-i

was
4

brisk, vivid, agile, lively, nimble


*1*JU, ^UjL.

look up alphabetioally

fand uniting, gathering, concen|

tration ; unity, union

J1JI

*j* 7'am' ai-i. t


f-^*-l

j.U*i iamanoar white beet t ohard


jjJ^f
J

reonion, reunification ; J-iJI


ion ; unity, union
;

reun-

Samandra buoy
(Jbnn):

tLr*

j^

nuizzaga iamia*

ji fonna u

jU

ji

(0<Jratan)

to

h to break up, dismember, dismantle,


parcel s.th.;
s.th.
ilr*
ilr*

make a
on) IV

raid,

an invaaion; to make an

to

partition

e.th.,

divide

attack, launch

up
Samia
pl.

an attack (J* againat,

iamalt cloak; turban famtata

jt Sann
i-i*

pl.

^S lunn

(water)skin

aI

ttfflflui

the world, the

temporal joys
J?l
famd***1
(pl.)

mtianna basket without handles

good

qualities;

tiil look up alphabetioally

character, nature
Jr-1

Li Sana'a a (uLt
more
comprehenaive;
._~i-i

San' an, Santfn) to hate

ahnaP

more

general,

more universal
ezhauative;

Janao

pl. i_jLi(

ain6 mustaohe

J*U dm comprebenaive,

Uii

iinftydn

pl.

>JLi

jandttn*

loose

general, universal, complete, total

trousers resembling pantalets,

worn by

women
J^-l*
included,
rt'dSyaltAi)

maimi contained, compriaed,


implied
|

ol#/,

Jj*i*

(6i-

-li fanija a (Sanaj) to contract, shrink; to


suffer

enjoying
s.o.
;

the

protection

or
in-

from

convulsions

I;

to

patronage of

UJ^tl

oVj*i- the

twibch

herent functiona of an offlce


J*iJL-

P~3
contain-

tafannuj contraction, shriveling,


(of

mu&ini comprising,
(J*
s.th.)

ahrinking

the

Bkin);

convulaire

ing, including

contraction. (of a muscle), twitch, jerk,

J*ii*

mu&wnai

convulsion, spaam,
cottage (for rent)

fit,

cramp

^JtXll
|

t^
^^U^i- muStamaldt content
'Jlr-

(ra'H) clonio spaam; tfjjjSOI p^ilfl

(kuzzi) tonio

spaam
spastic,

Jamal, ItmZ north; north


left

wind; &*
left;

^lU
|

taSannuji

Bpasmodio,

m/

hand;

left

aide;

J^JI

cramplike, paroxysmal, convulsiva

liji^J- Sunfeba

pl.

-^l^ San&b 1

large

Jet

II

li^l J*ii

(ti^Sna)

to

please the

rock, boulder

ears, to delight (of


revile,

a voice)
Sunf earring
(* a.th.,
s.o.

jU

II

to blame, censure,
s.o.)

Blander,

Jc-t Sanf

pl. JyJ-

abuse (J*

Jii sanoga u (fang) to hang

jLi Janr
i5jlii

disgrace, ignominy
Jjt^i arflntg 1

on the gaows)
Jii iong hanging

AwmIWj*

i-i Saniana
crackling
4-il

rustling (of paper)

cracking,

jii Jana? rope

Uli
pl.

mtfnaga

pl.

Jjli-

ma&ni?3

Jtnna

j-Li JawUin' nature,

gallows, gibbet; scaffold, plaoe of exe*

disposition; habit, custom, practica


1

cution (by hanging); gibbet

maSnaqa gallows,

L-i-i

Sunaifa knot; nooee, loop

JjlL> maSnq hanged

ik-J Jan^a

pl. .L-S

Junaf suitcase; satahel;


j

bag, traveling bag

xJI

Jl^-i

#.

aJ-ytuf

_JL Sunqub becassine, snipe (zool.)

handbag
--

jii janfcola
(Ajbo',

(ey.)

to trip

s.o.)

up; to

Sanua u
cious,

!*Li iand'a) to be ugly,

hook up
JSCi-t

abominable, repugrsnt, repulaive, atrohideous,


horrid,
horrible,
dis-

Sankal

pl.

jTLi Amo^*

olothea

graceful;

Sana'a a
(v or
revile,
b,o.)

peg; hook

{San'} to dishonor,
II

disgrace
Blander,

to calumniate,
(J#
s.o.);

^J Sanhaqa to bray (donkey)*


up|-t

defame

to

&xAa gray oolor, gray


i-4-t

pillory, expose,
s.o., s.th.)
*Li.

condemn, denounce (J*


uA&a gray oolor, gray
i-jl+i

Sani'

ugly,

abominable,

repug-

AAd6

pl.

u-^-i
fire;

JruAuA,

jL+i

nant,

repulaive,
horrid,

diBgusting,
horrible,

atrocions,
disgraoeful,

JFuAMn flame, blaze,

shooting star,

bideouB,

luminous meteor; star

ignominious
ltcJ>

^il alhab*,
Svhh

f.

,\tfZ faabd', pl.

Sun'a uglinesa, hideousneaa, hor-

gray; L^JJl

epithet

of

Aleppo

ridnesa, repuleivenesa
JLi

(Syria)

San?

ugly,

abominable,
disgusting,
horrible,

re-

X+Z Sahida
s.th.),

(i^

SvhUd)
(*

to witness (*

pugnant,
doua,

repulaive,

atrodis-

be witness

of B.th.); to exsee with


Situation);

hideous,

horrid,

perienoe personally
one's

{* s.th.)
in

graceful, ignominious

own

eyes

(* s.o.

<*Li

Sana'a

uglinesa,

hideousness,

to

be

preaent

(*

at),

attend

(* a

horridness, repulsiveness
lil

celebration); to be present at the public


aan'o? 1

appearanoe of
ugly,
dia-

s.o.

();

to see {* s.th.);

aSna'*,

f.

l*Li

(ol+l Sahda) to
to
attest,

testify,

bear witness;
{*->

abominable, repugnant,

repulaive,

oonfirm,
testify,

certify

s.th.,

gusting, atrocious, hideous, horrid, horl


rible, disgraceful,

that),

give testimony, give

ignominious
Sanatfib* spicate

*ij*J- foinfba

pl.

v-iLi

evidence (J* against s.o., to or about s.th., J in a.o.'s favor); to sign as a


witness,

protuberance; thorn, spike

to witness

(J* a document);

489

to aoknowledge, adjudge
s.th.)
|

iiU i+i to swear

(^ J to s.o., by God; Ljy\i i+i

place

where a

martyr or hero died;

religious shrine venerated


esp. the

by the

people,

to notarize III to see (with one's


eyes),

own
s.o.)

tomb of a
place

saint; funeral cortege;

view,

ixupeot,

watoh,
(.

observe,

proceesion; view, aspect, speotacle, sight,

witness (* s.th.) IV to oall


as a witness
(

upon

soenery;

or

object

of interest;

J*

for s.th.); paaa. uShida to

scene

(e.g.,

of a orime, of nature); aot,

be martyred, die as a martyr


(

X
or

to call

number

(as part of a
(in
|

program,
theater,

e.g., in

or

*_*

upon
quote

s.o.)

or cite

^
j

s.o.)

vaudevle), scene

as part
(giniCi)

as

witness
oite,

(J* against or for,


(

in);
(e.g.,

of a play); aspect

Jbi x*l*
life

to

i^-w

UT J*.

s.th.);

to atteet

song

scene,

vooal recital;

:U.|

-Uli*

bi-baitin

Je 'al ma'n kaiimatin the meaning of a word by a

m. al-hay&h aapects of
#aLi-

verse); pass. ustuihida to be martyred, die as a


-i^-i

muSahada

seeing, viewing, wit(pl. -l)

martyr

nessing, inspection;

view, sight,

spectacle; apparition, vision 8ahd, hthd pl. >[+Z A'A&i honey;


il#-5l

honeyoomb
-L^-i AzAtfti

iihd pl. -l written oertification

carbunole

>

U"

'"^

isthd

citation,

quotation;

0-4-i

ioAld pl. la^i JuAa<&S' B witness;

death of a martyr; death of a hero,


heroio death;

martyr, one kied in battle with the


infidels;

martyrdom
pl.

one killed in aotton

-uU

Shid

^i
(pl.

fodid,

x^i.

L+ Sakida

(woman) martyr
pl. -t

SuhHad present;

j^i Suhd,

il+il

olfi ioA&ia

testimony, witness,
certif-

evidenoe, deposition; Statement;

aShd) witness (J* for); notary pubo; (pl. a[^i Sawhid*) (piece of) evidence

icate, certification, testimonial, affldavit

attestation,
fioation;

atteet;

credentials,

identi-

(J* for); attestation; quotation serving as textual evidence; testimony; an oblong, upright

(Muslim)

oreed
|

(=

doctrinal

tombstone oL'Vi -uli


|

i.

al-

formula);
ai-iibt

martyrdom
for

oLi^l ol+i
hun

L
as~

ifbt
i.

witness for the prosecution ;


earwitness;
,>JI

n..'l

4*U
al-

evidence
j^Jl
4

the

as-sam*

prosecution;
'a\n,
(,

4*U

I.

i}jLJ\j
sair)

^-

ol^i

L* o*U L 'iyn jL* aU ft'ym)


JJl
-i*li
I.

certificate

of good conduct;
S,

l+i

eyewitness;

an-nafy witness
J*. in public,

J-Ji jp JJI _^U-

kulw

for the defense; il#-i^l


af-faraf 'an

^jjj

-'amal

for
certificate
i^Jlill

of discharge
i^ljjjl

everyone to see
Shida
pl.

(from
(fTio-

a position);

ol^i

J-LkU

a*lp Sawhid* an

wiyo) secondary school diploma; jjj .il^ . 2r false testimony; IiLji Sil^i

oblong, upright tombstone; index finger;


true copy, oopy of a letter, duplicate;
JoaLUI the Earth

J*

indirect
S-1U1
1.

testimony
oJ-'dZtmfyo

(7*1.
(.ffp.)

Zaw) ;

Li
a-

diploma of diploma

higher

learning

(highest

^4^preeenoe

moiAd
of

taking

place
or

in

the

warded by AI Azhar Univeraity); l+i SJU ('liya) diploma; JJI Lji J.


an-nafy evidence for the defense; l^i

spectators

witnesses;
wellI

happening before a large audience,


attended ;

memorable
delicto

(day,

event)

o^l

birth certificate
,

iH^' {A-M 0*")


flagrante
j>UL-

in the act, redhanded,


|

i^l

.^J|

(yaum)

4^*

maShad

pl.

fna&AuP

the

Day

of Resurrection; red-letter day,

place of assembly, assembly, meeting;

festive public holiday

490

j*li*

muhid

pl.

-n

spectator,

*j+Z

hthra

repute,

reputation,

re-

onlooker, observer
j>LLpl.

nown, fame, famousness,


visible,

celebrity; noto|

muShad

perceptible;

riety;

Burname

{8yr.,

Leb.)

5-1U lj+Z

^li*Ll* things seen, Bighta; visible

('lamiya) world-wide renown, world-wide

things

fame
to

j^

Sahara a (Sahr)

make well-known,
(*, * b.o.,

s+Z

Sahir widely

known, well-known,
(<->

famous, renowned, notorious


s.th.);

famous, renowned, celebrated


divulge,

by a

to Bpread,

make known,

name); notoriouB, ill-reputed


j+i\ aShar* better

proclaim, announee (* s.th.); to draw,

known, more widely

unsheathe
to

(*

a weapon); pass. Suhira

known
^Li*
mttSdhara
pl.
-t

be or become well-known, famed,


(t~>

famous, renowned, notorious


for
s.th.
|

by or

monthly
per

respectively,

by or under a
<**"*) to declare

salary; pl.

monthly payments, monthly


muSharatan monthly,

allowances;

name)

*J*
s.o.;

-.A'^

war on
level

*JxJ\ j+Z (bunduqiya) to

month, by the month


jl|-M

known,

a gun (J* at s.o.) II to make wellfamous, renowned, notorious


to spread,

iSHr

announcement,
;

prochv

mation, declaration public aales, auetion


publioity, advertiaing
ifls
^-tAi^/l jLj-il *. al|

(m, s.o., s.th.);

make known,
(* s.th.); to

divulge, proclaim,

announee

notice of bankruptey, declaration of

defame, Blander, revile publicly, pillory,

insolvency
jL^iil iStihr repute, reputation,

condemn,

denounce
(

s.o.)

III

to

engage or hire
basis,

s.o.)

on a monthly

renown,

rent

(*

s.th.)

by

tbe

month

fame, famousness, celebrity; notoriety


jj(--' ma&hr pl. j^*LL* ma&dhir* wellknown, widely known, renowned, famous,

IV to make known, proclaim, announee,


spread, divulge
(* s.th.);

to unsheathe,
at auetion,

draw
also

(*
iljll

a weapon); to
_^il (matda)
bai*i S.)
|

seil

celebrated; notorious, ill-reputed; wide-

^ *!> j*^
off,

spread,

common; a famous,

celebrated

(mazda
put
s.th.

to

auotion s.th.

personality, a celebrity; aoeepted, establiahed, canonical (textual variant, version

up at auetion VIII to be or
well-known,

beoome

famed,
(t-j

famous,

of the Koran) the general

jj+Z J* aooording to
as
it is

renowned, notorious

by or for B.th. respectively, by or under a name); to be known (j* of s.o., a trait, and the
like);

belief,

(was) generally

understood

to be widespread,
pl.

common
Suhr

^jV

muSahhar

well-known,

widely

known, renowned, famous, celebrated


j+Z Sahr
_*il
|

aShur, jj+Z

notorious, ill-reputed

new moon; month honeymoon


^_^i Sahri

J-Jl

j+2- S. al-'asal

j^i Sahaga a
mensal;

monthly,

^.j^
sub-

Sahaqa a
Jl^i

i (

J^A Sahiq)
i

to bray (donkey)

and Sahiqa a
Jl+J
taShq)

(J^
to

Sahiq,

Sahriyan monthly, per month, by the

Suhq,

inhale;

month
jjl^i
i_'

j_^i
|

ill^il

monthly

to sigh deeply; to eob, gulp; to

moan,

scription;

monthly
-'

fee or contribution

niffu

Sahriyin

fortnightly,

groan IV cnJU j^tl (bi-Ubuk') to burst into tears, break out into loud weeping
4j+l

semimonthly, appearing biweekly


*ij+Z Sahrlya

Sdhqa

moan(ing),

groan(ing);

monthly salary

gulping

401

vrul^i
tfjl^-i

J-+* iahlq braying, brays (of a donkey)


sobbing, sota; aigbing, signs; inhalation,

Sahwn*,
iaJidw

f.

^^

SaJiwd,

pl.

oovetous,

greedy; lewd,

breatbing in

leoherous, lasoivious, Ubidtnous, dissolnte,


pl.

JU
lofty,

isXiq

j*!^i

faudAt?1 high,

debauohed

towering
{'Jflw)

(building,

mountain)

Jl^i
|

tahtoSni oovetous, greedy; lewd,

,>Lijie

tremendous height

leoherous, lascivious, Ubidtnous, dissolute,

debauohed;
Jl^t AjudAig* heights

sensual,

sensuous,

lustful,

instinotual, uninhibited

J^i

II

to accelerate, speed up, expedite to remove quiokly, huiry off

^
-4-t

iahly

pleasant,

agreeable,

de-

{* s.th.);
(. S.O.)

sirable; appetizing, inviting, tasty

Sahiya appetite

4-+-JI

f\i

or

J+i

oAtf nimble, swift, quick

L4IJI

-oi L (yaftahu) stimulating the


appetizing;
<*LUI
-~*--JI

<Lf^ uA2a bluish-black oolor of the eye

appetite,
qiiiat ai-S.

*Jj

H-Ha'm want of

appetite

J+il

oJaP,

f.

.^1

ioAM'

having
*j taiahhin greed, avidity, oupidity,

bluish-black eyea
4-t

oraving, desire

zAm

pl .

* L^i

Hhm

perspioaoious,

L^iil iftihtf

greed, oraving, desire, ar-

sagaoious, astute, clever; bold, audacious


energetio; noble, gallant, decent; gentle-

dent wish, longing, yearning, eagerness,


pasaion, oarnal appetite, lust; appetite

man
JU
<*L^i

muiahhin stimulating the appeappetizing; oL+JL. appetizers, rel-

idhma

perspioaoity,

sagacity,

tite,

astuteness,

cleverness;

audacity,

bold*

ishes, hors

d'oeuvres
avid,

ness, gallantry, noble- mindedness; energy,

vigor, verve; decenoy, respeotability

*i*

muahin oovetous, greedy,

oraving, desirous, lustful


J**Li pl. ir^ji- look
(j^i>

up

alphabetioally

and

^)

1^1

JfaJtd

u and

lS

&l*

muSiaJuin

deairable;
(pl.

desired,

kxhiya

weloome, agreeable, pleasant;

'

-*<it

(*^i

iahwa)
s.th.),

to

desire,

wish,
s.th.)

oovet,
II

mukahayt)

that

whioh

is

ooveted,

crave (*

long (* for
fill

to

objeot of desire

make
entioe

oovetous,
{

with desire, allure,

*U AT

(coli.; n.

un.

;U

idh) pl. .1^5 Siw\,

s.o.);
{

to arouse greed, desire,

Li
Jl^i

Siyh sheep; ewe


Hxol
pl. -<U (large)

appetite

in s.o., * for a.th.); to

whet

the appetite, be appetizing (food)

V and

biiocti,

aagk
1

Till to be oovetous, greedy, to long (*


for s.th.),
feel

H^ji)

arave, desire, wish (* s.th.),

-1

**&*
(<_>

(*"*&,

vW

*>*)

to

mix, blend
vitiate,

appetite {* for s.th.)

{yuftdh)
^4-1

^-i ^ an undesirable thing


|

* s.th. with); to adulterate,

*^

oontaminate, spoil, corrupt, polSpot {* s.th.);


|

lute, tarnish, sully, stain,

Sahwa

pl.

SaMawt greed, oraving,

to mix, blend, intermix {* with)

<j> ^

desire,

ardent wish, longing, yearning,

*J\i

blameless,

flawless,

unblemished,

eagernesa, passion, oarnal appetite, lust;

immaoulate
Vj-* Saub
roiling,

appetite

mixture;

tarnishing,

sul-

ifj+i>

Sahwi sensual, sensuous, lustful,

lying,

rendering

turbid;

im*

instinotual, uninhibited

pairment, blemish, flaw; hot wind

<^>y
SJli

492

kfiba pL

^S\ji

iaiaTib*

dirt,

jjjj Hr
^fjjJl

consultation, deliberation,

suis, spot, flaw, blemish, defeot, fault;


suspiaion,

taking oounsel; oounsel; advice

jjjt
|

reuon

for

suspiaion,

suspl-

majl

ai-i.

and

Ujill

iSJj* jAjL

oioos faot

m.
adulterated, vi-

i.

d-daula State oounoil

jji. fflaMi mized;


tiated
|

ifjjZ irl oonsultative, advisory


jj^L.

ry^i l vj^* troubled with worriea

milwr

pl.

_rjLi

maivXr'

U look up alphabetioally
jfcjj foufae;
pl.

errand;

stroke (of an internal- comj|>!ll


f

bustion engine; fecAn.)


jil^S AaudMgf* rolling pin

jUJ jt-

mutarrik
jljiit

JuttA*!

l-m.

two-oyole engine;

iLji Saubat

pl. .iLl^i

fatnJMf

rolling pin

t/^J j*

(ruba*i l-m.) four-oyole

engine

YjJ

II (ep.)

to

grill, broil,

roast ( s.th.)
IjjJL*

mahoara, maSra

pl.

-t

oon-

'ryi fh

(ooll.; n.

un.

) fir,

sapin

sultation, deliberation, oonferenoe; oounsel,

advice, Suggestion

VjJ ttha
~li.see

kite (lool.)
jjLl.

muiawara

pl.

-t consultation,

i
make a
sign, beckon, Signal,
;

deliberation, oonferenoe

jj^

II

to

wink,
s.th.),

jlil

ifra pl.

-t sign,

motion, nod,

blink

Jl

to

s.o.)

to point out to ask

point

(Jl at)

( Jl

wink, wave; gesture; Signal; indication;


allusion, hint, intimation;

s.o. 's ()

advice,

symbolio ezadvice,
order,

seek

s.o.'

()

advice, oonsult (. s.o.);


(

pression;

(silent)

reminder;
Instruction,

to oonsult, take oounsel

with

s.o.),

oounsel,

Suggestion;
|

<_i jjli (naftah) to take oounsel with o.s., refleot, bethink o.s. IT to make a
sign, beokon, Signal,

oommand
telegram,
air-raid

<ij

\j\2-\

(barqlya) telegram,

wire, dispatoh, oable(gram);

vl^
t.
.. ,1

*J^"'

wink, blink (J or Jl
Jl s.o.,

wire; jU-'l

yl

al-ifafar

to

s.o.),

motion (J or

lo do to

waming,
al-waqt

alert;

yll
jlSl

s.th.);

to ask, invite, arge (Jl

s.o.);

sign of the oross {Chr.);


>.

cJJ\ Ja_
time

point, allude (Jl to), hint (Jl at), indioate, point out (J or Jl s.th.), call s.o.'s
(J) attention to (J); to advise
s.o.

</ail

(radio)

Signal;

iSL.'i
oljli^l
ijli^l

!>UI (l-tilktya) radio message;

(v J
sug-

iL* mahaUat
-.1

al-i.

signal post;

of

s.th., Ol

s.o.

to

do

s.th.),

um
SjUVI
Units

ai-i.

demonstrative

(^ J to s.o. s.th., jl J to s.o. to oommand, Order jl or _* J s.o. to do s.th.) ; to State, indioate (v s.th.) L.
gest
dos.th.),
|

pronoun;

ol.u-j

unAaddt
<&ll
oall,

oj-.

signal-oorps

(mtl.);

^*j
s.o.'s

(raAna) at s.o. 's beok

and

at

uLJL. *JI jlij {yuiru, band*) that whioh


is

duposal

pointed at with the finger Ups,

i.e.,

jjUI

t&Iri

(mtl.)

signalman,

member

s.th.

very remarkable,

s.th.

outetand-

of the Signal oorps (Eg. 1939)


j>.jUI iiargi

ing;

J>J

jLtl

L.

(bi-larfln)

he did not
(m.) signalman, of the Signal oorps {Eg.)

member

bat an eye VI to take oounsel, delib*


erate,

oonsult

(j

with

s.o.

about)

X
(

to ask for advice

(. s.o.),
( s.o.)

take oounsel

jjlU

taSwur Joint consultation, de-

with
ijlS

s.o.),

oonsult
pl.

liberation ( with)
jllL.1

Ura

-t

sign, token, distin-

wlWra

pl.

-St

a seeking of
advioe

guishing

mark, badge; guise, outward


|

advice,

oonsultation ;

guidance,

appearanoe

-'I

5jL2 sign of

the oroas

(one reoeives)

493

J*
^\ji- Saudi confuaion, muddle, (stste
of)

^jLJ

istifri consultative,

advisory

jjUl. muSwar adviser, oounselor, oonsultant


j^l*

disorder,

disturbance,

derangement

(e.g.,

of the mind)

muHr

indioative (Jl of); adviser,


field

^\ji-

SavrwM

pl.

Lil^i

SawwHya

oounMlor, Consultant;
It. 1933); Fleet *JI

manhal

a maker of S&Siya's
(8g.;

(see

above)

Admiral (Eg. 1939)


iiaihi

^Ij^J
ailment
ijijZ*

tahvti confuaion, confounding,

jUil

al-muSr

the afore-

muddling ;

disturbance,

derangement

mentioned, the aforesaid, the said


j l.M

musteior

mukmwai
(e.g.,
|

ad viaer,

muddled, jumbled,
;

counselor,

befuddled,

Consultant, oounoilor ; chancellor ; approx.


justice (title; Eg.)
|

confused

disturbed,

de-

ranged
ailing,
ill

ylLJI jLii-. oounselor

of a sensorial function);

of embaasy; i.^ll jLil. m. al-mufaw wa4%ya oounselor of legation


3j

J\ ^^i. m. al-fikr bewildered,

confused, baffled
(jljLt pl'

jlil_ll jIa

dar ai-miMteidrfya offlce

cr!>^ look

up

alphabetioally

of the chancellor, ohancellery

'^ijjU look up alphabetioally

'vjj^ Saurab fiyoatcher


*i j>i Joria
(eg-),

{zool.)

jty
iy-t

Jhtibarak (eg.) small pastry stuffed with


rice

iraba (syr.) and L jji soup

meat and served with milk


Sauf
pl.

Jl^l

lyj-t (Engl.) fort short, short feature

(mo-

aSwf race to a goal;

State, phase; round,


(in Sports

game,

tion piotures)

half, oourse

and games);

goal,

aim

LS

<*jj^

Sawurma see lyjli


f.

(alphabetioally)

(Jj\)

(Xl

(Ijuu) IjjJT ll^i

(taqaddum,

ruqiy)

and

ILI^I

Jj\

l.U

^j^\ aSwaf,
,^-jLil

.L-y

Iniad*', pl.

^y,

4f>,

(maiddni r-rwfiy) to
or headway,

make good
;

progreas
strides,

aidww* proud; bold, audacious,


venturesome
|

advance in great
Li
do.
ILl^il

daring,
oi-Aarb
1

v^'

er-***

'

iwU

ILj^il

ji

(yo^

war heroes
to

fquh) he surpasses him by far


Jl^-1

rj^

II

muddle, confuse, confound,

Suwdf fiame; Are,

fervor, ardor, passion

jumble

(* s.th.), disturb
s.th.)

complicate (*

(J* or * s.th.), to be confused,

Jj^ II to polish (* s.th.); to adorn, deck

confounded, muddled, jumbled, deranged,


disturbed; to feel indisposed, be
,jt
ill

out (U a woman)
antly,
(Jl to)

to look out expeotfor),

longingly (Jl

look forward

expeot, antioipate (Jl s.th.)

L5

Si muslin ; white cloth

UU
and
screen

iia white

cloth;

UUJI

Jj-1 Sauf
ai-SJSa
tjjjj|

harrow

*1i_JI

lMti\ (bajd') (motion picture)

ai-Sf

name

of an

adminis.

trative diatrict of
pl.

Lebanon
view

3-JU tya, S&Hya

^I^i foudft

j-i fou/a (eooj.) sight, speotacle,

a kind of headgear, cap, skulloap

CAiji
Jj-i)
(

&/dn

oats

^jX
i-j-i

SS Maria Theresa dollar (N tjd)


(

Jtt tya u (lauf) to please, delight


s.o.),

A2&

tuft of hair, lock; creat (of

give joy

to s.o.);
oraving,

to

fill

birda)

s.o.)

with

longing,

desire.

*>*
arouae
i.o.)

494

longing,

craving,
(

desire

ia

spur (of a rooater); fork; fishbone; furor


of
fighting,

IT

to

All

s.o.)

with longing,

bravura,

bravery,

valor,

craving, desire, arouae longing, craving,


desire
(*

verve, dash, elan; might, power

in s.o.)

V and
*
for),

VIII to long,
crave, oovet,

Sythe

Sauki
j

thorny,

spiky,

priokly,
fruit of

yearn

(Jl

or

*,

spiny; spinal

&Jt jdl ()
(Opuntia

desire ardently (Jl or > s.th.)

Indian
60*.);

fig

ficus-indica

J^- Saug pl. Jlpl ahoq longing, yearning, craving, desire,

Haw.;

wish

cord; *Jd\

*& ^^
Sj^

$j2 JJ-I (habl) apinal {humm,mul&iya)


(med.);
j_j*JI

desirona,

J_ Sayyiq longing, yearning, craving oovetoue brilliant, gorgeous,


;

oerebroBpinal meningitia
j^Jjl

('amS)

vertebral oolumn,

baok-

bone; spine;
splendid oord

}*^' (%*&**) spinal

Ji>Jj

taJkoiq

arouBing of desire,
thrilling,

of
i]ji.

longing; faacination,

awaken-

Sawik

thorny,

spiky,

prickly,

ing of ezoitement, of eagerneas


J^JLI

spiny
dlflfi

AT*

thorny,

spiky,

priokly,
difftii-aU

taiawumq

longing,

yearning,
spiny;
oult
|

delioate,

ticklish,

critioal,
pl.

desire, inolination, craving,

eagemeas

iUU dL

(sk)

&*U

jLLil iMiyq longing, yearning, desire,


inolination, craving, eagerneas

barbed wire
ii[j* Saukar&n

poiaon
bot,)

hemlook (Conium

j!U

i&'iq

arousing longing, atimu-

maculatum;

lating desire ; brilliant, gorgeous, splendid,

beautiful
JjJL*

^JP) JU a u
muiaw%oiq
arouaing
desire

(iaul) to rise,
lift
|

be raied,
s.th.);

or

elevated; to raiae,

(* or

<->

to

carry
longing; thrilling, exciting, fasoinating,

(iory a.th.)
dead
in
II to

uIm

cJU

(na'dmo*

absorbing, stimulating, atirring, attracti ve,

tuh) he

went away, departed; he died,

interesting ;

muiaunoaq

be
filled

is

beoome
III

sparte, soaroe,

with longing
(Jlof)

(Jl for), desiroos,

covetoua

short
( s.o.)

supply

to attaok, assaU

IT to

raise, lift (* s.th.); to carry

(* B.th.)

Jlil

muMaq

longing, yearning, crav-

Jji iaw nimble,

adroit, swift, quick,

ing, desiroua,

covetoua

expeditious (at work)

(iljty ilLt

Ska u (Sauk) to sting, prick, hurt,


(<-*

Jip

Sawtol pl.

-dt

^Jji

atvwiP,

injure, pieroe

s.o.

with a thorn, a
to be thorny; to

also Ji^lli

Shawwal, name of the tenth

needle,

and the
B.th.)

like) II

month of the Muslim year


JLl*

stud (*
ating,
s.o.

with thorna or apikes; to


injure,

maiOl oarrying,

carriage,

oon-

prick, hurt,

pieroe

(y

veyanoe, transportation (of loads) ; porterage, oarrving ohargea


a

with a thorn, with a needle) IT to

ating, prick, hurt, injure

il^

jaufc

(ooll.;

n. un.

:)

pl.

iJJpl

JU

pL J-^Li look up alphabetioally

a&wdk thorns,
Bpines;

spikes,

prioka,
|

prickles,

*^\ji look

up alphabetioally

flahbone;

forka

iJjJjl

J on

tenterhooks, on pins

and needles

Jjp
Iji.

Sautaqt person with a sweet tooth

iS^i iauha (n. un.) thorn, spike, prick,


prickle, spine, ating, point; tine, prong;

Saulam darnel (Lolium temulentum;


bot.);

a variety of vetoh

496

Li
f *L- Bee
%

^LiJI, t/Li pl. #l^i, -.ji. 866 pli

**!>- pl*

*ji>

'i-^i Stoma stick, oudgel

tSjt
(*
e.

Saua

(ji Sayy) to broil, grill, roast

(a II to garner, atore
th., esp. grain)

meat)
*\jX
iiuxS*,

fuwa

*j^i

iffijta

pl.

-eU,

_^ Juwan

broiled, or
|

grilled,
j.

(<.)

meat, and the like


aujuq grilled sauaagea

storehouae, granary, ahed, barn


)-tijZ

jj^JI

,lp

aa-

Sawandar white beet, chard

^ji- ktwiy broiled, grilled, roasted

*ji iawiha

o (JawoA) and

Li

AAo

(ij-t

t^i

jfawh pl.

tfjZ.

iatoan aoalp
grill

iauA) to be or become ugly, miashapen,

"<Afi

iawxoya gridiron,

deformed, defaced, diafigured, distorted,

malformed
defaoe,

II

to

diafigure,

deform
{*

1\jLa
grill

miiwh

pl.

jLl*

maiwin

gridiron,

diatort,

mar, mutilate

s.o.,

* s.th., esp. the face); to revile, Blander,

tfisee^t
'v*>

defame
caat)
|

s.o.);
1

to jam

(l*lil
l-h.)

a broadto distort

UJU-

**-j

ji {wajha
**-j

oL-

aee

^
o (i^i. moii'a) to want; to
l
ia

the

truth ;

*zjJ*j

j--

to diagrace
(Li) Li S'a

one's profession
*ji.

== I

wiah (*

s.th.,
it

that)

-il

.Li 61

(in)

ktwah

uglinesa,

misshapenness,

God
hope

willing;
so;
4)1

to be hoped; I (vre)

malibrmation, deformity, diangurement,


distortion, perveraion
ji\

Li

how
Sauh'*,
pl.

long aoever)

U whatever (howaoever, God intend (used to


various,

ahvdh*,

f.

Up

expresa an indefinite quantity, amount,

Sh

miashapen,

malformed,

ugly,

dia-

number, or period of time);


sundry,
also,
all

figured, deformed, diafeatured, defaced

kinds

of,

God knows what;


4il

distorted, perverted

exclamation of aurprise: amazing!


right! good! bravo!
all

that'e

Li

L.

Jl

<lj^i

ta&wih

deformation,

disfig-

forever and ever, for

time and time


L.

urement, defacement, amation; crippledness


jJtj

mutilation ;

def-

to

come;

j-iii)l

*J

Li

jiJ

(laffaga,

Ufiqu) to fabticate the


lies

most outrageous

ta&awwuh

uglinesa, misshapennesa,

malformation, deformity, disfigurement,


distortion, perveraion

<ji

jfai'

pl.

Li!

aiya* thing; aome| .

thing;

(with neg.) nothing


little,
.

^,

^
a

Saih misshapen, malformed, ugly, disfigured, deformed, diafeatured, de


<*Li

aome, a

a certain (amount
.

of),

considerable

.;

iLUI

,^i

(nodfty)

faced; distorted, perverted


ji.

aome
defaced

activity;

jUJl j*

(qalaq)

aome
all;

uneasinesa,

aome anxiety;

muHawwah

diafigured,

^ j^
thia

deformed; mutilated, maimed; misshap


en, malformed, ugly; distorted, pervert

^1
j-*

(jahd)
*tj-

without any effort at

iJ'Jj

^
^
is

li*

(^or)

and

that are two entirely different


(or

thiuga
ia

ed

i_jjJ-l

jJL-

m. al-harb diaabled

(in

mattere);

^.Vl

aotive aervice) ; diaabled veteran


'Li look

there

a.th.

wrong, there
*<j-"

fly in

the ointment;

up alphabetioally

o**i bv'a SS. to a oertain extent,

little,

aomewhat; ^j,

^ J

in negain

Li

(n. un.) see **1

tive aentencea: not in

any way;

no

b
way, by no means, not at
least;
e.g.,
all,

not in the
6**1 )
4~Jl
. . .

<Lt look up aiphabetioally


C*jJ>
Sit

,> jiS' iULJI

*& J*

very, extremely,

^ J?
or
liil

*J

>
much

pl.

Cjtf^-i fuytt chintz, printed

oalioo (eg.)

very simple; j&>\ *^1\ the most;


^>

^
by

(afbahu JfaCin) very


li-i

like

"^

II

(tan.)

to dry, blot (* s.th.) IV to


(.->

ji
bit

Jm

U-i

(fa-Sai'an)

turn
face,

away, avert
j from)

the

eyes,

one's

bit,

one after the other, by and


#ji

by.
nil,

gradually;

l-iai'

a nothing,
8 ~~S

-Li Sayyh

blotting paper

nonentity; nothing (in Sport scoring);

^^Jl

the

nothing ;
;

^
only
it is

V
very

l-Sai'a

AA an

oriental variety of

wormwood

nothing (aa objeot)


(Saint S-fai'i
*i5^ u*4
i*

j*-JI ,yJI

j*

*!/

(bot.)

l-yartr)

little;

(~S)

^U &&a

nothing,

quence;

iJli

^ ^i

ii

of no oonaethis haa

(^

SayaJp,

*^-i hiyfya, grow


old;

**-ji*~

Sai]f$a)

to age,

to

attain a venerable age

absolutely nothing to do with that

^i
J-i
lot'l objeotive, factual
: -.--

Saijf pl.

j-i &*y, ^Lil

oiyd:,

maiyaha,

li maMyi}?,

lL*

Vj*N

l-&aCiya nonexistence,

noth-

ma&TiP an elderly,
old

venerable gentleman;
ohieftain, sheik,

ingness, nihility, nullity

man;

eider;

ohief,

^ juyat'
ijj-i

little

thing, trifle

patriarch,

head

(of a tribe); title of the

htxvayya

(colloq.)

little,

ruler of
bit,

any one of the sheikdoms along


title

somewhat
Sxi.

the Persian Gulf ;


volition,
will

of native soholars

trained in the traditional sciencea suoh aa


;

moii'a
|

wish,

clerical djgnitaries,

members of a religious
master; master
(pari.)
|

desire

*ii

&1* Ood

wling

order, professors of Bpiritual institutions

'(v*i)

v li

Atta

(Ab, i^i Aia, ^JL.

of higher learning, eto.


of

rnab)

to

become white-haired, gray(hair);

an order (Sufism); Senator

haired; to turn white or gray


to grow old, to age; to

jf\jj\ ^-Ul (aruzz asmar),


(abya4)
(eg-)

ui^\

jjl ^iJl

make
II

white-

populr names for oertain


jJl

haired; to bleaoh (* s.th.)


(

to

make
(*)

rice dishes;
(xool.);JlJ\

^i

S.

al-bahr sea oalf

s.o.)

white-haired,

oauae

s.o.'s

fei i.al-balad ohief ofavillage,


*aU.-Jl
i-i
$.

hair to

tum

white

(grief)

IV

II

village
title

mayor;

as-9ajjda

of the leaders of certain derviah

i_^ Saib grayness of the hair, gray

Orders in their oapaoity of inheritors of

oi white hair; old age

Lii

Saiba

variety

of
bot.)

artemisia

the founder's prayer rg; f^-1/l fe* Sal-idm aheikh ul-Islam, formerly, eep.
in medieval

(Artemiaia arboreaoena L.;


u-*Al

Egypt,

title

of the Grand

aiyab*,

f.

Lxi AiiM', pl.


(hair)
;

^
man

Mufti, the spiritual head of Islam, later

Mb

white,

gray

white-haired,

being

bestowed

gray-haired (person); old, aged; old


t_

clusively

tinople

more and more exupon the Mufti of GonstanOttoman Empire the in


the
chief

- wJW

grayness

of

the hair,

title

of

mufti in

Tunisia;

gray or white hair; old age


fcJLJ

ooll

inspector of police (Mar.);


profesaoriate, or fao-

AT&

white, gray (hair); whiteulty,


j-j-JI

haired, gray-haired (person); old, aged;

of the Great
(pl.

Mosque
title

in

Tunis;

old

man

of majesty)

of a ruler

er
among the
^^Jjl majlis
inhabitants
ai-Jf.

of Nejd; ^-L^

(J^i)

iLt

Sofa

(J,

&#)
II;

to burn (esp.

Senate
-dt

food) II to burn slightly, singe, scoroh,


old, or alderly,

i^-i Saijfa pl.

an

sear (* s.th.) IV

V
be

=
up,

1;

.WliL-l

vornan, a matron
i^U-i Hydfpa
position,

L-
or dignity, of

(Qadaban)

to

or
fly

beoome
off the

fuming with rage,


handle
jL-i
II tafaifana

flare

a aheik
-i &tfl$a old age, senility
Saifftiffi

to behave like a devil


pl.

senile,

chaAicteristio

ulL~5 Saifn

O^Li jaydn 1

Shaitan,

of old age U*JL> ma&ydfsa


offlee,
pl.
-<,

Satan, devil, fiend

lii ma6y%&

jlL-i Saifni satanio, devilish, fiendish;

or dignity, of a aheik; aheikdom

demonic, demoniac,
*'}**

hellish, infernal

(in general, speeif.,

any one of the semiSaitana


devilry,
villainy, dirty

independent territories on the Persian


Gulf);

an

administrative

subdivision

trick

(Tun.); professoriate (e.g., of AI Azhar)


{xJ.) oLi

(^i)

_Lt

Sd'a

(^i

Sai',

Ssda

% (xJ. Said)

to erect, set up,

Bpread,

be

divulged,

^jj> Suy ) to become known,


(out),

construet, build (m an edifice,


like)
II

and the

become publio (news); to spread


diffuse
(

1;

IV

I;

**

or /"Jb aLil

j over)
s.th.;

to

fill,

pervade, dominate

(bi-4%krihl) to oelebrate, praise,


s.o. s.o.

commend

(j

s.o.,

of a feeling);

f Lt to be

or

s.th.,

speak in glowing terms of

generally attributable, be generally applicable

or s.th.

to

s.th.;

*j

f-Li

to

spread,

aJ-

Hd

divulge, publicize, circulate s.th.;


plaster (of a wall); plaster of
s.th.

make
publio

known,
II

bring
see
(

s.th.
s.o.)

to
off,

Paris; mortar

notice
J-xiJ

to
(

escort,

taiyid

ereotion,

setting

up,

aecompany
(

s.o.);

to

bid

farewell

construetion, building (of

an

edifice)

to

s.o.);

to

pay

(.

the deceased) the


(*,

Lil Uda praise, commendation, ex-

last

honora; to send

s.o.,
J

s.th.);

tolment
-UL*
(of

(<^j

of
high, lofty, imposing

to adhere (* to a faction)
Suyyi'at

jbU

c-*-i

-janzatu the

deceased

was

muktyyad

escorted to his final resting place, the


funeral took place III to follow (J# s.o. in), adapt o.s. (J* . to s.o. in); to

a atmeture)

jlj^t Sirz* Shiraz (city in

SW

Iran)

conform,
rj^- Sxraj sesame
Ij-J-

fall in

(J*

with

s.o.

in);

to

oil

Hra a refreshment (made of

fruit juice)

aide (J* *, * with s.o., with s.th. in), take sides (J* *, for b.o., for s.th. in)

IT to spread, divulge, publish, publicize,

^jhir^ Hzofrniy sohizophrenia


1
I

make known,
Venetian
fencing

bring

to public

notice,
(

J*~ SU
blind
|

foil,

rapier;

Jalousie,

circulate (- or i s.th.)

V to
in),

aide

j J

^UiJ\

Im mu'aim

with
(

b.o.,

with

s.th.

ai-S.

take

sides

instruetor;

J^\ oJ

la'bat ai-S. fenoing,

j J

for s.o., for s.th. in), join (J s.o.,

swordplay
*<U2.

s.th.,

a faction), make
s.o.);

common

cause,
Shiite;

hold (J with

to

become a

fa

bottle of the narghile; nar^iile,

to pretend to be a Shiite TI to

come to

hookah

an agreement

J*. in,

about)

er
i*-i
Sl'a
pl.

498

itya'

followers,

m^ZI.

muta&ayyi' partial; partisan


mtt&t*

adherents,

disciples,

faction,

party,

'--

partner, co- partner, oo-

sect ; **-dl the faction of Ali, the Shiah,

owner
<J*_i II

the Shiites (that branch of the Muslima

who

recognize Ali, the Prophet's son-in-

to cut up, chop or

lice (* fruit)

law, as his rightful successor); pl. 9-Lil

-jLil a&yf

(pl.) cuts, slices

aiyS adherents,

followers, partisans

OjjLi Slfn chiffon (fabric)


._i ii'i Shiitic; {pl. -n) Shiite

f Li Hy'
(jur.)

Community

(of property)

j-i see 3j^

i^U
hiy' publicity, spread, circula|

(Fr.)
tiJLil

Hk

chic

9j

aSyaP very

chic

tion (of news)

f^-iJt

J*

in

common,
liLS
(Fr. ehkque) iSk, iik pl. -t check
|

^Li

jointly, in Joint

S*-LJi traveler's check

^j^
(pl.

Suy'l communistic, communiBt;

-n) a

communist

\jjj$Lj> (It. cicoria) Sikriy chicory

4-*^
xj

Suy'iya

communism
f.

^V^Lt

Siklta {syr.) chocolate

iaiyx*: Ijbi-I a-x-Ij

al-janza fu-

^J-i) JLi Aa

to carry, convey, transport


elevate,
Lift

neral, burial
jLL*

(* s.tb.); to raise,

(i s.th.)

muSya'a partisanship, partiality

ILi
ilLi

ata pl. -t load,


Sti/dJa

brden
oaxriage,
;

iiUl

i&Ta
(of

spreading,

publioation,

carrying,

conpor-

circulation

newB)

rumor;

news,

veyance, tranaportation (of loads)


terage, carrying charges

information

O -*L-I
n_,*."

iS'iya colleotivism {pol.)


partiality,

JLi

Sayyl

pl.

-n,

-JLi

Sayyla

fo&yyu* partisanship,

porter, carrier

bias (J for)

<JLi Sayyla suspender

j'U
public ;
Joint
9-_jjJ1
|

&''

widespread;

(wcll-)known,

JLi-

mai/

carrying,

carriage,

con-

general,
jl
-jLiJl

universal ;
it is

common,
. .

veyance, tranaportation (of loads); porterage, carrying charges

rumored that

.;

jU widely known, widespread,


Jl^-i-Vl

"Jli

pl. u'iLi

look up alphabetically
darnel

oommon; commonly
LS

Vt in general
;

use,
ill*

used, generally aeeepted

Li Sailam
bot.);

(Lolium

temulentum;

(m*7fc) Joint

property
pl.
-t,

a variety of vetch
(coli.; n.

**Jli

AYa

wj^i

lauw'i' 1

LLi SUmn
JJi Alf Chile

un.

!) steel

girdere

(*r.)

rumor
*jLl*

muSyi* partial; adherent, par(~i)


j.Li

tisan

lrna

to look out (* for), be on


s.th.),

*Ll. muS* widespread; (well-)known,

the lookout, watch; to ezpect (*

public ;
Joint;

general,
Joint
(or

universal ;
colleotive)
;

common,
ownership,

hope

(* for)

4, _*

Sima

pl. *J-

iiyam natura, temper,


habit,

joint tenancy (Isl.

Law) public property,

disposition,

character;

custom,

public

domain

practice

409

i.U fOma
birthxnark

pl.

-, *\Z

Alm mole, nevus,

&

JSain

disfigurement, marring, dis-

honoring, disgraoing; disgraoe, shame


pl.

L*i

Amtya

^Li Jaydmi

(.)

Tor-

J>\

S'in

dishonorable,

scandalous,

tex, whirlpool,
i*i*

eddy
pl.

disgraoeful

mama

^i.

marn, rlt*

0<.i*

mu&ayyin dishonorable, scandal-

maiyim* plaoenta
'(j^i)

ous, diagraceful

0U

Sana

(&_

Ann) to
T

disfigure,
{, *

"0;-5

An namo

of the letter

disfeature,
s.o., s.th.)

mar, dishonor, disgraoe


|

42*tr

OU

(sum atah) to de-

jU
Li

look up alphabetically
pl.

tract from s.o.'b good reputation II == I

of U, see ji

^0 abbreviation of
book)
<-

fafha page (of a

IL*

(It. sola) fiia pl. -t hall,

large

room room

ijjJL* filn salon, parlor, reoeption

abbreviation of

4jjJI

JjX_ pundq

ij>JL# *jj* 'arabat

f.

parlor oar, olub car

al-barid poet-office box, p. o. b.

L.L* see ily* pamla


v!j~* fiu'Ob (coli.; n. un. Lx^ fiibdn nit
;)

pl.

OLL*

pi'bn,

(jL* fa'
bird)

J^ px'f y)

to twitter, chirp (of a

^jL see j*^

t_*-*

pabba

(pabb) to pour,

pour

forth, cast,

empty,

fiU

(j *

s.th. into);

to impose,
s.o.
i

^L*

jkJ;

thin sheet iron; bread tin, baking

^
IjUII

4-L (baHTan) a trial


to

upon

tin

^Li* ^L*
phi

(muffotta')

corrugated iron

commit an
out,

assault;

t_#

($abb)

^L* l y
jL#
<Z4

t^-

to
1j

y fhibi

be poured

pour

forth,
s.o.),

shed,

name
in

of the letter
order,
right,

^
proper,

flow (j into); to befall (J*

upon
sound,

s.o.

(Jp);

come
perf.

(Ist

pera.

L# &
police

fabibtu)

regulr, Standard; a rank in

army and
captain

(Jl s.o.)

a (IjL* pabba) to Iove ardently V to pour forth, shed, flow; to


be bathed
|

(intermediate

between

drip, overflow (* with),

(* in);
i_-i

and major); a naval rank intermediate between lieutenant and lieutenant Commander (Eg.) L# 1U ('umla) Standard
|

to dissolve, melt, deliquesce


('araqan)

l*^

"

to be wet with Perspiration,

break into a sweat VII to be poured out,

currency
piaster

pour

forth,

flow,

shed,

effuse,

j-L,

J,J.

(QirS)

Standard

gush

^-Ut

J^U

(Turk.

sakol

ajfast)

out; to be intent, be bent (J* or Jl on}, be out for (Jp or Jl); to apply o.s. (J* or Jl to s.th.), study, endeavor J or Jl {
to

military rank Intermediate between captain

be or do
(

s.th.); to

be aimed, direoted,

and major

(Eg.)

oriented

Jp

at) f

bear upon <J*)

600

,_

-,w

fiabb

pouriog; casting, founding


flow,

into a Situation), reaoh a State,

oome

(of

metal); out;

guah; outpour,

to a point where turn;


|

.;

to beoome, grow,

effusion; ardently in love,

enamored

hr

fabab

pl.

vW-*' <mW& deolivity;

dope,

incline, hillside

.-u* fabib

poured out, shed,

spilled;

^L-Jl ^*\ (fiabhu) it to be beoame morning; j*- J pr^ * have a good morning, begin the day happily; at jvtJ ~**j (tujbih) parting word
night :

may you

be

well

tbmorrow
Iji

blood; Bweat, Perspiration


i,l_> pabdba ardent love, fervent long-

morning!

lil

Lijj

^r+\

*LJu

(ams) he does

it

momings and

evenings,

ing
*jL# fvbba rest, remaindar,

he does

it all

the time, inoessantly; -*'

remnant
mafbb*
(of

jJ.1

(haqqu)

truth has

oome to

light;
jl

^^a
outlet,
river,

matabb
esoape,

pl.

-t,

v -**
1

Jmu
>y~j

--j i he
*i

no longer did

(so); ~-*j

it

no longer existed VIII to


light
(*

drain;
;

mouth

have a morning draught; to


s.th.,
e.g.,

and the

like)

drainpipe ; funnel
(lj s.th.)

a lamp); to uae for lighting


to begin the day
pl.

Vjr-** mtybib lead (metal) ; pl. oIjj-aoaat-metal goods, foundry producta

-^

pubh

^U*

afbh

da wn

L*

paba'a

(\>r* fub*) to

grow

(tooth,

day break; morning;


paJdt af-p.)
4j*-**

(ellipt.

for ^--Jl !^L#


(at

nail),
(

sprout (plant);

fabaa a to turn
see

morning prayer

dawn)

Jl to,

toward) Sabian; Mandaean,


the

pvbha early morning breakfast,


;

*jL*

fin

morning meal

following
4jLII

-L>
a$-9dbi*a

fabh

morning; LU# fabdhan


|

the

Sabians,

desig1)

in the in

morning

L-.

^L. pabha mtu'a

nation of two different secta:

the

the

morning and in the evening,


rjJI rW-* &&&* morning; j\ iU-L-*,

Mandaeans, a Judaeo-Christian gnostio,


baptist eot in

momings and evenings;


ha l-yaum
sX\j_

Mesopotamia (Christians

this

of St. John), used in thia sense in the

^U*

(bi-l-kair)

good morning!

Koran. 2) The Sabians of Harran, a pagan seot extant as Ute as the 11 th


oentury A. D.

L#

(*tm) do.

,jf- L-

soMAi morning

(adj.)

^U* ?uMA and uU-


to offer a morning
i-

aoAJuln',

f.

-y+ pabaha a
draught
(

(fiabh)

to

s.o.);

fabuha u (VL*
to

1|

i-

o&Jbd

pretty, oomely,

handaome,

beautiful, graoeful
-*.*

pabdha) to be beautiful, graoeful, hand-

aaMJh

pl.

^l*

fftMA

pretty,

some,
radiant

oomely,
(face)
(* (

pretty;
II

beam,

be

oomely, handsome, beautiful, graoeful

to

offer

a morning
in

draught

to

s.o.); s.o.);

to to

oome
III

the

'tvU
grace

#o6dAa

beauty,

gracefulneas,

morning

to

wish a

good
**}-*i

morning ( J or
he attends to

to

s.o.)

v^.J

a&iAa morning

it

momings and

evenings,
r~<* sa6fl
ful as the early

morning draught; beautiday, radiant, bright


pl.

he

ia

oonstantly,
it

inceasantly oooupied

with

IV to enter upou morning; to

wake up, be awake, be in one's sensee;


to be or or

-L
lamp;
light (of

mifb&h

jL**

ma^MA*

become
in

olear; to

beoome, be,

light,

luminary

(also flg.); head|

happen

the morning; to get (j

an automobile)

SUV1

^Lr-**

601

&
JL-+
fiabbr (very)

incandescent light, light bulb ;


(kaSSf) searchlight;

il*.C-l
>

m.

patient, enduring,

JL^T ^U*.

(ftdU
t- 1
.

perseverant, steadfast

rabat) eleotrio light, light bulh;


St-^i

m-

d^.j^ {yadawl)

jL** fubr, fubbdr Indian


flcus-indica; bot.)

fig

eleotrio flaahlight

(Opuntia

rL**l ifbh

moming

s~*
^L-^-l
ing
|

pubbair Indian fig (Opuntia ficus-

igtifbdh

Illumination,

light-

indioa; bot.)

^L^l-I/I

jU

illuminating gas

r^~** mupbah j^m

moming
to bind,
tie,

Jjr* tabr

pl.

j^m pubur (very) patient,

enduring, perseverant, steadfast


fetter,

pabara
{

($abr)
s.o.);

SjL* pabra
!j*~*j tabxra

and pabrra severe cold


(eg.)

shackle

to be patient, be for-

bearing, have

patience,

take patience,
patiently

light

meal

in the

persevere
stoutly,

to

bear calmly ,
s.th.);

forenoon, a snack
*j

endure (J*
to

to

refrain,

L**

mufbara

long-suffering,

lon-

abstain, desist (j* from), renounce (a*


s.th.);
s.o.),

ganimity, endurance, perseverance, patience, forbearance

hold one'a
(J

own
II

(J

againat
(*

withstand

s.o.)

to ask

jU-*l

itfibr

patience,

s.o.)

to be patient; to admonish

forbearance,

( s.o.)

endurance, perseverance
j-L* pbir patient, long-Buffering, enduring, perseverant, steadfast

to

be

patient
(*

to

console,

comfort,
(* s.th.)

solace

the heart); to

make

durable; to conserve (* s.th.); to preserve, can (* s.th.)


eg.)
|

*j

j^

(batnah;

oIj^a. mupobbari conserves, canned

to have a snack III to vie in pa(

gooda
2

tience

with

s.o.);

to

bear

stoutly

V to be

patient, be forbearing,

have or

jr*

fabbara to ballast (* a ship)

take patience, persevere VIII


j-->
fiabr

V
pa-

b.M^ fbra
g~0 paba'a a
r

ballast of a ship

fettering,

ahackling;

(fab

tience,

forbearance;

to point with the flnger

composure, equafirmness;
self-

nimity,
control,

steadfastneas,
seif-

com man d,

(J* or <~> at); to insert one's finger (U into the hen, so as to asoertain whether
she
is

self-possession

perseverance,
\j**
in

going to lay an egg)


pl.

endurance,

hardiness
|

*Jsi

qataiah pabran
J,

to

kill

s.o.

*! ipba'
(also
|-juLI1

*LI apbi'* finger; toe


i.

captivity;
it!

jw

)}

(fabra) I cannot

*^*l

al-qadam);
|

a linear
a- gL|

bear
af-f.

tbis is unbearable! _tuaJ1 <U qiat

measure (Eg.;

3.125cm)

impatience; jv*JI

J- impatient;

^IkJI French
lipstick;

fried potatoea;

y^l

^1
<J

*j^

Ji qaUa pabruh to be impatient;


;

,>*JI

gL*\

a.

as-sujuq frankflnger-

to lose patience

>U ^j^m
the
is

^
my

j j^

1
is

lam ydbqa
no arrow
i.e.)

qauai pabri minza

(there

left for

bow

of

patience,

>l^l <*} bapmai al-a. print; gU^/l ^0. do.; ^1 10. j he has a hand in this matter
furters;

^1

my

patience

at an

end

_U
r-OJI

pub*
.

(eg.)

finger;

toe

(also

jw
j*-*

$abir, $abr aloe (bot.)

M-%*

al-qadam)
pl.

abra severe cold

%jt+\ upb'
oe

rfLl OfbV*

jw

pubra heap, pile; pubratan sum-

marily, on the whole, in the

lump

a-* mufabba' gridiron,

grill

t_
i^
laboga

Uta
e.g.,

(ffaftp,

pwff) to dye, stain


color,
tint,

<!jiL fibna (n. un.) a oake of soap

(*

s.th.,

fabric),

J^jU pbunf soapy,


onaoeous,

soap-like,

sap-

tinge, paint,
(*)

daub

(* s.th.); to give s.th.

made of soap

the

air,

s.th.);

to dip, immerse {*
s.o.)

touoh, or appearanoe (v of s.th., j in


|

jL_ pibn soap boiler


ii*^.

water); to baptize (
4j.\

**-.**

*i~^

masbana soap works

{pib$atan
b.o.

urd)

to

tranaform,

change

VIII

to

be

dyed,

be or

become colored or tinted; to be baptized,


receive baptism
Ar- fi>9
pl- ftr pigment;
^

{j-) L- *aod u (?oiw. jn*&u>, L- p6an, L- poA<5') to be a child, be childish;


(pubw,
tj-**

sabwa)

to

bend,

inoline

ajbj} oolor,

dye,
paint,

(Jl

to),

feel

sensual desire (Jl for); to


aspire
(Jl

dyestuff;

(coat

of)

Btrive

(Jl

for),

to);

varnish;

make-up,

grease

paint,

face

aabiya a (.L-* sab\ L- ptan) to behave


like a

child, act in

ohildish

manner

paint

II to rejuvenate,

render youthful again

i^
tint,

9\bga oolor,

dye, dyestuff; pig-

to behave like a child, act in a childish

ment; tincture (med.); ooloring, tinge,


shade, bue,

nuanoe,

touch,

air;

manner; to inene to youthful pleasures; to rejuveneaoe, undergo rejuvenation,


regain youth, become

natura, character; (coat of) paint, varnish; baptism; religion


|

young again; to
;

*^'

*V

0*

woo, oourt (U a woman) to tempt, entioe,


captivate,

al-afyn tincture of opium, laudanum;


jjJI

charm

s.o.,

the

heart)

li^0

9.

al-yd

tincture of iodine;

VI to behave like a child


L-

VI
L-l

IS*. '<i^0

(mahaUiya) local touch, local

color;

-\ '

*-*">
s.o.

'

(akrajah)

to

paban

pl.

^J^- pabawt,

change, disfigure

01 s.th.

asb* east

wind
sxban childhood,

O L'tA;^ pibgiyt chromosomes


f-L- pibg pl.

L^,
youth;

^0

boyhood,
pro-

youthfulness;

inolination,

A^l afiiga
condiment,

oolor, dye,

pensity, bent, longing, desire

dyestuff;

spiee,

seasoning,

L*

fab' childhood, boyhood, youth;

youthfulness
f_L- pabbg

dyer
dyer's
trade,
art

i*L**

pibga

of

disposition

passion; amorous fr* sabwa youthful man; sensual desire ; childish

dyeing or staining
5n, .-

ners

maabaga dyehouse, dye works


|

disposition; sensual desire; childish

jr* subw youthful passion; amorous man-

i^U. fhig dyer; baptiat

gLJi

b*-ji

ners

(yuhann) John the Baptist

\y^
&
1

svbwa

ohildhood,

boyhood,

-,

masbg dyed, stained, colored,


(<_

youth; youthfulness
lS

tinted; having a touch or air

of);

influenoed

(^ by); imbued
rub with soap
|

(<_j

with)

sabiy

pl.

i-~* fibya,

aabya, jL-w

pibyn, pubyn,
(a s.th.)

^1

asbtya boy, youth,

jw

II to soap,

lad

iijiL
09-9.

sbn soap

jjL-JI

J~

hajaT

'4^0

aabiya
girl

pl.

IjL-

saby

girl;

soapstone, steatite

young

JU-^

fibyni boyish, ohildlike; ohild-

ijf*

?*A*

wholesome,

aalubrioua,
like);

ish, puerile; children's

healthy, healthful (diet,


sanitary; hygienio
|

and the

ljL* sbin youthful, juvenile, thoughtless,

(J

-^Jl ^^1 (mahjar)

rash

quarantine

^j*
ofihha*,

fiahih

pl.

r-L**

pihh,

L*H
well,

i*M

apihha

healthy,

$ahha

(<*"

ettAa,

~L** po5) to be

sound,

healthful;

oomplete,

integral,

healthy; to be

all right,
{<>.

be in order; to
from); to heal

perfect; whole, entire, undivided; right,


oorreot, proper; true, veritable, aotual, real ;
liable,

recover, recuperate
(of

wound)

to

be

sound,

strong,

authentic,
credible,

genuine,

truthful,
valid,

reIe-

vigorous, firm, right, correct, -faultless,

believable ;

unimpaired,

unblemished
;

to

be firm,

gally valid, legal, lawful, rightful; strong


(gram.; of a consonant,
-***

unshakable (resolution) to be admisaible,


permissible;
oertain,

a verb)

j^

to

be

true,

authentic,

(jam')

sound plural (ending in j


~cU;

eure;

to prove true, turn out

n or Ol

gram);

^
.

j-U-

('adad)
...
is)

to be true; to hold good, go (Jp for), aPply (J* to )> be tirue (J* 0; to result or follow definitely (j* from); to be a
fact,

whole number, integer (math.);


<l

-*
.
.

(annah) true, he was (he


is), it is

.,

he was (he

true,

turn out (J for); to become a fact;


(<J

*l afahh* sounder,
correct,

healthier;
~"ifl

more
jl

to be successful, work out well


s.o.);

for
(<J)
j

more proper

J*

or

to fall to

s.o.

or to s.o.'s share
r

more properly speaking

Jp *ir j* c-*^ or **J* ~0 was firmly reeolved to .,


.

azmuh) he

-UH
Holy
a*

ashh,

ishh

chapter

of the

his
I

mind was
it

made up
serve aa

to

4-U jp^
4-i
.

a basis;

Jli
.;

l mj

may
it is

Scriptures (Chr.)

ma#aKk

pl.

~t

Sanatorium

rightly said of

him

jUi^l J p** to
(* s.o.);

health retreat, sanitarium


<*

appear

right, adequate, reasonable II to

mafahha that whioh promotes

restore to health, oure, heal


oorrect,

to

or

is

oonduoive to health; Sanatorium


tahik correotion, reotifioation;
critical revision

emend,

rectify (* s.th.); to pre-

pare a

critical edition (* of

a teit); to

j^*j

emendation,

legalize,

authentioate

(* a document),

certify, confirm, attest (*

the authentioity

wmii muaahhih
finder)
|

vernier (of a rnge


(asfalah)

of a document), sign (* a dooument); to

*lL-\

p*^A\

the

impose one's signature, undersign (magr.)

undersigned
j**

to

undergo correction, emendation,


be correoted, emended, recto recover,

sahiba

(<j*

puhba,

iA** vo^ba,

rectification,
tified

fihba) to be or

become a companion,
friend ( of
friends,

to regain health;
(

an

associate,

recuperate
Zj#

j* from)
s.o.),

make
(

a oomrade, a or become
s.o.);
{*

be

aihha

health; hygiene; faultlessoorrectness;


veraoity,

friends
social

with

to associate, have

nesf, rightness, soundness,

intercourse

with

s.o.)

to

truth,

genuineness,

verity,

acoompany, eeoort
associated
( (

( s.o.);

to be oloeely

credibility, authentioity;

validity; legal

with

s.o.)

III

I;

to keep along,
(*
*

validity ,

leg ality

i-y**Ji

^Jl

j \jj

s.o.)

Company
as
s.o.

IV to

send

('ummiya) Ministry of Public Health

delegate

companion or esoort
eise or s.th.)

or * for b.o.

VI to

604

have

social

intercourse,

associate

their capaoity of owners of the founder's

with); to

become

friends, be friends (.
( s.o.);

prayer rg;
title

UJI

^L,
_^*JI

s.

as-m'da
s.

with) Till to accompany, escort

of a pasha;
title

o-U-J!

^*-l*

as-

to take

( b.o.)

as

companion or
along

escort,
(

samha

of a mufti, approx. "His

have

o.s.

esoorted

or accompanied
{*
s.th.,

Eminence";

$X\
a.

^L*

as-

by

s.o.);

to take

sumw
Ul

al-mataki

His Royal Highness;

companion)

to take as companion or

<-jL**!

aS-Sa'n those concerned;

escort, take along


"<j*

the important, influential people; <^Uf*l


ol^-iJl
a.

puhba friendship, companionship,

ai-htbuht

dubious
*>ILJI

persona,

comradeship ; accompanying, Company,


esoort; association, intercourse; friends,

people of l repute;

._-^L (for-

merly) Keeper of the Seal (of the


Tunisia);
j*Jl

Bey of
of

oompanions, associates, comrades;

._^-L# i_^-U

(eg.)

f. .

al-'izza title

nosegay, bunch of flowers; suhbata ac-

a bey;
Majesty;

JJl

al-'azama His
al-ma'll title

companied by; with


herein enclosed

l-u "<^f (auhbata)

JUil

<_^-Li>

of a oabinet

minister;

J*J1

T^-U#
s.

s.

al-amal
jUmJI as-fahba the Companions of the Prophet
gibfa

employer;
of
the

kill

i_--L

al-

title

Coptio

Patriarch;

Mohammed
a

iL-Jl i_^-U title of Islamic theologians

jUw^

sahbl

Companion

of

the

and

sheiks,

such as Rector and Profes;

Prophet

Mohammed
mushaba accompanying, Com-

sors of
$.

AI Azhar University
father

*J>i}\

<_^-U

al-fihra

to the thought, the

<+-{**+

originator of
(&.

an idea; mjji aUII


title

^-l^

pany, escort
<->UJ*^l
itfihb

al-maqm) formerly,

bestowed on
established

accompanying, Com-

bearers of the order otAJI

pany, escort; association

by Fuad
afhb,
<--**
~*-s*

I in 1936

i^L
fahb,
puJjba
4i

phib

pl.

<_jUH
uLj*

i;*-U# phiba pl. -l, ^-*-l>- pawdAJ,

l**

pahba,

puhbn,

oL*-l^ ^auxJAi&H fem. of ^*-L#


companion,
etc.
|

woman
p.

associate,

companion,
follower;
genit.)

comrade,
the
other

lU-l

l^L*

s.

al-jaWa
<w-

friend;

adherent,
foll.

Her
<^djJI

Majesty;

,5lUI

>-Jl

i--U

(of two) ; (with

man, owner,
lord,

umw aZ-maJaH Her Royal Highness;


L*-L#
j.

poBsessor,

holder,

maater,

oomorigi-

oZ-'^mta title of a lady of

mander, reprsentative, author or


or given to;

high social standing

nator of ...; entrusted with; addicted

*^-y+ fuioaihib friend (diminutive of

J~ t y

ahi
p.

= ^U

fhibl

j^J\ _^-L#

al-amr niler,

master, overlord, BOvereign;^]^Jl

.^L*
His

<^-_^0

suwaihiba

pl.

-t

girl

friend

shipowner;

il'iU-l

.^L

(diminutive of S-*-L#)

a t al-joUa

Majesty; JU-

^--L

the noun to which a

ujm^i mo^Ai accompanied


attended provided
j*l a^Aar 1 ,
(<-> (-

(i_*

by);

oircumstantial phrase (hl) refers; ^-*-L


<I>l
s,

with) ; associated
with)

(^

with)

ad-dauia (formerly)
(Eff.);
iojJS
,>_-Ul

title

of the
.

Prime Minister
dain
creditor;

^-*-L#
s.

adf.

.^-L

1^

faAr'* desertlike; of the

ar-rif'a

(formerly) title of the


{Eg.)i

Prime Minister
title

color of desert sand; desolate, bleak


>\j*e

UJi

i_^-L

s.

as-sajjda

of

sahriC*

pl.

jL^1 potrin,

^jlrf*

the leaders of certain dervish Orders in

paArti,

ol^rf* jmArutff desert, steppe

;;

(jj\j**

pahrwi desert, desolate, woste

^ha mashn
*L** pahn&h sardine

ground, brayed, pound-

*jjLh** t^l)' (artfin) desert areas

ed, crushed, grated


case,

jU* pahhdra
ehest, crate,

pl.

j-U* paAdAir*

box

(yf and
iji^
II

^)

\*

fahd u (pahw) and

j*

to misplace the diacritical marks;

pahiya a (L^ pahan)


clear,

to be or become
serene
(day,

to misread, miapronounce, misspell (* a

bright,

cloudless,

word); to misrapresent, distort, twist (*

Bky);

(j*r pahw, puhw) to regain

report, etc.)

to be misread or mis-

consciousness,

come

to; to recover (j.

spelled (word)

**
platter
'<*?**

pahfa

pl.

JL<*

?t'A/

bow), dish,

from intoxication), sober up; to wake up, awake (j- from sleep); to become
alert (Jl to s.th.),
s.th.) II to

become aware

(Ji

of

wake

up, awaken, rouse

( s.o.)

puhaifa saucer
pahifa
pl.

IV to be or become
puhuf,

clear, bright, cloudless,

U_^

tji^

JJlrf*

serene (day, sky); to rouse


( s.o.)

wake

up, awaken,

pah&if* leaf (in a book or notebook), page

newspaper, paper, daily, Journal; epidermis; surface; exterior


(ftatt&T)
|

j**

pahw

cloudlessness,
;

brightness,

L*-Jl L>**JI

serenity (of the weather)

clarity, alert-

honorable name, honor


puhvfi newspaper-, news-, press;

ness of the mind, consciousness; bright,


serene, cloudlesB,
j**

^*
(in

sunny (weather)

Compounds), journalistic
Journalist
|

(pl.

-n)

pahwa

awakening, recovery of

newspaperman,

J** yj*

consciousness; Btate of consciousness

(mu'tamar) press Conference

^L

pakin bright, serene, cloudless,

U" pihfa journalism, news business;


the press

clear (weather);

(pl.

-n,

SU*

pitAK)

awake, wakeful, watchful,


conBcious; sober
journalistic;

alert, vigilant;

jL^

pihft

Journalist,

newspaperman, newBman
4J\j* pihfiya
<J**-*+

t_J*
Journalist
pl
.

pajciba

(pdfeab)

to shout, cry, yell,

woman

olamor, roar, bellow; to scold (J* s.o., s.th.); to rage, roar, be loudVIII to raise
a din, roar simultaneoualy, be tumultuous,

maphaf,

muphaf

<J. La.

maphif*

volume
_ju

book ;

copy of the

resound in utter confusion, rage


v-j*'

Koran

ji t_Ju****)
to^Al/

pakab

shouting,

roar(ing),
din,

bei-

<Jij

misplacement
miapelling,

of
alip
;

the

lowing,

yelling,

clamor,

hubbub;

diacritical

marks;

of

cry, outory, yell; raging

the

pen

(grammatical)

mistake

mis-

i^j*

pakib

orying,

yelling,

noisy,

representation, distortion

olamoring, voeiferous, roaring, raging


_jL>
pdfckb

J^ pahal
l

raucouB voiee
pl.

clamorous,

boisterous,

j** pahn

f** puhn bowl, dish

roaring, bellowing, raging


;

plate
vi**!*-''
iptijcdb

dish, meal, food; yard, courtyard; surface,

noise,

din,

clamor,

plane; disk;

(pl.

fc*H apkina) phonograph


|

hubbub, uproar, tumult, turmoil, roar,


raging
i_~*-L*

record, disc (tun.)

jUI ^** oourtyard,


j\

patio; jrU*Jl j** ashtray;


(p. il-fcadd)

y*

J*

pkib

loud,

noiay,

clamorous,

on the

(surface of the) cheek

boisterous, voeiferous, tumultuous, roar-

600

ing, raging

i^L* *

(qwa) power of

currently

buay

with
with

s.th. ,

he

is

at

the voice

present occupied
sx~*i

a matter; g-J

^nL.m- mupfafcab

noise, din,

hubbub,

j*
is

L*

Jl

(narji'u)

we retum to

what

our present concern or to what

tumult, raging, roar(ing)

we are
pl.

just diseussing

pakr
\jj**
solid

(coli.;

n.

un.

I)

jj* ^r,
rockB,

JoX^ padxd pus, matter

pukra,
rock,

& \J**

pakart

boulders,
{geol.)

rock

formations;

jOjX^ padxdi suppurativa,


festering

purulent,

pl.j>* rock
Ijt*

pakra boulder, rock

J^JI

iJ

qubbat ap-p. the

Dome
(in

of the Rock, the

[fX* pdia a (\x* pada') and JJ- padu'a u (i.U^ pad'a) to become or be rusty,
rust, oxidize II

Mosque of Omar

JeruBalem)

I;

to

make

(* s.th.)

rusty,

cause (* s.th.) to rust, corrode

j^>

pajeri

rocky, stony

(* s.th.)

stony J** pakir rocky, padda u (padd) to

\x* pada' rust; oxidation; smut, rust


(plant disease)
alienate,
IIj^k

tum away,
s.o.

discourage, divert, deter, restrain, reject,

pad'a rustinesa

Bend away

(j*

from);
his

to

dis-

jj* padi' ruty, rust-covered; dirty,

suade

(j*

s.o.

from

desire);

to

mean, ehabby
t-u*- mtipda* rusty, rust-covered

repel, parry,

ward

ofF (* s.th., e.g.,

an
s.o.

attack);

to hinder,

prevent (j*

from); to impede, hamper, stop, bring


to a standtill ( s.o.); to reaist, oppoee
(, b.o.)

r x* padaha a

(padh,

sing; to play

f\x* pudh) to chant, (^ a song, a tune)

_^JI -U-j
|

V (nazara)

it

does not

offend the eye,


(padd,

it is

nice to look at ;

X* padah banner
iIjU-x^ padaht (musical) strains

*j* pudvd) to

tum away
(j* on
s.o.,

(j*

from), turn one's back


s.th.);

on

oL* pdih note raised a Bemitone,


(mtis.)

to stay
s.th.)

away, remain aloof (j*


to suppurate, maturate, to face, confront (J
;

a sharp

from
fester

II

IV do.

s.o.)

jX* padara u
out
(je.

(jj J- pudr) to go out, step

or j* of, from within) ; to proceed,


arise,

X* padd averting, tuming away cbeoking, stopping ; repulaion, rejection ; hindering,

emanate,

originate,

stem
or

(je.
;

or to

ja from), have

its origin (j^

^ in)

impeding, obatruction, prevcntion;

eome out, be issued, be promulgated ( Order,


ordinance, law); to appear, be pubshed
(book); to leave, go out (mail); to go
(J! to); to

resistance, aversion, reluctance

ix* padad
tention,

nearness,

proximity; in-

purpoae, design, aim; respect,

happen, occur, come to paas;

regard, relation, concern, Bubject, matter;

pass. pudira to
al;t

have a ehest complaint

topio

(of

discusflion) ;
|

padada (prep.)

je.

jJ-^ (jidd) to set about seriouflly,

oppoBite, in front of

JJ-

J* and iA-^

get

to

work

earnestly;

<oljl

j* j-L*

oppoaite, in front of; i-u*

conceming,

to act on one's

own

volition II to send,

regarding, re, with respect to; jJ-J1


in
this

j
thia,

send

ofF,

dispatch, forward {* B.th.); to

respect,

with regard to
this,

export

(* a.th.);

to publiBh, bring out

with relation to
in

on this occasion,
j-U*>

(* a book);

to preface (* a book); to
(^

this

connection; j+\

j* he

introduce,

commence

a a

book with)

607

jX*
(v
*t);

III

to

seize,

impound,
press,

oonfisoate
{
()

(*

disgruntled, depressed;
a$-f.

.-i-JL.

s.th.);

to urge,
obstaclea
Bend,

oppresa
s.o.'s

a.o. ),

j-uJI

munqabid

dejeeted,

low-

throw
IT
to

in

way
(*

apirited, crestfallen; jX*t\


o#-a.
first

Ut. maknat
priority;

aend

out,

dispatch

place,

precedence,

a.tb.);
s.th.,

to export
o.g.,

(* s.th.);

to issue (*

j-UI ^\j =jX*>\


time; jX*)\
jJ-*j
s.o.

banknotea,

bonda),

maka

OU^I

&

|j^

(zamn) quite a Stretch of time, for some

out

(* B.th., e.g.,

a passport); to publish, a book); to give,

in

the foreground;
s.o.,

bring out (*
issue (*
(*
(*

s.th., e.g.,

(aakJtama)

to irritate

make

an order); to pronounce, pasa


aent,

angry; *>x* r rii\ in&araha fadruh

a legal sentence); to utter, expreas

to be gladdened, be pleased, be cheered,

an opinion, & view) V to be


(*

be

be happy, rejoiee

diapatched; to preside
(*

over),

head
iSjX* padri pectoral, ehest (used attributively)
|

a group); to have & front seat {* &t a


gathering) ;

social

to

realst,

oppoae
s.o.'a

j.u

3J_>*

(nazla) bronchitis

(J

h.o.),

throw obstaclea
s.o.'s (J)

in

(J)

*jX* pudra vest, waistcoat; camisole,


(under)waist, bodice

way, stand in

way X

to bring

about, ohtain (*

s.th., esp.

l&- hukman

a legal judgment or sentence); to iaaue


(lj*-j*

(SjX*

fiudatri

and

<ijX*

pl.

-t

an ordinance)
padr pl. j jX^ pudr ehest, breast,

vest, waistcoat; bodice

jl-U

fidr

vest,

jX*
part,

waistooat;

(under-)

waist, bodice

bust; bosom, heart; front part, front;


portion ;
first

hemistich ;
start,

leader,

*j\x* padra, pidra precedence; prea-

Commander;
beginnings,

beginning,

outset,

idency,

chairmanship

first

place, preoffice,

oommencement, ineeption;

early period,
jloll

eminence; grand vizierate,


cellery, or position,

cban-

dawn
the

(fig.)

jx* one
in

of the Orand Vizier

who

ooeupies

highest

position

(Mor.)

the house,

house;

who plays first (rahb) ^^-j jx*

fiddle in the

jjX* pudr coming


publication
(e.g., (e.g.,

out, appearance,

generoaity,

of a

book), issuance

magnanimity; open-mindedness, broadmindedness, liberality, frankness, candor;


j^-Vl j-U early period of Islam, early

of an ordinance)

j-U*. mapdar pl. j.iLa. mapdir* Btart-

Islam;

jJifrV!

j-U-Jl

title

of the Grand

ing point, point of origin ; origin, source


(fig.)
;

Vizier in the
vizier

Ottoman Empire; grand


t&l jX+
9.

(gram.)

infinitive,

verbal

noun

(Mor.);

al-makn

absolute or internal objeet

the foremost part of a room; jl^Jl


f.

jX*
oUj

jX^S

tapdtr

sending

(off),

dispatch,

an-nahr daybreak, beginning of the


_jjl

for warding; exportation, export; prefaoe,

day; j.u*
bant
afi-f.

robin

(tool.);

jX*S\

foreword (of a book)

issuanoe

worries,
i_jLj

anxieties,

appre-

jjLa. mupdara seizure, confiscation


jl-U*l idr exportation, export; issue,

hensions; jX*i\
ehest
seoret

front door; jX*i\ c*lj

complaint;

bottom of the heart,


^>.j rahb
;

thpughts; jX-Jl

a$-p.

issuance,

bringing

out,

edition,
J

publi-

generous,

magnanimouB
liberal ;

open-minded,
free

cation;

making

out,

issuance
issue

broad-minded,
givinga,

of
V:l-j

misdo.;

jl-U#Vl maprif

al-i.

bank of
issue,

unheaitating; jX-JI
cte-e.

j -Li~l
I

istidr

making

out

j-uJI

j^J fayyiq

annoyed, angry

issuance

JJU#
III to find (a, s.o., s.th.),

jiL

fdir

going

out,

emanating,

meet

( s.o.,

orighiating; issued,

oome

out, publiahed,

* with s.th.); to

meet unexpectedly, by
(*,

etc.; exportation, export; yield;

o'jaUJI

chance
s.o.

( b.o.), light
(a, ),

on),

come
s.o.

across
s.th.

export goods, export

or s.th.

run into

or

jj+* tnafdr affeoted with a peotoral


ailment, phthiaioal, consumptive, tuberoular j-U*. mutaddir

(a, #),

enoounter

(*, s.o., s.th.); to coin-

cide,

be ooinoident, oonour

(*

with

s.th.);

to fall (a

export merchant, ex-

on a given date); to happen by ohance, oome to pass (l that) L*^fl lJaL* to meet with approval;
|

porter

1* JiiL {mdhaUdh) to

oome in handily,
s.o., s.th.)

*x*0 pada'a

(#o*T)
s.th.);

to split, oleave, part, to craok, break (a

be convenient, be opportune V to turn

sunder (*
objeot),

an

away ( j*

from), avoid, shun (je

oause (* an objeot) to craok;

VI to happen by ohance, oome to pass

to break (* through obstaoles), oonquer,

J.U* padaf
addf
il/l

(ooU.; n. un.

J)

pl. i_>ii-*l
|

overcome, surmount (* obstaoles,


culties)
|

diffl-

pearl
i-L*

oyster,
9.

sea shell, conch


external

jJ-L

P-i-

(haqq) to
;

oome out

ai'Vdun

ear,

openly with the truth j&i JL# (amr)


to execute

auriole,

pinna
fadaf,
<jJ*mi\
,jij>

an Order, oomply with an


_j-U*

maratf 09disease,

order; paas.

fud\a

to*

have or get a
(

padaya a nonoontagious skin


Psoriasis {med.)

headache II to cause a headache


s.o.);

to

to molest, harass, trouble


s.o.);

(*jl>U

JfltirM
get

pass.

fuddCa to have or

j-U* padafi sea-ahell, ahell


creoua, mother-of-pearl (adj.)
*j.U*

(adj.); na-

a headache V to get split, get cleft, oome apart, bunt, break, craok; to go
to pieoas; to reel, waver, be shaken; to separate (je from), part (j* with) VII to get split, get
oleft,

fudfa

pl.

Ji-U*

fudaf chance,

haphazard, ooinoidenoe, unexpeoted conourrence; i- fudfatan


ooincidence,
*.u*]l

by ohance, by
|

come

apart, break,

aooidentally

i-uJt>

or

craok ; to be rudely interrupted ; to break,

,ji^i

by ohanoe, by
as

coincidence,

dawn (mornlng)
JU
faeP
pl.

aooidentally;

ohanoe

will

have

it,

j**

fud'

crevice,

haphazardly
"4i.1L*-

fissure, orack,

break,

rift, oleft

mufOdafa

pl.

-t

encounter,

*\x+
f-

fiud'

headache

meeting; ohanoe, haphazard, coincidence,

j.J-**

mafd* having a oraek, oraoked,

unexpeoted

concurrenee;

mufdafatan

by ohance, by

ooinoidenoe, aooidentally
to),

broken
iJuL* mvfdif oorresponding (J

90 t*d$
09-9-)

pl. 1J-*1

afdd$ temple (anat.);


(also A*II *-

earlook, lovelook

qtwat

oonourrent (J with a date of another


ohronologioal System), ooinoident ( J with),
falling

(Jon a given
u
(fadq,

date)
fidq)
teil

J-X-* fudfi temporal {anat.)

j-U, fiadaqa
truth,

to speak
(

the

J>* fadafa % u (fadf, >j a~* fiudf) to turn away (je from), avoid, shun (je s.o., s.th.); % {fadf) to turn ( s.o.) away

be sincere; to

s.o.)

the

truth (j* about); to prove to be true,

turn out to be correot, oome true; to

(j* (je

from),
s.o.

disoourage,

restram,

deter

be right; to apply
(J*

fit

from); to happen by ohance

*),

exaotly (J* s.o. or s.th.), hold true (J* of) |

500

^JUp
lx* 9adOqa
JjX*
fadiq
pl. -dt friendship pl.

4*j or

t^j
.u

J-u

(/|

uxx'dtAf or tm'*

<2aA) to keep, or

fulfill,

one's promiae;

i*w^JI

(noilAato)

to

adviae

s.o.

U-Ul atdiqtf*,

.U-O

sincerely;

>_J-I

*i-U* (AuAfo) to love s.o.


II

tudaq'*, ulj-u eudq&n friend; friendly,

sincerely, truly
s.th.)

to

deem
a.o.,

connected by bonda of friendahip


(*,

s.o.,

oredible,

acoept (* a.th.) aa true,


<*,

3j^ tadq
est, sinoere

veracious, truthful, hon-

give oredence
believe, truat

to

to

s.th.),

(*, s.o.,

s.th.);

to oonJi-U#
fiddlq
strictly

sider or

pronouno

(m a.th.)

to be true,
(*-

veracious, hon*

est, righteous,

right, oorreot or oredible ; to believe

upright; Jj-uJI epithet of

in)

the

firat

to give one's consent, to consent, aasent,

Galiph,

Abu Bakr
|

agree (Jtos.th.), approve (Jofs.th.),


grant, Hcense, sanotion, oertify, oonfirm,
substantiate, atteat, ratify, authentioate,
legalize,

J-Ul apdaq* truer, sinoerer

61*/ j-u*l

(a.

burhdnin)
. .

the moat reliable, or


.;

best, proof for

jj-u j.ul the

moat

verify

(J

s.th.)

3x^t V
J-U*

loyal, or best, friend

(yttfaddaqu) incredible, unbelievable, unreliable,

Jl-L^.
ration,

untrustworthy

mifdq confirmation, oorrobosubstantiation; touohstone, ori-

-jT j\

paddiq

au

kafib
believe

(u an
it

affirmative

terion
JjO^aJ
tatdiq
belief,

parentheais)

or

not

III

to
faith

treat

a.o.)

aa a friend; to maintain
(

(^
(J*

in);
to),

one's friendship

with with

s.o.);
s.o.),

to be or

consent,

aasent,

agreement

become
(*

friends

befriend

approval, sanetioning, lioeneing,


oation,
ifloation,

certifi-

s.o.);

to give one's consent, to con(

confirmation,
verification,

atteatation,

rat*

sent, aasent, agree

J* to

s.th.),

approve

authentication,
|

(J* of), grant, lioenae, sanction, certify, confirm, substantiate J* s.th.) ; to (


legalize, etc.)

legalization

(J of s.th.)

jja-dl

^
cred-

eur'at at-t. oredulity; Jj-i-adi

g^*

authenticate

(J*

a signature,

ulous
4*jLa4

IV tofix a
as

(bridal)

dower (U
(J* to (J* to

for

muddaqa oonaent, asaent, agree-

a
to

woman) T
give
s.th.)

to give alma alms,

s.o.);
s.o.,

donate

(J to), ooneurrenoe (J* in); approval, sanetioning, certifloation, conratifloation {Jp of s.th.); legalization, authentication (J* of a document)

ment

firmation,

atteatation,

j-U* pidq truth, trueness, truthfulness


sincerity,

candor;

veracity,

correctneas

(of

an

alleg&tion);

efflciency;

\jx*

J-iLaJ

tafiduq
(

legalization,

authen-

fidqan truly, reaUy, in truth

tioation

J* of a document)
truthful, veracious,

U-O

fiadaqa

pl.

-dt

alms,

charitable

JjL*

fdiq true,

gift; almagiving, charity,

voluntary oonoffering

sinoere, candid; reliable; aoourate, true,

tribution

of

alms,

freevill

genuine, faithful, authentio


\

legally prescribed

alms tax

{Isl.

Laxe)

U*
J.U&*

mufaddiqa

certificate,

certifi-

Jm\

-U

fi.

al-fifr
(/*J.

almsgiving at the

cation, atteatation

end of Ramadan
jl-U*
fiadq,

Law)
mufiaddaq
oredible,
|

believable,
*-

fiidaq

pl.

jx*

puduq,

reliable,

-ol

apdiqa

(bridal)

dower;

trustworthy

J'

j.

in-

(pl.

credible;

Lfj

<J

JJ-*-

(rtumfym)

j_^I) marriage contraot (tun.)

legalized, offlcially oertified

JjL*
J.U* look up
alphabetically

510

4X**, 1-u* padan pl. I-U*l

apiS eoho,

reverberation

*x+ pada-ma
tut

(padm) to bump, strike, knock,

dash, bounce, bang, zun (*,


(* lipon);

against),
s.o., e.g.,

aj_X^j tapdiya

hand olapping
*0f* r ) to ohirp, strid-

to run
etc.);

(*

into

j*

parra
ulate

(aorr,

jj+

an automobile,

to oolde, olash

(orioket);

to

oreak

(door);

to to

(^ with, e.g-, train with car) in to bump, strike, knock, dash, bounce, bang,
run
(*,

squeak, soreech;
gnash,
tie

to grate, Scratch;
(teeth);

ohatter

to

laoe,

oord,

against s.o.
(*,

or s.th.); to
s.th.)

resist,
(*,

up, truas up, bind (* s.th.); to shove,


(

oppoae

s.o.,

battle

put

money

into

a purse)

to priok

against); to encounter (hoatilely), olash;


pasB.
flioted

op

(i

or li one's ears)
on); to

IV to persist

(->- fdima

to be severely af(e.g., trains),

(^ by) TI

to oollide to

(J* in), insist (J* mind, resolve, determine, deoide (J* to

make up

one's

encounter
(e.g.,

(armies) ;

olaah,

oonflict

do

s.th.); to priok

up

(* or

different opinions)

Tin

v one's
(

ears)

to oollide,
strike,
e.g.,

olash (l-ot

with); to
hit

bump,
s.th.,

\j+
bag,

f" *
1

pi*

Js+
9*

^urar
packet,

money)
|

run

(<-

against),

(^

a
at

purse ;

bndle,
*j~*

parcel

mine);

to take offense

(v

at, e.g., (^

lyJI
purra

or <>vJ-'
for

al-harajnain the
tra-

miatakes),
feil

take exception
to),

to);
(<-*

to

Meooa and Medina, the


sent

(^ due
VI

be thwarted

by);

ditional

funds

by the
with

different
e.g.,

Islamio

oountries

(nowadays,

by

Egypt
~kx+
jolt,

and

Tunisia)

the

hadj

padma

pl.

fodamt push, thrust,

oaravan to be distributed among the


poor of Heoca and Medina;
the Truste of the purra (who
sible
Sj-Jl J<*l
is

shook, blow, stroke; upset, com-

motion, (psychic) hock; obstacle, dif*


ficulty

reapon-

for

its

delivery);

jjUl \j+ caah

pid&m

oolsion,
|

olash ;
(l-U*

break -

remittance

down, collapse

Jt-U-J

(wijddni)

j j+

patir

ohirping, stridulation

(of

mental breakdown
<*jLa.
olaah,

oriokets); squeaking, soreeching


pl.

mupdama

-d*

ooUiaion,

j\j+

parrar

or

JJ1 j\j^

9.

cO-la

impaot

orioket (xool.)
\j

(oL-J tafdum oolsion, olash; bounce,

j+

aurfra ooins
ipr&r

wrapped in a purse
peraeverance

impaot
ohic)

(i-ion); upset,
|

oommotion, (p*y-

shook

(iL*ill --lt buffer (railroad)

jl^l

persistence,

f1oL*#1 iffidm oolsion, olash;

bounoe,

inaistenoe (J* on) | jjy-/iM ,$-* (J* in), sabq al-i. premediation, wUlxulneas (jur.)

impaot

(i-i

on);

upset,

oommotion,

(psyohio) shook
t$-U*

j*a mupirr

persistent,

insistent;

de*

termined, resolute
fiadiya a (padan) to be very thirsty IV to eoho, resound, reverberate V to

^^Jl

ap-pirb Serbia; the Serba

ocoupy
apply
take

o,s.

(J

or

Jl

with);

to turn,

j^#
rj*

pirbl

Serbian
tarha, *~js+ purha)

o.s.

(J or Jl

to s.th.); to under-

(J or Jl s.th.),
;

embark
resist,

(J or Jl

parvha

(-*-|y-#

upon)

to

oppose,
s.o.),

counteraot,

antagonize (J
s.o.'a (J)

throw obstaoles in

become pure, unadultorated, paraha o uncontaminated, olear;


to be or

way, be

in s.o.'s (J)

way

(park) to

make

olear,

olarify, explicate,

511

ts"
shout (J* to s.o.); to (j or <^j j at s.o.)
cry for help; to call
~**-j**

explain (* s.th.) II to explain, explicate,


clarify,

yell,
|

bellow, roar

make

clear (* s.th.); to declare,


{<~>

**-j**

j* (par*

state,

announce
(lj

s.th.)

make

kaktn) to cry out, let out a cry


(*

to

statement

about);

to

speak
ezplioit

out
{*_>t

to

s.o.) for

help

frankly, openly, be clear,


je-

be

parka

pl.

-t

cry,

outory, yell,

about), let

{._>,

jp

s.th.)

be known; to

scream;

call for

help
crying, yelling;

allow, permit, grant (_* J to s.o. s.th.);

to licens (lj

s.th.),

give a permit, grant


III to

^s+ As*

purk

clamor

a license

(lj for)

speak frankly,

screaming, screams
parijp

openly; to speak out frankly or openly,

crying,

yelling;

clamor,

be

clear,

be ezplioit

{*_>

about),

avow
clear,

screaming, screams

{lj s.th.), let (^> s.th.)

be known; to de-

clare (l

to

s.o.

that)

IV to make

rL-* parrk peacock

crier,

screamer, bawler;

clarify, explicate, explain {* s.th.)

VI to

become
clear
_,-*

clear, evident, manifest,

come to

jjL*

prjp

pl.
j

'fij\j*

pawrik*

Ught VII to become evident, manifest,

rocket; siren (magr.)

.z'*-6

rjj^-

oljLUl intercontinental ballistio missile,


park
pl.

rjj-*

purh

ICBM
Castle,

palace, lofty edifice, imposing structuro

4jvjL* iLi qujibula bomb, guided missile

firkiya rocket

^s+

purh pure, unadulterated, unclear ;


distinot,

contaminated,

piain,

jL*
glaring

prifa

gaudy,
Light)
;

flashy

(color);

obvious, evident, patent, manifest, un-

(color,

crude,

gross,

ambiguous, unequivocal
fes*
par'ih*

ooarse; noisy, loud; orier, caller

parih

pl.

U^

purah' 1 ,

f\^

.*

pard severe cold


}\j-+
A>

(spell)

pure,

unadulterated,

uncon-

purrd drifting clouds, cirrus

taminated; clear; distinct, piain, obvious,


evident, patent, manifest, unambiguous,
rJ-* pvrraid drifting clouds, cirrus

unequivocal; open, frank, sinoere, candid;


free,

parpara

to let out

a piercing cry,

openhearted
parha clearness,
plainness;
clarity, dis-

soream

shrilly
*"*

*-[/-

y-V j
icy gale
J-0J-0

parpar violent, cold wind,

tinctness,

unambiguousness
oandor,
sincerity,

openness,

frankness,
;

openheartedness parhatan clearly, plainly,

purpur

pl.

s+\s+

&rfii*

distinctly,
;

patently,

unequivocally,

variety of cockroach (Blatta aegyptiaca;


zool.); cricket (zool.)

unambiguously openly, frankly, bluntly,


straightforward, honestly, openheartedly
r.r*' afrah* purer, clearer; sinoerer

jj*s+

fwtftr

pl.

jj-Ij-*

parpir*

cricket {zool.); cockroach (syr.)

_p*j

tatih

pl.

-t,

;L*J

tapritp

j\~*r* parpr crioket


^\j^ pirf

(zool.)

(pubo)

statement,

deolaration;

per-

way, path, road


(par' t
feil,

mission, (officieJ) permit, lioense

^j~0 para'a a
x

pir\ ?_r^> mapra') to

^0

parajca

u (l^
call

pv.rfc,

&*#)

throw down,
( s.o.);

bring to the ground

to ory, yell, scream, shriek, shout; to

pass. puri'a to be epileptio,


fit;

ory for help; to

(^

s.o.); to call out,

have an

epileptic

to be or go

mad

t'
III
(

512

to wrestle

(also

as

Sport), fight

to pay out, disburse (J to issue, give out (* s.th.,

money

to);

with

s.o.)

VI to wrestle with one

e.g., tiokets),

another

VU

to be or go

mad VUI

VI

make

out

(* s.th.,

e.g.,

a permit); to

f j*

par* epilepsy

spend, devote (J or Jl or
effort on); to pass,
s.th.,

* time,

f j* pur* rein

doing

s.th.);

spend (j * time at to ohange money


|

gj*
insane,

part pl.

jj*

par'd

thrown to
genit.)

(>);

to infleot (* a word)
to

jt>

jkJI

<J>j*

the ground, felled; epileptio; demented,

(nafar)

avert
s.th.,

one's

glance

from,

mad, orazy; (with


s.th.,

fall,

disregard
s.th.,

pay

no attention to

succumbing to
s.th.,
|

fallen

viotim to

leave s.th.

out of oonsideration;

\ij*

^- to be kled (in battle);


9*

(>Js*

pro*/) to oreak, grate II to


off,

v|/~^ d_r"
bottle; j;j53i

aS-farb addicted to the


f.

oause to flow

draw

off

(* water);

mj+
pl.

al-kar overoome

by

to drain (* land); to dispatoh, expedite,

sleep

wind up, liquidate

(* business); to

ohange

fr** mapra*
ground;
ruin,

gjU

mapri'* battle
perdition,

money
seil

(*);

to market,

retail, distribute,

(*

merehandise),

dispose
(*

(*

of

destruction,

death; fatal oooident; vital part of the

merohandise) ;
to give a free
let
(
s.o.)

to

oiroulate
(

s.th.);

body
death)

(the injury

of whioh oan oause

hand

to

s.o. in s.th.),

dispose freely

(j over,

in), s.o.

grant the right of disposal (J

to

f
of

l^

miprtf pl. >jL** maprV* leaf

over or in

s.th.); to infleot (*

a word),

a door;

hemistioh

fj/-U

U-

oonjugate (* a verb), deoline (* a noun)

door panel; **\j*** J* rj2** rtfaihi) the door is wide open


wrestling, f\j*0 pirif
fight, struggle
4.JLma

vM' ( m*9"

to

aot

independently;

to

dispose

freely,

have the right of disposal (j


to

wreetng match;

over);

move
(j
in),

freely,

aot

without
(freely)
o.s.,

restriotion

administer

mupra'a wrestling, wrestling

(j

s.th.);

to behave, aot, oonduot


o.s.
;

match;

fight, struggle
ftftna" fight, struggle, conflict,

comport
funotions

to

exeroise

saoerdotal

(Copt.-Chr.);

to
|

be infleoted

f-ljk^l

(gram.);

to

be

derived

U^

0^*1
away;
leave

controversy
9 jj*** mapr' thrown to the ground,
felled; epileptio;

j LLT (taparrufan
demented, insane, mad,
to go away,
(je s.th.);

Icaiflyan) to

prooeed

arbitrarily in or at VII to turn

depart (je from),

orazy
9 jL** mupri* wrestler; fighter

to give up, abandon, relins.o.,

quish, quit (je

s.th.);

to flow

off,

J^

parafa

(aar/)
*,

to turn; to turn away,


s.o.,

drain; to

pass

on,

ohange over, turn

avert

(j*

s.th.

from);
(j*

to
*

one's attention (Jl to s.th.); to proceed


(Jl

dissuade,
s.o.

alienate,

keep

away

to Borne aetivity or to do
o.a.,

s.th.); s.th.);

to to

from); to divert, distract (j*


(Jl

s.o.
e.g.,

apply

devote

o.s.

(Jl

to

from); to turn, direct

* s.th.,

be spent, be expended (money); to be


issued,

one'a eyes, one's attention, to s.th.); to

be made out
i.e.,

(e.g.,

ticket);

to
|

grant leave, dismiss, send

away

( s.o.);

be

fully,

triptotioally,

infleoted

to give

s.o. ()

the bnish-off; to spend,


for);

<Ju
to do

Jl

J>j~*i\
o.a.;

to

withdraw by

o.s.,

ezpend (J

money

to defray the
for s.th.);

isolate

J*i

Ji^aJl

to set about

oost (j* of s.th.),

pay (J

s.th.,

proceed to do

s.th.

513

<->S"
J>s*j taaarruf
over),
pl.

J>s*
oation

fiarf

averting, turning

away; ei-

free diaposal

penditure, expense; spending, uae, appli(e.g.,

right of disposal;

usufruct;

ad-

of time, of

effort,

eto.); is-

ministration ;

aotion,

way
(in

of

aoting,

suance, iasue, ma.friwg out; disbursement;

demeanor, behavior, oonduot ; outflow,


effluz,

money ohanging;

barter

(Isl.

Law) ; drainjjj-* purf)

effluenoe,

Output

terms of

age; infleotion {gram.);

(pl.

the

oapacity

of a

pump), disoharge,
measures,
|

adversities, misfortunes (also _^-dl jjj


9.

throughput, quantity of water flowing

ad-dakr)

Jj,JI ILA ma^affat

a- f. (d.)

through;
positions,

pl.

dli^^j

dis-

power

Station; drainage Station,

pumping

regulations
regulation

j^u

j^^J

Station; J /~Jlj-'''' 00-0.

exchange rate;

(munjaz)
diately
(Isl.

effeotive

immeat-t. ai-t.

^JI
j jkJI

'um

as-s.

morphology (gram.);

Law); y-Jl

j hum
mitflog

Jjj*J\ j*

fjU
(6i-*.

indeclinable (gram.); j^-tj


in-noair)

discretion;

^adl

jlL.

regardless

of,

having unrestricted right

of disposal,

irrespeotive of, notwithstanding, to say

invested with fll power; -Jp^ij freely;


-j^-J

nothing of

cJ- at

s.o.'s

disposal;

l^t

Jy

J>s* sirf pure, unadulterated, unmixed; mere, shoer, absolute


OLij-
sarflyt

**j~sS c--

to put s.th. at s.o. 's disposition;


(.

&

oU^^j

ax-xaman the vioissitudes

payments, disburse-

of time
J*\j~mJ\

ments
~^ij~"
pari/

inpirdf

going

away,

leave,

squeak(ing),

creak(ing),

squeal(ing)
<J>\j~0

departre; avertedness, aversion (j* to); abstention (& from), renunoiation (j*of)

sarrf

money ohanger;

cashier,

j_r- maprf devoted, dedicated


to B.th.);
ty

(Jl

teuer, treasurer; paymaster; banker

money

spent, ezpenditure; pl.

<JujL. majrif* ezpensea, expendi-

v\j~0

parrfa

(woman)

cashier

tures,oosts|jjjJI

^TIAdl

~**\j~*

(woman)

Jy _r-and Jj jJl JojU-w

ticket agent

postage;

^JJ

^jjy* m, al-jaib pooket

Jl/w fiairaf pl. J>j\~+ pay&rif*

money

money;

JujLJ.1

^U-

postage

free,

ohanger; cashier, teuer, treasurer

Jjw pairafi money ohanger;


urer
iijj- pari/a
pl.

pl.

-ijL-

sayrifa
treas-

franked; <JujUail jj (waj) to cover the eosts, defray the expense; j* ^jj-**
*a-x\

cashier,

teuer,

(faidma) dismissed, discharged

Jj^-ti.

mvtaparrif approx.: provinoial


(Ir.;

Ju^
pl.

aar'if* reed-

governor
the 14

adminiatering any one of


q.v.);

mat hut
Jij-ft*

liwd* f

former

title

of a

maprif

Turkish administrative
iJijUa*

maprif*

offioer in

Arab

drainage canal, drainage

countries
ditoh,

drain;
(at

bank; pay
bank)
'Juy-j

offlce,

teller's

window

ISj^u mutasarrifiya
a m%Uaparrif
(q.v.),

Jurisdiction

of

approx.: province;
authority,
etc.,

tofirif

drawing
retail,

dignity,
off (of water),
distri-

government,

drainage;

of a mutaparrif
aale,

disposal,

bution;

change,

alteration;
|

infleotion,

Jtj^u munparif
triptotioal

fully

inflected,

i.e.,

declension,
t.

oonjugation

^oll JujU-J
<-ijy-*J

(gram.);

i_'^,y,U

the

money

ad-dahr the vicissitudes of fate;


settlement,
affairs

spent, expendituras

ji-lll

windup, or manage*

J*s*u

munparaf
|

departre,

leave,

ment, of

going away

c*

J*^

V (munparafa)

^-r*
indispensable, inevitable;

514

^i,^* mun*

JjU-*- matfl fool

sara/oAum
they

at

their

departure,

when

l^a^ pTu&a u
difflcult

left; jlfJl

Jj^*

(m. tn-noAdr) at

(^

?u'&a) to be hard,

the parting of day, at day's end

"^
to

paruma u
be

(*tj~

armo) to be sharp;
harsh,

embarraasing, (J* for); to be shooking, unpleasant (J* for, to) II to make hard, make difflcult (* J for s.o.
s.th.);
s.o.

stern,
i

hard,

severe;

to present as difflcult (* J to

farama
sever
s.o.)

{farm, furm) to cut, out off,


s.th.);
(

s.th.)

to

become

difflcult;

to

(*

to

leave,
s.o.),

forsake

make
please

(* s.th.)

hard or

difflcult

VI to be

separate

from

part

with

difflcult

(of

a person); to be hard to
consider
difflcult

s.o.)

n to out, cut off,


V

cut through, sever,


to decrease, wane,

to find or

separate (* s.th.)

(* s.th.)
_-***

dwindle; to elapse, go by, pass; to be


pat, be bygone, be over (time) VII to elapse, go by, pass ; to be past. be bygone,

pa'b pl. <_>U~#


|

pi'fc

hard,diffioult;

pl.

diffloulties

J-Vl
UyV'

i^
*-"*
*

hard to
td-irf
_-*^

bear, oppreesive;

be over (time)

hard to please, fastidious; ^l/LI

>^
*+j*

arm severance, Reparation


firma
pl.

obstinate, stubborn, self-opinionated, recalcitrant, headstrong; *-*~0

iU

fumZo)

tj*

piram

herd of

hard currenoy

cameis

^w*
Jj*

ju'w&o diffloulty
stubbornness,

^[^

<>_y~*

parma

Bharpness,

keenness;
rigor,

obstinacy,

recalcitrance,

harshness,

sternness,

severity,

refractoriness

unfriendliness

^L*.
le j*

tTM^KTift 1 difflculties

farima horse bridle

lyU*. mvframa estrangement, break,


antagonism, hostility

J^m

pa'tar wild

thyme (Thymus serpyllum;

bot.)

ajU t&rim sharp, harah, hard, severe,


stern
elapsed, past, bygone (V*-' fn-unfarim (period of time)

Om

*fl

2a a {sy** ^u'd) to rise, go up; to


climb,

lift,

ascend,

slope

upward; to
(*
s.th.),

mount,
climb

scale,

ascend,

climb
;

up

(*
Jl

on
*j

s.th.)

to to

take

off
s.o.

(airplane) ;

**#
.
.

make

II to ascend, s.o. up to mount; to go upstream; to travel to

ascend, lead

L^ parma pl.
(syr.)

*j* furam
pl.

(eg.)

shoe
\j\j* far&ml

Upper Egypt; to send up


cause (* s.th.) to
rise

s.o.);

to

SjL^ furmya
shoe

-i,

or ascend; to heave

made

of red or yellow leather;

(from one's breast), utter (* sigh, wails,

shoes

and the
orate
to
,

like)

to cause

(* s.th.)
{

to evap*
s.th.
|

vaporize ,

volatilize

Sublimate

(* s.th.;

ehem.)

x^
to

jU

rin

mast, pole

and jjL pdriya ^i\ ^jL ?.


|

pl.jl-

*w*w

cAj
make
ascend

(xafart) to
(

heave deep sighs IV to


or advance;

s.o.)

ascend

J-'aiam flagpole
(Jl
;

to elevated terrain); to go

maffaba, mififaba

pl.

^L** ma^ 1

upstream

to

travel

up,

travel

to
lift,

outdoor stone bench (but into the side


of

evaporate.

vaporize

VI

to

rise,

a house), mastaba

ascend

515

i*-* it'd height, altitude

pa'iga a
rise,

and
be
|

pass.

pu'iqa

(pa'aq,
;

U*^
lose

*-U^

pa'da

pl.

pa'adt

incline;

pa'qa)

to

thunderstruck
*;1C

to

slope, deolivity

consciouBness
lifting,

j *+

(maknihi)
if

*y~0 pu'd ruing,


take-off (of

to stop dead in one's tracks, stand as

ascending;

thunderstruck
destroy
stupefy,
(

an airplane); ascent; boom;


toward)
|

IV to strike down,

slay,

advance
robb

(Jl

^1 ^^0

s.o.;

of lightning); to stun,
(* s.o.)

p.

ar-

and ^*_JI
(Chr.)

0-t 'id ap-p.

Ascension

Day

make unconscious bo Struck by lightning

VII to

*j*~0 pa'd Bteep hill

fr** pa'aq thunder, peal of thunder

V^* ptt'id pl. upland, plateau;


*.

.u-
4-a^JI
|

pu'ud highland,

J~ pa'iq thunderatruck,

dumfounded

and j^.

-L.U*

UpL*

p'iqa pl.

J^l^
Struck

paw'iq* bolt of

m^r Upper Egypt


common
basis,

-\j -Uu- j on on common ground, on


in-

lightning, thunderbolt

3j*-*

map'q

by

lightning;

equal footing,
discriminately;

without distinction,
.u-lj

thunderstruck,

stupefied,

dumfounded;

-l.u*

congenial,

crushed, destroyed
iSUjt-* pa'laka loitering, loafing

like-minded, kindred in spirit, agreed


j^s-*

pikt*

pl. AiU.

pa'dyida Upper

Egyptian

!}J^0 pu'lk
|

pl.

iLJU^

pa'&llk* utterly

destitute; have-not, pauper, poor wretoh;

low

pu'ad'' (deep) sigh

.I-U-Jl
(

tJ _rJ

beggar; tramp, vagabond, loafer

ianaffasa

p-pu'ad'a

to

aigh

(deeply),

heave a (deep) aigh


**''

?~0
UcL**

pagura

(pigar,

SjU* pagra)

and
lit-

matfad

pagira a (pa^ar) to bo or
pl.

map'id1

become small,
to

point
tle,

of ascent

scanty; to diminish, decrease, wane,


;

dwindJe

to

be

young

be

lowly,

U**lift;

mtpW
anode

pl.

o*L** ma^'? elevator,

submisaive,

servile,

humblo;

pagara

u
lift

(pagr)

to
|

be

younger

(._>

than

u .^ i

mip'ada elevator,
pl.

s.o.

by)

Iuj Vi

J>-* L

(bi-sanatin)
I

o*L* *Tid
asoending
fa-p'idan
l-uLi

he was only one year younger than

0*1^

^owd'id" rising,
|

II

to

make

small(er) or little(r),

lessen,

(also, e.g.,

of vapore)
that,

lj*L*i

minimizo,
(a
s.th.);

reduce,

diminish,
deride,

and beyond

decrease
ridicule,

^, from on, from upward;


j>.

and more;

to

belittle,
(*,

debasc,

bemean
o.s.

s.o.,

s.th.);

lo*Li ^/l

(min al-na) from now on,

to

form a diminutive
prove
fawn, cringe, grovel
s.th.)

henceforth
-uL*i* muto^n'f rising, ascending (also,
e.g.,

(* of

a noun) VI to

contemptible,

be

servile,
(*, * s.o.,

X
of

to

deem

of vapors)

small,

little
s.o.,

or paltry; to
s.th.),

make

j*~* pa'ira a (pa'ar) to be

awry

light (*,
(face;

of

undervalue
of

with
(*, s.o.,

s.o., s.th.);

pride) II 4^

j^0 (kaddah) to put on a contemptuous mien

to think
4-Ju

little <*,

of

s.th.)

jk^Ji

(nafsah) to

feel inferior

j**

pa'aqa a

(*L*

fiaiqa)

to strike s.o.
hit,

jis
ness,

pigar smallncss, littlenoss, scantipaltriness, pauoity, insignificance


(also

()

down with
(

lightning, destroy,

slay

s.o.;

of lightning);
(

to

stun,

youthfulness, juvenility
9.

jJI

stupefy,

make unconscious

^0

s.o.);

aa-sinn)

J~
\ji~0 fijra: *>_>jl

S18

:>-. j of

(.

abawaiki)
parents'

(ji*0

and

ji->)

U_ pa#J u (>-
bend, lean

o0i, to,

he

is

the

youngeet

hia

au^flw)

to

inoline,

(Jl

ohildnn

toward);
jnjfr

ji

safi'ya

a (ajan, fufiy)

j^
fufara*'
venile,

pL

jU-

to inoline, bend, lean (Jl to, toward);


0ft-,

iAeoanty,

to listen (J to) IT to listen,

pay attention,
s.th.,

mall,

little;

paltry,

lend one's ear (J or Jl to

to

s.o.),

jnaigninoant; tiny, minute; young, ju-

minor; a minor, one ander age


.

heed (J or

Jl s.th.)

jj\ jj**
t.

owwin young; u-bi\

jr*

ji~ fafto

and U~ fa$an
will

inolination,

an-na/s mean-spirited, base, Bervile,


jviU^LI jl*

disposition, tendenoy; affeotion, attach-

toadying, aringing, groveling


t.

ment, good

ahmuwa&afln small
offloials;
i.e.,

offldals,

subLittle

altern

>J

U_l ifj' attention, attentivenesa

J-Jl

('W)

Bairam,

the feast of faat breaking

*L* jfin inelined, diaposed; attentive;


listener, hearer
^

on the lat of Shawwal; IjSj ijJ^t Jf


JbuUu
f.

wo-fcaWro every detail


aoJJro

--

muj0n attentive;

listener,

hearer

ijj^t
ain

pL /'lw auja"4
minor

venial
pl.

(JJ.

Law);

miatake;

trivialltiea, trines

*
littlenese,

faa u
np,

ifiaff)

to set

up

in

a row or

line,

line
;_,U_.

align,

array,

arrange,

Order

aajdra

paltrineaa,
( s.th.); to set,

oompose

( type, typ.);
s.o.

aoantineea, pauoity; lowlineaa, servility,

to rnge, olass, olaasify (*.


humility, humblenesa
jl^\

among);

to out ( s.th.) in Strips 11 to set


uflra,
pl.

up

in

atjar',

f.

jjL*

m.
|

a row
arrange,

or

line,

line

up,

align,

array,
(*

jiLl

O04fltr* smaller, litt ler;

younger

Order

s.th.);

to

oomb

^^jll _^_l

o.

aJ-Jarroin the leiser of

the hair) straight YI to line up, take


position in a

two

evils;

if_^JI

W*'

-Aaia

Minor;

row or

line,

stand in a row

j>JI JjJ ((juimi) the amall oountriea; ^^Jl bj^- (aOnyd) Palestine; Jjl^JI
^J^JI the wiwimnTW
ju_*j fa* \r dimlnution, leaaening, decrease, rednotion
|

or line, be lined up, be aligned, be strung


in a line

vm
(o.g.,

VI; to

fall in,

stand in
|

formation (of a military detaohment) -L J to line the road, JjjUI ^-iU- Jl

j^ill

f\

w *W.

form a lane

troops, polioe, eto.)

diminutive (oram.)

J^,
oontempt,
dis-

taff

aligning

or
(pl.

arranging

jU^I
regard

a0dr

diadain,

in a line or

row;

JjJ~ *u/S/)
tier,

row,

line, nie,

rank, queue; row, or

of seata; grade, form (in sohool); ola,

jiLti tatSjvr aervility, toadying, orlnging, groveling

aourse;
,JI

seotion,

division,

group

ad-dam blood group


machine;
pl.

iT

jiL.

flir

low, lowly, deapised, oon-

J>jji-\ typesetting

*J*J( J*jL*
tJusf)

temptible; humiliated, meek, dejeoted;


anbmiaalve, servile; aabjeot (J to
s.o.)

(also

iLi Ja**

JL-*

nonin*

oommiasioned

offloer;

jju*

Jtil

jm.

taqama puffan to

line

up

in

rows or

mufafjar
|

reduaed,

deareased,
filee

diminiahed

>*..

hy" J

(**) on a
fufaf
(atone)

rednced or amall

aoale, in miniature; ]

jm.

iflrn) miorofilm

molding; ledge

517

.JiU-. tafftf
aetter,

and

ijjjJ.1

jLL.

type-

>*-
j-Li^

>W i'orgiving, ready to forgive


mffQ
pl.

compoaitor
mataJS
pl.

Jt-mj,

jL. mafajf
line;
|

&, jyU*

a/a/ty

poaition
line,

(of

an army);
folL

plate, aheet, leaf; flagatone, atone alab

battle

row,

nie;

compoaing atiok
genit.)

(typ.)

JiL*. Jl ^i,
.o.

?i~*
jj-j

tatflh plating
lafaffult

(with

to olaaa
level

with,

examination, acrutini-

put
-

s.o.

on the eame
(fafh)

with
widen,
plate
s.o.,

zation, aorutiny, atudy

fafaha a

to

broaden,
foliate,

*-

mufaffah

ahapad into

platea

flatten,

beat into a
to to

leaf,

or thin layera, plated, foliated; armored, armor-olad,


ironolad,

( a.th.);
a.th.) II

pardon, forgive (je


broaden,

metal-corered
|

widen,

flatten,

r>*- <-> (jufai)

plywood;

ku. IjU.
oar,

beat into a

leaf, foliate ( a.th.);

to roll

(aoyyra) armored sar

out (*
-with

a.th.);

to plate, orerlay, or oorer,


( a.th.);

metal platea

to armor

(* a.th.);

to equip, furniah, corer (i^ *


III to

mufaffaka pl. -m armored armored reoonnaiaaanoe oar (m.)


>

a.th. with)
s.o.);

ahake handa

with

u> fa/ada
( a.o.)

i (fa/S)

to bind, fetter, ahaokle


I

to greet

(. e.o.);

to tonoh ( a.th.)

n and IT =
tafad
pl.

lightly or gently, graze ( a.th.), bruah,

glide ( orer a.th.), paas,


a.th.,

blow

(
|

orer

ii~*
fetter

jlL.1 oa/dd bond,

tie,

of the wind, breath, eto.)

~>L>
aar
to
(a

<*jr

(sam'ah)
leaf,

to
(

reaoh

a.o.'a

jlL.
.

fi'/d

bond,

tie, fetter

^J_JI
|

jlL.

V to
a.th.)
()

thumb

a book,
regard,

etc.);

al-yadom manaole, handtmff


"

examine,

scrutinize,

atudy

VI to ahake handa

to aak

'>- *a/ora
a.o.'a

(jJu, aa/Cr) to whiatle (bird,


to
hiaa

forgireneaa ( for), apologize (

to

peraon);
atridulate

(anake);

to

chirp,
(airen)

a.o. for)

(dicket);

to

aoream

*
^LL.

n=
fafh

pardon,

forgireneaa;
|

(pl.

< (vj-') Vj- UU~ to turn away from a.o. or a.th.,


t ifh) aide, aurfaoe

jJL* aa/lr whiatling, whiatle,


abore); high, thin tone
j*iJI Jtjj- aibilanta;
(e.g.,

eto. (aee
|

of a flute)

pasa
alight,

orer

a.o.

or

a.th., s.o.

ignore,
s.th.,

anub,
deaiat

aee alao below


whiatle; airen
all-olear
|

diaregard

or

and alphabetioally
iilu pajfra
pl.

from

B.th.

-M

i.

fa/ha

pl.

eafaht outaide,

ex-

uUVI

SjLL#

f. f.

al-amn

airen;

terior; plane, surface; page; leaf, aheet;

jl&Vi SjlL
'ji-t II

al-inf&r

waming
make

airen

phaae
to dye yellow,
a.th.)

yellow,

to

broad aide or aurface; aheet f*~* *?/ty iron; tin, tinplate; tin platea, tin aheeta
i-^i-. paflha pl.

yellow (

yellow; to pale,

IX to turn beoome pale


grew
pale,

yellow, to
|

<^j ji~.\
turned

^IL.
ledger

taf/Tih' plate,

(wajhvka)

he

he

aheet (of metal), leaf (of wood), alab,

white
ji-t au/r braaa;

nag
oan

(of

stone),

atone

(on

tomb);
|

money

tin

plate, tin aheet;


.

oan, Jerry

j^JI ^LL^

al-mifrO'
f.

door

jJu fiafar iaundioe


iji~

panel;

Jjill

$\i-0

al-miqwal

au/ra yellow color,

yellowneaa,

phonograph records, gramophone diacs

yellow; pallor, paleneaa (of the face)

518

jlL pafr yellow


pallor, paleneaa
|

color,

B.th.
f.

yellow;
ai-baifa

</</ even, level; waste, desolate,

<~*Jl jli-.

barren,

empty
li

<_ .*..* fli

wasteland,

eggyolk
jlL
jA*\
fajjr pl.
affar*,
1

desolate area ;
broas founder
.!>-
pafr'*,
pl.
|

aiy Uli

*L*- to de vastate

s.th., lay s.th.

waste
buffet,

f.

>-
**

jL-c

jw/o'o

(paf) to cuF,

alap

^u/r yellow;
*\j*-0

pale,

pallid,

wan

h'ghtly (* s.o.); to alap a.o.'a () face,


s.o. 's {*)

box

(<fahka)

forced,

or

embarrassed,

ears; to violate (* a rule) YI to

laugh;>-1 ^.l* (nuAJ) brass


1yL* tafr'
^--*
(ff-)
7

slap one another

bile, gall

Ui~ fafa blow

(n. vic.)

kp,

onff,

smack;

golden

oriole (zool.)

*U_

jWJT' pl.

-n a kind of buffoon

ojUu* fufriya golden


jjI^jL
fafriui
ijJ-\

oriole (zool.)

bilious;

choleric

jj_ tafaqa
|

(<w/g) to slap,

smack

(*, s.o.,

Ijj\jLJ\

{humm)
(tfoAto)

yellow
bitter,

fever;

s.th.);

to set into motion {* s.th.); to


clap; to shut,

ijlji-

>

or sar-

Aap,
door);

slam, bang

(*

donic, laugh'(= Fr. rire


jljjL^I iffirr

jawu)

pafuqa

u (IL

fafqa) to be

thick, heavy, close in tezture (cloth) II to

ydlowing, yellow; pallor,

Aap, clap, smack; to clap one's hands


(also <jXj),

paleness (of the face)


j1l*a
pallid,

applaud

(J s.o.); to

Aap

(<-

mutfarr

yollow-colored;

pale,

the wings)
4JUU0

wan
a
(fafar,

pafqa

pl.

pafaqt handolasp (in

*jJu fiafira

jy-0

fiufr) to be empty,

concluding
contract

a
(Ul.
|

deal);

conclusion
deal,

of

be

devoid,
Jb

vacant
(fafirat

(^*

of)

>jJl*
loat

Law);

bargain,

jDI j*

yadvh) to have

transaction

S^-U- iL* poor deal, bad

B.th. II to

empty, void, vacate, evacuate,

bargain; i*lj IJL0 favorable deal, good bargain;


*x^\j

free (* s.th.)

IV

<L# fafqatan tohidakm ju# ui* to conclude


a
transaction;

II
all

at once, wholly, entirely, altogether;


)J

jju*

fajr,

$ifr,

fufr,

fiafir,

fiufur

pl.

JLu#

L*l

(a'f),

jU_l

affr

empty, void, devoid,


from)
|

{^*

bargain,

effeot

iU
cJ

of), free (<>

j.jJ\ jk^m 9%\r al-ya*

jj-iil

UjLaj

(^

or) to lose the

game,

dain empty-handed
jjL* fifr zero, naught; nothing
jju\ affar1

return

empty-handed ;
do.

3iLJ 1*1

^JiM

empty, void

JU- fiifq pl. J*-* underakin ; Peritoneum


|

*u/2

dermis,

jju** mvffir

empty-handed

J-Jl

j*~**

m. al-yad with an empty hand; j***


.^1 J^" ^m oJI without any possessions at all, completely destitute

J-jL> ja/ig

pl.

jLLi

fi/d? thick, heavy,


|

close in texture (cloth)

*^J\ ?*-*

oJ-uujA impndent, insolent, brazen

*sL* fafar

pl.

jU_l af/r Safar,


of

name ofthe

U_#

pafqa

impudenoe,

insolence,

second

month

the

Mohammedan

brazenness

J-L-J
acolaim
|

*a^/f?

hand clapping; applause, OU^i^Vl J^-*J applause

'_>l.-a

^o/p(S/ (coli.;

n. un.

i)

a variety of

wiUow

(Salix Safsaf F.; 6ot.)

^U-.

tafdlri* Sfax (seaport in Tunesia)

51

JJ~ pafana

to stand with

one foot

(<-*)

troubled,

undisturbed,

aerene,

pure,

slightly raised; to pore, brood,


reflect,

ponder,

sheer

muae
pafan
pl.

Ijk^ pafwa, fufwa the best, or choioest,


lL#l affn Bcrotum
part, prime, cream, flower, elite, quint-

jj-*
x

essence
{jJu0 pafin savin (Juniperus sabina; bot.)

LL# so/an
(

(coli.; n.

un. :LL pafh pl.

jkj)

Li* <w/

(paftv,

fufw, Li. jm/6') to

j\jk** #afavrt) stone(s), rook(s)

be or become
cloudless,

clear, unpolluted, limpid,

untroubled,

aerene,

undiso.a.

j^Ltf pafivn stones, rocks


\jk^0 $ifwa sincere friend, best friend,

turbed,
s.th.

pure;

Li.

to apply

to
o.a.

with

cloar

intent,

devote

bosom

friend

wholeheartedly to, be completely given


to,

be

Bolely

preocoupied

with,

be

Li* faf* clearness, clarity, limpidity,


untroubledness,
cloudlesaneaa.
serenity,
felicity,

ezcluBively ready for (heaxt, mind) II to


purity,

make
purify

sheernesa ;

happiness,

cloar, limpid, pure, clarify, clear,

serenity, gaiety, cheerfulness; sincerity,


(a
s.th.);

to Bettle,

straighten

candor, honesty

out

(Jt .

mtu'alatan

Li#

question,

a
time, delightful houra

oUU

pleasant

problem); to remove the water, pour


off

the

water (* from

s.th.,

o.g.,

in

cooking; also *Ut

*U-#);

to rid of

J- fafiy clear, limpid, untroubled, undisturbed, serene, oloudlera, pure,


sheer;
(pl.

moistuxe, dry out {* s.th.); to olarify,


purify, reotify (* a.th., j*
s.th.);

l~wl

afifitf'*)

sinoere friend,

by removing
to
realize

best friend,

bosom
pl.

friend
LLL- pafy Ieader's

to

filter,

strain (* s.th.); to settle,


(*
a.th.);

*Ju* fiafiya

pay,

liquidate

(*

ahare of the loot; lion's share of the

assets) III to

be sinoere
(

{* s.o.)

toward
IV

a.o),

deal honestly
(i

with

booty

III

or J); to be
poeaesa

no

longer in a poeition
forfeit; to
|

J^. ma$fan

refinery

(to ...),

no longer,

sieve J-*. mi$fan

cease compoaing
^JJIj

poetry (poet)
in

#Li#l

IUm** mififh
colander,
for

pl. iJiL*

maffin Btrainer,
cloth ;
|

to have s.o.

mind
out
in

for s.th.,
a.o.

filter ;

strainer

sieve

choose, select,
s.th.,

or

single

refinery, purification plant


coffee filter, peroolator
<Jl**J

J^iJl SU***

grant

s.o.

s.th.

preference to
s.th.

others,

bestow

upon

s.o.

(ji
taffiya
pl.

Si which others do not have) VI to


be
sincere

-t

ohuification,
flg.);
filter-

toward

one

another,

be

clearance, purification (also


ing,
filtration;

honest with one another,

be of pure

elimination

(also

in

intent toward one another VIII to choose,


select
s.th.)
(*

sports);

settlement,

Btraightening

out,

s.o.)

pure

VIII; to
|

deem
j-^l

(*

adjustment; Clearing (com.); liquidation


(com.); clearance
t.

clear

or

IL*

to

B&le

oLLJ-l
of

*~LmJ

realize all one's assets; to confiscate s.o.'s

al-hisbt

settlement

accounU;

property
jjL* fiafw clearness, clarity, limpidlty,
untroubledness,
cloudlessnese,
serenity,
felicity,

<Ju*d\

jjA*

offlcial receiver, receiver in

equity

;UL**

mvfifh

cordiality,

conoord,
or

purity ,
pleasure,

sheerness ;
delight ;

happiness,
clear,

harmony; good
disposition

will, sincere attitude

limpid ;

un-

JiLaJ

tapfin

peacefnl

Settlements

^i-w misja'
vodce
1

pl.

^JLm

ma^gi* elo-

oompromise ( jw between)
lik*1
itfif'

quent; loud-voiced, having a stentorian

selection (also WoJ.)

U*sJ

istitfd-:

JI^VI

LL^.1

Se-

JJL* pqoia

(sa^I,

JUL#

figl) to

smooth,
to refine

questration of property

poliah, burnish, out


(* style, taste,

(* s.th.);
like)

JU

s^/En clear, limpid; sheer, pure,

and the

TU

to

straight,

unmixed,

undiluted,

unadnl-

beoome smooth
J-L* faql polishmg, burnishing
|

terated ; untroubled, nndisturbed ; serene

JJL*

pure; net
candid,

S-Jl

jL jU

s.

n-niya sinoere,
J>*i-1

oUiVI mental training


J-m
otftf

openhearted;

jL

net

polished, burnished; smooth,

tonnage; ^LjVI
Ju&*
ceiver

net profit
receiver,
re-

shiny, glossy

mvsa^in
in

offloial

JL# 099dl

polisher,

smoother
polisher,

equity;

olarifler,

olarifying

agent

J~- ^ai^aZ pl.

#U- tayqa

smoother
mvfaffan purified, pure,
olear, 4-LL*.

^t

mipqala

pl.

JJLm masdgtP

bur-

limpid, oloudless

nisher (tool)

Jl* mvtfa/an chosen, selected;


epithet of
j*i* sa/fr

JL.aI.1

Mohammed

Jji-*.

mafiql

poliahed,

burnished;

out (glass, and the like); acute, refined


(wit)

sapphire
tcata)

U-

(It.

fagla

pl.

JJUL# taqfiP

UL look up alphabetioally

scaffold;

gangway, gangplank
approach

-iL*

sa^Iafr pl.

*JUL# faqliba Slav

ifJu* III to

s.o.),

go or oome
(

^tyttya 1 Sioily
.iL sott

near

{* b.o.);

to be neighbon

with

s.o.),

be adjaoent

(* to s.th.), adjoin (* s.th.)

u (*aU) to
|

beat, strike; to ahut,

O <j\~*A mufqaba affinity


x

look (* the door)

ulj^l

cX* bis ears


4*r-

were

tingling

or

ringing;

iL*

JL+ faqr pl. jjJL puqr, JL+\ a$qur sakar,


falcon,

(am'oAfi) to strike s.o.'s ear (noise); to

hawk

roar in s.o.'s ears

TOI

to knock together,

jjiL pqr Btone axe


*JL* paqa'a
(

ahake, tremble (knees), chatter (teeth)


,iL# takk pl.

a
;

(tag'*

(rooater)

pass. puqi'a to

{}*+ W**) to crow be oovered with

Aj+

fukk,

KL-

fikk,
{Isl.

dU

osufcfc

(instrument of) contraot

Law) ;

hoarfrost (gronnd) II to be ioy, ice-eold,

legal instrument,

dooument, deed; check,

oheque
frozen

U pwf

pl. l5*#1 apgff* area, region,

*L*see J*#j
J*# *oUo
t
(

country, district, locality,

Und

f-L#V

J-U
pl.

saM) to

ring, olink,

dank,

Vj^'

-"-^jd!

(mvtajammida, janbiya)

olatter, rattle

the Antarotic
<**-# ^afl'o frost, severe oold

J-*

fiiU

J-)LI oZiU,

J}L

?JdJ

variety of venomous adder, viper

^u

faq? frost; ice; hoarfrost

JJ-

ottl rattle,

clatter,

olash (e.g.,

U*I a^qa'* more eloquent

of weapons), jingling (of oohu)

521

&
palb crucifixion
>

-L# falvba u (o^L


or rigid,
II

faiba)

and
set,

jujfta

to be or beoome hard, firm, solid,


solidify,

stiff,

falib pl.

LL.
jrf\

fulbn, t_J-* pulub

harden,

stufen

cross

tJ>i;l t-^LJI (janbi)


(astron.);

the Southern
the

to

make

hard, firm, solid,


stiffen,

stiff,

or

Cross

.__UJI

Red

rigid,
(*,

harden, solidify,
s.o., s.th.)
;

indurata

to eapport, prop, ahore

Cross; J>j2** <fj-* swastika; i_-LJI jLi and i_-LJl jLil sign of the cross {Chr.);
l.

up (* s.th.) to harden (* the heart) V = I; to ahow o.s. hard or severe


t_i~# fidb hard, firm, solid, stiff, rigid;
Bteel;

m I.,JI J>* 'tid o^-^.

peony (Paeonia;

bot.)

j-L*#

fialibi:

*- !r i m ..L*mJ\

vj^-' the

(of

Crusades; j-aJ-*J1 the orusaders

(pl.

^L!

a?lub,

V V~*I
like)

aflb)

spinal oolumn, baokbone; loina;

text,
|

C^-L- pz&t (representation of the)


crucifixion, crucifix
i_-La. wtu^ooi crossing, interjunotion

body

a book, and the

v--L

^J\

fl.

ar-ra*y obstinate, stubborn, head*

strong,

opinionated;

*JJ\
f,

i_-L

f.

ar-

(of roads)

raqaba do.; *y}\ i_l

al-'Hd of robust

physique, strongly built, huaky, sturdy; stubborn, reaistant, unbending, unyielding, relentless; 4-L

C-L ^aZuto u (5j>L fuftUa) to be glossy, be smooth and shining IT to draw, unsheathe
ufliia to
1

^1 j> (ibn
is bis

pulbihi)

(Jt-Jl as-aaifa the

sword); pass.

and <X+ Cr J* he
offspring;

own

son,

his
**L J

be drawn (sword)
5)

LJJ

v--L

Cr

rj*2

^L*

ftdtaj (coli.; n. un.

pl. -t

cocoon,

(murfara/a

mtn pu&
life;

J-AoyA) a

drama
9

chrysalis of the silkworm

taken from real


his

*_L

at heart, in Uj-- look

innermost
,>*)!

up alphabetioally
pa&SA,

i_L ^utta:
(anof.)

i-L

oZ-'om sclera

^L falaha u a (^tO
i*L**

rji- futA,

mai&zAa)

and

fialuha

(r^

VrL* 0aJ#
rigid

hard,

firm,

solid,

stiff,

pafcty,

v-tA~ falhiya) to be good, right,

proper, in Order, righteous, pious, godly;

to be well, thrive; to be usable, useful,


4j^L

jn&I&a

hardness,

callousneas;

praotioable, servioeable, fitting, suitable,

hardenjng, Induration; firmneas, Bolidity,


stiffhess,

or appropriate
to),

(J

for),

lend
fit

itself

(J

rigidity;

stubbornness,

ob|

suit,

match (J
apply

s.th.),

(~
in,

s.th.

Btinacy,
iyi\
*i*&*0

unyieldingness;
fi.

intoleranoe

or

s.o.),

to

s.o.

or s.th.); to
(at,

al-'vd sternness,

severity,
in-

be admissible, permissible

hardness,

obstinacy,

stubbornness,

with); to be valid, hold true


II to

(J for)

flexibility, relentlessness

put in order,
(* s.th.),

settle, adjust, restore,

lJL-j

tapallub
|

hardness,
t.

callousneas,

restitute

make amends, com(*


s.th.)

hardening

(jwl^l lJL-j

aS-Saryin

pensate (* for); to mend, improve, ameliorate,


fix,

arteriosclerosis
*i*

repair

III

to

mutafaib nnyielding, inflexible,

make
(

peace,

become

reconciled,

make

relentless,

hard
(falb)

up, reach a compromise or settlement

with

s.o.);

tofoster peace (jwbetween),

-L# taiaba
to to

to cruoify

( s.o.) II

I;

reconcile (,> people) IV to put in order,


settle,

make the
cross

o.s.;

sign of the cross (J* over); to cross, fold (* one's

adjust (j* or *
restitute,

s.th.),

overhaul,

restore,

rebuild,

reconstruct;

arms)

to

make amends, compensate (^

or

&
a
for);

to mend, improve, ameliorate,


(,>

jOLJl
(dipl.)

muflag

af-f.

plenipotentiary

fix,

repair

or

B.th.);

to

make

Buitable
a.th.)
;

or

fitting,

adjust,
;

modify (*
to remove,
arable
tili,

Iv-^U ftdhiya

= *-*-"5L* falhiya

to reform

(> or * s.th.)
reclaim,

remedy
or

(,> or * B.th.); to

make

Ll aflah* better, more proper, more


correot; sui table
*

caltivable,

cultivate,

more

pious, godlier; fitter,

more

(a land); to furtber,
( s.o.),

promote, enoourage
thrive or prosper,

make

(* s.o.) (

maflaha pl. j^L*. maflih* matter,

bring good luok

to

s.o.);

to

make

affair;
is

requirement, exigency; that which


helpful,

peace (Jo between), bring together (ju


people), bring about

benefioial,

or

promoting;

between), oonciliate

an agreement (Jo ju people) VI to (


up,

advantage, benefit, interest, good, welfare;


offloe,

authority,

department,
administration

make

peace,

make

beoome

reo-

governmental
(cbiefly Eg.)
|

agency,
*tj^l\

onciled with one another VII to be put


in order, be righted,

j^/l UJ-*- (mit*

be corrected, be im-

riya)

Administration of Egyptian An**"il


I

proved, be ameliorated VIII

VI; to

tiquities ;

jtL m.

al-

umma

the

agree (J* on), aooept, adopt (J* B.th.) X to deem (* s.th.) good, proper, Buitable, fitting, usable, useful, practicable,

welfare of the people;

Aj jJI

<!** postal

administration;
tive agenoy

jj-U-I

U>L^ administraoutaide

for the territories

or serviceable; to
ble, reclaim

make

arable, cultiva-

the cultivated area (Eg.); -y&-1 L1I

(a

land)

(hukmiya) the governmental agencies;


4m]|

-L
(pol.) t

pvih peace, (re)conciliation, settle-

<J-*-

m.

o^iWw

health office;
welfare,

ment, compoflition, oompromiae; peace

**UI

4mL1I

('mma)

public

peacemaking, oonclusion of peace

~LJl rU^LJl
af-fi.

(Syr.) justice of the peace;

commonweal ; o*$i <xl.^ J in s.o.'s interest; li xl lj <^JL*11 j (ma/da)


in

^U

do.;

jJl-JI

<ij~ qafawiyai

good and bad times,


;

for better or for

Jurisdiction of the
pulhi

^LJl ^i
peace
(adj.);

worse

u^i 3*J-1 in

s.o.'b favor, for

the

benefit of s.o., to a.o.'s advantage,

on
f.u-

jj~0
(in

of peaoo,

behalf of

s.o.,

in

a.o.'s

interest;

arbitrative,

arbitrational,
|

arbitratioa-

' ji-L to serve

s.o. 's interests

Compounds)

S-JL* *^r {tojna) ar-

bitration oommittee

jyX mo^IoAt administrational, official,


governmental
JL*; ia#IiA
tution,
pl.

f&+
fulness;

palah

goodness,

properness,

rightness; nsability, practioability,

um-

restoration, resti-

mending,

fixing,

overhauling,

righteousness,

probity,

piety,
repair,

improvement, amelioraon
peace,
conoiliation

godliness

-L mvfiaha
Zf-^L*
falhiya
auitability,
fitness,

compromise; composition, settlement


aptness;
efflciency;
r-^L^I

appropriateness,

usability, practioability, usefulness, uae,

t#iA pl.

-i restoration,

resti-

worth;
ing

servioeabity,
(e.g.,

proper or work-

tution, redressing, reparation; improve-

condition

of

maohine)
(pl.

ment, amelioration, betterment, mending,

competenoe; validity, applicability;


-t) fll

oorrection ;

reoonstruotion ;

reconrefur-

or

mandatory power, power of at|.

ditioning,

repair;

renovation,

torney, also **U --"iL* (t&mma)


i_-^LJ! iitVi

0L4*-

bishing;

adjustment, settling, remedy -

oompetent authorities; J*

ing, removal, elimination; restoration

of

523

order, eetablishment of peaoe, happineas

^L** muslih peacemaker,


reformer, reformist; aalt

oonoiliator;

and order; reformation, reform;


ciliation, settlement,

reola*

mation, oultivation (of land); (re)oon-

oompromiae, peace-

plU- musfalah and 4,1 pU- gwwndly


aooepted, univeraally followed,

inaking

(,ju

between)
establishod,

oommonly

oonventional,

ouatomary;

y'$~*\
l

tflht

reformatory,
(in
|
l

reformare-

(pl.

-t)

teohnieal term, terminus teoh-

tional,

reform-

Compounds);
-i+**

former, reformist

y'^~l

(ma'had)

reformatory, houae of oorreotion


V-'iL! p2a^yareviaioiiism,refonnism;
(pl. -t)

oL*

sttfada

(o^ salda, ^L* svlda)


firm,
solid,

to be

or

become hard,

oompaot

(ground) IV
-iL*

reformatory, houae of oorreotion


said pl.

j^-I aslOd hard,

firm,

iLJ taslvh
^jmI
linguiatio)
ivtiniia

(re)eonoiliation
pl. -dt

solid, dry, barren, arid (ground); rigid,


lifeleas, inert

itfildh

agreement,

Convention, practica, uaage; (oolloquial,

jjL fv&da hardness, firmness, solidity


(of the ground)

uaage;

teohnieal

term, ter-

teohnioua
'*~*L*
(It.
|

salsa)

fal^a pl. -t

and ^aL*

y'^LMtft
|

isftldJkt

oonventional ;

teoh-

sauoe

>Jj;L LaL mayonnaise


to
ring,
olink,

nieal (of a term)

JmJL*
V =*!
istisl&h

salfaJa

olank;

to

reclamation, oultivaolatter, rattle II tasalsala do.

tion

iLJL

palsaJa clank(ing),

olatter(ing),

iL*

fSiih good, right, proper,

aound;
olash, rattle

thorough, substantial,

downright,

out-

and-out, aolid; virtuou, pioua, devout,

jLaL
earth

salsl

dry clay,

arglaceous

godly; uaable, uaeful, praoticable, servioeable, fitting, auitable, approprlate (J for);


(pl.

j^LLc mupalfah L* saXCa a


L

i ]j~* sawlih') advantage,


good, welfare
|

pU shallow,
to be bald

ahoal, flat

beneflt,
<JJ_II
(saia')

intereat,

iL-Jl

(2a/) the

worthy anoeston, the vener-

paia' baldneas

able forefathers; j*Jl


able,
r (

iL*

(ir)
J*JI

pass-

praoticable
fit

(read);

iL*

i*L* svta, saia'a bald pate, bald head

amal)

for

aotion,

ready for ose,


valid
(J for),

U
OLL*

o*Zo',

f.

*LU

*aT<P,

pl.

+ fuT,

serviceable,

praoticable;
(J
to);

pui'dn bald(-headed)

applicable

fUl

public

welfare,
foll.

oommonweal;
in

UJl ('mm) iL* j


of, in

**L# abbreviation of the eulogy following


the

(with

genit.)

favor of, for the

name
*JU
-il

of the Prophet

benefit of, to the

ad rantage

the

intereat of s.o. or a.th.; iL*) do.; ,y S*


4*-L it

J-* (mUd, *aam) him and grant him salvation!

Mohammed: God bleu

was

in his intereat; <_!*?

i|^

u-L* salifa a (palaf) to boast, brag, bluater,

i&akptya) personal intereets

oU-LJI
good deeda

as-slihdt the

good works, the

<_L# salaf vainglory, bragging, boasting, oonoeit, arrogaooe,

pompoaity,

seif-

iU*L* mvs&lih peacemaker, oonoiliator

import&noe

524

iL

jaJt*/ pl.

UL fulaff* vainglorious,
off,

-*

famna
*jf

(Ist pera. perf.

famimtu) a (^tmm,
deaf;

biagging, boastful, showing

pompons,

famam) to be or beoome
(Ist

blustering, a waggering; braggart, boaster,

pamma
(pamrn)

pers.
olose,

perf.

pamamtu)
oork,

ahow-off, swaggerer, fonrflusher


l-'iI

to

plag,

stopper

,T

tafauf

vainglory,

bragging,

(* B.th., e.g.,
s.o.);
s.th.),

bottle) II to deafen (.

boasting, oonceit, arrogance, pomposity,

to

make np

one's

mind (J* to do
s.th.), s.th.),

self-importanoe
tjJ.^1. mvtafaif

vainglorious,
off,

brag-

determine (J* upon, to do resolve, be determined (J* to do

ging,

boastful, showing

pompous,

blustering,

waggering
the
J

deoide (J* on, to do s.th.); to persist (J* in); to design (* s.th.); to plan
(* s.th.),

design (J * s.th. for) IT to


(
s.o.),

jL

to

perform

salat

(SjL

see

be or beoome deaf; to deafen

below), pray, worship

^-UL

J^

to

make
*
***

( s.o.)

deaf
(

(*,

& to

B.th.)

VI to

lead people in prayer; J* J- to pray for; (of Ood) to bleta s.o.: ^, J* dl J-


(joflam)

gjve a deaf ear

j to)

fiimma plng, oork, stopper

Ood bleu bim and graut bim

salvationt (eology alter the zuune of the

famam

deafhess

j*

^j
O

S"

Prophet Mohammed)
yL,
salat,

to be deaf to s.th.
pl.

5}L*

eaih

c>\J-0

palawt

U* fim&m

pl. -dt plug, oork,


|

stopper

the

offlcial

Islamio prayer ritual;

valve;
f.

tube (radio)

(yi\) uU^I

interoesaion,

interoessory prayer, bene-

al-amn (al-amn) safety valve;

^
fl**

diotion; blessing, grace (of


*j\*J\
Ijljtll

Ood)

I^-Jl

>Ul

reotifier

tube; jp

fL

Jl

**j

to let

(rabniya)

the Lord's

prayer;

s.th.

take

ita

course, give free rein to

!}L* a prayer performed doring

s.th. (also to

a feeling)
(med.)
core,

the nighta of Ramadan; jb-Jl l^L- vesper prayer (CAr .)


J**

4l**

pammma embolism

ptf

^omfm
-IUI

innennoat, heart;
pith ;
true,
(.

mufoKm

prayer, worshiper prayer, oratory

essenoe,

marrow,
|

sinoere,

J***

mu^aOan plaoe of

genuine

*jf j*

-qalb)

from

jjL

aolfin salon, parlor, reosption

room

the bottom of the heart, wholebeartedly,

J- o&S (soiy) to roast,


sottya
(intr.;

broil, fry {# s.th.);

most
oore,

sincerely;
*jj*0

...,**

amid,

in;

*Jl j

to affeot s.o. to the very

a
i-

(paJan, fuify,

^a") to

burn

touoh

s.o.

most deeply
oordial, hearty
f.

or in); to be exposed to the


a)

blaze of
s.th.

(v or

to warm, heat

^t*
fufiun,
solid,

^amimi

with or on) IV

II (>* s.th.

(v * on or

**l ajumm',

Ix*

pamm'*,
deaf;
*-*JI

pl.

**

with); to

make
fire)
|

( 8.0.)

burn
[>Li

(* in, esp.

U* fttmmn
massive
(rook);

hard and
the

jUI in the
to

IjvJI

j-

oLl tfnrn)
IjU
s.o.

deaf
|

make

s.o.

undergo the mort excru-

one, epithet of the


**l (JTJ) triliteral

month of Bajab

J*i

oiating pangs of jealonay;

oL*l to
or s.th.
(<_

verb with identioal

aet s.th.
(mJ.)

on
to

fire;

to

fire

at

seoond and third radioal, verbum mediae

warm

o.e.,

seek

wannth

geminatae
stone-deaf;

(gram.);
*-*!

L*I
(jatfr)

**l

(aflaje)

at, by,

jb by

the

fire)

Vin

ji>-

irrational or

jbj JUflj

(yuffal bi-nrihi) invinoible,

aurd root (math.);


--j tofimim

Ix*

<jT willing

tool
for,

a great hero

determination (J*

JL** mutfalan

fireplaoe

to

do

s.th.), resolution, decision;

resolute

sss

aotion;

tenaoious pm-suit (of a plan);

JIa**
Silr*

famadnl
fimda
(ir.)

etemal,
headoloth

ererlasting

planning, projeoting; design, detigning


(e.g.,

of a dress);
design;

(pl. -<,
|

^U^ tafdmim
^U
r- ''

1
)

(wom by

men)
pMS famfama to persist
(

plan;

sketoh

,y

deaigned by so-and-so
I*
**

in)

musammtm determined
|

(J* to

***j~*

fauma'a

pl.

,*-[>-

sawdmt'* monk's
grain storage);

do

s.th.)

*LjV<

*-~~ fashion Creator,


(

oell,

hermitage;

silo (for

designer

{mar.) minaret

cjf pamata u
silent,

{tarnt, >jf sumJU) to be be taoiturn, hold one'a tongue,


still

jt*

Uto gum
s.th.)

(* s.th.);

to paste, glue (*
(tree)

IT to exude

gum

hush up, be or beoome quiet or II to silenoe {. s.o.) IV = II


tarnt

r*

famQ
|

pl.

'^f fum^
mucilage;
ir*
*.

gum;
f* ai-lakk

nein
silence

JJL- r*

Jj

silently.

('arabi)

gum
j

arabio; dUI
ir*

qnietly

shellao; silenoe; pl. of act. parti-

(marin)

rubber, oaou-

^y tumt oiple c-L

tohouo; j-u* r* (hindl) do.;


Jbjor oa-j. rubber trees

iJl

C>jsf famt silent, taoiturn

jir"

ami

gummy, gummiferous,
gumming;

gumlike, muoilaginous

C-L fm
Ji*L

pl.

sy? fumt

silent
|

^* silent

film
(oolor); piain,
1

g~*~*j tafmtQ

reiinifioation

jm** mufmai uniform

Jf' fomaJa

(fand) to be firm, be hard,

unpattemed; blank
texture,

(wall);

uniform in
material

hold one'a ground, stand firm, hold out,


last,

made

of

Single

endure
|

massive, solid, not hollow, oompaot

U*

pimfy meatua

pl.

ofmifea

auditory

(?1/i)

J** flan rigidity, stifiheu, rigor mortis


pamtila
pl.

Jj- J**

J^r*

J-'j-

saudmiP,

j-L

Le*

tamada u (tamd) to betake


go
(*,
.

o.a., repair,

dmfa pL J'j- saudmtt1 nut


rivet

(of a boH),

or J or Jl to, into, toward); to


o.e. (*

turn, apply
(a^s*

or J or Jl to s.th.);

***

tnOdj:

pl.

jle* amdK#*

earwax,

fumd) to defy, brave, withstand

oarumen

(**tj J wajhihl or J s.o., s.th.); to stand up (<^j j or J against s.o. or


s.th.), resist,

j?

IV to deal
(*, .

( s.o.)

fatal blow; to hit


|

oppoee

(<f-j

or Jl s.o.

s.o., s.th.) fatally

jf\i

t/j

ramd

or s.th.) ; to hold out (<tj j or J against); t to dose, plug, cork, stopper (*

fa-a^m to shoot and


the spot j fiann basket
'<-

hit,

shoot dead on

s.th.,

o.g.,

a bottle)
(

II

to betake

o.a.,

repair,

go

to

s.o.,

* to, toward); to

close, plug,

cork, stopper {* s.th., o.g.,

finna odor emanating from the

a bottle) ; to sare, lay by (money) in to

armpit

come to
Jx*

blows, fight
lord;

with

s.o.)

L-* sundn odor emanating from the


armpit

fiamad

eternal,

ererlasting
j

(epithet of

God)

L-* inndra pl. j*i ^-* aandnJr1 hook, fishhook

526
or mannend way; to use means enhaneing her beauty (woman) Till to

sunbfir fauoet, tap

pl.

juL*

fanbfr1

(water)

stilted,

for

Order,

oommisaion

(*

s.th.);

to create
produce,
s.th.);

jj~
,-:

look up alphabetioally
pl. -dt

e.th.)

synthetioally;

to

manufaoture, make, fabricate (*


-

fantim

Centime (>/ih frano)

to pretend, feign, fake, aasume falsely


( s.th.); to invent ( s.th.); to

i^. fanj pl. >- Jim) E


'^i
inj'a

cymbal (mw.|

make

(J * s.th. into), take, use (J s.th. for);

'i~i-

to commit, bind (J
( s.o.)
-

s.o.

to)

to have

oU-U
mw"
JjO^.

*an4jat oastanet

make
fan',

(* s.th.)

sun'

produotion,

manudesign,

pan/agiya aee

Jm^*
umidScP
leader,

faoture,

fabrioation,
|

makuig,

findtd

pl.

.oiL.

notable; brave, valiant

J-Jl * 9- al-yad make, workmanahip band work; _JI m-o badf af-fan' of won-

derful

workmanahip
fan'l artifioal, aynthetie
benefit, favor

jjx^

ujuMj, fandiq

pl.

^jli- #aAj*

crate, box; ehest; trank, auitease; caae,

ji^0

oabinet;
offlee,

money box,

tili,

coffer;

pay

-0 tun'

treasurer's

offiee;

any

publio

Institution

where funds are depoaited


for

4i^ stm'a work, workmanahip,


ing,

mak
oraft,

and diabnraed

a apeolal purpoee
|

(e.g.,

manufaoture, fabrication; art; teeh


skill,

aick fand, health insurance, etc.)


-OjJI post-office

jj-C-

nical

artiatio

skl;

work,

box; i~ll j-f mail-

trade,

business,
|

ocoupation,

voeation

box;
duwail

JjJll

-CfcJI

International

jjx_ . an-naqd adMonetary Fund;

profession

UiJI v"^** artisan, crafts

man;

expert, specialist
J-Il

ji\ 3jX-0 savinga bank; j>C- y)


(eg.)

-* *mS:
L_

t-

al-yad

sklllful,

hunchback; Jj-~JI Jul treasurer;

skilled, dexteroua, deft

jjJ-.il jlj daftar o-. cashbook


fini'a pl. -,
J.U- aanrfol aandalwood; aandala; (pl. JiU.
skill;

^L- pmSi''

art,

oecupation, vooation, oalling, busi-

raUtl*) (freigbt) brge; lighter, brge


!jl_ look

ness, profession; handicraft; trade, araft;

industry;

pl.

branchea of industry, in-

up

alphabetioally
dustries
(aan', sun*.
|

*i*j^ S*li- honorable, respeot-

'i* fana'a

^*

****) to do,

able trade; oltb-JI ^[>j\ the aitiaans,

make

( s.th.); to arrange, tage,

put on

oraftsmen;
dustrialiat;

L-Jl

J-j

rojuJ o-#.

in-

( s.th.); to produos, build,

manufaotura,
to

j>lj

jILJI

v^*

(* ro/)

fabrioate,

design ( s.th.);
|

work,

artiaans

and tradesmen anVl


artifloial,

treat, prooeas ( s.th.)

Ujj Jl

^-> to
*j

j~'t-
imitation;

synthetio,

do

s.o.

a favor; %rt

do.; *
*j

^0

workmanlike,

handioraft,

to do s.th. to s.o.; U*-i U-L

* to
(,

trade (adj.);induatrial; artisan, araftaman

do

s.o.

dirty triok II to industrialize

( s.th.) III to oooperate,

go along

yl_.
tation;

tintfi artifloial, synthetio, imi-

with); to flatter, oajole


(_.
.

( B.o.);

to bribe
feign,
s.th.);

workmanlike, handioraft, trade


|

s.o.

with)
fake,

to pretend,
affect
(*

(adj.); industrial
trial

j-t^
,>ill

(irr)

indua-

aimulate,

sham,

seoret;

^LJI

(/<mn)

appUed

to apeak or write in an

artifloial, affeoted.

arts, arBtio handicraft

027

-i- fianC

aoon, aoting, doing;

act,

genus, apeoiee, claaa, oategory; sex;


in

U'-u

deed; fact; good deed, benefit, favor;


charge, protege; ereature, wling tool;

kind

(as

opposed to: in oaah)


Classification,

meal, repaat, banquet


zation,

tafinlf

oategori-

aorting,

aaaorting;
(pl.

compilation,

**J~

aanfa

pl.

^b- aondT*

action,
benefit,

oompoeition, writing;
literary

J^Jl^Stafnff*)

deed;

good deed* good tum,

work
to*nf/a assortment, selection

favor; charge, protege; ereature, wling


i

,. T

tool

** mafna'

pl.

mUi ww^dn*** factory,

'

'

* *

mvfannif author, writer

plant, mill, works; eatabliahment, firm;

-"

' '

m*anno/ pL

-dt literary

work
to

>L* also: large atruoturea, installationa,

man-made works

-JL*1I

(<->UH) i^UjI

jk~ fanfara to rub with sandpaper,


aandpaper, to emery (*
a.th.)

mannfaotarers, indaatrialiats

mapna'lya wagea, pay

jk-0
ery

fanfar

and ijiL* fanfara em-

**j ta^nf indnatrialization

^0 fanam
-*7 toaannit* hypoorisy, deimulation, diasemblement; affeotednesa, affeotation,

pl. #U**I

ojmdm

idol,

image

y~+

fiinio pl.

i># pintun, b-^l apnd* one

manneriam

of two, twin brother

gbk*l i^iwT produotion, making

aanautorstonepine (Pinna pinea;


jjr^Jft
*_-*-

bot.)
J

^LkJ
Imitation

itfin&l artifidal,

aynthetio,

habb

ap-fi,

pine nut, pifion


t

J />-* *onau/wri pine (adj.)


pl.

piny, pine-

^iL# dm*

j-jL*

funnf maker,
laborer;

like; pineal

^_^uJ!

;xJl (udda) pineal

producer, manufaoturer, creator; artiaan,

gland

oraftaman
servant

worker, workman,

*^ aA

pst! huflh! quiett

>-* mapn' produot, produoe;

pl.

Vt** IX and XI ifhdbba to be or beoome


reddiah, red-brown
v-*-' afihab*,
f.

il^-M
articlea,

(industrial)

producta, produoe,

manufaotured goods
orerre-

.L^

#aAM* a

pl.

.|

-*i* muiapanni' subtilizing,


fining; affected, atilted,

puhb reddiah; Lf**JI wine

mannend
synthetic;

^0 pahada a
(*,

(pahd)

to aoorch, parch, burn of the aun)

^Jm*
affected,

mutfana'

artificial,

s.o., a.th., eep.

aimulated,
|

imitated,

aham,
(miftdh)

X+~* fiahd beat

bogus,

phony

k*. ^bi,

duplicate key, masterkey


*>\*l* Jan'd' 1

Uf^
ji~*

pahid soorching beat, blaze

San'a (capital of Yemen)

fuhd soorching heat, blaze

J*^** II to sort, aasort, classify, categorize


(* s.th.); to oompile,

j+~0 pahara

a
to

(fahr) to melt, fuse, smelt (*

a.tb.) III to

become
or

related

oompoee, write.

by marriage
VI to be

(*
(

a book)

or

s.o.)

IT to beoome related by

marriage

(Jl

to

s.o.)

J*^*

*an/, fiinf pl. jl^l afinf,

J^

related

by marriage

TU

to melt, fuae;

funfi/kind, sort, speoimen; article (com.);

to melt away, vaniah, break (intr.)

j++
(pl.

fihr

relationship

by marriage;

of knowledge); to have, eat {* a snaok);


to take (a
fall
(

jlf^l

oaMr) husband of one's

a meal); to
b.o.),

befall ( s.o.),
(

daughter, son-in-law; husband of one's


sister,

upon

happen

to s.o.); to
(<_*

brother-in-law
tahlr molten, in fusion
(pl.)

allot
0.0.

(y

to

s.o. s.th.),
(i_<

bestow

upon
s.o.'s

j^

s.th.),

make

s.th.) fall

to

() lot;

to oanse losses (j* to

s.o.);

to be

_^La* ma$hir*
blast furnaoea

smelting furnaoes;

right,

be in the right; to do the right

thing, hit the


pl. -<W fuse (ei.)

mark; to do

right, properly

0^4-*> mifhar

(* s.th., expressed
;

by a verbal noun); to
I

^L** mufhara relationship by marriage;

say the right word pass. <_u# ufiba to be


stricken,

attaoked,

afflioted

afflnity

(y by a
|

disease,

and the

liko);

to be killed to
score,

jL+**jI infihr

melting prooess

*iH-*

obLl ^Ll
to

(itflbat)

make
<**'

j\J\

jl^VI
fihrtj,

nlk

al-in*. at-vOqi fuse (ei.)

goals (in sports);

*l>

j yL*!

{'amaliM)

.j4,

tahrtj

pl.

j+*

soMrf)1

do

right, aot properly;

w\j*

oistern; largo (water) oontainer,

tank

to inour multiple wonnds; jLJc


(bi-fcasdratin) to Buffer

^a^I

loss; *jL*I ^ri#l


hit,

J4* fiahala a
(horse)

neigh (J-*** fiak) to whinny,

*4jXt (ifbatan) to be

hard

be grievistafwaba

ou&ly
neighing
<-jj~*

afflioted

_j^u-t

to approve (* of

s.th.),

sanotion (> s.th.)


quarter;

J^* soAti whinny(ing),


*j+~0

aau6

direotion,

that

pabiM

pl.

fahawt, 1+^

fiih'

back (of

whioh

is

right, proper, or oorreot; pavba

a horse)

(prep.) in the direotion of,

toward, to

j-+^

saAyfln*, also fihyaun* Zion

ijj- yJ~ii*-j

J^*

t> {haddbin) or <->- JT

j>*

Jj-4~*
Zionist
~*jjs4~+

oAyfini,

^iAyaunl

Zionistio,

or v>-*J p*

(X >

U<*jj*

n ) from
from
<->-

all all

des,

from

all

directions,

quarten, from everywhere;


jwAyntya,

J^ J

pinyaunfya Zion-

V^j

every place, everywhere,

all over,

in all quarters
'(>->-)

yL*

J&a
s.th.,

(saub, ort-**

^aiM&a)

i_*w payyib rain oloud

to hit (*

the target); to be right,

iL

ptiba pl. -d?

barvest (tun.)
is

hold true, be to the point, hit the mark,

be pertinent, be appoeite (opinion)


Uli
all
^1

-~>L*

~>\y~*

Pwtib that which

right, proper,

(am aqWa) by
II

all

means, under

or oorrect; right, proper, oorreot; rightness, oorreotness, properness; reason, inteileot,

oiroumstances

to direot, fix (Jl *


to),

s.th., also, e.g. f

the glance on,


* s.th.

aim,

mind, oonsoiousness
|

L>

|^-

tawban

point, train (Jl

at or on); to
(*, *

agree
in

with

s.o.)*

oonour

with
to

s.o.,

s.th.),

consent, assent
s.th.),

(*

s.th.),

J* j he is right; jX-\j <_jI^JI Sij^ ^" (bW) to aot in exactly the right manner, pursue the right
rightly, justly

ulp

approve (> of

sanotion (* s.th.)

course;

**!>-

Jt

(*li)

**-j

to regain one's
senses,

IT to hit
achieve (*

(*

a target); to attain, reaoh,


end, purpose); to

reason, get

back to one's

beoome
* to
086

s.th., e.g.,
s.th.,

reasonable again;
lose

vW
&

P,'- ''

**!>"* "**
l

reaoh out {* for

of the hand); to

one's

mind; *Ay+ j
-JI*

<->**

get, obtain, win, gain (* e.g.,

a fortune),

oonsoiousness; *t)y+

unoonsoious,

acquire (* s.th.,

e.g.,

a certain amount

Jr
Vj~*'
apropos,

afwab*

more

pertinent,

mon

<Jj~*

fautl

sonant,

sound-

(in

Com-

mon

appoaite,

more proper,

pounds), vocal, sonic, acoustio ; resounding, resonant, sonorous; phonetio

more

correct

*ji>-*'

aptoabiya

advisability,

expe-

oL^*

fautiyt phonetics

diency
*i>-^

d\j~0 fuwt crying, shouting, olamor

kvwt uming; turning, poit-

-~*

fit

(good)

repute,

standing,
fa-

mg; (pl* -<U) correction, reotifioation


L#l ipl&a
pl. -t hit; goal,

prestige;

fame,
|

renown; celebrity,

score (in

mousness

iiu_Jl

Xu bv'd

a#-p.

fame,

Sport); injury,

wound;

State or process

celebrity; a-*ll ^Tti famooa, celebrated,

of being afflioted (by a disease), (attaok


of) illness, siokness; aocident
i.
|

well-known
-i~*

J-Jl L#l

fayyit

loud-voiced,

baving

al-'amtU indastrial aocident;


aJ-t.

iL* Vi J*

stentorian voice;

loud-speaker {8yr.)

moAatf

soene of the aocident

^[t-*- mifw&t microphone

<->]r*2*\ istiftvdb

approval

~ij~*i iapwit voting, vote, Casting of


ballots, polling (election)

tj*L#^S* impertinent, apropos, appoaite,

right, oorrect; niited, appropriate


--i-**

cJL*

p'it

sound-

(in

Compounds)

mwpt pertinent, apropos, appoappropriate

O <JL* ^> sound


Oy~*>
vote, franchised

film

aite, right, oorreot; suited,

mufawwit

voter;

entitled

to

<a

mtMf6a

pl.

h, *_JL*. matfTib*

misfortune, calamity, disaster

rL# look up
at-

alphabetically

uU
ed,
flick,

mu^fr

stricken,

befallen,

j~0

II

to dry (* s.th.)

tacked, afflioted
ill;

(^

by) ; injured, wound^j-*


casualtyj
etc.)

mu^awwoA

wounded pemon,
an
aocident;
|

withered, dried (herb,

victim

of

misfortune,

calamity, disaster

Jl

^L*.

grievous

(j~*) l~* (**&

tt

= U sdia u
lend one's ear
(Jf

misfortune, mouraful event, death

*j-* *V to
*<*j~* (Turk. adba) ptibe stove (syr.)
s.o.,

listen,

or J to

to s.th.)
letter

(o>-*)

oL#

#3ta

u o

(taut)

to ring, sound,

jL# name of the


'Jj~*

^
l^j-JI

make a
(at

noise or sound; to raise one's

voice, shout II

soda

1j

jK" 1j^# (fcdwiya) caustio soda,

I;

to vote, cast ballots

sodium hydroxide;
Bodium nitrate

olju (nrf)

an

election)
pl.

Oj-* paut

ojj^l

a^utff

aound

(also

pAon.); voice; tone, strain; melody, tune;


noise; fame,

?y m *j*0
*jj-*

(Lat. sodium)
II

sodium
shape,

renown; vote;
j

pl.

interjec-

to

form,

mold, fashion,

tions {gram.)

o^all Xu

fru'd afi-p.
afi-fi.

fame,

create (* s.th.); to paint, draw, sketch


(*,
.

celebrity; CyJl m-j raf

echo, re-

s.o.,

s.th.);

to

illustrate
s.th.);
s.th.)
;

(with

verberation;
ics;

oJj^lM
gwoi

1*.

'7m aJ-a. phonet-

drawings or pictures, *
a picture
(*, *

to

make

Cj^J! y

a^-p.

volume, inten -

of

s.o.,

of

to photorepresent,

Bity (riwiio);

fj

<Z*j^* audibly; Oj-*u

graph

(*,

s.o.,

s.th.);
|

to

Jl* aloud; ^U[ ^>-i (wf**) softly, in a

portray (*
it

s.th., fig.)

*j

low voice, under one's breath

appeared

to

him,

J>w* (fuuwira) seemed to him

jy*
Y

530

pasB.

of

II;

to imagine, fanoy,
(*,

jj- tafawwur
(also
philo.),

pl.

-dt

Imagination
idea

oonoeive (* s.th.); to think


B.th.)

s.o.,

fanoy,

fantasy,

to be s.o. or B.th.
s.o.)

(>, );
|

to seem,

oonception, conoept {philo.)

appear, look (J to
{'aqlu)

J*Jl vj~*^

ijjfZ

iafaunpuri yifcing in Imagina|

unimaginable, inoonoeivable, un-

tion only imaginary, fanoied, fiotitious

thinkable

O iSjj-*^
pl-

All {matfhab) idealism (as

jj^ fr hrn, bgle; see also below

phosophioal sohool)
jj~** mvfawurir
fashioner,
pl.

hj~* pfru
pictorial

jj** fuwar form, shape;


iUustration;

-n former, ehaper,
painter;

representation,

Creator;

photogpictures);
j

image, likeness, picture; figure, statue;


replioa;

rapher;

oameraman (motion

oopy, oarbon copy, duplioate;


|

draftaman, commercial

artist, Illustrator

manner, mode; fratan formally

hj**
jj~*

ob*l
^JI

jj~** the Creator of the Universe;

mU
tS'j^X

total pioture, overall pioture;

J\jjr&\

jjit

{kahrabX

qaib)

(mutaharrika) motion pioture, film;

eleotrooardiograph
*jj~**

~*ffd\ jj~*i\ jIa motion-picture theater,

mu^twini oamera
mufawwar
illustrated;

oinema;
graph;
true

Sr*

(SamHya) photo(tf&ffo

jj***

(pl. -t)

JV^I

J> bj~
replioa

*-<*')

photographer's
studio
|

studio;

motion-picture

oopy;

exaot

(fig-);

nn -

Lij/^-l j>-** *n. al-fugrfiyd atlas

distorted pioture; *jSL> *jj~* (mukabbara)

enlargement, blowup {phot.) ; jwJ>T bj~*


in

'jj-*
1

ffi*"

Tyre (town
pl.

in

S Lebanon)
young chicken,

human

shape;

i-L-

*j>-j

{jaltya)

obviously, evidently;

<*j*

u-y-*

fl*

uL~*

ptyd

*jj-*J per-

chiok {syr.)
%

oeptibly, tangibly, palpably;

i-*U

*jj-*>

(jfta) eepecially, partioularly; **U *j>-*j

&0y*

auf

(eg.)

to peep, cheep, squeak

('dmma) generally, in general;


{mukabbara)
scale,

*jSL> *jj~*i

increasingly,

on a

9y+

VII to turn on one's heel; to obey,


give
in,

larger
yield,
\>j~*\
s.th.)

submit

(J

to

s.o.,

to

to

an inoreaaing degree;

b^JL

noticeably,

markedly; !j^# J*
f-U*
atf*

V*W*^* (Hm*ya*fyo) ohemioally, by chemical means ;


if ;
iil

pl.

>%*! a^vu', f'j^l o^w',

Ij^ j in case that

j 1*1*0
. .

ffn saa, a oubio meaaure of


|

.,

i^i

)>*

(mujM^aro) on a reduoed

varying magnitude
tat;

scale, in

miniature

>*U f-LJl ,>*Uj UL *J

*J

jj

fLj UL tit for (nwWa, ptfatn) or


to

JlT

pay

s.o.

baok
s.o.

%Sjj-* rf, fwoart formal; superficial;


false,
fioial,

twofold, bring double retaliation

on

sham, deceptive, fallaoious;


fictitioua,

arti-

seeming,

fancied,

im-

UL t&a

Balon, parlor, reception

room

aginary
jt>-j tapwir drawing, sketohing; rep-

Hif)
portrayal,

u9* **^* fiiyga) to u i}* **&* form, shape, mold, fashion, oreate (*
s.th.);

resentation,

depiction;

il-

to formulate (* s.th.); to coin (*

lustration; painting; photography, also

a word); to fabricate, invent, make up


(a

tr Ul j_y*d\ (Samsi); take (in motion picture making) j j j**d\ ilT camera

a He)

tUillj v*oJI

{fahab, 44a)

to

work

in gold

and Bver, practice the

*jj-

tapvXra

pl.

yjUJ

art of goldsmithing

tafvXr*

pictorial representation, image, pioture Illustration

'fy+ fiau$ forming, shaping, molding,


fashioning, oreating

531

y*
<i-

iiu**

${a forming, ahaping, molding,

fashioning, creating;

(pl.

jouZa

pl.

-dt

attack,

assault;

?iya$)
%

foroe; tyranny, despotism, arbitrarineas

shape, form;

ezternal

form; wording,

text, Version (e.g., ofaletter,of

a treaty);

6y~* (Turk. *rf)

approx.: sergeant major,


(Eg.)
|

formula

(in general, also maih., ehem.);

teohnioal

sergeant

Am
^.J

jewelry t gold and silver artioles; {gram.)

approx.:

master

sergeant;

J^ J^
staff

form

JcLill ii*M

the aotive {gram.);

ii**

approx.

quartennaster sergeant {m.)


pauOlija

J*ll the passive foram.);

'l U^uu

in

o^j^t paulan pl U-l^

a deoided form, in no uncertain terms


iL- 0yda oomposing, drafting, wording,

with a curved end; polo mallet; scepter.

forming,

formulation,
;

fashioning,

molding,

shaping

goldsmithery, gold-

smithing

((>") f - ^ (*um, ^Lm* *ydm) to abstain (j from s.th.); to abatain from


1

food, drink,

*L
JL*

and sexual interoourse; to

ma$$ jewelry,

je weis, gold

and

fast

silver artioles
|\t-*
ptTtfl pl.

paum

abstention,

abstinenoe,

j^L, puyy&Q, *L# p0a,

J^

puwQ

goldamith, jeweler
silver jew-

abstemiousness; fasting, fast; fj^il fasting during the month of Ramadan, one
of the five prinoipal duties of the Musm
|

oUj-** mofgt gold and


elry, goldsmithery, jewelry

jy&\ pj^JI the Great


{Chr.);
jl^l!

j-L* Iook up alphabetioally


>j>-* / pl. J^-*l tifwf

Yom

^
pl.

Fast
'\d
*.

Lent

if.

al-$ufran

Kippur,

Day

of Atonement (Jud.)

wool
woolen; Islamio

IU- fiym fasting, fast


c/L- fiymi Lenten fare

j^-

ffl/f

of wool,

myBtio, Sun*

fL way of
life;

p'im

-fin,

*j**

fiuwwam,

Vj-*

ffi/y> Sufi

<ij~J\

p*

fiuyyan t

Sufiarn (Islamio mysticism)

faster,

pU- fiiym one who fasts

fasting (adj.);

jU^

ffn tinder,

touohwood, punk touchwood, punk

JUj-^JI a$-omdl Somaliland

illij* ftfna tinder,

JI.J-* om<U Somali (adj. and n.)


***j-0

lJ!^#

pawwf wool merchant


ai-tapaunouf

pauma'a see *c*

Jj*z)l

Sufism

(Islamio
(j>-}

mysticism), the Sufi

way of

L ^na u

(p>un, 'L^ fiyna) to

life;

mysti-

preserve, oonserve,
tain, sustain,

cism

keep, retain, main(* a.th.); to

uphold

maintain

*i_^odl

al-mutapawwifa

the

Sufis,

{* e.g.,

a maohine, an automobile); to
guard,
aafeguard,

members of
Li^-
(J>-)
04/iytI

Sufi oommunities, mystios

proteot,

keep, save
*, *

(je- *, * s.o., s.th.

Sofia (capital of Bulgaria)


s.o.,

from); to defend (j*

s.th.

against)

to uphold one's

JL
to

#Za

{faul, ii^* paula,

fiyl)

Bpring,

JL-, jump, leap (J* on),


(J*
s.o.)

honor, live ohastely, virtuously (woman);


to shut o.s.
off*

seclude

o.a.,

proteot o.s.

attack,

assail,

aasault

II

to

j-* flaun preservation, conservation,

pan, wash out (* grain, gold)

in

to vie,

guarding,
holding;

keeping;

susten(ta)tion,

upoare;

compete

with

s.o.)

maintenance,

upkeep,

oy
protection, safeguard(ing), seouruig, defense;
ohastity,

532

-l_ sayyty

orier,

loud-mouthed per-

respeotabihty
title

Oj-Jl
social

honorary

V"*- of ladies of high


|

son; noisy, olamorous, vociferous, orying

LaJ (oaiyu^ orying,

olamor, roar,

Unding
titaAt,

bellow(ing)

\j~

fuwn

pl.

iij~t\

afwina

i(a_.) jL. Aia t (aatf) to oatah (in atrap),

oupboard, ease

trap ( game); to hunt ( game); to


(coli.;

uV-. anuwdn
granite

n. un.

:)

flint;

hunt down

game); to oatoh (a

fish)

V to hunt
J-il-

for

prey ; to hunt down (* s.th.)

jl^. ammoliit:
flint

oljjl

(adawSt)

to oatoh ( s.th.)

Vm -

.111

jll^l

implements

JU\
j>* o
|

('aUr) to fish in troubled waters


r

iL* tiyfea

HL-fl

<!&*

faul
(also

hunting,
.ilJI

hont;
.

angling,

malak

at-f.

gaardlan angel (Chr.)

fishing

10

at-tamak);
|

JL
teotive

fi'in preserrer, sustainer, main-

game, venison, prey, quarry


dLrf.
(.

i-* ,>

tainer, keeper, guardian, protector; pro-

jy4l*i)

dreamed up by

Mm,

a produot of his fantasy (of a story)

by** marin
well-goarded,

well-proteoted, well-kept,
sheltered;
ohaate,
virtu)<
'

jL_ tayyid pl.


H

-flu

hunter;

naher

jL*

s.

os-samaa- fisher, fisherman;

ous (woman); also an epithet for


\y0 fwa
pl. tSj~*

woman

longfisher (zool.)

fuwan Btone l a nd mark,

,li_. satdA'* Sidon (city in Lebanon)

tiailmark

",
(twAy) and tawiya o (au*) tavA dry up, wither, wilt;

--

mifyada

pl.

iL.

<naalyt<P trap,

snare; net; hunting or fishing implement

jj^

surf

and

II to

:j_u
fishery,

matyada
fishing

pL

JjL.

maaJyW*
.-L-*.

to peep, oheep, squeak, ohirp, soreeoh

grounds

(also

lll^l)

iL dd
ahoat; to soream, saneoh; to orow;
let

name

of the letter

i-* paidaia apotheoary's trade; pharmaay,


pharmaoology

yell,

to ntter,

oat

(1~^ Saroten
to
s.o.).

a ory);

to oall oat

(y

hont, bellow,

Ji_. faidatt
oist,

pl.

ibL* tay&da pharma-

bawl

j or

J at

s.o.) II

to ory out (loud),

druggist, apotheoary

roar, bellow,

bawl VI to shoat at one


out to one another;
to

JUx^r

tndoIAtl pharmaoist, droggut,

another,

oall

apotheoary
'-Ji-0 taidallya pl.

olamor, raise a din

JU pharmaoy drug;

>,<

taik crying, olamor


store

o..> faiha (n. vio.) pl.

ory, outory,

ahoat

v.A' "

'

HK,r*

hattle ory,

cUi-M faidaUyit drugs,pharmaoeutios


(jv<)
"

war oryj C<U-*


oriesj

J-jl

(orsolii)

to utter
*""**

jL.

flro (>,

jjj^

**. j^*(with
fall.

i^

r*- t utter *

T
j

J*

mosir) to

beoome

( s.th.);

within ahouting distanoe;


(foiAatan) to die

alj

*- ,

.* >--aa

imperf.) to begin, oonunenoe, Start to...,

unheard

(oall)

oome

to..., get to..., gel into

Situa-

L_ fiyiJA orying, olamor, ory, outory;

ory of a bird

tion where..., get to the point where...; to set in, ocour, happen, oome to pass,

833

Jl*
lii
all
j.1

take
befall

place;
(J

to

fall

to

s.o.'s
o.a.,

(J)

lot,

Ljfl

JL, (zamdnu am
all

iat) at
II,

s.o.);

to betake

come,

times, under

circumstanoea

V,

get (.U* or Jl to); to arrive (Jl at); to

VIII

end, wind
Jl
Jl
*j

up

(Jl

with), result (Jl in);


<-*r- ***/ pl.

jU# to

lead, bring s.o. or B.th. to;

.JL^I ay&f summer


estival,

jUu

(yu^dru) one proceeds to..., one

jsr* faiff
(dj-)
I

aummery,

summer

will

eventually...,

one
(

will
s.o.)

with... II to induce
(* s.th.),
s.o. s.th.)

up to beoome
out of

wind

jr-> *^-J> daylight-saving time

make

(* b.o. into s.th.,

Jt summer
center,

J^L^, mafyif* summer resort; rest holiday camp


mapif
pl.

residence,

>
fish

flir

crack (of the door) ; Bmall saltod

.jUwl
vacationing

iftiy&f

summering,

Bummer

hjj^* tairra
coming,
upshot, result

(act or proceas of) be-

>L

p'ifa

summer(time)

development;

end,

outcome,
Jlk--

mufff

-n) vacationist,

summer resort; summer visitor


|

(pl.

s~** mapir development, progress


of work);

(e.g.,

(pl.

yL, ma&yir*) place at


;

ir-Jl a-in China; tho Chinese

J^l

>-*,

which one arrives end, outoome, upshot,


issue, result; fate, destiny, lot; life; see

China
Jr-*
lain,
fiinl

Chiese (adj. and n.); porce-

also

under ^a.

mination (pol);

^ Jf ^
all flesh

j^i\ j J

self-deter-

china
iniya (syr, fiiniya, b. fainiya)

kui
pl.

hayyin the way of

V^*

J\j~* pawni

a large,

round metal

s~*
~*

tapyir cession, transfer (jur.)

plate with raised brim, esp. one

made of
l,,:.^

t*?"

fyiya pl-

tf^W* pay^in spur of the

copper, used as baking tin, serving tray

rooster
5i--# see

and table top; tumtable, also S^-w


(mvtaharrika);
pl.

chinaware,

porcelain

j~*
i

vessels
(aif)

(J*^) JL ffa

tobesummery;
(* or

to
|

\j^

fiiwn pl.

-t,

,>_jl^-

pawwin*

(large)

spend the summer, estivate

in)

tent, pavilion,

marquoe

jLi <d name of the

letter

^;

a sound

peculiar to Arabic, hence: jLi)l J*l ahl


a4-4-

slight, sparse, feeble, faint, thin; to diminish, dwindle, wane, decline, shrink,

the Arabic-speaking peoples, the

decreose VI

Arabs;

jLJI

,U

do.;

jU)I

jIUI

the

Arabic-speaking countries; iLiJI


a^-^. the Arabic language

Li
iiJ Zutfoi

4a'ia

(illij.

4%dla)

Bmallness,
Bcant-

littlencss,

tininess;

minuteness,
slightness,

iness,

meagerness,

J^

sparsity,

(^a'uia

(l'Ui 4a*la,
Utile,

~*ijj*i

4u'ia) to

paucity,
nesB ;

feeblenesa,

faintness,

thin-

be small, tiny,

Bcanty,

meager,

waning,

dwindling,

diminution.

jl>
decrease;
shrinking,

634

ahrinkage;

amall

a.th.) acourately, precisely,

metioulously,

number
Jj_}_;

or well; to render preoise, define pre-

iu'Ma

oisely

( s.th.); to regulate, adjuat (

iiLi <fa'ila
s.th., e.g., tccAn.);

to detennine precisely

JJLJ
small,
slight,

aV
tiny,

pl.

JlW

oV<, 'Vj-i
little f

oVoM"'
scanty,

(Uf

taiimalan

the

apelling

and pro-

minute,

nunci&tion of a word), vowel(ize) (a a

meager, apane, feeble,

faint, tbin

word); to observe
(a time)
;

atrictly,

keep ezaotly

JjLiJ luffful

Ut> aVai

to regulate, settle, put or keep

in order (a s.th.); to oorreot (a s.th.);

L a'ma checken

to enter, book, reoord, regiater (a s.th.); to measure off exactly, measure out (a

uLl

(ia'n

sheep

(coli.)

s.th.),

take exactly the right amount, the


proportion
(

JLl

aVt'nt, fidni

mutton (meat)

right

of)

vn

to be de-

JL aVin
*__; Vt6oa
'

sheep

tained, be held back, be held up; to be

regulated, be kept in order, be diaclplin(0Y1M) to take hold (J of s.th.);

ed; to be determined, be eatablished, etc.


(pass. of Qabafa.)
t-

to keep under lock, put in safekeepmg,

guard oarefully (J s.th.) II = I; to bolt ( the door) IV to be foggy (day)

ifabf

oapture,

apprehenBion,

!_; oYiM

pl.

yU

arreat(ing), detention; restraint, suppres-

tfibb, !__;! 0^1106,

sion,

subdual,

curb(ing),

cheok(ing)

L_i tfubbn lizard

control; seizure, impoundage, distraint,

u*

<toA6 (ep.) front teeth

connaoation; accuraay, oorreotnesa, exactitude,

w
latch;

preoision;

vowelization;

oorreo-

oViooa pl. -f,

v^~*

#&tf door bolt,


tion,

amendment, settlement;
of

regulation,
(techn.);

wooden look
fog, miat

adjuatment
(pl.

an apparatus
protocol,
entering,

vW-* oVAlo

iyi

(luWJ)

minute,
record,

prooea- verbal;

entry,

j*i Qabara u to gather,

collect,

assemble

registry; liu~J tfabfan acourately, exactly,


precisely,
tjabfan;

yUi #Mro,
pl.

ivbra and viI #Mro


file,

punctually

, I

IL-*

juLil aottMr"
j_yri\

dosaier

^bV

.! 4- al-ar&ii oadaatral

vQbr

file,

doaaier

Burvey; oll_J-l
mJJI
((.

ii

bookkeeping;

i~i

ai-idkwa abstemiouaness, conti-

-_* fabaha a
said of
fire);

(a\ioA)

to blacken (* a.th.,

nence; jjliJI ilSVI -U (oorfya) cadastral survey;


^jJd\
t

to snort (horse)
(aV>6()

self-control,

self-command;
i^_i oViiafa
catch,
b.o.,
t

-1*

J^rT fot* o4-4~


Controlling

to grab, grasp, Beize,


(*,

control

apparatua,

device;

apprehend, azTest, detain


take hold
(,
.

.!II 0* jl ('*") unvowel(iz)ed


"_i
t

s.th.),

of

s.o.,

of to
-

s.th.);

to keep, hold, retain (*

s.th.);

fabtiya polioe atation ; police


pl.

tackle lesolutely, master, overcome {*


s.th.),

Uu maftata

JuLi mafbil' pro-

cope

(< witB.th.); to

have

(s.th.) (a

tocol, minutea, proces-verbal

under oontrol, have oommand


s.th.);

over

to

restrain,

hold

back,

keep

lUl

ir4ibW discipline

\~Ji"i\

U;

down,
(,

aubdue,
s.o.,

check,

curb,

oontrol

lajnat td-in#. diaciplinary

board

s.th.);

to seize, distrain, im(*


a.th.);

.UjL #bif Controlling device, control,

pound,

confiscate

to do

(*

governor, regulator (tecAn.);

prepositor

635

dU>
j&
tion,

entrusted with disoipline (in Eg. sohools);


(pl.

dajar annoyance, irritation, vexa-

JpU;

dubbi)

offleer;

(pl.

U\^i
(moral)

anger; dissatisfaction; disoontent,

datvbip)

general
|

rule,

canon,

displeasure; sorrow, worry, grief

preeept or Order

jA

J*jL* senior offleer;


officer;
i_*aJI

jj*L JjL> subaltern


^. a$-$aff pl* J^-dJl

_kL>

jf? dajir annoyed, vexed; morose, sullen;


content,
displeased,

irritated,

angry,
dis-

dissatisfied,

JL*

noncommissioned
af-paut

uneasy,

restless

officer;

jj~*\\

J*jI>

volume
.
pl.

worried, grieved, troubled

control
Jl

(radio);

JjLi

ijt^

paff

>

<Ju noncommissioned officer;

jw

j hmii mu$jir annoying, irritating, exasperating, irksome, tedious


j*-*"-.

jb

Vj iiUi

(air)

completely unre-

strained, out of all control

mutadajjir
(daf,
lie

= jj* dajir
duj')
lie,
lie,

iluLi
tttSif)

(tdtfa

police;

(pl.

<m^# do
correct,

g*

daja'a a
one's side,

9y*

to

lie

on

ourbing force, order

down;

to

rechne, be

J^~> ma4bf aecurate, exaet,


right, precise
r
,

prostrate; to aleep III to

hare sexual
VII

intercourse (U with a
VIII (jpJfcil

woman)

and >l
(n.

iddaja'a)

~i $ab

dabu*

f.,

pl.

*L> <iW, ^1

a<&u

t***

hyena
lying,

daj'a

vic.)

lying

poaition,

recumbency; slumber
duja'a, duj'a Iate riser, Blugabed,

^i

VIII to take under one'a


i

arm

Urf*

>>

dibn armpit
{dajj,

sluggard, lazybones; lazy, sluggish, inert

dajja

j^-f* (fe/v)

to be noisy,
raise

jj# dufi late riser, slugabed, sluggard,

lazybones; lazy, aluggish, inert

boisterous ;

to

clamor,

shout,

hue and cry IV


**f dajja

I
yell,

a^
outcry; clamor,
*>-*

dajV one aharing the bed; bed-

fellow; comrade,
cry,
noiae, din, row,
-_jf*?

companion
maddji'* couch,
(to sleep);
i\

hubbub, tumult
clamor,

madja'

pl. ,j-Li*

bed
dajlj cry, yell, outcry;
noiae, din, row,

<v<
*i\

i*-l

he lay down

******* j*^*ill

aqadda madja' ak or
cf sleep

hubbub, tumult
bellowing, scream-

J* or 4a^Jm jI (ma4ja'ah) to
s.o.

ry* dajj roaring,


ing, crying
^t***

deprive

-Li. mudji* bedfellow

dajjj violently roaring, bellow-

^Lu mudfaja' couch, bed


v^** dahdaha to vibrate, flicker (mirage);
to shatter, break, crush II to vibrate,

ing,

screaming, crying, boisteroua, up-

j*9 dajira

a (dajar) to be angry, annoyed,

flicker (mirage)

irritated,

exasperated
to

(j*

or

<_j

at,

^L*'
discontent,

dahdh

shallow,

shoal,

flat

about)

be
or

dissatisfied,
<_^

(water)

displeased

(,>.

with); to sorrow, be
<_^

worried,

uneaay (j. or

about),
(j* or

be
<_^

dls* dahiha a {dahh t #thk t dahik) to laugh

disquieted, grieved, troubled

(v

or j* at, about, over); to jeer, Bcoff,


(<_.

by,

over)

IV to anger, vex,
(

irritate,

jibe

or Jp or j* at

s.o.,

at a.th.),
(i_j

trouble, torment
comfit, aggrieve

s.o.).

diaquiet,

dis-

deride, ridicule,

mock, scorn
|

( s.o.)

or Jp

or

s.o., s.th.)

Jxl J*

<&*

[bi-m'i

; ; -

dU>

536

Hdqaihi) or 4-ixi .J* il* (m*Ta) to grin from ear to ear; -UL. jj je- l** (durrin

JV
( (J

dahi ahallow, shoal,

flat;

a shatlow, a

shoal

muntufdadin)

(toi.e.,

lsugh

by

ahowing

Btringed pearls,

the teeth), to Bhow

>

a toothy smile ; to grin from ear to ear

oj

J di>
leg,

and j**) U* dah u (dahw, ftuAw) appear becomo viaible j* dahiya a (IV dahan) to beoome visible,
to
, ;

((ia^miA*; pl. p+jj Je)

(eg.

&yr.) to fool s.o.,


s.o.'a

make a
of
(<_

appear; to be Struck by the sun's rays


II

fool of s.o., pull


b.o.,

make fun
for s.o.; <eii

to Bacrifice, offer up, immolate


|

lead
a.th.),

b.o.

aroiwd by the noae

with

put

s.th.)

4-ii;

to sacrifice
life

o.b.

^
foll.

(v

on an act

*il> (daganihi)

^PiiJlj

,jJd Ij to Baorifice

and property
is

to laugh in s.o. 's face II to

make

(properly:
( s.o.)

the aoul and that which

laugh
s.o.)

III

to joke, jeat, banter

(*

with

precioua)

IV to be, become; with

IV and
|

to

make

imperf.: to begin, start,


( s.o.)

cmmence, or

laugh (j*
8et

about)

J&JI

iUJ L
woman who
irreaistibly

about to (do

s.th.); to

oome

to..., get

{takl)

(that
to..., get to the point where..., get into

which makes a
child laugh

has lost her

=)

comioal VI to

a Situation where

. .

laugh
iU*
laughter

y*
morning
dahk,
ditfc,

dahwa

pl.

dahawt

forenoon

dahik

laugh(ing)

5SO i>

s* duhan (m. and UlVj JL* (aHyatin


(n. vic.) pl. -l

f.)

forenoon

wa-tfuhh)
all

over
of a

ddkka
dvJiloa

laugh
night,

from one day to the next,

object of ridicule, laugh

sudden

ingstock
llfti*

-V dahiya forenoon;
immolation; victim
(dahiyatah) to
fall

(pl.

OLV
^_-i

dahk frequently, or conatantly,

dahy) slaughter animal, blood


|

sacrifice,

laughing; laugher

<^
un.

j or

fil> dahhk frequently, or oonatantly,


laughing;
laugher;
joker,
jeafaer,

victim to, become a

wag,

viotim of s.th. or

s.o.

buffoon
lj*\

j^\ adhan
udhka
pl.

(coli.; n.

UH

adhh)

dJL-Ul

adhti*

slaughter

animal,
|

blood
'*<*

sacrifice,

im-

object of ridicule,

laughingstock; lark,

molation

(j^Vl *

a'-- tne Feaat

spree, hoax, practical joke

of Immolation, or Qreater Bairam, on


the lOth of Zu'lhijja;

^Vl

j_h.

yaum
the

adha& more ridioulous, more laughable, more ludicrous, funnier, more


t!X**\

aUa. the

Day

of Immolation,

i.e.,

lOth of Zu'lhijja S-Vl udhlya


pl.

oomical

^-Ul adhl y* alaughter

&*

madhaka object of

ridicule,

animal, blood sacrifice, immolation


', *' tadhiya sacrincing, immolation;

laughingstock

iUL;
laughing
|

dhik

pl.

J*-\jJ
d.

davOhik*

(pl. -dt) Baorifice

jJ\ **L-L

as-nnn cheerful,

gay, sunny
ifl^,^-

A~i dahin: U~J& ^L


**-Li dahiya
pl.

sunlit

mudhik
droll,

ridiculoua,

laughable,
;

^jJ* .dawJUn sur-

ludicrous,

funny
|

oomioal

co-

loundinga, Ticinity, ontakirta; auburb


,jf*i*

median, buffoon, jeatei


(qiffa tamtiliya)

mvdahhan place where one has

oomedy

breakfast

537

r~#

dajcka

(fafck) to apurt, spout, squirt (*

Ui didda (prep.)

water)
*i*jL> midafefca pl. -l squirt, spray(er)

diJJ Ja to

against .uill J* j(f do or think the opposite, take


|

an opposite stand
*lX*i

pump
pump;

*j!Ju-

*1*Jl*

(ja&Ulba) suction
******

ixddiya

contrariness,

opposite-

(JjjJ-l)

JhIA'

Are engine;

ness, Opposition; enmity, hostility, ani-

i*iL) ***

suction

pump
(fojtfma)

mosity
to be

jj*"

dahuma u (I*
become
II

or

jU*

muddda

contrast,

opposite,

big, large, bulky, heavy, gross,

contradiotion

voluminous
s.th.)

to inflate,

blow up
inflated;

(a

to swell,

become

jLj taddd contrast, opposite, oontradiction

to

expand, distend
j*j*"

dakm

pl.

*I difrm big,

large,

jL* muddd opposed, opposite, contrary, oounter-, contra-,


anti- (in
|

sizable, great

(also of a

name, of pres-

Com-

tige); bulky, gross;

pounds);

pl.

heavy, voluminous,
Jj-Ji
4j_ri

dbL*.

antidotes

oljLi.

huge, vost, ample, colossal; stout, cor*


pulent,

(habal)

contracepti ves ;
inseoticides ;

d j Li*
I

plump,

buxom

(haSarxya)

magnificent,
|

ol.iLi.

splendid, gorgeous, luzurious,


4**-m*JI i-A* all

(midfa'iya)

pompous heavy artillery

iLjJI (U-l-fasd) antisepties

jUii* muiaddd contrary, opposite

ljaf

dakma

bigness, largeness, great

i farra u (darr) to hrm, impair, prejudice,

ness;

bulkiness,

grossness;

heavineas;

damage, hurt, injure

(a, s.o., s.th.),

do

volume, voluminosity; Btoutness, plumpness, corpulence, obeaity;


j

hrm, be harmful, noxious or injurious


(a, *

pomp, splendor

to

s.o.,

to s.th.) II to damage, hrm,

teujLhim inflating

prejudice III to ibrce,


s wellin g,

I;

IV

(<~>

or a, );

J^J

tadakkum

inflation ;

s.o.

expansion, dilation, distention;


tary)
(naqdi)
inflation,
|

(mone*iwkJ

compel, ooerce, oblige (J* to); to do violence ( to s.o.), bring


(

pressure to beer
also
(^-i)

on); to

add a second

JL.

JUUI

^Ju

distention of the

wife to one's household V to be damaged,

spieen (med.)
1*^*1*
jj+*i\

harmed, impaired, prejudiced, hurt, or


injured;
to suffor
(jof,

damage
about)

or loss;

to

mwfab&im pl.

-t

amplifier
J

complain

VII

to

be

m. ap-paut loud-speaker be contrary, opposed, oontrosting,


inverse;

damaged, harmed, impaired, prejudiced,


hurt, or
injured; to suffer

III to

damage or

antagonistic,
(a,

to

act,

set

loss VIII to force, compel, ooerce, oblige (


o.s.
s.o., Jl to);

against), antagonize (* s.o.), contras.th.),

pass. udjurra
or

to be forced,

vene, violate (a
to),

be opposed
s.th.),

compelled, obliged (Jl to); to be in an


(a,
*

be contradictory (a to
s.o.

emergenoy
act
pressed;
to

predicament,
(Jl

be
of

hard
s.th.),

contrary to

or

s.th. (a, .)

VI to be

be in need

opposed to eaoh other, be contradictory,


contradict one another
U* 4idd pl. jl-uil

need, want (Jl B.th.)

jJ
word
two
hurt;

drr,

farr

damage,

hrm,

im-

addd an opposite, a
with

pairment, prejudice, detriment, injury,


loss,

contrary,

contrast;

disadvantage
#urr addition of a second wife

opposite meaninga; adversary, Opponent;


antitoxin, antidote, anti- (in

jJ

dirr,

Compounds)

to one's household

538

\ji darra

pl.

-dt,

j\j*

dar'ir2 wife

jLmL. mudfarr forced, compelled, oblig-

other than the

first

of a plural marriage;

ed

(Jl to);

poor, destitute; wanting (Jl


(

udder
jj~* darar pl. j\j*i\ adrar hrm, damage,

s.th.),

in need

Jl

of

s.th.)

j* daraba
J*
at
* s.o.

(darb) to beat, strike, hit


i~>

detriment;

loss,
it

disadvantage

jj^SS

s.o., * s.th.,

what does
of it?

matter? -what's the hrm


atoff
<>4-$'

with; J*

*_j

with

s.th.

on;
s.o.,

on); to shoot,

fire (*,

at

jj^Jl <-^l

the lesser

s.th.), shell,
(*,

bombard

{*, * s.o., s.th.};

of the two evila


*\j*i

to play
|

darr' % distress, adversity

\jJ\

to

make music; to type

J* a musical instrument); (on a type-

l^-lli (aarr') in

good and bad days,

for

writer); to sting (soorpion); to separate,

better or for worse

j j*i darir blind


~*jjj~"

s.o.

part d>j people); to impose (* J* on s.th.); j* -j^ to turn away from,


leave, forsake, abandon, avoid, or
s.o.

shun

darra

pl. -i neoessity, stress,

or s.th.;

(darb,

L^

darabn) to

oonstraint, need; distress, plight, emer-

pulsate,

palpitate,

throb,

beat

(vein,

gency,
essarily

want, austerity; darratan neo|

heart); to ache (violently), hurt (wound,

jj^^Jl necessarily; jjjM\ Xs-

tooth);

to

move,
(j
;

stir;
in,

to

rove,

roam

in case of need, if

need be, when neoilV^wa)


in

about,

travel

through), loiter,
;

easary;

gj^aXh

hjj^
if

case

stroll (in streets)

to cruise (ship) to mi-

of dire worst;

necessity,

worst

comes to

grate (bird); to incline (Jl to a oolor),

*K-l

hj_r*^ ant*

rs?

^Jjj^

shade

(Jl into

a color);

(*-'!/'

dirb)
|

Cj\jJ\ (tubihu) neoessity


ifjjj-i darri
requisite,

knows no laws

to cover,

mount (Uthe camel mare) v_r*


s.o.,*

necessary, imperative,
inevitable ;
pl.

^Ul
jj"if!

di

(ajalan) to fix a date for

indispensable,

>-?j~*

{anai) to hll rice;

>-^j+

tieB

^i-)jj~" darriyt necessaries, necessitjjj*ib\ j* OB" to be necessary; |


U-l

(j-y'ifl

(ard) to travel;

J*

"*ijt <-jj~*

(bya)

to paint or daub s.th.;

^-Ul

^j** to
(jaras) to

cAijjj* d.al-hayah

neceasities of

knock on the door; ^J-}


ring

^i

life;

Jl^-Vl s\ujj~i exigencies, require-

the

bell ;

Li-

<-?ir*

(haqnan)

to

ments of the Situation


IjJu madarra
pl.
-dt,

administer a syringe, give an injection;

Uni ^j** (&#*) to draw a line; <-^j^

jLi*

maddrr*
disad-

^xSl
<*\x*\

Lli-I (li-aadsin)

and

^-l*-l

^j*

hann, damage, detriment,


vantago (J*
j\J**i\
for)

loss,

to brood, rack one's brain in

order to find a

way

out; to be at one's

ffirr

compulsion,

coercion;

wit's end; to intrigue, Boheme; to build


air

neoessity, exigency, requirement; plight,

Castles;

to

daydream;
qiynya)
to

*--

^j**
<-jj~*

predicament, emergency [jl^i^l


case of emergency
iSj\Ja^\
idfirri coercive,

x*

in

(kaimaian) to pitch a tent;


if*

*ijl

LJl

(raqma,
("iUl

break

oompulsory,

record;

-^

(aalm)

to give a
*

inevitable, necessary, obligatory

military salute;

i^^ ^j*

i 0086 a

jLi

drr

harmful,

injurious,

detri-

tax (J* on s.o.); j, *jUl ^r> (afn&aA) to take root, prevail (at a place); <*?j*0
J*.

mental, noxious, disadvantageous


jj^. mudirr harmful, injurious, detri-

oLi-l

to

settle

down,
;

take

up

permanent residence
(fban) to

in

a place L jL* ^j~*

mental,
to, for)

noxious,

disadvantageous

(>~>

make

brick; _^-\

liJ*

^j+

('adadan

fi

Ohara) to multiply a

number

;;

530

V^
speculate IV to turn
leave,

by another ;

<7cj.

->*
s.o.,

{'unttqah)
s.o.'s

to

away (je

fxom),

behead, decapitate

have

head

abandon, forsake, desert, avoid,


s.o.,

cut off; *Jl* ^,jj (qOiabah) to imitate


s.th.;

shun (je
abide
(

s.th.);

to remain, stay,
(ja' San)

lo J
ili.

^^
-^
^li.

(a0an) to slap

s.o.'s

in)

UU v^l
s.th.,

to

face;

(mafaZan) to apply
*)

a
to

be prepared for

make up
o.s.
;

one's

proverb to;

^^

(mafatan)

mind to take
je
(pafhan)

s.th.

upon
desist,

L^jL <^-i\

give s.o. an example, point out a model


for 8.0.;

to

abstain

fxom

^i*

<->j*i

to give an example;

(J**JI

J*) V-r*' (*amt) to stop work, to

to quote as an example ( J * or s.tb. J* for); jLulfl Vj^ * impart words of wia-

strike; fLUI je

v_^I

(fa'm)

to go. on

a hunger strike VI to come to blows,


brawl,
fight,

dom, point out morals; I^J <-"./* to mint money; Ij*^ ^^i (mait'idan) to agree on
time or plaoe of a meeting, make an appointment; (I^^ll Jl) ijj*\ Jl ^^i (hum*
ra, fufra)

strike
differ,

one

another;
clash,

to

be

divided,

oonflict,

be

contradictory

(opinions,

and the

like)

VIII to clash, surge, lap (wavea); to be


eet,

to shade into red (into yellow)


<-*j~i

or get, into a state of unrest, turmoil,

j^jl/l

4*

(ard) to

throw

s.o.

or B.th.

exoitement,
tation,

to the ground; JLXI

v^

oommotion,

tumult,

Agi-

(JfayQl)

to

be in the clouds, be unrealistic; to want


the
impoBsible;

be or beoome agitated, troubled; to be in a lively stir, move about, bustle,


hstle,

yX* Je
j
-.***

*J\j

^^i
head
;

(bi-ra'aiht 'a\& padrihi) to let one's

be

or

romp; to sway, reel, waver; to become disturbed, unsettled,


disarranged,
diaordered,

sink to the ehest;

,,|

^^i
active

disorganized,

(bi-sahmin mufibin) to take part in;

an

confused, entangled, upset, restless, uneasy, or anxious; to tremble, shake

oj^-Jj p+->
in,

y^ (u>a-nafibin)
B.th.;

to partieipate
(bi-'irq) do.
;

share
1

j/u *J

^^i

UU- ^j. * ^^i ('vr#a l-h.)


s.th.
;

not to give a hoot for


despise,
rejeet
a.th.
;

Vj-* r& beating, striking, hitting, rapping; shooting, shelling, gunning,

to disdain,
s.th.

bombing, bombardment
oong,
ey);

multiplication
(of

to

throw
*.

formation;
(pl.

minting

overboard,
Jl

jettison

a.th.;

>

(>_#

the

monsort,

vj^-* 4urb) kind,


variety;
last
(pl.

(noforiAi)
A-i-ji

to turn one's glance to;

Bpeoimen,
of

species,

foot

<--L-#

^i^i
fall

(bi-wajhi

fdhibihi)
orig-

seoond

hemistich;
b'ke
|

^I^il
jIj

to boomerang,
inator;
efface,

back on the

adrb) similar,
1

L*:^ and

LJT
etrike,

Je

^,^i

(kalima)

to

or erase,

a word; v-j^

Vy-^ (money) mint; J^ll V-r > d. ar-raml geomanoy; jldl v-^ shooting, firing,
shelling,
i-jj-^JI

Li*#

4^

(paffyan)

to turn

away
s.o.

s.o.

gunning,
^"^11

bombardment;

*^j

or

s.th.;

to

disregard,

ignore
to,

or

c-^

to level a weapon, bold a


fire;

B.th.,
s.o.

pay no attention

pass over
to take

weapon ready to
the likes of him

jl^lj j* he and

or s.th.; ijL .b.u-

J ^^i

futile steps;
|.LI

to beat the air; *_iJ

y-i

ItjJ darba

(n.

i--

(aab'ata

ayymin) he deeided
fl/tfl

vic.) pl. darabt blow,


jolt,

to stay seven days;

ojj Jo

^^
him,

knock, punch; thrust, push,


stroke,
trial,
(j-*!)!

shock
; ;

lash ;

(ayym) fate separated

shot ;

plague,

affliction
|

me from

tribulation,
4.

punishment

drew us apart
s.th.

li^.

II

to mix, blend
dissension,
quilt (*
(

(^

a-Sams sunstroke, heatatroke


(q4iy<*)

with) ;

to

sow

cause

V*l* *ls"
blow (Jp
kick

fatal

blow,

death-

trouble
III to

(^

among); to

a fabric)
s.o.);

for); .1^-

h^i

d. jaz'

penalty

contend, vie, fight

with

to

(in soccer)

Vj-
v!/** iirb

oopulation

(of

a female

*->jW fawrib*
arteries ;
<-0

pl.
|

of

-oU**

$rib

animal)

beating, striking, etc.

<<j]*iJl
tt *

yjjj

^ario besten, Struck, amitten,

3jj^\ the

J^

a r)

migratory

hit; similar,

Hke

0}

j*r" t-ri.r"*

one

birds
V-V**-*

of tbe oaliber of Sheik So- and -So


i-iyJ
^ortfea
pl.

atft

appointed,
(time,
|

agreed
dato,

lipon,

fixed,

determmed

l-JI^ faritib* im-

plaoe); multiplioand (math.)

<J

position, impost; levy, tax, duty; charaoter, natura


Jrf-Jl
|

^Js**

multiplier (math.)

v.y-

tf-

ad-dalfl

inoome tax;
tU-'amal

J*Jl

wage

tax;

iT \ mJ^ 4- k**b ,yoUJ V.y^ tf-

^* mu^arroAo
t_>jL

quilt,

oomforter

mwjdrib

pl.

-n speoulator

aZ-mattAf admiasiona tax, entertaizunent

tax

t-jjLiu mvtatfanb conflicting, irrecon-

v^* ma^n*
1

pl.

vjL**"

"^^
|

cable, inoompatible, divided (opiniona,

and the

like); oontradictory, discrcpant,

camp

site,

camp;

place, pot, locality;


tent,

inoonsiatent
V^-*-** mwjjarib diaturbed, diaordered,

way, path; large


(Jli-Vl) Jit*

marquee
be

OlT
diaarrayed, uneettled; confused, muddled,

v^*

( aJ-"-**) to be

proverbial,

be exemplary,

unique,

be cited as an example;
aruzz rice-hulling facities

Jjl vj'-**

perturbed; upaet, disrupted, disorganized,


*

deranged;
excited,

uneasy,

restive,

agitated,

anxioua ;

weak,

insufflciently

V^*- m%4rab
tent,

pl.

^jLi* ma^drifc 1 large


bat,

Bupported (tradition)
Vj--*"

marquee,
(tennis,

pavilion;
eto.)
;

mallet;

muarab playground

(fig.)

racket
(e.g.,

whisk,

beater

for

eggs);

s watter,

flys watter;

olic^p see i->s+ ifarb

piano

rj+
-Lr**

faraja

(farj) to spot, stain, befleck,

m^fd6 bat, mallet, raoket

(ball

gmear

(j-oJL

* s.th. with blood)

II

games, tennis)

V
pl. -<W

to redden, be or beoome red

jLi(stock
(Itl.

mwfmba
exohange);

Bpeoulation

jX* mtufarraj: j-Ul

silent

partnership

r.r**

al-yadain

with bloodstained hands; (caught) red*

Law), limited partnership, partner-

ahip in

oommendam

handed, in the act

v!/-*' %4rdb pl. -dt strike

_s*
oontradic-

tfortA

pl-

}j*

far'ih*,

-*

il

a4riha

grave, tomb;

mausoleum
to bite firmly or fiercely
{faras) to be dull
II

i^jLj

fa^drui Opposition,

tion, inoonsistency, discrepanoy,

rocom-

j-yi farosa
( B.th.);

i (tfara)

patibility, oonfliot, olash (of opinions,

and

fariM a
(oL-V

thelike)

(teeth

from acid food and drink)


( s.o.)

to

make
^j^k>l
ifcirb pl. -t disturbanoe, dis-

tough, battle-hardened ; to

render dull

the teeth by acid

order, disarray; oonfusion, muddle, per*

food and drink) IV to render dull (L^/l


the teeth by acid food and drink)

turbation;
upeet,

diaorganization,

disruption,

derangement;

trouble,

commo('ajaWya)

tion, ttnrest, riot (alao pol.); reetlessnees,

^j*

4%ra

pl.

^-ly-il
|

a4r*,
<$

^jy*
al-'aql

nativeness

U^*

ob^l

4ur& molar tooth

J-Ul ^y^i

nervou* disordera

wisdom tooth

Ml
iSJs* Vj*"
derous war

Ivb

far*

fierce,

mur-

flare

up

(war) II to kindle. Ught (*


fire,

fire)

j jUI
*.

^jUJ laddrW: ^ji\ ^jL^j


elevationa, undulations

al-ard

s.th.

fyJ to set s.th. on IV = II; V to burn,


(also

aet fire to

flare, flame,

be

of the ground;

ablaze

of emotion,

of paasion)

4*^1 face

,^-jjLij

t.

al-wajh wrinklea of the

VIII

=I
dirm buming, blaze,
flare; Are,

f\j*i

Jr^

oonflagration

darafa

(darf,

^i^i

darif, J*ly* dura})

to break wind

pL^-*'
fire,
S)

idfirm

buming,

flare

blaze;

conflagration

.U^

darf (n. un.

wind, fart

Jrl^ uraf wind,

pA-** nwdfarim buming, flaming, on


fart
fire

9y>

dara'a a, daru'a u (-[^ (fard'a)


r

and

jj*i II to set

(^

* a

dog on game); to

(fari

a o

(ftora')

to be humble, submissive

provoke

( s.o.)

to a fight

(^ with)
dvrS

(J!

toward

s,o.)>

humiliate

o.a.,

abse

o.s. (J(

before); to implore, bog, beseech,


s.o.)

jjj #rw

pl.

j*\

adrin, *\^i

entreat {Jl

III

to be similar, be

hound, hunting dog


Ijl^i dartva greed, voraoity

equal

(*,

to
.),

s.o.,

to B.th.), be like s.o.


(*, b.o.,
o.a.,

or s.th. (*,

rcsemble

s.th.)
o.e.

jL* darin voraoious,


rapacious;
(pl. j\j~i

T and
(Jl

ferocioua, aavage,

Till to humiliate

abse

daw&rin)

beaat of

before);

to implore, beg, beseech,

prey, predatory animal


*-****

entreat (Jl

s.o.)

y+
culture

dar' pl.
|

jj+
yJ&j

tfurfi',

1^
(zar')

dirtf agri-

da'da'a

to

tear

udder, teat

jjll

raze, ruin, undermine,


II ta4a'4a'a

down, demolieh, weaken (* s.th.)


deoay, beoome

and stock farnng


dir' like, alike, similar

to decline,

dikpitated, periah; to beoome

weak or
apart

y>
4*[r*

weaker,

wane; to diasolve,

fall

dar'a submissiveneaa, humble-

(Organization)
******* da'da'a demolition, razing; sap-

ness; imploring, begging, entreaty, supplication

ping,

undermining;

debility,

fraflty,

itjLi*

mu4raT a

likeneaa,

similarity,

feebleneaa jSi\ In.im.i 4- ai-kibar aenity,

resemblance
f j-j Uujarru* imploring, begging, entreaty, supplication
jt-i dri' frail (of a pereon)

dotage

**>

m\Ua4a>'d\

dikpidated, de-

oayed;

weakened,

debilitated;

weak

frail, feeble;

submissive,

humble

pyLi

mudri'

like,

alike,

similar;

<-**+

da'ufa u {du'j, da'f) to be or beoome

(gram.) imperfect

weak,

weakly,

feeble,

frail,

delioate,

debilitated,

impotent,

languid,

flabby,

jy*

^argarn
p l^>i

pl*

/L~ dargim* lion


pl.

or slack; to

beoome weaker, wane,


for s.th.)

de-

4irgm

> l^i

dargima

crease, diminish, abate, be attenuated;

lion

to

be too weak ( j*.


to

IT to weaken,
s.o.,

enfeeble, debitate (j* or *,

s.th.)

p^i darima a (daram) to catch


fire,

fire,

be on

deem
(

b.o.)

weak; to behave
s.o.)

burn,

flare,

blaze;

to break out,

arrogantly

toward

>

; ;

642

tj
frailty ;

#u'/,

4a'f weakness,

feebleness,

the lines;

(as

an
it,

expletire after j)

weakening,
|

enfeeblement,

dewill;

-pLij witbin
LitLi.

therein oontained

bilitation
,

Sil/iM uJ->

weakness of

mufafa

doubling,
pl.

oompound-

^)l ,JuuII Cafabi) neurasthenia.nervouB

ing,
(of

multiplying;

-t

oomplioations

debility; J-bdl Ja*~* $. aX-iansul sexual

a diseaae)

impotence
^i*LiJ Uuf'uf doubling, multiplying
,_-

- ^o't/ pl.

m. Lu->
f.

(iu'a/d* 1 ,

iJU
,_ '

4i'f, ii*-i tfa'afa, pl.

iJuU-J fa''if*
delicabe,
tiplied,

mu4a"af twofold, double; mulcompounded,


increased

weak,

feeble;

frail,

weakly,
languid,

many

debilitated,

impotent,
(aa

flabby,

times
,_JpLi.
tiplied,

slack;

deficient
(

Bchool-report

mwj'af twofold, double

mul-

mark)

SaIjI/1

^t*-* weak-willed;
$

Jt

^i

compounded,
4*'f

increased

many

JiJI 4. al-'aql dim-witted, feeble-minded


u-iSJI

times ; see also


Jf 4a'a, 4%'a see

.v

al-qalb

weak-spirited,

pusillanimous, meek,

faint-hearted,
.J*_iJl li

de-

^-y
to confuse, muddle,

spondent, cowardly;

my own

>

4a$ata
(*

(4&$)

insignificant seif, I (as

an expression of

mix up
**-*

a story)
pl*

modesty)
4*9t

^l*-*'

<*48&i

bunoh,
|

Jilwl

itf'd/

weakening, enfeeblement,

bouquet; mixture, muddle, jumble, maze

debilitation;

impaiiment
;

V>W^i >U~il oonfused dreamB;


SJLI

lii-J jlj

.Juii muata^af deemed weak weak


oppressed, miserable

Jp

(ibbla) to

make

a thing worse

*i <faafa a
B.th.);

((jagt)

to presB, squeeze (*,

Juu>

II

to double, redouble (*

to
do.

s.o.,

s.th.);

to

compress
(J*
on);
s.th.),

(*

air);

to

multiply,
(^* or

Compound

(*

s.th.)

III

exert

pressure

to

oppress,

a s.th.)

VI to be doubled, be

auppress

(J*

s.o.,

bear

down

compounded, be multiplied
t_' -^

heavily (J* upon) VII to be pressed, be squeezed, be oompressed


a4'f
;

$i'f
is

pl.

_jL~*l

double,
-*-*

that which

twioe as

mucb a

multiple,

#*#
tfjL-)
ddl /

pressure; emphasia, stress;

that which

is

severai times as

much,
mi'atu

oppression, suppression; voltage, tension


(eZ.)

irJ^II
.

(jatou-i)

atmospherio
iiJJl

(after numerals) -fold; fold of


pl.

a garment;
*!

pressure ;

ad'dam and
pressure;

interstice,

space

<**-*

(li'jUvi

a hundred times as much, the


it;

jji (damawf) blood


t^JI

-kw

hundredfold of

*iU_il

4-

al-haw* air pressure; Jai-i

C*

J^J

taltatu
-DI

a4'hi thrice as much, the threefold of


it;

jtjl (. ir-ra'y

Wmm)
pressure

ander the

4*U-il <JL~il a, a4'fihi

many
JLJ.1

times
JL
a.)

pressure of publio opinion

as

much,

e.g.

i_JU**l

*^lj*

IJL

L^> #j0fa

(n. vio.)

UmI
this

(mablagu murattabah ai'fa


as

amount was many times


bis

much

O Qy** 4uffiya (wind)


iji-L* dtif

pressure

as

salary;

e-Li

liU^I

a4'fan

nightmar
i
:

mwf'afatan
fold
,J-*Lk3

many

times,

a hundred-

O J**>Li ma4git
**ya) compressors

LjJj* iiLi* (atwi-

to4'lf*

contenta, text (of a


folds;

JpLij ta4gut compression (j)Ayj.; as

piece of writing);

Space between

opposed to Jiic to#aZuJ)

643

&have
( s.th.);

JLuil infifjf oompressibility


Ja* L> 4$i(:

to

rill

a.th.

with);

Lei*

*JT

oompnaaor

to wrap, envelope

(J

s.th.,

t with),

spread (J

s.th.
i JI

over)

oompressed

air

\ykj iafwa:
to bear a grudge,

lJ 4

yi-i o\ al-'aii an

easy, comfortable

life

ji^ (Eama a
harbor

((io^on)

Jl> a^/2n abundant, oopious, ample;


detailed, elaborate, extensive

(seoret)

hatred

(Jp

against),

resent (J a.o.) YI to harbor a grudge against one another


<jk*i

J->

(ioflo t

(J^U

aVjJ, JJ->L; oViUIn)

to lose

4ign

pl. <JtL*l

a^dn ranoor, Bpite,


111

one's way, go astray; to stray (j or t

grudge,
(seoret)

malioe,

malevolence,

from the way); to


will,

err

<**~ ^L (so'*

hatred
4agin
malioious,

yvh) bis
malevolent,

effort

waa

in vain II to mialead,
( s.o.);

lead astray, misguide

to delude,

deoeive
o.a.

(.

s.o.)

_ JL to delude
(. a.o.)

ranoorous, apiteful, reBentful


ij*i tfaflna pl. ,>'U_i fafffin' ranoor,
spite,

IT

D; to make

lose his

way

(); to let (.) s.th. get lost

grudge, malice, malevolenoe,

ill

^i

fa

error

will, (seoret)

hatred
(of people)
ififf

iL fafla orowd, throng, jam <Li


iiffa, Jaffa pl.

J^-> QaU a straying from the right path or from truth; error ^ VI J^Li
|

iJlL

bank,

oolor blindneaa, diohromatism


J^iL a^oZdZa

ahore; ooait
u- i .

error
pl.

(io/o/

poverty, destitution

JjJl

wflOa

JJLil a&UfP error


oocasion, or possi-

jov*

#/', atycfa' pl.


iSj*>.

jolLi afc/SaV frag


rrogman
(mtl.)

*Li*
|

mafaa an

ALi

(ooaori)

bility, of

going astray
tafl misleading, misguidanoe,

jJLi jafara i (fafr) to braid, plait ( hair),

JrLu

deluaion, deoeption

interweave, interlaoe, intertwine ( a.th.);


to twine ( a rope) II
as&ist, aid ( s.o.)

I;

in

to help,

J^LI

%$UU misleading, misguidanoe,

TI to help one another

deluaion, deception
iiLi
(fll

(J. to do a.th.); to be tightly inter-

pl.

Jl^

tfawW straying,
astray,
loat;
er-

woven, be tied up, be olosely oonneoted


(^* with); to

roaming,

wandering;

be ooncatenated (evidenoe)

roneous, false
JL; aVQIa goal of persistent searoh,

jJLi 4a)r pl.

j>L

tyflr (eaddle) girth

jlLi fafr

pl.

jjui (fu/ur (saddle) girth

objeot of a long-cherished wish


^jjtju

<JL#

do.

IjJui iafira pl.


braid,
treas,

JUui

<faf'ir'

plait;

pigtail; plaitwork, wioker-

JL4* mnfo misleading, misguiding,


deceptive, deluaive, fallaoioua

work; galloon, laoe; Strand, hank, skein;


plexus (anat.)

(jL.) IL. faf u

(Jo/w)

to be abundant,

misguiding, J* mv4M deoeptive, delusive, fallaoious


mialAjuiiwg^

oopious; to flow over IT to allot generously (Jp * a.th. to); to grant, award

/Li

tfala'a

a ((W) with .: to aide with


;

s.o.,

(J t

.th. to);

to let

s.o.

or s.th. (J.)

make common oauae with s.o. u (u^L; ia\Sa) to be streng,

a^oiu'a

eturdy,

; ;

&
robust;

544

<fali*a

($ala') to

be orooked,

hug
(Jl

(*

s.o.);

to join,

subjoin,

annex

beut, curred, to curve II to crook, bend,

s.th. to),

add, attach (Jl

*, s.o.,

ourve

(* s.th.)

V to be jammed, crammed
Bkilled,

s.th. to), unite (Jl *, s.o., s.th. with);

(^

with);

to be versed,

pro-

to combine (within o.a., * different things) to dose, compress (* the ups) ; to grasp,
grip, grab,
{ s.o.)

ficient,

knowledgeable (,> in), be oonversant, be thoroughly familir or


acquainted (j* with), be at

see (J

s.o.,

s.th.);

to get

home
to
in),

(^*

into a predioament (said of fate);

in

field

of knowledge)
profioient

Till
(<-

be
be

to pronounce with the vowel

{*

versed,

Bkilled,

conBonant; gram.)
the ranka; jJ-# Jl
s.o.

<J^u]l

^i to

olose

thoroughly familir or aoquainted, be


conversant
orer, take
(<-

*
,

(padrihi) to press

with); to assume, take


o.s.
(<-*

to
Jl

one's

bosom

embraoe

s.o.

upon

s.th.,

s task,

ojJ

*>

(zaujatah) he

embraced

financial expenses,

a job, and the lue)


(,>.

hia wife

VI to
paoked;

unite, rally, join forces

to be versed, Bkilled, profioient

VII to olose,
closely

draw

or orowd together, be

in),

be thoroughly familir or acquainted,

to be joined, united,

be conversant (j* with)

or
|

oombined

(Jl with), unite, join forces

*Li

(W

affeotion,

attachment
with
him,

**L*
ia

(Jl

with); to be added, be

annexed

(Jl

4m
on

he

sympathizes

he

to); to associate, afflliate (Jl with);

to

hia Bide

enter, join (Jl


like);

an Organization, and the

to comprise, include, encompasa,


s.th.)

^U
a^bf,

4%
*Ju*l

$tia'

pl.

^Li

.luH', **'

<h#u* rib; outlet, chop; Bide

embraoe, contain (J*

(of a triangle);

>LVl

the ehest, the


aJ-MrmtJ
J-a.

~i famm addibion, subjunetion gather;

breast

J-vJ'

>L*
tSJ
1

d.

barrel

ing, oollecting, rallying, joining, uniting,

stave; f

^Vi

mufcMdu*

equi-

amalganiation,

fusion;

admiasion,

en-

lateral (peom.); j-^l


s.th,

^L

*J

uS' he

had

rollment; the vowel u {gram.)


*jf
-dt)

to
in

do with the matter, he had a


it,

<famma the vowel point foru;

(pl.

hand

he played a role in the


strong,

affair

embrace, hug
pl.

*-Li

fal?

Bturdy

knowl-

*-** 4amima
dition,

f\jf

(pzmd'im 1
raiae

ad(of

edgeable, experienoed, skilled


4*"5Li

Supplement;

inorease,

^aU'a Btrength, eturdiness,

ro-

salary)

bustness (of the body)

Li? tafldmm;
(pl.

UL

together with,

mL^A
-dt)

mufad
|

ribbed; polygonal;

jointly with
(If-ijl

polygon

Li* r^ corrugated iron


skilled, pro-

iiufimdm
(Jl (Jl
of),

annexation

(Jl

to),

-Lit.

muta^oUi* versed,

joining
filiation
(Jl

union, association, afentry,

fioient (&> in),

thoroughly familir, con(,> in)

with);

enrollment
like),

versant

(j,-

with); expert

into an Organization,
( Jl

and the

acceasion

to)

4*Li (Turk. tfobna) (Wttuj stuffed food

{e.g.,

eggplants Btuffed with meat and rice)

fjTui-

mo^mflm

closed,

tight,

com-

prossed (mouth)

~i iamma u {famm) to bring together,

join,

draw together, oontraot

(*

s.th.);

to

jjv(mtl.)

mun^amm:

**! fll olose order

add

(up),

sum up

(a s.th.); to gather,

collect, reap,

harveat (* s.th.); to unite,

O
ment

Tu> munifamma
(teeAn.)

accessory, attach-

bring together (> persona); to embrace,

646

u*-
jjf*

J*l

idmahaUa
fade

to

diaappear,

vanish,

damir

pl.
;

j)jf dam&ir* heart;

dwindle,
deorease,
JtA**r*l

away,
leat

melt

away;

to

mind ;
(gram.)

innermost

oonsoience ;

(inde-

beoome

pendent or suffixed) personal pronoun


van|

%4mihll disappearanoe,

jrwJl

i_-ajU

compunotions,

iahing, evanesoence; fading

oontrition, repentanoe; j^iil

hayy

ad-d.

oonBcientious,

oent,

mudmahiU fading; damped

vanishing, evanes(oaoillations,

j**jb\

r^j murth ad-d. of peaoeful mind;


unsorupulous
pl.

sorupulouB;

waves;

jwUJI

-tili

phy.)
j^-i*

midmr

_^.Li*

madmir*

mif damafca

(damfc)
(i_*

and

II to oil, anoint,

race oourse, raoe track; arena; field of


aotivity, field,
j\jf\

rub, perfume
isf

*, * s.o., s.th-.

with)
II

domain

damada u

(damd

dimd) and

idmr oonoealment (of a thought),


ellipsis (rhet.)

to dress, bandage (*
jli*

s.th., esp.

a wound)

mental reservatio^;
j*\-

dimd bandaging
band,
ligature;

dmir lean, akinny, tbin; slender,

(of

a wound);
alim, Breite

bandage,

oarrying

on
j^Jl*

of several love affairs (of a vornan)

mudmar

seoret, hidden, covert;

oU*
bandage
Ua*

(independent or auffixed) personal pro*

dimda dreaaing

(of a wound),

noun, alsOj^U.

--1

(ism; gram.)

mudammid

(ir.)

male nurse

jt* damina a {lr* damn) to be or beoome


responsable or liable, be guaranty, give

4*-i*

mudammida

compreas;

(tr.)

seourity or guaranty,
for),

vouoh

((_*

or

nurse
Jtf damara,

Warrant, ensure, safeguard, guar(*

damura u (dumr,

j^ (Jumr)
thin,

antee

J to

s.o.
|

s.th.);
\lxi>

to

insure

to be or beoome lean, emaciated, skinnyf


thin t alim, Blender; to oontraot, shrink
II

(j* * s.th.

against)

*_iJ jjf to
to have

be absolutely certain of
(* s.th.) insured

s.th. II

to

emaoiate,

make
IT

lean,
II;

or

(>

against); to inaert,

slender (* s.th.)

to secrete,

include, enclose (* * s.th. in s.th. eise)

conceal, bide, keep secret (*i


in one's heart),
(*-*AJ

* s.th. to
o.s,

T to oomprise,
be jointly
liable,

inolude,

oomprehend,
s.th.)

keep (*

s.th.)

imply, embrace, oontoin {*

TI to

j);

to haxbor, entertain
against)
s.o.
j-iJl
|

feeling
(iarra)
ill

toward,
to bear

(Jas ^1
*J

hare Joint responsibility

(* for s.th.); to

be solidary, be in acoord,

a grudge, harbor

stick together

will against s.o.

V to beoome

lean,

j*
(prep.)

dimn
in,

inside,

interior;
of,

dimna
among;
implio

emaciated
shrivel

TU

to diy up, wattier, wilt,

within,
(adv.)

inside

bi*

dimnan
|

inclusively,

ji?

dumr em&oiation;

leanness, skin-

itly, taoitly

Ui* r>fi* tacitly compriaed,

niness, thinneaa, slenderness, slimness

implicit;

jif <y

min dimni (with

foll.

genit.) included in, implied in, belonging

jjif

dumr

emaoiation;

leanness,
slim-

to, falling

under; -+->

among them;
and
in-

akinnineas,

thinness,

slenderness,

Ui^j /-'-* (mub&iratan) direotly

neas; atrophy (med.)


j\if dimr:
(i.e.,

direotly

jli*

j*

(dain)

bad debt

Jx*^tmn{ included, implied; hidden,


implioit, tacit

a debt deemed

unoolleotible)

o*^
die*

546

damn

responsibility,

guaranty,
as-

dLj

fanuka u (fank, iTb-> fanka) to be


cramped, confined (oircumto be weak, be exhausted
distress, straits
life
|

Warrant, surety, security,


surance,

liability,
|

Btraitened,

Bafeguard;

insurance

oli*
0^-1)1

atancea)

^l^
4>ll

(jam'l)

collective Becurity;

dL*i 4ank poverty,

{muMarak)

do. ;

u^JI

>jl-

of

dL-i ,J+e {'aU) a hard, wretched

limited liability, Ltd.; ^ll T,a^-$. insurance


j-s*
sible,

rjfco*

Company
pl.

iL Li- ma4ni&
tiii*

Btraits,

hardsbips

mu^nik weak, exhausted

4am%n

Ur* faman'' respon-

anawerable, liable
bail(sman),
(t->

(y

for);

war-

_^ (fanw, iinxe ohildren


J-i ffantya a (^anan) to become or be lean, emaciated, gaunt, enervated, or worn
out; to pine away, be consumed (with
grief)

rantor,

bondsman, surety,

guarantor
Uli*

for)

(famna

guaranty, surety, War-

rant (y), oollateral, seourity, bau

IV to emaciate, debilitate, weaken,


(

yf\ adman*

offering better

guaranty

enervate
( s.o.);

s.o.);

to exhaust, wear out

to undermine, sap (* the health);


(* s.o.;

^LiJ ta4mun
Joint liability;
Sirkat at-t.
liability

mutuality, reciprocity;
jyLii T^-S
|

to oonsume
like)

of anxiety, and the

solidarity

commercial Company of Joint


j*i

fanin

lean,

emaciated,

gaunt,

languished, wasted,

wom out,

enervated;
grief,

j^U* 4min responsible, anawerable,


liable;

exhausted; consumed with

care-

warrantor, bail(sman), bondsman,

worn
J-i (fanan weakness, feebleness, de-

surety, guarantor
i'^ini-

ma$mn

guaranteed, ensured,
bility,
(pl.

exhaustion, emaciation; grief

warranted; insured (object);

J^-Ui*

matfmin 2 ) content, purport, meaning(of


a
letter,

Ji*

mv^ncm

lean, emaciated, gaunt,

and the

like)

Jj-yJI
(data)

u^****

languished, wasted,
;

worn

out, enervated

regiatered (letter) ; j*-i*

^j

bond-

exhausted pining away, wasting away

ed,

or funded, debt (n.)

i+* 4ahada a

(fahd) to suppress, oppress,


( b.o.)

jji*

mwfamman

included, implied
reciprocal

treat unjustly, persecute


jl(J*-il

VIII

^Lii- mitUufmin mutual,


soUdary, united in soUdarity

ftihd

pl.

-i

suppression,

repression, oppreasion, maltreatment, per-

secution, enslavement

jj

$anna

(Ist pers. perf. fanintu)


i

a and
'

(fanna (Ist pers. perf. (fanantu)

(4ann)

4L

A-

mu4fahid

oppressor,

tyrant,

persecutor

to keep back
Btingy
(<_>

(l->

s.th.),

be sparing or withhold

(v J* toward
s.o.
|

s.o. with),

j^i

(fahr pl. jj4~* tfnhr

summit, top

(of

Jp from
lj a.th.)

s.th.),

s.o.

goiin) to

Jp ir shun no effort
<->

(be)grudge (J* jpi U (W-ma-Jatf


for the sake of

mountain)

^J III to be similar, alike, or oorresponding


to resemble or s.th. (*,
to s.th.); to
( s.o.,
),

* s.th.), be like s.o.


(

^0
JkU*

$ann;

b-> (<2anan) in Order


in

correepond
(Jp,
<~

to

s.o.,

to apare

B.th.,

due oonsideration of
avaricious,

compare

* s.th. with;
(_>

(fanin

niggardly,
thrifty,

^ij

ju two

things); to imitate

stingy;

Bparing,

economioal,

s.o., s.th.)

soanty, meager, poor, insufficient

Lft*0

ifahan

menopause, climaoterio

547

t*
>

jt-i fhig similar,


ing, analogous

(a)like,

oorrespond-

&*>* 4m4a* noise, din, uproar

4awfan

noise, din,

;ULi- mwtfhh similarity.resemblanoe, Wrnn eas, oorrespondenoe, analogy; oomparison (Je with)

uproar

'.-**'

ty*

*r

"

(#"') *o spread, difluee,

emanate
similar,
(a)like,

(fragranoe);

to
I

be

fragrant,

Li.

mwfMn

exhale fragrance
cor-

responding, analogous
(y->

UUi
iSj-i

look np alphabetioally

>ti

aVJ'a

(im!) to gleam, beam,


II

fawt

radiate,

ahine

to light

s.th.,

to);

lamp); to
e.g.,

jatriya a to be lean,
sorawny IY
. s.o.,

to resort, have reoourse (Jl


thin, spare,

illuroine, illuminate

(* a.th.,

a house) IY

slight,

I;

to ahed light,

out

jj^l to weaken,
to hrm, injure, s.th.) YII to
o.s.

debilitate (,

s.th.);

light (J. upon, over); to light, illumine, illuminate ( a.th.); to enlighten (


.th.,

damage, prejudioe
join,

(. s.o., s.o.),

the mind)

V=

follow

I;

X to be illumined,
(ij by,

(Jl

attach
(Jl
s.o.'s

(Jl

to
4'ji

s.o.);

to

rally,

be

flock

lit;

to seek light; to seek (to obtain)

around,
banner)
slight,

enlightenment or insight
in,

* around or under
ifdwin
thin,

through,

with); to let
(

o.s.

be enljghtened or

jLi

lean, spare,

guided

v by)
1

sorawny
light; bright-

jS
neaa,

<fau' pl. .Ij^l orfio


| (_

(-)

J*-*

&">

(fair)
(,

to hrm, injure,
.

glow

rjl ,_^i

f,

ai-iarm aunlight,

damage,
infliot

prejudioe
(,

s.o.,

s.th.),

aunahine;
light;

jJUI

y_

f.

al-qamar moon-

damage

upon)

^S" ,yi aearchlight; jl+JI ,^i an-nakir daylight; ,yi Je (with foll. genit.) in the light of, under the ciroum4.

j*i fair hrm, damage, injury, prejudioe; wrong, iniquity, offense

stanoeB
d>j~i

of,

aa seen from...; aecording to


light*
(in

j j^i
(j*-4

**_ qiama

fb
i

unjust diraion

fau'i luminary,
|

Com-

pounds)

Vj-> i-

(sana) light-year

U
be

jTa
lost

Mai', _l_> (fayf) to get

W
#LI
:j-ill

4<y&

light, brightness,

glow
I

fd*a

lighting;

illumination

(J, for s.o.); to lose iteelf, diaappear; to periah II and IV to ruin, let perish, thwart, frustrate, mar, destroy
(, s.o., s.th.);

lost,

I.LiVI

(mujoyyada)

restricted

to lose, forfeit (i
s.th.);

s.th.),

illumination

dim-out;

I.LiVI f-V""*

be deprived (t of
der,

to waste, aquanto negleot,


( s.th.),
|

mifbSh
*
i

al-i.

incandeBoent lamp
shiing, luminous, bright
Ietter

apeud uBelessly

(. s.th.);

omit
s*

mufV

( s.th.); to misa, let

go by

let elip (i a.th., e.g,

an opportunity)

jLj 4Sd name of the


(/>-)

^i
injure,
s.th.),

"*- *-* (V"4J<"A) to forfeit one's right;

jJI o_ i_i_JI at-fai/a

ifayya'ii l-labana

jLi

rfn

Waur) to hrm,
(*,

damage,
infliot

prejudioe
(*,

s.o.,

damage

upon); to suffer

violent hunger, starre to death

you have let the opportunity go by, you missed your ohanoe; ~jl (tawabaH) to lose one's mind; **!> .
l

(invar.) approx.:

to

writhe with pain; to writhe, winoe, be oonvulsed ( with pain, with hunger)

"J LI (Ar) to make s.o. miss an opportunity; jll ^Lil (uaqt) to waste
**->*

time

jj-* faitr violent hunger

^i 4ai'

loas

&
<_*;

648

ai*a

pl.

pL>

(y*

landed
small

hospitality

Jilp-i

cJl you are

my

eetate,
village,
,

oountry estate, domain;

guest

hamlet

JU- m%4yf hospitable;


loss;

hospitable

,^i

QayS
|

ruin,
rf.

deatruotion,

host
iu Li.

perdition

cJjH }-*

oZ-uwjf losa of

maffa

hostel,

guesthouae, inn

time

^ j- ma4yafa guest room; guesthouae


lossl

Jlu^ L yd ^i'dnoA what a


f-L-i

Lil iffa addition, appoaition; aubjunotion,

mK?y<r prodigal, squandering,


Bquanderer,
wastrel,

annexation,

appending,

at,

wasteful;
thrift

spend-

taohment,

augmentation, aupplementa-

tion; assignment, allocation; ascription"

p _^
n

Ut4y? waate, squandering,

dis-

attribution (Jl to); genitive construotion


(gram.)
|

ipation; negleot, Omission

J*-l Jl

oLil

(ajal) limitation (of

a legal transaotion;
i*L>i

Isl.

Law); Jl L*Vl>

ifa waste, squandering,


|

dis-

in

eomparison with, in relation to; with


to,

aipation; negleot, Omission


i.

ii^lt

*LI

respeot

regarding

. . ;

with

regard

dl-waqt waste of time


j*L 4'i' pl.

to, in oonsideration of; in addition to,


}**

^-i

^ityya'

#y*"

beeide;

<iDi

Jl LiVlj moreover, further-

(getting) lost; poor, wretched, miserable


:.

more, besides

^.

mo<Era ruin,
loss;

deatruotion, per-

jLil

ifji additional, aupplementary,

dition,

mutfia,

ZJjk <***

auxiliary, contributory, extra; Beoondary,

(li-l'Waqt)
n

waste of time, loss of time

subsidiary,

tributary,

acoessory,
;

inci-

dental, Bide-, by* (in

Compounds) relative

mua\tyyV prodigal, squandering,

(phot.)

wasteful

*JL#I ujflya relativity {philo*.)


,_v
(
-i

JLi #/a

(4U# #yd/a) to stop


II to take in aa

J*~* mwfif host


^i

or Btay aa

a guest

a
i-

guest, receive hospitably, entertain

( s.o.)

mv4*fa

hostesa ;

air

hostesa,

IV
(Jl

= II;

to add, aubjoin, annex, attaeh

atewardesa

* a.th. to); to

admix

(Jl * .th. to);

JiLi.

mu^j added, Bubjoined, ad\

to connect, bring in relation (Jl * s.th.


with); to asoribe, attribute, assign (Jl *
s.th. to s.o.)
|

joined, apposed; oonatruot state (gram.)


<J1

J Lill

the

second,

or

governed,

fJ

Jl

l**1

JL>I (ieman)

noun of a genitive oonatruction (gram.);


ifli

to annex a
genitive

noun

(the firet

member
*iJli

of a

Jl

ULi*

moreover,

furthermore,

oonstruction) to

another (the
Jl
-*-*!

besides

aeeond member; gram.); Ol


(a$if)

what'a more,.., moreover,.., fur. ...

(JLi)

J~> ddgo

i (4aiq,

#g) to be or become

thermore

VII to be added, be annexed,


(Jl to)

narrow, straitened, cramped, oonfined;


to beoome too narrow, too oonfined (j
for);

be aabjoined, be attaohed
Invite s.o.
.,.,,*

to

()

to be one'a guest
pl.

to

be

anguished,

uneasy,

de-

4aif

u&r* $vyU ^W^


guest; visitor

a4yf,
j

0U~; &jn
iiyfa

(^ beoanae of, by, at, about); to become or be tired, weary of b.o., of a.th.) ,>jVl *j CJL0 (ar$u) (v
presaed, dejeeted
|

L>

hospitable

reoeption

to be at a

loas,

be at one's wit'a end;


life

entertainment as guest, aooomodation

U-l

*i

cJL

(haytu)

depressed bim,

M9

rf
he had a bad time, he was bad
J-Jl
*i

off;

cSL*

4.

ap-padr vezed, annoyed


(

(t-.

over, at, by),

(svbulu) to be at a Iosb, be at the


tether,

angry

end of one's

at,

with); upaet, depressed,


^pull

be at one's wit'a end;


not to be up to

downcast, dejected;

j^i

4. al-'aql

kii

*5li

(dar'an)

narrow-minded, hidebound, dull-witted;


JlkJi

a.th.,

be unable to do or aooomplish

J>

amall-range; of narrow aoope,

s.th.;
a.th.,

not to be able to stand ar bear


of, feel *u.

limited in extent; oonfined, limited, restrioted

be fed up with, be tired uneay about, be oppressed by;


Uji
do.;
j-u

JLi
be

jL#

iV>

daiqa,

diqa

atraitened

(padruh)

circum-

to

annoyed, angry;

&

.4,

cJLi (yadvM) to

atancea, poverty; anguish


J--JI adyatf narrower, tighter

be incapable of; to be too poor to...


II

to

make narrow
restrain,

or narrower, narrow

Jr-i* madtq pl. JjL madyiq*. jJLi*

(down), straften, oramp, tighten, oonfine,


constrain,
(*
s.th.);
;

mad'iq*

strait(s) ;

defile,

(mountain)

restrict,

contract
e.g.,

pass; narrow(s), strioture


c--ij

to pull tight (*

a.th.,

ta4yiq

narrowing,

tightening
J

dresa)

to harass, oppresa, beset, besiege,

restriotion, limitation; oppression

beleaguer (J* s.o.); to keep (J* s.o.) short (j in s.th.) jUi-1 to tighten
|

J-juAJ
i"

j^

jLJ-l tightening of the blockade; jj


jbA.*l

the blockade; <Ju J* j^i to restrain o.a., take restrictions upon o.s. III to
vex, annoy, anger
oppresa, beset
{

(tightening of the rope

=)

stran-

gling, suppression

s.o.);

to harass,

3iUi*

mvdyaqa

pl.

-t

affliction,

(. s.o.);

to trouble, bother,

distress, grievance,

embarrassment; ob-

inconvenience, disturb, hinder, hamper,

atruction, impediment, disturbance, har-

impede, affect gravely


bear

(m,
*

s.o.,

a.th.),

aaament, moleatation; depressing State;


anger, annoyance, vexation, Irritation;

down heavily
(.

(*,

upon); to cause

trouble

to

s.o.)

VI to be or become

inconvenience,

difficulty,

trouble,

nui-

narrow, to narrow; to become annoyed,

become
about)

irritated;

to be angry (ja at,

UJLi
ament,
uation,

d'iqa pl. jJlj-i ^awd'tg* predioatraita,


criais
|

difficulty;

oritical

Sit-

J~>

dlq narrowness; tightness, close-

^^uJ!

IL;

4.

al-'ai

atraitened

ness; confinement, restriction, Limitation,

oircumatancea;

<JU

UJUi

constraint; shortage, scarcity ; oppression,

(mliya) financial atraita

anguiBh;

dejectedneaa,

depreasion, dis-

JjU* mvdyiq troublesome, irksome,


wearisorae,
disturbing,

treaa; lack,

want, paucity, poverty; care,


IrI

annoying ; nui-

worry, anziety; anger, annoyance,

sance (peraon)
JjUii.

ritation, exasperation; wearinesa, ennui


Ul

muiadyiq

annoyed,

vexed,

olj J-^

4 di al-yad

poverty, destil

irritated, exasperated, angry;


('-

hard preseed

tution; |>Ult

j^J

4>

al-maqm cramped-

ness, lack of space; JLUJI

J->

do.; amall

((^->)

4&m&

(daim) to wrong,
(.

hrm
to

rnge,
xJl

limited
4-

extent,

narrow

soope;

( b.o.), infliot

damage
( s.o.)

upon
I

s.o.);

J-J

al-yad poverty, destitution

treat unjuatly

s-* fayyiq narrow; tight; cramped;


short, scarce ; conhned, limited, restrioted |

-1

daim

pl.

fjr*

tfuym

wrong,

inequity, in justice; hrm, damage, det-

J^l

J^-i

riment, injury

4.

al-failuq

illiberal,

un-

generous; impatient, annoy ed; jijl

j^

'L; look up

alphabetioally

560

.W

abbreviation of Jl^i qirf

IL f'

name
pl.

of the letter

JjU.

(It.

tavola)
af-f.

tvnda table

JjUJI

Ul

la'bat

backgammon,

trioktraek;

U Jd&a
jjj

-
pl.

ball

JjlUI ,j-j

table tennis
(Jobb, fibb, pubb)

/&flr

joj>L ftxwHr*

battalion;

c-i.

faWw u
ically

to treat med* give


s.th.);

(0.)

line, file, Single file (of soldiers,

of

(*,

s.o.,

s.th.),
s.o.,

medioal
to seek

persoiiB Walking

one behind the other);


jjjIUI the fifth column

treatment

(*, *

to

to

queue
4-jIL

u^Ji^\

to remedy, tackle (J
medically
(*, (*,

s.th.)

II to treat

s.o., s.th.), *

give medical

fd&tya pl. t-tljU fawftn fortreaa, fort;


fortress tower;
(eg.)

treatment

to

s.o.,

to s.th.)

to

round
(chess)

rook, Castle

receive, or undergo, medioal treatment,

submitto medical treatment; to practica

^-U

fjin pl.

,>r^

fowjM*1 frying pan;

mediaine, engage in the medical field

{eg.)

shallow earthen pot

to seek medioal advioe


(

from

s.o.),

oonsult
jU, <jlU see j_ji
u-1

a dootor)
medical treatment; medicine,
|

fibb

jlU frima

pl. -dt

kiosk, booth, cabin, stall

medical science
dentistry,

L-^l ^1
science;

f.

al-asnn

dental

jlL fza fresh,

tendar,

new new

j^W
jf-^l

v^'
<-J""

(baifari)

veterinary science;

pjll /za; freah,

(Sar'i) forensic
afoi)

JlLJI <_JJl (naf* psychiatry ^i\ 1* 'Um af-f. medioal


medioine;
;

\j*U*

and

<*IL see L^jl


,fi*

science, medicine; _JJl *JS" kuiycU af-f.

'^JJ^

and

u*j jU 0wfl* pl.

triJ^

medical school, medical College, (chiefly


Q. B. :) faculty of medicine

faurfwt'

peacock

ILlL fa*(a*a w> incline, bend, tut,

bow

(<*lj

^
<X

fibbi

medical,

pertaining to the
|

ra'wAfl one's head; also uaed without

medical profession or science


(fibbiyan)

li j*^
for mili-

physioaJly

fit

(e.g.,

tary servioe)
jUlL> mufa'ft*

with bowed head


fabba
pl. -dt
(eg.)

cushion, pd;

lUtU* mufa'fa*:

*T ll _r -r

tUk. m.

ar-ra's

plug, Stopper, stopple;

bung

with bowed head

^aA
l

2 fabib pl. ULI afibb" , l\ afibba

JU fq

pl. -<W,

lU

fign arch (arch.);

(pl.

physioian, doctor
veterinarian ;

jjL-

_-*-!*

(baifarx)

-dt) layer,

Stratum

^U-

v,-*^ Qfft.) physician

Uli fdga

pl. -dt

window
pl.

in ordinary, private physioian (e.g., of

king);

J*-'

~^
^j-i

medicine

man,

yiU

?iya

jl^U

fautifff

white

ahaman;
dentiat;

L-^l

dental surgeon,
(far't)
I

ootton skullcap (often worn under the

jj.
(jur.)
;

^u-t
<j jIA-

medioal
<~<^*

tarbooah; in Eg.
(of the

<&);

fatigne eap

ezaminer

,j+\j*i\

Eg. Territorial Army)

(jdiya) dermatologist

&
^aJ fabiba female doctor, doctress *;U fibba medical treatment; medioal
profesaion
a.th.); to

impress with a stamp, aeal or


or

signet

(*

Jp

a.th.),

leave

or

sei

one's stamp, aeal, mark, or impress

^oJJ

or *,
tafbib

on

s.o.,

healing

art,

medical

(J* on s.th.) ; to stamp, imprint,

impress
(*

practica, medical profesaion

(J* * s.th. on); to mint, coin money); to print (* s.th.); pass.


to

V:^" * nvutafabbib quack, quaoksalver

fvbi'a

>

iabaka

u a

disposition,
(fabk)

to

cook

(*

s.th.)

have a natural aptitude or have a propensity, be disfor)


j

VII to be or get cooked

posed by natura (J*

*wlLj **J

(bi-fbi'ihi) to place, set, or

leave one's

^1 fabk
food;

oooking,

cookery;

oooked

stamp,
s.th.,

mark,

or

impress

on

s.o.

or to

celluloid
(n. un.)

impart one's
or
s.th.;

own
^J,
s.o.,

character
(fubi'a)

J
LL j*

fabka

(articla

of oooked)

s.o.

U*

to

be

food, meal, diah, course

innate,

inherent
s.o. II

in

be

native,

fabbk cook
tabifc

natural to

to tarne, domestioate,
;

break

in, train (*

an animal) V <*LL
take
on,

Li

cooked food, fare


culinary art,

(bi-tib'ihl)

to

assume,

or

i^-LU
cuisine

fibJca

cookery,

receive
s.o. 's

s.o.'s

peculiar

character,

bear

stamp

or impress VII to

be stamped,

j* Tnafbak pl. lk. mafbik 2 kitchen;

cookshop, eating houae, luncheonette


j*

be printed, be imprinted, be impressed; to leave an imprint or Impression (Jon);


to be disposed

by natura ( Jp

for)

mitbak

pl.

Vlk.
(also,

Tnafbik*
e.g.,

any
jl

cooking
plate),

apparatua
cooking

hot
(pl.

fab'

printing (of a book),


/t6*)

print;

stove,

kitchen

rnge,

g-LU

impress,

impreasion, charac-

portable rnge
l

stamp,
teristic,

hallmark,

peculiarity,

nature, character, temper, (nat^*J-I


| I

jji

\abar hatchet, ax, battle-ax

ural)

disposition

-J,

f.

al-hajar

jlj^U fabardr sapper,


*jj>\i

pioneer (mil.)

lithography ;

J>jJ.

^J,

typography

^Ul
look up alphabetically
^Li\
a/-/.

c*

in (the) press,

at press (typ.);

i*j** mustvaddat and

musawwadat
(typ.); jUI

"*ij^ fabariya* Tiberiaa (city in Palestine,

proof sheet, galley proof


af-f.

on

W shore of Sea of Galilee)


chalk
chalky,
cretaceous,

^JJl i'dai

reprinting reprint; U-L

fab'an or

^UIj by nature, by natural disill-disposed,

IjjlA fabSra (syr.) chalk

position; naturally! of course! certainly!

jwU tabHr 2

to be sure! ^JJI [^ aayyi*


ill-natured,
evil
af-f.

af-f.

tf^LL

by nature;

*-UI

jli

fablliri

(gLWI) &d$
4*J

chalk- (in Compounds)


fab'a
^-JtJ*

eccentric, extravagant
-t

pl.

fabtaba to gurgle, purl (water); topat,

printing,

print;

stroke, careas (Jp s.o.)

edition, issue, impression

ilLJ fabfba bat, mallet, racket (for


ball

^U

\obbC printer

games)

i*U fib'a art of printing


printing press

*LWI lT

^J taba'a a ({ab') to provide with an imprint,

impresB or impreasion (* or J*

^LU

fib'i typographic(al)

e>
uJ. faiS'a
natural
pl.

^ILU

fob'i'

nature;
pe-

on

s.o.

or s.th., impart one's

own

char-

disposition,

Constitution ;

acter to s.o. or s.th.

culiarity, individuality,

charaoter; regphysics; nat-

9j^* mafb'
eotyped ;
pl. -t

printed, imprinted; ster-

ulr,

normal
|

manner;
JU-1 **~> as

printed material, prints


|

ural acienoe

by the very
is

printed matter

4*jUj _*!

bearing the
or s.th.,

nature of the case,


natural,

(was)

only
as

stamp, mark or impress of

s.o.

ipso

facto,

naturally,

matter of course; **-UI


natural
physics;
scientist;

<IU physicist;

being characterized by; J* f\*J** do., being by its very nature..., having the
innate property of...; ^jjJ f\y)** (dauri)

*~UI
acience;

'*l

W*
**-

natural

Ijj l

a periodical; oUj-Ull
ijjt
II

>

press law

UJJI

(Xu) (falsafatu)

metaphysics;

J>
to cover,

-*JJI supernatural; Li^l


of things, State of affairs

^U the nature

cover up (* s.th.); to

make

ooinoident or congruent, cause to


su'perpose

coincide,
.J tabi'i nature's, of nature, nature(in Compounds), natural; inborn, innate,

(jy

two

figures;

geom.); to fold (* s.th., also, e.g., the

handa);

(eg.)

to shoe

(*

a horse); to

inherent, native; normal, ordinary, usual,


regulr;

physical;
|

physicist;

natural
physicist;

apply (Jp * s.th. to); to be common, universal, widespread; to spread (also


throughout s.th.), pass. fubbiqa

scientist; naturalist

j>J*

|li*

pervade (*

s.th.);

natural scientist; OL--1J1 physics; natural science

to be applied, apply, be
|

applicable, be effective, be valid

iiXL

Jt.

majba"

print

shop,

printing

Office, printing

house, press
pl.

*j4^ (Suhraiuh) he (it) enjoyed, or achieved, world-wide fame; *ix~* jX


JU^II

IaJ*.

matba'a
printing

^Uf

mofbt'* print

,>*!

(ituh,

kafiqain)

do.,

his

(its)

shop,
press
|

offlce,

printing

house,

fame
III

spread

throughout

the

world
co-

to bring to coincidence,

make

julU.1 *jj*-

hurnyal al-m. freedom

incident or congruent, cause to coincide

of the press

(juj
printing,
printer's
|

jw

B.th. with), correlate,

com^"4)

yj^

mafba't

(in

pare, contrast

(jyj

Oy

a - tn*

Compounds), typographic(al)
ata')

^yJ** IU-

to adapt, adjust, tally, trim into Bhape


(*
s.th.);

and

1-*J*-

5LU

{galfa)

typographi-

to suit,
tally (*,
(*,

fit,

match

(*,

b.o.,

oal error, misprint,

erratum

s.th.), go,

with), adapt o.s.,


s.o.,

j^a-L.

(eg.)

mafba'gi printer

adjust

o.s.

to

to s.th.); to

oorrespond (> to
3 l*^. mifba'a pl LL. mafbi' printing

s.th.),

concur,
{*,

agree,
s.o.,

conform, be in keeping

with

machine, printing press


~\] tbi'

with
fba'

s.th.), fit (a

into s.th.) IV to close,

printer;

impress,
g}jl*

shut (a

s.th., e.g.,

the eyes, mouth, etc.);


(*,

stamp,
fatobi' 3 )

mark,
seal,

oharacter;
signet;

(pl.

to cover, cover

up

J*

s.th.,

also *

stamp; imprint,
(postage,

print,
etc.)

impress,

impression;
|

with one's hand J* encircle, encompass


agreed,
agree,

B.th.);

to Surround,

and postage stamp; jjlT; ^U t^jjj; .lk eommemorative stamp; ^U (ta4kri)


stamp;
tablet, pl
JjJI U

come
|

be (J* s.o.); to to an agreement

(J* on, presBed


or

about)

jOj J*

J>l (yo) he

my

hand V to

get or be covered

U^l
the
leave,

fingerprint; ^lUI l_-*-U

keeperof
set,

closed VII

V; to be applicable,
suit (J* s.o., s.th.), of); to be true

seal;

talLi

^J* to

place,

or

one's

stamp, mark, or impress

apply (J* to), hold good (J*

fit,

for),

<J*

563
be

J>
JiJu
tion,
tafbiq

in

oonformity,

be

conaistent,

be

adaptation,
;

oompatible,

be

socommoda-

in

keeping,

oonfonn,

adjustment
tafinqi

application

agree (J with), correspond (J. to s.th.)

JrJu
scienoes
ill..

jJ

applied; practioal, serv|

fibqa

(prep.)
to,

aocording to, oor-

ing praotioal enda

LiJL;

responding

in
|

acoordanoe with, in

f>=

applied

oonformity with

J Uy. (/jan) do.;


ttfl)

J-VI Jj, ijj*, ifra, ezact replica

true oopy;

mvfbaqa agreement, oonformity,

oongruity, correspondenoe
jilL;

jJ foioj

pl.

jLLI afbag Ud, oover;

tatmq oongruence (geom .)

plate; dish, ahallow bowl; (round) tray, aalver; aah tray; (pl. jLLI, s lao

J; U. mvfibiq oorresponding, oongruous,

JU.

oonformable, in agreement or conformity


(with)
|

libq) layer, tier;


pl.

Stratum (of the


genit.)

air);

ilJL

j,^

true, truthful, vera-

JU>

(with

foll.

auperposed
pile,

oious, agreeing with the facta,

true to

maases, Iayered formationa,


quantitiesof...
|

largo

nature, lifelike

;J\l JU.I flying aauoera

jJ- mufbiq entire,


absolute, total;

J, J

i,

yad fabiqa closed hand

mufbaq preased; coatjj>l


{mvfbaqa) (phon.)

oomplete, utter,

tabaqa pl. -t layer; atratum (of earth, air, Society, eto.); floor, story (of a building); clase, category; generation

ed, inorueted (^-ilL, with gold); subterranean dungeon, oubliette, Underground

ohamber

UJJI

O <Uj>Jtll iUJI (fujrriya) stratoaphere;


_^JI

the sounds
"

f, $, f t z

olLU

(naj'i*j)

the impure castes,

JU.

fabq, (vbq (tg.) tobacco

the pariahsj L-jdl JJI (miilawutita) the middle olaas(es); oUJJI ^- AorJ

'JJ. fabala

Ifabl)

to beat a

o/-/.
I.

clasa struggle;

^jVI
JIill

olij.

^ 'Um
jj.u.

U =
i.e.,to

I;

to beat the

drum drum (J

to

drum

for s.o.,

aX-ari

geology;

U-Ul

campaign, make Propaganda fors.o.)


fabl

regarded as third-rate
JjU.

JJ
jjljl,

drumming, drumbeat;

(pl.

Mio?,

fcttig

pl.

(0^16^1
|

JJ. fubl, JLil afbal)


(of the

drum; baaa drum

large brioks; floor, atory (of

a building)

Western orchestra)
|

^jVI
bricks

JjUtll (ar^t)

ground

floor

iljli

JidJ pl.

^[A
foll.

fawoij"

laige

drum iVI iU. eardrum, tympanio membrane


iU. faila *U. labla
pl.

/.

aj-urfun

., JJ, fytal

(q,.)

O0i

jU.

libSq

(with

genit. or sufflx)

padlock
J-l fabli

that which is in agreement, in keeping, or in oonformity with..., correaponding,

drum-ahaped

analogous (to

JLL

tabbl pl. -n

drummer

s.th.), in

aocordance (with),
JJ. mufabbal moist,

oonformable

(to),

ooneistent (with), oom-

damp

(ground)

patible (with); antithesis, juxtaposition of contrasting ideaa (rhei.)

iU. failo

pl. -t

table
pl.
-<,

yj J-t
s.th. in

foifijw

fabfq (with

d JU.

fatal

foll.

genit. or sufflx)

low,

round table; turntable;


aalver

agreement, in keeping, or in oonwith...,


s.th.),

tray,

wooden

formity

oorresponding,

analo-

gous (to

in accordano (with), con-

jA

faiina o to be bright, intelligent

aiatent (with), oompatible (with)

j.y labin bright, intelligent

u>
ijiU. fSbna (u_,i (abna)
pl.

554
(hna
.l^JI

-(

a smaU,

0,-U. (hn

and

ij-U.

pl.

jar-shaped oven, Bank

in

the ground,
;

open on top, used


ery; (pal-,

for

baking bread bak-

,>_-!> (awhin' mill, grinder | (. al-kaw' windmill

ij-U.

eg.) (baker's)

oven
grinder

mifhana

pl.

J.-U" ma(hin'

mill,

Lt (abbin pl. -l (wheel) tire

ji. ma(hana
n^J fabanja pl. -l pistol
J_,U

pl.

j-Uu mofAin' mill;

flour mill

lbiya

pl.

kJjl ''t U P alphabetically

j-U JAin

molar tooth, grinder

^.U.

fjjn pl.

J-l> tavjin' frying pan;

9 >-U (hina pl. J-'^ touwAin molar

(ey.)

Bhallow earthen pot


foAfaAa
to

tooth, grinder

-LJ

break,

shatter,

smash

O
J

jj>JJI

^Ul

af-faiojo a(-(ukrinya the

Btratosphere
(orra

( s.th.)

(farr,

jjj

<urfir)

to aharpen, hone,

JJ.

(JuM, (oW?) sediment, dregs, leea

whet
spieen,

( s.th.); to

grow; to sprout, come

JUJ.
milt

(i*i

pl.

-,

J~l (*iJ

out (muatache, hair)


\J*

(wrrnn

altogether,

all

without

JUJ

fAfi Bplenic

exception, one
;_>
(urra

and
pl.

all

JUJ (uhl inflammation of the spieen,


splenitis

j>

(urwr

forelock;

knotted cloth or kerchief

JjJ* mafhl having a diseaBed spieen,


splenetio

jl>

(arrr

pl.

!jl> (arrira [magr.)


;

tambourine player rogue, sooundrel


(coli.
;

^_UJ. fuMui

n.

un.

;) pl.

JUJ. (ahlib'

I>

(ara'a a

dar',

.j>

furfi')

to

descend,

water moas

break
befall {(ahn)

come (Ja upon), overtake, happen unexpectedly (Jp s.o.),


in,

^i, fahana

a.

to grind, mill, bray,

pulverize ( s.th., 6Bp. grain); to crush,


ruin, deBtroy (,

(J. to

s.o.);
|

an idea)

Jp

to occur (Jp or J to s.o., of 1> U what's got into

s.o.,
s.o.),

s.th.);

to wear

him

all

of a sudden? what's the matter


all

out,

wear down
of

(.

exact a heavy

with him
(filcratun)

toll (.

s.o.; age,

yeare) VI to quarrel,

of a sudden? %i Jp o1> an idea occurred to him, he

wrangle, be antagonistic, be in conflict


(with one another), to conflict

had an idea;

/i

J-u'

*JU-

J* lAi

1
I

{taiaddulun yudkaru) (no change worth

jmU

(ihn flour, meal

mentioning came over the Situation,


the
Situation

i.e.)

remained

substantially

,y,J

(ahm

flour,

meal

unchanged IV to
B.O.)

praise, laud, extol (.

^*b fahini

mealy, farinaceous
(ff.)

JLi foAtniyo

a sweet made of

.^jj (ort' fresh,

new
eitraneous,
ei-

Besame-seed meal and sugar

jjt
trinsic,

fri'

foreign,

V^

(ahina

[eg., ayr.)

a thick sauce

unusual; accidental, incidental,


unforeseen,

made of sesame

oil,

and served with

casual,

uneipected,

oon-

Balads, vegetables, etc.

tingent;

a new factor or development


suddenly,

UJ fohhdn milier

intervening

contingent;

566
unexpeoted

c>
look

visitor;

sudden
of joy)

Btirring,

^-ijlji*

up

alphabetioally

sudden impulse
JjU.

(,> e.g. f

lrfa

pl.

^jljL

/au*-
aase,

Jy.J- tarbl
una
fez

pl.

Jm\J, larbW

tarboosh,

foreseen

event,

unexpected

oontingent;

new

faotor or development;
|

,>^l> larabi tarboosh merohant


a^.JLt myfatia! wearing a tarboosh,

inoident, aooident

^jljUI IL. State of

emergenoy
jT,i /ur*dn{ of

tarbooshed

unknown

origin, wild

tri-J^ mutalarbU wearing a tarboosh,


tarbooshed; hence, in

^\J.
(in

tartOmlu*:
f
)l

UJI

^\J.
t,

Tripoli (in

Eg a member of
of the eduoated

Lebanon); Vji
Libya)

^J.

al-jatb Tripoli

the white-oollar

olass,

middle
jl> lardha

olass

V>

/aro a tfaroo) to be moved (witb joy or grief); to be delighted, be overjoyed,


II to delight,

(Jarl)

to throw, oast,

fling,

tpss

(J

v or < s.th.
(*_.

be transported with joy


All

toss,

onto or upon); to throw, or Sing away, throw off, disoard,


or e.th.); to remove, drive
rejeot,

with

delight,

enrapture,

phase,

dump
(v r

gratify

(. s.o.);

to sing, vooalize, ohant


fill

away, expel,
"

disown, repudiate
to throw or put

to

delight,

with

delight,

en-

.o.,

s.th.);

rapture, please, gratify

(. s.o.);

to

make

muaio; to sing, vooalize, ohant; to play

muaio

(.

for s.o.), sing (. to s.o.)

V>

tarai pl.

v'jW

(J* a a garment on or over s.o.); to present, submit (J < s.th. to s.o.); to teaoh (J* a tune to s.o.); to oede, surrender, yield (J < s.th. to s.o.); to

ajrSb joy, pleasure,

delight, rapture;

amuaement, entertainment (with muaio and the like); muaio


|

miscarry, have a misearriage ; to deduot,


subtraot, diseount
.Uli
(,>.

<

s.th.

from)

V^*" *" musioal instrument

i^UI j
(e.g.,

to-jU

(mundgaao, 'mma)

to invite tenders, or bids, publiciy for

V>
joy or

tarib pl. ^,\J. firilb


grief),

moved

(with

s.th.

the

government

for

some

touohed, affedted; delighted,

projeot);

enraptured, transported, pleased, charmed

a question to
[mat'alaian,

Vl> Je c
s.o.
b.
;

> (tu'lm) to put

VJ.A

tarvb gay, merry, lively


raiae

J, to broaoh or a question, present a problem for


-baht)

*J\ iLj J ilt_

V.A' ofrao' more delightful;

mang

oonaideration

to cause a misoarriage

better musio, being a better musioian;

(U to a woman);

more melodious

U>l , ^J.

(ifjirhan)

vl>l <trM
Version

delight,

deleotation,

di-

to throw s.th. far away, fling s.th. off or away in to exohange ( with s.o.
s.th.)

f&\ o-jli. (kalim) to oonverse with s.o., haveatalkwiths.o.; ijoil o-jlt


|

^JL.

mufrib

delightful,

ravishing,

oharming,

amusing,

entertaraing;

me-

lodious; musioian; singer, voealist, Chan-

to ohat with s.o., have a oonversation witha.o.j ili-VI 4yU. (">)to exohange questions with s.o. to drop, lall, or

sonnier

tumble to the gronnd 1 to exohange


with

*ij~ mufriba singer, songstress, vooalist,

ohanteuse
(eg.)

one another (< e.g., thought) VII to be flung, be tossed, be thrown, be be disowned, be

rejected, be expelled,

teJ" tarabHa

table

repudiated; to throw

o.s.

down, prostrate

c>
o.a.
{e.g.,

566

^j*!/l

to J on the ground);

djU farada

(\ard)

to drive away, ohase


reject,

be thrown down, be dropped VIII to throw far away, fling off or away (a
s.th.)
;

away, push away, shove away,


e.th.

repel, banish, ezile, dismisa, drive

out,

to disoard,
fark

throw away

(a s.th.)

ezpel,

eviot

(j* a,

s.o.,

from);
|

to chaae, hunt,

r jt

expulflion,

rejeotion,

re-

hound (a, a.o., s.th.) y. . ti^ (manf&ihl) to relieve s.o.


offloe,

pubion, banishment, repudiation; miscarriage, abortion; subtraction, deduotion, disoount

of bis

dismiss b.o. II
a.o.),

I; III

to

j*J\
|

>

assault, attack (a,

launch an at-

t-

al-bahr

{eg.)

taok

(a,

on); to stalk (a an animal,


(a, s.o., s.th.),
),

olluviation, alluvial deposits

game); to pursue, follow

r^
4+.J

J r

misoarried foetus
pl.

run after
(a, to)

s.o.

or s.th.

(a,

give chaae as booty (a

VIII to drive to

away

farha

>

times

embroidered)

fwa ve (aomeworn by Arab


head

animals);
tinuoua,

be consecutive,

be

oonse-

form
flow

an

uninterrupted

women
ve

as a headcloth; headoloth,

quenoe,
oosly;

auoceed one another


to

continu-

uninterruptedly,

carry

>

(ort*

pl.

j-J*

\airh&

thrown

water perennially
get

(river); to progresa or

down, oast down, dumped; thrown to


the ground, felled, proatrate; expelled, banished, rejected, disowned, repudiated
|

on at a rapid pace, make good headway (undertaking) X to proceed (in one's Speech), go on to say, continue
(a
a.th.,
e.g.,

*|_^iJ|

4.^ bedhdden,
tariha
{ktl)

oonfined to bed

one's

Speech);
(J

to

'**]

asaignment, task

ohange, paas on (in speeoh)


|

J*i

^jUU

Job work, pieoework


pl.

from
(eg.)

to);

to digress (in speaking),


|

make an ezcursus
matl

Jy

Jl iJli

a-l> tarrha
treas; haasook,

jl> farH^

(qaviihi)

thereupon

he

j* *J*z*\ proceeded

ottoman

'**-jJ\

ttfrflAa dissertation, thesis (Syr.)

to speak about..., then he broached the aubject of..., after that he went on to

say that...

c>*
where
is

mafrah
a.th. is

pl.

jU* mafdrih* place


a.th.

thrown or at whioh

jjt ford driving away, chasing away,


repulaion, expubion, eviction, dismissal,

discarded, a

tion locality ;

dump; place, spot, locaseat (in an auditorium)

banishment, ezpatriation; pursuit, chaae,


hunt; swarm (of beea);
parcel/ package
|

(pl.

jj>

furd)

rejection, repudiation -\J\ iftirh

l-*

\*J* *JU-

^
its

^jjk.

mafrh

thrown

down,

caat

(mas'alaian fardan wa-'akmn) to study

down, dumped, thrown


lying

off,

discarded;

a problem
aspects

from

all

aides,

in

all

on the ground, proatrate; Sub(matt.)


|

trahend
(matt.)

j>ll minuend

&J

fardt parcel-, package- (in

Com-

pounds), like a parcel or package


cast AjU tarda
(n.

jk* munfartt thrown down,


down, dumped, thrown
expelled,
off,

vio.)

a driving away,

discarded;

ohaaing away, repulaion, expulflion, eviction,

banished, rejected, disowned,

banishment
farid expelled,

repudiated

J
bjm-J farjen tarragon (rtemiaia dracunoulua; bot.) outcast,

evicted,

ousted,

outlawed,

banished,
fleeing,

exed,

expatriate(d);

fugitive.

on the

667

;>
pl.

run; expellee; outcart, out law; U_^U1I


af-taridn night

^> fin

and day
pl.

(of paper);
far'id*

^\J,\ atre, paper

^jj,

furo* sheet

J4>>
animal,
jl^U
dike,

farida

jS\J,

game

game
farrd

beaat;

game
(warship);
(eg.)

*tAA P*n&* o (jarai) to be or become deaf; faraXa u to vomit, throw up, disgorge

II

cruiser

to deafen

( s.o.)

embankment, dam,

levee (esp. of

the Nile)

^J farS whitewashing JJ, farS pl. ^jj, furi


cattle), flook (of sheep)
(ayr.)

oljL farrda cruiser (warship)


*\J* fird pursuit, ohase

herd (of

ojlL. mufrada repulsion, expulsion,


baniehraent; pursuit, ohase; hunt
I

^J faroi deafhess
~<J furta

deafness
f.

*J\^

jlUI
ceptor
jl^UI

fighter plane, pursuit plane, inter*

JJA

atraS,
|

.U>

farUf,

pl.

JJ,

puri deaf
iffird

iLl JJ,\

(omifcfc)

stone-deai

uninterrupted or regulr

,sJ** mufarrii vomitive; emetio

sequence, oontinuity
jljlt-l
istifrd
pl.

-t

digression,

^SJ furH mixed

picklea

divagation; exoursus
jjlL. mufrid pureuer;

AA farjara
hunter
|

to brag, boast, swagger,

show

Sylt

off

OjU* fighter plane, pursuit plane, interceptor


*J*a muffarid incessant, uninterrupted,

j
J
syr.)

furfr

pl.

jt,\J, fartyr*

high,

conical oap (of dervishea, clowns, etc.)

continuous, continual, unvarying, steady,

tarafr

and

j>l>

farfr (eg.,

constant; general
rule;
j-iil

Sj^U.

Ij*\j

general

j^L.

m.

an-nasq

uniform

a sort of mayonnaise (made of fa* hina, parsley, lemon, o, milk, garlio and
nuts)

(adj.); jiJi i^L.

m. an-nagm monotonous

(song)

J^J tarpa
(.

to splash, bespatter, splatter

jj*

II

to embroider {* s.th.); to embellish


s.th., e.g.,

s.o.);

to roughoast (* a building, a

{*

a story); to garnish (^ *

wall)

a dish with)

vj^J* farffa end,


artichoke
bot); truffle
j$*J* farfir tartar,

tip,

point;

Jerusalem
L.;

jj* farz pl. jjj furz type, model, make, brand, sort, kind; fashion, style
i* jj* farzi

(Helianthus

tuberosus

fashion- {in Compounds)


pl.

wine stone
to blink, twinkle, wink,
bi-'ainaihi) ;

jlji

fifz

j_> furuz,
speeies;

ljj,\

afrixa

type, model, olass, make, brand, sort,

J_> farafa

i (farf)

kind,

variety,

squint (also
fashion,
|

aXm

style;
(<i\J farfa)

faru/a u
teil

architectural style; embroidery


fli}\ old-fashioned,

jt^UI j.

to be newly aoquired, be a

outmoded; jl^UI fJi


latest

reoent acquiaition IV to feature or


s.th.

do.;

jl^ i-uL
with
jljLII

^L-* muaaah bi-aha}}.

new

or novel, say s.th.

new
angle

or or

equipped
JjVl

the

arms;

original,

introduoe
(

a novel
s.o.
(*

idea;

(awwal)

to present

first-claas,

first-rate

with
l_j

s.th. s.th.

JJ^

tyriz embroidering, embroidery

new or new or

novel), give

to s.o.

novel)

to be on the extreme

;;

>>
aide,

__
hold

658

an extreme

viewpoint

or

hj
rarity,

fwfa

pl.

u>J>
curio,

furo/

novelty,
objeet,

positlon, go to extremes,

be radical, have

ouriosity,

rare

radioal views

choiee item; exquisite present; maater*


pieoe,

chef-d'oeuvre ;

hit,

high

light,

.jjU/or/ eye; glance, look


(a&ra)
J.

<JjL jUl
-~jJ*

pieoe de reaistance

he didn't bat an eye;

>
'

U^U farf*'
{bot.)

(coli.; n.

un.

1)

tamariak

(kafty) secretly, furtively, diBcreetly;


jIjjjd*'

jUI

ka-rtiddi f-h "* the twin

kling of

an eye, inatantly
<J^I afr/ utmoat part,
extremity,
end,
tip,

<Ju^ ptrif

curious, atrange,

odd novel,
:

exquisite, aingular, rare,


i_jjU fora/ pl.

uncommon
ptr'if*

Ui>
exquiBite

farf/o

pl.

ui?l>

rare,

outermoat

point,

thing;

uncommon
qualitiea

objeet

or

point, edge, fringe, limit, border; aide;

piece (e.g., of art); pl. cJui^U curioaitiea,


oddities,
iiljL

region, area, aection; j- J>J a part of,

uncommon
farfa

a bit

of,

eome party
;

(as, to

a dispute, of
novelty,

a oontract, etc.); faraja (prep.) with, at,

uncommonneaa,

on the part or side


extremitiea; (with

of; pl.

J'jW limbs,

pecuUarity,

bddneas, strangeneas, curi-

foll.

genit.) aections of,

oaity, originality

parte of

jlJI
|

jjt

^tro/oy n-nahr in

shawl >J* mifraf, mufraf

the morning and in the evening, morninga

Ji^j

tatarruf

excesa,

exceesiveneaa,

and eveninga;

(-r

<i- j^l

J \y

{jarajai

immoderation, extravagance, extremism,

naqi4%n) they were at variance, they oarried

extreme Standpoint or poeition, radical


attitude, radioaliam

on a feud;

Lr

*-iJ

jj* J* Wj

jK'"(wa-

iyyku) they held diametrically oppoaed views orpoaitions; xJI J'^l a.al-badan
the extremitiea of the body, the Umba;

jU

trif

newly acquired
utmoat,

^Lu

mtafarrif

outmost,

gL^I

Jl>l fingertips;

4^*1*

^IA' J* a
<

'

farthest outward, looated at the outer-

gadamaiA) on tiptoe;

ij-iil

t-iljW

<*

*-

moat point extreme, extremistic radioal


; ;

matno the outakirta of the


with, at,

city; JljUl/l

an extremist, a radical

~*ij*i*

i^? (jiha)

oilcll (muta'qida) the contracting parties;


.JijU
<J>j1j

outlying district, outak-t(s)

on the part or aideof;


;

on the part of J>J Jl *J^ i> from one end to the other; JJ >-j'j-I
j^*JI the right-wing partiea; J>\J*\

3J faraqa u
at,

(farq)

to knook, rap, bang (*

on, esp. at a door) ; to

hammer,

atrike

with

v^r

doJ-l

7'dia6a afrfa l-h. to talk, oonverae,


;

have a converaation VjW i> <*U*H *: (&ard'ato) to be a highly efficient man,


be highly
qualified; ^ill

hammer, forge (* s.th., eap. metal); to come over b.o. (*), befall s.o.; of a feeling); to come (, * to, (v
a

upon; also of events); to reach


get to s.th.
(*),

(* s.th.),

get as fax as s.th. (*); to


|

t_iljU *; to

come by night
(bi-blihi)
a.o. 's

give a aurvey or outline of a.th. t aummarize,

*J 3J* {uunak) to

sum up
to
life

s.th.;

(UljU) MJ* *J*

aJ

atrike s.o.'a ear, reach s.o.'a ear; *)U 3J*

*U-

>

to

oeeur
*i*i

to

s.o.,

oome to
do.

teil b.o.

an epiaode (episodes)
**

mind;

3J

{4%hniki)
*a*1*
b.o.'b

of one's

JjU (aam'ah)
e.o.'s

and

jU

\ar\a\

,>*

jL W-f- 'ann and

reach

ear,

come to

3J* to knowl-

i>* *.A

i*1

tne twinkling of an eye,

edge or attention; tjl 3J* to tread,


travel, follow, take, or uae

inatantly; Ji*

>

(farfata)

not one

moment

Vyj* to

treat of

a road; <j>J* a subjeet, discuas a

SS9

>J>
topio;

to broach
II

a subject, touch
strike
(

on
esp.

Jl>. mifrq
varied
skills

versatile,

many-sided, of

a theme hammer,

to

hammer,
extend
one's

with a

or talents

forge,

s.th.,

metal) IV to
4-!j

bow

head

in silence
|

SljUI ifrqa (n. vic.) a

bowing of the

J^J

head

(ra'aah)

or

<^j

to

bow
Jl^^l
istifrq transit permission, free

to gain accees (J( to); to penetrate (Jl B.th. or into B.th.); to get (Jl to), reach (Jl
(Jl
B.th.),

one's head

V to seek

passage or entry
JjU. friq pl. j\J, turrq knocking, rapping, banging, striking, beating; nocturnal visitor
Sjlt
friqa
pl.

arrive

at);

(in

a Speech, and the lue) to


subject), go into s.th.
(Jl)
|

touch

(Jl

on a

(Jl), treat

of s.th.

ili

.Jl

JJ^ V
j\J. \awrvf
misfortune, disaster, calamity

(iakhun) not open to doubt, admitting

no doubt
<i> farqa
rap(ping),
(n. vic.) pl. laraqt
(e.g.,

knock,

jjjL. ma(rq much-frequented, muchtraveled, well-trodden (road, trail, path)


|

bang(ing)

at

a door);

blow; one time


twice
'jm turqa

(=

Ij,),

j,j. (arqatain

J->-A*

j-r

much-discussed,

fre-

quently treated subject

way, road passage, passage;

J>.

mufriq

and

J[j\

JJ

with

way, alleyway, corridor

bowed head

Ji>
traok,

tariq

m. and

CjliJ, furuql

f., pl. ij. luruq, wayj road, high way; trail,

>>

tarqa'a
or

(eg.)

to crack
e.g.,

(intr., also trans.:

V
IijUp

s.th.,
(* s.th.)

a whip); to crack,

path;

method
|

jiA j,J,
t.

f.

al.

crunch

jaww
route;
l>U

air route;
iyjJ,

_^JI

^J.

al-bahr aea

jij.

(ra'faf)

main road;

(n'mo

pl.

-<W

jj^L, stall

kiosk,

booth,

cabin,

(mm)

public road, highway, thor-

oughfare;

<-._,>

jj^L (ummiya) do.; je


of,

V^ furumba
(j> and

pl. -d*

pump

jljm by

way

via;

by means
il.jaunv)

of,

through; jl\ ^ji.

{f.

by

air;
_,!*
*Jli

jjl,

Cr ty means of, through; Jj^UI Wanderer, wayfarer; Jj_A^I

ij

(j'> tarwa)

/aruwo u, 4J. fariya a to be or become fresh,


II

succulent, moist, tender, soft, mild

to

3jU\ J-U qufli' af-(. highwayman, waylayer, brigand; J;>JI ^i to commit


pl.

make
soft,

fresh,

sucoulent,
s.th.);

moist,

tender,

mild

to

moisten,
( s.th.) (. s.o.),

wet
IV to

highway robbery; i_>


sense, be

05" to have

( s.th.); to

perfume, scent

sensible

or normal
j!\J.
far'iq',

praise (highly), extol, laud praise


(

lavish

on

s.o.)

furuq

3J, manner, mode, means; way, method, procedure; System; creed, faith,
(pl.
-t,

j_>

lariqa

pl.

iSj"

forty

fresh,

succulent,

new;

moist; tender, soft, mild


j'J

religion;

j>

furuq)

religious
|

tarwa

freshness,

brotherhood,
Jl(a--Vl

dervish

Order

of

succulence,

i
a

moistness;
ness
|

tenderness,
:j\J.
f.

softness,

mild-

directions for use

jU:l

al-kulq gentleness;

J_J

furuqi

pl.

-n

adherent

softness of character
j J-\

religious

brotherhood
pl.

ifriya vermicelli
ifr'

JjL. mifraq and "j*, milraqa


mafriq*

JjlL,

1^1

(high)

commendation,

praise,

hammer

laudation, extolment

!ilj> JinwUa' (from

Fr. Troade)

Troy

afbaha fu'mata n-nirdn to be destroyed

by
jlt lzaj look

fire;

up alphabetically
pl.

l-harb)

v.A' '" cannon fodder


\a'm
pl.

*^

K-'wM/S'

jj>

(Tuik. foiiut) ful}

jJI> (Maus"

>UL

**>U

a/'inta

food,

gaiter(s), legging(e)

nourishment, nutriment, fare, diet;meal,


repast
|

UUI je
strike

v^'

(o(('"<)

to go on

.jLU

f&a look up
(It.

alphabetically
pl.

a hunger
dozen
-*U*

o>
c_t

doaina)
(ist

jl>

Jazdzin'

moj'am

pl.

>lk- mat'im 1 eating

house,
/<J*t,

restaurant; dining room; mess,


|

pl.

Oj-i

fm

basin; wash-

messhall (on a ship); food


ai-ia'b
^oJij

w^AJt

^ia m.

basin,
>\. fnit

washbowl
litt pl.

and ^i> *W. soup kitchen


tafim inoculation, vaccination;

.-

oyifu basin; washbasin,


(oapital of

washbowl
Vi-L faSqand' Tashkent
S.S.R.)
jl -L failoga (ey.) to

inlay

work

JJ^ill

^
to

I.

aJ-garntyo

transplantation of the Cornea {med.)

Uibek
ULI if'dm feeding jV. maf'm tasted; already aL
fa'ana
transfLx

known
pierce,

sloppily, bungle, boten,

do inaccurately, perform scamp ( a Job,

a
(^

(fa'n)

thrust,

work)
~.'*\

*, s.o., s.th.

with); to stab

-L fagUtqa

inaecurate,

sloppy, or

( s.o.);

to defame, discredit, hurt (with


or

slipsbod

work

words;
evil

J (J* or

j
j

s.o.,

s.th.),

speak

of); to contest, challenge,

.k (a'ima a (fo'm) to eat ( s.tb.); to taste s.tb.) ( s-th.); to relish, enjoy, savor (
II to graft, engraft ( s.th.)j to inoculate,

impeach
(C-

(Js-

a judgment),

appeal

against a judgment); to refute,

vaccinate (ij

s.o.

with); to inlay ivory)

(>->

disprove (j s.th.); to penetrate, enter j s.th. or into s.th.) | jjl j jJ. (rinn)
(

s.th. with, e.g.,

wood with

IV to

feed, give to eat (


(<

. s.o. s.th.),

nouiish

to be advanced in years, be old; jJ (qaid) to refute a (theological) dooJj5

s.o.
(.)

with), Berve food or drink ()


|

trine

VI to thrust eaoh other; to attack

to s.o.
s.o. 's

jr

& -M *') to appease


s.th.)

each other, battle one another

hunger

to taste (*

V;

>L
ing,

fa'n pieroing, transfixion; slander-

to aak for food


~k fa'm
pl.

oalumniation,

defamation;

appeal

f_y^

fu'fim taste, flavor,


lelish

bs vor ; pleasing
_*1.

na vor,
(tg.)

(j against; jw.), ohallenge, contestation, impeaohment (j of; jw.); pl. oyl fu'n
calumnies, defamations; attaoks

la'miya

patty

made

of

beans,

and seasoned with onion,

garlio

CaL fa'tn
thrust;

(n.

vio.)

pl.

ta'anl stab,

and parsley
-aI.

attack;

oalumny,

defamation,

vilifioation

fu'm graft, oion;

bait, Iure,

deooy;
jj.ll.

(pl.

fyi fu'Sm) vaooine


fa'im tasty, savary, delicious

tSQn
|

pl.

0^l>

/o^'^'>

plag",

pestilenoe
-aI.

JaJ
f.

jj.lkll

(dutnmali) bu-

bonio plague;
i_iU.l

tt^iJl

ijeUJ' (fcigarl)

and

*k fu'ma pl.

*k fu'am food; bait;


jlj^ll
|

0^0.

oJ-nuUiya linderpest, cattle

quarry,

catch,

bag

*J

p-'

plague, steppe murrain

561

u,
J4I.

JtlL. mafi'in' (pl.) invectives, abuses

lgin pl. ;UL fugdh tyrant, oppres.

(J against
JtU.

b.o.)

sor, deapot

fi'in

and

,>JI

j yXy
|

()

;iU>

fjiya tyrant, oppreasor, despot;

aged, old, advanoed in yeara

l^U. *lt,j

bully, brte, gorilla

lampoon
jjk.
stricken

moCOn

plague-infeoted, plague-

Ojili. fgvt an idol, a false god; seduoer,

tempter (to error)


_il

'jUL an Iraqi weight equaling 2000 kg, in Baara 1637 kg


'IjiL

II to znake deficient or

Boanty

(a s.th.);
s.o.),

to be niggardly, stingy
Stint

(J toward

(J*

s.o.)

tu#r&* pl.

-<B

tughra, oaligraphioally
of the
hie

intricate

.-iJL (afil deficient ; small,


trivial, trifling, insignificant,

signature

little, slight,

Ottoman
fatber's

Sultan,

interwoven
his

inconsider-

with

name and
and
coins

able
taffif

own

honorifio, oustomarily
stinting, serimping,

used on written decrees, State documents

nig.

gardlineas, stinginess,

paraimony
go out, die down,
light); to

iSj^ tvjra
^lil

lyl fugr''

'Jit tafi'a

(.jib,

fu/') to
(fire, (fire,

tagm

oommon

be eitinguished
people,

populace; low-

be out,

have gone out


turn

ly, insignificant

lamp) IV to put
fire),

out, extinguish, smother, stifle ( a


*-l tuqma,

fagma

pl. -l

band, troop,

off,

switch off ( light); to quench


|

group
(jit and

(> fire, thirst), alake ( thirst, also lime)

jU) U. faj u and jl,


fagan,

fag a (fagy)

and (agiya a (ji>


exoeed
bounds,

oUU
to to

(vgyn) to

wata yaumihi wa-ahraqa fahmata laihi


fi

l-'amal)

proper

to

bounda,

work

day

overstep

and

the

night

VII

be

exoeBsive;

'Ji. fafi'a

be

rough,

tumultuous,
leave
its

rage

(aea);

overfiow,

D
vice

ilii.

(affya fire-extinguishing de-

banks

(river); to fiood, overfiow,

inundate, deluge (J B.th.)j to overcome,


seize,

;UL.

mitfa'a

pl.

'jlk.
fire

maifi''

fire-

grip,

befall

(J

s.o.);

to be tys.o.),
s.o.),

fighting equipment,

extinguisher, fire
fire

rannical
tyrannize,
ride

or

cruel

(J*

against

engine

"jlUI JU-j the

department,

oppress,

terrorize

(J*

roughshod (J* over s.o.); jj. \ag a to predominate, prevail, preponderate (J* in, at), dominate, outoutbalanoe (J s.th.), be preponderant (J* over, in eomparison with
s.th.)

the firemen
ULI
ifjS

putting

out,

quenohing,
|

extinguishing, extinction, fire fighting


jj_^-l
>Ui,l

weigh,

j^

jahz

i.

al-hariq fire-

equipment .UUVI JU-j the fire department, the firemen; .LitVI oLL^
'amaliyt
ai-i. fire-fighting

fighting

Operations

iljiL

fugwn

flood,

inundation, del-

uge
LJ. tugyn
tyranny,
flood, inundation, deluge;

jUil

iff'i

fireman

iJUirl itf'iya fire

department
out,

oppreasion,

suppression,

re-

UL. mvffa'
out
;

eitinguished, gone

preasion, terTOrization

mat,

dull, flat, lusterless

c*
jjl. fa/oJra

662

(Jo/J,

jll fu/A) to flow over,

people's expense
invited
or

II; to arrive

un-

run
the

over, overflow

(^

with, also, e.g.,


etc.);

at

an inconvenient time,

heart

with

generosity,

to

disturb, intrude; to be obtrusive

cause to overflow
fill

(^

e.g.,

the milk) II to

Jik fa tender,
argil

soft;

potter's

clay,

to overflowing, All to the brim (> a

vessel); to overfill (> .th.) IV

II

Jik _jk fa superabundance, repletion;


skin eruption, rash, exanthema {med.)
child

lifl

pl.

JUU

afll

infant,

baby,

Lik lifia little girl

4mJ1

\aa skin eruption,


(med.)

rash. exanJjp tiflt children's, of or pertaining to obildhood

thema

ohd

(adj.),

baby

(adj.),

*Jb
(med.)

tal

eruptive,

exanthematic

or infancy; infantile, childlike, childish


|

JJJI

JJI
fajal

(fibb) pediatrics

repletion rJjL fu/vA superabundance,


;.Ulr fujha

Jik

infancy,

babyhood,

early

skimmingB, foam, froth


f.

childhood ; childhood, childhood stage

LUk
over,

/u/An",

j~U.

fo/* flowing
replete,

Uk

fafla potter's clay, argil

running

over,

brimful,

overfull, fllled to overflowing


<*uilu

JUk
loam

(u/i

potter's clay; argil;

clay,

mitfaha

skimmer,

skimming
4JUk tajla infancy, babyhood, early
childhood; childhood, childhood stage;
initial

ladle

-ilk lfih flowing over, running over,

stage,

beginnings,

dawn, early

brimful, replete, overfull, fllled to over-

period
il

flowing
ik pajvla infancy,

babyhood, early

<j&

(ajara

(fafr)

to jump, leap, bounce

childhood; childhood, childhood stage;


children

L,-*t>r tlyik approx.: her

bosom heaved

violently (with joyous Agitation)

iJ^ik
early

fujtiliya

infancy,

babyhood,
childhood

IJb
rise,

fajra

jump, leap, bounce, bound;


suoceasful Step;
fajraian

childhood;

childhood,

impulsive motion, impetuosity; upswing,


upturn,

stage
J_^ik Ju/fiJJ child
(adj.),

baby

(adj.),

in

one leap
l_^ik fafrn

children's, of or pertaining to childhood

pauper, have-not

or infancy; infantile, childlike, childish

'Djil

(afar

(= ji)

ornpper (of the saddle)


flee,

Jik fufai uninvited guest, intruder, obtruder, sponger, hanger-on, parasite,

jiiL. ta/aba i (lall)

to run away,

eacape

aycophant;
Hol.)
|

ij

pL oU-ik aui y. 'am

parasites (med..
af-f.

parasitology

jiU

lafiqa

(]a}aq)

with

foll.

imperf.: to
to

Jilc mvtafaffi

parasitic(al); parasite,

begin, set out to

do

a.th.;

do

s-th.

apongar, uninvited gueet


(jH)

suddenly

Uk

taj

u Uk

(jil lafw, fu/iu) to float,


|

AiU

II

to

intrude,

obtrude,

impose oj.
(J*

drift;

to emerge, rise to the surface


4,

(J*

upon);

to
s.o.'s

sponge
table),

on

i.o.,

jkJI Jl
surface

(eafh) to

bring a.th. to the

AiSL J at

live at

other

<_JL1

yUI

tu/iM

anything

drifting

or

floating, driftage, floatage, flotsam;

halo

eto.) to

(around the sun or moon)


.jU lAfin superficial <J^* tfiya floating iceberg

urrounding area); (of a room, window, open (J. upon, to, toward), give
on), face

(>

peek out,

(J. toward); to look out, peep out (j. of s.th.); to

appoar, show
Jl

pl.

J^L

till

dew;

fine rain,

*Ajl* faffSya see >1U

drizzle

jl /aqqa u

(laqq) to crack, pop; to olack, smack, Aap; to burst, explode

JU.

talal pl.

J^LI atm, JjlL


pl.:

lulil,

used

chiefly

in

the

remain, ruins (of


or
traces,

jJ" n
rite,

houses);

to introduce into one of 'the Orders

remain,

of

an

of the ministry (Chr.)


follow a ritual
taq weather;

abandonod encampment
JfV. matll: Jjilu ,j (dam) unavenged

to perform a

0-&
^.jil

climate;

blood
(pl.

i%ufit) rite, ritual; religious

custom;

Jl r^ba u
search
(*,

(lalai,
.

^JL. maflab) to look,

Order of the ministry, clerical rank (Chr.)


,-il

for s.o., for s.th.); to set

laqrt liturgical;

out
liturgigt

(, for

(Chr.);
to),

a place), get on one's way (*


(,
.

otiUI
(Chr.)

altaqttySI the liturgical booka

go to see

s.o., g.th.);

to request

( e.th.),

apply

(* for); to seek, try to

jlt faglaga to crack, snap,


itate, rustle

obtain, claim (^. < s.th. from), ask, beg


rattle, clatter,

( ,> s.o. for); to

demand, exact, require


want, wih (j. .
to
Ol

ohug, pop, craeh; to crackle, (de)crep-

( Jl of s.o. s.th.); to s.th.


call

from; Jl
(Jl

s.o.
s.o.),

do

s.tb.);

to

>il. fa0Oqa Crash, bang; clap, thud, crack, pop; (pl. ji,U, iaqHq>) ditty,
gay, populr song

upon

appeal (Jl to
beseech
(j.

s.o.),

invite,
s.o.);

request,

entreat,

(Jl
s.th.

to

order,

demand

from),

call ( for s.th.,


,j.

|J

j. from),

II

to harness, bridle ( a borse)


pl.

call in
s.o.

s.th.,

from); to be after

yH laqm

or

fjil luqm, lyit luqma,


of complementary

s.th. (, .); to

study
.

III to

demand

back,
call

(U afqum a number
et (of tools,

reclaim

or

from

s.o.

s.th.),

objects or things; series; suit (of clothes)

for the return or restitution of s.th.

(^

and the

like)

harness (of
eto.)
|

or
s.o.

),

a horse); Service (e.g., of china, b_yl denture, set of teeth f


f\l lqim
dL_.yl
Ji lalla
^ill.

demand, claim (u or i s.th.); to demand, claim (


require, neoessitate,

from
s.th.)

V to

v
I

make

necesaary

laqm; crew (of a ship)


|

or requisite (. s.th.) VII pass. of

denture, set of teoth


to bespray, besprinklo, be-

V^
(pl.

falab search, quest, pursuit;

-t)

demand, claim,

call

(for),

in-

(fall)

drizzle,

bedew

the earth); lalla u to emerge, rise, loom up, come into view, appear, show

(t s.th., esp. the

sky

wish, desire, request, entreaty; application, Petition; order, commission; demand (com.);

vitation (to), solicitation,

study

IV to look
above),

iL .* at

down (J. upon), tower j commard a view of s.th.


(

s.o.'s disposal;

^JI x* and
if

V-*UI

jj
l-l.

on demand, by request,

(J),

desired,

on application;
at sight (com.);

(J. s.th.); to command! dominate, overtop (J, ,.th., e .g., the

overlook, urvey

.-IUI

j.i

lihini

.^ILlj,

^Jj\
<-Jl
I.

Canf) supply and

demand;

UJ1

Jl.
oJ.'Jm quest of

664
/aMA) to be or beoome

knowledge, craving for

_1L faiaAa
bad,

C^J

knowledge, studiousneas; Ul (J ^Ji> 'adam at-tiqa motion of "no oonfi.


f.

evil,

wioked, vicious, depraved


:)

jX, falh (ooU.; n. un.

pl.

j-jll-

fuM*

denoe"

(pari.)

UL faiba
demand;
;

litany, prayer (CAr.)


desire, wish, request,

a variety of acacia (Acaoia gummifera); banana tree; banana L>JL lalhfya


paper
pl.

j-t taUMy

sbeet of

VLfaliba, lba

applioation

IL jalablya pl. -<M Order,

oommission

UJU JoJIAo

(yr.)

ream of paper

(com.)

ili ftih bad, evil, wioked, vioious,

depraved, vlainous

V ^U faliJo eiaoting, persistently olaiming or


,

demanding
maflab
search, quest,
pursuit;
oall (for);
pl.

'j^lt faiwa

ifals)

to effaoe, obliterate, blot

out

IL.
(pl.

( s.th., esp. writing)


IL

JIL.

maflib')

demand,

effacement, obliteration
effaoed, obliterated, blotted
illegible

requeat, wish; olaim; problem, issue;

^jJL (,

JIL.
tazes

(claima

of

the

goyernment

=)

out (inscription);

SJIL. mvtlaba

demand;

oall,

appeal
'

"^1

off satin;

(pl.

^U.1

atlu') atlas,

(with

genit.
t-

or

for )s

olaim

witn

volume of geograpbical maps

genit. or

to)

UilJL lalasna

(eg.)

coping (areA.)

ju.
oant,

(u

pi.

v^
*J>
:

uuab i

*aW,

jUuU

Jalo*Jn pl. 5-1 U. (aycilua look

up

appliaeeker, pursuer; claimer, claimant;

alphabetioally
_11.
filaim,

petitioner;
JJI

oandidate;
(

Student,

oholar, also

oJ-'ilm;

pup;

fiasm

pl.

-St,

{*& taltim*
like,

(Eg. a nayal rank, approl. midshipman (mumtz) a naval rank, 11 jti 1939)
|

talisman, a seal, or the

inscribed

approi.: ensign (Eg. 1939);


petitionere ;
j-ljj

JH

oUU-l v* " / -"#


1

wordB or characters; charm, magical oombination of words;


with mysterious
pl.

--^U oryptic charaoters

suitor
^jJU,

Uk
JJiM
student's,

Student-

(in

oompounds), of or pertaining to studies


or students

u (jll. ful', jUk mafio.') to rise, oome up (esp. of celestial bodies) to oome into view, appear, show, become up, visible; to erupt (tooth), oome
(ala'a

ascend,

^jJL,

matlb

wanted

(in

olassifled

ads); dne,

owed (money); unknown

(of

sprout, break forth (plant); to go out, get out, come out, emerge (,> from); to

a quantity; math.); (pl. r sl u " mafalib') debta; wish, deeire; pl. oljjlL. liabilities,
pl.

come suddenly (J upon


overtake (J s.o., s.th.); take or bring to s.o. s.th.
(9
;

s.o.

or s.th.),

"=1

fala'a a u

(^

^4 ^*
^J\L.

olaims
mutalib
claimer, olaimant;

for),

iL

ful')

and

jali'a

a to mount,

mvfllab one of
is

whom

s.th.

or s.o. (v)
(._>

ascend, olimb, Scale ( s.th.); to get ( on top of s.th., aboard s.th., into an

demanded, one accountable

automobile, on a train,

etc.),

board

held answerable (v for)


,.- '

a train,

eto.) 111

to read, peruee

( s.th.)

IL-.

mutotoUabt requirementa

to study (

s.th.); to

look ( at

s.th.),

S6S

c
inspeot,
8.0.

view
with),

{* s.th.);

to acquaint

fjA IoIW
i*7Li
Ijill

striving,

aapiring

y-ji.

tj

make
insight

olear,
(

eluoidate,

owiyfi,

mpid)

explain, expound, disolose


s.th.),

to

s.o.

energetio, vigorous; Ji^sS\ Jl


ruf) curious, eager for
jil /u/fl' rising,

&

efflcient,
(fcj'or.

give
()
;

an
in

(i_,

to s.o. into),

news

let s.o.

on

s.th. (o,);

to shine (*

on

s.th.

of the sun) IV to erupt (tooth),


sprout, break forth (plant)
j

going up, ascending,

come up,

to

ascension; rise (esp. of celestial bodies);

acquaint (J* s.o. with); to inform ( s.o. ,> or J* of or about), apprise, notify
(

appearanoe;

olimbing,

ascent

(of

mountain)
Jl. talVa pl. ^ML falSi'' front row, foremost rank, vanguard, avant-garde;
pl.

s.th. or

jt or J . s.o. of), about s.th.),


demonstrate,

let s.o. (.)


teil
(

know

s.o.

(J. about);

to

point
.

out,

disclose,

harbingers, precursors, presages, porErst indications,


|

reveal,

show ( J

to

s.o. s.th.);

to give
(.)

tents,

Symptoms; be-

an

insight (J

to s.o. into), let s.o.

ginnings

JLII

in front, at the head,

in on s.th. (J*) V to have an eye s.th. (Jl), wait, look out (Jl fbr);

on
to

in the lead
jU.

watoh
regard

(Jl for); to strive,

matla'

pl.

^IL.

be out
(Jl

matMi''

rise,

(Jl for),

be bent (Jl on); to look


(Jl s.o.);

time of rising (of

celestial bodies);

at s.o.),

point

to look attentively or

olosely, gaze, Btare

(^

or

j
(J

at) Till to
s.th.);

of ascent; starting point, point of departure; break (e.g., of day), dawn


(e.g. (

look;

to see, behold,

view (j*

of an

era);

onset,

outset, Start,

to study, come to

know

beginning; introduotion, preface, proem;

s.th.),

be-

come
aware

acquainted
or

(J* with), beoome oognizant (J* of), obtain

opening verses (of a poem); preludej


lookout; ladder, Steps, stairs

(J about), be informed (J* of); to inspect, examine (J s.th.), look into s.th. (J.); to know (J. s.th. or of B.th.), be aware, be oognizant (Ag>
of); to

information

<JUu mufia'a reading,


y;
(pl.

perusal, stud.
|

-<K)

(offlcial)

announcement

UIUI IM
^iUJ

reading room, study hall


striving,

be

tafaUu'

(well)

have

(inside)

(thoroughly)

informed (J. about), (j* of), be aoquainted (J* with), be


information

aspiration, en-

deavor, aim; inquiaitivenese, curiosity


J^UpI iftiUr pl.

St study, examination,
information, intel-

privy (J*
find

to),

be in on

s.th.

(J.);

to

inspection;
ligenoe,

perusal;

out,

discover,

deteot

(j*

s.th.)

knowledge; notioe, cognizance;

to seek to discover, explore, scout,


(*
s.th.);

acquaintance, conversauce, familiarity

reoonnoiter

to

inquire
(.

(* in

about
s.o.)
s.o.,
|

s.th.);
jtj

to arouse curiosity

^>Ut-l iatifUC study, researoh, investi.


gation, probing ; soouting, reoonnoitering,

*JkJ

(ra'yah) to consult

ask

reconnaissanoe;
(in

s.o.'b

advioe or opinion; JLi-i


to

exploration;
|

suspense

antioipation of s.th.)
al-ist.

J^-

(iabarahi)
s.o.

seek

information

flucti ^*.
curiosity;

about

hubb

or s.th.
JOkLi.^1

inquisitiveneas,

L. (hubtan)

out of curiosity;

^U iaT

(also

coli.)

spadiz or

inflo-

j^lii.^1 !/lt reoonnaissance plane


je->(ki.l

reeoence of the

palm

tree; pollen
ittiflSl researoh-,

Jl taTa look(s),

study- (in

appearanoe, aspect,

outward appearanoe, guise


*U fuia'a inquisitive, nosy, ourious

Compounds), explorational, exploratory,


faot-finding; soout-, reconnaissanoe- (in

Compounds)

&
1

S80

rising, JU> fi' pl. ^j' fowUli' ascending (esp. a celestial body); star of

it

has

(absolute)

validity

for...,

it

applies to...;

vjUI

destiny; ascendant, nativity

hum

af-t.

good fortune, lucky

Star,

jWJl J-good

to give free rein,


let

J^" >' <*"<> imposo no restraints,


1

>

things take their course;

,>. Ijj-

jlU

luok; ,jJU,

j-l

luckily

for

mo, fortu-

l^JLU (Aarftan) to unleash a war;

IjjJI jlll

nately; jJUJI
ill-fated,

'^
.U

ayy'

of-f. ill-starred,

ij

(daw'u
bis

bafnah)

the

medicine
jlll

unfortunate, unluoky; hapless JIU


(fK'uAfl)
ill

loosened

bowele;

J*

^L*/
JI

person;

he

feil

on

(rafta) to

firo,

shoot at;
to run

i>-j

jlW

evil days,

he met with

fortune

/ jJI

(rijlaihi, rih)

heels, to beat it;

JLU

tli'a outset,

beginning, Start
to run

away head over fjl *j\~ jlU (ja)


heels,
Siljl/I

away head over


wind,
to bolt;

dash

off

Jlk* mufSli' maz*


(Ji

reader

like the

jlU to

mutafalH' curious, eager, waiting

give a free hand (J to s.o.


to do s.th.);

in s.th. or

f0
milu

Lf-

jlU to

release s.o.,

muttali'

viewer,
of),

observer;

set s.o. free, let s.o. go; IjuJ


in-

JjJ
s.o.

jUl

(Ii-'o6rfKtAi)

to let one's tears flow freely;


(sarAaA)

formed (J about,
milir ,(j

aoquainted, fat>.\j^

jlLI

to

set

at
jail

with),

cognizant

(J*

of),

liberty, free s.o., release s.o.

(from

privy (J* to)


jll

or custody);
falqtt)

oLll

jlU to give

free rein
;

foiujo
jovial,

u (MU

to he oheerful,

happy

(face,

oountenance) ;
(3iU fal})

to s.o. or s.th., give vent to s.th.

jlU
in

aJ. (lihyatah) to
UJLS

let one's

beard grow;

tdaqat u, faluqat

to be

IMU

iU

jUl

to indulge

divorced, get a divorce (said of a

woman)
in labor

II

pass. tuliqal (jll> falq) to

be

to set looae, releaso, set free, let go (,


s.th.); to leave,

defamatory remarks about s.o., backj"' (oWnaJsum) bite s.o.; v i*^' to incite s.o., e.g., a crowd, the mob (to
boisterous
outbursts,
(7ta/a,

s.o.,

forsake

(*, s.o.,

demonstrationB,
;

emotional
I

s.th.); to

repudiate, divoroe (irjj

zaw

and the like) \f-f J ^-11 jU


jUI jltl to open
fire

jatah one's wife);

to grant a divorce

sa^iyoJtn)

he gave free rein to


on,

decree (J* against a woman; said of the judge) | Ui' C-jH* (nafsah) she dis-

his instincts;
fire

or shoot at;

jUI

jll.1

to set re
1

solvedher marriage, got a divorce;


<Ae.

C-il

to, set s.th.

on

fire;

v
do

'4

11

(**)
s.th.
b.o.

{fulliqat)

she was granted a divorce


decree)

to

be openhanded with, bestow


(J)

from him (by judicial


undo, loose, disengage (*
set

IV to
lavishly;
free

>i>.

jlU to give
s.th.),

s.th.); to free,

hand

(in,

to

give

s.o.

free

(,

s.o.,

s.th.,

also

c*em.),

unlimitedauthorityfor; s~ki\ j^n^J

\yM
high,

release, set at liberty, let go, let off, sot

(aidiyahvm) they did as they pleased

loose (,

s.o., s.th.);

to send out, disdischarge (


at),

with

the

country,

they

dealt

patch

(,

s.o.,

s.th.); to

a firearm),

fire

( s.th.,

shoot

handedly with the oountry V to brighten-

utter, emit ( a sound); to (J* at); to let burst forth ( laughter); to repudiate,

beam, be radiant (with joy)


i.I_ili

l+r J J^" (imjhvM bi-btuma) her face broke


|

divorce {<^rjj zaujatah one's wife); to generalize ( s.th.); to apply ( s.th., e.g.,

into a radiant smile VII to be free, be


loose,

be set free

(also, ehem.);

to be

an expression, a designation, J* to) s.th ... ,-1 4-U(wma) to name or call


|

jlU

emitted, emanate; to raoe along, sweep


along,
I

dash along; to hurry, rush


off,

(JI

designate s.th. 9...;

J jlW (yu*ku)

to);

to be hurled

be flung away;

667

,*
J-IL
/ottj
pl.

to be diacharged, be flred (firearm); to

Uli

fulaq'i

freed,

explode, go off; to burst forth, burst out,


ring out (shoute, voices);
start
off,

rele&sed, Bet free, free; freedman; U1UI

to take

off,

name

of those Meccans

who remained
of Mecca

decamp, depart (^. from);

heathen
*f:Ai

until the surrender

to start rollrag,
vehicle)
;

move

off,

pull out (train,

to

go on, proceed on one's


leave; to go by, pass,

falqa

ease,

relaxedness;
|

un:Ai

way; to go away,
(face);

restraint;

cheerfulness
*-_jJI

LJI
f.

elapse (houra, years); to brighten,

beam
s.th.,

fluency, eloquence;

"^

al-wajh

with

.-:

to utter .th. (tongue);


:

cheerfulness of the face, gaiety


*Ji

with fo. imperf.


begin or
(yajri)

to set out to do
|

/aiija

repudiated

or

divorced

start with s.th.

^jc.

^ILil

woman, divorcee
>iL falga
<JhAM
loose,
pl. jl^ir fal'iq* atallion

he set out in a hurry; Uj. jlLil

(mvari'an) he went

away, dashed
huhu)
cheerful

off;

away J* *JU

quickly, rushed
jlLil {lisnuh)
i/Jdy freeing, liberation;

setting

to utter words against; <^-j jlLil {waj*


his

releasing,

release;

dispatoh(ing);

faoe

brightened,

became

<J^

jlkJ

(bafnuh) he had

apph'cation (J* to); generalization ; llirl iflqan absolutely J j^ir"bll J* absolutely,


unrestrictedly, without exception, in
respect, under

a bowel

movement
;

any

falg talc (min.)

labor pains, travail;

any circumBtanoes;

J^irl

free, open, unconfined, unrestrained,

un-

impeded,
rid

uninhibited;
|

free

J o"^** (* ar-ro^?) the firing at s.th., the shootingof s.o.; r'^-JI J^VU (w-aarA,
'.

(j-

from),
release (of s.o.); (lj*JI) jLJI J^irl opening
futq)

(,> of)

Ul
**-J\

jlt folg

(fg,

al-muhayy with a happy, cheerful


brigbt-faced;

of
face,
fulg)

fire, ahelling,

gunning, cannonade

jU. falg

(tilg,

j^Uil infilg outburst, out break, eruption,

al-wajh do.; LJI jU eloquent;


JjiUI

.j^JI

j
al-

explosion, release

(e.g.,

of forces,
|

(hatv')

outdoors,

in

the

open,

of energies); unrestraint, liberty

*L1

under the open sky; ^xJl jU /. yadain openhanded, liberal, generous


J fg permissible, admissible jU \alag
race;
(pl.
|

j^kJV' nugfat
of departure

al-inf. starting point,

poinb

j)U flig (of a

woman) repudiated,

divorced
pl. j->l
-t,

aflg run, race, foot


aflq)

tf^ jJU.

(taltan) Bhe ia

irrevocably divorced
j^irl

shot (with a
(rifle,

firearm)

jlU g^lisn

rapid-fire

jik*

muflag

free;

unlimited,

un-

gun)
jU LJ
faliq

restricted, absolute; general;

UiL. muf<
with-

facile,

fluent

lagan

absolutely,

unrestrictedly,

tongue
<li

out exception, in any reBpect, under any


circumstances
|

jiU.1 Ci-I

oli

JjoJl (duuxji

/a/ya

pl.

falaqt

divorce

lili

(t

a2-AuA:m)

the authoritarian states;


free, at large, at

ij^ill (talta) definite divorce


<ILL falaga pl. -t shot

^l^-JI jik.

m. (W-aarA

LjU Ulk do
|

liberty

J^ir faJy divorce, talak


(talta)
(raj'i)

*j*^Lj
j*- j

3&

jUai* mutafallig cheerful, jovial,


(face)

bappy

definite

divorce ;

J^

revocable (not definite) divorce;

J^JI

^bT

lL*

bl of divorce;
that's holy

J^Ul

miflama rolling pin


fulumba
pl. -i

J*L- to
il*

swear by

all

pump

;
,

r*
crJJ
(j\l

jaimaM

to frown, acowl, glower, lower

fidence,
(Jl

to trast

(Jl

in),

rely,

depend

on, upon); to

make

and JL) JL JaW

(JaJy) to paint, daub

sure (J* of s.th.),

(i_j

* s.th. with); to ooat, overlay, plate * a.th. with)


|

reassure o.a. (J* of or with regard to); to find reassurance (Jl in), derive oonfidence (Jl from)

v-*illi

JL

(rfoAoft)

to gild s.th.; b^Sli *

JL

(kahrabd') to

galvanize, electroplate s.th.; L-Lb *


(mlfuS*)

to enamel s.th. VII *J*

JL Jkj
|J

ojLl /uma'nina calm, repoae, serenity,


peace,
peacefulness,
tranquillity;
re-

J-1 I* (Mio) he wouldn't be deceived

assurance,

peace of mind,

composure,

by

this

nue,

this triok oouldn't fool

him

calmness, equanimity; trust, oonfidence


UjuLI ifmi'ndn calm, repoae, serenity, peace,
peacefulness,
tranquillity;
re-

^At

fild*

coating, overlaying, plating;

coat, oovering (e.g., of sugar); (ooat of)

paint; make-up, face paint

Ij^^JIj OJI

asBurance,

peace of mind,

composure,

(kahrab*) galvanization, eleotroplating

calmness, equanimity; trust, confidence


,jJJ*

JL
pretty

faliy

pleasant,

becoming,

nice,

m-ufmainn

(of land)

low,

low-

lying;

oalm, quiet, at ease, composed,


peaceable,
certain

(re)assured, tranquil, serene,

lj& faiwa beauty, graoefulneaa, grace,


elegance
uLlLJl at-fulydn the Italians

peaceful,

safe,

secure ;

sure,

trusting, confident, of
vi-*U

good hope

famata u and fama a (famt) to men-

LJi- ftdaifila1 Toledo (town in Spain)

Btruate;

famata u
famf

(famt) to deflower

(U a -L famma u (|amm,
fiow,
flood,

girl)

pJ fumm)
I

to over-

i*L

menstruation

menses,

inundate,

deluge,

engulf

menstrual discharge

(* s.th.)

VII pass. of

-L fimm large quantity, huge amount


sea
|

*L famaha a (rj*L fumh) to turn, be


directed (Jl to, toward; of the eye, of
glances); to aspire (Jl to, after), be bent

tj\j All (rimm)

tremendous richee
(overwhelming)

i.LL

fmma

pl.

-d*

(Jl on), strive, crave, long,

yearn

(Jl for),

oalamity, diaaster

oovet
(

(Jl s.th.);

to take away, remove

LLL fumfa tomato

s.th.)

LLL famfim*

rj*L
(ooll.; n.

fuffliiA

fltriving,

endeavor, aspi

un.

*)

tomatoes
ration, desire, craving, ooveting, longing,

LL famana and
quiet,
(*,

,>tL fa'mana to calm,

yearning

ambition

high

aspirationa

pacify, appease, assuage,

soothe
rest;
in),

lofbineas of
t-j*1

purpoae

s.o., s.th.), aet a.o.'s

mind at

farnK high-aiming, high-aapiring,

to

fill

b.o.

()

with oonfidence (Jl

ambitioua; oraving, covetous, desirous,


arid, eager

reassure (Jl

* s.o.

of or with regard to)

^.ILI tafa'mana

j*L VI; IV LLI


-LL
ing,

gma'anna to remain quietly (j in a place); to oome to rest; to be or beoome


Btill,

fammh

high-aiming, high-aapir-

ambitioua; craving, oovetous, de-

quiet,

calm,

tranquil,
feel

at

ease,

sirous, arid, eager

compoaed, or reasaured,
confident,

assured,

*k* mafmah

pl.

flk. mat&mih* objeot

or

seoure;

to

be sure,

be

of one's longing

or atriving,

(aspired)

certain (j or Jl of s.th.); to have oon-

goal, aim, ambition, burning desire

669

C*
J|J

f\b fmih high-aiming, high-aapiring


longing,

tamfim*

(coli.; n.

un.

*)

tomatoes

yearning,

craving,

covetoua,
jljW*!

avid, eager

fumfumni barbarous, barbaric, un(esp. speech, pronunciation)

educated
\fj

famara u

(famr) to bury, inter, cover


(*
a.th.,

with earth

esp,

a corpee);
fill

aJ fami'a a {fama') to covet, deaire


or

(i_>

tamara

to cover

up

(* a thing),

up
(._>

s.th.),

wish, crave, strive

(<~>

or

for), aspire

(* a well)
s.th.,

(^ or

to, after); to
(

ezpeot

jS

fimr

pl. jLii

afmr old, tattered

ambitious;

^ from); to hope j for); to be pimua u (*Li tam'a)

garment, rags, tattere

to be covetous, avid, greedy, avaricious


II
(

jj timirr

fiery ateed, raoe hrse

to

make

s.o.)

( s.o.) desiroua (j of), fill with greed (j for); to allure, ( s.o.);

^J*. mifmar plumb line


jj*L>

tempt, entioe
Under(ii

to give
(

( s.o.)

hope

mafmr Bubterranean,
|

of),

hold out hopea


( s.o.),

to

s.o.,

of

ground

lj_^*J*L!

]* *ilm al-mafmrt

s.th.),
b.o.

embolden

encourage (j

paleontology

to do s.th.) IV

II

jyh*

mafmra

pl.

j^lk.

matmir*

*1

fama'

pl.

fLU

afTn*

greed,

subterranean atorehouse for grain, Under-

greediness, avidity, covetousness; ambi-

ground granary, mattamore


*jj* II (eg.)

tious deaire, ambition; objeot of desire


fl*l

\amn\S avid, greedy, covetous,

to ourry(comb), rub

down

(*

desiroua; avarioious, graaping


5-* 1*1

a hone)
tam'iya avidity, greed; cupidity,

jLt /mr
jLjL

{eg.)

currycomb
fawmir2 look up

avarice
fcJ*.
(

fmr

pl.

j<+\jk

mafma'

pl. .11*.

mafmi' 1 coveted
craving,
desire;

alphabetically

objeot;

covetousness,

hope,

expectation;

pl.

ambitiouB

de-

ijS famasa u
effaced,

(fams, ,_yj^ fums) to

be

aigns,

ambitiona,

Bchemes,

aapirationa,

be obliterated, be erased, be

desires i*J**

wiped out, be blotted out, be destroyed,


be eradicated;
to lose animation,
bei

mafma'a

Iure, enticement,

temp-

come
(fams)

lusterless (eye, glance) ;

(amorn
eraae,

tation

to

eflface,

obliterate,

ex-

LL.

mifTn' filled with greed; obsessed

punge, blot out, wipe out, destroy, eradicate (J* or * a.th.) VII to be effaced, be obliterated, be wiped out, be blotted
j^J

by ambition, overambitious
II

to

quiet,

calm,

appease,

pacify,
s.th.);

out,
{J

beoome extinct
fams effacement, obliteration
1

allay, aasuage, soothe (*,

s.o.,

see also

^U fa'mana under
become

ut*L VI to

~S
l^j

be low; to become low, sink, subside;


to calm down, be or
still,

infims

inoomprehensiblenesa,

quiet, calm,

abstruseness ur- LI fdmis extinct, dead; blurred, indistinct; incomprehenaible, abstruse, rec-

to abate; to be bent over, to stoop

uUl \amS,n calm, quiet, repose, peace,


peacefulneaa,
aerenity,

tranquillity;

re-

ondite, obaeure
*IU fumfa

assurance,

ease,

calmneas,

peace
;

of

mind,

oomposure,

equanimity

truat,

tomato

confidenoe


,>*U tifmin appeasement, molfication,
ealuiing, assuaging, soothing

<$j^

fanba

pl. -<K

paddle box (of a paddle

s teamer)
1*iU fanja 2

^ylLi*

mutafmin low

Tangier
fanji

(j*U and ^^J)


tarn
i

* fam u

(jJ /umu>), ^^J

j*^

from Tangier; native of

(fawiy)

to flow over

Tangier, Tangerine

Lf

*l

famy

(eg.,ayr.) alluvial

mud,

eilt,

jf+^ tanjara pl. j*-UU fanjir* (copper) casserole, sauoepan, skillet

alluvium
l

J funn

pl. bll

o/nn ton

J*

jl

(wu*

liid tajtfd

Tanta

(city in

N Egypt)
buzz,

aajjal) register

ton
jki fanfana to ring, sound, peal, jingle,
tinkle
(insect);
(bell);

J /anno

(,>J fanin) to ring, sound, peal,

to

hum,

drone

jingle, tinkle (bell);

to hum, buzz, drone

to clang, boom, roar, rnmble;


(<->

{insect); to ring (ears) II

to blare out

s.th.)

^J
drone
ears)
<jLi

fanin ring(ing), peal jingle, tinkle,

fajtfana

ring(ing),

peal,

jingle,

tinkling (of a bell); buzz(ing), hum(ming),


(of

tinkle, tinkling (of a bell);

hum(ming),

an

insect);

ringing

(of

tho

buzz(ing), drone (of

an

insect); clangor,

boom, roar
fannn ringing, sounding, pealtinkling;
.JtJ

punuf (tanaf,tunf)

pl.

^funf, JUU
(of a mountain);

ing,

jingling,

resounding,

re-

afnf top,

summit, peak

verberating, eohoing;

humming, buzzing,

ledge, molding, eaves

droning; whistle, buzzer (of a kettle);

famous, renowned, celebrated


i_^L II to remain, abide, stay to live, Bettle

1 finfisa, fanfaaa, funfusa


velvet-like carpet,

pl. ^jJI^* fanfia*

mockado carpet

down

(ij in, at

a place) IV to be exoverdo,

*1*

a group of letters opening the 20th sura;

ceasive

(j

in),

exaggerate (J

Th a Muslim masculine proper name


j4$* fahara,

s.th.); to

brag
fahura

(/Ar,

<_^ funub pl. (_jLU afndb tent rope;

be clean, pure;

jW^ fahTa) to
fahurat (of
(as

taharat,

sinew, tendon

ohll

xi (Sadda) to stay,

a woman) to be clean

opposed to

sojoum, reside; J <jLU1 ^j^# to settle down, take up permanent residence in


a place;

menstruating) II to clean, cleanse, deterge, expurgate, purge, purify, chasten


(a,

J oUU u^#
fnft

to take root, prevail

s.o.,

s.th.);

to disinfect, aterilize
e.g.,

(at a place)

{* s.th.); to

dredge {*
(

a canal); to
circumcise
o.b.,

wLU
verbosity

exaggeration;

fussiness,

circumcise
(

s.o.)

in
o.s.,

to

eircumatantiality, prolixity, lengthiness,

s.o.)

V to clean

cleanse

perform an ablution a long-necked,


j4$*

jj^>

3 fujibr pl. julit fanftir

fuhr cleannesa, purity; chastity

stringed instrumeot resembling the

man-

jyt*

tahr

circumcision;

cleansing,

dolin; a device used to raise water for


irrigation,

purging, detergent; clean, pure


<j I4L

rchimedean screw;

drum,

fahra

cleannes3 t
(lal.

cleanliness,

oylinder (techn.)
tSjjt^* funbri player of the

purity; cultic purity

Law); chastity;
ciroum-

jj^*

honeas,

aanctity,

BaintlinesB;

eisten
|

JjJl

jl^i

f.

a4-4ail innooenoa;

V>

II

to beatify

(. s.o.;

Chr.)

probity, upright neas, integrity, honesty

Jjl fb bleaaedness, beatitude; Beatituda


Chr.)
(title

j+U* mafhar purgatory (Chr.)


*j^** mafhara
pl.

of honor of a patriarch;

ylL.

mofiJAir

washTljl*> tafwib beatification (Chr.)

xroom, lavatory,
j^Lj

toilet

<a/Air cleaning, cleansing, purging,

V>

fb (coli.; n. un.

I)

brick(a)

^1 v>

expurgation,
purgation,

purifioation;

disinfection

(ahmar) baked briok(a); fjlu


farra) hollow tile(a), air

use of aperienta;

dredging;

.^L (mubrick(a); J ^jL

circumciaion

(nayy) unburned, sun-dried brick(s)


oleanaing, de-*l^t

jj^j
tergent

tafAlrf cleaning,

fawub

brick

burner,

brick-

maker, tilemaker
jeSAtr

^*LU
choste,

pl.jL#U ofAr clean, pure;


|

^rfjl

fbji,

(eg.)

fobgl

pl.

-lya

artUlerist,

modest, virtuous
upright,
/.

5-Jl

ylV

f.

artilleryman
i-jfjL fbjlya artillery

a4-4imma
Jj-l

righteous,

honest;
pure,

j*LV

ad-4ail

innooent,

unblemished, blameless, upright, righteous, honest

*jJ* fba the oalendar


(r^J*)

fifth

month of the Coptio

j+U* mufahhir
antiseptio);

pl. -t

a detergent

(esp.

r^* tha u (fauA) to perish, die; to

an antiseptic, a disinfectant

lose one'a

way, go aatray, stray, wander


fall;

jlJU*

mutahhar pure, immaculate

about; to
toss,

to throw, cast, fling, hurl,

carry away, sweep

away

(^ s.o.,
(

'^^i fiArn 1 Teheran (capital of Iran)


J4I

s.th.) II to
<->

oause to or let periah

or
{*

s.o.);
.-

V to

to endanger, expose to per

despise,

deteat,

abhor, Ioathe

or

s.o.);

to throw away, toss away,


a.th.);

(,>- i.th.)

hurl
perfeot beauty (esp. os
toss,

away
fling

(.-

to throw, cast, hurl,


into);
s.o. to,

*^k*

mufahham of

(Jl

s.o.

to

carry

an epithet of noble horses)


(j^ and
iS^)

away, transport
to do s.th.)
|

(Jl

^
*.

into); to

move, induoe, tempt


I4L

( b.o.,

Jl to a.th.,

fad u and ^Lj ya#Ad

^IjUI

c-~>
(*

fate dealt

(^L

faAu>,

^4! fuAiy, faAy, iilfr /Aya)

him severe blows IV


(*,

to drop, discard
a.th.);

to 000k (* s.th.); to stew (* B.th.); to


braise (* a.th.); to broil, fry (* a.th.); to

s.o.,
(<->)

a.th.),

shed

to let

s.th.

be swept away; to carry away,

bake

(* s.th.)

tear away, rip

away

(.-<

s.th.); to
fall,

chop
drop,

^j^0
*jl+i

fukan cooked diah, cooked meal


fihya oook's trade

off (a s.th., esp. the

head) V to

be thrown, be tossed; to atray, wander about; to sway,


rljU
fate
**-jlu
pl. 3~-J_jI

reet, atagger

lj^**
LI

mafhan kitchen
pl. l+i

tawd'ih 2

adveraities,

blows

of

fhin

fuhh cook

^IjL fawdA

tawya eunuch
*jL VII to

mufawwiha
the

pl. -t

adventure

rise in
pl.

air,

soar

up

iljL fatinvdya frying

pan
jjL faud
jtjLl

afwd (high, tower-

^U fdba

look

up

alphabetically

ing)

mountain

; ;

>>
jlk* munjdd
blimp;
pl.

572

xLtu mandd1
dirigible
j

balloon,
:>U*u

^jL n

to adorn, decorate, deok out

(*,

zeppelin,

a-i.

s.o., s.th.)

(mu$ayyad) oaptive balloon, kite balloon

^It
ing oup
finget

fd* pl. -dt round, shallow drink-

O ~*tf J'j* J^* (haw'l)


1

barrage balloon

made of

metal, drinking vessel

j_>L II to develop, further,

advance, pro-

bowl

mote

{* s.th.)

to develop, evolve; to

<-lL faa pl. -dt round, shallow drink-

ohange; to race (motor)

ing oup

made of

metal, drinking vessel

jj^ $aur
foia)
;

pl.

jljM afwdr one time (= Fr.


oondition ;
limit,

s+d\ -IL frying pan;

f^L^di *-lL

/.

Btate,

bound
j

al-tafdum buffer (railroad)

atage, degree; phase (also phys., esp. d.)

^jjll

fduriZ

pl.

,j-ij^ fawwU? pea-

j^U xu ij^U time and again, again and


again;

lj^

Ij^L or
sometimes,
je-

\jjl*

oook

L-**

some-

times

at

times

^jL* mt^aunwu
ly

ornate, ostentatious*

at

made-up
{ s.o.)

times; *jj
oontrol,

rj*- to lose one's

seif-

beoome upset; j^U j*


to
upset,
s.o.;

*rj*-'
dis-

^JjL II to oastrate, emaaculate

(afcrajoh)

disoompoae,

^IjL
eunuoh

jaudA

pl.

^{jl

jawHya

conoert

jj^H
jljLI

<-rij*

of oddbehavior,

eooentric

j^L
#Ua^
f.

fflr pl.

afw&r mountain
f.

fnd*

and Ua- jjL

fnd

jj* Mount
|

(fjU) fit Jd*a

(/au')
*

to obey (J or to
s.o.) II

s.o.),

be obedient (J or

to render

Sinai

obedient, bring into subjeotion, subdue,


eubjeot,

subjugate
(lit.:

s.o.)

jj> fflrf wd
jl^U fawdr aide walk

*J

i^jjL

*-ij

(na/*uAfl)
it

bis soul permitted

him, made

easy or feaaible for bim,


s.th. (*), s.th.

JljjL
jjiJ

frflnl wild;

Turanian
-dt

i.e.)

he allowed himaelf to do
he did not hesitate to do

tafawumr
-dt

pl.

development;

he had no qualms
(*),

about doing

evolution; pl.

stages of development,
J

s.th. (*)
s.o.'s

evolutionary phases, developments

III to

oomply with or aooede to

JjU

j jlcll developable, capable of development or evolution

wishea (J* or J in, with regard to), yield, aubmit, be obedient ( to s.o.,
()

jjjUJ tafawwuri evolutional, evolutionary


|

J or
be at

in),

obey

( s.o.,

J or
(

in);

to

s.o.'s ()

oommand
(*,

(of a faculty,

*ijJ^ <tj* {naqariya) thoory

skill, etc.);

to consent, assent

j to s.th.)
be
to
s.o.,

of evolution, evolutionism
'jlt fr
tire;

IT to obey, follow
hoop, ring;

s.o., s.th.),
(*,

{=

jlUI #dr), IjlU fdra

obedient, submit, yield


s.th.),

to

frame; wheel; tambourine

oomply

(*,

with
to

s.o.'s
s.o.'s

wishes, wishea,

with
"jlUl t^dr aee

B.th.),

aooede

(*,

>l
up alphabetically
i-ji^ fardfrk*1 torpedo

to s.th.)

to do voluntarily (J or

or

*ij j_i

frfya look
pl.

* s.th.), volunteer (J or

or * for, in,
\

to

do
f

s.th.);

to

enlist, volunteer (mil.)

LjjjL furbtf
ijjl /flrfya

-dt,

\j-f-

jW

(Jpairan)

to perform a good

(ep.)

pl.

jj'ji Jawdrf hoe,

deed voluntarily
(J
s.o.,

TU
be

to

obey,

follow

s.th.),

obedient,

submit,

mattock

yield,

aooede (J to), oomply (j with)


s.th.),

jjj>

(Turk. torfwi) gaiter(s), legging(s)

to be able (* to do

be in a

73

-i>
U
f'i'
|

Position to do, to get, to carry out, or

obedient,
j\

compliant, sub-

to take
(*

upon

o.a.

(* s.th.), be capable

missive

Uj*

Uli willingly or uneto.) will it or

of

s.th., l

of doing s.th.)

willingly,

whether I (you,

9J0

fau*

obedience ;
(in

voluntariness,

not

spontaneity

connection with a legally


Ist.

fjL* mufawwa'
Turds;

pl.

-n holder of the

relevant action, esp. a deliot;


ffor

Law);

diploma iasued by the Great Mosque of

m. and

f.)

obedient, compliant, aubvoluntarily, of one's

mutfawwi*

volunteer

(also

missive;

UjL fauan

mil.); unsalaried trainee


f-jlL*

own
U^S

free will, of one's


jl

own aocord

U_jL

mufwi'

obedient,

compliant,
pliant;

(karhan) willingly or unwillingly,


it

submissive;
f-jUtil

yielding,

pliable,

wly-nilly, whether I (you, eto.) will

the reflexive, frequently


|

or

the

not;

LjJI
Oj

amenable;
a.o.'s

9J, pjL fau'a yadiki under

tractable,

docile,

passive {gram.)

jlW.

jj-u.

mild Bteel

thumb, at s.o. 's beok and call; 9J0 jh (fau'a aidin) he is at our beck and call, he is in our power; 9 J*
LjJjI
t\j*\

*-k* mufi" obedient, compliant

jLr* mutafawun'

pl. I

volunteer (also

mtl.); unsalaried trainee

fau'a amrika at your disposal

i-*
"L*jL

mustaf'

possible,

feasible

fau'iyan

voluntarily,

of one's

f-LUzil jJi

own

qadra l-m. as far as possible,


it is

free will, of one's

own accord
sub-

as

far

as

feasible;

(joj

J*)

jJi

L fayyi' obedient, compliant,

^IkUll do.

missive

(^)
5*Ur

JiU \\a

(fauf, JiI^U tawf,

jUjU

\Sa obedience, compliance, sub(pl. -t)

tawajn) to go about, walk about, ride

missiveness;

pious

deed

[Isl.

about, travel about,


about,
in

move about, rove


(

Law)
house

IUI c*u
to

bait af-f.

the husband's
in

wander about, run around


tour (a s.th.); to go,
(Jj*-,
<->

which a woman,
desertion,
fc*_JI
{

oase of
(Isl.

s.th.),

walk,

unlawful

must

return

ride,

run

around
s.th.);

s.th.),

ciroum-

Law);
I hear

4*\U\j

as-sam'u wa-t-f'atu

and obey! at your Service! very


sam'an wa-\atan do.
j

make the rounds, walk around (Je among people);


*_*

ambulate (J>~,

to

well! itLUj Lr*


5-*ljL

to

circle, circuit,

compass
(t_*

(Jj*-, t_*s.th.);
s.th.); to

faw'iya obedience
of one's

3-eljt
will,

^
of

to roam, rove, rnge

show

voluntarily,

own

free

around, guide
o.s.,

(^
o.b.

s.o.);

to

familiarize

one's

own

accord

acquaint

(^ with); to become
b.o.,

acquainted
JjL. mifw' obedient, compliant
t_jU
tafwi'

(*_*

with
(._

with

s.th.),

come
Great

to

know

s.o.,
(<_*)

s.th.);

tfou/)

diploma

of

the

to appear to s.o.

in

his sleep; to

Mosque of Tunis
Uli! ifffa

come (Je upon


overflow,

s.o.), afflict

(J*

s.o.);

to to

obedience
voluntariness ;
(

leave

its

banks

(river);

Bwim,

float,

jU
of the

drift II to

go about, walk

tafawwu'

volun-

teering; voluntary Service

j in

about,

stroll

about, ride about, travel

a branch
as

armed

forces);

Service

an

about (j in), tour (j B.th.); to go or walk around s.th. (l_j), circle, circum-

unsalaried trainee, voluntary traineeship

ambulate
guide
(*_*

{*_*

s.th.);

to

UlUi^l isti'a ability, capability, facnJty; powibility

or

s.o.); to let

(*_*

show around, s.th.) roam

(* s.th.), let (o> B.th.)

make the rounds

574

in), let one's eyes (^) wander; to perform the circumambulation of the
(<^>

llt f'ifa
portion;

pl.

iJJljU

faw'if*

part,

number; troop, band, group;


drove,

Kaaba
V
to

(tatcf)

IV

to

Surround,
(i_j

ens.th.)

flwarm,
class ;

bevy,

covey;

people;

compass, encirclo, circumscribe

sect,

denomination ;

confession

move

about, rove, roam, wander,

communion; party,
nority
j

faction; religious mi-

walk about
J*J*
\au\

L1II JIUI (ifrdUlya) the


iJJljUI iljU princelings,

impressionists;

round,

circuit,

beat;

low
petty kings

wall, enclosure; (pl. iJljW' a^wf) patrol;

raft

made of

inflated

waterskins tied

JjI^

f't/i

factional,

eectarian,

de-

together

nominational, confessional
\aw\

l^W
round
trip

round,

circuit,

beat;

lJu\^ faiftya

sectarianism,

denomi-

trip, round-trip excursion;


flight;

roundof

nationaliam; confessionalism
JtjL* mufaunvif
in
pl.

circumambulation

the
-n pgrima' guido

Kaaba

(as part of the Islamic pilgrimago

ceremonies)
Ji jL
I

Mecca

fawwf

amb ulant,
circuit,

itinerant,

(J>W)

J^

\6qa

(fauq) to be able,

be in a

migrant, roving, wandering; going the

position (* to do s.th.), be capable {*


of,

round b, making the


beat;
(Eg.)
circuit
(pl.
|

Walking the

of doing s.th.); to be able to bear or


(*
s.th.),

mounted
which

rural mail caxrier


af-f-

stand

bear,
II

stand,

sustain,

IjUI

oli^ makaUt

(Eg.)

endure (*
necklace
()

s.th.)

to put a collar or

stations

have the mail


carriera

fj*

fauqan)

around

s.o. 's

delivered

by mounted rural mail


pl.
-t

neck; to hoop (*
Surround,
(l-j

s.th., e.g.,

a barrel);
ring,

to

clasp,
>,

enwrap,
s.th.

en-

oljU
coastal

fawwfa

patrol

boat,

compass

s.o.,

with), en-

patrol vessel (employed

by the
circle (*,
s.o.,

s.th.),
(a,

form or throw a

Egyptian Coast Guard)


jlfjU ffn flood, inundation, deluge

circle

or

cordon

around
(*
s.th .)
;

s.o.,

around

s.th.),

enclose
e.g.,

to

JiUu maff

riding about,
|

traveling,
*j

play (* about,
Ups),
flit

a smile about the


|

touring; round trip


Jl

LLil

(^^j') J*

(a

across s.th.)

v'j-M

**y*

to end with,

wind up with, arrive

{bi-dir'axhi) to take s.o. in one's

arms,

eventually at; JilLil 'U- the end of the


matter, the final issue, the upshot of
it

embrace,

hug,

clasp

s.o.;
s.o.
I

<~>

*ii* jjl

('unuqah) to present

with, bestow

upon
jljLj tafwf traveling, touring, wandering, itineration, roving
life

s.o.

s.th.

IV

(J*, m s.th., to

do

s.th.,

of s.th. or of doing s.th.); to


|

master (* a method)

\j^

jLj

lam

iJul^ p'if ambulant, itinerant, migrant,

yufiq pabran he could not tand or bear


it,

roving, wandering; one going the rounda


or

he could not

control
s.th.

himself;

^
s.th.

making the
;

circuit

or Walking the
|

jlL>

V {yu\qu)

unbearable,

beat

one performing the fawf

JU

intolerahle

iJJlt he

had a audden im pulse or urge;


j*
Juli
*_l*

J^

fauq

ability,

faculty,

power,

^Lil

j-Jl

Jilt

(gadar)

strengt h, potency, capability, aptitude,

tragedy
fate

befell

him, he met with a harsh

capacity;

endurance;

3j*

(pl.

j'^l

afwq) necklace; neckband, ruff, collar;


aj-t'if

JulUI

Taif (town in S Hejaz)

hoop,

circle

#U*J

(najh)

life

J>
buoy;
l-huznu)
SjL

j*

ji-\

*~j*-\

(afcrajah
hia

elongate, stretch

out,

prolong, extend,

grief

drove

him out of

protract (* s.th.); to be very elaborate,

mind
jjl
jau^t
collar-like,

very
loop-shaped,

detailed,

very exhaustive,
to
|

long-

winded,

prolix;

grant
J* JIj

a delay

or

ring-shaped, annular
jLi,

respite (J to s.o.)

J>

{biah)

to be patient with III to keep putting


pi.

-5^ OLLI* figdn arch (arcA.);

off

(j

s.o.

in or with s.th.); to vie for

(pl. -t)

Stratum, layer

power,

greatness
(

or

stature,
rival,

contend,

liil (dqa pl. ~t

window
-<Sf

compete
(

with

s.o.),

emulate
longer,

s.o.)

IV to

iU

make

fd^a

long

pl.

ability,

faculty,

or

capability,

aptitude,

capacity,

power,

lengthen, elongate, stretch out, extend,


prolong,
s.th.);

strength, potency; energy {phya., etc.);

capacity

(of

tecbnical

apparatus)
|

protract, draw out (* or ,y to take too long, find no end


|

bunch, bouquet (of flowers)


(with
foll.

UUJI
.
.

*J* JUI

j
.;

to

keep
Jlil

s.o.

waiting a long

time;
a

*j'LJ

ma^stfor) it ia possible to
//.

(Iwnah) to speak in

LUl joi garfra


the
best

forward

as far as possible, in *Jli jii

manner,
Jl

be

pert,

aauoy,

way

insolent in apeech;

possible;

^kJI Jlil (ruufara)

J*
*JU

according to bis capability; !^-u


(mtMWafcara)
tential

he kept staring at him; uj*jJl JLUl he


stayed a long time VI to become long, be lengthened, be extended, be prolonged
to stretch

accumulated
ijjJI

energy;

po-

(pAya.);

"^

(darriyo)
ili

atomic
*--lsl

energy,

atomic

power;

up, stretch o.s.;

to stretch

(tnWj'Iya) productive power,

(Jl

for),

pro-

crane one's neck (Jl at); to

ductional capacity, output capacity


S-jU

look up atphabetically
ta/ui?
pl.

attack (J* s.o.); to become insolent, get freah (J with s.o.); to be insolent enough, have the cheek (J to do s.th.);
to dare do s.th.
(<_j),

Ji^j
ringing

-dt

encirclement, en-

presume (^

s.th.),

compassment,

enclosure,

surrounding,

pretend
(Jl

(<-j

to B.th.); to arrogate to o.s.


j

a rank)
become

-{/,

JjUJ (W-ra'Ai) to

bear one's head high (with pride)


*IU ifqa ability,
faculty, aptitude,

X to be
overar-

or

long; to be or

become

power, capability, capacity

bearing, presumptuous, display

an

JjL, mufawwag ringdove


JLL* mu(dq bearable, endurable, toler-

rogant behavior J toward) (


tili-

tlam and

UUJ la-flam how


foll.

able

often often, frequently (with


!

verbal the

clause)

jSJ,
'(JA)

fkiy

Tokyo
(fl)

ul tili

(anna)

while,

as,

more so aa
to be or become long;
Jjl

^ u

faul might,
{9.

power

to last long; to lengthen,

grow

JJJ

_j-L*

longer,

extend,

be

protracted,
(

become drawn
s.o.)
|

J_A"j
J^l

al-haul) the

Almighty

out; to surpass, excel


ii*"

J or

Jli

fl

pl.

JIJ^I afivl length; size,


|

Cr

*i

(<"non)
. .

it

took a long time


this
will

height,

tallness

^l J^U

f.

al-andh

before

he

.;

l*

o J^

long-suffering, longanimity, forbearance,

(would) take

me too

long; ^-a

jl uUjJt Jli

patience;

^UJl

JJ*

f.

an-wufar
J^JJl

far-

(ramdnu, qapura) sooner or


long
II

later,

before

sightedness,
af-f.

hyperopia;

.L^

&a#

to

make

long or longer, lengthen,

geographica! longitude,

degree of

J>
longitude,

576

meridian;

JjUL and
J^U
. .

V>1

iJW
traction;

ifla

lengthening,

elongation,

lengthwiae,

longitudinally ;
.

JJ

stretohing, extension, Prolongation, pro-

(prep.) during, throughout,


.dl

long, o.g.,
this
J^l

elaborateneaa, exhauBtivenesa,

*i

J^l

(mtu&ia)
all

during

prolixity, long-windedness

period, during

this time, jl+Jl


L.

(noAdr) all

day

(long);
fall,

J^L

u long u;
ahead;
finally,

JLk^i

istifla

overbearing

attitude,

haughtineas,

preaumptuouaneas,

arro-

J^U J* (with
aide of;

genit.) along, along(ey.)

gance
J>lt

J>

ftraight

Btraightway,

directly;

at

last,

pT

long; huge, immense, ample,

after all; 1+*>>j J^UI

J> J

(uw-'artf*Ad)

enormous
mighty,

(of funds); use, avail; might,


j

througbout the oountry,


oountry; *fJ>U

all

over the

power, foroe

*)

J~J\ V

J>*lt

/.

op-saufe
J3U

lil

(ep.)

hare maroy on

powerful,

forceful;
(f'a) of

Oji

me!
J^U
djL>

and (v) no avail,

J>lt

no

use, of

useless, unavailing, futile; jli

ffltt

of length, linear, longitudinal


(#)

J>ILj

to

acoomplish

nothing,

be un-

geographioal longitude,

suocesaful, fail

degree of longitude, meridian


JU f&'ila might, power, force; ven-

J^ fuwuoZ
Jl^L

a long-legged waterfowl
{itvia

geanoe, revenge, retribution, retaliation


j^lill
*L'U*

patola,

(prep.)

during,

c*J-

-jj

to be Bubject to
(f.

throughout; along, alongaide of

punishment by law; O^il lULU *


-maui) under penalty of death

j.>
oal

faul pl.

JljU /tuxU long; large,

big, tall;

high; JijWI
~&ij^
|

name
/

of a poetilong
(adv.),

Jjk*

mu^auwoZ

elaborate,

detailed,

meter;

fawtian

exhaustive, ciroumstantial

a long time

J-Vl J>jl*

oi-a7'oi
f.

long-

Jjlku mutafdu/ long-extended, longstretohed,

term, long-dated; ;UVl Ji^l


long-fluffering

al-anh

long-protacted,

prolonged,

forbearing, patient; Jj^L

lengthy
J.U

f-Ul

mighty, powerful; capable, efflcient;


muttafll
long,
;

oblong,

elon-

generous, liberal, openhanded; ^jj\ Ji^t


f.

gate(d), long-stretohed

protracted, prorectangle,

ar-HZA long-auffering, forbearing, pa-

tient; *.UII

J;^

tall;

Uli

longed, long

drawn out; a

an

Ji> insolent,

oblong; a sauoy, presumptuous person


*if jli

impertinent, pert, sauoy

JI^U fuuxtt long

look up alphabetically

iJl> futoOa

pl.

Btable

CjSOjU Tulkarm (town in


jL^l fmr pl.

NW Jordan)
roll, scroll

iLi f{2ata (prep.)


.
.

during, througbout,

j*[^ fawmir*

long
flni

JVjt

measured

^Ui
lengthwise,

nor af-fna the Danube rirer


(It. tonneltaia)

longitudinal

iUV>>
f.

fonoUita ton

J^U

atwaP,

J>

/lud longer, larger,

j^U faiM
in,

bigger, taller; extremely tall, very long

(,J

/ayy) to fold, fold up, fold


fold

fold

over,

under,
(*

roll

up

(*

JijU
traction;

tofwll

lengthening, elongation,

a.th.);

to shut,

alose

book); to

Btretching, extension, Prolongation, pro-

keep seoret, seorete,


s.th.); to harbor, hold,

conoeal,

hide

(*

elaborateneas, exhaustiveneas,

oontain (* a.th.);

prolixity, long-windedneas

to Bwallow up, envelop, wrap up, enwrap

^J.
( s.o.;

of the dark of night); to Bettle

li* (in

J*

(fayya) herein enclosed, horewith


;

flnally,

bury
in

(*

the past),

have done

a letter)

i_Jl

with

s.th. (*

the past {*); to oross,


esp.

covertly; l^Jl

J* j (f. il-gaib) seoretly, J (j) c** (f. -kitmdn)

traverse

s.th.,

a oountry); to

under the seal of Becrecy; 1^1


foll.

(with

cover quiokJy (* the way, the distance,


J(

genit.) in

to);

to spend, pass {* a period of to possess


o.s.,

i-U

fayya

pl. -t fold,

pleat

time);

take

poasesBion

*jLU ju Jj-

to involve, comprise, contain


*-L fiya intention, design
|

(* of), appropriate {* s.th.); pass.

&J*
{*i)

J* fuwiya
or

'al

{=
to

to be folded around

^*

over,

i.e.)

bear (within
|

itself),
I

cJJ he went to
in order to

his destination; he left

harbor, contain, involve s.th.

^ji

do what he had in mind; he

tf_ji

LL (l-arfa fayyan) to rush through a


country;
finished,
flnish;
*-*

went

his

way
|

ULj
be
Le

t$_>U

(bdfah)
to to

to

be

done, oome

an

end,

j^UI J* tSji fawan hunger; mat on an empty stomaoh, without having


eaten
^l
pleat;

ULJl
for

j_>U
all,

Bettle

an

anair
affair;

once

and

wind up an
in

fawiya

pl.

Ij^ fawy

fold,

J* **\yr tSJ* (jawnihah) to


s.th.,

innermost thoughts, real convio-

harbor
heart;

oonceal
*j~jf

s.th.

one's

>

tion, true

mind; intention, design; con-

(Uifj

^>

(ka&hah,
to

science
[j)j^

^UI
foll.

-L* guileless, artleas;

kaShan)

and J*

jJl*

4J0 (sadrah)

(with

genit.) inside, within, in,

harbor or look (a Beeret) in one's boaom,

amid
ljl

keep
with
up,

fl.th,

secret, secrete, oonceal, hide

B.th.; <J*Ju0jj!* (safhatah) to


s.th.,

have done
s.th.,

fawwya

pl. -i frying
pl. jlL

pan

be through with
B.th.; Jl

give
to

i$J*

mafwan
foll.

mafwin pookei
|

abandon

Ji_/Ul

<ji

knife, penknife; pl. folds, pleats

jjlL-

hurry or rush to; JJl


v^j&JI {1-Tn4%ya

^ ^lil
=

tfj

(with

genit.)

inside,

within,

in,

fayya s-njii) to break

with the

paflt, let

bygones be bygones;

amid; *jj^*

inwardly, at heart, in his

bosom
*I_jL*

j^ fawiya a
suffer

(x$J fawan) to be hungry,

mifwh pocket knife, penknife


infiwa"

hunger,

starre

IT

fawiya
AjLJ\
i/

V to coU
folded up,
up,

(anake) VII to be folded, be


in,

Introversion
(nafa) do.

(psych.)

over, or under, be rolled


(over)
;

Jd\

> l>iVi

be turned
etc.)

(page,

leaf),

be

jljLSl infiw'i introverted (psych.)

shut (book,
(time);

to go by, pass, elapse

to

disappear,
;

vanish;

to

be be

j\l fwin starved

jLJl ^jU
|

f.

l-bafn

starved, lean, emaciated


i$J* maftoiy folded up, infolded, rolled

covered

(distance)
(

to

be be

hidden,

oonoealed

ii*^

under),
in)
;

enveloped,

be wrapped (c**
encompass,

to contain, oomprise,

comprehend,
;

embrace,

in-

up, etc.; J* tfj** bearing (within itself), harboring, containing, involving B.th. |

volve, include

J B.th.) to harbor, nurse,


j

J* >LiJl

isjim*

harboring

s.th. in one's

bear (* feelings, esp. hatred, love)

j^UJl

bosom
j!kL*

*- J*

to

withdraw within

o. b.,

be

munfawin:

*-J

J* ^Lu

self-ab-

self-oentered, be introverted

sorbed, low-spirited, depreased


hiding;
(pl.
l

^U
l_jil

fayy

concealment,
|

(^)

^IL

/fca (fib,

i_U

/{6a) to

be good,

o/wd') fold, pleat

<X fayyah and

pleasant,

agreeable;

to be or beoome

; ,

cJ*
delightful, delicious; to

578

please (J s.o.),

i-U

fiba
|

goodness

good
je

nature,

be to

b.o.'b (J)

Uking; to be or become

geniality

^U-

i-1

gladly,

most

ripe, to ripen,; to regain health, recover,

willingly, with pleasure


tjji

recuperate,
(laiialxikum)

oonvalesce

dJ

^jLL-

fb bleesedness, beatitude; Beatof honor of a patriarch ; Chr.)


(eg.)

may your
*-

night be pleasant I

itude

(title

good night
he

C-jLU (na/uAfi)

he was

gay, cheerful, cheery, in good spirits,


feit

<^LL fayb, fiyb


<_jLL fayyb pl.

north wind

happy; je
B.th.
*Jl

->U

(na/aan)

to

-n masseur

give

up

gladly,

renounce

.th.

^J,\ atyob better;

pl.

^Jl\

atyib*

willingly;

*-i

~>IL (na/tfuA)

he had to

the

best

parts

(of

s.th.);

pleasures,

a Uking

for it, it

was to

his taste II

comforta, ameoities; delicacies, dainties

make

{* B.th.) good, pleasant, agreeable,

wjIL*
(e.g.,

mafyib*

comforta,

amenities

delightful, delioloua, or aweet, to sweeten

of life)

{* s.th.); to soent,
B.th.);

perfume

(*,

s.o.

to spiee, season (* food), mull

ijjLL*

mufdyaba

pl.

-t

banter, joke,

{*

wine); to sanitate, improve (* air,


{

jest, teasing

remark
for; Ial.

drinking water); to heal, eure


to massage
{ s.o.)
|

s.o.);

wJlL fSib unobjectionable (J

*^U
*n\

>_-i'

to mollify,
set s.o.'s

Law)
i_~k*

soothe, placate, conciliate

s.o.,

mufayyab bouquet, bunch

(of

mind
added

at

rest;

*\J

<_J

(tarhu)

flowers)

may God make

his earth light (a

eulogy
of a

after mentioning the

name

S-l ftba* Thebes


(j*J}

pious deceased) III to joke, jest, banter,

rLU rha

(faih)

to perish, die

II

to

make
s.th.)
ful,

fun

with

s.o.)

IV to make (*

lose (* s.th.)

good, pleasant, agreeable, delight-

decious, or eweet, to sweeten (*

(jb) jlL tra


fly

(l^

fayarn) to fly; to

s.th.)
_.,J*:^1

V to perfume oj.
istatyaba to find or

_>lLi-l

and

away,

fly off,

t&ke to the wing; to


to be

deem
(*

(AS.th.)

hasten, hurry, rush, fly (Jl to);


in

good,

pleasant,

agreeable,

delightful
s.th.),

a State of commotion, be jubilant,


<_j

delicious,

sweet;

to

Iike

be

exult, rejoiee;

jIL to snatch away,


(s.o., s.th.)
|

fond (* of)

carry away, carry off

Lic jlL

^J
scent,

fib

goodness;
|

(pl.

v^
._-!
/.

u V^>)

Jl (bi-^ayliki) to let one's Imagination

perfume

J^Jl

wander

al-'irq

to;

^-Ul

c~+

jLU

(si/)

his

noble birth,
jauz
af~f.

noble

descent;

<-~UI jj~-

fame spread among people, he became


well-known;
j-'li

nutmeg

jLU (fairuh) to become

angry, blow one's top; <JUU jLU fofJuA)


__L fayyib good; pleasant, agreeable;

to lose one's mind, go crazy;

ilji
r

jlL

delicious ;

gay

well-diaposed,
|

friendly,

Ll*i (*-jj) (/'(WuAfl, rAuAfl Ja* an) his

kindly; well, in good health


/.

jU^I ._1*

al-hq good-natured, genial; **\J\ ..U

mind became confused, he became all mixed up; Uy jlL (farahan) to be beeide
o.s.

sweet-smelling, fragrant, sweet-scented

with joy,
to

be

overjoyed;
s.o.

*Jj

jli

J/Jl

i_^

/.

aX-'irq
/.

highborn, of noble
an-nafs gay, oheer-

(W-/uMi)

drive

out

of

his

descent ; ^-iJl <_J


ful,

mind;
s.o.

j'_*-*>

jlt (bi-fawbihi) to
II to

make
s.th.,

cheery, in high spirits


tayytbt nice, pleasant things;

unconscious

make
to

or let fly

oL_L

(*, s.o., s.th.),

to a

fly,

send up (*

gustatory delights, pleasures of the table

e.g.,

a balloon,

kite) ;

pass

on

67

J
'jJ fayarn
flying, flight; aviation,

promptly, dispatch

posthaste,
(Jl

forward
* s.th.

witbout delay, rush, ehoot


to, eap. a report,

aeronautics j 'ji^ l^ni(6oAiaiw3m"J Btunt


flying;

a message); to knock

^\^

o\jJ* (&rd"i) glider flying,

out
<-\j

(* s.th., e.g.,

an eye, & tooth)


s.o.'s

jj

gliding; ljJJI i-^U- airlines; utjJJl


air force; l jJJI

^^U

(ra'sah)
b.o.

to obop off

head,

j jj

minister of aviation
airfield,

behead

IV to make or
the wind); to

let fly (#,

jlL.

s.o., s.th.),

to fly {* B.th.); to blow

away
V
to

ma/r

pl.

-i

airport

(* s.th.; of

make

{* s.tb.)

Lp

jU- aircraft carrier

disappear at once, dispel (*


see

s.th.)

jlL> ma\ra. airfield, airport

an

evil

omen
be

(j* or

in)

VI to
scatter,

j*L- moflr airfield, airport

be

scattered,

dispersed,

disperse, Bpread, diffuse; to be exuded,


rise (fragrance);
fly

jJJ tafayyur pessimism


y*U f'r flying; flyer, aviator, pilot;
(pl.
j-'IUI

to fly apart, fly about,


(esp.

in

all

directions

sparks); to

-t,

jj fair) bird;

omen, presage
|

vanish,

disappear,

be dispelled
fly (* B.th.);

to

^C graveneas, sedateness; J\U\

make

fly,

cause to

to

knock

^*JJ

J* (maimn) good luckl Godspeedl on a journey);

(* s.th.)

out of

s.o.'b

hond; to alarm

(said to s.o. setting out


yii j\] (fffiruh) to

or upset seriously (s.o.), agitate, excite


(*, b.o.,

s.th.);

=
|

become angry, blow

VI; pass.

jvlc*-l

ustu*

one's top
Ij-'U

fira

tobe

terrified

*U*

jvWl-I ('aqluh) to

go out of one's mind (with astoniahment


Jj-'IU!

faira

pl.

-t airplane,
((.)

aircraft

or fright) plane;
j-if

JL,

J* (matni
(bahriya)

aboard the

air-

by

(air)plane

(e.g.,

traveling);

fair (coli,

and

n. un.) pl. j^J fuyr,

lij*

ijfU

seaplane;

yU
*

jUl afyr birds, bird; augury, omen; j^J poultry; fowl


|

iijji (dauriya) (short-range) rcconnais-

i-jU- j^J predatory

sance plane, Observation plane -*lj^


;

y'U*

birds, birds of prey;

j^UI

i *ilm af-f.

(r'iya)
f.

Bauplne, glider; fejlLlI lj\l


fighter,

ornithology;
na,
/at'ra)

j*L!l

j^-jjj J* o\f (ka'an-

al-mufrada

pursuit

plane,

motionless or silent with awe

interceptor;

<ji>^ iy'U ('amdxya) heli-

jJ

/atm

commotion, agitation (of

copter; JLl i^'U ght bomber,

combat

anger, wrath); flight; female bird


jj
fira,

plane;

Jliil

j-'

/.

al-muqtala do.;

o,>Ui;vi
fiyara evil

;;it or

omen, portent,

o Q

v->uai s,U
j-'U
Ij-'U /.

dive bomber; *Jl> lj\ seaplane;

foreboding

Lu
fleeting;

(nqtfafa) jet plane;

JUI

on-

jLL fayyr flying; evanescent,


ing;
(pl.

naj/ transport (plane);

olj-'WI <1*U-

volatile (liquid); floating, wafting, hover-

and

O oljTlUI

Uli aircraft carrier

-n) flyer, aviator, pilot


oils;

jLL

volatile

Jjl

^_nj jLL (awwal) a


|

.^Ll*

mutafayyir pessimist
mustafir imminent, impending,

military rank, approx.:

first

lieutenant

of the Air Force

(Eg.

1939);

oU jU

threatening (of disaster); scattered, diBpersed;

(tnin) approx.: second lieutenant of the

spread

out,

spread

all

over,

Air Force (Eg. 1939)


_)U

scattered about; widespread; pessimist


-t

tayyra

pl.

aviatrix,

womftn
|

(lt^*) ts^* f&*

(/aW, oltA* tayain) to be


fickle,

pilot; airplane, aircraft; kite (toy)

IjLU

inconstant,

changeable,

light-

V^iJ

(riytfiya) sport plane; Uli*

JjLL

headed, thoughtless, heedless, frivoloua,


reckleas,

(qagtfa) bomber; iJ\+ IjLt seaplane

undecided, confused, helpless,

J
aimless, desultory; to miss the

580

mark

(of
(je-

uJuk fai/

pl.

JiLUI o/yd/f JijgU /uyfl/


vision,
;

an arrow, also ,y>)l

,}*);

to stray

fantasy, phantasm;

apparition;

from the

target), miss (^*


|

a Bpot,

o.g.,

phantom, specter, ghost speotrum {phys.}

said of the hand)

4*4-

^^

(AmuA)

JJ

taifl speotral,

speotrosoopio
|

to be on the wrong traok, bark

np the
<JiLU*
,^11

wrang
*i\j**

tree,

be unsuoeeBsful,

fail;

mifydf

spectrosoope

<JUw

(eaw&buh) to lose one's head

j_>-- (muiawtot'r)

speotrograph

^i^L fa inoonstaney, fioklenesa; reoklessnesa, heedlessness, rashneas;

<LL see Jjt

thought-

OlLU failas&n

pl.

3-JLW faylisa a shawl-like

lessness; lightheadedness, levity, frivolity

garment worn over head and Shoulders


i>U
II

0lil fayakln inoonstaney, fickleness;


reoklesaness,

heedlessness,

rashness;

to daub or ooat with olay (* B.th.)

thoughtleasness; lightheadedness, levity,


frivolity

j>U fto

pl.

OLUl ofydn olay, potter's


|

olay, argil; soil; basis, foundation

,j*LII

LU

fiySa

inoonstaney,
heedlessneBs,

fiokleness;

jjJ^I (Jfaxafl) kaolln, poroelain clay; jlj

reoklessnesa,

raahness;

j ,>UI zdda

t-tina

baakm, iL
worse,

,>Lll

jlj

thoughtlesaness; lightheadedness, levity,


frivolity

to

make

things

aggravate

or

oomplicate the Situation


fd*il

^UlL
fiokle;
less,

ineonstant,

ohangeable,

i-1

f Ina

olay,

potter's

olay,

argil
B.th.

lightheaded, frivolous; thought*

stuff, material,
is

substance (of which

heedless, reokless; undeoided, con-

made)

kind, speoifio charaoter, dispo-

fused, perplexed, helpless; aimlesA, desultory, purposelesa


(,JuL) JIL fd/a i (faij) to
in his sleep (of

sition, Constitution,

nature
oarrier,

LW
appear to
carrier
s.o. (-<)

fayyn

mortar

hod

a specter)

j-U fayytin Iinula

(bot.)

J*

U fd*

name

of the letter

brt

witty, fall of esprit polish {*,


t

to adorn, em-

belliah,

s.o., B.th.),

impart

jtU ft*r wet nuxse

ohftrra (*, to s.o., to B.th.); to


B.th.)

put

(*

jt

?oAy

pl.

Lt %ib* gazeile (Gazella doroas)


pl.

into

an envelope, oover

or wrap,

to envelop,

wrap up, oover

{* B.th.)

to

<Ji fabya

fabayi female gazeile


flint

jt fr sharp-edged stone,

oharm or eleganoe, display affeotedness; to show o.s. elegant, witty, fll


afTect

of esprit VI

V;

to

deem

or find

jL^

faribn, %irbn pl. Jul^U fardbin1 , j\Ji

(*,

a.o., s.th.)

elegant, oharming, adroit,

fardbiy poleoat, fitohew

witty, eto.
farfa)

Ctjm yoru/o u

(far/,

iiljl

to

be

Jj)i farf eleganoe, graoefulness, graoe,


chario; cleverness, resourcefulness; wit-

oharming, chio, nice, elegant, neat; to

S81

>
conquer,

tiness, eaprit;

(pl.

Ctjji furf) vessel,


oovering,

vanquish,

defeat,

overcome,

receptacle,

oontalner;

wrap,

cover;

(letter)

onvelope; capsule, case;

surmount, overwhelm (J* or w s.o., s.th.), get the better J* or <_ of s.o., of (
s.th.); to Beize

(gram.) adverb denoting place or time;


pl.

(J* or

<_

s.o., s.th.),

take

Jjjjf circumstances, oonditions

J*J**

or t^Ji
~<}u-

within, in a (given) period of;

possession (J* or i_* of s.o., of s.th.); to get, obtain, attain, achieve, gain, win

J*jJ* {muJfajfifa) and >JljcI1 Jj J* extenuating circumstances; o* Jtjji


(muSaddida) aggravating oircumstances;
J>jJiA\ k-^ bi-hasabi z-z. aocording to

(J*

or

<-

s.th.)

II

to

grant viotory

to s.o. over), make (* s.o.) (J* or triumph, render ( s.o.) victorious (J* or <_ over) IV II; TI to ally, enter

circumstanoee, depending on the circumstances


jjfc far/t adverbial
|

into
forces

an aiance or confederacy, join


{

J* against)
zu fr,
zxfr pl. jlifcl azfr,

SJ^U

(&#

jjit zufur,
azdfir*,

^LUI

yna) or

j^k JJi circumstantial evidence


f.

joLlil

azfir'
|

nail,

fingernail;

toenail; claw, talon


iju Ji *arf/ pl. Lijt zuraf*',
zar'if*
fll

jUtl
his

<*_pw (-L. or)

JJljfc

j*

from (the days


jiUl

of)

earliest youth,

elegant,

graoeful,

charming
since his earliest youth or adolesoenoe;

of eeprit, witty, nice, fine


zarfa
elegance,
gracefulnesa,

>U

youthful, of tender age

*i\Ji

graee, charm; eaprit, wittiness

j&
jjt

zafar victory, triumph


zq/ir

victorious,

succeBsful,

tri

iJu^LS iazrxf wittiness, brilliant

and

umphant;
(Mj.)

(pl. \jiHb)

young man, youth

witty manner
t^tjij

tazarruf

gracefulnesa,

grace,
jjjiiil

u?/flr

pl.

jjltl

axflr*

nail,

elegance, charm, wittiness, eaprit


*^tjjk*

fingernail, toenail; claw, talon

mazrf

pl.

ijujlk.

maxrxf*

jiU* zfir victorious, cessful; victor,

triumphant; suc-

envelope

conqueror

Jsjku mutazarrif elegant, dandy, fop


Jtji^m

jj&*

muzaffar victorious, succesaful,

mustazraf

elegant

tjli^l

triumphant

*ijr~* luxury articlee, fanoy gooda

JU zaUa
j*U m'ana a (za'n) to move away, leave, depart j*U
za'n
zulvl)

(Ist pers. perf. zaliltu)

(tau, JjlU>

to

be

to

beoome

turn

into,

grow
departure,
start,

into; (with

foll.

imperf., participle

journey,

trek (esp. of a caravan)


<~jii za'xna pl.

or J*:) to continue to do s.th., go on doing s.th., perBevere in doing s.th.,


stick to s.th., remain, persist in, e.g.,

j*i zuun, Utl az'n

-Jl

j,SC_j

JU (yaakunu

l-baita)

he con-

camel-borne sedan chair for women; a

tinued to live in the house; b*L# Jk he

woman

in

Buch a sedan

remained

silent, persisted in his silence;

j^U z'in ephemeral, transient, transitory

Juj- Jp JU (mau^t/) to
Standpoint
or
(*,

persist
II

in

a a
to

attitude

to

shade,
cast

overshadow
jjt
zafira

s.o.,

s.th.),

(zafar)

to

be

sucoessful,

shadow

(*,

over

s.o.,

over

s.th.);

suoceed, be victorious, be triumphant;


to

screen, shelter, protect (*,

s.o., s.th.);

gain

victory

(J*

or

<-

over),

to preserve, guard,

maintaln, keep up

Jk
(* B.th.)
sit

682

IV

II;

to be Bhaded
of)
suxl

v by),
V; to

^lfc

?oZa'o a ($aT) to limp,

walk with a limp,

in the

shadow (u
from the

=
(._

walk lamely
JUi fdK' lame
Jtik
ik
?iZ/ pl.

protect

o.s.

by or
(_*

through
of
s.th.),

B.th.),

hide in the shadow

seek the shadow

(^

of B.th.);

Jijlk zidf, j^fcl ozid/ oloveu hoof


i

to place o.b.

under the protection or


(->),

patronage of uge with

s.o.

seek ahelter or ref-

zatama
evil; to

(zalm, zvim) to

do wrong or
ill-treat,

s.o. (<-j),

be under the patronage


b.o.
(_*)

wrong, treat unjustly,


beset,
{*

or protection of

oppress,

hrm,

suppress,

tyr(

JU ziU
oildZ

pl.

J^k

annize
?/#, Jjlfc zidQl, J^lil

s. o . ) ,

commit

outrage

shadow,

shade,

umbra;
semblance,

upon

s.o.);

to act the tyrant, act ty-

ahelter,

protection,
slightest

patronage;

rannicalTy (* toward or against a.o.);

shading,

hue; zalima a and IT to be or grow dark,


trace,

indication,

glimpse(of s.th.);tangent (geom.)


(with
foll.

dusky, gloomy, murky, tenebrous, dark|

genit.)

JU j under the protection

en, darkle

to oomplain (,> of, about)

or patronage of, under the auspices of;

VII and VIII


justice,

^1 izzalama to

suffer in-

under the sovereignty of ; JU * under the protection or patronage of, under


the
auspices of;
(of
Jlkll

be wronged

ib

zulm

wrong; iniquity;
unfairness ;

injuatioe,
reUlli

J-

insufferable,

inequity ,
preaaion,

oppresaion,

repugnant
likable,

a person);

Jl
-dii

J-i*Jitl-l

suppresaion,

tyranny;

nice (of a person);

zidman unjustly, wrongfully


Uli
ji

(wiof^aJa)
sufferable,

to

difllike

s.o.,

find a.o.

in

zidma

pl.

-f,

zvlvmt, zvlamt,
duskineaa, gloom,
j.

unbearable,

bore;

,j*&
it

zulam

darkness,
|

*Ul dj^li or)

tagaHapa zluh. his prestige


de-

murkiness

oLiUI

bahr

az-z.

the

or authority faded, diminished;


creased,

Atlantic Ooean

diminished,

dwindled

away,
Ufc zalmS* darkness
|

waned
iU

.Ufc

ZJ

(laiia)

zua

pl.

Jit ntfoZ awning, marquee,

pitch-dark night

oanopy, aheltering hut or tent, ahelter;


shack, shanty; kiosk, stall; beach chair
J~IL zalxl shady, shaded,

1^ zalm darkness, duskineaa, gloom,


murkiness

umbrageous
JUi*

*"& zalim evildoer, villain, malefactor,


rogue, sooundrel, tyrant, oppressor
^LU
ostrich

k mizaa, mazalla
ahade; awning;
ikil

pl. -dt,

ma*
-l

zlP umbrella, parasol, aunshade;

lamp
j

zaltm

pl.

ULU

zilmn

male

veranda, porch

*%d

al-m.

Feast of Tabemacles,
Jlj Ji. (wdgtya) parado.;
iiikil

Sukkoth (Jud.);
chute;

i.^ zulma

pl.

-t

misdeed, wrong,

iLU UL.
mtzat

gX*- jundi
paratrooper
pl.

iniquity, inj ustice, outrage


IUI

al-m. pl. (U.I)


Jik*

o^Lii
pl.

j^i*.

azlam* darker, duskier, gloomier,


viler,

-an paratrooper;

murkier; a

more infamous, more

paratroopa, airborne troopa


JUl.
muzallil

heinous villain

Bhady,

shadowy, um-

Uiiu mozlima

pl. Jlk.

mazdlim* mis-

brageous, Bhading, ctfuaing


Jli-

ahadow

deed, wrong, iniquity, act of injustioe,

muzl ahady, shadowy, umbra-

outrage
ViAfcl

geous, shading, causing

shadow

izlm darkness, gloom

; ;

683

>
have a good opinion of
of
Uli s.o.,

JLi

ziim

pl.

-fln,

/>Ui

zum, Uli

think well

zaiama unjust, unfair, iniquitous, tyrannical, oppressing; tyrant, oppressor; of-

s.o.
*i

v jLII
of

jr-^-l

(aksana z-zanna) do.


s.o.,

*U
ill

to have a low opinion of


s.o.;
<->

fender, transgressor, sinner


jili-

think
unJl

jlill

UI (o*a"a) do.

mazlm wronged,

ill-treated,

zannt resting on mere assumption,

juatly treated, tyrannized


iL*

presumptive, supposed, hypothetioal

muzlim

dark,

dusky,

gloomy,

et

zinna

pl.

jUi

ztnan

suspicion,

tenebrous,
^fc

murky
(ufc

misgiving
^>iU

jamta a

?ama', Uli zam', Uli


II

zanfo

suspicioiiB,

suspect(ed)
re-

^am'a) to thirst, be thirsty


( s.o.) thirst I
?'*',

to

make

unreliable,

untrustworthy (J* with

gard to); a suBpeot


zania'

Ut

and

Lt zamd'

j^i zann suspicious, distrustful


<Ji*

thirst
l*l

moztnna

pl. oLL.

maznn1 time
where
s.th.
its

tarn

an2

f.

jLfc zam*d thirsty

or place where one ezpeots s.th.; (with


foll.

genit. or auffix) place


is

i/U zmt' thirsty

or s.o.

presumably to be found,
location,

jli

zanna
to

(lBt pera. perf. zanantv)

(zann)

most
giving

likely
it

the

most

likely

think,

believe,

asaume,

presume,

place for
J

(or
*JlL.

him) to be; suspicion, mis-

suppose {*

s.th.); to hold, think,


* * s.o.

deem,

<:

,.*ll

looked for
find

consider (* or

to be

s.o.

or B.th.;

him

where I

expected

to

him,
in

* * s.th. to be s.th.); to suspect (u* or

where he presumably was;

*ilL

j* j

b.o.)
|

Jju

*ili

to think s.o. capable

places where he couldn't possibly be

of doing s.th., believe of s.o. that he

jJi*

maznn

supposed,

preaumed,

would do

s.th.;

l-U-l

jbl

V {ahadan

assumed; suspicious, suspeot(ed)

yunkirv) I don't think that anyone can

deny; JiJUc
believe that

iLlil V (tuklifuni) I don't you oan contradict me; Ji

Vj~t zunbb
_^k zahara a
visible,

pl.

i^uhJi zanbib* shinbone


zuAr) to be or beoome
distinet,

J*

Ij-Ull

_*

(ywaVato) he oonsidered
yiJl
j

him

(jj^

capable of...;
think UI of
s.o.;

jU

perceptible,

manifest,
(J

(zunfina) to
clear,

apparent,

s.o.,

have a low opinion of


to
(jaAiJ'a)

evident,

obvious

UJl

*j

^U

s.o.),

to suspect s.o.
( s.o.)

of stupidity IV to suBpect
surmise, form conjectures

itself,

come to light, appear, manifest come into view, show, emerge,


s.o.);

to

crop up; to appear, seem (J to

to

break out (disease); to come out; to

J* zann
doubt,
oz-z.

pl.

jyj; zunn opinion, idea, view,


belief,
|

appear, be published (book, periodical);


to arise, result (jclimb,

asaumption,

supposition j_**"

from);
to

to aacend,

uncertainty
;

jUI

kuan
oz-z.

mount

s.th.);

gain

the

good opinion

jUI
jjlill

_^-

low opinion, distrust;


jkJl ^S'i
l jlif
I

._-UI

or

upperhand, to triumph (J* over), get the better (J* of), overoome, over-

most probably, most


very likely that

likely; j*S"l
;

whelm, oonquer, vanquish (J*

s.o.);

to

it is

. . .

l *l> LlU

(zannan)
^

Bince

he believed that...; L

get (J* B.th.) into one 's power; to gain or have knowledge of), come to

(J*

iLU

(zannuifca)
ai

what

is

one to think

know

(J*.

s.th.),

become
(J*>

acquainted

of...;

lU

j-. {Aa*una zannuA) to

(J* with); to

know

s.th.); to learn,

584

receive Information

(Je about); to learn (Je

to be
fl.th.)

entirely, oompletely;

_wdi

j^*i 6t-?.

>I-

cognizant
II

(Je of);

aib

behind

s.o.'s

back,

insidiously,

to endorse (* a
assifit,

bill

of ezchange) III to
(

treaoheroualy; secretly, stealthily, olandestinely;

help,

aid,

support

s.o.)

IY to
show,

A^l

in their midst, a-

make
light,

visible,

make
disolose,

apparent,

demonstrate, present, produce, bring to


expose,
divulge,
reveal,

mong them; U^ti &* ,> from our midst, from among us; jfi Je on (e.g.,
on the ground, on the water,
y-UI on board the steamer;
(?.

eto.),
i^lll

manifest,

announce,

prociaim,

make

_^t Je _^U j*
joi^

known, expound,

Bet forth (# s.th,); to

-qalb),
(z.

^Jij^ije.(f. qalbin) or _*U j*

develop (# film; phoU); to grant victory


(Je

^~jl\

iLgaib)

by

heart;

oij_^

Ho

s.o.

over),

render victorioua

(mustafcdam) temporary employee

(J* s.o. with B.th.),

over); to acquaint (Je


initiate (Je

s.o.

j^i zuhr
(f.)

pl. jLjtl

azhr noon, midday;

s.o.

into s.th.),
(

midday prayer
afternoon,

(Ial.

Law)
_*yi

_^WI
|

ju

in

give knowledge or Information


s.o.

J*

to

the

p.m.;

JJ

in the

about), inform, enlighten (Je

s.o.

forenoon, a.m.

about), explain (Je


let ( s.o.) in

to

s.o.

s.th.); to
( b.o.)

on

s.th. (Je),

make

^j^
s.th.,

zihrl:

\ij& (*~J*)
B.th.,

*?*

t0

P*y no

realize (Je s.th.); to

to

s.o.

s.th.);

show, reveal (Je * to axtioulate fully VI to

attention

to

not to care about

disregard s.th.

manifest, display,
hibit,

show outwardly, ezto feign, affect,


act as
if,

_n^U zahlt helper, assistant, aid, sup-

parade

(<->

s.th.);

porter; partisan, backer;

back

(in soccer);

pretend, simulate

(^

s.th.),

{mor.) decree, edict, ordinance

make out as if (t->); to demonstrate, make a public demonstration; to help one another, make common cause (Je
against)

jj^i

ruAr

appearance

visibity,

conspiououBness ; pomp, splendor, show,


ostentation, window-dressing
|

jj^WI
love

<^*-

to show, demonstrate, expose

hubb

az-z.

ostentatiousness,
J-e 'ldaz-z.

of

(* s.th.); to memorize, learn

by heart
( <_j

pomp; j^UJl

Epiphany

{Chr.)

{* B.th.); to

know by
assistance,

heart (# s.th.); to
or

seek
with),
(._j

help,

support

jl^Ul az-zahrn Dhahran (town in


extensive
-fji^+t
oil

appeal for help, for aasistance


s.o.);

region of

Saudi Arabia)

to

to

overcome,

surmount,
midst,

ju baina tahrnaihim in their

conquer, vanquish (J* s.o., s.th.), have or gain the upperhand (J# over), get the
better (Je of)

among them
a

ijlfi zthdra outside, right side (of

garment); blanket
j^ zahr cast iron
|

(o.g.,

of

a mule)

ij^i-i

_^k and .U.W


j^i
zahira

^1

see^j

noon,

midday, midday

heat

athur jfi zahr pl. jj^i zuhr, baok; rear, rear part, rear side, reverse;
flyleaf;

^l

>^UI

azhar*

more

distinct,

more mani-

deck (of a steamer); upper part,

fest, olearer

top, surface;
eg.)

olj_^t zuhrt

(as

a genit.;
|

j^- mazhar pl. ^*Uk* mazdhir* (external)


appearance,
external

pro tempore, provisional, temporary


*\

make-up,

guise

jjil\

aUailat

az-i.

spine,

ver-

outward bearing, comportment, oonduct,


behavior; exterior, look(s), sight, view;

tebral

column; jlJ

[^

zahran li-bafnin
--5*

upside down, topsy-turvy;


i'aqib)

J*

[^

semblanoe,

aspect;

bearer

or

object

from the ground up,

radically,

of a phenomenon, object in which s.th.

u
manifests
itself;

phenomenon; Symptom
|

exterior,

outward; seeming, presumed,


alleged;
outside,
exterior,

(med.); pl. manifeatations, expresaions

ostensible,

U-l ^LL. m. al-hayh manifeatations of


life (biol.);

surface; outskirts, periphery (of a oity);

^til

externally, in

outward

(gram.) Substantive;

(pl. j*\j)* zatvkiri )

appearance, outwardly

external senae, literal meaning (apecif.,

j^i

tazhir

endorsement, transfer by

of Koran and Prophetic Tradition); l^*U


zdhiran externally, outwardly; seemingly,

endorsement (of abl ofexohange; com.)


jlfli zihr

presumedly, ostensibly, allegedly


pre-Islamic form of divorce,
Jxlll

^*U

z. al-lafz

the

literal
it

meaning of an
it

conaisting in the words of repudiation:

expresaion; l ^*lk)i

seems,

appears

you are to me
(jl
j^iS"

like

my

mother's back

that

^*Uill

^*- kasaba z-z. in outward


externally,

J* cJl anti 'alayya ka-zdhri

appearance,
_^UiJI

outwardly

ummx)
S^Ui*

apparently, obviouBly, evidently;

j j

muzhara
(pl. -t)

assistance,

support,

_^Udl

and j-^l

jhtti

(z.

il-amr) aeen

backing;
rally

(public) demonstration,

outwardly,

externally;

outwardly;

jh UJl from outside


izhr

j l^ii

presentation ,

exposition

jy zhiri outer, outside, external,


exterior,

demODBtration, exhibition, disclosure, expoaure,


revelation, announcement, dec-

outward; superficial; Zabiritic,

interpreting the
literal

Koran according to

its

laration, manifestation, diaplay; develop-

meaning
zhira
pl.

ing (phot.)

ytU

_^1jt

zatvkir*

phe-

j*Uw Uvfhur diBsimulation, feigning,


pretending, pretension ;
(pl. -t)

nomenon, outward sign or token, external

Symptom
al-hayh
<lji?
I

or indication
biologioal
t^*
*

hypocrisy,

Li-1

dis-

j*\J*

z.

phenomena
?'?*

(biol.);

semblance;

(public) demonstra-

tio^

rally

j*!A"

*' ltt

ol-jawwiya

meteorology;^*l_^>ll

^w (zatwJAiro) to keep
demonstrator

^*U zhir (of God) mastering, knowing

up appearanoes
yUii* mtazhir pl. -An
IL ja*

(J* s.th.); visible, peroeptible, distinct, manifest, obvious, conspicuous, clear,


patent,

evident,

apparent

external,

name

of the letter

ir

c-

'a&ba

gulp

u {'06) down (*

to drink in large draughte,


s.th.);

L* 'aba'a a with negation;


no attention
to,

_<

Le L not to

to pour down, toss

care about, not to give a hoot for,


to,

pay

down

(* a drink); to lap up, drink avidly

attach no importance
|

(* s.th.)
(_-*

not to

insist

on

<j

L*j

^ (yu'ba'u) un-

'ubb, 'ibb breast pocket


f.

important, insignificant; *jU


ferent,

indif-

unconcerned
s.th.);

II

to

prepare,

i_jL* 'ubb

torrents, floods; waves,

arrange (*
a.tb.); to

to array, set

up

(*

billows

mobilize, call
fill,

up

(1j*-

jaiian

V_**d ya'bb torrential river

an army); to

pack

(l^ * s.th. with);

586

to load, charge
off,

(._*

* B.th. with); to
s.th.

draw

rageous; offender, transgressor, evildoer,


ainner
1 .L*

decant (j *

into),

bottle (*

s.th.)

'abada u {oLt 'ibda, jj-* *ubda,


'vbdiya) to serve, worahip
adore, venerate
( s.o.,

*j^*

>w *
(

'ib'

pl.

L*!

a'W

load,
|

brden

a god),

J*

on),

encumbrance ( J*
jU all

to)

oLl^l w*

a god or

human
to

''.

al-ilbt

brden of proof
to take
all

(jur.);

o*V

or

being), idolize, deify ( s.o.) II to enslave,


enthrall,

L^JS*

Lt^L
carry

burdens upon

subjugate, Bubjeci

s.o.);

o.a.,

burdens

improve,

develop,

make

serviceable,

L*
like

'ab*

pl.

1^1 o'W'o aba, cloak-

woolen wrap (occasionally striped)


'aji'a
pl.

make passable for traffio (* a road) V to devote o.s. to the Service of God X to enslave, enthrall, subjugate
( B.O.)

Lt

- aba, a

cloak-like,

woolen wrap (occasionally striped)


.L*.

'abd

pl.

-u* 'abid, I-Lp 'ubdn,

~*Lm

ta'bta

mobilization ;
off,

drafting,

'ibdn Blave, serf;


bottling
(pl.

bondsman, servant;

conscription ; Alling, drawing

iL* 'ibd) servant (of God),

human
-L*Jl

jU

'bi* see

under verb

being,
ii

man;

jLJI humanity,
I

mankind

.uJl

=
do.
.l*,

(form

of

modesty);

-* 'aba
in

{'abat) to fool

around, indulge
i_j4-*-iJl

horseplay,

commit a

folly;

to play,
frivs.o.,

joke, jest

olous
s.th.);

(^ witb); to toy, play a game (>_* with), mock (i_*


s.th.,

tfj^

^j^-l*

'abdaun

(eg.)

variety of melon
J-* 'abda pl. -t
girl,

to play (abaent-mindedly), fidget,


e.g.,

wouian

Blave, Blave

fuss,

dawdle, fiddle (^ with


talking);

bondwoman
1>r

while
(

to

handle,

manipulate
jL* 'abbd:
*a.

s.th.),

tinker

(i-t

s.th.);

(^ with); to abuse to commit an offenae (l-


(>->

iJl

jL* and

1>r

Ul

iL*

aS-Sama sunflower
L.)

(Helianthus

an-

against), violate

s.th.),

infringe, en-

nuus

croach

(._*

upon); to impair, injure


o.s.,

(^

3jL*

'ibda

worship, adoration, ven-

s.th.) III

to amuse

make
with

fun, play

eration; devotional Service, divine Service

around, banter, dally


(

b.o.),

tease
(

(Chr.); pl. -t acta of devotion,

re-

s.o.),

play a trick, prank or joke

ligious

observances

{Jsl.

Law)

on

s.o.)

*+* 'ubda humble veneration, homworahip; slavery,


Berf-

ii_ji

'abat

(frivoloua)

play;

pastime,
Li-*

age, adoration,

amusement;
'aba^an
in

joke,

jest;

mockery;
to

dom;

servitude,

bondage

vain,

futilely,
|

no

avail,
it
is

uBelessly, fruitleesly
foolish

l
;

-JI j.

4jj_j-*

'ubvdiya

humble

veneration,
serf-

and
I

useless to

. . .

lk>l li^ jxJ j

homage, adoration, worship; slavery,

*_f

( istaf'a,

yujibah)

b ut

he

dom;

servitude,

bondage
.uU* ma'bid* place of

couldn't give

him an answer
pl. -t teaeing,

Im
joke or
jest.u-*j

ma'bad

pl.

jU, mu'baia

worship; house of God, temple

prank played on

s.o.;

funmaking,

iabxd enslavement, enthrallment,


paving,

ing, banter, raillery

subjugation, subjection;

pave-

d-tU

*b%i

joking, jooular;

mocking,

ment j^Ut
|

J-*j"

'.

af-tvruq road construc-

Bcomful; frivoloua; wanton, wicked, out-

tion

; ;

687

J*
jf-

Um

ta'abbud

piety,

devoutness,

de-

'abr

crossiug,

trarersing, transit;
(prep.)
aoross,

votion, worahip; hagiolatry, worship or


oult of saints (Chr.)

passage;

fording;

'abra

over; beyond,

on the other

aide of

jLmsJ istCbdd enslavement, enthrall-

jyx. 'vbr orosaing, traversing, transit;

ment, subjugation
bl
r

passage; fording

ibid

pl.

-n,

iL* 'vbbdd,

!-u

jy
tfj^

'ablr

fragrance,

scent,

perfume,

'abada worshiper, adorer

aroma; bouquet (of wine)


'ibri

ij~~ ma'bd worshiped, adored; deity,

Hebrew, Hebraio;
jjvJI

(pl. -fln)

godhead; idol

a Hebrew; jj^JI or

Hebrew, the

Hebrew language j^m


ma'bda
ladylove,

adored

woman
47

s* 'abra ij*
'ibra

pl. 'abart,
r

ja

'ibar tear

pl.

muabbad

_r*

ibar

admonition,
or

passable,

smooth, im-

monition,
terring)

warning;

(warning

derule,

proved (road)
o-jC*

example, lesson; advice,

muia'abbid pious, devout; pious

precept (to be foUowed); oonsideration


befitting
a.th.;

worshiper (Chr.)

that whioh

haa to be

oonsidered, be taken into oonsideration

lx* 'abadn* Abadan (island and town

in

W Iran,
j#
'abara

or

account,
of

that

which

is

of

consedecisive

oil

oenter)

quenoe,
or

importanoe,
|

B.th.

('abr,

jj-l 'vbr) to oross, tra-

oonsequential

*j+5\

jl*j*

maufin

verse (* s.th.); to ford {* s.th.),


(*

wade
or

al-'i.
**.

the salient point, the cruoial point

through

a.th.);

to

Bwim

(*

s.th.

Jf-

('ihrata) it

deserves no attention,

aoroas s.th.); to pasa (* over B.th.); to


ferry (* a river,

it is

of no oonsequenoe;
faotor(s)
is

joru j*S\
it is

the
is

and the
fade,

like); *

<i

j*

to

orucial

(are)...,

decisive of

carry
elapse

s.o.

aoroas or over s.th.; to pass,

(are)...; jl

j* V (li-man)
if s.o.
. .

no

(Urne),
die,

d windle; to pasa

oonsequenoe

away,

depart;

'abira a

r (

abar)

jLc 'ibra
pretation;

pl.

-t

explanation, Interexpreasion, diotion;

to ahed tears II to Interpret (* a dream);

mode of
ifjrf-l

to atate olearly, declare, asaert, utter,


expreas, voice (j* a.th.). give expreasion
(je-

word ; Bentenoe,
expreasion
|

clause,
IjL-w

phrase,

idiom,

(ukr) in other

s.th.

to & feeling); to designate (^ je with or by) to determine the


;

words, expressed otherwise; jt** jL*


'ibratan fa-'ibraian sentence
tenoe,
in;

by

Ben-

weight of a coin

(*),

weigh

a ooin)

word by word;

Vm
to

^ IjL*

conaisting

to be taught a lesson, be warned;

tantamount

to, equivalent to,

mean-

learn

lesson,

take

warning,

to

ing...

learn, take

an example {<- from); to oon-

jlj*
Hebrew;

'ibrm

Hebrew,

Hebraic;

sider, weigh, take into acoount or consider-

jljwJI or <\j<+l\

Hebrew, the

ation (* s.th.), allow,


(* for s.th.); to
(*)

make

allowanoes

Hebrew language
jm- ma'bar
point,
pl.

aoknowledge a quality
to deem, regard, take
as),

in
*,

s.o.

(J);

_/U

ma'bir* orosaing

(*

s.o.,

s.th.

look (*

*,

at

orossing, traverse, passage(way)

s.th. as);

to esteem, honor, revere, value,

ford; pass, pass road, defile;


j*

lobby

respect, hold in

esteem

s.o.),

have

mi'bar

pl.

_/U. ma'bir*

medium

regard

( for s.o.)

to shed teara,

weep

for crossing, ferry, ferryboat; bridge

;,

J*
jw
ta'bir Interpretation (f a

dream)

elapsed

(time);

(pl.

-fln)

passer-by

assertion, declaration, expression, utter-

oIjJl j\*

rjj\-+

interoontinental

anoe (jt of a feeling);


(in

(pl.

St) expression
(pl.
j*jI*j

ballistio misBile,

ICBM
j*

general,

also

artistio);

ta'bir2 )

/ mu'abbir Interpreter (^ of feelings)


expressive,
Bignifioant
|

(linguiatio)

expression, phraae,
in other words,

term

_^-T
|

j^i

^j

(raqt)

(Jfar)

interpretative danoing

expressed otherwise
(j^r-

tabiri expresBional, expressive,

G
l

sjjf- (hij.)
j* 'abtua
%

muBket, gun
fai,

emotive

^j*
to
|

'vbfti)

to frown,
lower,
,j-**

jL^I
esteem;

i'tibr respect, regard, deference,


(pl.

knit

one'a

brows;

glower,

-t)

oonsideration, regard;

soowl,

look ternly

<&-j

to
s.o.

reflection,

contemplation; approach, outof view,

give
II B.

s.o.

an angry look, bcowI at

look,

point

view

J
to,
of,

IjL^I

(^

or) (i'tibran)
to,

with respect

with
con-

^j** 'aha frowning, scowling; gloomy,


diamal,

regard

in

oonsideration

melancholy;

stern,

austere;

Bidering..., in

view of
. .

(s.th.)j
.,

from, as
effektive

of,

beginning

i> LAr*' starting with


. . .

ominouB

from...

(with

foll.

indication
reapeot to,
of,

^j^
iness;

'ubs gloominess, gloom, drearsternness,


austerity,
severity,

of time);

*^\ j^Li with


to,

with

regard

in

oonsideration

gravity
***j*

considering..., in
jl

view of

(s.th.); jLs*L

'ubaa

frown,

scowl;

glower,

bi-Hibri

an considering

(the

fact)

gloomy

look, a gloomy, morose, sullen or

that...,

with regard to the faot that...,

stern mien

in view of the faot that...; provided


that..., with the proviso that...; jL^Ij
aa, in

^U
^U-

'abbdsi

Abbaside;

(pl.

-fln)

an

terms
jol

of, in

the oapacity

of, e.g.,

Abbaside
*b%8 frowning, scowling;

*\jjj\

jU^Lj Sjj-jU-M

jjj (aqdama U
in

gloomy,

wuzar'%)

the
of

Foreign Minister
senior-ranking

bis

morose, sullen; austere, stern, severe

oapacity
jLip^I

minister;

\X$ from this Standpoint, from


Ol jl~*1

sf

'abif pl.

LL* 'vbafd* 1 stupid, imbecile,

this viewpoint;

J*

considering

idiotio, silly, foolish

(the

fact)

that...,

with regard to the

lifU) i'tibdfan at
ly, arbitrarily

random, haphaxard-

faot that..., in view of the fact that...;

onthe assumption
from
point; jU*l

that...; jlr**!/l

U* J*

this standpoint,

from

this view-

'dbiqa

a
of

{'abaq)

to oling

(^

to),

nger

Jf j

in every respect; b^r*'

(^ on,

soent); to

be fragrant, exhale be redolent


(->

Ju-

j\

{haqiqatan)

from a subjective

fragranoe; to be

fllled,

point of view or in reality


t^jL^i Vtibri based on a subjective

with a scent,

eto.)

j** 'abiq fragrant, redolent, exhaling fragranoe

approach or outlook; relative


jLi*l {{afoiya) legal person

v***
*Jua
t

(jur.)

abqa

pressure

(on the ehest),

feeling of suffocation

j\**bir passing; orossing, traversing,


eto.

(see

I);

fleeting

(smile); transient,

jiU

'Obiq fragrant, redolent, exhaling

transitory,

ephemeral;

bygone,

past,

fragranoe

d*
jJls-

'abqar legendary

place inhabited

by

jUp

'at&d pl.

-u*l

a*h*d,

.ul

a**Ja

jinn; fairyland, wonderland

tsj** 'abqari multioolored,, colorful oarpet;

equipment; (war) material, materiel, ammunition J^- jIi* (Aar&i) war material,
|

ingenious,

genial;

(pl.

-fln,

1JL*

materiel,

ammunition
ready,

'abqira) ingenioufl person, genius


~*ij*-e

-u*

'aJbf

prepared;

future,

'abqartya ingenuity, genius

forthooming; venerable; solemn

.iL* 'abak

oamlet (woolen fabrio)

D
,*

j+* mu'attar

(<

jv) slovenly, sloppy;

stupid; unfortunate
J-p 'abl pl.

JL* 'Mi plump, well rounded,


(e.g.,

ohubby, fat

arms)
!)

'atuqa
('o^,

(Sil:*

'atdqa)

and

'ataqa

JL*

'abl (coli.; n. un.

a variety of

'ty)

to

grow

old, age; to

wild rose, eglantine


J-*l a'bal granite

mellow (wine);

mature,

'ataqa i to

be eman-

oipated, be free (slave) IV to free, set


free,

releaae,

emancipate,

mannmit

j*e II

L*

II;

to

fill,

paok (^ *

s.th. with);

s.o.,

esp. a slave) VII to free o.s., rid o.s.

to Ioad, oharge

(v
pl.

* s.th. with)
-tU

(>of)

i^* 'uMtm

paokage, paok (of

J^

'itg

age, vintage (esp. of wine);

an

artiole,
its

of a oommodity) ; Container

liberty (as

opposed to Blavery); emanfreeing,

with

content

cipation,
slave)
IL* 'ab'a q. v.

manumission

(of

iL* 'abdya
i_-i*

alajia

(*af&,

iju. ma'faA) to blame,

J^
ancient

'atlq

old,

ancient,

antique;
(wine) ; of

censure, reprove, scold i_;r (J* s.o.); <;Ij 'o/ofca Ma to cross the tbreshold

matured,

mellowed,
tradition,

aged

long-standing;

anti-

quated, outmoded, obsolete;


cipated (slave);

of
III

s.o.

II to hesitate,

be slow, be tardy
reprove, soold

noble

to
.

blame,
s.o. for)

free, emanjl^l jj* old-

oensure,

fashioned

(J*

U*
_*=

'atqa age, vintage (esp. of wine)


i'tq

'atb

oensure,

blame,

rebuke,
jliftl

reproof, reprimand
*-i*

freeing,

liberation,

manu-

'ataba pl.

<_-^

mission (of a slave)


ata&,

i^Upl a'Mfc
lintel,

doorstep,

threshold;
('Zj/<J);

(door)
|

also

Jjl* 'tiq pl. jj'lj* 'atotiq* Shoulder

LUI

LaJI

step, atair

UJI

V L*^I
a

<JL

.Ul

(akatfah)

to take s.th.

(stmiyo)

(formerly:)
Ulli

His Highness the

upon

o.s.,

take

over,

asaume

s.th

Bey
li-a.

(Tun.);
il-malik

V L*V

<*j

rafa'ah
(e.g.,

to present s.th.

<jL J* *JjJ_11 Jjl (oZjd i-nuu'iUiyaJa) to place the responsibility on s.o.; aJj
^Ai
fall

gift)

most obediently to the king


*Ub censure, blame, rebuke, re-

jjl*

J to

be

at

s.o.'s

ezpense,

to

s.o.

k~<Uft

proof,
*-Jl**

reprimand

J=~
oensure, blame, rebuke,

mw'aa^

mellowed,

matured

mutaba

(wine); old, anoient

reproof, reprimand

J^m
to be ready, be

mv'ftg

emancipator,

liberator,

manumitter

(of slaves)

u* 'atuda u (jU*
prepared

atOd)

IV to prepare, ready, make

dli* 'ataka i to attack


illl* '(W4 olear, pure,

ready

(* s.th.)

limpid (esp. wine)

>
J*
'aiaia

('a) to carry (* a.th.)

citrance, unruliness, wildness, ferooity

Jli* 'adl porter, oarrier


*fc* 'ofaJa pl.
Jli*

U*

j+*l\

j* iL ('umr) to attain great age;

to be far advanced in years

J*

'otoi

crowbar

J*
'tldla porter's or carrier's trade;

'atiy

pl.

U*l

a'ta

haughty, imre-

pertinent,

insolent ;

recalcitrant,

porterage J* 'atama
i

fractory, unruly, intractable, wild


('atm) to hesitate II to darken,

oU

'iin pl. !l=* '%Uh

presumptuoua,
insolent,

obscure, cloud, black out (* s.th.); to


hesitate (esp. with neg.)
l
|

impudent,

impertinent,

arro-

<jl

"tf,

gant; violent,

fierce, strong, wild, furious,

J*

L.

Ol

i<u it

doea not (did not)

raging (atorm)

take long unti]..., before long..., presently...

IV to hesitate, waver
(coli.
;

*ti# (ooll.;

n. un.

I)

pl. d-i* 'utaf

moth

worm, moth
I* *utm
n.

larra;

moth
fll

un.

wild olive tree


>L>jU*
ma'filt

moth-ridden,

of

r Ui atma dark, gloom, darkneas

moths, moth-eaten

Ui "atama

first

third of the night

JU
li* 'aidma opacity, opaqueness; (pl.
-<H)

'optra

{'afr,
<>

j^p

'atlrt jli* 'ifr) to

stumble, trip;
s.o.

jU to
s.o.
1*

trip s.o.,
fall,
feil

make
s.o.,

darknesa
darkening, obsouring, cloud-

stumble,
s.o.;

make

-^u" fa'fim

topple

'afara

(jji* 'vfr) to

ing
Im*

come

(l->

stumble

(i_>

mutim dork
**lic

or J* across), hit, light, strike, or J* upon), find, discover,


s.o.,

detect

(^ or Jp
fall,

B.th.) II
(*

to cause

4ie pass. 'uiiAa ('utk, 'atah,

'oWa) to

( (.

s.o.)

to stumble, trip

s.o.),

make
II; to

be

or

become

idiotic,

imbecile,

dim-

s.o.)

topple

(.

s.o.)

IV

witted, feeble-minded, demented, insane,

mad, crazy
*ic
r

acquaint (Jp (J* s.o. to


ii-'l

s.o.

with

B.th.);

to lead

s.th.)

to stumble, trip;

uth, 'atah idiocy, imbecility

dim-

to stutter, stammer, speak

brokenly
to

wittedness, feeble-mindedness
l\i
r

JLiL J^J (bia4yli


failure

l-Jcaiba)

fail,

meet with
atha
idiocy,

imbecility,

dim-

wittednesa, feeble-mindedness

jU
'a.

'afra

pL

'atart

stumbling, trip|

ping ; false step,


jSm ma'th
insane,
becile,
pl.

slip, fall

lj*

^
*j*

hajar
<_ii>

*JU* ma'tih*
idiot,

idiotic,

stumbling block;

*L*-*

mad, crazy;

lunatic, im-

('atratan)
s.o.,

to be a stumbling block for


s.o.'s

demented person, insane pereon

obstruet
'ti|ilr

way

and Jt) U* 'at u (>* 'tttw, Jp 'tty, *\y ( j*


to be insolent, refractory, recalcitrant,
unruly; to be violent,
fierce, strong, wild,

jy*

discovery, deteotion (J* of)


fine

ji 'iiyar dust,
jjJI*

sand

furious, raging (e.g., storma)

do.

'fQr

pl.

jwIjp 'owaflf8 pitfall;

difficulty

'utw

presumption,

haughtiness,
re-

insolence,

impertinence, arrogance;

J*i*

muia'atjir

stumbling,

tripping;

calcitranoe, unruliness, wildness, ferooity

speaking (a foreign language) brokenly;

broken (of a foreign language)

Je

'tttty

presumption,

haughtiness,

insolence, impertinence, arrogance; recal-

j* 'uimnl Ottoman;

(adj.

and

n.)

591

j^fr 'ulnn pl. joli* 'atnin*

beard

<-L

ujb wonderful, wondrous, mar-

(^

and J*)

velous, astonishing,
Li*

'at

(ji* 'utw),

J* 'a$ a i
lJj'ajib

amazing; Bee 'ajab

('uiiy, 'iiiy)

to act wickedly, do hrm,

wonderfuj, wondrous, mar-

cause mischief

velous, admirable; astonishing, amazing,

remarkable, strnge, odd

gA *ajja

i ('ajj,

^j*

'ajlj)

to cry, yell, roar;

to cry out for help

(Jl to);
(i_j

to rage, roar;

*-*

'ajiba pl.

JU
|

'aj'ib*

wondrous

to thunder, resound

with); to swarm,

thing, unheard-of thing, prodigy, marvel,

teem (^ with)

II to raise, swirl

up (jUJI

miraole, wonder; pl. remarkable things,


euriositiea, odditiea ul ^Vl j* the remarkable thing about the matter
is

al-ubra the dust; of the wind)

JU

'ajj

crying, yelling; clamor, roar

that .
<--^
I

1
?*

'ujja

omelet
a'jab*

more wonderful,

more
re-

'ajij

crying, yelling; olamor, roar

marvelous; more astonishing, more

r\j 'ajj (swirling) dust;


*-

amoke

markable
~*jj
I

'ajja pl. -t cloud of dust; billow

u'jba

pl.

_--r-UI

a'jib*

won-

of

amoke
^L*
'ajjj

crying, yelling, clamoring,

drous thing; unheard-of thing, prodigy, marvel, miracle, wonder


j ta'jib arousing of admiration (j* for s.th.), boosting (,y of s.th.), publicity

roaring,
(esp. sea)

boisterous,

vociferous;

raging

(,> for s.th.)


<_-*

'ajiba

('ajab) to

wonder, marvel, be
(,y or J at, over)

astonished, be
II

amazed

V^

i'jSb

admiration

(<~>

for); pleas-

to strike with wonder or astonish( a.o.)

ure, Batisfaction, delight (lj in) ; acclaim

ment, amaze, astonish, surprise IV


(
(i_j

pride; self-complacency, conceit

=
to

II; to pleaae, delight { s.o.),


s.o.);

appeal

>~>+S

ta'ajjub

astonishment,

amaze-

paSB. IV u'jiba to admire

s.o.,

fl.th.),

have a high opinion


(l_

(i_j

of); to

be proud

of),

glory

(^

in)

4-Aj

be vain (^about),
I

V ***1
1

-'

isti'jb

astonishment, amaze-

(u'jiba) to

be

ment
<-***+

conceited, be vain

to wonder, marvel,

mu'jib causing admiration, ad-

be aatoniahed, be amazed

(^

at, over)

X =
(_-*
in),

mirable
<_**<

V
mu'jab admirer (^ of
(lj of),
s.o.,

of
|

'ujb pride

(<^>

of, in),

vanity

(^

s.th.);

proud

vain

(i_

about)

conceit
'ajab
Aj
I

*ij
astonishment, amazement;

-*?* (bi-nafaihi) conceited,

vain

<_~
(pl.
._.

i_-i*

a'jb)

wonder, marvel;
!

'ajaban

how

strnge

how odd

L how
\j

muta'ajjib amazed, aatonished

'ajar

outgrowth,

protuberance,

ei-

aatoniahing!

la-l-'ajab

how remarkable! <_-*!] oh, how wonderful! <_^* V

crescence, projection

{'ajaba)

no wonder!

jS amrun

'aja
(_-^

j
j

'agr

(e^,)

green, unripe

bun a wonderful, marvelous thing;


<-l*

most prodigioua happening, wonder of wonders


('ujb)

r j ujar knot, knob, hump, protuberance, excrescence *j

'ujra

pl.

*>f.J

'vjaruh wa-bujaruh his (ite) obvious

and hidden Bhortoominga,


faults

all

hia

(its)

j^l*

'jix pl.>rL>* *atw!;ua

weak, feeble,

powerless, impotent; incapable (je of),

J>*

'aggr

(coli.; n.
(eg.)

un.

")

a variety

unable (jp to do
physically

s.th.);

(pl.

ijf 'ajaxa)
disabled;
al-'a.

weak;
*J**ll

phyaioally
Jl**.l

of green melon.

decrepit

is'f

oare

Jtjf

II ta'ajrafa

to b6 presumptuous, ar-

for the

aged
mu"jiz miracle (eap. one performed

rogant, haughty
~-j

^mu

'ajrafa

presumption, arrogance,

by a prophet)
*^mu mu'jiia
pl. -t

haughtiness

miracle (eap. one

'ajaza

ajz)

and

'ajiza

to be weak,
of),

performed by a prophet)
*>:
r

lock strength, be inoapable (je

be

aj'aja to bellow, bawl, roar

unable (jp to do
'ujz)

s.th.);

'ajaza u (jj*
L.

<ml 'afaja clamor,

roar, bellowing
%

and
|

'ajuza
l

u to age> grow old


("ajaxa,
r

(woman)
not to

jp >*

ajiza)

Ja*

a'jaf*,

f.

#U*

ajf'

pl.

JLf

'i;d/

fail

to... II to weaken, debilitate,

alender, elim, avelte; lean, emaciated

disable, incapacitate, hamstring, oripple,

paralyze

( s.o.)

IV to weaken,

debilitate,

J*

'a;tja

('ajal,

iL*

'o/oZa)

to hurry,

disable, incapacitate, hamstring, cripple,

hasten, speed, rush, be in a hurry; to


rush, hasten, hurry,

paralyze
s.o.)
;

( s.o.);

to be impoesible

for

come quickly
about

(Jl

to

apeak in
]

an inimitable,

or
I

to) II to hurry, hasten, speed, rush,

be

wonderful, manner
(dabb,

^'j
I

^>^ Jp J^
a.o.'s

in

a hurry;
(i_

to

bring

quiokly,

maSy) to paralyze
p+iti

every

hasten tin
(J

s.th.),

bring or take quiokly


rush, urge,

move;

jp >*

(fahm) to
s.o.

comprehension imposaible for

make X to

s.th.

to);

to hurry,

impel, drive

( s.o.),

expedite, apeed up,

deem

( s.o.)

incapable (je of)

accelerate (* s.th.); to

pay

in advance;

to pay spot cash (* J to s.o. for) III to

yt

*ajz

weakness,

inoapacity,
(

dis-

hurry in order to catch up


s.o.,
s.o.,

(*,

with
after

ability, failure,
s.th.); defioit

impotence

j* for, to do

with
after

s.th.),

rush, hurry (*,

s.th.);
(

to

oatoh up

with

jj 'aptz, *ajz pl.

jLf

a'jz baokaide,
I

s.o.),

overtake

s.o.;

esp. death), de-

rump, posterior

J*Ji jl*

a.

an-naJd
^**ii

scend swiftly
forestall

(*,

upon); to antioipate,

stumpa of palm

trees; j-L*Jl

jj

(^

* s.o.

in or with) IV to hurry,
(* s.o.)
|

(padr) to bring the rear to the fore,

i.e.,

rush, urge, impel, drive

CJjJl *Lf

to reverae oonditions,
deficienoy

make up

for

jp (waqtu) the time was too short for

him
in

to...

to hurry, hasten, speed,

rush, be in a hurry; to seek to get ahead

jyt

'ujz old age

a hurry; to hurry, rush, urge


to)
;

(Jl
(*,

jjA 'ajz pl. >'Lf 'ajtfiz*, y* 'ujvz old woman; old man; old, advanced in
years

s.o.
s.o.,

to antioipate, forestall
to be ahead (* of
e.g.,

s.th.);

s.th.),

precede (*
'ajiza posterion, buttooka (of a

events);

to reoeive at

onoe, without delay (* a sum), receive

VjM woman)
jl*
I

spot

oash

<-jlji-l

ImJ

(jawba)
s.o.

to to

demand a quiok
r

reply from
speed,

X
in

i jz

inimitability,

wondrous na-

hurry,

hasten,

rush,

be

a
to

tura (of the Koran)

hurry; to wish to expedite (*

s.th.);

S93

r*
^-T jl sooner or later; now and in the future;
sooner
J-^/lj J-^'

hurry, ruah, urge, impel, drive

(#

s.o.),

expedite, epeed up, aocelerate {* s.th.)


Jjf
j**JI
*ijl pl.
'*.

*L*Tjl *L-U

J>*

'u;flj,

iL* 'ijala oalf

or later; J-LJI <-o^l

in the

Jj*

o/-6oAr sea oalf, seal

immediate future
iL-U
'd;t'Ja

Jjf

*a/oI huiry,

haste

Jj*

J*

in

fast train, express train;

hurry, hurriedly, apeedily, quickly, fast,


rapidly

iU-LJI life in this world,

temporal ezistence
pressing;
pre-

J***

mu'ajjal urgent,
j

J*
rapid
iL*
r

'ajil

quick,

fast,

swift,

speedy,

a;aii hurry, haste; precipitance,

^^1 J^** m. ar-reum prepaid, postpaid (mail item); J-wJLI iUJL <*. (hufon, nafd) Bummary judgment, sentence by Bummary proceedings (jur.)
^A**-

mature

precipitation
*jj

dafa'a mu'ajjalan to

pay

in

iL*

'ajala

pl.

-<

wheel;

bicyole
|

advance

01-- iL*

{oyyra)

motorcycle; iL*
<*jLj

oLl

steering wheel;

iL* (ndrtya)

J**^
itate

muta'ajjil

hasty,

rash, preoip-

motoraycle

J-*

'a;'

pl.

JL*

musta'jil hurried, in a hurry

';<H

quick,

fast,

swift, speedy, rapid

musta'jal expeditious, speedy;

urgent, pressing; precipitate, premature

J>*
raah
JL*

'ajl

pl.

Jj*

'u;ui

quick, fast,

^ ...!! jj^Vl (j-ili magistrate of summary


:

swift, speedy, rapid; hasty, precipitate,

justice

'ujla

work quickly thrown

to-

I*j*

'ajama u {'ajm) to try,


test
(.

test,

put to the

s.o.)

gether, hastily prepared work, rush Job;

.jj*

{'dah) to try,

sketch

test s.o.,
{lit.);

quickly compiled report


(*

put

s.o.

to the test IV to provide

letter)

with a diacritical point (with

J-iU 'ajln*,

f.

J*

'ajl, pl.

JL*

'ajl,

diacritioal pointa) VII to

be obscure,
(J#

in-

JL*

'ijl

quiok, fast, Bwift, speedy, hur-

comprehensible,
b.o.;

unintelligible

to

ried, rapid, hasty, cursory

language)

to become un-Arabio

J*

a'jaP,

f.

J*

'ujl, pl.

J*

'uji

quick-

'ajarn (coli.) barbarians,


*j*aII

non-Arabs;

er, faster; hastier;

more ouraory
expediting,

Fersians; ^*y\\ or
pj*

j^j Fersia
1)

,_Ljnuo

ta'jll

speeding-up,

'ajam

(coli.; n.

un.

stone, kernet,

acceleration
JL>*i^l
isti'jl

pit, pip,

seed (of fruit)


1

hurry,
|

haste;

precip**rj

ij+f

'ajami pl. *L*

a'j&m barbarian,

itance, precipitation

JLc-VI

J*

non-rab; Persian
**j*

(adj.

and

n.)

(wajhi

l-isi.)

expeditiously, speedily

'ujma barbarism, inoorrectness

(in

JLucJ

ti'jli

speedy,

expeditious;

Bpeaking Arabic)
*[ 'ajm' 1
pl.

temporary, provisional

oljL* 'ajmwt (dumb)

J-U
worldly ;

'jil

pertaining to this
;

world,
;

beost

tem poral

immediate

^U-

a'jam 2

f.

.L*

'ajm* 1 ,

pl.

*UI
for-

'jilan Boon, presently,

before long; at
|

a'jim 1 speaking incorrect Arabic; dumb,


Bpeechless;

once, immediately, instantly

J-U *-

barbarian,

non-Arab,

(hukm) summary judgment

(;ur.);

^-U

eigner, alien; a Perian

p*
jJt
i I

594

a'jami

non-Arabic; non-Arab,

aa a.th.), pass (* for s.th.); to


to)
|

amount
s.o.,

(i_>

foreigner, alien;

a Persian
incomprehenaible,
un-

4-1*

^Ui^/I J* (to count

a.o.'a

breath-

mu mu'jam
intelligible,

ing

to watc cloaely over


s.o.,

keep
every

obsoure (language, Speech);

a Bharp eye on

watch

s.o.'s

dotted, provided with a diacritical point


(letter); (pl. *-L**

move; J*
s.th.

-U-

to put down, or charge,


1/

ma'jim 2 ) dictionary,
the letters of the

to s.o.'s disadvantage; J-j

(yu*

lexicon

**ll

*addu)

numberlesa, oountlesa, innumeroff,

*-Jjj*-

aiphabet
^/t

able II to count

enumerate
multiply,

(* s.th.);

to
'ajana
i

make numerous,
|

{'ajn) to
|

knead

aoak

(*

a.th.)

^L. j

^J

(* s.th.); to
(Jaffa,

{* s.th.)

cJLl

i-X*

Compound (mayyita) to enuma dead


>,

erate

the
s.o.

merits

of

person,
s.o.,

mas'ala) to bring

up a problem time and

eulogize
s.th.

IV to prepare (J

again, harp on a question

for);

to ready,

make

ready,

get

L* 'ijn perineum L* 'ajjn,


j^j*
f.

(anat.)

ready (J
finish,

*, s.o., s.th. for);

to preparu,

fit,

fix up,

adapt, ad just, dress,


set

dough kneader

arrange,
s.th. for),
o.g.,

dispose,

up,

make
(*

(J

*
(*

'ajin

dough, batter, paate; paates

draw up,
to

draft,

work out

(such as noodles, vermicelli, Spaghetti, etc.)


*LJt-

a
|

report);

prepare

one'a

'aftna a piece of

dough; dough;
pl.

lesaon)

Ja* J*l

{'uddatah) to

make
for

soft maaa,

soggy mixture

^L*

'aj'in 3

one's preparations for, prepare

o.a.

V
plastica
'ajini

to

be or become numerous, be manifold,

be multifarious, be multiple; to multiply,


J^j*

doughy, doughlike, paaty,

increase in number, proliferate, be com-

paate -like

pounded VIII to regard


pl. j-l*

(* ,

s.o., s.th.

j^ww mi'jan

ma'jin* kneading

as),

look {*

a,

at

s.o.,

at a.th. aa),

trough; kneading machine


Oj***

consider, think,
2

deem

{* *,

s.o., s.th.
(i_>

ma'jn

pl.

^^ ma'jxn
;

paate,

to be s.th.); to reckon (lj with), rely

cream (cosmet.) ; putty electuary ;


(confection

majoon

upon); to put
a.o.'a credit,

down

(*,

l-j

a.th.,

J to

made

of

hemp

leaves, hen-

J# to

a.o.'a

disadvantage);

bane, datura seeds, poppy aeeda, honey

and ghee, producing


thoae of hashish

effects

similar to
|

(v J# against s.o. s.th.), take exception (u J to s.o. because of


to hold
s.th.)
;

and opium)

to

Oj***
with); (of a

provide

o.a.,

equip

o.a.

(i_>

b- Vi tooth paate

woman)

to obaerve the iddat,

or legally prescribed period of waiting,

Lmu
made

mu'ajjant (pot) pies, pasties


*jj*

before contracting a

new marriage
to

to

lj 'ajwa pressed dates


of rieh

^'^1 a paatry

get ready,

ready

o.a.;

stand

pre-

dough with almonds and

pared, keep in readineas, stand by; to

date paate (syr.)


J* 'adda

prepare

o.a.;
for,

to be ready, willing, preto

pared (J

do

a.th.)

{'add) to count,

number, reckon
.u.

( a.th.,

j-

* s.o.

among); to enumerate
a.th.);
*,
(

'add counting, count; enumeration,

listing;
(* s.th.);

computation, calculation

to compute, calculate (*

to regard (* *,

s.o., s.th. as),

look (*

a*
pl.

'udda readinesa, preparednesa ;


aj*

at

s.o.,

at

a.th.

aa),

consider,

think,

'udad)

equipment,
tool;

outfit;

deem
pass.

(* *,

s.o., s.th.

to be s.th.);

(*

implement,

instrument,

gadget,

'udda

to

be

considered,

go

device, appliance,

contrivance; rigging,

595

^Jp
tude
t.
|

tackle, sas; harness (of a

hone)

AU

'<ifi\ jo^J

polytheism; oU-jjII jxJ

4J-1*

4! or (a'odda) to

make

one's prep-

az-zaujt
iljie!

polygamy
confidenoe,
reliance,
(bi-nafrihi)

arationa for, prepare


to

0.8. for; *^lll -i* .U-l

i'tidd
in)
|

make

preparationa for s.tb.

plJl So

trust

olockwork, watchwork
4*

Lj jLtaVl

self-confidence, self-relianoe

'tto

number;

(attritmtively:)
jlxc--!
e.g., -i*

isti'dd readiness,
(pl. -t)

several,

numerous, many,

wlingness,

jL-j

preparedness;

CZdafun)

many men, oijBeveral

inclination, tend-

4* 'iddata

ency

disposition,
(J

marrtin
presoribed

times ;
of

propensity ;
a
diseaae),
pl.

pre-

iddat,

legally

disposition

for

suscep-

period

waiting

during
tibility (J

which a

woman may

to a diseaae);
|

conveniences,

not remarry after


(Isl.

being widowed or divorced


j-U

amenities, comfort

jl4*i-l

Law)
number,

J*

5" to

be prepared, be set for...; to be ready,


willing, inclined, in a position to...

'adad

pl.

jl.ul

a'dd

numeral;

figure, digit, cipher; quantity;

number,

issue (of

a newspaper)

^U- j.u

iplozJ
jjj*.

iati'ddi

preparatory
countable,
in

(kss) apeoial

number, special

issue (e.g.,

ma'dd

numerable,
little,

of a periodical)
jj-i*

calculable ; few, a few,

limited

number,

some

'adadi numerical, numeral, rel-

ative to a
-04*

number or numbers
(with
foll.

oJa* mu'addida (hjred) female mourner

'adxd

genit.)

counted

Xu mu'add
ready,
willing

deatined, intended (J for);


(J
for,

among

or

with;

numerous;
|

number;
multitude

prepared
(

to

do

s.th.),

large quantity; equal

-U-i*

iA* {'adad)

J to do

s.th.)

enormous
]li

quantity,

great

olXu mu'adddt equipment,


matenel,
gear ;
applianoes,
j

material,

-.U li* this equals that

de vices,
Lj_^-

>I-U 'addd pl. -t counter,


electricity, gas, etc.)
jIja

meter

(for

implements, gadgets
(Aarfei ya,

(L^L)

olo

'aakartya)

war material; 0I4*. equipment

mi'dd

pl.

4j.iL* Ttia'did1

abacus

Jj_^-I

m.

al-hariq fire-fighting
r

jlxJ ia'dd counting, count; enumeration, liating;


l

j4*i.

computation, calculation
|

plural,
ious,

muta addid manifold, multiple, numerous, varied, variegated, varmulti-,


|

J'^\ jIj*; _r

t.

al-anfus census
|

diverse, different;
(in

many-,

polyjlj* 'toM"

Compounds)

L^U-'I
;

number, quantity
>j!-U
is

m.

<J

^l-u

al-kaly multicellular
7.

(biol.)

^-IjJl jo-i.

{'idda)

innumerable, countless; jl-U


e.g.,

an-nawhi multifarious, variegated,

among,

_>*

he

is

counted

varied, manifold

among them, he
j1j*I
t'tfd

one of them

**-

muala'idd

prepared, ready
to, to

(J

preparation, readying, ar-

for); inclined, in
s.th.);

a position (J
for),

do

ranging,

setting

up,

making,

drawing

predisposed (J

susceptible

up, drafting
jilj*l i'ddi preparatory
j

(J to, esp. to a disease)

jl-ul jl^i
f

(iaAoa) certificate granted after complet-

,j-A*

ooa
54*

(coli.; n.

un.
pl.

"*)

lentil(6)

ing four yearB of seoondary school


iJ*j

(eg.)

'aAwa

-t

lens;

magnifying

ta'addud variety, diversity, multiplurality, great

glase; object lens, objective

plicity,

number, multi-

^-U

'ao/wi lentioular

Jap
Ja* 'adala
i ('adl, IIa* 'addla)
|

596

to aot justly,

even, balanced; to be moderate, be tem-

equitably, with fairness

J-t

Ja* to

perate

treat everyone with indisoriminate justice,

not to disariminate between them;


'adala
i

Ja 'adl straightness, straightforwardnese; justice, impartiality; fairneas, equitableness,

to be equal

(*,

to

s.o.,

to s.th.),

probity,

honesty,

uprigbt-

be equivalent
(*,
*

(* to s.th.),

be on a par
(

ness; equitable oomposition, just compro-

with),

be the equal
(*,

of

s.o.),

mise;
fair,

(pl.

JjO 'udl) just, equitable,


honest;

equal,

match

s.o.,

s.th.),
;

counter-

upright,

person of good

balance,
equal,

outweigh

(*

s.th.)
(<_j

to
s.o.

make
with
level

reputation,

person

with

an honorable
adjunet as-

equaze,

level

reoord
signed

{Ial.

Law);

juristio
(JLfagr,);
|

another), place

( s.o.)

on the same

or footing

(i_j

with another);

to a cadi

Vo 'adian

'adala i

equitably, fairly, justly


ister of justice

J-Ull

j jj min-

(JjO* 'udl) to deviate, swerve, deflect,

turn away

(Jl

je from

toward);

to

digress, depart, refrain, desist, abstain,

Ja

'adli forensio, legal, judicial, ju-

avert
off,

o.a.,

tum away

(je-

from), leave

ridioal, juristio

relinquish, abandon, renounoe, dis-

Ja
ing;

*idl

equal, tantamount, oorrespond-

claim, give up, forego, waive,


s.th.)
je|

drop

(je-

(pl. Jlol a'di,

JjO 'udl) either

*j

Ja to

make
;

s.o.

desist,

of the
oarried

abatain or turn
(bi-bafarihi)

away from

Jl j^ut

Ja

two balanced halves of a load by a beast of brden; sack, bag


'adil

to let one's eyes stray to


(illo*

or toward;
just,
fair,

'adula u
equitable

'adala) to

be

JjO

equal,

lue,
foll.

tantamount,
genit.)

II

to straighten,
set
in

corresponding; (with

equal

make

or

put

straight,

order,

(toB.o.).ona par (with

s.o.); (eg.; pl. JJIo

array (*

s.th.);

to balance, right, rectify,


fix, settle,

'adail) brother-in-law (husband of one's


siBter)

put in order, straighten out,

adjust
to

(* s.th.); to
(*
s.th.)

make
;

(* s.th.) juBt;

JjO* 'udl refraining, abstentlon, deBistance


tion,
(je-

adapt

to

change,

alter,

from),

forgoing,

renunciarelin-

oommute, amend, modify, improve


s.th.);
et.)

(*

resignation,
(je-

abandonment,
s.th.)

to modulate (* current,

wavea;
s.th.),

quishment
IIa*

of

III

to be equal (*,

to

s.o.,

to

'adla justice, fairness, impartial-

be equivalent (* to
(*,

s.th.),

be on a par
(

ity;

probity , integrity,

honesty,

equi-

with),

be the equal
(*,
*

of

s.o.),

tableness; decenoy, proper conduet; hon-

equal,

matoh

s.o., B.th.),

oounter-

orable reoord (Id. Law)

balanoe, outweigh (* s.th.); to equate,


treat as equal (Joj

jo two persona

iJo 'adliya justice, administration of


justice, jurisprudence
ister of justice
|

iJaJI

or things)

IT to straighten, make or
s.th.)

j jj min-

put Btraight {*

T to he changed,
Jol a'dal*

be altered, be oommuted, be modified,

more regulr, more uniform


juster,
fairer,

undergo modifioation, change or

alter-

more

balanoed ;

more

ation VI to be in a State of equilibrium,

equitable;

more upright, more honest,

be balanced; to be equal, be on a par;


to offBet one another, strike a balance
VIII to straighten (up), tense; to
o.s.

more righteous
JjOjJ
ta'dil

straightening, straighten-

draw

ing out, settling, setting right; t)

(pl.

up, sit straight, sit up; to be straight.

change,

alteration,

conunutation.

697

r*
gone,

amendment,
adjustment,
reehuffle
(el.)
|

modification;
regulation;

settlement,

improvement;
modulation

have disappeared; to disappear, vanish IV to cause ( a.o.) to miaa or

(of the

cabinet);

lack (> s.th.); to deprive (*


i.th.);

s.o.

of

jjlj j JjO*J (wiz&ri) cabinet reahuffle

to destroy, annihilate, wipe out

*JiU*

mu'dala assimilation, approxi-

(*, a.o., a.th.);

to ezeoute

( s.o.);

to be

mation, adjustment, equalization, leveling,

balancing,

equilibration ;

balanoe,

become poor, be reduced to poverty, beoome impoveriahed VII = pasa. I


or
,

equilibrium; equality; equivalence; evennesa, proportion, proportionateneas, pro-

l**u

adam
losa,

non-being,

nonexistenoe;

nothing, nothingnesa, nihility ; lack, want,

portionality; equation (math.)


JjljJ

absence;

privation; (with
(pl. * loci

foll.

genit.)

ta'dul

balance,

equilibrium;
pro*

non-, un-, in-, dis- ;

a'd&m) nonen|

equality ;
portion,
ality;

equivalence ;

evenness,

tity, nullity, banality, trifle

j.*^l *i+

proportionateneas,
tie (in aporta)
j

proportion-

inattention, indifferenoe;

^L-^-VI
fJ*

*J

draw,

ol^^l JiU
erectness,

noncompetency
nonexistence

*y?jh

non-being,

tie vote,

equal

number of votea
straightneas,

u=*

i'tidl

i/J* 'adami nihiliat


5-.J*

tenaeneas ;

evenness,

ey mmetry,

pro-

'adamiya

non-being,

nonezist-

portion

(e.g.,

of

stature,

of growth);

ence; nihilism
jCU*

moderatenesa, moderation, temperanoe,

temperatenesa; equinox

Jloas^l

c-r-

'adim not having, lacking, want-

samt

al-i.

equinootial oolure (astrvn.) equinootial


fair,

ing; deprived (of); devoid (of), without,


-leBB.in-, un- (with foll. genit.)
|

1U-I rj*

Jloifrl i'tidli

'a,

al-hayh inanimate,

lifeless; j]L}\

rj

Jil*

'dil

juat,

equi table;

up-

unequaled, incomparable, onique


*ljcl

right, honest, Btraightforward, righteoua

i'dm destruction, annihilation;


|

J-u* mu'addal average; average

amount
on the

execution

fta^L J-I

(Aufcm) death

or

sum

~4*jJ\

Jxu m.
an

as-sur'a average

sentence
<J\At.\

Bpeed;

J-U*

as

average,

i'dmiya

headcloth

without

average

'iql (as

a sign of mourning)

JiU. mu'dil qual, of equal


having equal rights

status,

/lo*jl

in'idm

abaenoe,

laok,

non-

existenoe
jol*

J,>Ll* mitta'dil balanced, neutral

'Win
lost;

pl.

fjlj*

'aw&dim* nonirreolaimpl.

J-u** mu'tadil straight, even, propor-

existent,

unrestorable,

tionate, aymmetrical, harmonioua;


erate, temperate; mild,
er)
|

mod-

able; waste- (in


refuse,

Compounds);
|

waste,

dement (weath-

soraps

i-jUl

Lil

sewage,

Ja=*ll

kll (minfaqa) the Temper-

aullage, waste water;

JlU^I

jolj* cotton

ate
j0*

Zone

waste;

jm^I i^Jl unbbat

al-'a.

exhaust

pipe (automobile)

'adima a ('udm, *adam) to be deprived, be devoid, be in want, be deficient (*


of s.th.); to lack, not to have (* s.thl);
to lose, miss (*,
'

tj-u*

ma'dm
abaent ;

nonexistent,

wanting,
gone,

lacking,

misaing ;

lost ;

s.o.,

s.th.);

pasa.

vanished
j.0*.

Udima to be

lacking,

be misaing, be
lost,

mu'dim poor,

destitute; impov-

abseilt,

be nonexistent; to be

be

eriahed.

o&
ja* 'adn Eden, Paradise; 'adan*
in

598

Aden

(city

s.th.);

to cross (*

s.th.,

e.g.,

a river)

southem Arabia)

III to treat as

an enemy
s.o.), fall

( s.o.),

show

Um madin
lode ;

pl.

ojL* ma'dtn* mine;


treasure-trove,
|

enmity
(

toward
to

be at war, feud
(.

metal

mineral ;

with

b.o.);

out
(

with

s.o.),

bonanza
jjUll
1*

(flg.);

(place of) origin, source

contract the enmity


hostilely (

of s.o.); to act

'Um

cU-m.

mineralogy;

,j>~z+\

toward

s.o.);

to counteract,

4J-U* to

probe into

b.o.'s

very natura
ma'din) very

disobey
(*,

(*, s.o., s.th.),

act in Opposition

to),

contravene, infringe (* s.th.)


( s.o.,

j.u*

ma'dan
1

(eg.;

syr.

IV to infect

j with a disease)

goodl bravo well done!


J.U. ma' dinx metallic, mineral; oLJxJ.1

V to

cross, overstep (* s.th.); to traverse

(* s.tb.);

to exceed, transcend, surpass

mineralogy
j. J*J

J-u. L mineral water

(*

s.th.),

go beyond

s.th.

(*);

to go

ta'din

mining

of

metals

and

beyond

s.th. {*)

and turn one's attention


not to be limited to
(Jl B.th.

minerals; mining, mining induatry

to s.th. eise
s.th.
(*)

(Jl),

but also to comprise


s.th.

Um mu'addin
ulji

miner

eise),

extend beyond
(

(*)

to s.th.
outstrip,

'adnn 3 legendary ancestor of the North

eise

Jl)

overtake,

pase,

Araba
(jic)
lop
e

outdistance, leave behind (* s.th.); to

overcome,

surmount

(*

s.th.,

e.g.,

ad u

e (

adw) to ran, speed, gallop,

crisis);

to pasa on, sbift, spread (Jl to);


infraot,

dash, race; to pass (*,

or j*

s.o., a.th.)t

to

transgresa,

violato,

broak

go past
up,

s.o.

or s.th.
leave

(*, *

or

^);
or

to give

(* s.th., e.g., laws);

to engage in brutal,
agression,

abandon,
;

(*,

j*

S.O.,

hostile

action,

commit

B.th.)
s.o.),

to pass

over,

bypass,
(i_*

omit

hostile act (Je against); to act unjustly

not to bother
(01

s.o.

with),

(Je

toward

s.o.)

to

assail,

aasault,

exempt, except

s.o.

from); to cross,
s.th.),

attack, raid (Je

b.o.,

s.th.); to infringe,
|

overstep, exceed, transcend (*

go

encroach,
<^>j^\j
s.o.,

make

inroads (Je upon)


to

^-ul

beyond

s.th.

(*);

to exceed the proper


(Jl
r

bounds; to infect
'adw,

s.o.);

4-ie (darb)

come to Mwe with


s.o.

(j-ie

lay hands

upon

VI to harbor

'udw,

lo*

ada,

jlj-l*

'udwn,

mutual enmity, be

hostile to one a not her,


(*_-

"idwn) to engage in aggressive, hostile


aotion,

be enemies VII to be infected

with

commit an

aggression,

hostile

a disease), catch an infection (j* by,


from) VIII to cross, overstep (*
to exceed, tranBcend, eurpass (*
s.th.);
s.th.),

act (Je against); to act

unjustly (Je

toward), wrong (Je

s.o.);

to aasail, as-

sault, attack, raid (Je s.o., s.th.);

(j4e 'adw) to handicap, hamper, impede,

go beyond
brutally,

B.th. (*);

to act outrageously,

obatruet (je

s.o. in);
|

to prevent, hinder
lo* (faurah)
j-i;

unlawfuUy

(Je

against);

to

(^

b.o.

from)

j_jl

to

commit exeesses (J*


against),

against); to engage

transcend one's bounds or Umits;


*i*i jl not to
fail
.

V
no

in aggressive, brutal, hostile action (Je

to do s.th. ; to do s.tb.

commit an

aggression, a hostile

inevitably;

>j l j-Uj
it
is

it is

act

(Je againBt); to act unjustly (Je

more than...,
II

only or merely...

toward); to violate (Je a


assail,
s.th.),

woman); to
(Je
s.o.,

to cause to croas, overstep, exceed or

assault,

attack,

raid

transcend; to ferry
(gram.) to

b.o.,

over a river);

infringe, encroach,

make

inroads
b.o.'s
(

make

transitive ( a verb); to
(*,

(Je upon),
(Je)
lifo

make an attempt on

give up, abandon, leave

or

s.o.,

to appeal for assistance

to s.o. J* against) to
;

stir

up, rouse, incite

li-Xm*

ma'diya

pl.

il*.

ma'din

ferry,

(J*

s.o.

against)
la*
ac'c.

ferryboat
or la*
l(j

lo*

'at&S,
foll.

/f-md 'add

ijjj

ia'diya

ferrying,

ferry Service;

(with

or genit.) ezcept, save,


of,

eonversion
{gram.)
J*j

into

the

transitive

form

with the exception


iiilj

exoepting ... j Li

l-ip

besidea

ta'addin crossing, overstepping, ex-

ja*

'orfto

running, run, race (also in

ceeding, transcending; overtaking, pass

sports)

m8
side, slope

e -g-.

of an

automobile);
infxaction,

(pl

ZjA* 'udioa

(of a Valley),

oIjJjJ

ta'addiyt)
(e.g. (

violation,

bank, embankment (of a


jOp 'adw
'udan,
Slip
pl.

river), shore

breach

of

laws) ,

transgression,

lapl

a'd',

^Op 'idan,
f.

encroachment, inroad (Je on), infringement of the law; offense against law,
tort, delict
{Isl,

'ui<3A,
|

.slpl

a'din,
^jij

jj*

Law); attack,

assault.

'adwa enemy

(oll, -bjj)

jj* (Zod&J,

aggression
I.&-I

aladd2 ) foe, archenemy


i'tida
pl. -t

attack,

assault,

*jj*
t$-i*

adwa fem. of j-U 'adw

raid,
s.o. 's

inroad
life),

*o<y acting hostilely, aggressive


'odd*

(J* on), attempt (J* on criminal attack (Je on)

outrage
*lj#

enmity,

hostility,

antag-

upon); aggression (J* (J* against; esp.poi.) | l.tol/1 *4e (Jlul) SjuLm

onism, animosity; aggrossion


jlo*
'ad'i
hostile,

mu'ahadat
antag-

{ittifq)

'adam

al-i't.

pact of

inimical,

nonaggression
jiLc

onistic, aggressive
#1j* 'add' runner, racer

'ftn pl. jIjp 'awdin aggressive,


assailing,
|

attacking,

raiding;

(pl.

lop

'udh)

enemy

^o*l a'd: *\jy\ ^OpI

a.

l-a'd'

the

^j~J\

tplj* beasts

of

prey, predatory animals


IjjIp

worst of enemies
iSj-**

'adw infection, contagion;

'dtya
offense,

pl.

-&,

jl_>a

'audtn

wrong,
versity,

misdeed, outrage,* adreverse;


;

'udw hostile action


misfortune,
obstacle,
|

jIop

'adwa

pl.

-t

enmity, hostility,

impediment, obstruction
jlj*

pl. vicissitudes

antagonism, animosity
1j.u

p^U oop

('a^a(}
feil

fate

dealt

them

'udaw ,i

hindrance,

handicap,
nuisance,

heavy blows, they


jl**

on

evil

days

impediment;
discomfiture
|

inconvenience,
#lj.ip

mu'din

hostile, inimical, antag-

jj

rough, rugged,
incon-

onistic
J** mu'dt'n contagious, infectious
|

uneven;

advcrse,

discomfiting,

venient; bad, poor (mount)


IjJp 'udwn, 'idwn enmity, hostility,
hostile action, aggression

g^l^l

ij-i**

contagious diseases

-Ui

muta'addin transitive (yram.); ag-

gressor, assailant

jljOp 'udwni:
aggression

ij\jJ*

i-L- policy of
oi
mu'tadin
pl.

-n

assailant,

as-

sassin; aggressor {pol.)

^u* ma'dan
ance
|

escape,

way

out, avoidinevitable,
-j-U

-o*

&A*

^ (ma'd)

'aduba

u (ijip 'udia) to be sweet,


agreeable;

unavoidable, inescapable

pleasant,

'adaba

to

600

hinder,
s.o.)

handicap,
to
afflict,

impede, obstruct
pain,

jis 'udra virginity, virginhood;

name

II

torment, try,
to punish, to be punfeel pain,

of

an Arab

tribe

jis

y\

jis

y\ see

agonize, torture, rack

(* s.o.);

above
tfjis 'udrl belonging to the tribe of

chaatise, caatigate {* s.o.)

ished, suffer
Buffer;

punishment; to
o.e.,

'udra {see above)

to

torment

be in ogony,

be harasaed

jjiJl

(jijfJI

{haw) platonic love


jis 'udur cheek;
fluff,

to find (* s.th.) sweet,


jlis 'idr pl.
first

pleaaant, or agreeable; to tbink (* s.th.)


beautiful, nice
-is

growth of beard (on the cheeks);


^U|

cheekpiece (of a horse's harness)


'adb
|

pl. L-*lis

\db sweet; pleaaant,


fresh water;
<->i*

jlis to

throw

off all restraint,

drop

all

agreeable
,i-jji-l

is L>

pretenses of shame; jliJl


ed,

JU- unrestrain-

entertaining, arausing, companion-

wanton, uninhibited
'adr n
pl.

able, personable
Ijis
i_jlie

<^jlis 'adr

virgin;

'adb

pl.

-t,

jisl

a'diba pain,

IjiJl

Virgo (aetron.); the Virgin


|

Mary

torment, suffering, agony, torture; punishment, chastisement, caatigation

(Chr.)

Ijis !U# (fath)


pl.

maiden, virgin

ja ma'fcra
jjis
i_jcl

jiU. ma'dir* excuse,

'u^ia sweetness
a'dab*

forgiveness,

pardon

sweeter,

more pleaaant,

jIjm mi'dr pl. ./SU ma'dir' excuse,

more agreeable

plea
affliction,

^x
agonizing,

ta'dib

tormenting,
punish-

jiJ ta'ad4ur

difficulty, impossibility,

torture,

tortuxing ;

impracticability, unfeasibility
jliipl i'tidr

ment, chastisement, oastigation


apology, excuse, plea jis 'adara
i

^udr, ji mo'^tra) to excuee,

jj

Tna'dr excused, justified, war-

absolve
(je or
let

from
*

guilt
|

s.o.),
jl

forgive

ranted; excusable
jifti*

s.o. s.th.)

(jjio

he wouldn't
muta'adgir
diffioult, impossible,

me

give

any excuses, he wouldn't


to circumcise
jijl
|

take no for an ans wer, he kept insisting;

impracticable, unfeasible

'adara
IV

{*a4r)

s.o.)

is '%4q

pl.

Jlisl

a'rfff

bunch, Cluster {of

I; to

have an excuse

j* jisl

dates, of grapes)

(man andara) he who wams

is

excused
Jis 'a^oZa u Codi) to blame, censure, reprove,
rebuke, reproach
( s.o.) II

to be

difficult,

impossible, impracti-

cable, unfeasible (J* for) YIII to excuse o.s. , apologize (j* J or Jl to s.o. for
s.th.);

Jis

'a$

blame,

censure,

reproof,

to give or advance
,> for),
,>.)

(<->

s.th.)

as

reproach Jjj*
'adi

an excuse (je or
excused; to
o.a.,

plead

s.th. (u>)

stern

censurer,

rebuker,

in defense of (je or

to wish to be

severe critic
Jjls
'&ila pl.
'dtJ
pl.

make an apology, excuse


Jli*
'uddl,
f.

*)iU

apologize
[

J ilj* 'wdiZ 1 censurer, reprover,

jis 'vdr pl. jli*l a'dr excuse

jis-

y)

critic

ab

'u.

(with

foll.

genit.) responsible for,

answerable for;
(tafaunintr)

jjW

ji*-

y} j*

(jis

and jis)

lis-

ad u and jis 'adiya a

he

is

the originator of this

to be healthy {country, city; due to its


climate, air, etc.)

development

601

Vj
*aL>

jt.

'arra u to be a
for
s.o.,

ahame, be a diagrace
to bring
s.o.,

(*,

(map am)

dining car,

diner;
'a,

i*j*

for s.th.);
(*,

diagrace

upon

ahame or upon s.th.),

JLiLVI

baby carriage; JiJl _^

anItjt.

nagt wagon, lorry, van; freight car;


piJI *a.

diagrace, diahonor (*,


ijt.

s.o., s.th.)

an-naum eleeping car,


yad handcart,

sleeper; i*j*

'urra

Scabies,

mange

dng

'a.

puahcart;

wheel-

diagraceful, shameful thing


T

barrow

jjt.
~*j**

arar Scabies,

mange
diagrace,

Vj*
igno-

'arabiya pl. -t carriage, vehicle;

araba, coach; see

J^
coachman, cabman

ma'arra

ahame,

miny;

stain, blemish,

atigma
;

,jj* 'arbaji
4>l*jfr

pl. -xya

j** mu'tarr miserable, wretcHed sooundrei,

'arbajfna oar ahed, coach house

rogue

i-jI^ 'arrb godfather, Sponsor

<-jjt-

II to Arabicize,

make Arabic

(*, s.o.,

ijj* 'arrba godmother, Sponsor


v'j*' a'rb an Arab of the desert, a Bedouin
ijlj*' a'rbi pl.
'o.jjt-

s.th.);

to tranalate ioto Arabic (* s.th.);

to express, voice, State clearly, deolare

(je s.th.); to give earneat money, give

a handael, make a down paymeot IV to


Arabicize,

'urba Arabism,

make Arabic

Arab

idea, the

Arabdom, the Arab charaeter


Arabicizing, Arahization;

(*,

s.o., s.th.),

give an Arabic form {* to s.th.); to

make

<_-jy ta'rxb

piain or clear, State clearly, declare (je


or * s.th.), expreas (unmistakably), utter,
voice, proclaim,

translation into Arabic ; incorporation (of

loanwords) into Arabio


<_jijfrl

make known,
(je.

manifest,
esp.

i'rb manifeatation, declaration,

give

to

uoderstaod

s.th.,
(je-

proclamation, pronouncement, utterance;


expreBsion (je of a sentiment); desinential inflection (gram.)
<->j**

sentiment), give expression


esp.

to s.th., to

to

sentiment) ;
inflection,

(gram.)

use

desinential
i'rb

prooounoe

the
mu'arrib translator
into Arabic

to assimate o.a. to the Arahs,

become an Arab, adopt the customa of the Arabs X = V


<-*jt.

i_^w mu'arrab Arabicized; translated


into Arabic

'arab (coli.) pl. ^jjt- 'urvb, ._j^l


iijt-

u/w
(gram.)

mu'rab

desinentially

infleetive

a'rub,

'urbn,

-"'j*'

a'rb Arabs;

true Arabs, Arabs of the desert, Bedouins


musta'rib Arabiat
\}j- 'arabt

Arab, Arabio, Arabiao; truly


the 'Arabiya,
Jjjt-

Arabic; an Arab; -^'

'arbada to be quarrelsome, be conten-

the laoguage of the ancient Araba; clasBical,

tious, pick quarreis; to be noisy, boiater-

or literary, Arabic
'araba

oua, riotous, raise a din


ri ver ;

i>j*

a awift
coach

(pl.

-t)

*<Xijt-

'arbada

quarrelsomeneas,

con-

carriage, vehicle,
car, coach; araba,

wagon, cart; (railroad)


|

tentiousness ; noise, din, uproar, riot


i-tj*

i^V
lijt-

<>jt-

'a.

'irbxd

quarrelsome, contentious;

al-ujra cab, hack, hackney; JS'VI ~**j-*a.


al-akl dining car, diner;

noiay, boisteroua, riotous


Jj^^w

^j

'a.
;

raii

water
^r'jS'J'
1

wagon,

mu'arbid

quarrelsome,

sprinkling

wagon

conten-

\j.
'a.

tious; noisy, boisterous, riotous


^j-jjt-

cab, hack, hackney; yiJI l

~*j,j.

al-Sahn

wagon, lorry; freight car;

itj*.

'arbaaa toupset,disturb, confuse (s.o.)

Vj*
{fjt.

602

'arbana to give earnest money, give a

Jljj* 'irzl hut or ehack of the rural


(usually in a tree or

warden

handsei,
Ojijt.

make a down payment


'urbn, 'arabn
pl.

(.

to a.o.)

on top of a roof)

3 Oy'j* 'arbin

handsei, earneat money,


pledge, pawn, gage

down payment;

tfj* II {nejd.) to marry (^ arrange a wedding feast

s.o. to)

IV to

^y.
mount,
'uruat
feast

'urs, 'urus pl.

^j^

a'ra,

iUjP

- y.

'araja

u {* jj*
'arija

'urj) to ascend,
{'araj) to
II

marriage;

wedding,

wedding

rise;

be lame, walk

lamely, limp, hobble

to turn <J* to,


in,

^jb.
wife
'ira
]

ira

pl.

^j^
'irs pl.

a'rs

husband;
tjLj bant

toward); to stop, halt, stop over (J*


at); to turn

^jt. ^\ ibn
(zool.)

^j-

(j* off

s.th.),

swerve (j*
paralyzo
(

weasel

from);
s.o.);

to lame,
to zlgzag,

cripple,

make

~<*j* 'iraa

weasel
pl.

zigzag (* s.th.)

IV

to lame,

cripple,

paralyze

s.o.)
f.

tfjj* 'ara
al-'aran

^j*

*urua bridegroom;

to zigzag, follow a zigzag course VII to


lean,

(pl. ^pllj 'ar'ia*)

bride; doli;

Uj^Jl

incline,

bend,

curve

to

be

or

bride

and groom, the new*

become crooked, curved, bent, sinuous,


winding
r-jP *araj

lyweds
|

J-dl

^j*
pl.
]

an-nil lotus
'ar'ia3 bride;

i-.jjP

'araa
doli

^r-j'j*

lameness
f.

doli,
'arj*',
pl.

baby

*jJl

*-jj* ' al-burq"


veil

metal tubes
^j*l
'urj,

omamenting the

of

a'rap,

U-^*

U-yi 'urjn lame, limping;

jack

^y-

Muslim women
_j

(in

a deck of cards)

y *aria bridegroom
'irria lair

rj** ma'raj
of ascent
;

pl.

rjLw ma'rip place


jc.

^jt'aroSa

of a lion, lion's den

(route of ) asoent
i

to erect a trellis (* for grape-

rjA* mi'raj
stairs

pl.

rjU* ma'rif

ladder,

vinea), train
trellis,

on a

trellis

or espalier, to
II

to

espalier

(*

vines)

to roof

-1^*- mi'raj pl. jl*stairs;


r}j&\

ma'rif ladder,

over (a
J,jt>

s.th.)

tne

midnight journey to

'ari pl.

^jj*

the seven heavens (made by

Mohammed
|

*uri, J>\j*\ a'ra'

throne; tribe {magr.)

on the 27th of Rajab, from Jerusalem) plydl J lailat al-m. the night of Mo-

jjc
'arffiS1

ariS

pl.

Jj*

'wruS t

Jt\j.
of

hammed's ascension to the seven heavens

arbor,

bower;

hut

made

twigs; booth, shack, ehanty;

trellis (for

jLj
bends,
ities;

ta'rij* (pl.) curvee,

curvatures,

grapevines); shaft, carriage pole

turns, twiste,
lines,

windings, Binuos-

wavy

serpentines

^^1
'*i

El Arish (town in

Egypt, on

Mediterranean)
1 mJ^ ta'rUa pl. ^jUl ta'riS arbor^ bower
;

r-^J ta'arruj zigzag (course)

trellis,

rj*^

muta'arrij

winding,

twisting,

lattice-work

tortuous, sinuous; zigzag

rj^* munarij crooked, curved,


winding, twisting, tortuous, sinuouB
rj*~ mun'araj
pl.

bent,

^y.

'arisa
"k^jS.

{'araa) to
pl.

be lively, gay, merry

'araa

'araal,

^j^

a'ra

vacant
-t bend, turn, curve,

lot; courtyard, court of a

house

twist, angle (of roads, etc.)

,-**

mu'arros pimp, procurer; cuckold

603

J*S
(J s.o., s.th.),

xj*j* 'anufa

u to be or beoome wide, broad,


h

to widen,

enden;

stand up (J against), raise

'aratfa

(*ar4)

objeotions, objeet (J to); to face (Js.th.,


e.g.,

to becomo visible, appear (J to


get in a.o.'e (J) way; to
s.o.), befall

s.o.);

to

a problem) to interfere ( J with), med;

happen

(J to

dle (J in); to put one's mind, turn one's

(J s.o.); to ooeur (J to s.o.),


(J)

attention (J to), go into s.th. (J,

e.g.,

come to
s.o.,

s.o.'a

mind; to turn (J to
of),

a topio); to undertake (J
(J

B.th.),

embark
risk

to

s.th.); to

take care (J

conoern

upon
of),

s.th.); to

expose

o.s.,

be exposed,

o.a.

(J with), turn one's attention, put

be subjeeted (J to
(J
risk
(J

s.th.); to

run the
being

one'fl

mind, apply

o.s.,

attend (J

to),

go

doing or
risk

s.th.);

in (J for),

go iuto

s.th. (J), enter,

embark

to dare,

venture,

(J B.th.)

VI to

(J upon), take up, treat (J s.th.), deal (J with); to ahow, demonstrate, prsent,
set forth,

oppose one another; to be contradiotory, conflict, be incompatible (** with)

display,

exhibit,

lay

open,

VIII to betake
a.o.);

o.a., go,

present

o.a. {*

to

submit, turn in (J* * s.th. to s.o.), lay, put (J* * s.th. before s.o.); to show
(* e.g.,
offer,

to raise an objeetion,

make

ob-

jeetiona, objeet

film),

stage (*

e.g.,

play); to

remonstrate,
resist,

(J to), veto (J s.th.), protest (J* against); to


s.o.,

suggest, propose (J* * s.th. to to subjeet (J* * s.th. to a oritical examination, and the like); to inspeot
s.o.);

oppose (J*

B.th.);

to stand
B.th.),

up

(J or >,
in,

against

b.o.,

against

stand

or obetruet, the
*,

way
(

of b.o.

(* s.th.); to

review (> troops), pass in

or s.th. (J or

);

to hinder impede,

review
eye);

(* s.th., also before one's

mental

obstruet (J
befall
s.o. 's
(

b.o.);
|

to

happen

to

s.o.),

pass.
|

'uritfa
*1

to

be or go mad,

b.o.)

*L^ ^j*l

to

block
( s.o.,

insane
in bis

,j>jL

^ijt.
*J

an bstacle arose
^ijt-

way X

to ask to be

shown

path; ^UU-

a thought
II

* s.th.); to pass in review (> s.th., esp.

ooeured to him, he had an idea

to

in one's imagination, before one's mental


eye), call up, conjure up, call to one's

make wide
exten d (*
s.th.

or broad, widen, broaden,

s.th.);

to expose (J

*,

s.o.,

mind, picture to
to weigh,

o.a., visualize {* B.th.);

to

s.th., esp.

to risk; J > s.th. to

consider,

examine
(*

(*

s.th.);

the sun); to intimate, insinuate (J or

to

ins pect,

review
(*

troops);

to

ex-

V V

s.th.),

allude (J or

<_>

to),

hint (J or

pound, set forth


ruthlessly;

s.tb.);

to prooeed

a*)

J>^ <<j*
s.th.),

to hold B.th. against


{*,
*

to

masaacre without

muoh

the light III to offer resistance


s.o.,

to

ado {* the enemy)


r

to

resist
s.o.

(*,

s.o.,

s.th.),
*);

,j>j*

ar4

pl.

tjijjs-

'wr4 breadth;

work against

or

s.th.

{*,

to

width; presentation, demonstration, Staging,

contradiot, oppose
objeetionsj

(>, * s.o., s.th.),

raise
{*,

show(ing),

Performance;

display,

protest,

remonstrate

exposition, exhibition; Bubmission, fing


(e.g.,

against
s.o.

s.o.,

against s.th.); to be against

of

an application);

proposition,

or B.th.

(>, *);

toavoid, shun
(<_>

{>, s.o.,

proposal, offer, tender; parade; review


{mil.)
;

B.th.);

to compare

* s.th. with) IT to

merchandise,

goods
i_

,j>yJlj

turn away, avert

o.a.

(je from), avoid,

across, crosswise, in breadth;


(falab)
f

ILflj ^^JyJl

shun (j*
up,

s.o., s.th.),

shirk (j* s.th.),give


disoard,
re-

supply and demand; IjjV'^j*


fashion show; JLpl.

abandon,

relinquish,

o. al-ozy*

^^

a.

nounce, disclaim (j* B.th.) ; not to mention


t^es.th.); Jl
s.th.

hl

or

Jl>^
(**-J J )

oVl>j*

ar<jiuhlt
Ja*-

and to

s.th. eise

je o"J^ * turn away from T to resist, oppose

application,

petition,

memorial;

u+j*^

(darajat) al-'a. degree

J**
of latitude; ^-iyJl
ilL-i

604

hibbk

al-'a.

show

&*jj* *or4%
^^j* *ar#

proBodio(al), metrioal

window;

,j>^*JI

^ yaum
croes(in
|

ai-'a.

the

Day

pl.

^jf-

*ird broad, wide;

of Judgment,
j-ij*
'af^I

Doomsday
oompounds),
J*>

extensive, vaat
*ajjft

'arida pl. yjiu^j* 'artff* petitiou,

transverse, horizontal

^j*

(&a#)

application, memorial
,_r*j**

latitudinal degree, geographica! latitude

ma'rid
is

pl. ,j*jl**

ma'rid* place

jjrij*

'\r4>

pl.

,j>lj*'
|

a'rdd

honor,
Ul I rely

where
show;

s.th.

exhibited or displayed;

good repute; dignity

^iLi^*

showroom, stage; exposition, exhibition;


fair (com.); (with foll. genit.) time,
|

on your generosity, have mercy upon

mel
(jrij* ('.

oocaaion for s.th.


'ur4 aide; middle
|

^j** j
...,

(with

foll.

j*J\ ^ij*

genit.) in the

form of
of,

in

...

manner;
l-J
is

il-bahr)

mt sea,
*j
(<?>./-*)

on the high seas;


JJl

on the ocoasion
appearanoe
(laan)
of;

at the ooourrence or

J*jU-I

^yijf

to undervalue,
fl.th.;

...

^j** j
. . .

^/1

Boom, diadain, despise, reject


ruin, thwart,
foil

to

with

foll.

verbal noun: this


;
. .

s.th.;
s.th.
;

to throw a.th.

not the place for us to

^j** j
.

L-J
is

overboard, jettison

^jj. j*

*JI ^lii

j ^^11

let

us not speak of

now, this

('an 'vrdin) he looked askance at him,

not the place to speak of

. . .

LjVl ,j>/**

he gave him a slanting glanoe (con-

^0^. j amid the crowd of people; ^IJl ^0^. j, jM he


temptuously) ;
belongs to the

^Ul

m. aX-axyX fashion show; .Jim_J1 u"j** m. Of-fuhuf preas review

common

^j** mCrad wedding gown

people

^Ijm mi
iJLij* 'ardnl transversal, transverse,
latitudinal;

r&4'.

kaimihl) to mention caaually, say

4.^"^!^** j JU (m. among

measured crosswise
pl.

other things
acoident
,j+lj*> fa'rlff intimation, allusion, hint,

^>j*

ora<f

j>^l

a'rd

(philo*.);

contingent, nonessential ohars.th.

indioation

acteriatio;

nonessential,

con4mjL* mu'drada Opposition (esp. pol,);


resistance, oontradiotion, remonstranoe,

tingent, s.th. aocidental;


featation of disease;
incidentally,

symptom, maniLij* 'aradan, ^>^Ij

by chance

objeotion, exception, protest;

resist-

ance
j-ij* *aradi acoidental (philo.), non*
essential,

(ei.)

unessentiaJ;

inoidental,

ao-

,j>ljftl

i*r4 shunning, avoidanoe, eva^>'j*-l


|

cidental, contingent, fortuitous, caaual;

sion; reluctance
,j>jIm

reluctantly
clash,

oL-ij* 'aro^fydi unessentiaJ


nnessentials;
acoidentaia
|

incidents,

ta'rv4 conflict,

antag-

5_>j* i^Li

onism, oontradiotion, oontrariety


,ji\S*\ i'tir&4 pl. -t resistanoe, Opposition,

venial ain (CAr.)

l^j 'wda target ; (object of ) intention,


intent, deaign; objeot (J of); exposed,

objection,

exception,

oounter-

argument, counterasaertion, counterblast,


riposte,
lation,

subjeot(ed),
foU.
genit.)

liable

(J

to
for,

s.th.);

(with
for,

rebuttal,

rejoinder,

expostur
t,

soitable

fitting

remonstrance, protest; (right of)

appropriate for
^j*jj*'ar$ prosody;
(pl.

veto

(Ist.

Law)

^Ij^Vl

J*- haqq al-i

jl*l a'&rid
|

1
)

(right of) veto (pol.)

last foot of the first hemistich

^jyJI

i*>

i^lj^cJ vti'r4 examination, survey;


parade, review; revue, muaical

'Um

al-'a. metrica,

prosody

show

605

"-J

^Ij^c-I

wffr#

revue-,
J

show-

(iu

ence,

find

out {*
(_

B.th.);

to recognize,
as being
ac-

Compounds), revue-Iike
(Jirya)

47ri\Jz*\

i#y

acknowledge
right
;

s.th.,

* B.th.

show
ii

troupe;

revue

tronpe;

s.th.
(<J

as) ;
s.th.

to

concede,
s.o.),

^I^aI^I

film musioal
pl.

knowledge
(e.g.,

to

allow
(* of);

^jLp 'dr#
a
fair);

-n exhibitor

at

(J m for a.th. in s.o.); to

approve
*,

demonstrator;

(pl.

^jjj*

to distinguish, differentiate (j*


s.th.

b.o.,

'awri^ 3 ) obstacle, impediment, obstruction;

from); pass. 'urifa to be

known
be Bure

temporary disturbance, anomalous


fit,

(_

as,

by the name

of)

*i^A\ J*- J>j*


sure,
J-^J-I

(haqqa l-m.) to condition (physically); attack,


s.th.

know

for

apell;

accidental,

s.th.

nonessential,

an

(of),

be positive (about);

cij*-

accidont; aide of the face;

* jLijUI
al-'rifain

she

was

grateful to him, she appreciated

his service, she gratefully

the cheeks

,>,*jUt

acknowledged
*

<Ja^jp- k.

having a sparae beard; Jj^UI ^jl*


in the

his service II to

announce (*
with
to
<~>

to

s.o. s.o.

middle of the road

s.th.),

inform, adviBe, appnse (*

of),

acquaint {*
(Jl

s.o.

a.th.);
s.o.

to

<*ij\s-'rida pl. -t

woman demonstrator,
{pl.

introduce

woman
beam,

exhibitor;

or u>

s.o.

eise),
eise),

j^jlj*

'awriij, 3 )

have

s.o.)
(<_>

meet
s.o.

(Jl

or

s.o.

aide of the face; doorpost,

jamb;
,

cross-

pressnt

to

s.o. eise);

to define

transom;
(el.)
|

joist,

girder;
*j

purlin;
al-'.

{* a.th.); to determine, apecify, oharacterize, explain (* s.th.); {gram.) to

anode

3->jUJI
*~#j\s-

qwat

make
(

eloquence;
,j>jl*

UjV

mannequin

definite
(*

{*

a noun);

(Chr.)

to confesa

'ridl

accidental, casual, occa-

penitent),

hear the confession

sional
yj*jj**

of
Jl,

s.o.)

also

ina'rd

pl,

^JjU

ma'rif
petition,

become acquainted (^ or J* with s.o.), meet (^ or Jl a.o.) t


to

exposition,

report ;

memorial,
-t

application ;

make the acquaintance of a.o. (u> or Jl); to make o.s. known, disclose one'a identity, reveal o.s. (J! to s.o.); to
o.b.,

pl.

propositions,

acquaint

proposals, offers, tenders; exhibits, ex-

famiarize

o.s.

J* or

Jl with), get to

hibited articles

know
s.th.);

(Jp or Jl B.th.); to sound, explore

^jU.

mu'rid adversary, Opponent,

(* s.th.); to trace, diaoover,

uncover

(*

antagonist, opposer; contradicter


,j+j^*
across,

(gram.) to be or

beoome

definite

mu'tari4
transversal,

running

(noun) VI to become acquainted with one


or

Iying

another,

become mutually acquainted,


other; to becorae acto

traneverse ;

adget to

know each
(<_<

versary, Opponent, antagonist, opposer;

quainted
contradicter; resistance
(el.)
|

with);

come

to

know

<~*jU* *L^
{* s.th.), learn {* about) VIII to confesa,

(jumla)

parenthetical

clause,

parenthe-

admit, acknowledge, own,


to recognize
2

avow

(* s.th.);

(^

s.o., s.th.),

grant recog-

iS

*J z

urd% (from Turk. ordu) military en-

nition

(t_j

to

s.o.,

to s.th.); to ooncede,
s.th.

campment, army camp


t_j^
'arafa
i

acknowledge (J
jli^
'irfn)
J?*J-l)

to s.o.); to
J

make
Jjj^l

a confession, to confesa (Chr.)


(iyw
*

ma'rifa,

to be grateful
s.th.)

to

know

to discern, reo*

(*,

s.o., s.th.);
s.o.,

to recognize, to be cogni-

ognize (*
Jj*

perceive

(*,

s.th.);

zant, be aware (* of s.th.), be acquaint-

'arf

fragrance,

perfume, scent,

ed (* with

s.th.);

to diacover, experi-

aroma

^J*
Jtjf. 'urf

606

beneficence, kindness; custom,

vereant

(i_j
(<^>

with),

more expert, more


(<_j

usage,

practice,

Convention,

tradition,

vereed
of);
(f.

in);

a better coonoisseur
having

habit; legal practice; cuBtom, customary

*\ij* 'arf'*)

a crest or

law

(jur.); (pl.

jl^l a'rf) crest,


|

comb
*>jt.

mane,

crested,

maned
pl. JtjLlore,

(of arooster),

mane (ofahorse)

j*. ma'rifa
edge, learning,

ma'rif 1 knowlskill,

as

was

his wont, according to his habit;

information,
intellection,

in hia opinion; ^.L-JlyJl (siysi) pro-

know-how;

Cognition,

per-

tocol

ception, experience, realization; gnosis;


Jjt-

*urf\

traditional,

conventional,
habitual;

acquaintance,
versedness;

cognizance,

conversance,
person,

usual,

common,

customary,

an

acquainted

an

pertainjng to eecular legal practice (as

acquaintance, a friend; (gram.) definite

opposed to

Sar'i); private, unofficial (as


|

noun;
tion
|

pl.

Jjl*l!

cultural affairs, educa-

opposed to Tcumi)
martial law;

ji/Jl

*p-l

(hukm)

*o*r
ijmi.\

by,
*-

through

(after

the

-W f*-Vl

do.; *J/*

^*

passive);
(jur.)
;

knowingiy, deliberately

(mahkama) court- martial


ijvjt{*_>

-*j**^

*-JjL*i'

j jj

('ummiya)

'arif

pl.

A>j*

minister of education; <*j*


uraf' 2
(*_j

knowing
(qaumihl) of s.th.);

i_^*

j&

he was

s.tb.),

cognizant, aware
,

unknown among

his

people
expert,

authority

specialist ;

teaching
<Jjl**

assistant,

monitor (an older pupil aa-

ma'rif 9

face,

countenance,

sisting the teacher of a

Koran

school);

features

Bergeant
U^aJI

{Ir.);

corporal (C7.i4.it); ^-xlj

tjuy

ta'rif

pl.

-t,

*JijL

ta'rff*

a military rank, approz.: master


(Ir.,

announcement,
caL'on,
tion:

notification,

communi
direo
definition,

Sergeant

Syr.); <J*ij*
(pl.

_-T

approx.

information; Instruction,
'social)

corporal (Ir.);
esp. a teacher

uU^*. 'irfn) teacher,

introduction;
identification,

and precentor of congre-

dotermumtion,
tion, inite

Bpecifica

gational einging (Copt.-Chr.)


Jl^ 'arrf diviner, fortuneteller

i-haim-terization; a rendering def-

(gram.)

iJu^cll
definite

iljl

adt

at-t.

(gram.)
**\j* 'arrf a pl. -t

the

article ;

iLU

(woman)

fortuneteller

iJujoill identity

cant

Ul^

'irfa fortuneteller*s trade; for-

"*JujmJ la'rifa notification,

information,
ta'rlf1 )

tunetelling, divination
<^>{jjt.

appriaing;

(pl.

-t,

iJujlw

'araft Arafat,

name

of a

mounfour

tarifF; price list

tain

and adjacent

piain,

located

JtjM
with) ;

ta'arruf

acquaintance

(*_>

or Jl

houre' distance east of Mecca, where the

exploration,

study ;

Cognition,

Mecca pilgrims spend the Qth day of


Zu'lhijja

knowledge, perception, realization


Jilj^pl i'tirf recognition,

acceptance;
admission,
|

otij* 'irfn Cognition, knowledge, per-

acknowledgment,

avowal,

ception;

recognition,

acknowledgment
|

confession; (Chr.) confession

i_j

lilj^l in

J^*i-1 Lijj gratitude, thankfulness ;

u^*
recognition of; J-J-Ij JiljklM (bi-l-jamil)
gratitude, thankfulness; jlJ^Vl

jlkil

'.

al-fail do.

y\ ahn
(Chr.)

J^l

a'raf*

knowing better more


acquainted,

(->

s.th.),

l-i't.

father-confessor,
I

confessor

more
(l^

cognizant,
better

knowledgeable

J*-^

j*

sirr

al-i't.

sacrament of
i**

of),

more con-

penance

(Chr.);

jl^Vl

mu'aim

607

Jj*
root; LJJI 3j*
'i.

al-i't.

father-confessor, confessor (Chr.);

an-nos aciatica (med.);


noble descent; ^nU

jl tJljT*^!

^ itmustbeadmittedthat...,
. .

J^JI
jj^ll

i_-L

^6

al-'i.
f

admittedly
<Jj^

fayyib

al- %.

of noble descent, high

'Art/
(i^.

acquainted,

conversant,

born;

^Uj
is

Ji^JI

(dasms) blood will

teil,

familir

with); connoisseur, ezpert;

what

bred in the bone will come out


Jj+i

master

(tun,)

in the fleah;

aJ

^^i

to

have a

share in
jl* 'rifa (syr.) sage, wise a village or tribe)
Jjj

s.th.,

participate in a.th.

man

(of

3j* 'araq sweat, Perspiration; arrack,


a strong colorleas liquor

made

of raisins,

ma'rf

known,

well-known;
reoogis

milky white when diluted with water


(esp.

universally

acceptod,

generally

syr.;

eg.

zabib)
J

hjii\

j^

nized; conventional ; that which


beneficia],

good,

al-qirba pains, toil, exertion;

jjlUj 3j*

or

fitting,

good,

benefit;

(zahldwi) a well-known

brand of arraok

fairness, equity, equitableness ; kindness,

made
jt-

in Zahl (Lebanon)

friendliness,

amicability;

beneficence;

favor rendered, courtesy,

mark
|

of friend-

'araqa

transom

between

two

ship; active voice (gram.)

cjj^l or

layers of stone or brick

cJj^-j in

(all)

fairness; with appropriate

aSj* 'araqiya

(eg.)

white cotton skull-

courtesy, in a friendly manner, amicably


J>jj*L\ _^~U ungrateful; jl
(well-)
it is

cap (often worn under the tarboosh)

J>jji\

it

is

known that..., asis well-known...; commonly held that..., itis generally


. .

'>

arqa deep-rootedness; ancient


j

ancestral line, old family


(naaab) noble descent
*J'>-

,_

,;

l |

.*

understood that

JjLc* muta'raf or
usual, customary;
trite,

4_lp

cjj^ common,
trivial,

'arrqiya
(often

(eg.)

white

cotton
tar-

skullcap

commonplace,

worn under the

boosh)

hackneyed, banal

jijt
JjU.
mu'tarif

'ariq

deep-rooted
|

f-UII

confessor

(in

the

jjj*

(qidam)
old;
~<Aijt.

ancient ;

centuried,

centuries-

hierarchy of saints; Chr.)


ai

iLV

^ from an old, respectable


'a.

tjji" mu'taraf bihi recognized, ac-

cepted, admitted, granted, approvcd-of,


licensed, authorized
Jjc- 'ariqa

family; <_JI Ji_^ descent, highborn

an-naaab of noble

jl^l
II

al-'irq

Iraq;

JI_^JI

al-'irqn

a (araq) to sweat, perspire


or
let
(*

to

Baara and Kufa


ji_^'irql

make

s.o.)

sweat,

promote

Iraqi,

Iraqian;

(pl.

-n)

Perspiration; to

add water

(m to a drink),

an Iraqi
j/cl a'raq 2

dilute (* a drink); to take root, strike

more deep-rooted
lean

roots

to

be

deeply

rooted

to

vein,
strike

marble
roots

(* s.th.)

IV to take root,

Jjj ma'rq gaunt, emaciated,


(face,

IV

hand,

etc.)

3j*

'irq pl.

3jj* *urq root; atem


(bot.,

(of

Jja

mu'arriq

sudorific,

promoting

a plant,

of a loaf); vein

anai.);

Perspiration

hereditary disposition; race, stock, descent


|

Jj mu'arraq
rooted
|

veined;

mu'riq firmly

i^jiJl

3jt-

'i.

ipecacuanha (bot.) ;

^j*

ad-dahab ipecac,
'%.

jAJl

3j** (mu'riq, qidam) very

aus licorice

old, ancient, centuried, centuries-old

Jj*
i_jj* *arqaba to

hamstring
pl.

(*

an animal)

(jt II to heap up, pile up, Stack (* s.th.)

uJ^
les'

'urqb

ijIj* 'ardgtft 8 Achil-

VIII to be vicious; to be stubborn, obBtinate, headstrong

tendon; hamstring; 'urqub


liar
|

name

of a

famed
liar

i^yij*

i^Tl a greater

*j*

'arim

vicious ;

strong,

violent,
|

than 'Urqb
'urgbi false, deceitful (promise)

vehement, powerful,
j*j*

terrific;

dam, dike

Jjj^

J^j? (jaiS) numerous, huge

army

Aj* 'urm viciousness (of character);


Jiyt 'arqala to render difficult, complicate,
violence,

vehemence

handicap,

hinder,

hamper,

encumber,
or

Aj* J~-

(sail)

huge quantity, tremendous flood


\j*

impede, obBtruct, delay

(*, s.o., a.th.),

throw obstacles
s.th.
(*,
);

in

the

way

of

s.o.

'urma

pl.

f^*

'uram heap,

pile,

{tun.)
s.th.)

to seize, confiscate,
II

bulk, mass, large amount, multitude


aj,jc

impound
become
hampered,

(*

ta'arqala
difficult,

to

be
or

'arama

pl.

*j*

'aram heap,

pile,

aggravated,

rendered

be

bulk, mass, large amount, multitude


fjlp 'rim viciousjtempestuous, violent,

complicated,

be

hindered,

encumbered,

impeded,

ob-

vehement, strong tremendous, enormous,


;

structed, handicapped, delayed


tljje.

huge
tjAj*

'arqala impeding, hindering, en-

cumbering;

(pl.

JJlj* 'arqiP) en-

'aramram strong,

violent,

vehement

cumbrance, impediment, hindrance; obstaclo, difficulty,

(j*j* criT 0'*0 a numerous,

huge army
lair

handicap
(*
s.th.);

{jj* 'arin pl.

jc 'urun thicket;

of a

iij*

'araka

u (ark) to rub

to

lion, lion's

den
2 Jl_^ 'ar'in

turn, adjust {* the knobs of a radio,

the

like)

to play havoc (* with),


(*
s.th.);

and damage

Cjjt. 'arina pl.

lair of

wild animal
3 t>jjt 'irnin pl. ^Lf* 'arnin upper part of the nose, bridge of the nose

severely

be

'arika

a to be
with

strong

in

battle,

tough fighter
{

III to fight,
s.o.)

struggle, contend

VI to engage in a

fight, fight

one

^.yt r irnds
Sji
'.

pl.

^Ij* 'crom*8 distaff ^U/


|

another VIII
lij*

VI

dura cornoob
'ar

(syr.)

'ark experience (gained through

(jyt) \jc

('arw)

and VIII to
happen
s.o.)

befall,

suffering)
'Sjt.

grip, seize, strike, afflict (* s.o.),

come,

'arka fight, struggle, battle,

combat

descend

upon

s.o.),
(

to s.o.);

to take possession

of

So^p 'arika disposition, frame of mind,

temper, natura
*T,a*

ijj* 'urwa pl. (jj* 'uran buttonhole;


loop, noose, coil; ear, handle (of a jug,
pl.

m'raka, ma'ruka

iijU

ma-

and the
'u.

like);

tie,

bond,

e.g.,

lx-Jl ^j*
;

*rik* battlefield; battle


lilj* 'irk

$-$adqa bonds of friendship


|

support,

struggle, fight, strife, battle,

prop, atay

JJjJl j^JI {tmttq}

the firm,

combat
*T,U. mu'raka struggle, fight,
battle,
strife,

reliable grip or hold, the firm tie

(C* 'ariya a (ury,


nude; to be
<uLJ
(j,*

j_^ *urya) to

be naked,
|

combat

free,

be bare (j* of)

tjj*

iijiw mu'tarak fighting ground, battle

or)

to take off one's clothea,

ground

strip (naked), undress,

have no clothes

j*
on;

^Ul JTj^. tfjt.

(ass) to

be oompletely

reinforce,
s.th.,

fortify,

solidify,

consolidate

unfounded, be without any foundatioa


II to disrobe, unclothe,

undress
bare,
*

( s.o.);

make s.th. strong, powerful, mighty IV to make strong, strengthen, fortify,


reinforce, invigorate, harden, steel (*,
s.o.,

to

bare,

denude,

lay

unoover
of bis

(* B.th.); to strip (*LJ j.

s.o.

sth.); to love
(*, (*,

(*,

s.o., s.th.);

to

clothes); to deprive, divest, strip (j* *


s.o.

honor
prize

s.o., s.th.); s.o.,

to esteem, value,

of s.th.)
r

s.th.);

iSj*

ury

nakedness,

nudity;

un-

endear
strong,

{*, b.o., s.th.)

to make dear, V to be or become


forceful,
in-

saddJed (horae)
*ijt.

powerful,

mighty,

strengthened,
'wrya nakedness, nudity
vigorated,
solidated;

fortifled,

reinforced,
solidified,
(<_

hardened,
to

Conof),

*\j* 'ar*

nakedness, nudity; bareness;


|

be proud, boast
(

open spaoe, open oountry open


air,

l_^)I

in the

pride o.s glory, exult


feel

in)
(_.

VIII to

under the open sky, outside,


l_^JI

strong

or

powerful be

due

to,
(<_

outdoora;
theater
\jjf.

r/-* (mturah) open-air

because of);
of), pride

to

proud, boast
(

o.s.,

glory, exult
(

in); to

arrogate to

o.s.

'wryn

pl.

U^*
|

v s.th.) X to overwhelm,
to become powerful,

'ary naked,

nude, undressed, bare


stark- naked (eg.)

iL

overcome (J*
to

s.o.);

L^*

(malt)

mighty, respected, honored, be exalted;

make

or hold dear,

value highly,

V^iv* 'vrydnlya nudism


al-ma'ri the uncovered parte

esteem

( s.o.)

tijUil

J* 'in might, power, Standing, weight;


atrength, foroe; honor, glory, high rank,

of the body (hands, feet, face)


jl* 'drin pl.
l\jt-

'ur&h naked, nude,

fame, celebrity, renown


f

U>

Her High-

ness

(title);

undressed, bare; free, devoid, destitutc,


bare,

*Li j* j
youth
might,

(Sabbihi) in the

prime of
*jt-

his

deprived,

stripped,

or j*

of s.th.);

denuded (j* blank, bare (e.g., a


a narrative)
|

'ixza

power,

standing,

room), stark
l-loil/l

(e.g.,

^jU

weight;
high
pride
|

strength, force;

honor, glory,

barefoot(ed),
i (*izz,

unshod
be

rank,
t.JU-1

fame,
Ij*.

celebrity,

renown;

power, might;

'azza

ij* 'izza, Jl^* 'azza) to

V^' >"
r
'je.

or beoome strong, powerful, respected; to be or become rare, scarce, be scarcely to be found; to

(qaumiya) national pride;

lJJd\

i.

an-nafs sense of honor, self-respect,

self-

esteem;

:j*Jl

be

or

become

<_*-L* title of a bey


pl. lj*l a'izz'*,

dear,

cherished, preoious (J* tos.o.); Ol 4-1* _)* he is sorry that...; to be hard, diffioult

j_j* *aziz

Ij*l a'izza

mighty,
guished,

powerful,
notable;

respected,

distines-

to hurt, pain (J* s.o.), be painful (J* for s.o.), be hard (J* on .o.) II to make strong, strengthen, reins.o.);

(J for

strong;

noble,

teemed, venerable,

august;

honorable;

rare, scarce, soarcely to


cult,

force, fortify, corroborate, confirm, solidify,


(*,

invigorate, harden, advance, support


s.o.,

be found; diffihard (J* for); precioua, coatly, valuable; dear, beloved (Jp to), cherished,

s.th.);
{*

to consolidate (* s.th,); to raise in esteem,


s.o.);

to honor
elevate,

b.o.); {
|

valued (J* by); friend; ruler, overlord tf .>> my dear! (esp. as a salutation in
letters);

ezalt
(# s.o.)

to

make

dear,

t-JU-t

J-_j*

mighty, powerful,

endear

JL-

jj*.

to strengthen,

strong

j*
j*l

810

a'azz 2

mightier,

more powerful;
;

Js?lj> 'izr'iP Azroel, the angel of death


Jtjt.

Btronger ;

dearer,

more beloved

t$j*)l

al-'uzz a goddess of the

pagan rabs

'azafa i {'azf) to play (Jp on a musical Instrument, * tunes); to play (J to or


for s.o.),
('azf,

y* ma'azza
love

esteera, regard, affection,

make music

(J for s.o.);

Jjj* '*/) to turn

away

(jt from

jj

ta'ziz pl.

-t

atrengthening, con-

s.th.),

become averae (jp to


(jt- s.th.),

s.th.),

avoid,

aolidation, support, backing


Jljtl i'zz atrengthening, fortification,

shun
doing

abstain, refrain (jl from

s.th.)

reinforcement,

conaolidation;

love,

af-

Jjj* 'azf disinclined,


s.th.)

averse (jt to

fection, esteem, regard


jljici i'tizz

pride

(i_*

in)

,JJa.

mi'zaf pl. ijjl* ma'zif* stringed


;

s** mu'tazz proud; mighty, powerful

instrument

O piano
pl.

^>

'azaba

u (vjJ*

'utb) to be far, be
slip,
-rV*

ijjlp 'ztf player, (musical) performer

diatant
s.o. 's

(jt.

from); to
j

eacape
to

{jt.

iij^w ma'zfa

-t piece of

music,

mind)

jUi^l j*

b6

f r-

Performance, recital (on an instrument)

gotten, sink into oblivion;

'azaba

(>

'uzba,

<tjj* 'uzba) to be Single,

j>

'azaqa

('azg)

to hoe, dig up, break up,

unmarried
_;j*

loosen
-^'j*'

(^jVl

al-arfa the soil)

'azab pl. l_*!j* 'uzzb,

a'zb

*j*a mi'zaqa pl.

jjU- ma'ziq* hoe,

oelibate, Single,
*jj*

unmarried; bachelor
Jj*

mattock
'azala
i

estate,

^J* '*ro6 (ep.) country farm rural eettlement


'izba pl.
;

{'azl)

to

remove, set aside,

isolate, separate,

segregate, dctach, cut


s.th.

jJ* 'uzba celibacy;

bachelorhood

off (jp *,

s.o.,

from); to depoee
( s.o.

IjjJ* 'uzba celibacy; bachelorhood


_;j*l

( s.o.), release,
-

dismiss, discharge
maTifibihi of
his

jp 'on

office)

a'zab 2 celibate, Single, unmarried;

bachelor

IV y^'- Jj*' (maTifibah) to give up one's position, resign VII to be or become


isolated,

^w mu'azzab sheik, emir (Nejd)


jjt *azar
i ('azr)

cut
(js.

off,

separated, segregated,

detached
to cenaure, rebuke, reprove,
s.o.);

from) VIII to keep away,


retire,

stand aloof, leave, withdraw; to


eeclude
o.a.,

reprimand

to

refuse to

have
i

anything to do with
curb,
restrain,

s.o.;

'azara
a.o.'a

o.e.,

segregate,

eecede,

detach

to
o.s.

dissociate o.a., separate o.b., isolate

subdue
II

(*

pride,

(j* or *,

from
a.o,,

s.o.,

from

a.th.),

purt

and the Uke)

to

censure,

rebuke,
{jt.

or

*,

with
|

with

s.th.); to

be or

reprcf, reprimand ( s.o.); to refuse to

get deposed
J^jJl

<-U^I J>Vl (kidmata), Jj**l

have anything to do with

s.o.

('amala)

to

retire

from

service,

jj* 'azr censure, blame, rebuke, reproof,

from work, go into retirement

reprimand

J>
censure,

'azl

removal, dissociation, detach(also, e.g.,

j jj
gation

ta'zir

blame,

rebuke,

ment, eetting aside, isolation


in case of

reproof, reprimand; ehastisement, casti-

contagioua disease), cutting-off,

segregation, Beparation; depoaition, dis-

jlj^l i'tizr aelf-discipline

charge, dismissal

j_^-i
|

Jj* Jwl*- (harq)

611

>j*
J>*. mu'tazal
pl. -t (plaoe of) solitude,

fire

wall; J^JI JjU j*. irremovable, aplife

pointed for

tenure (judge)

(place of) retirement

Jjp 'azal unarmedneu, defenselessness

f>
<Sjfi

'azama
resolve

{'azm, i* j* 'azlma) to decide,

'uzui

unanned, defenseless
retirement,
seclusion,
re-

<Jj

(J* on s.th.); to make up one's mind, determine, be determined, be resolved (J* to do s.th.), be bent (J* on adjure (J* s.o.); to invite ( o or Jp to or to do s.th.) II to enchant,
I

'uzla

treat,

privacy; eegregation, Separation,


iso-

s.th.); to
s.o.

detachedness; insulation, insularity,


latedness; isolation; solitude
j

jt

Jj*

spellbind

secluded, segregated, out

off,

detaohed,

(J*

s.o., s.th.,

by magic

riteB)

separated, insulated, isolated from

VIII to decide, resolve (J* or m on s.th.), make up one's mind, determine, be de-

*J> 'izla pl. Jjp a nhiya (Yemen)


JIjA
effects,
'izl
(eg.)

*izal

subdistrict of

termined, be resolved
s.th.),

(J* or * to do be bent (J* or * on s.th.)

fumiture,

household

j>

'azm

determination,

firm

will,

movable goods, luggage


f.

firm intention, decision, resolution; ener-

<J>I a'zaP,

V>

'azl**, pl.
|

Jj*

'uzl

unarmed, defenseless

JjtVl

iJ^JI star

jp
order

'azma decision, resolution;


(<_.

strict

in

the

oonstellation

Virgo,

Spica

to do s.th.)

Virginis (agtran.)

dj** ma'zil pl. JjIa* ma'ziP place of

I*j> olute
**jj*

'azurn determined, resolved, res-

retirement, houae of retreat; seclusion,


segregation, isolation; isolation

'uzma invitation; banquet


'azlma determination, firm
(pl.

ward

(in

a hospita!)
|

jt Jjr separated, detached,

_>
olution

will,

apart, secluded, segregated, isolated from

firm intention;

Ajt.
s.th.),

'az'im')

resin-

u>Jm\

in'izl detachedness,

seclusion,
iso-

<J# to do cantation; spell


pjl*

decision;

segregation, lation

insularity,

insulation;

'zim

determined,

resolved

(J*

to do s.th.)

V[>jl in'izliya isolationism


!_)*.

mu'tazim

determined,

resolved

Jlj^cl

i'Uzl
|

retirement,
i.^i-1

seclusion,
i't.

retreat, privacy

(J* to do s.th.)

Jlj^J

al-kidma

retirement from service

<j> and
'az
i

tfje)

Ijt

'az

('azw)

and

^>

O O

Jjl* 'zil insulator


*Jjl*

{et.)

fazy) to trace (back) (J or Jl * s.th. to an origin), ascribe, attribute,

'zila

pl.

-(,

Jjlj

'awziP

insulator,

nonoonductor

(el.)

OjJ** ma'zl far, distant, remote (jt

Jl * s.th. to s.o., to to Charge, incriminate (J or Jl * with s.th. s.o. or s.th.), blame (Jl * for
s.th.);

impute, owe (J or

from) ; isolated, insulated


Jj*L. mun'azil isolated, Single, solitary.

s.th. s.o. or s.th.), lay the

blame

for s.th.

sporadic
*Sj*l\ al-mu'tazila

on s.o., on s.th.); ^j* 'aziya a (.l> 'az') and l> 'az u (l> 'az') to
o.s. II

(Jl *

take patience, console

to persuade

name

of a theological

school which introduced speculative dog-

to bear with equanimity (j or jt s.th., the death of s.o. or the loss of


{

s.o.)

matism into Islam

s.th.),

comfort, console (jt

s.o. over),

612

J*
give comfort, expreas one'B sympathy, to offer one's condolenoea (* to b.o.) V
coeree (J*
* s.o.

to) II to

make

difflcult

or hard (a s.th.); to act hoetilely (J*

take patience; to conaole

o.s.

(j* for)

toward
b.o.),

s.o.);

tc oppreas, distress
s.o.)

(J*

VII to oonaole

o.s. (*-

with), find solace

bear
(

down hard (J* on


fix,

III to

(^

in)

VIII to trace (back) one's descent

treat

s.o.)

roughly or harenly IV to
in a predic-

(Jlto)
j_jp

be in distress, be in a

ament;
'azw
tracing

to

become
Btraits,

impoverished,
it,

be

back,

ascription,

reduced to poverty, be up against


in

be

attribution; imputation, accusation

financial

live

in straitened

'wo: :j>11 Cr^~ %a8an good ancestry, of good atock

>
J>

al ''*- of

circumstances

to be difflcult,

hard,

trying, adverse (J* for b.o.)

VI

V;

az'

coraposure,

equanimity;

=
j^s.

V; to find

(* fl.th.) difflcult, hard,

comfort,

consolation, solaoe; ceremony

tTying, or adverse
'usr,

of mourning

'u*wr diffioulty,

trying or

>3

ta'ziya pl.

j\^ ta'zin consolation,


|

diBtressful Bituation, predicament, plight,


fix,

solace, comfort; condolenoe

&j
do.

pinch,

press,

straits,

Btraightened

to expreas

one's sympathy, offer one's

circumBtances, distress,
tution

poverty, desti-

condolences; tfjWI :*
doler

{& (qaddama)

muazzin oomforter,

consoler, con-

_* 'asir hard, diffloult; J % tressing, adverse


\j~t. 'usra

trying, die-

= j-*

usr

-j.

'aaaa

ass) to

make the rounds by

night, patrol

by night
body of men)

j^a

'asxr difflcult, hard, hareh,

rough;
Arabia,

Air {mountainous district in


^j^s- 'asas patrol (aa a
*
f.

SW

between Hejaz and Yemen)


_*l a'mr* left-handed;
difflcult

'assa

guard

Jj^U

harder,

more

(ma?na) (formerly:) the bodyguard of


the Bey of Tunisia

j-jm ma'sara
.^. -~
,

j~* 'uar

'Mio
p

tau bone (of the horee);

(pl.

jL-*l

i'ar

poverty; financial etraita,

'usub) a

palm branoh stripped of

insolvency
jj ta'assur diffioulty

ite

leaves

yo'drift* male *-ji ya'tQb pl. vi"W bee, drone; notable, chief, leader

jj
j-**

ma'sr

(living)

in

straitened

cirournstances
--->*

'auaaj boxthorn (Lycium

europaeum
bot.)

mu'sir

(living)

in

straitened

L. and

Lycium arabicum Sohwf.;

circumstances; poor, impoverished


^.n:,.

.W_* 'a*jad gold

muia'assir

hard,

difflcult,

try-

j 1

'asjadl golden

ing, difltressing, adverse


r

Oj-a*

muasjad gilded
('u*r, '*ur)

as'asa to darken, grow dark


i

j^s.

'uro
to be
for b.o.);

and

'arira

('asar)
(

u-*

'asafa

{'tuf)

to

act

recklessly or

difflcult,

hard, trying, adverse


i

thoughtlessly (j in
raahly;

s.th.),

do (j

s.th.)

'asara
s.o.

('cur)

to presa,

to

treat

unjustly,

oppress,

urge

(^

to); to force,

compel,

tyrannize

( s.o.) II

to overburden, over-

613

lA
,_^-*

task, overtax ( s.o.)


(* s.th.) at

IV

II;

to

do

'aaalt

honey- colored,

amber,

random, haphazardly, dispose

brownish

arbitrarily (j of); to deviate, stray (je-

from) VIII to do (*

s.th.)

at

random,
from)

JL*

'assl

gatherer

of honey; bee-

haphazardly; to deviate, Btray


to go astray;
(i_*

keeper, apiculturist
(je-

to force, oompel, coerce

Jl* 'aaadla

beehive

s.o. to)

o'^-i* 'aiaaln hyacinth (bot.)


injustice,

<J*

'aaf

oppression, tyr-

IL** ma'aala beehive

anny
<L_aj ta'sila
(eg.)

nap, doze

J>-* 'asf oppressor, despot, tyrant

J^-*JL-* '(usf oppressor, despot, tyrant


*-*j

ma'sl

prepared

with

honey;

honeyed, honeysweet
J-*- mu'asaal:
mild-tasting

ta'assuf arbitrariness ;
liberal,

an

arbi-

trary,

inaccurate
;

manner
;

of
de-

J_~

jU-j (dukn) a
to its prepfra-

using
viation

tobacco, due
molasaes,

the

language

aberration

aration

with

glycerine,

grant
J-jo
ta'aasufi

oits

or essences
pl.

arbitrary;

despotic,

tyrannical
._

^l* 'usluj
i'tisf

iL*
pl.

'amlij* tender sprig,

Uip

small twig, shoot


I

straying,

aberration,
force

deviation ;

coercion,

compulsion,
in

j]c 'uslj

^JL.* 'aalif tender

}U_*

'aaqaln*

Ashkelon (seaport

SW
1
l

Bprig, small twig, shoot

Palestine)

j-*

'<**>

with
be,
it

foll.

an and subjunctive:
jj l

it

j$i-* 'askar pl.

troops

^TL* 'askir* army, host, JjLi jTL* (ibitlya) constabarmy-

might

could be that..., possibly...,


j

maybe..., perhaps...

lS

L.

ulary, pohce troops


ifj&^c- 'aakari mihtary,
(in

what might be...?!


should
I

J*il l ,j-* liL,

do?

^Lj

^U

what

(yanfa'u) of

pounds);
(pl.

pl.

jijSL^}\

the

military;

Com-

what use could

this possibly be? L-* IjU

6yu what could he


{S-t-

possibly say?

^TL-*

'aokir*) soldier; private (mtl.);


pl. enlisted

policeman;

men, ranks

'a$iy appropriate, proper, fitting


|

(with personal conBtruction)


ajjSL** 'askarlya military service; mili(l

>_

lS

^ jm,

or) ij
...

tarism;
liness

soldiership,

soldiery,

soldier-

to
for

it befits him (them) ji-* or that he (they) ..., it is proper

him

(for

them) to

...

or that

he

mu'askar

pl.

-t

military en|

(they)...

campment, army camp; camp


J Uta- VI concentration camp

Jyn*

'^U J*

'sin dry, withered, wilted

J~*

II to
;

s.th.)

to sweeten,

prepare or mix with honey (* make sweet or pleasant

II to

build a nest, to nest; to take root,


established,
settle

become

in

VIII

to

(* s.th.)

build a neat, to nest


pl.

J~* honey
treacle;

'asal
|

JL*I
'a.
;

a'sl,

Jj* 'u&l

^s- 'uss
~<ZJls-

pl.

J.\J*

isS,

^11*1

a'i,

J>*~
j.j-1

J*
do.

sukkar molasses,

'isaSa nest
r

J*

J-Jl

^ mkr

al-'a.

i-i*

u$$a,

'iUa

pl.

JJ^. *u8a$, 'iSaS

honeymoon

hut, shanty, shack, hovel; arbor,

bower

,_JLp 'a&iba a,

a$uba u to be grassy, grassII

j*

'a&ir pl.

'_ri*-

uSar' 3 companion,

covered (ground)
v^^p '56
a'Sb
(green)

do.
n. un.
)

feow, asaociate, friend, comrade


pl.

(coli.;

i->li*l

*j\s.

'a&ira

pl.

j-'li*

'aS'ir*

clan,
;

gross,

herbagc,

plante

kinsfolk,

dosest

relatives ;

tribe
_/li*JI

pl.

pasture
i~e.

y*U-JI (ayr.) the

Bedouins

^j*-

'uSba plant, herb

haras
herbal,

al-'a.

Bedouin police (responsible

for surveillance of the

nomads)
Bedouin
(adj.)
|

lc 'u&bi herbaceous, lS
table, vegetal,
J_jJj- <tj-jf

vegejj-'li*
|

plant-

(in

Compounds)

'aS'iri

(syr.)

herbarium

jyLJI
in gross
-il* *\j_y*\*

j/Jl

r (

r/) the

customary law

,_

&

of the Bedouins
r

aSib grassy,

abundant

'Sr aaura

*, -,

\jy-c-

-, 'air' unuru 2 ,

fjt
'.

jLi* 'aSba luxuriant Vegetation


i_

IjjiU

,' mu'Sib

grassy, abundant in grase

yaum '., Ijj-il* J Ashura, name of a voluntary


mourning
sacred
to

lailat

fast

day
the

on the tenth day of Muharram; day of


CjjJOj- 'aStart 2 Astarte

the

Shiites,

jZ* 'amra u to collect the tithe


m of s.th.) II
III

from

s.o.,

anniversary of Husain's martyrdom at

I;

to divide into tenths

Kerbela (lOth of Muharram A. H. 60)


j_ri* 'rn twenty
j** ma'Sar pl. ^l** ma'Hr* assemblage,

to be on intimate terms, asaociate

(closely) ( with s.o.)

VI to be on intimate

terms, associate with one another, live

togethor
r

Community,

Company,
^LiJI
|

society,
_

group, troop; kinsfolk


^is-

uSr

pl.

jLi*l aSr,

jjt*
|

'vJir

one

rt*^

\j

y ma'Sara S-Sabb oh ye young men!


jli** mi'Sr

tenth, tenth part; tithe

jLi*. j.1 *u.

mi'&r one hundredth


iSj^f- 'usri

one tenth, tenth part

decimal

(adj.)
(adj.)

i^Lfc*

mu'sara (intimate) association,

intimacy, social relations, Bocial inter^SjlJUi


~9jl*

a'Mrl decimal
(intimate)

course;
'iSra

Company,

society,
Joint ness

companion-

association, inrelations,
;

ship;

Community,

timacy,
cial)

companionship,

(so-

conjugal Company Community, Community of husband and


intercourse,

j-iU.

muSir companion,
comrade

fellow, as-

aociate, friend,

wife

l* 'a&iqa

r (

iSq)

to love passionately

(*, (*,

"*J^ first ten days of

'a&ara

(f.

jl*

'alt) ten; ^i*'!

the

s.o., s.th.),

be passionately in love
with
s.th.)

Muharram
(f.

with
'^S*

s.o.,

II

to

fit

tightly

together,

interjoin

closely,

dovetail (*

j.U o^kJ

taltata 'aSara

<L>^
s.th.);

to couple, connect (* s.th.; techn.)

talta 'aSrata) thirteen

V
tena,

to court,

woo (U a woman), make

love

j\jZ*

'asart

some

tens (of);
of...,

(U to a woman)

decadea; (with
Bcores of
. .

foll.

genit.)

dozens

JJU 'Hg
(eg.)

love, ardor of love, passion

jLl* 'iSr
(animal)

with young, pregnant

J..1*

'aUq lover, sweetheart (m.)


(f.)

_JL* 'a&iqa beloved, sweetheart


J..1* iS5iq lover
r

jLL* 'a&&r collector of the tithe

; ,

J^ijJ ta Sig tight interjunction, dovctailing; coupling (techn.)


J*il*

uMt. 'assa

{'ass,

'aaaa) to

be or become

hard, harden
^j*-**

'Sig pl. -n,

JLl* 'uUq lover;

fancier, fan,
(pl.

-phile (in
2
}

Compounds);

usas,

usus coecyx
to wind, fold,
tie,

Jii_* 'awSig

knucklebone; (game

-* 'asaba

i ('aab)

bind,
s.th.);

of)

knucklebones

wrap (J*

* s.th.

around or about

to bind up, bandage (* s.th.); to fold


i5^L** ma'&q lover, sweetheart (m.)
(* s.th.); to
(f.)

wrap

(* the

head) with a
|

^l** ma'suga beloved, sweetheart


(j-i*

brow band,
clogged his
fold

sash, or turban

U j> ** w J\

(riqu fhu) the saliva dried in his

mouth,

and

,^1*)

Li* 'aS
r

('a&w).

and

,^1*

mouth

II

to

wind around,

'aHya a

(Li*

oian) to be dim-sighted;

around, tie around, wrap around

to be night-blind II to

make
;

dim-Bighted,

(m s.th.); to

bind up, bandage (*

s.th.);

make
m

night-blind

( s.o.)

to give a dinner
(s.o.,

to wrap (a the head) with a brow band,

(for8.o.)

IV to make dim-sighted

the eyes) V to have dinner (or Bupper),

V to wind the turban round one's head, put on the turban; to


sash, or turban

to dine, to sup
Li*

apply a bandage, bandage


dim-sightedness;
nightaides, to

o.a.;

to take

'aSan

side (*., J with;

J* against);

blindness, nyctalopia
,jl*

to cling obdurately or fanatically (J to);

to be fanatic, bigoted, be a fanatic, a

'aHy evening
r

zealot; to form a league, clique, group,

Li*

aS*

pl.

JLcl

a Siya

dinner,

team team

gang
up;

or

coalition

gang

up

supper

j^l

LUI

{sirri)

the Lord'a

to-

piot,

conspire,

collude,

aupper, the Eucharist (Chr.)


Li* 'i&* evening;
{Ist.
(f.)

connive(J* against) VIII to form a league,


clique, group, team, gang, or coalition,

evening prayer

Law)
'afooa

gang up, team up; to go on


strike

strike, to

ij-1*

darkness,

dark,

gloom

._**

'aaab

pl

dinner, supper

^ L*

a'ab

nerve

sinew
jLl*

'aSwa dim-sightedness; night-

blindness, nyctalopia
i-i* 'a&iya
pl.
-l,

{S*u.

'aaobi

sinewy,

nerved,
neuro-,

nervy
neur|

nervous,

neural,
;

nerve-,

IjU* 'aSy (late)


'a&iyata

on Compounds)
^Ijll
(j-*!!

nervoua, high-strung

evening
|

^1

i.1*

amai last

night, yesterday in the evening; S-JL* j>j

jr** nervous, high-strung; JljA-J (jahz) the nervous System; 3JL*.

\j\&j

(duhk)

from one day to the


all

i-*-^*nervou8ness,nervosity;

rJI _'it

other, overnight,
r

of a sudden

{duj) neuras the nia


1-U* 'asabtya nervousness, nervosity;
(pl. -i)

\jt,

aSw' a darkness, dark, gloom;

also aee ,^1*1 a'S


fjttA

'a&w' 2 dim-sighted;
blind, senseless

zealous partiBanahip, bigotry,

a'S,

f.

I_^l*

fanaticism;
esprit

party
corps ;

spirit,

team

spirit,

night-blind,

nyetalopie;
desultory,

aimleas,

de

tribal

solidarity,

ra-

haphazard,
I>1*

t-^
|

cialiam, clannishnesa, tribalism, national

J*^

yakbifu

kabfa

'a&w'a

he

consciousness, nationalism

acts blindly, thoughtlessly, at random,

i-^* 'aaba

pl.

^^u. 'usab

(eg.)

a black

haphazardly

headcloth with red or yellow border

616

<-m* *afaba
'upab

pl. -t

and

'u$ba pl.

<^*e
Asso-

era, time; period;

epoch; afternoon;

(f.)

union,

league,

federation,

aftemoon prayer
(hajari) the

{Ist.

Law)

jA-l
|

./-*"

ciation; group, troop, band, gang, clique;

Stone Age; ^li-1

j-*)!

the

afaba paternal relatione, relationship, agnates


|

present (time), our time; j-**j j-*p JT

v*^

i_^p 'ufbat al-umam the

[wa-maprin) always and everywhere, at

League of Nations
Vi~** 'o#*& hot, crucial,
stage)
i-^Uap
'*06
critical (tne,

any time and any place


iSj~**
'a#ri

modern, recent, present,


(pl.

actual, contemporary;

-n)

a con-

band, Iigature, dressing,

temporary
*iy-** afriya
r

bandage
iL*t 'ipba pl. i_-jU*
Iigature,
'ap'ift*

modemism
is

band,

_r-**

'aflr

that which

pressed or

dreeaing,
fillet;

bandage; headcloth,
frontlet;

headband,
(pl. -t)

brow band,
league,

as|

squeezed out, (squeezed-out) juice, extract


(also fig.); the best,

the pick, the prime

union,

federation,

ofs.th.

sociation ;
JtUJ^I

group, troop, band, gang


'i.

jmip *aj%ra (squeezed-out) juice

obLP

al-kaff

bands

of

robbers; oIjLmJI
war(fare)

l_j_^-

harb

al-'i.

guerilla

jL** 'ufr

juice,
pl.

sap
-t

jL* 'ufra
phyaiol.)

juice,

sap (also

i^-M
bigotry,
spirit,

ta'afpub fauaticism, ardent zeal,

fanatical

enthuBiaam

party
ra-

jL** a#pm
press;

pl. -t press,

squeezer;

oil
'a,

partiaanahip;

clannishness,

cane press (also

<_~aJI

*jL*

cialiam, race coneciousness, tribalism


b^Uoifrl i'tifb pl. -t strike

al-qapab); wringer
(_j>

jjL**

'aariya

yaumin one

after-

i_*:-

mtda'a$pib

fanatically

enthu-

noon
jL**l i'r
pl.

siastic (J for); enthusiast, fanatic, bigot,

_-*UI a'djrir* whirlwind,

zealot

tornado,
flour

cyclone,
al-i.

hurricane

-^

jUap^/I didd

~*t 'afida a thick paste made of


clarified butter

anticyclone
pl.

and
j^** mt'jjara
squeezer;
oil

_^U*

ma'fir* press,

press; oane press

** 'a$ara

fa^r)

to press (out), squeeze


iSj~*** ma'jjart (tun.)
oil

(out) (a s.th., e.g., grapes, olives, etc.);

a brand of lamp

to wring {* s.th., esp. wet clothea); to

compreaa (*
orary
(

s.th.)

III

to be a contemp-

s+Xm*

mu

#ir

contemporary, contem-

of

s.o.);

to be conteraporaneous,

poraneous; a contemporary

coeval, or concomitant {* with)

to be

pressed (out), be squeezed (out) VII


VIII
s.th.,

V
(a

'is'ufl,

'ap'af pl. ,j^*U* 'aQ'isr


r

coccyx

to

press

(out),

squeeze
etc.)

(out)
|

'aafa

a#f,

Jjy^t- *uff) to storm,


<i

e.g.,

grapes, olives,
to

^jcsS

rage,

blow violently (wind);


s.th.

<_i**.

to

Oj--

(jabinah)

knit

one's

brows

blow

away, carry
s.o.

s.th.

away

(wind);

(pensively)

to shake

thoroughly, through and

s+*

'agr (act of ) pressing (out), squeez(pl.

through
Ja^l*. 'a$f

ing (out); (act of) wringing (out);


j~*.\ a'fiur, jj~*s-

storming, blowing; stalk and

'ufr, jL*pl a'pr) age,

leaves of grain

;;

617

<a~p
jl__e-

a$fa (n. vic.) gust of wind, blast

l*~** 'ima hindering, hindrance, pre-

u#fa chaff; straw

vention, obviation; preservation, guarding,

safeguarding ;

defense ;

protection

tJLM*L* '^i/

blowing violently

._m*1*

chastity, purity, modesty, virtuousness;

(rlh) or

iwl*
r

j violent wind, gale

impeccance,

sinlessnesa,

infallibity
|

-#l* ^t/a

pl.

lJuJj 'awfif* violent

**-_Jl 4_*-L* title of ladies of high social

wind, gale, tempest, storm, hurricane


1 _r

Standing;
riage;

^tScJI

^p
j

the bond of mare.o.'s

^i U**e

under

custody,
s.o.;

Ld usfr safflower (Carthamus tinctorius


'

protection, or power;

married to

bot.);
ita

the red

dyestuff prepared

Crom

U.0

l+z**** cJju^

ja'alat 'iamaiah fi

flower heads

yadihd she

made

herseif independent;

jJu*** mu'a#faT
% jji~*s.

dyed with *u$fur


'o#d/ir"

she became or remained independent;


1-4*-jj i> lf*+~** dM fakka 'ipmatah min zaujih to revoke the huaband's matri-

'ttffT

pl.
j

jJLt*

sparrow;

any small bird

oLl jj*~** ' al-janna


(mv^annin) warbler

monial authority over his wife


T fLtp ism

(jur.)

awallow; jjji j.>i-* (dort) house spar-

row

ji.

j_^i-*

pl. 5_*pl

a'fima, *** 'upum,

6j\ jj-as. (jfcann)canary; (l^L^I) ->,**


(-i*-lj)

l*Lp 'ifm strap,

thong
noble,

_^*

jjj'i^c
to
^JJI
kill

(apba,

'uffraini

i/Lap 'ifmi
guished
(due

eminent, distin-

bi-kajarin)

two birds with one


_^.Ul

to one's

own

merits, aa
(pl.

atone;

Je

jji**

opposed to i/Uc 'izmi); self-made;


-n) self-made

V-iJl (fcairun

min

ajjfa, &*/ara)

a bird in

man

the

hand

worth two in the bush

i~.L** 'ifmiya self-made success

(proverb)
*^*l dtpam*,
IjjJl^u- 'ufra
f.

Ip-*

'a^m' 2 ,

pl.

-^*

female sparrow; dowel,

*u$m having a white foot (animal); excellent, valuable, precious

pin,

peg
asylum,

'ujjJLsu- 'nsfriya (syr.) insane

vi/*" * ->**' *^*^l (gurb) rarer than a white-footed


|

madhouse
J-^*
to
'afiala

crow (proverbially of
('a#l)

s.th. rare)

to bend, twiat,

(* s.th.);

warp

r< mi'fam

pl.

^Upl.

ma'fim2 wrist

'a#ila

('apal)

to be twisted;

y^-*""

ma'fam

^L. ma'pim*

warp (wood)
r

traffic island, safety isle


lL*i*l

-^* 'aaama

apm) to hold back, reatrain,

i'tipm clinging, adherence

(i_>

curb, check, prevent, hinder (*,


a.th.);

s.o.,

to),

maintenance, preservation, guarding,

to

preserve,
(*,

guard,

safeguard,
s.th.)
;

safeguarding
~oIp 'im protector, guardian
ijr*U

protect,

defend

s.o.,

to

immunize, render immune

( s.o.,
(i_>

med.)

YIII to cng, keep, adhere

'$ima

pl. ***\je

to); to
city, metropolis

'awsim 2 capital

seek shelter or refuge


refuge,

(i->
;

with, in), take


to

resort

(i_.>

to)

keep
(i_>

up,
s.th.,
il"L* j-

P_om ma'pm
Law);

inviolable, sacrosanct,
(Isl.

maintain,
e.g., ^1.^^.1
bi-r.
Li

guard,

preserve

protected by the laws of Vendetta

bi-p-pamt ailence,

^U-l

infalble, sinless, impeccant, im|

il-ja'S

equanimity)

X =

YIII;

to

peccable
(j-ae)

JJjJl

^
(f.)

(>-** (zalal)

infalble

resist (a
'<***

temptation)

L*p 'asan
a'pin

pl.

'uema necklace

u**\

staff,

rod

^** '<9y, wand


;
;

'ty,
stick

618

Walking stick, cane; accpter, mace;


marshal's)

(field
*a.
.

<~~***

ma'fiya disobedience, Insubordiinsurrection,


(pl.

baton

*J Lij 111

L**

nation, refractoriness;

ae-

1-mriSliya field marshars baton;


LajJi

dition, revolt, rebellion;


'pin) sin

,^1 ma*

lab

al-'a, (eg.

t_..

Li^) singlestick

fencing
areas);

(a populr
L**J1

game,

esp.

in rural

LajC-I

iati'p'

refractoriness,

re-

j>

(Saqg)

to dissent, se-

calcitrance,

obstinacy;
;

impenetrability,

cede from the Community; plUI L** j^i


to rebel, revolt, renounce allegiance; j-i
fjji\

unfathomableness

difficulty;

malignan-

cy, virulence, insidiousness;


failure,

mechanical

L** {'as l-qaum) to


the
people;

sow diasension
c-JLil

breakdown, malfunction;

jam,

among

.aL*p

(m*

miafire (of a firearm)


,j^l* 'in pl. iL** 'u$h diaobedient,

iayjai) they feil out (with

one another),
insubordinate, rebellious,

broke with one another


L** 'ash
staff,

mutinous,

ri-

rod; wand; stick

otous,

seditioua,

subversive ; rebel,

in-

*jL*p 'asdya staff, rod;


stick,

wand;

Btick;

Burgent; sinning, sinful


(J*;*

Walking

cane
little

muta'assin

difficult,

intricate,

4-^* 'usayya

stick,

little

rod;

implicated, involved, delicate; incurable,

bacillus

irremediable

'cw

('ay,

Lau

"la'siya,

jLi*

,_^**i *

mwto'jim

difficult,

intricate,

'isyn)

implicated, involved, delicate; incurable,

to disobey, resist, oppose, defy (*


in
s.th.),

s.o.

irremediable
one's
i* 'adda (Ist
^j*~*r

refuBe,

or

renounce,

obedience (*
revolt
(

to s.o. in s.th.), rebel,


s.o.) III

pers. perf. 'a^ftu)

{'a44>

against

I;

to be
in-

a4i4)

to

grab
*,

with the teeth,


to bite

or

become

difficult,

intricate,
difficult,

or

bite (tj or

J or

s.o., s.th.);

volved

(affair)

VI to be

hard,

into s.th. (*); to hold on, cling, cleave


(i_j

inacceaeible, or imposBible (J* for s.o.);

to); to *-+

torment

( s.o., e.g.,

hunger)
yoJl

to refuse {jp

to

do

B.th.)

VIII

= V

uL*jJI

(zamnu) or

*jL>

<u*p

to resist, oppose, withstand, defy (Jp s.o., s.th.), revolt, rebel (J* against s.o.);
to

'addah d-dahra bi-nbiki Urne, or fate,

gave him a raw deal, heaped


tribulations

trials

and
re-

be

recalcitrant,

insubordinate,

re-

upon him, he Buffered

bellious;
s.o.);

to be difficult, hard (J* for

verses II to bite fiercely or frequently


(*,

to

be

malignant,

insidious,

in-

s.o., s.th.)
r

curable (disease); to elude, escape, defy


{je s.th.), be

beyond

s.th.

(jp);
fail,

(of

an
for

i* j4 small prickly shrubs, brambles _r

instrument, machine, etc.) to

break

Uc 'adda a bite
(j^Lip 'addd (given to) biting, snappish,

down
s.o.),

(J* on s.o.), refuse to fail to operate


pl.

work ( J

mordacious
'add (given to) biting, snappish,

** 'a$iy (J

-n, L-^ipl

asiya

rebel;
|

<j+j~t-

intractable, refractory, recalcitrant

MttS

mordacious
Ju- 'adb sharp, caustic, acid (tongue)

^LJl 'apiy an-nufq unable to speak, in-

capable of speech
*'l_.ar-

'i$yn diBobedicnoe, insubordiinsurrection,


re-

ip 'adada

('add)
(*,

to

help,

aid,

assist,

nation, rofractorinesa ;
volt, rebellion, aedition

support, back
(

b.o., s.th.),

stand up
II

for

s.o.),

advocate

(*

s.th.)

and

619

>
ILm mu'dila
difflculty,
pl.
-t,

III

I;

VI to help,

aasist, or

Support

one another, give mutual help, assistanoe,


or

problem,

J*L* ma'fil* dilemma, puzzle,

support

to

work hand

in

hand,

enigma
*Ui* '^A fair-sized thorny shrubs

cooperate
.U 'add help, aid, assistanoe, support,

backing;

helper,

aide,

assistant,

sup-

_^-p

'udw

pl. Li*! a*4*

member, limb, organ


(of

porter, backer

(of the body);


tion)
(

member
(afill)

Ui* 'a4ud (m. and f.) pl. jL-*1 a'dd upper arm strength, power, vigor,
;

J-*l jJu.

regulr

an Organizamember;
j-i*
(ihti*

iaJl jJu.

pistil (bot.); J*lx*-\

yfi) Substitute

force
s.o.,

*-Ui*

J-i

('adudah) to aid, assist


ber; j^Tidl
s.o.;
,>d.l *x*i*

stand by

j* he

member, alternate memjJu. stamen (bot.); ,jji*i jj*

is

(fakri)

an indispensable aid to bim


-l~*jJ

honorary member;

J--W
Jj-dl

Li*l a.

at'tansul
ta'did

and U-kI Li* VI the sexual


(duwal)
states; 1i*V' JulJj 1* '*Jm

help,

aid,

assistance,

organs, the gen it als; LIpVI

support, backing
-Ulw mu'4ada help, aid, assistance,

the
j.

member

aZ-a.

physiology

support, backing

olj_ip 'itduwt female members

4iLiJ

ia4ud

mutual

aid,

mutual

jj-Ap 'u^wt organic; jj-ApV or


<jjJt*

j*p

assistance, Cooperation i;-ULJ ia'dudi cooperative (adj.)

inorganic

*;j~Ap

<UT

(jfcutfa)

organism
<Ij*a*

'udvnya

pl.

-(

membership;

-Um mu'addid helper, aide, assistant,


supporter, baoker

organism

.W
J-i* 'adaa
r (

'a^tfta

fafaft) to perish,
II

be destroyed,
wreck,
(*

adal) to be or become muscular

'adala u
cult,

be ruined

to ruin, destroy,

fa^O from marrying IV


or mysterious

to prevent (U a to be or

woman) become difflenigmatic,


|

damage,

injure,

impair, mar,

spoil

s.th.); to spiee,

mull (*

s.th.); to

brew,

problematic,
(<~>

puzzling,

mix
spoil

(a

a drink) IV to ruin, destroy,

or

fors.o.)

lull

J-i*l

wreck,
(*,

damage,
*

injure,

impair,
to be

mar,

LLVI

(afibbaa)
skill,

the

disease

defied all

s.o., s.th.)

damaged

medical

gave

the

physicians

VIII => I
i_-Lp

headache, posed a puzzling problem for


the doctors

V .U^l

,UI

j^3

= .Ul Jl*l

*afab perdition;

wreck

(e.g.,

of
in-

ships)

destruetion,

ruin;

damage,

jury J-i* 'adi/ muscular, brawny


i

ta'fib

damaging, ruin(ing), wreck,

U-Ap 'adala
*la--lj

pl. -l,

J-Ap o^a2 muscle

destruetion
i_-U ta'affub

Lp extensor; iJutf UAp flexor

a suffering of damage,

J-ip 'adali muscle-, musculo-, muscul(in

impairment, ruin
JosII

Compounds), muscular
to perfume, scent
o.a.

(*,

s.o.,

s.th.)

JLAp

udl

inveterate,

chronic,

in-

V to perfume
Jan
'ifr pl.

curable (disease)
j^Lft 'ufr, olj_^p 'ttfrt
|

J-**

mu'dil

dficult,

problematic,

perfume, scent; essence

jjjJI

_^p

'.

al-

puzzling, enigmatic, mysterious

ward attar of

roses, rose oil

620

Jm*
matio

'afir
|

sweet-smeUing, fragrant, arobrilliant

'afaijiya

stoker,

*^& **f (aum'a)

or
.L*kc 'afata to clamor, yell
;

excellent reputation
,jjLe
'ifri

to be uproarious,

sweet-smelling, fragrant, arok

very noisy
J*Us
r r

m&tio

afafa

aff)

to bend, incline,

bow

*l^p
Bcent

'ifriya pl. -i aromatic,

perfume,

(* a.th.); to incline, lean (Jl

toward, to);

to

j* 'affr perfumer, perfume vendor;


druggiat
SjlL 'ifdra

s.o.),

be favorably disposed (J* toward be attached (J*> to b.o.), harbor


feel

affection (J* for), be fond (J* of s.o.),

have or drag businesa; perfumeries


(J*>

compassion,
(J* for
<*

sympathize
s.o.);

with

a.o.), feel

to turn
incline,

drugs

away
'fir aweet-Bmelling, fragrant, aro|

(j*

from) ;

iJLe

to

^tU
matic

dispose s.o. ( J* toward),


or

awaken

affection

LiJI

^tU

*At-

JJ1 atn 'aiaihi

sympathy (J*
J*
to
*j

for) or intereat

(J* in

'tira t-fan* to extol s.o. to the skies

s.th.);
a.th.,

<JJp to

make

s.o.

appreciate
heart; iJLe
s.o.

bring s.th. close to


dissuade,

s.o. 's

scented J*** miSaffar perfumed,


ijlL* 'ufnd? (the planet)

j*

*i

alienate

from

Mercury
'ttfd)

II to fold, double, fold

up

(* s.th.); to

make
Lr

s.o.)

favorably
heart,

disposed;

to to

S
II

'ofiua

('afs,

^U*

to

mweze

soften

b.o. 's

()

move

s.o.;

to cause
f

{ s.o.)

to sneeze

awaken
(

affection,

sympathy, tenderness
fill

i_L* ofM

(n. vic.)

a sneeze

in s.o.,

J*

for); to

with affection,

^*

'tifJ*

aneezing, Bneezes

,j-jiU 'dfa snuff (tobocco)

J* or jbe favorably disposed (J* toward a.o.), be attached (J* to s.o.),


love, etc. ( s.o., * b.o.'s heart,
for)

to

,^-Lw ma'/w pl.

^U. ma'fi^ noee


II

be fond (J* of b.o.), have or pasBion, sympathize (J* with


(J*>

feel

comfeel
|

s.o.),

^^

'af Ja

{'afai)

to be thirsty, to thirst

for b.o.); to deign

(^

to do a.th.)

to long, languish, thirat (Jl for)

to

JiIWIIj i_'-l"" to in

put on a coat, wrap

o.s.

m&ke
a.th.)

thirsty, cause to thirst (*,

s.o.,

a coat or cloak Yl to harbor mutual


be attached
to

IV s
(

II;

V to thirat,

languish, long,

affection,

ose another
crooked, or

yeam

Jl for)

VII

to be bent,

inclined,

^L
JA*.

curved; to bend, curve; to bow,


'afai thirst

make a

bow; to turn
'aji& thirsty; dry,
1
,

off (Jl

toward,
etc.);

to), turn,

parched (ao)
'a/#, pl.

swing

(Jl into

a road,
(Jl,

to be faat-

JLiU
'ifdf

'otfan

f.

^*

^IL*

vorably disposed

J* toward), be

thirsty; covetous, deairous (Jl of),

languiahing, yearning, craving ( Jl for)

tached ( Jl, J* to), be fond ( Jl, J* of ), have or feel compassion, sympathize (Jl, J*
with), feel (Jl, J* for s.o.); to turn away, <_jL turn around VIII iJiliuJIj _'*Ut*1

^U
(Jl (Jl for)

'f thirsty; covetous, desirous of), languishing, yearning, craving

jIWj X

to ask for, or seek, s.o.'s

()

compassion or sympathy; to entreat, bemuta'aftii

J^Ca

thirsty;

covetous,

Beech, implore ( s.o.); to affect winning

desirouB (Jl of), languiBhing, yearning,

or conoiliatory mannera, display affection; to seek to conciliate, propitiate, or

craving (Jl for)

621

Jh
tion,

win over (*^U- ^firah or


aeek to be friends
(*

s.o.);

to

attachment,

liking,

kind(li)nees

with s.o.); to try

feeling, sentiment

to attraot or win {* *.th.)


<JaL* 'ff bend(ing), inclination, curv-

J1U
emotive,
loving

'fi

sentimental;
tender,

emotional;
affectionate,

feeling;

ing,

curvature;

corner;

aympathy (J*

with), affeotion, attachment, liking (J* ^iUII (y-) SUI aeUU (harf) al-'a. for)
|

4-iUU 'fifiya Bentimentality; emotionalism, emotionality

conjunction {gram.); LJI

.kW.

a.

al-

bayn explicative apposition (gram.)


JmL* body)
|

J^
;

mun'afaf

pl.

~t

(road)

tarn,

curve turn, turning, winding, tortuosity,


twist, bend; lane, alley,

'//

pl.

JiUtfl a'tf aide (of the


{/J

narrow

gtreet

JiLL*Vl

tayyin ai-a. tractable,


-*/" (tarannahat)

iJtUc*

musta'fif imploring, beeeeohing,

dociie, pliant;

JiU^VI

supplicatory; tender, affectionate

they were carried away, beoame ecstatic;


#U*pl

Jk

-> to combine, encompaas,


s.th.

JW 'afila a
(>
of

("afal)

to be destitute, be devoid

comprise

lack (o- fl.th.); to be idle, not to work, rest; to be without work,


s.th.),

*jiL* 'a//a

turn, turning, twist, curve,


-t,
t_

be unemployed II to leave without caxe,


to

bend;

(pl.

'vfaf)

blind alley,

neglect

(*,

s.o.,

s.th.);

to leave
s.th.);

dead end
JiUtf

(eg.)

without work, leave idle (* s.o.


'u/u/,

'ifd/ pl.

Ltl

a'/t/a

to
(*

hinder,
s.th.);

hamper,

impede,

ohBtruct

coat, cloak
Jijiu- 'aff

to interrupt, suspend, defer,

discontinue,

stop

compassionate, sympathetic,
activity);

to

affectionate, loving, tender, kind


ii^Li*

(* s.th., eep. some han temporarily, suspend

(m s.th., esp. publioation of

a newspaper);
ruin,

'uffa affection, attachment, be-

to

damage

(grarely),

deetroy,

nevolence, good will; (as an honorifio title

wreok, paralyze, neutralixe, put out of


service or commission, lay up, put ont

before the

name =
pl.

y^LJI i_-^L#) Hia Grace


tJtL*. ma'fif* coat,
|

iJtLu mi'faf
f

of action,
**JL* iJL**

make
down,
office)

inoperative (a s.th.); to

overcoat; smock, frock

(muiJL**

stop, shut off

(* s.th., e.g.,

a motor);
(*
s.th.,

&imma

(impregnated) raincoat;

to

shut

keep

olosed

j_^ m. /oru> fr coat


JiLWjJI
in'iff

e.g.,

an
or

to

remain without
j& JUJ); to be
be hindered,
deinter-

work
bend(ing),

employment; to be or beoome
(also J**JI
idle, inactive; to

inclination,

unemployed
or

curving,

curvature;

aympathy,

com-

become

passion; liking, attachment, affeotion


t_jliwi~>!

hampered,
layed,

impeded,

obstructed,

ti'ff

imploring,

entreaty,
affection

suspended,

deferred,

or

earnest

supplication ;

tender

rupted; to stop,
to
fail

stall

(motor, machine);

conciliatory attitude

to be (grarely) damaged, be or be put out of action or commission; to be shut down, be or

(apparatus);

<JW

'fif

compaasionato, sympathetic,
|

affectionate, loving, tender, kind

<Jjj*-

remain closed; to be no longer ralid, be


ineffective (Statutes)

<JJrU (harf) conjunction (gram.)

LU
licitude,

'fifa pl. (JttijP 'awfif*

amorous

Jip

ufl destitute,

devoid (j* of

s.th.);

affection;

affectionate

benevolence, soaffec-

impairedness,

defeotiveness,

(gravely)

sympathy,

compaaaion,

damaged

State;

damage,

loss

>
Jia# 'afal

unemployment
unemployment,
leisure,

hair,

in

tanning);

to macerate (Jb^JI

<Utf

'ufia

also

tp

al-hattna tbe flax);

'afina a ('afan)

JJl j*

(fu$l);

holidays, vaca-

to rot, deoay,

putrefy (skin, hide, in


'afana

tion(e), recesa; (pl. -t,

off day, free


official,

JL* 'ufai) hoday, 3-o <IW (numiya) or legal, hoday; 3-r^Jl coHLJl * LI

tanning) II

day

J** 'afan resting pl&oe of oamels near a waterhole ^jLaJI j_-i <fayyiq al-'a.
|

(ayym

aJ-'u.) offloia], or legal, holidayB;


r

narrow-minded, paroohial; jLJl


r

<_^-j

rahb

c^.n/1 y^.

aLtisb'

weekend; SIW
O'ur.); tp
r

al- a.

broad-minded

iJLi (?a^*ya) oourt reoess


f*

jt-VI -oV

'u. ni'Adyaf a2-u&fi

weekend

jjL* *afin putrid, rotten, Btinking

*JLLp 'afdfa

unemployment
hindering, obstruotion,

J*U* 'afln putrid, rotten, Btinking

JJw

(a'ftf

ham-

jlW

'ifn

tanbark
(*
.

pering; discontinuance, intemiption, de-

ferment, Suspension (of

some

jL* in to give
activity);
(*

to

s.o. B.th.)

IT to give

temporary ban, Suspension (of a newspaper) ; impairment,

J or

to

s.o. s.th.);
*

to present,
s.th.);
s.o.

hand
to

damaging, destruotion,

over, offer (*

to
(*

s.o.

to grant,
s.th.);

ruining, wrecking, injury; paralyzation,

award, aooord
present
(*

to

neutralization, stoppage (e.g., of traffio);

s.o.

with

s.th.),

bestow
to

stopping, shutting-off (of a motor); shut-

upon

s.o.

s.th.);

pass.
|

u'fiya

down, olosure
oppoaed to
jjji.\ '*$[?t.

(of

an

offioe)
all

a theological

get, obtain, reoeive (* s.th.)

Ujjj L^*\
(aqwlah)

concept denying
jJLj

God

to
attributes (as
theol.)
|

give leasons;

<Jlyl

J^l

tafbih;

J-LJ

to give evidenee, give one's testimony


(;ur.);

harakai

al-mwr

U^JI

*J

^*l

trafflc cons.o.

(kalimata) to allow

geation

to speak;

*-U IWI (fri-ya&Ai) to


s.o.

surrender or submit to

to ask for to beg

JLJ

ta'afful

unemployment;
J^Jl j*

inactivity,

charity, ask for alms

s.o.);

idleneBB ;

(mechanioal)
|

failure,

break r (

TI totake

(s.th.);

toawaUow, take

(u

down; Btandstl
unemployment

JLJ

amal)

medicine); to take over, assume, undertake, take

upon

o.a. (*

a task); to ooeupy
(*

>U
B.th.)
;

'f

destitute,

devoid

(^

of

o.s.,

be ooeupied or busy
s.th.),

with

s.th.),

inactive, idle, out of work, jobless,

be engaged (* in
(*

pursue, practioe

unemployed;
useless
|

an

unemployed
('t^u)

penon;

an activity)

JUU jj*

fonctionlesa

IW

'afan gift, present

organ

(biol.)

IL* 'afa* pl. Utfl a'fiya gift, present;


J11jp 'awf vaoations, holidays
(pl. -i) offer,

tender

IL >oi

(qaddama)

JLm JLu

mu'aft one

who

denies

God

all

to

make an
U*.

offer

or tender

attributes {theol.)
'aflya pl. LIL* 'afy gift, present

mu'affal

inactive,

idle,

out of
;llL*

werk, jobless, unemployed; inoperative,

mu'Oth ezercise, practioe, pur-

out of aotion, Service, or commission,

suit (of

an activity)
'*

ahut-down;

stopped,

shut-off (motor);

IWl

donation ;

presentation,

olosed (offlee)
j^L* 'afana
i

grant(ing), award(ing)

(*of)

to soak

(-UJ-I

al-jilda

iU

ta'fin

pursuit,

practioe

(of

an

the skn or hide so as to remove tbe

activity)

623

<*
Jp

ILcJ

isti'ta

begging, mendicity

'azm
|

pl.

Utfl

azurn,

,*Ui*

'izm

^m
Jw-

bone
mu'fin giver, donor

UI Uu
|Ui*Jl

shinbone; >UJl <5>**

bone meal;
mu'fan
(nuziA.)
Lf

^J

lin al-'i. softening

given;

(pl.

-t)

given

of the bones, osteomalacia


^i* 'azmi bone-, osteo- (in Compounds)

quantity

U*s-. miwto'/in beggar

osseous,

bony

JU

III |*^II JUl* (kalma) to

be repetitious
tautologisms,

Uk 'izam, 'uzm greatness, magnitude,


grandeur,

in

one's

speech,

use

power,

might;

significance,

repeat

o.b. in

apeaking
<*IL*

importance
<Jip 'azma piece of bone; bone

Uu

'azuma u {'izam,

'azma) to be or
<Jip 'azama majesty; pride, arrogance,

become great, big, large, grand, grandiose,


magnificent,

imposing,
huge,

powerful,
rast,

or

haughtiness; ezaltedness, aublimity, augustness


|

mighty; to be
tremendous,

enormous,
;

ULJI

i_--L

His Majesty; His


'a.

immense,

b tu pendous

to

Highness; OlkLJl <Jip


Highness, the Sultan

as-ndfn His

be hard,

distressing, painful, agonizing,


{

or oppressive

for s.o.) II to

make, or
big(ger),

Oj*L*

azamt greatness, magnitude,

oause

to

become,
(more)

great(er),

grandeur, power, might

large(r),

grandiose,

(more)

im-

posing,

(more) magnificent, (more)

mighty or
(a,

*W
'izm,

'azim

pl.

'uzam* 1 ,
big,

,*Ui*

mightier,
s.th.),

powerful

s.o.,

<IL

'az'im1 great,

large;

enhance the greatness, grandeur,


power,
or

strong,

powerful,

mighty;

significant,

magnificence,

might

(*,

important; grand, grandiose, imposing,


stately,

of

s.o.,

of s.th.); to enlarge, enhance,


(* s.th.); to aggrandize, glorify,
. s.o., s.th.)

magnificent ;
sublime,

lofty,

exalted,

magnify

august,

splendid,

gorgeous,

eitol, exalt (*,

IT
(*

=
to

II; to

glorious, sperb; huge, rast, prodigious,

attach great importance

s.th.);

enormous,

tremendous,
hard,

immense,

stu-

to regard (* s.th.) as huge, rast, tre-

pendous

distressing,
|

gruesome,
if^ r9a )

mendous, enormous, immense, or stupendous; to find


ing, or oppressive
s.th.);
(i_j

trying, oppressive

**Jie

~*~*j
f*Ui*

(* s.th.) hard, distress-

golden opportunity;

j>-VI

great

V
(<-*

to be proud
of),

(*_>

of

or terrible things; *\j&\j .UiJI (kubarfi')

to boast

raunt, flaunt

the great of the world


*--Le

s.th.);

to he arrogant, presumptuous,

'azima

pl.

<Ui* 'az'im' a pro-

haughty

VI

to

be

proud,

arrogant,
;

digious, terrible thing; great misfortune,

presumptuous, haughty, supercilious

to

calamity, disaster
t/Uip 'izmi of noble descent, highborn,
aristocratic, noble, blue-blooded,

be great, grand, grandiose, imposing,


huge, prodigious;
to equal
in

weight,

significance or importance {* B.th.); to

be
(

of or

weighty, grave,
for
s.o.)
|

serious,

portentous

pertaining to nobility; aristocrat, noble-

j-ull

uU

aJjLcj

V (Sa'nu
be proud,

man
Uul
a'zam*,
f.

l-'adw) the enemy's importance does not

Lf

'uzm,

pl.

jil*l

unduly impresa him

to

a'zim* greater, bigger; more significant,

arrogant, presumptuous, haughty, superoilious; to regard as great, significant, or

more important
most

greatest, major, supreme

signifioant,

paramount

Jl*-j *il*l

important

(* s.th.)

rjHA a. r.

mifr the most outstanding

men

; ,

r*
of Cairo;
i

f^ **.j?

capital crime;

i-jjA-1

muia'af
righteous
jj*, 'afara ('afr)

ohaste,

modest

^JiJI (harb) World

War

I; ,Ji*Vl al^JI

virtuous, pure; deoent; honest, upright

(saw&d) the great mass, the great


jority,

ma-

the major portion (of the people);


j-uJI
(fiadr)

^Vl
Grand

(formerly:) title of the

to oover with dust, to

soil,
s.o.,

Vizier

of the Ottoman Empire

begrime
s.th.)

(also <-'J^ bi-t-turb; *,

II

=>

I;

to dust, sprinkle with


s.th.);

(Ott.-Turk.: padr-i a'^am)

dust or powder (*

to glean

JwJ

ta'ftm

aggrandizement,

glorifi-

jk* *afar pL jUl a'fr dust

oation, exaltation; military salute

Jm mu'affam

jU
glorified,

'u/dr (eg.) dust


'affra

exalted, re-

vered, venerated; sublime, august (esp,

O *jLi*

pL - spray, atomizer
'a/nf 1 dust-oolored,

of rulers); Bplendid, gorgeous, glarious,


magnificent, resplendent; bony; oaaified

ji*-l a'fat*, f. Iji*

earth-colored

Lm

majority,

mu'jon most of (them), the major part or portion (of),


|

j>

ya'fr pl. j*iLw

ya'fit* earth-

colored gaselle

main part; maximum


for the

<uli~

mostly,

jJu

most part, largely

ta'ftr (act of)

dusting, sprinkling

with dust or powder


Oji*- II ta'afrata to

JiUi. mvta'dfim proud, arrogant, pre-

sumptuous, hanghty, BnperoUioua


it*
f

behave

like

a demon or

devil
i*<*

see Jij
(<i* 'tjfa, JLi* *a/d/) to refrain,

t^-i jjU 'i'/rW

pl. c-j jli* 'a/rW1 malioious,

i_i#

*a0a

misohieyous; sly, ounning, orafty, wy;


afreet,

abstain

(je

from

s.th.

forbidden

or

demon, imp,
|

devil; (eg.)

naughty

indecent); to
virtnous,

be abstinent, continent,
modest, deoent, pure

ohild

t^-ijj*

J^j

(waiad) misohievous

chaste,

ohild, good-for-nothing, ne'er-do-well {eg.)

=
Jv>

I;

to shrink (j* from), be shy (j*

o jie
j.jLi*

*afrita (lifting)

jack

(e^.)

of),

be ashamed
'off ohaste,

*jjj* 'afrata devilry; dirty trick

modest, virtuous, pure;


'a/drim
'o/afa
(eg.)

decent; honest, upright, righteous

bravo well done


!

'iffa

abstinence, continence, virvirtue,

^H*

(*afi)

to gather, oolleot, heap

tuousness,

chastity,

deoenoy;
probity

up, amass (* s.th.)


(ji-i*

purity ;

modesty ;

integrity ,

'o/i refuse, rubbish, trash, junk;

honesty, uprightness, righteousness


<JU* *af&f

luggage,
furniture

baggage;

household

effeots,

*i* *iffa

,Jt_i* *o/f/ pl. LUl a'iff/T 1 ,

*l

Li*. 'vf&a:
a'iffa

^Ul

j*

U*

worthless

people
ohaste, modest, virtuoua, pure; deoent;

honest, upright, righteous


i_j*-l

cr*i* 'a/p galls, gallnuts,


cr

oak apples
pungent,
aorid,

a'aJP

ohaster,

more virtuoua
integrity

AJt

'at

sharp,

more deoent, of greater


J*am

astringent and bitter (of taste)

ta'affuf abstinenoe,

continence,

<+ji*

vf$a

Bharpness,

pungenoy,

ohastity, modesty; restraint

acridity, astringenoe (of taste)

626
r

ji* 'ana a ('afan,

Zy

'ufna) to rot,

j*t>

afw effacement,
;

obliteration, elim-

decay, putrefy, spoil; to be rotten, deoayed, putrid spoiled jtobeorbecome moldy,

ination

pardon,
{Ist.

forgiveness ;
Lato)',

waiver

of puniBhment
for);

amnesty (je

musty, mildewy, deoompoaed

=I

boon, kindness, favor; surplus; \ji*

ji* 'afan rottenness, putridity, decay,


spoiledness

'ajwan I beg your pardon! exouse mel


(in

reply to "thank you") you're welitl;

oome! don't mention


ji* 'an rotten, putrid, decayed, deaccord,

of one's

own

by

o.a.,

spontaneously; cagually;
|

composed, spoiled, moldy, musty, mil-

without design, in passing, inoidentally


(J.U)
iijiJl
j.U

dewy;
fever
ijj-i*-

septio

lJI

yX\ (humm)
l

putrid

j* ('mm) amnesty (je

for);

je >**"

j" (^W

aU'a., *uqba)

'ufna

rottenness,

putridity,

right of granting pardon (jur.);

jWl ji*

deoay, spoiledness
jlu
ia'affun

'afwa
ly,

l-fefir

spontaneously, unhesitating-

casually
pl.

rottenness,

putridity,

decay, spoiledness

ji* 'afw

U*

'if'

young donkey

jiw mu'affan
decomposed,

rotten, putrid,

deoayed

iSja* 'afwi spontaneouB

spoiled,

moldy,

musty
J*
'afly (eg.) strong, vigorous,

husky,

mildewy; septic
jmza

robust

muta' affin

rotten,

putrid,

de-

cayed,

decomposed,

spoiled,

moldy,

U*

o/* effacement, obliteration, ex-

tinction,

ruin,

fall;

dust
fall

Lull

4Tj.1l

musty, mildewy; septio


adrakah l-'ajau to
(ji*)
Li*

into disuse, pass


all

'a

i*

('afw,

U* *afS) to be or

out of use;
him, ho
liLw
is

Lull

*-U

it'a

over with

become

effaced, obliterated,

wiped out,
to efface,

done for
dis-

eliminated;
obliterate,

af

{'afw)

mu'fh exemption, excuse,

wipe out, eliminate (j* or

pensation
U*l
i'j*

m s.th.); to forgive (jp s.o.); to exouse,


free,

relieve,

exempt (j* J
abstain,

s.o.

from
(je

exemption (from a

fee,

and

B.th.);

to

desist,

refrain

the
(of

like),

excuse, dispensation ; remisaion


discharge,

from)

II to efface, obliterate,

wipe out,

punishment);
office)
isii'f'

dismissal

eliminate (J* or * s.th.) III and IV to restore to health, heal, oure ( s.o.);
to guard ( je or j s.o. .

(from an

LuiJ

request

for

pardon;

against), protect,

excuse, apology; resignation (j* from an

save

(J*

or ,>
relieve,

s.o.

from); to

free,
(*,

release,
s.o.,

exempt,

except

s.th.

je or j* from), excuse,
.

JU
dis-

'fin

effaced, obliterated,

wiped

pene (j* or ,>


dismiss,

s.o.

from

s.th.)
(

IV to
s.o.)

out, eliminated
5-il* 'fiija

discharge,

fire,

depose

(good)

health, well-being;

VI to recuperate, reoover, regain health


VIII to call on s.o.
s.th.
()

vigor, vitality

in order to obtain

jU. mu'fan exempt(ed),

free,

excused,

to ask s.o. 's


( s.o.);

(.)

pardon, ask for


(

dispensed (j- from); healthy

a reprieve

to request
s.th.)
;

of

s.o.)

exemption (j- from

to

tender
to

Je 'aqqa u

('aqq) to cleave, split, rip,

rend

one's resignation (j* from


resign (j- from an office)

an

office);

(a s.th.);

'aqqa u

(Jj* 'uqq) to be

disobedient, disrespectful, undutiful, re-

625

fraotory, recalcitrant (U dbku or

Jlj

follows

subsequently
(with
foll.

or

ensues,

sub*

wdioAfi toward his father, of a child)

sequence
offspring,

genit.);

grandson;
ira-

J '099 disobediant, disrespectful, undutiful, refractory, recalcitrant (ohild)

progeny:

'aqiba

(prep.)
|

mediately after, subsequent to


('aqibah) or c-Sa* U- f

*-*# U-

*J&

*U-

he came

J-i*

'oft?

(ooll.;

n.

un.

pl.

J?U*

closely after

'aq'itf oarnelian; (pl.

*l a'iqqa) oanyon,

gorge, ravine

_Jw J 'al 'aqibi imxnediately after...; *_Jw J* (jU) ~.j

him;

i'agibaiM)

pl.

^U*! J

(IjjU)

JrJ

to

J-i* 'aqiqi camelian-red

retrace one's Steps, turn back ; *~i*


unruliness,

J* oj

3j*p

'vqq

disobedience,

(raddah)
s.o.

refractoriness, reoalcitrance (of a ohild)

pl. pr}**\ J* p**j to drive baok to where he came from J olj


;
I

<-5*
jl a'aqq*

(irtadda)

pl.

more

irreverent,
|

more

f-rU*1
_*i*

dis-

J*

Ij47jl

to

withdraw, retreat;

respeotful, naughtier

iU*l

l>

(a'aggafta)

J* Utj

(ra'san)

how

head over

heels,

topsy-turvy,

irreverent you are


'd^g disobedient, disrespeotful, unrefractory,

upside

down; from the ground up,


(ohild)

radically;

JU

dutiful,

recaloitrant

ii-Sahr) j\jL*}\

V-**J* \j& (fahran) da.; j4J\ ^.U*lj(a. at the end of the month; _>U*i
a.

Jur

'aqaba

('096)
s.o.,

to follow

of-falawt

(supererogatory)

(*,

b.o.,

s.th.
(*,

or after
s.o.,

after s.th.), succeed

prayers performed after the presoribed


salat;

s.th.);

to

come

*LUt t-iLitl

after, ensue;

at daybreak, im-

to continue II to follow or after


s.o.,

mediately after night was over


(*,
s.o., s.th.
*

after B.th.), succeed (*,


(*,

i^-i*

*uqb pl. u-iUpl a'qb end, outcome,


;

s.o., s.th.); s.o., s.th.);

to pursue, follow, trail

upshot issue,
rest,

effect, result,

consequence
(cigarette,

to expose, compromise,

show

remnant,

remainder ;

up (J amend ;
(J*
jLJT

s.o.);

to revise, oorreot, reotify,

eto.) end, butt,

stub (of a pencil, of a

to

reriew

critioally,

criticize
|

candle, of a oheck, etc.); counterfoil


*-i* 'aqaba
pl. wjli* 'iqb

s.th.),

oomment

(J

on

s.th.)

u-S*

to tread in

s.o.'s

footsteps III to
s.o.);

steep road

alternate, take

tums ( with

to

or traok, steep inoline; pass, mountain

punish
follow

(J*
(*

or

road;

JLJl

s.o.

for)

IV to
s.o.,

or

J-i-J!

i*U

qal'at

al-'a.

Aqaba
<-L**

(seaport in
'iqb)

s.o.,

s.th.
(*,

or
*

after
s.o.,

SW

Jordan);

(pl. -<H,
|

after s.th.),

suooeed

obataole; difficulty

s.th.);

to

oome
(. s.o.),

after,

ensue;

to
(

have

j a
for

"<Ju.

('aqabaian) to stand in the


B.th.

Jj way

of s.th., obstruct

son

be the father

of a son); to
(

have as
ways,

offspring,

have sired

s.o.);

>_i*

'aqib

one who, or that which,


is

to revert from evil to good,

mend

one's

aueoeeds

or
j

subsequent;

following,
there-

reform;

to

end

well,

succeed

subsequent

dJli

^j*

('aqiba)

to pursue, follow, trail

(*, * s.o., s.th.)

after, afterwarda,

subsequently
f.) pl.

VI to be eucoessive or oonsecutive, suooeed


one another, follow one after the other;
to dart one

-jU 'vqb (uaually

^JU-l a'qub,

Li*
(astron.)

'iqbn

eagle;

<->\Jul\

by one (J* upon), launoh


attacks,

Aquila

sucoessive

act

succesaively,

embark succesaively ( J* upon)


<_Jt

(jUU
aquiline

'uqdbi

eagle-

(in

Compounds),

'aqib,

aqb pl. >_jU*I a'qb heel;


s.th.,

last

part

of

end;

that

whioh

^-U 'uqayyib a small eagle, eaglet

; ;

^i*

'uqtiba pl. -t

puniahment, pen|

together, join, fold, lock (* one's hands,

alty; pl. punitive measurea, sanotions

and the and the

like); to contraot (* the


like); to fix (* one's eyes,

brows,
<_j

jLal CjU JU
tions; jIj JUJI

(iqtifdtya) eoonomio sanc-

on);

j>U

penal oode

to aroh, vault (* a strueture); to hold,

convene, convoke,
iJje 'uqbi penal, punitive
e.g.,

summon,
(*

call {* s.th.,

a session, a meeting); to conclude a transaction, a


|

^Jt*

'uqbd

end,

outcome,
consequenoe

upahot

(m

a oontract), effect

issue, effect, result,

sale); to contract (*

a loan)
pin,

Jp :>
set,

XU

^>jjuo

r ya qb % Jaoob, James; ya'qb

(aqada amalan) to
hope(s) on...; i^*knit,

or

one's

3 (pl. *_-*l*i yo'fjgit )

male mountain quail

XU

(jabhatah) to

(zooi.)

v>*-i u-**
for

*r^" '-^7*

or wrinkle,

one's

brows, frown;
to
strike

/*

na/n

y.

some unknown

reason, from

4j*jU

XU

(muhdatatan)

up

Beeret motives

conversation ;

J#

,"
;

L-

XU

{'uqida
to...;

kifbatuh)

she

became engaged

j_jLu

ya'qbi

pl.

iJW

ya'qiba

J* (^LXI) _f^X\
cellence,

XU

(fcinfir, fcanpir)

to

Jacobite, an adherent of Jacob Baradai

give B.th. top-rating because of

its

ex-

Jaeobite (adj.; Chr.)


,_

put
***

s.th.

above

everything

_W

to'jife

pl. -<W pursuit,

chase; in-

eise;

U-'jJ

[tawjan) to contract a

vestigation; oomment(ing) ; appeal (of a

sentence,

jur.)

<^..m<StH

ij\* court of

(>") f>H XU ('ozma) to makeup one's mindtodos.th.,be (firmly)


marriage; J*

review, appellate oourt (Tun.)

determined to do
s.o.; ^iJl l^J

s.th.

*JLJ

XU

to silence

XU
I4J

to found, start, origi-

iJU.

mu qaba

infliction
pl.

of punish-

nate, launch, produoe, kindle, provoke


a.th.;

ment, puniahment;
{pol.)

CjLJU sanotions

Ll *\ji

ijjuS\ <.JlJ\

(liwau

l-q.)

the flagship; Jij*oU Ujl^J iji-ll irjW'

.jLU

'iqb

infliction

of puniahment,

(Kuw'uA
ship;
114-*;

It-I-amtrJ) the admiral's flag-

punishment; penalty

44-* Li
lilLJ

jlU

'iqbt penal, punitive

XU XU

(ndjJtyatoA)

=
form
S-Jl

XU
a

(nitqan)
s.o.);

to

cordon {^j>- around

Je

XU XU

*-"

taaqqub

pl.

-t

pursuit, chase;

(ntyato) to resolve,

make up

one's

mind
*)

investigation
i^JLm ta'qub succession in the course of centuries
j>-**]l
|

to
<_JiIj

do

s.th.,

deeide on s.th.; *\J


'uqida

J*

(y^Jl)
(n-nafir)

o^l

lah liw&u l-majd

approx.: he was awarded the

<_JU 'qib:

<_JL)l
pl.

J# Buccesaively
<--*^
issue,
'atttEgt*

laurel of

('al l-mar'a) to

fame (of victory); l\^ J* XU marry a woman II to

JU

'gt&a

end,

knit (tightly), knot, tie (* s.th.); to pile up,

outcome, upshot ;
consequence
ease)
j

effect,

result,
(dis-

mass

together

(*

e.g.,

clouds),

JUi

-1-

benign

Cluster (* e.g., vapors, steam); to complicata,

make

difficvdt, intricate, or

tangled

<_JU mu'd^tb alternate; punisher

(a s.th.) II

and IV to congeal, coagulate,


by
to be knit (together), knotted,

clot, thioken, inspissate (* s.th., esp.

i^JUumufa'dg&suocessive,consecutive,
boiling)

uninterrupted, oontinuous

tied with knots; to be or

become

intricate

'a^oia

('a^d) to knit,

knot,

tie (* s.th.);

or complicated;
olot,

to congeal, coagulate, to

to fasten with a knot (* s.th.); to put

thioken;

gather

(of

clouds,

etc.)

<uLJ

Xu
to

(litnuh) to expresa o.a.

jlU 'aqqd a producer and


cords, braiding

aeller of

with be

difficulty ,

speak
speak,

laboringly ;

to

and taasela, maker of trim-

unable

be

tongue-tied

minga
"h\j& 'iqda

VI to be interknit, interknotted, interjoined, interlinked to make a oontract;


;

manufaoture of trimminga,

braiding, etc.

to

reach agreement, come to

mutual

agreement (J on, about) VII to be knit (together), knotted, tied with knota,
enbangled; to contraot, beoome oontraot-

iir
rank,

'aqfd pl. IXu 'uqad'* contracting

party, contractant, oontraotor; a military

approx.

lieutenant

colonel (Ir.);

ed

(e.g.,

browB) ; to be inhibited (tongue)

colonel (m., .A.R.)


I-Uu> 'aqida pl. x*Uu
faith, faith, *J\jJ~
r

to congeal, coagulate, olot, thicken; to

aq*icP artiole of

be

oonoluded

(oontraot),

be

effected
(a
|

tenet,
belief;

dootrine;

dogma;

creed,
|

(sale);

to oonvene, assemble, meet

conviction;

ideology
;

oommittee, a oonferenoe, and the


jt

Iike)

!jJu (kurflya) superstition

J* XLw

f^V

[ijm') there

ia
*J

general

J-lJU according to
believe
j-L'Ue 'aqd'idl

my

conviction, aa I

conviction that
(xahr, $amar) to

. . . ;

jt Vj j*j

Xj

remain without blosaom


effeot

and

fruit,

be without any
Till to

and
Xul
a'qad?

ideological

oonsequenee
{* B.th.,

believe

(firmly)

(elative)

knottier,

more
diffi-

v in)
knitting,

knotted; more oomplicated, more


knotting,

Xu

'aqd

tying;
holding,

cult;

a'qatP,

f.

IXu 'agd' 1 knotty,


|

joining,

junction,

looking ;

knotted,

gnarled

IXu

La

('opon)

summoning, oonvooation
tract, of

(of a session,
(of

knotty
XS*.

fltiok,

brier cane
pl.

of a meeting); concluaion

a oona loan,
'ttqd)

ma'qid
B.th. is

4*U*

maqid* place
joina

aale); contraotion (of


like);

where
or

knotted or tied in a knot

and

the

(pl.

i>i*

knote;

point

where

a.th.

or

oontract, agreement, arrangement; legal


act, legal transaotion;

meeta, a junction, a juncture, a Joint,

document, deed;
millen-

a aeam
s.o.

JUT Xi*. the object on which

vault,

aroh;

gioup of ten, half-aoore;


|

pina bis hopea; c*- Xi*r

^^Wl

XaIj

decade, decennium

Jl Xt*

(oty*)

(kar bi-m. jafniht)


hia lida

no slumber cloaed

nium; r}j$\
cate; jljll

Xu

a az-zawdj contraotion
-

of marriage, marriage; marriage

certifi-

jXLJ ta'qld oomplioation, entanglement,

Xu
-5CLLI

contraotion of marriage,

involvement; oomplioatednesa, intricacy,


complexity, tangledneaa;
pl. -t intricate,

marriage;

Xu

*a.

aX-mHya

title

deed;

**Xu

l*>l

(infarafa)

they broke

oomplicated problems

up, they went their

own wayB
XuJ ta'aqqud complicatedness, complexity, intricacy

Xu
lace
|

*iqd pl. j>ju 'uqd ohaplet, neok-

XUl

IL-Ij center, foous, highlight,


ili*il

chief attraction, piece de reaiatance

in'iqd meeting, convening, Ses-

Xu 'uqda

pl. Xu.

'uqad knot (also

sion (of a oommittee,

and the

like)

jja

iU*JVl dawr oZ-m. seasion,


nautioal mile); inch; Joint (anat.); aplioe;

term (pari)

knot, knur, knob, awelling, nodule, node,

iliu-i

i'tiqd (firm) belief, faith, truat,

protuberance,

excrescence,

outgrowth

confidence, oonviction;
ligioua)

(pl. -*)

(re-

compact, oovenant, contraot ; problem, difflculty; puzzle, riddle;

creed,

faith ;

article

of

faith

complez

(psychol.)

prinoiple of faith, tenet ; doctrine ;

dogma

. ;

tpLc*!

i'tiqdl
|

dogmatio;

(pl.

-fln)

jjU*

'aqdri of or pertaining to im-

dogmatist

^pUc^V' <*IU (ma4hab)

movable property, immovablea, landed


property, or real estate; consiating in

dogmatism
AtU 'qid legay competent to oontract
(Isl.

immovable property, immovablea, landed


Law)
ma'qd ladt, knotted,
(of
etc., see

property, or real estate; landed | <jjU iib


real-estate
iSjU**
i>*J

bank, land-mortgage bank;


(rahn)

*jju

mortgage on landed

xi* I;

milk) curdled

uUH

>>***
|

property,

landed security;

^UJl

All

tongue-tied,
l

incapable of Bpeeoh

OK*
.

(qiam) real-estate administration (Tun.);

Ujm
jju

J-Vl (amofu) it was hoped that

^jLi*

JL

(milk) landed property

mu'aggwf knotted, knotty, gnarlintrioate,

jji* 'aqr mordaoious, rapaeious, voracious (animal)

ed

complioated,

entangled,

snarled, involved, diffloult


jjl*.

jU*

'aqqdr

pl.

jJli*

'aqqtr*

drug;

mu'qid oontraoting party, con-

medicament, remedy
JjU* 'aqra barrenneBs,
sterility

tractant, oontraotor
-ULll.
.

mutaqid

laiLill the

two con-

tj-Ju.

'aqlra voioe
(f.)

tracting parties

yU
it is it is

'qir

barren, sterile (woman)

jJc mu'fogtui believed; jl ic*li


believed that...,
(pl. -t)

held that...;
prinoiple

of

<~>ji* 'aqrab pl. ~jU* 'aqrib* soorpion; sting,

artiole

of faith,

prick;
curl;

hand

(of

a watch or olook);

look,

faith,

tenet;

doctrine;

faith; conviction, belief,

dogma; creed, view, opon


{, # B.o.,s.th.);
iJ

<~>ji*l\

Scorpio (attron.)

->*

m*fl$& crooked, ourved, curled


i

JU 'aqara

(*aqr)

to

wound
i

Aj* 'aqa$a

{'aq$)

to braid, plait (* the hair)

'aqura u and 'aqara


'aqra)
ohildless

('ugr, 'aqr,

jU*

<**Ju. 'aqlfia pl.

^U*

*aq*if, ,j-U*

to
III

be

barren,

sterile ;

to

be

'iq$ braid, plait (of hair), look

to be

addicted, be given

(* to s.th., e.g., to drinking)

IV to stun,

,yju. 'aq'aq pl. J*U* 'aqiTiq*

magpie

(zool.)

stupefy
Jas.

{ s.o.)

Jam
barrenness,
sterility
|

'aqafa

aqf) to
II

crook, hook,

bend

'uqr,

'aqr

Bharply (* s.th.)

middle, center

jUI

* j

within the

house

itaelf (not outside the

house) \Jkc
<i

<*

'uqfa pl. -t loop, ring, eyelet (to


'iql,

jIa in bis

own house;

>jIj* j**

within

hold a button, the cords of the

the country; in their


their

own

country, on

and the
t_*l

like)

own ground
'uqr indemnity
for
illicit

a'qaf1 ,

f.

Ui* 'aqf** crooked,

Jkc

sexual
(Isl.

bent, hooked

intercourse

with a

woman

slave

i_'i*--

ma'qif Square braeket

Law)

childless

man
immovable property,
estate,

jU*
realty ;

'aqdr pl. -t

Ji^lu ma'qf orooked, bent, hooked; bent at the ends, handlebar-ahaped (mustache)
(typ.)
;

immovablea, real property, real estate,


piece

dual

li^l*.

Square

braokets

of

real

landed

<j>i*il <_JLJl

the swastika
|

property
jIf 'uqr residue

i_'-*-'-

munaqif square braeket

jy

j^maL in square brackets

>
Jl* 'agala
%

630

(aql) to hobble with the 'iql


;

raade of camel's hair, hoJding the kfiya


in place
|

(JU*
to

q.v.

jwJI oJ-6a'ra
confine,

the

camel);

L4JU* ,>

intern,

detain,

arrest,

put
in

to unleash or start a

U^. jlkl (aflaqaharban) war

under arreet
wrestling
(J

s.o.);

to throw

( s.o.)

to

pay blood money or wergild


be endowed

J^i* 'aqi understanding, reasonable,


sensible,

for the slain to s.o.); to

discerning, intelligent; costive


r

with (the faculty of ) reason, be reasonable,

medioine; (and JjiL*

qi)

a low spiny

have intelligenoe; to be
be
conscious;
to

shrub of the steppes of North Africa and


in one's senses,

realize,
|

comprehend,

Western Asia (camers-thom, lhagi mau-

understand

(* s.th.)

to tongue-tie s.o.,
II

*iU Ji* (lisnah) make s.o. speecbless


V
to be or

rorum; Alhagi manniferum Desv.;

bot.)

iLip 'aqua pl. Jj'U* 'aqtfiP the best, the pick; wife, spouse
|

to

make

(* s.o.)

reasonable or sensible,

<LJ*

Ix-Jl {pay*
'a.

bring

{* s.o.)

to reason

become

yida) his wife; oLu-Ji JIU*

ap-fift

reasoiiable, sensible, rational, intelligent,

the very best qualities


Ji*t
o'yoZ*

judicious, prudent, wise; to

comprehend,
brighter,

Bmarter,

grasp
arreet,

more

(* s.th.) VIII to arrest,

put under
s.o.);

intelligent

apprehend, detain
(

to
(*

intern
s.th.)

s.o.);

to seize,

itnpound

Ji-

f?ta gi

pl.

JL ma'qif refuge,
fortress,

sanctuary ;
r

stronghold,

fort
forti-

JJU
wergild
reason,

aql

blood

money,

O pillbox,
bloodwite,
iL**,

bunker, dugout {m.)i

fied position

(pl. JjJkt

'uql) sense, sentience,

understanding,

comprehension,

ma'qula

pl.

1 Jil*. fTta'd^if

blood

discernment, insight, rationality, mind,


intellect, intelligence
f

money, wergild

JJI Jiit mufta

Ji taaqqul understanding,
Ji-ij senaibly, intelligently

discern|

al-'a,

mentally

deranged,
(*?**)

demented,

ment, prudence, judiciouaness, wisdom

insane,

mad; JxJI

J- sane;

O J**JI

j>UI

(or

^j^^Jl.or ^yi >) (t-Su'rl,


JxJl (or

JUk-1

'ftg/

Qairu l-w*\) the unoonscious, the subliminal;

pl. -t arrest,
|

detention,

Q ^j^l

^\J\

or ^LUI)

internment; oramp, spasm

jUu-VI

^SL

(Su'ri) the subconscious, the coconscious;

mu'osibar altt. conoentration


Jil*
'dyfl
pl.
-fin,

camp

O O

>*1' J**ll (mumayyiz) the conscious;

.^Jw '^aT 1 , JLi*

Jjy&ll Ji* electronic Computer

'uqql understanding, reasonable, sensible,


rational, disoerning, intelligent, prudent,

Ji*

'aqli reasonable, rational; ratioo*

inative;

mental; intellectual

judicions, wise ; in fll possesrion of one's


;

(pl.

-fln)

rationalst;
'agliyt

an intellectual;
|

the mental world

oLLUI alJUI i_-*iil

mental

faculties,

oompoa mentis, sane

in

mind
*1*1*

(maghab) rationalism; Ui*!l


tal diseases
-Li* 'aqllya

^I^V' men-

'aqua a olan oommitted by un-

written law of tbe Bedouins to pay the

bloodwite for each of


mentality, mental attitude

ita

members

iL* 'vqla
(e.g.,

J>i** ma'ql reasonable, sensible, intelligible,

pl. Ji* 'uqtU knot, knob, node of a reed, cane, etc.); Joint, arti-

comprehensible,

understand-

able, plausible, logical; rational; appre-

culation; knuckle; layer {hrt.); trapeze

hensive faculty, comprehension, intellect,


disoernment,
judiciouaness,
|

Ji* 'ugui oord used for hobbling the feet of a camel; a headband
'iql pl.

JU*

judgment;

common

sense

Jjj*

j*

uninteiligible,

631

^
to destroy the untroubled state, disturb
_^iJl

inoomprehensible, nonsensioal, incongruous, prepoeterouB, absurd

J^JU* ma'gliya coraprehensibility, intelligibility


;

the order; *j*~* J** (paftoah) and j* *J* (0/) to kill s.o.'s good spirits,
Bpoil
s.o.'s

logical, rational, or reason-

good humor V to become

able

character,

logicality,

rationality,

turbid,

become muddy; to deteriorate,

reasonableneas
Jii<w mutaqal pl. ~t concentration camp; prison camp; intemment camp,

be aggravated, become worse (Situation)

jSU

'akar turbidity, muddiness; Sedilees

ment, dregs,

detention
1*.

camp
T

j*

*akir

turbid,

muddy,

roily;

troubled, disturbed

'aqama u and 'aquma u ('aqm; uqm) to


be barren,
sterile

{womb, woman);

jtx*

'akra,

'ikra

(eg.)

sediment,

'aqama

('aqm) to render barren (* the to render sterile or barren,


s.o.,

dregs, lees

womb)

II

jSJj
roiling,

ta'kir (act of)

rendering turbid,
trou-

sterilize {*,

s.th.); to

degerminate

muddying

disturbance,

(m s.th.); to pasteurize {* s.th.); to dis-

hling,

derangement
turbid,

infect (* s.th.)

to he rendered barren,

be

sterilized
Jip

^a. mu'akkar
roiled,

sedimentous,

muddy;

disturbed, troubled
staff)
-dt,

'aqm,

'uqm

'aqam

barrenness,

sterility

jSU V to lean {J* on a


sterility

"<*m

'vqma barrenness,
pl.
'tc

jlC* 'ukkz, jtt* 'ukkza pl.


'akdkiz* staff, stick ; crutch

>STSU

-i* 'aq'm

'uqurn,

A* 'iqm
futile,

barren; sterile; useleis, unavailing,


fruitlesB,

^j* 'akasa
mirror
oppose,

('aks)

to reverse, invert (*

ineffeotual,
(e.g.,

ineffective,

un-

B.th.); to renect,

throw back, oast baok,

productive

work, attempt)

(*

s.th.)

in
(*,

to
*

oounteraot,
s.o.,
s.th.),

tj ta'qim Sterilisation, degermination,

contradict
(*
B.th.)
;

pasteurization ; disinfection

thwart
(*,
*

to

disturb,

trouble

s.o., s.th.);

to molest, vez, tease,

*-

mu'aqqim

disinfector,

disin-

harass

s.o.)

TI to be reversed, be

fecting apparatuB

inverted; to be thrown baok, be cast


sterilized, pasteurized,

JU*

muaqqam

back, be refleoted, be mirrored VII to

disinfected, degerminated jj* 'akka


('akk) to

be reversed, be inverted; to turn back


(J against); to redound (J* to, on); to be thrown baok, be oaat baok (J* or

be sultry, muggy (day)

iL

'akk sultry, muggy, sweltering


,

j* by), be refleoted, be mirrored (J


or j* by, in)
,_

** 'akka 1

SU 'akk

t%

and K* 'akk

Acre (seaport in Palestine)


dLSJ. 'akik sultry, muggy, sweltering
(day)

'aks

reversal,

reversion,

In-

version ;

reflection ;
|

opposite,
iJ

contrast,
4-

contrary, reverse
illj

illi

Sx. 'aksa
with

and

^S*

J*
to,

in
;

oontrast

that,

>* 'akira a

(*akar) to

be or become turbid,

contrary to that
in contrast

muddy,
roil,

roily

II

to render turbid, to
s.th.); to disturb, _^iJt
|

,> <JS^\ J* uK" to be be in Opposition to;

to

muddy (or J

(J-&J Ij on the contrary , conversely ; ^r&Jl j


(j-SJJIj

trouble (* or J* s.th.)

* (pafwa)

and vice versa; LS*j\a^ *J L-ll

i-rf

U-&
(maa*akUa fardan) he atudied the problem

632

s.o.

from) II to hold back, restrain, keep


t

from

all

aides or in all its aapeots

(jf

s.o.

from)

V to remain

uninter-

* 'akt contrary, oppoaite, contractiS


ing, antithetioal, adverse
iJ

ruptedly (* in); to aeolude


o.s.

o.a., isolate

(j in, at a place; j from), withretire (j into, to a place;

draw,

j from);

-&* akU

layer, shoot, cion (hrt.)


pl.
-dt

to live in seclusion, in retirement (jp

<-Tl** mu'dkasa
moleatation,

disturbance;

from) VIII

V; to devote

o.a.,

apply
(

o.s.

pestering,
|

haraasment
*JU-I

aasiduously ( Jl to s.th.), busy


t_S""U 'dkif pl.
-fln,

o.s.

Jl

with)

atruggle, fight, battle

*>!

iSl

J>SU 'uhf, <J*


(

(javwnya) inclemency of the weither

'ukkaf
-t)

gi ven ,

addioted

to

s th . )
.

^fcwl
reflez

in'ikfa

reflection;

(pl.

obaessed (J* by), bent, intent (J on); busily engaged (J* in), busy (J* with)

^I^mI

in'ik&si reflectional,
|

reflexive,

5U

'aleama
in

{'ahn) to bndle up, pack, tie


like {* B.th.)

reflex (adj.)

i*-fcil 5S^*- (haraka) reflex


X

a cloth, and the

action, reflez (phyaiol.)

J*

'alu see

jU
la'atta (partiole;

^rSl*
flector

'dlcis

Bcreen,

lamp Bhade;

re-

J*
reflector;

'atta,

JJ

with aocusative

noun immediately following) perhapB,


i-TU-'diwa
ahade
ltf

eye ahade; lamp

maybe
knows

J*J
. .

jj- y> (man yadri)

who

if

S'L*mu'kit counter-, contra-,


(Kaj-ma) counterattack

anti-

i-S'U* <jt

*J* 'aa i and pasa. 'ua to be or fall Hl II to oocupy, busy, keep busy, entertain,
distract
(<->

,jS Lc mutakis contracting, opposite,


opposed, conflicting
iJ*+

s.o.

with);

to

juBtify,

motivate,
|

ezplain

(^

s.th.

with)
|

munakis
reflez;

reflected

<_&c
jUil

*Jj-*

(^tjUI or) 4-! Jl* to indulge in the


...,

(^Sra)

mirror

image,

refleoted

image,
reflez

hope that

entertain or oherish the


....

refleotion,

*S*L*

hope of or that
Illusion

be given to the

aotions

that

...;

jUt. **Ju Jl* to indulge

in hopea; to entertain vain hopes; Jl*

SU 'akSa awkwardneas, clumainess


Li SU 'ufctia,
'JbhJfa spider;

_j

JL*^/I to oherish

the hope of

...;

Jl

Bpider

j^JIj to put
oocupy
o.s.,

b.o. off
o.s.,

with promises V to

web, cobweb
<Jt^ 'akafa
stiok,

o.a.,

busy

amuse o.b.,

distract

divert o.b. (oj with); to

make an
s.th.); to

(J^U 'uiv/)

to adhere, oling,

exouse, offer a pretezt; to offer or uae


as

keep (J to); to give o.a. over, apply o.a., devote o.a., be addioted (J*
(J* in s.th.). be obaessed (J by), be bent, be intent (J on s.th.); to be busily engaged (J*
to
s.th.),

an ezcuse, aa a pretezt
<Lu

(_

uae as an expedient, aa a makeshift


s.th.)
|

(^
a
to

indulge

JLJ

(bi-'iUatin)

to

make

pretext, plead B.th. aa

an ezcuse Till

be or

fall ill;

to be weak, defeotive; to

in),

busy

o.s.

J with)

to

remain
o.s.,

make an
J for
ezcuse

exouse, offer a pretezt; to ad-

uninterruptedly (j in); to aeolude


isolate o.s. (j in, at a place),
retire
('akf)

duoe, give, offer


s.th.); to

(^ a reason or

ezcuse,

withdraw,
i *

(j into, to a place);

'akafa u

pretend, purport, allege,

feign, diasimulate, offer as a pretezt or


(l-*

to hold back, restrain, keep (jp

s.th.)

633

f_^\p

Sie.

'ia pl. ~t, Ji* 'tioi illness, sick-

J*

III to treat ( s.o.,

a patient; * a disease,

ness, disease,

malady; defioiency, defect,


defectiveness
(of

also a subject); to
o.s.,

occupy
(*, {*,

o.s.,

concern
s.o.,

weaknesB;
a
letter

weakitess,

have to do, deal


s.th.),

with
to

or

word;

gram.);

metrioal

with

attend, turn
cultivate
{*

s.o.,

Variation or irregularity (prosody);


(pl.

to a

s.th.);

to

s.th.,

e.g.,

Ji*

*ilal)

cause, reason, occasion;


|

literary genre); to take

up

(* s.th.),

go

exouse, pretense, pretext, plea

iLJI 0>jj*-

in (* for s.th.), apply o.s. (* to s.th.); to take


s.th.);

the weak letters

j; gram.); **:** J* in spite of bis weaknesses, such as he is;


(I,

j,

upon
treat,

o.s.

(* s.th.),
s.th.

undergo
on

(*

to work

(a

or

s.th.),

J^Lilj

iLJI

cause and effeot;


...,

j JUI *U
the deeper

process,
s.th.)
;

manipulate,

handle
pains,

(*

the pzincipal cause of

to
(l

endeavor,

take

try

reason underlying
iL-

hard
|

or * to do s.th.); to palpate,

'aUa
l-'a.

pl. ~t

concubine

OtA*Jl

jj

paw,

finger,
(*

touch

s.o.),

fumble

6an

sons of a

man by

different

around

on

s.o.); to influence ( s.o.),

mothers

work
pi.

upon

s.o.

by argumenta or
(

persuasions),

prevail

on

s.o.)
|

jj* 'am

oui a'&r

sick,

m,

-r*~y\ <j*j\

(ramaqo) to be on the verge


<j*Lj *X\c (bi-fa'natin)
s.o.,

ailing; sick person, patient; soft, gentle,

of death, be dying ;
to land a stab

mild, pleasant

on

stab

s.o.

VI to
reoeive

IS* 'iiya oausality Jp


see
_^i*

be

under

medical

treatment,

'ilya,

'ulliya

and

or undergo
j-1p
'ttiyn

medical treatment VIII to


fight

wrestle,

struggle,

(with

one an-

other); to be in violent

commotion or

U^t

'vlla

comfort,

consolation; re-

agitation, heave, surge, tremble

mainder, remnant, rest


L.
*ilj

pl. ^-jIp 'vlj infidel;

uncouth

JJL

ia'lll

pl.

-t

entertainment, di-

fellow, lout

version, distraction ; argumentation, justification, motivation, explanation

i^L. mu'laja treatment (of a patient,


also of a subject) ; nursing (of a patient)

<L

ta'ilia

pl.

-t

pretext, pretense,

cultivation

(of

an

art);

manipulation,
(of

excuse; makeshift, expedient, Substitute,


Surrogate
J^UpI i'tl illness, sickness, disease,

handling,

processing,

treatment

material, etc.)
r*^* *ilj medical treatment;
eure, therapy
|

remedy;

malady; weakness, defectiveness


JjJU* ma'll
ill,

sick, ailing; effeot


-1p

<Ull
Jisl

yr^ *ilj% curative,


one undergoes)
ijjp 'alafa
r

therapeutio

J^LUj

fi'Ka)

cause andeffect;
'illatan

J^Lll

tJUj ta'luj medical treatment (which

ittakaga

l-ma'lla

to

mistake

cause and effect


i
(

alf)

to feed, fodder {* livestock)

J*- mu'aft

ill,

sick, ailing

JJ 'alaf pl.

Ji^Ul

a'lf,

,j*jU *ilf,

Jim mu'ta ill, sick, ailing weak (letter


;

jip 'ulfa fodder, forage, provender


j'iU 'atif pl.

gram.); defective (word; gram.)


seller

of provender

<_i II

to can,

tin,

preserve in cans {* s.th.)

ii^i*

'alfa pl. .JJ^U 'al'if* stall -fed

J* *vXba

pl. v^-U 'uiab,

-j^

'tf&

box,

animal;

(pl.

.jJ* 'uluf) fodder, forage,

case; can, tin; etui

provender

.J1&

!_'-!--

mi'laf pl. <JJL ma'iip manger,

jU 'alaq {coli.
<* 'alqa

n. un.

) pl. -i

medicinal

troagh
Jiji**

leech ; leech ; (coagulated) blood, blood clot

malf

stall-fed,

fattened (ani-

(eg.)

beating; bastinado; a

mal)
jl* 'aiiqa

thrashing, spanking
j-1*
'aliq
pl.

jhfc

'aJd'ig*

fodder,

a (alaq) to hang, be Buspended,


on,

forage, provender
J-l*

dangle; to stick, oling, cleave, adhere

(^

to); to catch
(<_*

(i~>

in),

get oaught

'vUaiq

twining

and

creeping

or stuck

on,

in); to

be attached,

plants or shrubs (of varioua kinds); the


lesser
bot.);

affixed, ubjoined

(*_--

to s.th.);

(<3>L*

bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis;

'ut?,

keep (^ to s.o.), be attached, be devoted (*_* to s.o.), be


*j*>U

'aJdga) to

common

English

blackberry,
bot.);

bramble (Rubua fruticosus;


berry; raspberry

blaok-

fond

(<_>

of

s.o.);

(with
.

foll.
.
.

imperf.) to
start

begin,
s.th.;

commence to

doing

U-L

'vUaiqa:

^j*

UJ*. 'u.

ms the

'aligat (Jjl* 'ul&q) to

become
attach,

Burning Bush

pregnant, conceive (woman) II to hang,

j^U 'aq
U*>U

coat hanger

suspend (J* or
hitch, fasten,

*-*

* s.th.
tie

on),

affix,

(* s.th.

J* or

'alqa

attachment,
(pl.
-t,

devotion,

to); to leave

undecided, keep pend(* s.th.); to (* s.th.

affection,

bond;

jS'U *aU?f)
i-Ul olW*Jl

ing,

keep

in

abeyance

make
<-*

relation, afflliation, aasociation, contact,

dependent or conditional

or
an-

bond, connection
publio relations;

(<_*

with)

Jp on); to comment (J* od

s.th.),

W* jj connected

notate, gloss, furnish with notes or a

with, related to; *>U1 oiS oLULJI (*uZ1<U)

commentary
s.th.), jot

(Js.th.), remark,state (J

the competent authorities;


f

olWJl

^Li

with regard to); to make notes ( of

(jJ'iUl) gof
(

ai-'a.

severance of relations;

down

(* s.th.)

set one's hopes on;

(ahammlyatan)
to
s.th.

to

Jp jUSfl ji* to J* {Sj^L^) <>' 3^* attaoh importance


|

jJ'iUJl )

O IWUJI j^ tawattur al-'a. tenseness


jWp
'al'itf

of relations, tension in the relations


il^U 'ilqa pl.

a Btrap,

IV to hang, suspend (^ *
affiac,

s.th.
(<-*

and the

like, for

suspending

s.th.

on), attach, hitch, fasten,


s.th. to)
;

tie

to apply leeches
(<_*

to hang, be

3Mp

'aliqa coat

hanger

suspended, dangle
cleave,

from); to cling,

jU
JSm
jjjj

a'tos: j^-UU
is

jUI

(rf*An)

that to

adhere (v to); to keep, stick, hang on (<-* to); to be attached, be de-

which the mind

more

inclined

mi'lq pl.

jJU-

ma'liq* pluck (of

voted (v to), be fond (o of s.o.); to depend, be dependent or conditional ( J*


or

an animal)
ta'Jig

hanging, suspending; temremission or abrogation,

v
(<_*

on )' to
(*-*

refer,

pertain,

belong,

porary stay,
s.th.)
s.o.,
|

be related

to),

be connected, have to
(<_*

Suspension; the oblique, "hanging" ductus (in Arabio calgraphy)


;

do

with), oonoern

*-

jL
(pl. -t,

jJ Uj
jJLJ

{bi-hubbihl) to

be fond of

be affectaliq*)

commentary,comment(s),explan|

tionately

attached to

s.o.;

J^H

\*

atory remarks; suspended lamp


i3SUI
t.

with regard to, as to, regarding, concerning

at-falq conditional repudiation,

conditional pronunciation of the talak


a'lq

jL

*Uq, 'alq pl. <yh-\

precious

(Ist.

Law); UVI J* ji*J (o6*) news


(radio)

thing, object of value

commentary

635

^
s.th.,

-JLU
soholium

ta'liqa

pl.

-t,

jJLJ

ta'llq*

j* from); to diBtinguish, difFeren(

marginal note, Annotation, note, gloss,

tiate

j- a

s.th.

from) II to teach
instruot, brief

(i_>

or or

b.o.

s.th.),

{<_>

jLJ
(

ta'aUuq

attachment,
(.->

devotion

a
(

s.o. in s.th.);

to train, sohool, eduoate

to), affeotion

for);
(<->

linkage, oon-

s.o.);

to designate, mark, earmark,

nection, relationship
,jIm

with)

provide
s.th.); to

with

distinetive

mark (J*

mu'aUiq commentator (radio, press)


in

(* s.o.)

put a mark (J* on) IV to let know (yort s.th. or about s.th.),
or a
s.o.

jU* mu'allaq suspended, hanging;


Buspense,
in

teil (<_>

about), notify, adrige,

abeyanoe,
(<->

pending,

un-

apprise, inform

(<_>

or a

s.o.

of or

decided ;

hinging

on) ;
(i_*

depending,
or

about
with)

s.th.),

aoquaint (o

or

s.o.

depondent, oonditional
conditioned

on),

V
(a

to learn, study
B.th.)

(a

s.th.);

to

(y or J* by) jU> j-~ (jisr) Suspension bridge; jU* -*!- suspense account; iil*- oljL suBpension rail|

know
a a

to inquire (j*

or
or

of
s.o.

s.o.

about), ask, query (j*

about), inform o.s. (j*


s.o.

or a

ways ;
<^>

Ui**
4=-*j

JTL-*

pending
his

questions
deaire
is

through
(

about), gather Information


s.o.

U1m

(ro^&aiuAfl)
. .

or a

from

about)
learaing,
lore;

directed toward

1
pl.

'Um

knowledge,

ULu mu'oUaga
bill;

& plaoard,

poster,

eognizanoe,

aoquaintanoe; Information;

oUIaII

the

oldest

oolleetion

of

Cognition, intelleetion, pereeption, knowl-

complete ancient Arabio kasidas

edge;

(pl.

pl 'ulm) soienoe;
|

pl. /jJUI

jLc(_*

mufa'att?

attaohed,
(-

deroted
related,
(_>
s.o.

the (natural) sciences


iva-' amalan
<Jl.

^f-j

^U 'man
practically;

to);

connected
(_

theoretioally

and
be

with),

pertaining

to),

ooncerning

j jj
may
]t
j.lj

(li-yakun)

it

known to
s.th.

or s.th.)

J^

(&*-AuM*A() affection-

him,

he know, for his Information;

ately attaohed to s.o. ; oLiLc- ^> depending

J* S" (tmm) to know

on

s.o.

or

s.th.,

pertaining

to

inside out, be thoroughly familir with


s.o.'s

authority

s.th.;

to have fall eognizanoe of s.th.;

Jl^l
'alqim* eolocynth
taste
bitterness,
{bot.)
|

baoteriology; jJrt-Vl

-iL 'alqam
JJi

pl. -i^A*

ogy;

-jI-J-I

1* arithmetic; ItJ-l

^ sociolV al'*.

jlj

to

suffer

Aay&biology; L-Vl
al-hayautn
oljill

^ do.;
ihArf-Vl

Ol^J-l ^'i.
i* ethics;

annoyance, rexation, ohicanery or tor-

zoology;

ments (j- from)


iiJLs

V
L

'.

a4-4arrt nuclear physics;

'alaita

('alle)

to chew,

ohamp

oj3l
(a s.tR.,

'.

at-tarbiya

pedagogy; 4*^Jl

i*
(

'i.ap-iwAAahygiene; o!j^VI Vphonetics;

esp. * Uli the bit, of

a horse)
>Ull
i
'.

ai-m'<Jiin mineralogy;

iL

'ilk

mastio

UI
'".

*'.

al-luga lexioography;
^,-iJI j*

OLJl
''. ''.

V V
m

'aZtma a film) to
s.th.)!

know

(<^>

or

an-nabtt botsny;

an-nafs

a,

b.o.,

have knowledge, be cognizant, be


(<_>

psyohology; Ui*Vl iJulUj i*


a*$*

w. al'*'

aware
(._>

or * of

s.th.),
s.th.),

be informed be familir,
s.th.);

physiology;
fjJUI

kJU*

#"*&
oj-'u.

or a about or of
(<->

student;

JS"

fcuttiyoJ

the

be aoquainted
pereeire,
(<_>

or a with
or a

to

Faculty

of

Science

of the

Egyptian

discem

(<->

s.th.), find

out

University
(J

or a about
to

s.th.,

j- from), learn,

JU

'Iffl<

scientific;

erudite

(book);

come

know

(_

or a s.th. or about

learned (society)

&
U
'aiam

636

pL

f^JUl

a'ldm sign, token,

of-ia'otfur

and t^^-dl

<-"^* 'a. at-ta'ajjvb

mark t badge,
aoteristic;

distlnguishing mark, ohar-

exclamatian point;

fl^jc-lfl

<*^Uquestion

harelip;

road sign, signpost,

mark;

q.

11

i*^* quotation
(pl.

mark
x
)

gnjdepost; Sag, banner; a distinguished,

oatstanding
ty,

man; an eminent
star,

'oitom tender;

jlU

'a ylim

personali-

well with abundant water; sea


<.jl*l

an authority, a

a luminary;

proper

name

(gram.)
*-!

J jU

> j^

u'Itima

pl.

^1*1

a'6lim %

road

very famoos; i*

wmun

'alamun or

sign, Bignpost, guidepoet

imit 'atamin
(Uran.);
|1U

pl.

p^*Vl IH proper name

<*^J ft'ldma most erudite, very learned

Jx>Jl

^ receipt
'awAKm 1 world;
j 11 Uli al-'iam&n the

U. ma'Jam
abode,

pl.

jlU*

ma'dftm*
track,

plaoe,

*dJam

pl. -An, |Hj

locality,

spot;

trace;

universe, oosmos;

landmarkt

mark, distinguishing

mark,

two world

Europe and America;


\j^\ JU
*. ai-

charaeteristio ; road sign, Bignpost, guide-

jjlU 'Oiamn inhabitants of the world,


speeif.

poet ; peouliarity, partioularity ;


ourioaitiea ;
line,

pl. Bights,

human

beings

charaeteristio
(e.g.,

traits ;

out-

hayaw&n the animal kingdom; OiUll |IU '. al-ma'm the mineral kingdom
oLl

oontours

of

the

body),

lineaments, features (of the face)

JU

'5.

an-fto&U

the

vegetable

Um ma'lama
JjS ta'lim

pl. -<K
-of,

encyclopedia
^JLJ
ta'lim* In-

kingdom;

lifo >jrJ\ (1U this world, this

pl.

JIU

'iami

worldly,

seoular,

world

formation, advioe, Instruction, direction;


teaching, Instruction; training, schooling,

(adj.); international;

world-wide, world-

famous, enjoying world-wide renown

education;
'li*

apprenticeship;
direotions,

pl.

CjI^L
In-

UU
mlya

'iamtya

internationality;

instruotions,

directiveB ;
|

see after 'dtfm

formation,
(mulftaiit)
(pl.

amiounoements
coeducation;

-Vbi ^l
(lin)
--lj-

JU ^U

JU*
layman

'oimdnf, JliU laio, lay;

-*)

higher education, aoademio tudies ;

(in diatinetion from the olergy)


pl.

JLJ mur&qib

t.

a military rank, approx.:

-L *om
oognizant,
_LJ1

'Jarno* 1

knowing;
erudite;
attri-

master Sergeant (Eg. 1939);


t.

^U Jj-

pol

infrmed; learned,

do. (Eg.)i

f^d\ ji fann att. peda-

the Omnisoient (one of the

gogy, pedagogios
^-J*J ia'IImf instruotional, educationol
t

butes of Ood)

^U
foll.

'aOm knowing thoroaghly (with


C*^*-l

ridm

notifioation,

ad vice;

in-

getiit.:

a.th.),

oompletely

familir

formation; notioe

(with)

U to'oUum learning, studying,


'oJ (prep.)

study;

**U 'aidma aee J


r

under

_>1p

education

i.'iU

aUma most erudite, very learned


pl. -dt,

f^lcJ
(pl.

tt'ldm

inquiry
|

(jp

about);
<---*

i.^* 'aidma

^
O

*aWm' mark,
distinguishindioation,

-dt)

information
al-ist.

CjIoLi^H
agency

sign, token; badge,

emblem;

maktdb

information

office,
,

in-

ing

mark,
|

oharaeteristie;
ii

formation

desk ;

news

press

Symptom
(tijriya)

*:A foftlmafa) in

token
<***

agenoy, wire serviee


flU

of that, as a sign of that; **j\f

'lim
(^

knowing;

familir,
(^>

acof);
(pl.

trade-mark; lSj\

'<'**

'a.

ar'

quainted
expert,

with), oognizant

rutba inrignm of rank;

y^l **^*

a>

oonnoisseur,

professional;

637

LU

'ulamd* 1 ) learned, erudite; soholar,


srientist
|
(

nounce, proolaim, promulgate (*


to State frankly (> Jl to
s.o.

s.th.);

savant,

j^

iU

(fabfi)

s.th.)f to

physicist, natural soientiat; o^-tiI

LDI

announce

(ul that); to iasue

a summona
(ji>

(mufctatpn) the Bpecialists, the experts

(Jl to s.o.); to

give notice

of); to

IU 'lima
scholar;
(eg.)

woman

of leaming, vornan

advertise (j* s.th., e.g., the rent or aale

of s.th. in a newspaper) ; to give evidenoe


(je- of),

singer, ohanteuse
indioate,
|

show, betray, bespeak

LiU
linesa,

'limiya
erudition,

learnedne&s,

soholar-

(jp s.th.)
olare

<J

<->J-\

J*\ (harte) to de-

rank or dignity of a

war on

s.o.

Till

=1; X

= I;

to

'lim ; rank of soholarship, oonferred

by

seek to bring out or to disclose (* s.th.);


to bring to light (* B.th.)

diploma, of the Great Mosque in Tunis

and of AI Aznar
L\
a'Iam*

in Cairo

Up
best

'alanan openly, overtly, publioly,

having more knowledge;


|

in publio

more leamed
A_ji**

i1

*\

God knows

Jl* 'alanl open, overt, publio

ma'lm known; fixed, detenrned,


of oourse!
(as

given;

certainlyl

sure!

no

jU

*alin open, overt, publio ; evident,

doubtl

an

affirmative reply);
fjl*ll

known
sum,

patent
iJ-^U 'ainiya openness, overtnees,
lianess, publicity

quantity (math.);
(gram.);

the aotive voice


fixed

pub-

(pl.

JU ma'dUm*)

(asoppoaedtoseereoy);
overtly,
publioly,

fixed rate (money); fixed income; tax,

'alniyatan

openly,

duty," fee; sum, amount, oost(s)


oU!_>-J-l

rjl** live-

patently, in publio

m. al-hayawnt impost on

stock (Tun.);

pl.

oUjl ma'lmt
known
facta;
In-

^l

i'ln

pl.

't

publioation,

Pro-

mulgation;
leaming, perceptions,

revelation,
;

manifestation;

knowledge,
discoveries,

lore,

proolamation

deolaration,

statement,

findings;

pronounoement; announcement, notice;


advertising, publicity

formation, data; news, tidings

(&

for); advertise-

k* mu'aim
tor;

pl. -fln teacher, instruo-

ment, ad; poeter, bill, plaoard \jj~*%.

o^\

maater (of a trade,

etc.)

JljVSfl ^U*

father-aonfessor, confessor

hu^r summona; v.A' ^*' * o^-b deolaration of war; JI r-te 0"jUl 'adam
ai-tiqa

^
i.

<Jm mu'aima woman inatructor


U*
trained,

pl. -t

woman

teacher,

vote of "no oanfidence";


olassified ads;

ij^
taught,
*-!*

oli^l (mubawwaba)

muaam
schooled;
|

instruoted,

Vj~ ^li^l ($au*%ya)


signs

electrio signs,

aky

U*

designated,
jl*. mu'lin

marked
red pencil

j#-Vb <J* U* marked with

announcer, master of cere-

monies
l

(e.g., in

a cabaret)

Lc* muta'aim apprentice; educated;

L. mu'lan: jr

Jl jL*.

summoned

(before

an educated person
^j* 'alana u, 'aluna

a court)
to be or
III to

u (v"^* 'ainiya)

(jU and J)
rise,

*** 'al

ulw) to be high,

become known, manifest, evident


indicate,
(<_> *

elevated, rise high, loom, tower up; to

make known,

reveal, disclose

ascend; to ring out (voice); to heave

to

s.o. s.th.)

IT to manifest, reveal,

(ehest); to

be higher or

taller (je

or
{je>

*, *

make known

(* s.th.); to

make

public,

than
*,

s.o.,

than

s.th.),

(over)top
*

or

publicize, pubsh, disolose, deolare, an-

s.o., s.th.),

tower

(& or *,

over

s.o.,

638

over
(j-

s.th.),

be located or situated higher

to a high offioe

or * than s.th.); to be attached, fized

or fastened above or on top of s.th.{*); to rise

X to rise, tower (J* above); to master (J* s.th.); to take poesession (J* of s.th.), appropriate (J
s.th.)

(^

or * above s.th.); to ezceed,

excel, mirpass (*,

or j*

s.o., s.tb.);

to

be too high

(*,

or

&

for s.o., for s.th.);

J*

'alu :

Jp j* min 'alu from above


height,
tallness, elevation,

to overoome,

get the better of s.o.


to asoend,

overwhelm (Je or s.o.). (); to tum upward;


(* s.th.);

jL- *ulw

altitude; greatness, grandeur, highness,

mount, climb, Scale


cover
(*
s.o.,

ezaltedness,

sublimlty

c^-JI

_jl*

*u.

to

overspread,
(*,

s.th.),

come,
s.th.),

af -flaut sound volume, eound intensity;

descend

upon

upon
|

w*fll

jU

*u. al-ba'b

high, outstanding

befall, seize

(*, s.o., s.tb.)

*j ">U

to

position

raise s.th. or s.o.;

to ezalt, eztol

s.o.;

jjj* *ulwi upper; heavenly, divine

jj\ o c-U (sinnu) he had attained great


age, he was an old man;
u->

*jjb oljl
decree

(irda)

Bupreme

will,

divine

4Jj* "U
...,

(fautuh) his voice rang out with

he

ezolaimed

. . .

aloud ;

J 'aliya a
elevated;

ijjWaiaui upper; heavenly,


(official

celestial;

(oU
('aiy)

'al')

to

be

high,

to

Alawi(adj.and n.);pl. OjijLi\ the Alawia

ezcel, stand out, surpass;

J*

'al i

name of

the Nusairis inhabiting

to
1

climb (^WJI as-safha to the

the ooastal district of Latakia in


Syria)

NW

roof)

la-JI l\*V\ -** [adta, fada'u) rust


~*j*-+

haa oovered the tool;


Olj-Vl
'tdat

wajhah fufratu

l-a.

h*-j -1* deathly

J* 'ulan height,
altitude;
ness, Bublimity ; high
r

tallness,

elevation,

highness, ezaltedness, august-

pallor suffused his face; iXjl *d* 'alathu

rank

s-aa'ma he was overoome by fatigue;


Iji-j

irk

tlJ* 'aiat Safataihi


II to

ragwa t'oam
raise, raise

J
in,

ald (prep.) on, upon, on top of,

appeared on his Ups


aloft, lifb,

above, over (place, rank); at, on, by;


in the state of, in the

manner

of, in

hokt,

lift

up, elevate, uplift,

ezalt

(*, . s.o., s.tb.)

IV

II

*U >1

possession of; to, toward, for; in addition to; to the debit of, to the disad*

(Sanah) to play up,


s.th.,

stress,

emphasize
vantage of; against, in spite
of, despite;

put emphasis on

s.th.; to further,

on the baais

of,

on the strength

of,

by

promote, advance
prestige
rise, lift,

s.th.;

to raise

s.o. 's

virtue of, due to, upon; by, through;

V to

rise,

become high VI to

according to, in acoordanoe with, pursu*

ascend, rise aloft; to resound,

ant

to ;

to

(one's

taste,

one's

mind,

ring out; to be high, ezalted, sublime


(esp. of God); to deem o.s. above or s.th. (J*), look down (J on
s.o.
s.o.,

one's Uking, etc.); during; (aa to syntactical

regimen see under respective verb)

on

s.th.); to

stay

ta'ia

come

(here)l

away (jp from); JLJ come onl let's gol


lift,

J* j* from above ..., from upon ..., from the top of ...; l J* {an, anno) on the oondition that ..., provided
that
...;

forward! VIII to
aloft; to rise high,

rise,

ascend, rise

although, tbough, albeit; l J*


(introducing

tower up; to mount,

(anna)

main
Jt
.

clause)

ascend,

climb, scale (* s.th.); to step

however, but, on the other hand, neverthelesa, yet, still, ...

(up) (a on s.th.); to be enthroned, be

though;

J*
.

(in
e.)

perched
s.tb.);

(*

on

B.th.); to

tower (* above

the subjective notion or view that


as,

., i.

to ascend the throne; to accede

*g-

fif *

V' J* u"J^

^j*

tfr

jan famarti Uardi 'al annah ni'matu


hliha he leaped the fruit of the earth
(aooepting them)
os

make

use of

...!

jwJL i*
<> <u

(bi-f-^abr)

you must have patience!


the one

LU* he

is

a boon bestowed

JJ-'I J# IfaU) on honebaok; *j-Lfl jfb J* aboard the steamer; Cle ^^Ul (ilmu)

by the grace of the gods;


(fahrt

we must have!
him
it's

bring, give

(or

it)

Je ('alayya) to me I must have


!

him (or him to


he
will

it)!
,,

jl <J* it is

incumbent on
. .

, .

his

duty to
iU*

. ;

he must

. .

.,

may
'al

peaoe be upon you


r-ra's
toa-l-'ain

^Jl j

^I^ll

J#

have to

...;

V don't worry!
I

very gladlyl with


publicly, for

pleasure! jl+i^l

^jjj J#

J* V never mindl it's nothing no hrm done! (indicating forgiveness, indulgenoe); IU*
it

everyone to see; jUI J#


sitting

UJL-

he waa

U what
forget

of it? what does

by the
in

fire;

(at) bis right;


(ibuZItn)
(

JU

<_c J# (pamini) to J^je (fa*&) or jTj*


at

matter?

let's

it!

,> iU*

L.

don't don't

worry about
give
...
.

...,

don't

mind
L*

...,

any

oase,

any

rate;

Je

a thought; ul -L
. .

he doesn't

_^t

-J-'l

especially, particul&rly, flpecif(t#g) absolutely, unre-

oare if

it's

of

little

importance to him
(hisbihi)

ioally;

J^i^l J#

that

...;

*jL_*-

at

his

strictedly,

without ezception,

in

any

expense; ;,*

r1* [dain)

he

is

in debt(s);

reepeot,

under any ciroumstanoes ; J#


approximately, almoet, nearly,
JljiJI

^jjrf\

his

*sy *~" J* >* (nn qawty) he bears yeara well ; *jU 'alma wheref

about, oiroa;
ly,

(tatoll)

oontinuoussuc-

fore?

what

for?

why?

inceasantly,

in

uninterruptod

istaigaza 'al l-addn


call

JliVl Je J-L-I he awoke over the

oession; *^i

Je

tfau't) or j_^

Je

(nfln) in

to prayer, he was wakened

by the
things

the light of
ji-l

...;

,>-

Je S"

(haqgin) or

azan;

L JU Jp JJ
supposed
...,

(qua, lisnihi) he

Je lf to be on the right way, have

was
which

to

have

aaid

hit on the right thing, be right;

Je (T

statementa were ascribed to


...;

JUUI or

tk*. Je (T (Jfa'n) to be on the wrong way be wrang, be mistaken


llj^
L.
l

him which

#0j

Je (yadihi) through

y+.\

Je^

(oAbm, yurfflu) he

is

him, by him, at his hand; Jl j J in this manner, thus; aooordingly, henoe; l* Je

as well as

you oan possibly wish

(for
.

Jli (yuqlu) as they say, as


i~.

it is

Said;
to,

him)
E*ofl

...

^ ^ J*>* ne b*3 certain


^
J*_>*
(rf't')

. .

Je

'al hasabi (prep.)

aeoording

he has a good
I

in

acoordance with, oommensurate with,

deal of intelligence;
is

^ Je
thifl
is

.u ^^J there

depending on; 1^-

nothing in

it,

it's

worthless;

^
be
. . .

%J J*

(fau'in)

with

her obeying, without Opposition on her


part; *JiU Je according to his habit, as

^i Je *JSl.u

all

unfamiliar to

him

he
it;

doesn't

understand

a thing
l-m.) to

was
*p

his wont, as he used to do; <>*(hlni


gaflatin)

Je

about

^il

j.*

Je lT (dini

suddenly,

all

of a

belong to the Christian religiou, be a


Christian;
_>

Je olf

sudden, unawares, unexpectedly; J^e Je {'ahdi) at the time of

('t/min) to

informed about, be acquainted with

Je

*aliy high, Uli, elevated; exaltod,

jl

^j

J ulT to wait for s.o. or s.th.; J*for no reasonj^Vl .A-ajJ

sublime, lofty, august, excellent; JJI the

in oognizance of the matter,

knowing the
(ma'rifatin)
it,

Most High, the Supreme (one of the attributes of God) LLJI ^^l (daula)
|

matter;

*u
hifl

without
his
(*,

j Je knowing about
*ij**

name

of the old Ottoman Empire


'ilya
(pl.

without

Ue
tion,

knowledge,
or) take
.
.

un wittingly ;
.

^1

pl U* upper

clasa,

of J 'aliy) ^Ul Ue, people of dietinc:

help yourself to

. . .

prominent people

; ; ;

640

LU

'ulliya,

'iUlya

pl.

J-aU

'alaliy

JU
strong

'lin

high,

tall,

elevated;

loud,

upper roora, upstaira room

(voiee);
;

higher (aa oppoaed to


exalted,

elementary)

lofty,

sublime,

jj-U 'ilyn the uppennoet heaven;


loftiest heighta

high-ranki'ng, of high standing; excellent,


firat-clau, fint-rate, outatanding, of

top
the

lU

'aW

high rank, high standing,

quality

(oommodity)

JU1I
(<faft)

tyUI

nobility

Sublime Porte;
pl. *}U 'oian anvil

JU

JuU>

high volt(fauxBur)

Zi* 'aWi

age, high tenaion

(ei.);

JU J\
letters ;

high frequency

(el.);

4JU

'liyah above,
eap.
in

LU
en(s)

'aly' % loftiness, exaltednesa, aub-

above-mentioned
official

(in

limity, augustness; lofty height; heav|

and buainess

style); 4JU1

jjTx.

.LUll

J*t

ahl

al-'a.

people of

(bi-'Ollhi)

above-mentioned ;
-'til excellent,

(eg.)

JU

highest social standing

JUII

first-rate, top-

j'iU 'ilwa addition; increase, raiae,


extra
allowance,

quaty, A-l (merchandise)


JUi. muia'lin high, elevated,
lofty,

subsidy

/$*

('il&watan) in addition to
*j_i*

exalted; reaounding, ringing; JUill the

'aldya height, loftiness


f.

Most High, the Supreme Being (one of


the attributea of God)
'idan,

J*l a'l,

LU

'vly, pl.

J*

JUI

aalin higher, highest ; upper, uppennoet JUI a'lin the highest portion of s.th.
heighta, peaks
(fig.)
|

j^U
\jU
J,
1

_jl*

jly*

*^l a'lhu

further
JU, Jj-U, LU, i'iU aee

up, above;

^U>1

jjS"-U above-mentioned;

jU

mun'aqid, mustawan) top-level Conference c*j~0 J*L b-a*id pauitn very loud, at the

Jc

abbreviation of the formula f^-JI i*


(aalmu)

may
L/-

peace be upon him!


^*)

top of one'a voiee; jUJI JUl


ing veaael; jLJI

*~r*- seago-

**

'amma

(< U

JUI

a. n-niJ

the upper

courae of the Nile

-* 'amma u

(rjS" 'umwm) to be or become general, universal, common, prev-

JU- ma'Kn
Excellenoy
Minister
^. ,| n 7

(pl.):

J>-Vl JU- noble

alent, comprehenaive, all-embraoing, to

things; JULI ^--L or *JU- ma'lihi His


,

spread, prevail;
include,
(* s.th.),

'amma u to oomprise,
(* all
it

,/

j JU- His Exoellenoy the


of cabinet ministen)
elevation,

embraoe, encompasa, pervade


extend, Btretch, be Bpread, be

(title

ia'liya

enhancement,
(e.g.,

diffuaed,
4i

be prevailing

uplift, exaltation; raiaing

of the

4 jLII
;

over

s.th.)

(baho)
II

has become a
generalize
(*

voice)
lUl i'la* elevation,
lift,

general

neceasity

to

enhancement, up*
|

s.th.)

to spread universally, univeraalize,

exaltation; raiaing, lifting


i.

b
a.th.

popularize,
#*>Ui

demooratize
s.th.)

(*

s.th.)

to

^iJI

iani

i.

boosting, furtherance,

make
opon

(*

universally

acceaaible,

promotion, or advancement of
.^fcftl

{* s.th.) to the public at large; to

i't*

aacension

(e.g.,

to

the
of a

introduoe (* s.th.) universally; to attire or ( a.o.) with a turban V to put on

throne); accession to offlce

(e.g.,

wear a turban VIII


*

cabinet minister)

'amm

pl.

{jf 'umm, (UM a'mm


patemal unole
p*)l
|

^UsJ

isti'l*

Buperiority

fathcr'B brother,

j<l

; ;

641

ibn al-'amm cousin on the father'a aide;


*li

*m

to'mim

generalization,

nniver-

jj bint al-'amm female oousin on the

salization,

general propagation or dif-

father's aide

fusion, popularization, demooratization


pl. -t

4> 'amma

patemal aunt

vulgarization
jU

4> 'imma turban


gf-

general;

*mm public; oommon

universal, prevalent;
|

fUl

j-^l

(amn)

'amim general,

universal,

com-

publio security; jU _/0> (mui(r) direotor


general, general manager; *U!

mon, prevalent; all-comprehensive


tj*
'umrn generality, universality,
whole, total,
totality,

Jj\

{ra*y)

publio opinion; jUI 4-LJI or i-UI <*X*il

prevalence;
gregate;

ag-

(mapiaAa) publio welfare, the

common*

fj+*l\

the (general) public, the

weal; fUlj ^U-'l (typ) high and low,


all

publio at large; U_j>


generally
|

'umman

in general,

men,

all,

everybody

(also

Lojmul
f_>**Jt

L.^

in general

fUl

in particular;
ally;
f_t**Jl

J* in general, gener/-'.

1.1*

'mma

generality;

commonalty;

**-ji

bi-wajhi

generally

the masses, the people; i.L 'mmatan


in

speaking, in general;
il-gufr)
f_t**JI

jLUl +jf-

('.

general;

generally;

oommonly,

al-

throughout the oountry;

^Jjt

together, in the aggregate, collectively

majlis oJ-'u. the

Houae of Commona,
'umrn
in

i-U

**l>-

(ippatan) in particular

all,

the

Lower Houae;
\jjf

frequently

in general;

^Ul i*Uthe common


and
low,
all

people,
l^li-*!

replaces

'ummi
j. '.

Compound
e.g.:

the

masses, the populaoe; i-Ulj

terms of administrative language,


^JI

(#ppa)

high

men,

*jf

<mU

al-'umml general
6ji*i-\

everybody
fl_>*II

federation

of labor;

*jf

SjIaI

General Administration of Customa and


Tariffs
'u.

al-'awmm

(pl.

of <.U 'Jmma)

{Eg.)t

UL-il

the
jl^ji

common
r

(diwn
laity (CAr.)

people, the populaoe; the

ai-maplaka)
chief

administration
administration

headofflce

quarters,

t/U

mmi common,

vulgr, plebeian,

SJUI ff- b\yj d. *u. ai-mliya General

ordinary, populr; ordinary person,

man

Administration of Finances (Eg>); ,jVi"


iSj\

in the street; i-Uli al-'mmiya populr

fj>
of

'

**

or-r%yy General Inspec(Eg.);


u.

language, colloquial language


***

torate
l>>J-J

Irrigation

rjf

^liu

mu'ammam

wearing

a turban,

J-Jt mufattii

an-n al-janbt

turbaned

Inspector General for the Southern Nile


(Eg.)

\jjf
eral;
~<sjf

'ummi publio;

universal; gen|

xf-

'amada
buttress

{'anui) to support,

prop, shore,

common;

State, civil, publio

<->-

(*

s.th.);

to intend,

purpose

(jam'iya) plenary eession; general


*_=S3l

(J or Jl or * s.th.); to

betake

o.a., repair,

assembly;"v_>**J1

jb

{dar eU-ktub)

go

(J or Jl or > to); to

approach, underor Jl about

public Kbrary; *-jf- JUil public works;


(j>-Jl JjX-JI {fundq) publio treasure

take (J or Jl
s.th.),

s.th.), go, set (J


o.a.,

proceed, apply

tum, attend
upon); to

**jf
pl.

of **

'umma 'amm

uncleship,

unclehood

(J or Jl to),

embark

(J r Jl

take up
s.th.);

(Jl a.th.);
i

'amada
II

to be intent (Jl on to baptize, Christen


{

1.L-P-

'imma

pl.

elf-

'am'im 7

tur-

(*

a.o.)

to baptize, chriaten

s.o.)

ban

IV to suppcrt, propi shore, buttress

; ;

;; ;

642

B.th.); to baptize,

ohrUten

( s.o.)

V to
do on

major (Eg. 1939); a naval rank

inter-

intend, purpoae,

do

intentionally,

mediate between thoee of lieutenant Com-

purpose

(* a.th.);

to approach (* a.th.)

mander and lieutenant


IjuS

{Eg. 1939)

with a definite aim in mind; to Single out ( s.o.), aim (*, at); to be baptized,

'amida principal, headmistress,


(of

direotress
girls)

a secondary sohool

for

be

christened

*UIj

Ui**j

U
iyf-

(ihna) he was not out to insult her, he had no intention of offending her

'amd

pl.

lxf\ amida,

Xf 'umud
lamppost

V; to lean (J* against), Support VIII one's weight (J* on); to rely, depend
or J* on s.o., on s.th.); to use as a basis ( or J s.th.); to employ, use,
(a,

flagpole, shaft (of a Standard); pale, post,

prop, shore, pier, buttress ;


(telephone,

telegraph)

pole ;

oolumn,

pillar, pilaster;

stem

(of a glass);

(pl.

apply

(* s.th., e.g.,

new method); to

lxf\)

oolumn

(of
|

a newspaper);

confirm (* s.th.); to sanction, authorize {* s.th.); to loan, give on credit (* J to


s.o.

ment,

cell (el.)

Sj^
Jk***

^
^

ele-

(*>**) the

vertebral oolumn, the Bpine; t^jJl Jj-Jl


(faqri)

a Bum)

do.;

(kahrabft)

electrode
xf-

*amd
;

intention,

intent,

design,
(;ur.)

purpoee premeditation, willfulnesB


\x*

3_pU
ijf-

'md
|

pl.

'amdan intentionally, deliberately,


wlfiilly,
*-i

'amd

-Vli* 'awmid* i^sSil *>*L* steering

on purpose; xjl (;ur.)


]

premeditatedly

oolumn, steering mechanism (of an automobile)


,jiyf-

Hbh
Law)

oZ-'a. quasi-delib-

erate intent
,j xf-

(Isl.

'amdi oolumnar, pillar-shaped


perpendicular, upright
|

'amdi

intentional,
(;ur.)

deliberate

vertioal,

*yU

premeditated, willful
xf-

*i\yf helicopter

'umda
subject,

support,

prop,
basio
xf-

shore;
iasue

jli**ll L-jj

yhannl-ma'madn John

main
(e.g.,

main

issue,
(pl.

the Baptist
-l**j

of a eontroTeray);

'umad)

ta'mid baptism

chief of a village, chief magistrate of a

small

oommunity

(0-)>

mayor

Atf,"

ta'ammud intention,

intent, design;

resolution, determination, purpose; \x*S

*lf 'imd pl. xf 'arnad support, prop,

ta'ammudan
meditatedly

and

-Uti

intentionally,

stay (also

fig.);

bracket, buttreas, post,

pole, pillar;

'imd baptism
pl.

deliberately, wlfully, on purpose, pre-

4;>

amld

>\xf

'umadS* support;
a

^ i**j ta'ammudi intentional, deliberate,


premeditated, willful
a]^\

head, chief; dean (of a faoulty) ; prinoipal,

headmaater,

direotor

(of

seoondary
i'timd
relianoe,

sehool) ; doyen,
oorpfl)
;

dean

(as,

of a diplomatio
(also
.*-**)'

dependenee

high

oommissioner

t/Ul), resident general; military raoks,

on), oonfidence, trust (J* in); oon(J* firmation ; sanotion, approbation, author-

approx.
lieutenant

major

(Eg.

1939),

approx.

ization ;
(pl.
-<W)

accreditation
credit,

(of
|

diplomats)

oommander (Eg.

1939), approz.

loan

^\ >
1

j*VI

(commanding) general
oolonel (U.A.R.)
j

(/r.),

lieutenant

.^5* (nafs) eelf-confidence, self-relianoe;

b* XJ- (|nin)

a mil-

jI^V' kvtob
al-i't.

ol-i't.

or j*VI

JLu aurq
**!

itary rank intermediate between thoee

credentialB

(of diplomats);

of major and captain, Brit.

adjutant-

j'L;i (idd) supplementary loan

; ;

643

J*
to sottle, colonize (* s.th.); to turn (* a

<;*>**

ma'mdlya baptiam; baptismal

foDt
u**

country) into a oolony

mu'ammad

baptizee,

one

re-

jf *mr
a'mr
life,

('amr

in

oaths)
life,

pl.
life

jl>l span,

ceiving baptiam

duration of
(of

U*i muta'ammid deliberate, premeditated, willful; intentional

lifetime; age

a person)
life!
41I

jj**} la-

'amri

upon

my

j**J

la-'amru

Udhi Ui*. mu'tamad


reliable,

dependable;

by the everlasting existence of God! by the Eternal God! ^^1 olj

objeot of reliance, support; sanctioned,

dt al-'umram amphibian (n.);


i- (i&rina sanatan)

^ jl* *jf
turban);

approved, authorized; aooredited; commissioner, authorized agent, proxy, envoy, representative; oommissary, com-

he

ia

twenty years old


(e.g.,

Ij>

'amra

headgear

(eg.) repair,
r

repair

c/UI -u^i! (3mi) the High Commissioner; J_*J 0*i** (qunfuli) consu|

missar

work
to

j>

umra pilgrimage

Mecca

(the

lar

agent

(dipl.)

4j>uim mu'tamadlya legation (dipl.)


jf-

"minor hadj" which, unlike the hadj proper, need not be performed at a particular time of the year and
so-called

'amara u
longevous;
to

u
be

('amr, *umr) to live long, be


i,

whoee Performance involvea fewer


emonies)

cer-

'amura u

(ijlf-

'amra)
flower,
(jij>

thrive,

proaper,

flourish,

'umr donation for

life {Isl.

Law)

bloom ;
to be to
fill

to

or

become
up;

inhabited,

jL^ 'amra (naval) fleet Ijl^

peopled, populated, oivilized, cultivated


fll, filled,
filled

'amara u
make
live,
s.th.),

'imra

pl.

&, J\s

'am'ir*

with

life,

cause to thrive,
inhabit
(*

building, edifice, atructure; real estate,

prosperous;

to

tract
j^JI

lot; lj)^\ or ;j|,JI

fann

al-'i.

or

dwell
(*lj*s.o.'s

(*

in

s.th.);

to

fill,

pervade
in

i--u* handasat

al-'i,

architecture,

a.o.'s

haart),

reign

(*[-

art of building

heart); to build, erect, construct,


rebuild,

o\jf 'umrn inhabitedness, activity,


bustling
life,

raise,
s.th.)

reoonstruot,

restore

(*
(

thriving, flourishing, pros-

II to let ( s.o.) live,

preserve
life,

perity (aa opposed to

s.o.) alive;

to prolong s.o. 's ()

grant

v l/-

feardb);

pop-

ulousness and prosperity (of a oountry)


culture,
civilization ;

long

life (

to s.o.; of God); to populate,

building,

edifice,

people (*

s.th.);

to build, ereot, construct,

structure
(j'j^

raise, rebuild, reoonstruot, restore, repair,

overhaul,
building);
fill

refurbish,

reoondition

(*

'umrni oultural, civilizational


or pertaining
to,

to provide, furnish,

supply,

serving,

cultural de-

(i_>

* s.th. with, e.g., the

lamp with

velopment

oil,

the oenser with charcoal, the goblet


wine);
to load (* a gun); to
fill
fill

h j\* 'ammriya camel-bome sedan


and the
j*\
virgin riding in it into battle

with
(*

a pipe); to
|

in (* a form, a blank;

tun.)

<jj
b.o.'b

jf

(toaqtah) to take up, or

a'mar*

more

inhabited,

more

claim,

time IV to populate, people

(* s.th.);

to perform the

'umra

(q.v.)

populated, more populous; more cultivated, more civilized; more flourishing,

VIII to visit (*,

s.o., s.th.);

to perform
.

more thriving
j]f*

the 'umra (q.v.)

to settle (j

s.o. in);

mi'mr builder, arohiteot; mason

J*
&J*+*
tectural;

644

mi'm&ri

arohiteotonic,

arohi-

:ji-,:,--

mtMta'flwra

pl.

(pl. -<yo)

builder, arohiteot; builder,

mason

jj^- ^-^f* (muhandia)

architeot;

jj^'

J*fl

ifonn) art of build-

ing, arohitecture

jwm

to'mlr

building,

conetruotion,

erection ; restoration, repair, overhauling,


refurbishing, reoonditioning ; Alling,
flll-

ing-up

!>m" to'mlro

filling, fllling-up

jl^cJ i'att'mdr colonizing, colonization,

foundation

of

oolonies ;

imperialistio

exploitation; imperialem, colonialism


tfjl^c-1
Mfi'flwlri

colonial;

colonizer;

imperialistio
*jjl^c-l

isti'mriya

imperialem,

co-

lonialism

lated,

j-U 'mir inhabited; peopled, popupopulous; fll, filled, filled up;


orowded,
filled

jammed,

to

capaoity

(u

with);

amply provided, splendidly


civilized ;

fumiahed ;
flourishing,
is

cultivated

(land)

thriring, prosperous;

j*UI

a frequent epithet of
of ruling housee
|

oastles, palaoes,

etc.,
fll fll

J^/U. j-U (amal)


*. al-jaib
{'.

of hope; ^J-.l j-U

with a

pocket; J i-Ul j-U


s.o.,

a4-4%mma)
s.o.;

obliged to

oommitted to

j*\*

r obsessed by, poflxrJcA ( . on-na/s) sessed by; j-l* A umm 'mir hyena

(zool.);

Ij-U *jr rolaptuouB bosome


ma'mflr inhabited, populated,
jj**ll
|

jj^*4

populoua;

or

Sjj*li

the

(in-

habited) world
all

over

the

(!jjII) jj11 1*1 Jf J world, throughout the

world

545

>
according to, pursuant to, as stipnlated b y: <rfj*- J ^ (barbtya) belligerent, or
1
1

III to

apply

(4*

toward
in a

s.o. a.th.); to

treat (4*

s.o.

in a manner), prooeed,
s.o.
(

deal
trade,

(4*

with

manner); to
|

warlike, acta, military Operations; JI>*VI

do business

with

s.o.)

JtlU

LU

iwjVI

(arba'a)

the

first

four rules of

(bil-mifl) to
s.o.

repay

s.o. like forlike, treat

arithmstic; JjjU JL^I (manziya) house-

in like

manner IT

to

make

(* a.th.)

hold chores, household work; ijjj Jl>l

work, put to work, operate, put into Operation, bring to bear, employ, use (* a.th.);

{yadawiya) handiwork(s), manual work;


J**)l

t^Lm

employer
worldng(in

V or j
s.th.

a J>l to putter, or tinker, with


s.th.
|

about

eise,

work with
{fikra) to

^f

'amall work-,
;

com*

s.th.

on

a.th. eise

^l J^l
J>l

busy

pounds) serving practical purposes, praotical; applied;

the mind, think, reflect, ponder, muse;

LU

'amattyan practically,
;U-i praotioal
life,

in practice

rrrJ

Jl

(saifa)

he caused a

U**JI

massacre among them, had them masaacred V to go to a lot of trouble, take


great pains, spend
trade,

workaday
J*aJI

life,

professional life;

^j,Jl\

(madhab) pragmatism; LLJI L-LJI

much

practical polioy, "Realpolitik"

effort

TI to

do business (with one another); to trade, do business (*. with) VIII to


work,

*J> r amallya
tion,

pl. -dt

work, job; action,

activity; making,

manufacture, fabrioaprooedure,

be aotive, operate

X
.

to

apply
s.tb.);

produotion;

method,

(* s.th.), use,

employ

(*,

s.o.,

teohnique; Operation (as an action done


as part of practical work; med.; m.);

to put into Operation, operate, ran (*


s.th.); a.th.
(

to place s.o.

(.)

at the head of

process
aection

h mJ^J *J>

(qaifariya) Caesarean

J*), install, instate


Jj'L-j

>yl

(J* s.o. over) | 4m J**i-I (waxFila l-qaawa) he

*U r amla iU
ey
|

evil

deed

L*j in the very

brought severe measureB to bear upon him

aot, red-handedly, flagrante delicto


'urnla wages,

J>
tivity;

*amal doing, acting, action, ac-

pay; currency; cur-

work, labor; oourse of aotion,


achievement,

rent money, currency in ciroulation; monilj


*Lf-

way

of acting, practica;

oounterfeit

money;

*Lfi

accomplishment; activity (J* for), work (J* in the service of s.th.); making, produotion, manufaoture, fabrioation; Per-

+-

(sahla) soft currency; L** il> (jo'fta)


*i*JI <_j>

hard currency;

muxayyif

al-'u.

counterfeiter; *L*)I v-tjf currency


gling

smug-

formance, execution; make,


ship; practical work,

workman-

practice;

(pl.

Jl>l a'ml) aot, action; Operation (mtl.);

J>

'amll pl.

ol> 'umaUV*

(business)

work, job, chore, labor; deed,


chievement,
exploit;

representative; agent (also pol.); 00m-

feat,

a-

miBsion merchant (com.); customer, patron; patient; olient

occupation, busi-

ness ; trade, craft, handioraft ; ricegerenoy

province, distriot; administrative district


(e.g Eg., Tun.);

Lf 'amlla woman customer, woman


client

J^JI validity, effec-

tiveness of s.th. (e.g., of

an ordinanoe, and

*L> 'umaila

pl.

-& erg

(unit of

the like)

^ J**)l ,1^1 (ijr* al-'a.) enforce-

energy or work; phyt.)


<JI>

ment, Implementation of s.th.; V' J*J U what's to be done nowf what's there to be done? what oan you do? o "&? ('ama*

'amla

pl.

-t
;

wages, pay; bro-

kerage,
trict,

commission

department,
prefecture.

dis-

province;

(Akj.)

ad-

km)

in

execution

of,

in

pursuance

of,

ministrative district

>
Vjf 'umla
,ilf

brokerege, commisaion
labor,

man, workingman, laborer; wage earner, employee; govemor, vioegerent, lieu(in

'ummli
|

workers'

tenant;
labor organ,

administrative

offleer

at

the

Compound)

yi<*

"5"

head of a 'amai (Tun.);


J.UI
,

(Alq.) diitrict
ySJ-,1
|

labor (news)paper

President, prefect (of a 'amOSa)

J^. ma'mal
mill;

pl.

J-l~ ma'm} factory,


laboratory;
pl.

(jaiS)

the regulr, or active, army;


('.

Workshop, plant, works, establishInstitute;


|

iijl

J.U cJlabor

-gadab) in wrathful
J^JI

ment;

J-l~

agitation,
oi-'u.

infuriated;

v>"
the

A**
Brit.

industrial plant

i~JI

research Institute;
jjil Ja*

J m. al-btthi j.^ J refinery;


pl.

party
J.I

(speoif.,

Labour Party);

j-1 (V>)

*"

m. aJ-Ia6an daiiy

member
treatment;
life,
j

LL

mu'dmato

Jj

nia'mi 6tA> in force, effective,

procedure; social intercourae, sooial

valid; in use, applied J-.U1I al-ma'mil the coffee

asaociation (with one another); behavior,

implements

oonduot (toward others); business; transaction;


(esp.

(bedoutn)

in

pl.)

mutual

relations,

business relations; pl.


(of freight,

0^-l~
|

handling
L.U11

J.U. mu'mil

coeffleient (mo<*.)

luggage, etc.)

Jill

musta'm user J.7

(mt(I) reciprooity (in international trade)

Uj

jS'VI JjJl ILl jZ fct*


l-alfari

id-

J**
(also

mwfa'maJ

employed,

used

not new, seoondhand); in use,

duwali

ri'yahm

most-favoredapplied

nation olause

(<ttpl.)

finioality,

J^J la'ammvl affectedness, mannerism


A.UJ

affectation,

j-)S

'imlq

pl.

JU

"amdl!! Amalekite;
|

gigantio,

giant,

huge; a giant
liners

Jl>

jUJI huge ocean


l

ta'mvi conunercial intercourae,

trade relations, trade, dealings, transactions; business, transactions (stock

jf *amman

'* (> 0

nw

exchange);

(pl.

St)

O reaotion (cAem.)
use,

jl> 'umn*

Oman,

Sultanate in

SE

Arabia

jl>

'unwSnl

Omani,

Oman
(the

(adj.)

J^l
J^VI
J^c-Vl

ti'mtl applioation,

em-

ployment; utilization, exploitation: Operation, h^n rflin g (e.g., of a maohine) |

jU 'ammn' Amman
Kingdom
of Jordan)

ancient Phil-

adelphia, oapital city of the

Hashemite

J>j-

mW
*0'

oJ-m- ey * handle; nJ-w*.

abuse,

misuee;

J^VI
used,

*ILi in

general use,

oommonly

t* 'amilia a ('amah) to wander about, stray,


rove; to stray
(,j*

generally

aooepted;

1^1 U

from)

atXa tti'milaka to abuse, misuse, mieemploy


J.I
s.th.

^f

'amiya a faman) to be or beoome blind,


lose one's eyesight; to be blind (j to

'mfl

aotive;

effective;

(pl.

s.th.);

to be obscure (J to
to or obscure,

s.o.)

II

to

AJt* 'aiDdm1 )

faotor, conatituent, Cle-

blind, render blind (. s.o.); to blindfold


(<

ment, (oausative) agent, motive power; word governing another in syntactical


regimen,
regent
(gram.);

s.o.);

render

oryptic,
(

enigmatio
s.th.)

myBterious,

mystify

(pl.

tilf-

IV to blind, render blind


(

(. s.o.); (<

'wnmdl) maker, produoer, manufacturer; doer, perpetrator, au t hr; worker, work-

to blindfold blind
(,j*

s.o.);

to

make

s.o.)

to a fact)

to be or

beoome

647

blind, lose one's eyesight VI to shut one's

shortly, presently, after a

(little)

while,

eyes (je on

s.th.),

pretend not to See

soon;

uHi UL.j je through the good


. .

(je s.th.); to be blind (je to)

Offices of

.;

*jj

^
'<*?
-

j Ujj (yauman) day

'aman blindnesg

after day, from


{quiil)

day to day;
killed to

/^T je

Ijts

amiya ignorance,

they were

the last man;

folly

^- jLc Je

oU

(/amnina natan) he

L6 'amS heavy clouds


iil>

died at the age of eighty ;


folly
pl.

\jS aV je iL

'amya ignoranoe,
a'm,
f.

(tarda) he died leaving a large fortone

^\
'umy
or

.L/

'amy'',
blind

^h

"Je 'anna
itself,

('onn,
itself

J^
(J

'ananl to present
to s.o.);

jU

'umy an

Um

nui'nuSA pl. Im nui'dmin roadleas

desert, roadlesg area


l>LJ

to take shape, to form, arise, Bpring up (J in s.o.'s mind), suggest itself (J to s.o.; of

offer

ta'min

blindness,

(state

of)

an opinion); to appear (J to, before) ul J je it oooured to him that


. .

delusion
L

<* 'mma impotenoe


pl. *1L

(of the

male)

j**-

mu'amman

ntu'ammayfi

be 'ann OLe 'indn

(ooll.

n. un. i) clouds

riddle, puzzle
pl.

i^l a'inna rein(s); bridle


|

p an
'

(P re P-) off,

away from; from

(desig-

ubJI

jlU

{aflaqa, 'inna)

to give free
s.th.;

nating the source); out of (a feeng); about, on (a topic); acoording


tested or declared by, from
to, aB at. .

rein to s.o. or s.th., give

vent to

what

says,
of,

l'sr (jarat, a'innatMt) things took a normal eourse, developed


as scheduled
J*:* 'innln

U^*l

j>-VI

on the authority

of;

on the basjg

on

the 8trength of ; for, in defense of ; as a Substitute for; (as to syntaetioal regimen


see

impotent (male)
!)
'i.

under respeotive

verb)

4U_ je

t^

'inab (ooll.; n. un.


|

pl.

^bel a'nUb
bot.)

(yamlnihi) to (or at) his or

its right, at

grape(s)

Jl ^*
(ooll.;

ai-ifb blaok

(or on) his or its right side, to the right

nightshade (Solanum nigrum;

of him or
(alfi

_^JI jj- je ,- JJ\ fLiljl Je qadamin, aafhi l-bahr) 1000 feet


it;

V^e
jujube
'j^e

'unnb

n.

un.

jujube

(Zizyphus vulgaris Lam.;

above sea
of, via;

bot.); (its fruit)

level;

JtJ. je
of,

(lariqi)

by means by
on
s.o.'s

through;

by way iUI

ilaika

'anni

away from me! ty\ je


order(s),

'anbar

ambergris;

(pl.

_,L* 'ondiir1 )

(amrihi)

at

s.o. 's

Bperm whale, cachalot

(zool.)

instigation,

s.o.'s initiative;

*s~u je

iSs?* 'anbari perfumed with ambergris;

oonseiously, fully aware of the Situation;

liqueur

(also

j.^e

.Lu);

V
by

a variety of

j-"-

ij

(*ni niya) in good faith,

pigeon
liiJI

bona

fide;

j- je
Jiyi-

(haqq) justly, rightly,

rights;

je
f

Ij^c 'anbaral

(tauf)

for

fear;

ai-HW

the severity

i'j-s

je,

j*ie

je

m) on the
fll

of winter
basis of
'jCe

sound knowledge,
the Situation;

in

cognizanoe of

'anbar

pl.

_,Ue

'anibir1

storehouse,

jj^

je gladly, happily,
{qan'atin wijd'

magazine,
hall;

joyfuy; <J |jrj

U je

faotory hold (of a ship); ward, seotion (of

depot,

warehouse;

niya) out of absolute inner conviction ; je

a hospital); quarters (of a ship's crew);


barraok(B)

^rij or

^,J

U-,

J- je or Jii If ('ammd)

648

1* 'anita

{'anal) to fall

on

evil days,

come

offer (stubborn) resistance (* tos.o.)

Xto

to

grief,

distress,
sin,

meet with hardahip, be in suffer advereity; to commit a

cling stubbornly (* to s.th.)

X*

'inda (prep.) at, near, by, with, on

specif.,
()

commit

fornication II

to

(of place,

time and possession); upon; view of x*


;

force s.o.

to perform a difflcult task


afflict,
(*

in the opinion of, in the

IT to

distress,

harass
s.o.);
s.o. ()

s.o.),

min'indi from; from the home

of;

away

bring hardahip
s.o. ()

upon

to treat

from; x* j* in nie turn, for his part;

harshly, deal with

roughly
or

to

cause
{

vexation,
s.o.).

annoyance
(

distress
b.o.),

to

bring trouble

upon
to

x* a UJ JiLil he added s.th. of his own; Uxj. then, at that moment, with these words; & X* Jp {'indt) against me;
c-aJI

harass,

press, molest
s.o.
()

s.o.);

x*

(bait)

near the house, at the


...,

seek to confuse

with questions;
fight (^>

house; J-jl -t* to be exaet speaking


. . . ;
(

strictly

to pick a quarrel, be out for a

riJI ?Jb x*

(/.

%S-5ams) at
I

with

s.o.);

to stickle, be pigheaded, insist

sunrise; -U-Ij jUjj

&x*

{'ind\ dtnr)
iHi

stubbaruly
r

have only one dinar (with me);


then, thereupon, at that
u-ilj-*

x*
i]jl

c--*

anat distress, affliotion, hardahip,


adveraity;
;

moment;

misery,

pains,

trouble,

in*

aI

X*

^j-ijVl

(m. ul-ard, turb) the

convenience

oonstraint, coercion

kings of this world are mere dust in

Oli*t i'nt torment, harassment, molestation, ohicanery, constraint, coeroion

cjj

ia'annut

obstinacy,

obduracy,

^ X* in my U what do you thinkT what is your opinion T x* JZj ^jtj {yahun, ra'yihim) he was not what
comparison
with

God

opinion, as I think; il-c*

jl

pigheadedness, stubborn zeal, stiokling

they had

expected;

xb

,j-*-

X*
up

uK*
to,

c > mttta'annit obstinate, obdurate,


pigheaded, stubborn
'*

(husni zannihi) to meet, or be


s.o.'s
*j

high

expeetation;

j_j-

x*

K"

jiill

{husni zzanni) to have a


**+.**

good

'antara to display heroiam

opinion of s.o.;
to follow
b.o.'s

X* tT

(nxtfhihl)

Je* 'antar ntar {the hero of a well-

advice
as soon as, whenever;

known romance

of chivalry)

Lx* 'indamd
when, as

tfj* *antari pl. -\ya populr reciter of

the ntar romance


ijj*
'antari
pl.
I_rli*

JUu* j* min 'indiytihi sprang from


'antira brasbis

Biere; bodice, corsage

one's

own mind, his own brain own aecord, on one's own

child; of
initiative

Je*

*anlariya Antar, the

romance of

tix* 'inddidin then, at that time; at


that

ntar, cycle of stories relating the deeds of ntar

moment, thereupon, then

with

that, thereby

x*
unjuhiya haughtiness, self-importance,
pride
i

'an\d
(J

pl.

X*

'unud
s.th.)
;

resisting

stubbornly
obstinate,

s.o.,

stubborn,

obdurate,

pigheaded,

head-

'anada u

(*ye 'und), 'anida a {'anad)

strong, opinionated, wlful, pertinacious


iht. 'ind resistance,

and 'anuda u to swerve, deviate, diverge,


depart

Opposition; stub-

(^

from); to resist stubbornly;


obstinate,
( s.o.,

bornness, obstinacy, obduracy, pigheadedness, headstrongness, opinionatednefis,


willfulness, pertinacity

to be headstrong,
III to resist

stubborn
doggedly).

or oppose

649

<3*
'an'ano?
traditions

ojLu mu'dnoifa resiatance, Opposition;

obc*

(pl.)

stubbornneas, obatinacy, obduraoy, pig-

j*u. mu'an'an

transmitted,

handed

headedness, headstrongness, opinionatedneas, willfulneas, pertinaoity

down
-Jtic II
(i-.

JjU>
(J
a.o.,

mu'nid
s.th.);

resisting

Btubbomly
obstinate,

to treat aeverely, harahly, with rigor

stubborn,

or Je or
)

* s.o.),

deal with

s.o. (lj

or

obdurate, pigheaded, headstrong, opinionated, willful, pertinaciouB

Jp or

roughly; to reprimand, rebuke,


sharply,
berate,

oensure

ohide,

soold

(uor*
*}* 'andala song of the nightingale
J-* 'andalib pl.

a.o.)

IT to treat aeverely, harahly,


(

with rigor
roughly

s.o.),

deal with

s.o.

()

JjL* 'andiP nightingale


<Ji&

*unf,

*tmf

sternness,

aeverity,

(01*

'andam brazilwood, aapanwood (uBed

rigor;

harahnesa;

bluntneaa,

gruffheaa;

for dyeing) ; red dyestuff

ruggednesa,

roughneaa;
fierceness,

violence,
bitternesa,

ve-

ijx* 'andami deep-red

hemenoe

em-

bitterznent, toughness; uae of foroe

jU 'am
goat

pl. Jipl o'nuz, J>l* 'unz,

J* *n2

i_a^*

an\f

stern,

severe,

drastic,

rigoroua; harah, hard; ungentle, rough,


(n. un.) pl. -t

jU *anza
IjC*

goat

rde;
violent,

blunt,

gruff;
;

rugged,

rough;

'anaza a ehort spear, iron-tipped

vehement
atrenuous,

fieree,

embittered,
difBoult

at its lower end

tough ;
(e.g.,

exacting,

reading)

(jJU 'n%8

pl. (j-jlj*

'oufnw8 spinster, old


ljjiifr

'unfuwn vigor, prime, bloom

maid

*jLi IjjLc
pl.

('u.

Sabdbihi) in the

prime

j^*

'unpur

j**b* 'anfir* origin; race,

of hia youth
<JoL*\

stock,
(ehem.,

breed; ethnio dement; element


pol.);

a'naf* sterner, severer, harsher,

component,

constituent,

harder, fiercer
_XjjJ ta'nlf

ingredient; pl. also: nationalities

Btem

oensure, reprimand,

ijj-^f-

'unpuri

race,

racial ;

ethnio

rebuke
ju- II to grab
III to

elementai, of or pertaining to the ele-

menta

tSs*^

,j**L=il

(tabQud)

or

by the neck, to
with),

oollar ( s.o.)

*is^\ jU-VI race hatred; "*i^m^\ iLU


(mas'ala)

embrace, hug
(*

( s.o.);

to aasooiate
o.s.

the nationality problem, the

closely
( to)

attaoh

cloaely

problem of ethnio minorities


**s**

TI to embrace each other VIII to


( s.o.);

embrace, hug
'unquriya
raoe,

to adopt, embraoe

nationality;

(m s.th., eap.

a religion or doctrine), be
s.th.),

raoial theory
'*j-m^>\ al-'aiiara

converted (* to

take
s.th.;

up

(* s.th.);

Whitsuntide; Whit\

to

combine

(*

with

ehem.);

to

sunday, Pentecoat (Chr.)


al-*a.

l^J\ x*

*%d

embrace each other


,jic

Whitsuntide,

Penteoost

(Chr.);

'unug, 'unq pl. jl*l a'nq neck, nape


t

Shabuoth, Feast of Weeks, Pentecoat


(Jvd.)

JLp
pl.

anq

pl.

j^i a'nuq, JjLc 'unq


|

she-kid,
Js-le-

young she-goat

^jVl Jl*

'o.

'unsul

J*L* 'an>tP

Bquill,

sea

al-ar$ caracal, desert lynx


zool.)

(Lyra caracal

onion

; ; ,

660

*ULp 'anq'* a legendary bird, griffon

'an') to be worried, concerned, anxious;

to

toil, labor,

drudge;

'an
mean
r

(*any)
a,

jL* 'inq embrace, hng, accolade


UjLu mu'dnafa embrace, hug, accolade
JipI
religion
i'ftndg

to have in
s.o.,

mind
by);
i.e.
;

(* s.th.),

(_*

s.th.
is,

,yu

embracement

(of

that

{<_>

ya ni or Jl a'nl pass. *unyo (ob*

or doctrine), adoption, acoept-

'inya)

to

worry,

be

concerned
(<->

(u^

ance (of a doctrine)


jjijs

about), take an interest

in); to

take

care

(._>

of), see

to) II to torment,
(*

'unqd

pl.

jJU* 'anqid*

Cluster,

bunch

agonize, distress, harass

s.o.)

III

to

bunch of grapes
JXxj. 'inqS peddler, hawker

be preoooupied (* with
pains
(*

s.th.);

to take
s.th.),
it,

with

s.th.,

in

doing

spend

effort (*
efforts,

on

s.th.);

to see to

0*&*

'ankabvt pl.
(r-.

^L*
-^-t!

'ankib* Spider

make
|

bear in mind,

make

eure

C*jS^J\
spider
(jit)

')

&t* al-'a.

cobweb,

(i

that);

to

undergo,
bear (*

iour,
s.th.);

endnre,
to Buffer

web u ('unw) to be humble, sub-

suffer, suatain,
(* from),

be afflicted (* with)

to

toil,

L* 'an

labor, drudge VIII to be aolicitous

(^
be
feel

missive, subservient, servile (J toward,


before),

about, for, of), go to trouble

(<_>

for),

be obedient, yield, submit (J

to

s.o.),

obey

(J s.o.);

concerned,

anxious
for);

(^

about),
(<_>

to tte
B.o. 's

by

force (* B.th.)

(*>* *anwa) w to be on

concem (^
care,

to take care
for),

of),

provide (^
to),

look (^ after),
s.th.),

{)

mind,

disquiet,
(

disoomfort, to concem,

Bee

(<-*

tend (^
nurse

put one's
(_>

worry, preoccupy

s.o.);

mind, devote one's attention


attend
(<->

to); to
e.g.,

affect, regard, intereat ( s.o.)


Ijift

to),

(._>

s.o., s.th.,

'anwa

force,

compulsion;

for-

a patient)

oiblenesa,

violence;

'anwatan

forcibly,

b* 'and* pains, trouble,


difficulty, distress

toil,

hardship,

by

foroe

J>** aee ,>

ob* 'inya ooncern;


providenoe
taking,
notioe, terest
(_>

care, socitude,

nin humble, subservient, sub-

for); care(fulness), pains(_*

missive, servile, obedient; captive; miserable, distressed, in trouble

meticulousnesB
regard,

in)

heed,
in-

attention

(^

to);

(uin)

i-^JVl

LJI

(ilhiya) divine

jU- 'anwana to furnish with an address or


title, entitle,

providence;
care

<l

ob*

(Jibbiya)

medical

address (*

s.th.)

\_y*
title,

'unwn pl.
J or J

j jL* 'andwin* address


epitome
;

ma'nan pl. jU- ma'nin sense, meanimport concept, notion,


;

heading ;
|

model,
\j\jU-

sign
s.th.,

ing, signification,

token

in

token of

idea, thought; thematic purport (e.g.,

of
its

as a sign of s.th.

a work of
addressed
as)
(Jl

art, as distinguished

from

jJ

muanwan

to),

form) ; a rhetorical, figurative, or allegorical expression ;

inscribed ; entitled

(^

JU11 the good qualities (of


-.1

a person)

Jm

ism m. abstract noun


al-rn.

J# 'and i (ob* 'inya) to be on s.o.'s () mind; to disquiet, disoomfort, worry,


preoccupy
(

(gram.); JUlt i*

'um

rhetoric; jj
tell-

^a. signincant, meaningful, telling,


tale;
in

s.o.);

to concem, affect,

regard, intereat

( s.o.);

'aniya a (*Uc

3J&I J** J> bi-kui m. l-kalima the fll sense of the word J J*- V
;

; ;

661

Je

{ma'n) meaningless, without meaning;

with,

or b.o. with the task of


(._*

...);

to

Um
fll

Lj and the

like; 61*.

L^JS*

<i>\j

impose, enjoin

Jl

on

s.o.
...),

s.th.,

or

(nazart kuiluhd) telling glanoes, glanoes

on

s.o.

the Obligation to
(^* Jl s.o. to

obligate,
|

of meaning
relating to the sense

oommit
know;
keep,

do

s.th.)

o^I Li

jj^w ma'natot
or import
aa
(of

(a'hadv) to
.-Uj

my
X^t-

knowledge, aa far as I
(toa'dah)
III

a word or expression;
fa/#);

to

fulfill,

or

opposed

to Jkil

semantio,

one's

promise

to

make a

ignifioative, of or pertaining to

mean*

ing; ideal, ideational, ideative; abetraot;

mental; gpiritual
terial)
j

(as

opposed to ma(Safo)
artifioial,

oompaot, or covenant (J concerning); to promise (J * to s.o. s.th., also (_> s.th.); to engage,
oontraot,

with

s.o.

jju*

^Jr

undertake, bind
o.s.,

o.s.,
(

pledge
*

o.a.,

oommit
s.th.)

conventional, or juristio, person, a

body

obligate o.s.

to

s.o.

to do

eorporate aa a subjeot of rights and


duties

T
up
in

to advooate, support (* s.th.), stand


(* for s.th.);

to obserre, heed, keep

mind

(*

s.th.), s.th.),

pay attention,

<^^>a< ma'navAyt

ase,

ideal,

immaterial

attend (* to

take oare (* of s.th.);

thingfl ; morale, spirit (of

an army)

to oare ( for s.th.), maintain, keep up,

:UL* mu'dndA
jj*j

effort(a)

service (* s.th.);
trouble,
toil,

to be liable for the


(* of s.th.); to

ta' annin

paina,

maintenanoe or upkeep
assume, take upon
o.s.

drudgery
Li*l *Jnd* providing, solicitude, con-

(^ (^ J

s.th.);

to

engage, undertake, bind oj., pledge

o.a.,

oommit
do
promise
written

o.a.,

obligate o.s.
jl

to

s.o.

to

cem (^

for),

attendanee

(->

to),

mainoare
(<-

s.th.,

also

tenanoe, nnrging, oultivation


(lj of, for), oarefulness,

J to do

s.th.);

to

(^

of),

(ij

J to
to

s.o. s.th.)

to exaot a

painstaking

pledge

or

oommitment
s.o.

in); attention

(^
a

(v

to), interest

(^

in)

from
in

s.o.);

have

(^*)

sign

Le
trouble

'dnin

miserable,

distressed,

oontraot
i|
r

ahd

knowledge

aoquaintanoe,

J**

ma'niy ooneerned, affected;

in-

terested

(^

in)
(ayr.)

oontact (^ with); the well-known, familir natura (of s.o.); close observanoe,
striot

Jm
,>**

mu'annan

unmetrioal

poem

adherenoe

(to),

keeping, fulfillment

with end rhyme mu'tanin


heedful,

(of

a promise); delegation, assignment,


(Jl
<->

oommitting
ooneerned,
mindful,
solicitous,
(t_j

of s.th. to

s.o.),

vesting

J!

in s.o. of s.th.), commissioning,


s.o.

oareful,

thoughtful,

attentive
X4*

oharging, entrusting (^ Jl of
s.th.);

oommission;

with

(pl.

j_^* *ukd)

'ahida
m

a (ahd) to know
e.g.,

(*, s.o., s.th.;

oommitment, Obligation, liability; responaibility ;

s.th.,

a quality, a

trait,
(*, *

<->

of

pledge,

vow

promise

oatb

s.o.),

be aoquainted, familir

with);

oontraot, compact, oorenant, pact, treaty,

to obserre closely, heed (* s.th.)* adhere


(* to s.th.); to
.th.

agreement; time, epooh, era


bu'd al-'a. the fact that s.th.
is

J+Jl

Om

attend

(*

to), look after

long past,

();
(

to delegate, entrust,

assign,

that s.th. belongs to the remote past;


VfJI J+-JI

commit
in
s.o.

Jl to s.o., s.th.), vest (ij Jl

iio4*-

recent,
;

late,

new, young
_>

s.th.),

oommission, charge, auJl


s.o.

>~~ij do.

*->

J+Jl j.u- or

xp

j-U-

tborize,

empower, entrast (^

{h.

'ahdin) having adopted or acquired

0|P
*uAJa contraotual Obligation
responsihility;

(B.th.)
(B.th.), (g.th.),

recently; not long accustomed to

I-L^t

(Ial.

inexperienced at

(B.th.),

new

at
(*'-

Law);

charge.
|

custody,

newly, e.g. t

^^w

^ *ij^
**)!

guardianship; guaranty
care,

J.L4*

j
is

in his

*vrsin)

newly wed,

aVjJIj

^-d 4

*-

oustody, or charge, entruated to


<J** ('uAdofuAfi)

newbom; L jju known Europe

J^* lij-u- j& he

had not J^\ (;&

him; *J*

he

respon-

nntil reoently;

sible for it
Ju+fi

of an early date, long paat t long-standing; ,_> Aj*)l <r4* of long experienoe in,
long aoquainted with;
'oAdin),
->

'ahid ally, confederate


pl.

-I^m ma'Atui

-ut**

ma'dAtd* place,

-i#*

wjj

(?

a 4""

vdj

= V
;

locality (whioh one

had known before

** ^i**"

or which one revisite); public institute or Institution; (scientific) institute; Seminar


|

weaned, newly weaned

t-j

j ***

J- for

oljjT^II

-IaL*

m.

ai-dikrayt
.y-ti*-*' .A***

a ahort time (past), of lato; recent, late;


recently, lately, the other day; .Uu.i4fr.iu

places fraught with memories ;


(i?Z<ty{)

a long time ago;

uJ iV {'ahda) not to
s.th.,
...;

reformatory

know

s.th.;

not having experienced


*if

;.uL.

muhada
(pi-Jl)

pl.

-Ol

agreement,
treaty,

being unaoquainted with

u^
J*-l

arrangement,
pact
|

acoord ;
fV-JI

alliance,

Lil faAdund,
knowledge

fiuu'aZa)

our long-standing
lj^*

Ii*U* m. aa-salm

of this

question;

{ap-fuih) peace treaty; \js*i\ (** I^*U.

*J# to ezact a promiae from


s.o.; I.L4* aL to

s.o.,

pledge

m. 'oiam

al-i'tid'

nonaggression pact

conolude a treaty,

make

i+S ta'ahhvd

advocaoy, support; care;


tutelage

contraot;
4-ju
o.a.,

to

make a promise; ^U
o.a.,

oharge, oustody, guardianship,

Jp Ij^ commit
to vow,

to asaume an Obligation
obligate

(with foU. genit.: over); care, mainte-

pledge o.a.;

nance, servicing,

upkeep;
;

assumption,
promise,
Obli-

make a vow
'a.

(uj to

do

s.th.);

undertaking
pledge,

(-_>

of B.th.)

(pl. -t)

jUVI

J**-

oi-amn

(formerly:)

an

order bestowed by the

Bey of Tunis;
.u.U-1

oommitment, engagement, gation, liability, contraotual duty


jj^a*

wjLI UVl
the

04 (mra#aa*) a higher olaas


o^JI

ma'hd well-known; j4*U the


the
...

of the afore-mentioned order;

satd

...

in question
pl.
-fin

New

Testament;

0*41 o+JI

the Old
04*1*

mukCahhid

con tractor,
|

Testament; o^Jl Jj uwtty


apparent, orown prince;
In
his

ai-'a.

heir-

entrepreneur; ooncessionaire

Ji Xpz*

J^t-

J at or
s.o.'s

(/onni) impresario

time;

"i

o^p
;

during

lifetime ; in s.o.'s

epooh

If* his

familir
it

.uLs*

mato'dAtf:

1a*Udl

the

two

natura or manner, his nature as

had

contracting parties

ahrays been known; j^aT JU (jaa) he remained as he had always been, as everybody used to know him; *j ** a#*the nature or manner that they (knew) of him (or of
(were) used to;
*>

j^

'

ohara a

(*aAr,

ihr)

and

'aAiro

r (

ahar)

to

oommit
III

adultery, whore

(I4JI

with a

woman)

(U with a woman)

know

it),

that they are

j4* 'Ar adultery, fornicatton, whoredorn; prostution

fA^f ""^
<il

M ^^
cJj L
Jlj

used to know him;

tfJ+w

C-il
,_|*

jV

*ahr adulterer, whoremonger, for-

you are

still

the samel 04

to

nicator
jL#*

be unchanged, be as always; o^Jl *i JU ('a&du) to last, or have lasted, a long time

'ahra

adultery,

fornication,

whoredom;

prostitution

653

>f
flow back; to go back, be traceable, be attributable (Jl to); to revert, redound,

j*\* 'hir committing adultery, fornicating, whoring; (pl. jl^* 'uhhr) adulterer, fornioator,

whoremonger;

(pl.

j*Ijp 'awhir*) adulteress; whore, harlot,


proetitute

aecrue (J* to); to refer, relate (J* to); to be due, go baok (J! to); to fall to s.o. 's (Jl) lot or share, fall in s.o. 's
(Jl)

5^1* 'hira

pl. -dt, j*\y.

'awhir* adul-

baiwick;
(Jl

to belong,

(ap)pertain,

teress; whore, harlot, prostitute

be proper

or J

to);

to give up,
s.th.),

abandon,
J*l* 'hil
ruler,
pl. J*I_j*

relinquiah

(jp

with-

'awhit* sovereign, prince,

draw, resign
with
back,

(&

from);

jU

to

retum
or

monaroh

to lead back, bring back, take


reduoe,
revert
s.o.

j* 'ihn (colored) wool


s.th.

return,
(Jl to);
i_j

4-U jL* to bring about,

j*\j* 'awhin*

(pl.

of j*l* 'hin) limbs,

entail s.th. for s.o., result in s.th. for


s.o.,

extremities (of the body);

palm branches

yield,

bring

in,

return

s.th.

to

4^\jc J* p|| (jj) JII (aJqd, kalma) to talk without restraint, ramble

s.o.;

(with predioate adjeotive or

noun
turn

in

acc.)

to become, grow
foll.

(into),

^y. 'awija a

into; {with
('awaj) to

be crooked, ourved,

imperf. or Jl) to reeume,

twisted, tortuous, bent, bowed, stoopiiig;

renew (an
imperf.) to

activity); (with neg.

and

foll.

to bend, twist, ourve;

do

s.th.

^l* 'ja

u to
bend,

no more or no longer;

turn off the road (while traveling); to


stop (over), put

(with

foll.

finite

up

or anew; a patient),

(J* at, in) II to

crook, curve, twist (* s.th.)

V and IX

verb) to do s.th. again u (SjU 'iyda) to visit (. have under treatment ( s.o.;
|

of a
r_>= 'iwaj, 'awaj orookedness, twisted-

physician)

*-

Jl

jL

to regain

oonsciouaness,
sei

come

to;

to take eoun-

ness,

curvature,

bend(ing),

tortuoeity;

with

o.s.,

hold self-communion, ex-

unevenness; deviation (from that which


is

amine
soul;

o.s.

introapeotively, searoh one's


Jl

right)

VjLf

*UI

OjU

(majrih) the

rl* 'j ivory


,_^-l* 'ji

Bituation returned to normal;


*s>\

^Ij
all

Jl jl*

ivory (adj.)
f.

(ra'ai

amrihi) to Start s.th.

over

again; y-ijjl
_>*1

jU
to

a'waf,

.Uj*

(adrdjah) to retraoe

'auj'*, pl.

,y*

one's

steps;

turn

back,

*j

crooked,

curved,

go back;

bent,

twisted,

tortuous, sinuous; Btooping, bowed; wry;

odd, queer

4-i* J* jU ('aqbaihi), pl. ^UaI J* l_pU (a'qbihim) do. ; \j^ ^*>\ 4! J lamaud
astafi'u abran I could

^U^l

not Btand

it

any

i'wijj orookedness, twistedness,

longer;

*;

11 J iu

|1

(ya'vd, qatun)
it;

curvature,

bend(ing),

tortuoeity;

unis

he no longer had any power over


J-a-

evenness; deviation (from that which


right); crooked

a<j

there

is

no longer any he oontinued

ways
pl. -t

possibility for it; J^JL jl*

mu'awwaja
_j**

retort (ehem.)

mu'wajj crooked, ourved, bent,


tortuous,

a pause in hia speech) II to accustom, habituate, oondition, inure,


(after

twisted,

sinuous;

stooping,

bowed; wry; odd, queer


(*y.) sl*

season (J or * s.o. to s.th.), make h.o. () get used (J* or * to s.th.) III to

retum
'da u ('aud, isy- 'auda, jLw ma'd)
to return,

(*,

to

s.o.,

to s.th.); to revert,

come back, turn


(*

again, apply o.s.

anew

come back

(J or Jl to);

to

to s.th.), take

up

again, resume (*

; ;

654

a.th.);
s.o.)i

to

befall

again,
(

seize

ogain

robust phyaique, atrongly built, husky,


Bturdy; atubbom, resistant, unbending,
unyielding, relentleas;
jjiJI

come again

over

a.o.)

IV to

cause to return, bring back, take back (Jl *, b.o., s.th. to); to retum, give
back, send back
s.o.);
(Jl
*,

*>^~# paldbat

al-'d atemnesa, aeverity, hardneas, ob-

s.o.,

s.th.

to

stinacy,

stubbornnesa, inflexibility, re*jS\

to put back, lay back (* B.th.,


il

lentlessneu;
lithe,

ojA ladn al-'d lissome,

1*

Jl

mahaiiiki

in

its

place);

to

of

elastio

phyaique;

Oj*

JJ
j-*

repeat (J * s.th., i.e., words, to s.o.); to reiterate, repeat, do again or anew,

(taqqafa) to train, educate s.o.; *jj*

('dah) to test a.o., put

s.o.

to the teet;

renew, resume

(* s.th.); to re-estabh,

ojp

jS

('ttdoAa)to break s.o.'s

power of

restore, repair (* s.th.); to restore (* *


s.th.
to),

resistance, orush s.o.'s spirit

make

s.th.

(*)

once more (*
|

jj* 'aud return; reveraion; recurrence;

s.th.); to reinstate, reintall ( s.o.)

^U-l

recidivism {jur.); repetition, reiteration


\*X>j \ijf>

.b

(bin'a maajidin) to rebuild a

4U1 fa'alah 'audan wa-bad*an

mosque;

oljjTi

jUI

{iikraytin)

to or
Oj

oOj
Jl

revive, or reawaken, memories; aJ aUI

Jp ojp l*i ('avdah) bj* he did or started it

or
all

Iai

over

v bJl
tu_>j

{pib'a
J>*Jl

l-h.)

to reprint a book;

again

Vi

(yu'idu,
it,

yabdauh) he

keeps talking of

he continues to bring
Jid\ aUI (nojofo) to
reconaider,

oj*
again,

'awia

return

-b ^Jl

#j^a>

by

up the subject; j
re-examine,

return mail;

oj*

_r* Jl

never to retum

reinvestigate,
s.th.,

gone

forever;

good

riddance!

check, verify, revise

go over

s.th.
al*l

farewell forever!

or into s.th. again; ,jy-\

jkifl

jU 'da

pl.

-#, -iHj* 'atwJ'id* habit,

(da'wd) to retry the case (jur.)

to get
o.e.

wont, cuatom, usage, praotice; 'datan


usually,

uaed,
(

be

accustomed,

habituate
habit
(

cuatomarily,

ordinarily,

ha-

Jp or

* to a.th.),

make a

J or *

bitually; pl. JJlj* tazes, duties; ch arges,


fees, ratee
|

of

s.th.),

be used to doing, be wont to do


s.th.) VIII

(Je or *

oUl 3y
;

extraordinary, un-

V;

to recall, call

usual,

uncommon

special, extraordinary,

back

(*, b.o., s.th.);

to reclaim,

demand

emergency

(e.g-,

meeting)

I*U

Jp

back (^m m

B.th.

from); to regain, reoover,


fetch

according to his habit, as was his wont,


as he uaed to do; SaUll JjL-f ica-sdbiqi
l-'.

recuperate, reconquer,

back, get

back, retrieve (* s.th.); to recall, reoollect, call

as

was formerly

ouatomary,

as

back to one's mind (*


to repeat (* B.th.)
iljel

B.th.);

usual;

Uil O/*- (jarat -'datu) tobe

to ask
jj*

b.o. ()

cuatomary, usual,
'tddn
prevail,

'd

pl.

a'tod,

ulJ-ft

be

wood;

stick,

rod,

pole;

branch, twig,
aloes

be

the

vogue,

common or current, oommon phenomenon, have become common


j*-

switch; Btem, stalk;

cane, reed;
;

practice; -(l*
habit, that's

<^JD

that was their


to do; !iUl

(wood); lute (muBical intniment)


build,

body,
in-

what they used

phyaique;

atrength,

^-Jl
force,
(e.g.,

(irrlya)

onanism, masturbation

tonsity; pl. jIj*' fll intenBity

of

i!j*jU oJ \y, 'a, al-gumrulc

customs duties

diseaae)

t->\Jil\
f

j>j*

matohatick,
bot.);

OL.

aJlj*

a.

mo&tSnin house taxes; aJlj*

ihlL^l taxes

on

real estate

match;
*ij}\

*-,l-N >j*

peony (Paeonia;
al-kibrit

iy-

'd

matchetiok,

^U

*<kl

cuatomary, usual, common,

match;

ijJl SjU-j rakwat a*-'<i weakneas


j^JI

ordinary, normal, regulr; undistinguished,run-of-the-miJl;ordinary, regulr


(o.g.,

of character;

^-L*

(tuib

al-'d of

650

**
b'U-

meeting, as opposed to extroordinary,


special,

''id

retuming,

reverting,

re-

emergenoy); simple, piain, or(man);


old,

ourrent;

aooruing

(profit,

merit);

be-

dinary

anoient,

antique;

CjLjU- 'ddiyi antique, antiquitiea

longing, (ap)pertaining, proper (J or Jl to s.o., to a.th.); (pl. -n) retuming

jLc 'iyd repetition, reiteration,


ourrenoe

re-

emigrant, re-emigrant;
visitor
(to
|

(pl. jlj*

'vwwd)

a siok person);
^Ijj^/I

pl.

oU'U
benefit,

U
room

revenuea
'iyda
viait

oJU net proflt, net gain


Jj\je *tno*idt

(with

a patient),

dootor'B oall (on a patient);


olinio; offlce (of

(pl.

-dt)

SaJU 'd'ida
profit,

pl.

a physioian), oonsultation
|

advantage, gain (J* for


''idiya
(of),

s.o.)

(of a physioian)

VtjU
woman

^ ib&ri*
lutist

SjOjU

belonging

(to),

jlya) poliolinio; outpatient olinio


olj*- 'aunoda pl. -i
jt*4

being part
*ja*

membership
uaed, aooustomed, ha-

mu'awwad

ma'd return; place to which one

bituated, oonditioned, inured, eeasoned

returns; (place of) destination;


hereafter, the lifo to

come

jUIIj

jUI the IUI


all-

(J* to); wont (J# to do s.th.), being in the habit J of doing s.th.) (
u
;

(mabda') the crux (of a matter), the

important factor (of a.th.)


b^M ta'wid acouatoming, habituation,
oonditioning, inurement (J* to)

mu'id

pl.

-fii

repetitor,

tutor,

coach assiatant oonduoting


(univeraity)

drill sessions

^U.

mu'd:

./>"

jU.

(tafdinih)

UI

i'da giving back, handing back,

forwarded (mail)
ijfcu

aending back, retum(ing); reinstatement,


reinatallment; repetition, reiteration; re-

mvta'awwid uaed, aooustomed,

Bumption; re-eatabliahment, reatoration,


repair
|

habituated, conditioned, inured, seasoned

#LJl

oUI

reconatruction ; l*l
711

J^U-I rehabilitation; gl
tasallvh

UI

ai-

(J to); wont (J# to do s.th.), being in the habit J of doing s.th.) (


jIi*.

rearmament; L J* j^J! UI
_,liJi

mu'td

uaed,

aocuatomed, ha-

4J* cJS* reatoration of the statua quo

bituated, conditioned, inured, seasoned

ante;^_jdl Ulre-formation;

-Ul

(i.

an-nazar) re-examination, reinveati-

(J* to); wont (J* to do a.th.), being in the habit (J* of doing s.th.); uaual,

gation, reoonsideration, revision of a.th.;


iij**

customary, normal

jL*15'

aa usual;

^1

l*' (da'w) retrial of a caae

(;ur.); ^L^JI

Ui

I>t-I

^li**

habitual criminal

reorganization
(ijt) jl* 'drfo

('outf,

jjJ ta'awwud contraction of a habit,


habituation
iUftl
i'tiyd

iU

'iy,

iU. ma'dji)

to seek the protection (^* .j of a.o. from

contraction

of a habit,

or against), take refuge {,y from) | 4iL *jt.\ a'fa billah

with

s.o.

God forbid!

habituation
tf.iU*.l

God
ordinary,

save

me from

that! II to proteot

i'tiydi

common;
normal,

usual,

oustomary,

habitual;

from or against, by placing him under the wing of a.o. eise); to pro(j*
s.o.

regulr; piain, simple, ordinary (man)


jl*i-l

nounce a charm or incantation


h.o.);

over

to fortify

(.

s.o.)

with a charm,

isti'da

reconqueat,

recovery,

incantation or amulet IV
s.o.

II; to place

recuperation, regaining, reclamation, retrieral

() under God's protection, pray to God that he guard a.o. () against a.th.

*f
V

=
iy.

I;

X =

I; to protect o.s.,

make

o.s.

~j*

*fra

(eg.)

false,

artifioial (teeth,

proof

(<-

by meana of

hair)

*a%4 (aot of) taking fuge

jj*l a'wiH,

f.

bj*

'aurif*, pl.
(irui'y)

ijc *awa$ refuge, plaoe of refuge, retreat,

one-eyed
blind gut

j_^Vl

^1

jj 'r oaecum,

asylum, sanotnary

jj* 'da pl. ij* 'uwatf amulet, talis-

jUl

i'&ra lending

man

oharm,

spell,

incantation

,jjU1 i'ri: *ijl*l *~* (maktaba) lend-

iU
refuge

'ty (aot or instaxioe of) taking


|

ing libraiy, ciroulating library

4>l

iL* 'y# H** or


forbidl

^^

j jIm

ta'wur

alternation,

Variation,

('tyrfa)

God

God save

(proteot)

fluctuation
jUi^l isti'ra borrowing;

me

(us)

from that
iiutance of) taking

metaphor

iL.

ffln'j (aot or

i^jUi-l ittiri metaphorical, figurative


*ijl* 'riya or *riya pl. jl_* 'aw&rin
s.th.

refuge; refuge, place of refuge, retreat,

asylum,
A(i')

sanctuary
forbidl

il>*

ma'tfa

God

God

save (proteot)

borrowed, borrowing; loan

me

(us)

from that!
1

_n~ mu'ir lender


amulet,

jjj*5 ta'vA4 pl. jjUi' ta'witf

jU. mu'r
j"T
-

lent,

loaned

talisman; charm, spell, incantation


\)jt 'awira

mustair borrower

('atvar)

to lose an eye, be or
II

jlc. mustr borrowed; used metaphorioally


ficial

become one-eyed
eye,

to deprive of one
( s.o.);

or figuratively;
hair)
|

false,

arti-

make

blind in one eye


spoil
(*

to

(e.g.,

jUi_*

()
faoes;

damage, mar,
(m

B.th.);

to gauge

Pseudonym; IjUu-.
hypocrites
*ji*

*^*-j

masked

measures, weights), test the acouracy

(a of

measures, of weights) IV to lend,

loan (*

to a.o. B.th.) YI to altemate,


s.th.),

'drin see

&*

take turns (* in

do by turns, tako
j
p

*awiza a fauxu) to be or beoome poor,

alternately (* s.th.); to Beize, grip, befall,

needy, destitute;
need, require (*

jl* 'za

('ot) to

overcome
s.o.,

(alternately,
j_>=ftl

successively)

s.th.),

be in want or

a s.th.) VIII

i'tawara to befall,

need

(* of s.th.)

IV jj*l a'waza to be or
|

affect (alternately, successively) ( s.o.),

come

(alternately, successively) ( over

beoome poor, needy, destitute ^1 *jy>\ (Sai'u) he laoked the thing, he needed it,
he was in want of
j_4*
it

s.o.); to

shape, mold, form (*

s.th.,

said

of heterogeneous influences or fotors);


to stand in

the way of (*), hinder

(* s.th.)

'awaz lack, need, want, neoessity,

to borrow (j* * s.th. from)

eiigency; poverty, neediness, destitution,


indigenoe, penury
faultiness,
(pl.

*jj*

'auro

defectiveness,

deflciency,

imperfection;
genitale;

-t)

j jp

'awiz

poor,

needy,

destitute,

pudendum,
spot

weakness,

weak

necessitous, indigent

SjU 'za lack, need, want, neoessity,


exigency; poverty, poorness
j y\

jlj* 'awr, 'iwr fault, blemiah, defect,


flaw, imperfection
j\j* 'uvfwr

a'waz*

poor,

needy, destitute,

a variety of swallow

indigent, necessitous

667

>ifbe indemnified
with)
j-ij*'*u>o{f

jj*\
jlj*-l

a'dwiz*

(pl.)

poor

(^ je

for

s.th.

by or

i'wz lack, need, want, necesaity,

exigenoy; poverty, needineas, destitution,


indigence, penury

Substitute, compensation,

recompense,
in-

indemnity;
(Ial.

consideration,

yi* *d*u poor, needy, destitute,


digent, necessitous
jjut

return,
(prep.)

equivalent

Law)

'iwatfa

and

(ja)
for,

je Lij* ('iuxufan) as a
in

Bubstitute

replacement
for, in

of,

mu'wiz,

mu'wax

in

poor,

needy

exchange or return
for,

compensation

destitute, indigent, necessitous; {pl. -fln)

instead

pauper, poor

man
,j+lj*i

of, in

Heu of

tawi4 replacement, Substitution


indemnification,

-j* 'ausaj boxthom (Lycium europaeum


L.

compensation,

repara-

and Lycium arabicum Sohwf.;


'awifia

bot.)

tion (je for), reimbursement, restitution,

^y-

(^j*

'awa,

^U
I

settlement
'iyf) to

(je-

of);

(pl.

-dt)

be ompense,
setoff,

return,

difflcult, abstruse, recondite,

be

consideration, equivalent, Substitute; recdiificult

to comprehend VIII

compensation,

satiafaction,

amends, indemnity, damages, rep-

^jMijf- 'awi? diffloult, diffloult to

com-

aration; oompensation (psych.); pl. reparations (as war indemnity)


,s+ij** ta'wfi substitutional,

prehend, abstruse, recondite, obscure

^L^l

i'tiy&ti difflculty

oompen-

O-O*) >** **fa


s.o.

au4,

'\\ca4,

^U

iy4)
{

sational, oompensatory, reparative


i-Jjl*.

to give in exchange, pay as a prioe * s.th. j* or j* for); to replace

to

mu'vxufa

pl. -t

a oommutative
(lal.

(*,

contraot on the baais of "do ut des"

s.o., a.th. je-

or j with or by), Substitute

Law)
3~ilcJ
s.th.
isti'tfa

(* or u- *
s.th.
eise),

fr 8 -- for s.th, s.o. or

compensate, indemnify, re(

replacement

(o> je- of
(je-

quite,

recompense

j* or js.th.
;

by or

with), aubBtitution

s.o. for);

to replace (*
with)
;

to s.o.

^ a s.th. by or

of s.th. for); exchange


for)
r (

(^

je-

of B.th.

to

make up to s.o.

the like

(*) II

(J*) for a losa, or

I
|

^j

y (yu'awwafu)

irreplaoeable, irreparable III

I; IV =

(jj*)

jl* 'qa

auq) to hinder, prevent,


withhold,

detain,
(je

restrain,
b.o.

hold

back

to take or receive as Substitute (* s.th.), use as a Substitute (j* * s.th. for);


to seek compensation (o> in, by, j for),

from); to impede, hamper,

defer, delay, retard, put off (*,


s.th.) II

a.o.,

and IV

I;

to be hindered,

take as compensation (*_> s.th., j for), gain a setoff (j* against) VIII to take or
receive
(j* or

be prevented, be detained, be restrained, be withheld


(je-

from); to be impeded,
retarded,

as
je-

Substitute or
a
s.th. for)

compensation
to take as a

be delayed,
VIII

be

be deferred

X
(<_>

=I
'auq
hindering,
detaining,
re-

Bubstitute

(je-

o>

B.th.

for),

exchange
s.o., s.th. b.o.,

(^
for
(<->

je- s.th. for),

replace

j*

Jj*

with or by), Substitute (o> j for


e.th.
je-

straining, oheck(ing); impeding.stopping,

s.o.

or

s.th.
s.th. for),

eise),

exchange

delay(ing), retardation, deferment

s.th.

with

eise); to receive

ULI

i'ga

hindering,

detaining,

re-

compensation (j*

gain a setoff (ja

straining,

check(ing) ;

impeding,

stop-

against), be compensated, be recompensed,

ping, delay(ing), retardation, deferment

4?
jJU
fop
'd'iq

658

hindranoe,
pl.

obstacle,

im-

pediment;

(eg.\

jU

*uyyq) dandy,

crying;

Jjj* 'awtt lament, wailing, howling, (ey.) sponger, hanger-on, parasite

Jjm
''iqa pl. jl'j* 'atwJ'tg* hindrance,

mi'uxil pl.

JjU* ma'unP pickax,


(ey.)

jU
rier

pick,

mattook

hoe ; that which

obstacle, impediment, obtruction, bar-

serves for undermining or destruction,


(negative) element
|

*Ja* JjL- (haddma)

destructive elements; ,jjjjcftj aLS^\ JjU*


(Jj*)

JU

'dto

u fauJ) to deviate from the


to
oppreas,
(*

(m. al-ifsd) destructive and subversive

right
s.o.),

course ;

distress

elements

weigh heavily

upon

s.o.);

*^-* Jl*
to lose to

(fabruh)

and

patience;

for

> J^
u

fite)

UI
vision

i'la

sustenance, support,

Pro-

'la

{'aul, JL* 'tyla)


(

uupport, fiustain, have to feed


oep.

b.o.,

JJU

'' sustainer, breadwinner, family

members of the
s.o.'b
()

family),

have to
be
to

Provider
*L*U ''a pl. -t, ^\jt 'aw&'iP family,

provide

Bustenance,
(

responsable

for

s.o.'s

aupport ;

tmpply with sustenance

{ s.o.),

provide

household

(
II

for s.o.); to

have a numerous family

JJU

'd'tlt

family

(adj.),

domestic
resolved

to lament, wail, howl, cry; to yelp,

Jjm mu'awwtZ determined,


(Jp on);
reliance,

yip (dog); to rely, depend (Jp on); to resolve, decide (J* upon), intend, pur* pose, make up one'B mind (J* to do
a.th.)

mu'avneal object of trust;


j

dependence
(it)
is

Jjm

*Ac

^-J

(mu'awuwl) he

not
it)

reliable,

one

J^ J* Vj J-uw *i 1/ {yu'malu, yu'awwalu) null and void IV J^l awala JUI a'Ja to lament, wail, howl, cry;
|

cannot rely on him (on

J-u mu'il
ily

sustainer, breadwinner, fam-

to support, sustain, have to feed {


esp,

b.o.,

provider
jU

family members), have to provide

for s.o.'s () sustenance,


for
b.o.'b
()

be responsible

Uy-)
II

'dma u faum) to swim; to

float

to launch, float, set afloat {* a ship):


)

support; to supply with


(ey

to flood (> s.th.)

sustenance
to have a

( s.o.),

provide

(*

for b.o.);

numerous family
lament,
wailing,

ty.

'aum awimming, natation


pl.

Jj*
crying ;

'aul

howling,

aU 'am

f J_>*1

a'um year

support,

sustenance

of

the

ii.U *<2ma' din in that year

family; helper

1^ 'ouwflm good swimmer


Jj 'iwal reliance, dependence; trust;
confidence
'*J\y.

u*j~

*\jt>

(au4) floating dock

'awwma

pl.

-t

buoy;
line, of

raft;

J-fr

'ayyil family (depending on one's

pontoon; float (of a bait


lamp,
etc.)

an

oil

Bupport),
ohild; pl.

household;

(ey.)

baby,

little
j

JL*

'iyl,

^l* 'la dependents

J* JL* and J* <JU at the expense of

(for sg.
. . .

and pl)

living

f\* ''im

Bwimming,

floating,

natant

entirely dependent
(s.o.)

on

...;

being a brden on

O f U j-+- (jisr) floating bridge, pontoon bridge; O ***l* **'- floating crane
'i.U

'la rooflike shelter

from the rain

'mma

ond

fij*

'auwnm 1

see

'^

see ayyil

669

Ojt. III

to help (j

. s.o.
(

in or with;

Je

s.o.

JjUj

ta'umni

cooperative

(adj.)

to

s.th.), aid, aasist


. s.o.

s.o. in

or with),

VjI"

Support (j
help,

in)

IV

***: (jam'iya) cooperative Society,

III; to fr,,

cooperative;

LyLi

(hai'a)

cooper.

liberate, rid,
assjst,

reheve (j.
or

. s.o.

of)

VI to

ative corporation, cooperative

Support one another;


JjU;

to oooperate

to ask, or call fbr, s.o.'s

ta'&wuniya
spirit,

cooperative

spirit,

(v or ) help (Je against), tum to s.o. (v or .) for help (Je against), seek help (u or jit from s.o. in s.th., Je
against),
*,

oommunity
SilaL-.!

Cooperation
(aot

M'na
help
( (

or

instance
in),

of)
re-

seeking
sorting

with,

from,

resort,

have recourse

(*_,

or or

to

s.o.,

to s.th.) ; to
in or for)

make

use

(*_,

uee

v to); v of s.th.)

making

use, utilization,

a of s.th.,

Je

jL. mu'win helper, supporter, standby; aide; assistant; adjutant, aide-de-

Oje *oun help, aid, assistance, suooor,


relief,

support,

baoking;

(pl.

Ol^el

camp
cinet

police offleer heading

city pre-

o'ton) helper, aide, assistant; servant;

(>.)

bodyguard; minor
usher (Tun.)
i>e
|

offloial

(Tun.); oourt

<Jjl-

mu'iwitya police Station


pl.

(ir.)

jlUI

dljel firemen

?* mu'fn
'auna forced labor, oonsoript labor,
oorvee
(je) le

-fln

helper, supporter,

Btand-by; aide; assistant


'Ao
pl.

l* na pubic region, pubes


\jt-

-t disease,

malady,

in-

firmity, frailty, decrepitude; bodily defect; physical

'awn middle-aged; intermediate,


|

disablement; blight, blast,


like

intermediary (J between)
{harb)

\jt.

v._^-

mildew, and the


ja.

an intermittent, endleas war


see Je
pl.

oLjj
l_j*.

ma'h blighted, blasted, affected by mildew, and the like


j5.

mi'wn

^jL. ma'win* one

ma'yih blighted, blasted, affected


like

who helps

frequently, a reliable stand-by

by mildew, and the


AS'<""
>

helper; resouroe, resort, help; aid


j>**

(''je

'uw') to howl (dog. wolf,

ma'na

help,

aid,

assistanoe,
|

jackal); to squeak, whine, yelp III to

sucoor, relief, Support, backing

liyli Oj .u

howl howl

(.

at

s.o.)

to

make

(.

s.o.)

madda yada
(Jto)
ijjl*.

l-m.

to extend one's help

Ije 'uuxS'

howling, howls
(asiron.)

mu'wana
relief,

help, aid, assistanoe,


1

Ije

'awwS Bootes

sucoor,

support, backing

5-jl

j JjU*

ijL. mu'wiya
howls at the dogs

(iitlya) self-help
iilel

bitch (in heat) that

i'na help, aid, assistanoe, sucoor,

relief,

(pl. -t) Subvention; subsidy, oontribution, allowance,

support, baoking ;

<U*) j

'"W,

tf-

'ayiya, imperf.

ju ya'ay

aid (in

money)
|

J. ^". yc'yH (j 'iyy) not to find the right way or the right method; to be

inoapable (je or

jU; ta'dwtm Cooperation


iirkat at-t.

OjUill T^i

or power (je or express


o.s.,

v v

of),

lack the strength

for); to

be unable to
falter,

cooperative sooiety, cooper-

stammer,

stutter,
fall

ative

peak haltingly; to be or

Ul

._/+

Lu

660

(W-omrU) he

t hia wit'a end,

in

to

blame,
(Je

oenaure,

denounoe,
for)
II

deory,

uttor deepair, deapairs of hinuelf IT to

reprore

s.o.

to

render

be or beoome
feeble,

tired,

weary, fatigued,
to
tire,

faulty or defeotive (< B.th.); to spoil, mar,


disfigure

feint,

weak;
(

weary,
render
(

( s.th.); to find

fault

(*,

fatigue,

exhaust

s.o.);

to

with
(, .

s.o.,

with
to

s.th.),
s.th.),

take exception
accuse
(> s.o.)

inoapable,
s.o.);

inoapaoitate,
all efforta (.

disable

to

s.o.,

of

to thwart

of a.o.); to
fall,

fault

or

vice;

to

blame,

censure,

defy

(. 8.0., a.o.'a efforta);

to to

break
(

denounce,

decry,

reprove,

reprimand,

down,

malfunetion,
skttl)
|

not

work

reproach, chide

( s.o.)

deBpite a.o.'a

.UVI .Ul Ul
all

(oVTu,

u-5* 'aib pl. V-te* 'tf^ fault, defect,

afibbSa) the diaeaae defied


akill,

medioal

blemiah, flaw, ahortcoming, imperfection;


vice,
failing,
|

defeated the phyaioian, thwarted


of the dootors; U-l -I (hUa)

weakneas, foible; shame,

all efforta

disgraoe
defect;

^^-r
t[

v=*

(7>

m")

physioal

he didn't know what to do, he waa at the limit of hia reeourcea, he knew no

{eg.)

J~ v=* shame on you!


I

you ought to be aahamed


_ 'aiba
leather

way

waa at the end of hia he waa at hia wit'a end


out, he
-

tother,
pl. -St, <_- 'iyab,

v's 'iytb
fault,

bag,

leather

suitcaae;

'iyy

stammer,

faltering,

incapa-

defect, blemiah, blot, disgraoe


,_il.

bility of expreasing o.a.; fatigue, weari-

ma'Sb

pl.

i_-A~ ma'aytt* fault,

ne, exhaustion

defect, blemiah, flaw, shortcoming, im1

x 'ayy pl. L*t a'y incapable, unable, impotent, powerleaa, weak, eapleea, feeble,
exhauated; incapable of expreasing
o.a.

perfection; vioe, failing, weakneBS, foible,


blot,

shame, diagrace
pl.
' , vi " ma a !'*
1

iL. ma'iba

fault '

Ls 'ayf inoapability, inability; weakneas, feebleneaa, faintness, fatigue; (in-

defect, blemish, flaw, shortcoming, im-

perfection; vioe, failing, weakneas, foible,


blot,

onrable, grave) diaeaae (alao

.U

.b)
tired,

shame, disgraoe

jL* 'ayy&n incapable, unable;


weary, fatigned;
(eg.) aiok,
ill

_- ma'fb defeotive, deficient, faulty,


blemiahed, unaound; ahameful, diagraoeful

L*l i'y* wearineas, fatigue;

exhaualack

tion,

weakneaa,

aapleasneas,

of

u*^M
faulty,

ma'yb

defective,

deficient,

blemiahed, unaound;

shameful,

strength; impotence, helpleaaneas, powerlesBneas

disgraoe ful
,

mu'ayyib censurer,

faultfinder,

j mu'ym

tired,

weary,

fatigued,
critio

exhauated, debilitated, feeble, faint


(i_) il 'ija
(,__)
i i'aif)

to create disaster, cause

vi

'

sl >a

('"*) * be de feotiTe faulty,


'

havoo, rage,

ravage

(j

in,

among)

blemiahed, defioient; to be

fll

of fault,

liLi il

(/as&fem) do.; JL

iL

defeote or deflcienciea; to render faulty

to Bauender, or dissipate, one's fortune


II to

or defeotive,
a.th.);
a.th.),

mar,

diafigure,
(>,
>

apoil
s.o.,

fumble, grope about in the dark

to find fault

with

with
to
-Lt.

take exception
aoouse
(. a.o.)

(,

to

s.o.,

II to oelebrate, or obaerve, felioitate

a feast; to

a.th.),

of a fault or vice;
(,

(Je

s.o.)

on the oocaaion of a

to diahonor, diagrace

s.o.,

B.th.);

feast,

wiah (Je

s.o.)

a merry

feast III to

661

feoitate (J* s.o.)


feast,

on the occasion of a
a merry feast

jU

'iydr

pl.

-dt

Standard measure,
(of

wish ( J

s.o.)

Btandard,
weighta);
articles),

gauge
fineneaa

measures

and
silver

x*

"td pl. aLl


|

a'ydd fs&at, feast day,

(of gold

and

holiday J-^JI x* 'fd ar-nuul Day of St. Peter and Paul (Chr.) j^JI x* Ascension Day (Chr.); j^Jl xJI the
festival,
;

Btandard (of gold and silver


(rifle)

ooins); o&liber; (pl. -<U, lj*\ a'yira)

shot (also tfj

jU
pl.

''.

ndri)

Minor Feast

^Liil

x*

(q.v.);

u^Vi X*

jU

'ayydr

-n loafer, sooundrel,
vagrant;
(pl. -dt)

'W

al-adhd the Feast of Immolation, or

bum; vagabond,
(machine)

erane

Greater Bairam, on the lOth of Zu'lhijja; jL\ x* *id al-fr the Feast of Breaking
the

Ramadan
Ist of

Fast, or Lesser Bairam,

jL*. mi'yr measuring, mensuration, gauging, measurement, measure;

on the

Shawwal;

j*}\ x-JI the

(pl.

Major Feast

= ^Vl

x*

the Feaat of

Immolation, or Greater Bairam; i.Ll x* Easter (Chr.); i^S}\ x* 'W aJ-iwu


(Sg.)

juU. ma'dyir*) Standard measure, Standard, gauge (of measures and weights);
Standard; norm
living Standard;
]

,J^i\

jL*. m. al-'aiS

.--JJl

the Festival of the Kiswa, celethe

jL*. m. ad-ddhab

brated in

month of Shawwal on

gold Standard

the occasion of the ceremonial transport of the Kiswa (q.v,) from Cairo to Mecoa;
ji-jxill JS*

j\~

ma'yir*

(pl.)

faulte,

vices,

in-

famies, abominations

x*

(qiddtrtn) All Sainte*

Day

lyU* mu'dyara: JJ&lj ^jl^l


verification

ij-U,

(Chr.); j^Lil
(Chr.)

x*

'id al-mildd

Christmas

of

weights

and

measures

of capacity
'idiya gift, present given

(by the bureau of Stand-

x*
ent
XiLa

on the

ards)

occasion of a feast;

New

Year's pres-

j*
^-i*!

'ira see

jy.
f.

mu'dyada cocelebration, exchange


(pl.

a'yant,

L*

'aisd'*, pl.

'ig

of

of felicitations;
call

-dt)

congratulatory

dirty

white
^j***

color,

yellowish

white

on feast days
i ('air)

(camel);

*U cameis of good stock,

breeding cameis
]
(

s*) j\* 'ra

to wander, stray, roam,

rove

II

to

reproach,

upbraid,

blame,
.

0:^-** 'aisaidn hyacinth

(60*.)

rebuke,

oondemn (J* or
III

y
(*

or *

s.o.

^-i* 'lad Jesus

for); to abuse, insult, revile ( s.o.), rail


(

at

s.o.)

to gauge

measures,
(cri*)

j jac
i^l*

'Isatvi

Christian
* ('auf,

weighta), test the accuracy (* of measures,

,<Wo

<i*

'Ha,

of

weighta)

VI

Jj+*
live,

to

revile

each

ma'ti,

~*x**

ma'iSa,

^U,

ma'i) to

other

be alive
r

ilUI

^U and dIW
enjoy
life II

J*J
life,

li-ya'ii

jU

pl.

jL*l a'ydr shame, disgrace,


(

il-maUk long live the king!


(haytah)
to
one'a

<JL-

dishonor, ignominy
j^f-

for)

'air pl.
'ir

jL* a'yr wild


l

much of one's
ass,

onager
or let
live
(

to keep alive,

^iU make make

s.o.);

to feed,
(

support,

j-f
j^cil

pl.

otj-* 'iyart caravan


|

sustain
live

( s.o.), (

provide

for s.o.) III to

Vj

jr%*JI

j V
in

neither here nor

together

with

s.o.)

IV

II;

there; in

no way,

no manner; un-

eke out a living, just

manage

to

V to make

important, of no consequence

both ends meet; to

eam

one's bread,

; ;

make a

living (o> with); to live, aubsiat

averaion (* to
s.th.)

s.th.),

feel diagust (* at

(j* on, by) VI to live togother VIII do.

^
(eg.) 'IS
4-Iac

'aii life,
life;

way

of living,

way

(or

Ju

*aif

disgust,

loathing,

horror,

mode) of
mustat

livelihood,

flubeiflteiice,
|

averaion

living; (chiefly eg.)


l-'ati living

bread

J^\ jji
*->\ji-

JiLp 'ayyf augur prognostioating by


the flight of birds
<jj-* *&yf proud, disdainful

Standard;

,/**

gurb miuhrooms

'Ua sort of

life,

way

(or

mode)

oU-* 'ayafn disgust, loathing, horror,


aversion

of living,

way of

life, life

jXa. *ayy&

(eg.)

bread

aeller

j^-t 'ayyq Capeila (attron.); foppish, dan*


life,

^l*. ma'i
living ;

manner

(or style) of
living
-dt)

dyish; dandy, fop

livelihood,

subaistenoe,

means of subsistence; inoome; (pl. benefita pension retirement pay


, ;

(J=*)

J *
1

*k

(*^ ao
II

'

to be or beoome

or
|

poor,

be reduced to poverty, beoome

allowances from a public -welfare fund

impoverished

and IV

J-*l

a'yala to

^Uil

ji pensioner;

oUUll
Jl

^IjjI pen(uhila)

have a numeroos family


Js* 'ayyil,
'd'iZa see

gionera;

^Ul (
off,

J--1

to

JU

'iyl,

*JU 'dia

and

*ttl

be pensioned

be retired, be auper-

Jj*
poor, needy, indigent, desti-

annuated
^
.

JJU
pl. ^ijL*.

'*J

Vn- ma'xSa

ma'yiP
life;

life,

way

tute (also aee Jj)

of living,

way

(or

mode) of

form of

life; livelihood,

subsitence, living; houseor-ri/ niral life, life


i-c

Jjm

mu'ti, mu'ayyaZ father of a family;

provider for a large family


'ailam see ]*

hold

JuJ\ *. m.

in the country

L^ fJ f
way
of

ma'iM of or pertaining to the


living
|

V1^

,>* II to individualize, particnlarize, specify,


itemize,
fix,

*JLA"'

living

deaignate,

mark

(*

s.th.)

to

Standard
<jL* mu'yaia ooezietence (pol.)
-JUI

determine, appoint, aasign, apbedule,

lay

down,

aet

down, preacribe,
;

define,

stipulate (* B.th.)
i'ta

to nomlnate, appoint,

austenance,

nouriahment,
aasign
(

or

s.o.

as or to an
et
aside,

offlce),

food

U^I

lLu food ration card

deaignate,

destine,

earmark,

^UJ

ta'yui ooexiBtence (pol.)


well off, well-

Single out (* * B.th. for); to allot, ap-

,jjU- *'f living, alive;

portion, aasign (J

* s.th.

to

s.o.),

al-

locate, appropriate (J * funds to s.o.);

to-do, prosperoua

i-c- II

to yell, scream, cry out; to shout, oall


for),

(J*

call

out (J* to

s.o.), hail

(J*

to fix one*s eyea (J* on), be bent (J* on), be out <J for) | L- J* (aababan) to give a reason III to view, eye, aee

s.o.); to

weep, cry

with one'a
(*,

own
s.th.),

eyea, examine, inspect

jL* "iyf yelling, screaming, shouting

s.o.,

survey

(*

s.th.)

to

clamor
(_X*)

aee (*,
aaide,

s.o., a.th.);

to be deatined, set to

earmarked;

be

appointed,

JU

*fa

(aif,

JL*

'iyf,

LV

aaaigned, nominated; to be speoifically

'aya(n)

to loathe

(*

s.th.),

have an

impoaed (J* on

s.o.),

be incumbent (J*

" ; ; ;

upon
s.o. 's

s.o.),

be obligatory (Je for

s.o.),

be

ing in goods of material value, in produoe

(Jp)

duty
f.,

or commodities, in kind

jse-

'am

pl. j-*

'uyn, j**l a'yvn

*J~* 'ainiya identity;


pieee, ocular (opt.)

(pl. -t)

eye-

eye; evil eye; spring, source, fountain-

head (of water)


hole ;
s.th.);

scout,

reoonnoiterer

mesh

flower,
jtftl

choioe,

prime

J*
i-*

'ayyin easily crying, tearful, ory-

(of

babyish
'ayyina
pl.
-t

(pl.

a'yn) an eminent,
pl.:

important man, used esp. in

people

sample,

speoi-

of distinotion, important people, leading


Personalities, leaders, notables,

men
J-* ayyini serving as a sample

prominent
individ-

persona; substance, essence;


uality;

se.lf,

chattel,

object

of material

oLj^ 'uwaint
pince-nez

eyeglassee, spectacles;

value, (corporeal or personal) property,

personalty, capital aaset


;

(ltl.

Law);
letter

f
j

j>** ma'in spring, source (of water)

ready money, cash name of the


i*-Jl
,^-f-

'a.

as-samaka

com

(on the toes)

J^

ta'yin

speoification,

particular-

,> 'a.

Samt Heliopolis;

^1

jl^-

ization, itemization, designation; fixation,

sawd
*ij*

al-'a. eyeball;

J&

-Uli eyewitness;

determination,

appointment,

aasign-

j&

(iA-)

L.

(farfata, lakzata)

not

ment, scheduling; nomination, appoint-

one moment;

<>*H *-'
Lft^/l

ism
(J

al- a.

concreto

ment; stipulation; allotment, apportionment,


assignment,
(pl. -t)
t.

noun
Senate

(gram.);
(Ir.);

Jje-

majlis al-a.

allocation,
|

appro*-r^

j&

^y
*^~t-

fard 'o. individual

phation;

ration, food

,>-aj

duty

(Isl.

Lau));

At bi-ummi 'ainihi

murqib

military

rank,

approx.

with one's
ra'sihi do.
;

own

eyes; *-Ij J-aj bi-'ainai


in person, per-

quartermaster staff Sergeant (Eg. 1939);


^-aj

<!-> bi-' ainihi

J^#

aol

t.

do. (Eg.)

sonally; exactly the same, the very

same

ijl**

mu'yana view(ing), examination,

thing; -C-w y> none other than he, precisely this one; *^>

survey(ing); inspeotion; surveillance, supervision, control; Observation

than he

c~*j

(J

j* y*

it's

none other
is

y> (Sakpun) he

a real

person, a

man who
<>JI

actually exists;
for

U. Hydn (eye)witnessing, Beeing (with

v^
same

one's

own

eyes), view(ing);
j

clear, evi-

*^*

li-8-sababi

'ainihi

the

dent, piain, manifest

LJI -uU eyewitto light,

reason;

^J^j

J* very gladly! with


see,

pleaaure!

^1
out,
-Uj

ness; LJJ

l-

to

come

oome

in

J\j jTj ra'd ra'ya l-'ain

sight, be before one's eye

to

find

or
\j\

with one

own
ijU* 'iyni:

eyes;

J&

oUI

(a'dak ataran) to

JU*

-Uli eyewitness

ruin s.th. completely; *l*

CainaA)
J_>'

Jum mu'ayyan

fixed,

determined, des-

to satisfy b.o.; to please s.o.; J-* ,y


I

ignated, assigned, scheduled, presoribed,


stipulated; nominated, appointed;

]ost

all

respect for him;

J-j-j

Ji

JJ

rhom(of

jLi-^/i to look at s.o.

eontemptuously

bus;

(pl.

-t)

fixed
e.g.,

sum

or

jJI

J*

>J'

oJj (uw^a'al) fighting broke

money),
rent
|

rate,
*-_t

*\S\

out;

jjJl1\

j^ 'uyn

ai-ii'r

gems of

>

amount

rental,
4_yi

^A\

ibh

ahm. or ,>a1U

poetry, choiceat works of poetry


(_^-*

rhomboid

'aini ocular, eye- (in

Compounds);
consist-

^U*

mu'yin

spectator,

onlooker.

real; corporeal, material

(jur.),

t_jlfr

664

jLU
jU
jU

gb&ni cashmere, a soft twilled fabric

Iji gubra dust oolor


ijsi

gr see dz
<.LJl
pl.

j>
-i

gabara dust
(pl.

jL> gubr dust;


gas; petroleum,
oil

*j*\ agbira) dust

(magr.)

oljUI (Smma) the poison gases


gzi gaseous, gaslike
|

cloud

<-U

jU

(gubra) clear, piain,

distinct; unobjeotionable, inoontestable


<jj){

*jjU *L*

blameless, irreproachable, faultless, im-

carbonated water, mineral water


jjjU
]

pecoable (morally); jLi ji

U m

Saqqa

(It.

pawa) gxza soda water


padlook

gubdrah he never quite attained his


(another's) eminence, he did not

measure

JU

flJ pl. -<H

JUI

ol-jdl

Gaul (oountry)
Gallic; (pl. -n)

up to him ; jL* Jij V l yuSaqqu, gub&ruh or jLc- J JiJ V (yuAi^yu) he is unsurpassable, he


is

unequaled; unsurpassable, un-

JU tU
,
t

getil

a Gaul

equaled, unrivaled, peerless, incomparable;

pclna 1 , liU

Ghana

jLi

j^.

(jar)

to follow

s.o.

loyally

r*

to attack every other day (J*,

s.o.,

of fever)
<_*

1 s*\ a$bar*, f. \jf gabra* , pl. j* gubr dust-colored; duat-oovered, dusty; jff^

t6 end, outcome, upahot, issue,

the earth, the ground;


j\j*\
yj/birr

IjuJl

the Earth

effeot, result,

oonsequence; gibba (prep.)


zdrah {jibban to risit
b.o.

grudge, rancor, resent-

after

Li

jlj

at intervals ;
fever

_jdl

^- humm

l-g.

tertian

ment (J* toward)


j

U $Obir pl. j ]j* gawbir* bygone, past,


w |

t^i gabab

pl. <-r>^'

o^M6 dewlap

(of

elapsed; the past

Sj-Ull

uLjVt or

-JI

bovines), wattle

j UJl old times, ancient times


end,

Jm

magabba

pl.

-dt

outcome,

j* gabai pl. jSLil abdJ darkness, dark,

upahot, issue, effect, reault, oonsequence

duskineas; the twilight before sunrise,


last

shadowB of the night


dark (night); opaque, not

i^i gabba u (=
down,
IJ.

._* 'abba u) to gulp down,

pour
Jui. gabii

toss

down, drink avidly

(* B.th.)

transparent

gubba swallow, gulp, draught

iL* gvbia

twilight (of
f.
;

dawn)
$ofc*T',
pl.

s* gabara u

(jjJ- gubr) to

go by,

elapae,

^1
U
gabafa
make

afbaP,

Li**

pass; to be past, elapsed, bygone II to


so, or oover, with dust (*, to raise dust
|

yuWdark (night) opaque, not transparent


gabia

* s.o.,

s.th.);

k^tj

j jf
s.o.,

(wajhiht) to

weakness of the eyes,

surpass, outstrip, outdo

be superior

asthenopia
t

to

s.o.

IV

II;

to be dust-covered, be

{gabt) to

envy ( J

s.o.

s.th. or
II

or become duaty IX to be dust-colored


jd.

for s.th.); pass. g*bifa to be


( s.o.)

happy

to

gabir

recrudesoent,

reopening

envioos; to

deem

( s.o.)

(wound)

fortunate, call (. s.o.)

happy

Vm

to be

glad,

be delighted,
(<_>

rejoice,

exult,
(<_>

be
by);

uji

ffaAiy

pl.

L-l

agbiya

unwise,
stupid;

jubilant
to be

at, about),
(<_>

be elated

unjudicious,
dolt,

ignorant,

foolish,

happy

about); to be pleaaed,

numbskull, ignoramus
gab* ignorance, foolishness, stu-

be satisfied
iL-*-

{<_>

with)

L*

gibfa Btate of happiness, happiness,

pidity
jLi-

ezultation,

delight,

rapture,

bliss,

fe-

gabwa

ignorance,

foolishness,

lioity; beatitude; title

of the Patriarch

Btupidity
*j-e-

{Copt.-Chr.)

*LjJI

^.1+ do.; 5L^ J* S* gabwa


riddle, puzzle

(mahaa
JUil

g.)

to be in an enviable poaition
joy,
delight,
rejoioing,

iQtibf

(jjpl

agb stupider, more foolish, more

exultation,

triumph,

jubation;

hapZJ-

simple -minded
gatta

pineas, oontentedness, satisfaction, gratification, pleaaure

(galt)

to press, choke, throttle plunge,


|

s.o.); to dip,

immer

(j

a,

J^Ju magbf in an enviable poaition,

s.o.,

s.th.

in)

^l*^ill ci. (^aAtfai) to


lip

happy, luoky, fortunate; blessed, beatified,

suppress one'a laughter, bite one's


U. gatta
i

canonized {Chr.)

a (ol
lean,

gatta, *5ji* gu\ta) to be

U,-;. mtttabip glad,


(<_>

happy, delighted
(<_>

or

become

meager;

^&a

* (ffatf,

at), pleased, eatisfied


(*-*

with), gratiii-ii* ffa|/)

to fester, suppurate, discharge

fied
l

by)
i

pus (wound)
(gabn) to cheat, dupe, gull,

j* gabana
(j

ii-*i*

patt lean, thin,

scrawny; meager,

defraud, overreach (J

s.o. in),

impoae

scanty, poor, wretched


pajij

upon

b.o. in)

lean,

thin,

scrawny; pus,

,>*

gabn, gubn pl.

j~i-

gubn fraud,

matter
'lli-

deceit, imposture, s windle; defraudation,

gatta leanness, thinness, scraw-

cheating, duping; damage, wrong, prej-

niness

udice
|

^i-U

t>* criminal fraud

(Ist.

Law)

Cjf gaban stupidity

J a(
|

to confuse, muddle, jumble, garble

(m s.th.);

4_xi

cM- gatatnafsuh(gaiy,

^Ltf tagbun

mutual cheating
the

*jj>

uUi
feel

^ Udl yaum aM.


j^Ju
cheated,

gatayn) and
like

Day

*u c^
feel

(afya*) to

of Besurrection

vomiting,

siok,

be

iri-

magbn
guiled,
|

deceived,

defrauded,
prejudioed,

dis posed

duped;
Uj.il
I

wronged, injured
(bi-fiafqati l-m.)

U*^

-j or jU

J* gaiy nausea, qualmishness, sickness


Indisposition

to return empty-handed;

to lose the
jLi- gabnt

game

Lj&

gatayn

nausea,

qualmishness.

sioknees; Indisposition

and

JLU

gbni cashmere, a
l-

pujd*

scum
abusive language,

soft twilled fabrio


jjt
II (qy.) to scold, use

(j-p

and

(jjp)

fiabiya

a (SjL* gabwa) not to


*
s.th.),

ourse, swear

oomprehend (je or
to be

have no
>Sj* frjari
j>unJ fti0;{r pl.

knowledge, be ignorant (jeor * of s.th.);

j*

gajar gipay

unknown, unfamiliar (J* to VI to be unaware (j* of s.th.)

s.o.)

scolding, cursing, abusive

language

o-i*

XII igdaudana to grow long and luxuriantly (hair)

iJj.

gadad oattle epidemic


ja*
!-i*

gudda

pl.

>& gvdad

gadan

languor,

lassitude,

flac-

gland

I-uJl

cidity, limpness
Ja*

i-ijOJl

{rfaro^fya)

thyroid gland;

>lr* **

(^arnffl*)

endocrine (or ductlesa) gland;


I-JI

gudna
limpness

languor,

lassitude,

flao-

*tsjL*J\
iijl
ip-i*
j-i*

(fanaubartya) pineal gland;

cidity,

*.uJ!

(nakfiya) parotid gland

jlo* gidn clothes peg JjjOi.

gudadi glandulr
i

mugdandin luxuriant, flowing,

gadara

(gadr) to aot treacherously,

long (hair)
(jO*) io* a<2

perfidioualy (J or

or

toward

s.o.).

(ywdu, gadw,

j-Xi

gadwa)

doubleoross,

deceive,

betray,

delude

to go (away), leave, come, do, or be,


early in the morning; to run; to
(* s.th.),

(^> or s.o.) III to

leave

(*, s.o., s.th.;

become

J[

* a place for), depart (J[ *

from a

grow, turn (*
|

into),

come to be

place to)
j-i*

{* s.th.)

t^jj

\-ti-

(wa-rha) to go back
fro; to
(l-i*

ffadr

perfidy,

breach

of

faith,

and
go
;

forth,

walk to and
gadiya a

come and
gadan)
to to

betrayal, treason, treachery


jj*. gadir pl.
_>-i*

ij-i*

breakfaat,

have
{

breakfast

II

give

gudur,

jlj-i*

gudrn
breakfast

to s.o.); to give lunch

(
(

to to

pond,

pool,

puddle;

stream,

brook,
s.o.) III s.o.)
|

to go early in the morning


LfolJuj
l|*-jl_r

creek, river
j'Oi

yurwihuh wa-

gadira

pl.

_r*l-i*

gad'ir* queue,

yugdih

he

calls

on her time and

pigtail, braid, plait, tress (of hair)


jl-i*

again or constantly

to breakfast, have

gKu&Jdr perfidious, disloyal, treach-

breakfast ; to lunch, have lunch


.1*
l-i*

erous, traitorous; false, faithless, deceitful


jl-i*

gad the morrow, the following day;

gadan tomorrow; on a future day,


in the future
|

gadddra
af-falg)

pl. -t pistol

*jr- j'-1*

sometime

-i*

j, 0* j* on
-uJl

jiUl

(*.

sub machine gun,

Tommy

the following day, tomorrow ;

do.

gun

on a future day, sometime


-i*

in the future;
C.IS

j^U

-bo

ddtr perfidious, disloyal, treach-

day

after

tomorrow; 0*

see

erouB; false, faithless, deoeitful


Ij* -i*

gada' pl.

4^-1*1

agdiya breakfast;

w/a

pl. j-i* #tio/

headoloth, kerchief

lunch
*lo*

Jl.i* pwfci/

raven be

gadh
Sl.ttJl

pl.

CjIjO*

gadawdt early

-i*

gadiqa

a (gadaq) to be copious,

morning;
*jj*

al-gadta this morning


pl.

heavy, pour
bountifully
(* (*

down
(

(rain)

IV

I;

to give

guduxx

(jO*

gudan

early

J* to

b.o.) ,

shower, load
liberally

morning
j-i*

J* s.o. with B.th.), beatow J* upon s.o. s.th.)

gadwa

pl.

gadawt lunch; morning


Jlj-i*

errand; *jI*-jjj
goings, his
if-U*

(rauA(uA)

all his

ja* gadiq copiouB, abundant (water,


rain)

Coming and going

magdan place to which one goes


morning
|

j-Uu mngdiq copious, abundant (water,


rain)

in the

rLrt*

<J X

"

{toa-mar^)

an ever frequented

place,

an aspired goat

667

i*

Qa44&

(fa44) to fester, suppurate (wound)

ji-

g\rr pl.

IT do.; to hasten, speed, make foroed

gullible,

Jj*\ agrr inexperienced, new, green; a greenhom; in-

marchea

jUI ( j)

i1

(mir) to run fast,

attentive, inadvertent, heedleas


lj* gurra pl.

hasten, huiry, speed

j^

gurar white spot on

(jXi.) li

ga

u {fa4u>)
s.o.

to feed

(->

s.o. s.th.),

a horae's

face, blaze; the best, the finest,


_^lll
|

nourish, nurture

(->

s.o.

with) II to

the prime (of s.th.); highlight


$.

I>

feed
(o>

(_>

s.th.),

nourish, nurture

ai-Sdhr the firat


iji-

day of the month;


beginning
of the

s.o.

with);

to

provide,

supply,

jUll

at

the

furnish, sustain

(^

*, s.o., s.th. with),

year
\jt-

feed, charge, replenish

(y

* s.th. with)
gtrra

inadverteney, heedlessness,

to be fed

(_>

s.th.),

be nourished, be
(

nurtured (^ with) ; to feed, live

inattentivenees, inattention;

unguarded
|

on)

moment, moment of inadvertenoe


'ji-

to be upplied, be provided, be furnished,

or

Iji-

be fed

(_>

with, e.g., with eleotrio power)

j*- J* ($ini

g.)

unexpeotedly,
Burprisingly

unawares,
ji-

inadvertently,

VIII to be fed, be nourished, be nurtured

i-

ga$w

feeding,

nourishment,

ali-

J i-l (ufr*(fc) to be surprised, be taken by surprise, be oaught un(*-)

mentation, nutrition, nurture

awares
jji-

ii i$

pl. jJU-I agtfiya

nourishment,
pl.

garar

risk,

hazard,

jeopardy,

nutriment, nutrition, nurture, food;


foodstuffs, viotuals, food

dauger, peril
jjji-

gwrr deoeption; delusion,

Illu-

jloc-

i4'i

alimental,

alimentary,
|

sion;

oonoeit,

overweeningness,
trifles,

snob-

nutritional,

nutritious,

nutritive

.>1_p

bery; vanities,
peril
|

banalities; danger,
self-

JI (mawOdd) foodstuffs, victuals, food,


nutritive Bubstanoes
jiij

*ii>

jjjil\

self-deoeption,

delusion
(also
teehn.),

tag4iya

feeding

jjj* garr deoeptive, delusive,


lacious, illusory

fal-

nourishment,

alimentation,

nutrition,
(e.g.,

proviaioning, supply, input, charging

of an electrio battery)
ji-

jji- garir deeeived, misled, tempted;


(pl.

also #i^l

agirrtT*,

;^i

afiirra)

in-

garra

u
(

(jjji- gwrr) to mislead, deceive,


{->

experienced, naive, ingenuous, gullible


j\ji-

beguile
blind
s.o.);
s.o.); s.o.);

s.o.);

to delude, gull, dazzle,


beguile
gtrr (cutting) edge of a Bword;
|

s.o.)

II to deceive,

(*->

to delude, gull, dazzle, blind


to entice, allure, tempt, seduoe to

'j'^*

(^ (^

girran in a hurry, hastily


...

Jji(&,)

J
J*

in
like

a hurry, hastily;
...,

jiji.

expose to danger,
s.o.,

endanger,
jeopardize,

similar to

...,

in
...

the manner

imperil

(i~>

s.th.),
|

risk,

of
in

hazard
to

(*-*

s.th.)

*ii>
one's

j^to expose o.s.


life

danger, risk

VIII to be

; Jjii\ li* J* J* after one pattern, in the same manner, likewise,

...,

after the pattern of

this

manner;

-**-\j j\ji-

dazzled, blinded, fooled, deluded, misled,


let o.s.
(t_>

alike

be deceived

(*->

by), be mistaken

Jji-

garrr

deceptive,

delusive,

fal-

in,

about); to be or become ver-

lacious

weening or conceited X to come unexpectedly


ji-

*Jj* garra inconsideratenese, thougbtlessness, beedlessness


|

to

s.o.),

surprise

s.o.)

lj\ji-

Jp

in the
. .

garr (cutting) edge of a sword

manner of

. .

.,

after the pattern of

668

jl> girra

pl.

J\j* Qard'ir* aaok (for

to assimilate
lifo
|

o.s.

to the Western

way

of

straw or grn)

4-*J J

^>^l

(fkA*) to laugh

>l
aome;

a^arr*,

f.

I> farriC*,

pl.

>

purr

noisily or heartily, guffaw

having a blaze (horee); beautiful, handxnagnanimous, generous; noble;


esteemed, honorable (esp. as a oompli-

^ji- $arb west; oooident; vehemenoe,


violence, impetuosity, tempestuousness

^^Jl the West, the Occident;


west ward, toward the west
garbah to subdue
s.o.,
|

L> arban
Ji falla

mentary epithet following the nanu of


a newspaper)
Singular
jjjiu.
|

-jj*

Jp-*

>1 {muhajjal) unique,

put a damper

maQrOr deoeived,

fooled, misled,

s.o. ; Vj-'f kj* yaffc"* bi-janbin southwestward, toward the southwest

on

tempted; deluded, dazxled, blind; vain,


oonoeited, overweening, snobbiah

,jj*

Qarbi

western,

westerly;

Occi-

dental,

Western; European; an Occi-

dental, a Westerner; Ojj>fl al-arbiyn

Ay. $rm

pl. -dt

gram(me)
(Qarb) to

the Western Ghureh (Chr.)

^y. garaba u
abseilt o.a.,

go away, deport,

4jji

purba

absenoe from the home-

withdraw (j from), leave


etc.);

(j*

8.O., .th.);

to set

(sun,

faraba u arvba
|

land;

Separation

from

one's

native
life,

{*->jj-

furtb)
(4*1j*

country,
place,

baniahment,

exe

or

away from home


Qurdb
-j^il
pl.

yard&a) to be a stranger; to be strnge,


*>lji

Lj*

tfirMn,

odd, queer, obsoure, abstruse, diffioult


to oomprehend
Ol ii^

^>1

v>d V you
. .

will

aQrub,

afriba

orow;

raven;

not have

failed to notice that

.,

you are f
.

oooiput; blade (esp. of a hatchet)


_-i_^ Qarib pl. *\jj* uraba* strnge,
foreign, alien, extraneous (J* or j to
s.o.);

no doubt, aware you know very

(of the faot) that

..,

well that

...

II to

go

away, leave, depart, absent os.; to go westward; to expel from the homeland,
banish, exe, ezpatriate
JjJtj
(

strnge, odd, queer,

quaint, un

usual,
able,

extraordinary,
peouliar;

ourious,

remark

s.o.)

^ji-

amazing,

astonishing,

(wa-iarmga) to get around in the

baffling, atartling,

wondrous, marvelous

world, aee the world IT to say or

do

groteaque; diffioult to und erstand, ab


struse, obscure (language); remote, out

a strnge or amazing thing ; to exoeed the


proper bounds
|

in),

overdo, ezaggerate

landish, also
alien ;

rare,

unoommon
'

(word) ;

(pl

(J B.th.) 4-_JI j v>' (<faA'i) tolaugh noisy or heartUy, guffaw V to go to

^>'
pl.

aQrb)

stranger,

foreigner

v' j*

those Uving

abroad
|

foreign

country,

emigrate;

to

be
to

those
jljlVl

away from home, emigres


i-*U

<~ij*

(far)

away from
be

one's

homeland;

whimsioal, caprioious, ecoentric,

beoome an oocidental, beoome Western*


ized,
o.s.

cranky; 4-j>

(mdda) foreign body,

Europeanized;

to

assimilate
life

extraneous subatance
S-jji
liarity;

to the Western
foreign

way of
oountry,

VIII to

Qariba pl. *-Jl> flonfift* pecu-

go to a
to be (far)

emigrate;

a strnge, striking thing, oddity,

away from
deem
(*

one's

homeland
absurd,

curiosity, marvel, prodigy,

wonder

to find (* s.th.) strnge odd, queer,

^jji*j\j*

ffurtio

setting (of the sun, ofa star)

unusual;

to

s.th.)

preposterous, groteaque; to diaapprore


( of s.th.); to

gartiba strangeness, eariousness;

beoome an

oocidental,

oddness,
liarity

qaeerness,

singularity,

peou-

beoome Westemi*ed, be Europeanized;

V
*->j*l

agrab* stranger,

more

alien ; odder,

J^O*

0* r&U pl.

Jsi'> garbil* sieve


pl. -an,

queerer,
-jj**

more unusual
magrib pl.

Jjl> $arib{
mag&rib* place
(f.)

UjJ>

Qarblya

ujU
(Ial,

sieve maker, sieve merchant

or time of sunset; west, oooident;

prayer

at

sunset

Law.) ;
|

ij* garida a {arad) to sing, twitter (bird),


*-*ji&.\

Maghrib, north west Africa

^iJi y./**
a^Aj

warble
jj*

II

and T

m. a-janw time of sunset, sunset;


<-*j*M

parad singing, song, twitter(ing),

Maghrib, northwest Africa; JjLi*

warbling (of a bird)


iji-

^j^j
itjil\j

t^J^'

(* oJ-oftf)

the entire world;

gurd

pl. Jjji-

fur&i dune, Bhifting

liyiil al-ma&riqn wa-l-m. do.;

dune
u j* rrfcJ

O^-Sll

jj

OjO*^'

*J1

0Ter *^ e

world,

singing, twittering, warbling

throughout the world

(bird)

J^M
(pl-

magribi North Afrioan, Maghribi;

oj ji-l ugrda
ing, warbling,

pl. J; jUI

aprtd* twitter-

**j\**

maQriba) a North African, a

song (of birds)


song twitter(ing),

Maghribi u>u
*iji~
ta^rfcf singing,

look

up

alphabetically

warbling
iji*

k-jjij ia^rift
k-j^ij

banishment, expatriation
Separation

mugarrid
|

singing,

twittering,

ta#arru

from one's
;

warbling (bird)
Jji- paroza
e.g.,

3>U J U songbird

native

country ;

emigration

Europe-

(arz) to priok

anism, Occidentalism, Westernism


t-r*'-^*'

(v

* s.th. with,

with a needle); to thrush, plunge,

tftirb

Separation

from one's
Europe-

insert, stick, stab,

native

country ;

emigration ;

s.th. into); to plant,

ram, push, bore (j * implant (j * s.th.


insert, stick,

anism, Occidentalism, Westernism


~>\jicJ\ iatigrb

in)

II

to thrust, plunge,

wonder, surprise, aston*

stab, ram, push, bore (j

* s.th. into)

ishment, amazement, perplexity


~*j\i-

IV

II;

to penetrate deeply (j into),

pierce (j s.th.); to be inserted, be stuck


Qrib pl. *-oL** gawrib* withers

(j into)

TU

to bore, penetrate (j into),

(of the camel,

of the horse);
(JII

pl.

wave
(alq

pierce (j s.th.); to sink (j into) VIII to

crests

*jjU J* *L-

or)

J
s.o.

penetrate
H.th.); to

hablah) to give free rein to


s.th.

or to

deeply (j into), pierce (j be inserted, be stuok (j into)


|

j^JI JjUl (rira) (he

put his foot in the

ujm
*->ji

mugarrab

expatriated,

exiled,

stirmp, ready to depart=) his departure

banished; expatriate, exile


mugtarib
stranger,
foreigner,

was imminent
jji. gart leather stirrup

alien; living
~tjiz~*

away from home

Jj*

gvna

pl.

jj* guraz stitoh


J\jk garifix* nature,
natural
impulse,

mustagrib Europeanized, West-

}/
natural
instinct

gariza pl.

ern ized
~*jiz~*

disposition;

muttagrab strnge, odd, queer,

quaint, unuaual, extraordinary, curious,


peculiar
Jiji-

j> j*
jjj*

farizl

natural, native, innate,

inborn; instinctive
(Utji garbala) to sieve,
sift,

garbala

magraz

pl.

jjU. mafriz*

(tg,)

riddJe f* s.th.)

prank, practica! joke

lTS
isJ- garasa
i

670

(gara) to plant,

implant (j *

^jt
marked

darauf tendency-

(in

Compounds),
purpoaive,

s.th. in); to place, put, set, infix, inter-

by

direotional,

or

pose, interpolate, inaert

* s.th. into)

presentation
,j0*J-

IV to plant, implant
planted, be

(* a.th.)
;

VII to be
garid
pl.

j-kj jUI

agdrld1 fresh,

im planted to sink
planted;
plant,
(pl.
(-r

in
-f
*-l

tender
ogra,

^J.

gara
girda)

-l

^j

layer,

cion, nuraery

,j*j

tagarrud

prejudice,

bias;

ten-

dentious attitude

plant, aeedling

ifji gira pl.

^j^

orda plant, layer,

^j^* mugri4
tious;

partial, biased, tenden-

cion, nuraery plant, aeedling

(pl.

-n) partial peraon; biased

peraon
4~j garaa plant
lt'L'*
***'j*

peraon

guided

by

personal

interests

0** plant; planting time


Je. Je.

$arg"ara

(tjtj* gargara) to gargle; to

9^a cultivation, growing,


*-lj*
g.
g.

rais-

gurgle; to simmer, bubble (pot) II tagar

ing
olive

(^W) ^jH
growing;
;

az-zaitn
al-'inab

ara to gargle;
a*jJIj

to'

gurgle

<-* CjjijiS

-^Jl

*-l^

(ainuh bi-d-dam') his eyea were

wine growing

viticulture

bathed in tears

*-jji garisa pl. ^h'j* gar'ta1 ,

^ji-

ji-ji-

girgir

(coli.;

n.

un.

guinea

girs nuraery plant, layer, cion, aeedling iSj** magria pl. ^-jli*

fowl

ma^rw1 place
interpoBed

<Jjji.

gargara gargling, gargle, gurgle


i

where

s.th.

is

infized,

or
garafa

inserted; nursery, plantation,


ijli*

bed

(garf) to ladle, apoon,

scoop

mugraaa

pl. -di

a contract for

{* s.th.); to ladle (* food)

from a cooking

the lease of an orchard providing that

pot, and the like, (into a bowl) for serving; to aerve (* a meal)

the lessee,

who undertakes

VIII to ladle,
of)

to cultivate

the orchard, will become owner of one


half of
it

Bcoop (j* *

s.th.
pl.

from or out

after the orchard haa yielded

j* gurfa
of water

l^i

girf the

amount

profit {Tun.)

scooped up with one hand;

^-jli*

mugriat

pl.

-n

one

who

handful;

(pl. -i, Ji^i

guraf) upstaini
fioor;

conoludea a mugraaa (q.v.) (Tun.)

room, room on an upper

room;

Chamber

=
|

room; aa a public body of


al-akl dining
*ijil\

JJ.

girS,

f-U*

gurS pl. ^jj- guri ^j* Btandard piaater

piaater
|

administration, etc.); cabinet; compart-

ment, ward

JS*Vl

~*iji

g".

room;
*j* IV ,j*ji t^j*' (garada) to attain the

IjUuJl *iji or

jU^il
g.

Chamber
*ij*

of commerce ; I^j-Jt ii^i

aa-aufra dining

goal

to take sides, be partial, have a

room;
$,

jl_iJi

** bridge (naul.); r>Jl

predilection,

have a bias (J
pl.

for)

an-naum bedroom
Jilj* garrf pl. iju jl^i garrlf* (ayr.)

^ij.

garad

^j*\

agrd target,

aim, goal, objective, object; intention,


design, purpoae; object of desire; (per.
sonal, aelfiah) interest; inclination, tend

water wheel turned by oxen or hones

and used

for

raising

Irrigation

water

from a river onto the


ency,
i^!/*'

fields

propensity;
(*y-)

bias,

prejudice;

pl.

articleB

of everyday use,

liji*

migrafa

pl.

_>jU* magrif* large

things, objecto, stuff, odds

and ends

apoon, ladle, scoop

871

j
mustagriq immersed, engrossed,

3j-

gariqa a (araq) to plunge, dive, beoome

immeraed, immerge, beoome submeraed,


aubmerge, sink, founder (J in); to go under, be drowned (j in) to be immeraed,
;

absorbed
Hji- gurla pl.

in)

J^i gural foreskin, prepuce

be engrossed, be abrorbed

in)

to be
?Js.

garima

(urm,

U^
fine,

garma,

jji.

wholly engaged, be lost (j


pletely taken
dip,

in),

be oom-

inagram) to pay {* a

and the

like);

up (J witb)
e.th.),

II to plunge,

to suffer loss II to fine


fine (

( s.o.),

impose a
to

immer, submerse

(*, s.o., B.th.);

on

a.o.)

IT

II; paas. uffrima


(l-j

to sink, founder (*
B.th.); to

drown

{*,

s.o.,

be very fond, be enamored


in love, be infatuated fined, be
(*_j

of),

be

inundate, flood (* s.th.; jj-JI


*_j

the market

with) IV

with)

to be

II; to

exceed

mulcted
loss

tbe proper bounde (j in); to exaggerate,

overdo (j
s.th.),

s.th.);

to be exoessive (J in to excess
|

?JAji.
(t_j

gurm damage,

carry (j

s.th.)

j j^l X
to

garm infatuation

(<->

with), love
(<->

ii**-^jl (dahik)

to laugh noisy or heartily,

of), paasion,

ardent desire
fine;

for);

guffaw
sink

to be Bunk, be foundered
into
sleep,
in);

penalty,
betically
<j\ji-

mulct,

see

also

alpha

(J

and the
to absorb,

like),

be

immersed (j
engage

engross,
fill,

garmi passionate, impasaioned,


amorous, amatory, love (used at-

wholly,

claim

oompletely,

erotio,

take up, occupy

(*, s.o., B.th.);


|

to take,
tributively) ;

iL!^ garmlyt amours,


affaira,

last {* a certain time)

sil*-*il

J^i^I

romances, love
tures
J

amorous adven-

(dahik)

to

laugh
f-

noisily
-t^e-

or

heartily,

guffaw XII

j-UL

**jjj*\ {igrau*

v^

*l\~*j

love letter

raqat *ainhu) bis eyes were bathed in


tears

fji garxm
oreditor ;

pl.

U^i gwram' 1 debtor;

Opponent,

adversary

antag-

onist, rival; insulter

Aj*

? ar *? pl- dj* Q&rq drowned; a


;

drowned person
absorbed
(

immersed

engrossed,

< j

garima

woman

Opponent, female

in)

antagonist, rival
<*\ji-

o\j garqn drowned


jj_>J tagriq drowning; sinking, foun-

garma

pl. -t fine,

mulct; indem-

nity, compensation,

damages; reparation,

amends, penalty
pjkj,

dering, eouttling (of a Bhip); inundation,


flooding

magram
loss;

pl.

f.iU*

magrim 3 dam-

ages,

debt; liabity, financial Ob-

jl^l iQrq drowning; sinking, foundering, scuttling (of a ship); inundation,

ligation; fine

flooding ;

exaggeration ;

excessiveness,

C_^-

mugram enamored
(*~>

(^>

of ), in love,

exorbitance,

immoderation,
{rhet.)

extrava-

infatuated

with)

gance; hyperbole

,jjc garin (alluvial)

mud
S Spain)
orane

Jjl* grig sunk, drowned; immersed,


*^\lji.

garnfa* Granada (city in

engrossed, absorbed (j in)

*oJl

jjli
3jJj*

(dahia) oompletely taken aback, deeply

gurnq

pl.

JJJ \ji.

garniq 1

shocked, utterly dismayed


<jji*

(zool.)

mugriq
in)

immersed,

engrossed,

JJ^i girnxq
(zool.)

pl.

^\j*

garniq 2

crane

absorbed (J

i
(j
(*

872

1^ gar u
s.th.) II
(-

(garte)

to glue f fix with glue

jji. gazir pl. jlj* g%zr


ful,

much,

plenti-

I;

IV to make

(.

s.o.)

oopious, abundant, ample; densely


{<_>

covetous

for),

prod, spar on, goad,

growing, luxuriantly growing; rioh


in)
|

egg on,

incite,
(-

induce, instigate, abet,


*

olll

j_

al-mddda well-informed,
aJjII

urge, impel
entice,

b.o.

to do s.th.); to
(<->

leamed, well-read;

jji-

ff.

al-mawdd

aHure, tempt, seduoe


(->

s.o.

offering a wealth of information (book)


j'j*

to); to set
etc.,

s.o.

on), aiok

{._>

* a dog,

gaxra abundance,

copiousness,

on game); to bring about, cause,

profuaion, plenty, large quantity, lavish

produce, provoke (* s.th.); paas. ugriya


to
desire

supply
*t*j'j* gazrt a variety of pigeon

ardently, love
s.th.)
|

(<_>

s.th.),

be

attached (^ to
('adwata) to

J?.

-^

tf>'

cause

or

excite

enmity
Jj* gazala
i

among

(gazl) to Spin (* s.th.);

gazila

, .

a
jj. V
l

(gaxal)

to display amorous behavior

garwa no wonder!

it is

small
(-

wonder
1^*
*\ji.

a woman), court,
frt
(<_>

toward a woman), make love (^ to woo (- a woman),


with a woman); to eulogize in a woman)
III to

garan glue
gir* glue

verses

(_>

speak words of

J\ji. gHr'i gluey,


\5Jjt-

glutinous

love,

make

love (U to a

woman), court,

girawi gluey, glutinous, sticky,

ropy, viscous; colloidal {ehem.)


tfjji.

W garw

no wonder!

it is

Bmall

wonder
lAjii\ji
tjfrl

farrya

pl. -t (eg.)

glue pot

woo (U a woman), flirt, dally, philander (U with a woman) V to court, woo (<-> a woman), make love (- to a woman), with a woman), make flirt, dally (w> eyes (._ at a woman); to celebrate in love poems(._ a woman, also j s.o.); to
extol,

laud,

eulogize

migrk glue pot


flirt

(^

s.th.)

VI to
to spin

(with

one another)

Vm

iQra*

incitement, instigation, inspur,

(* s.th.)
iSji.

docement,
centive,

goad,

impetus

in-

gazl

spinning;
|

(pl.

Stimulus;

entioement,

Jjj*
(

gvxl)

allure-

ment, temptation, seduction


ji*

spun thread, yarn


al~.

JjiJl

^-** mafna'

spinning
gaxal

ml
flirt,

mugrin enticing, alluring, temptJj


flirtation,

ing; inoiter, instigator, abettor; tempter,

dallianoe,

seducer

dallying ; love ; words of love, cooing of


lovers ; love poetry, erotio poetry

Ol^ mugriyt lures, temptations


*j*

Jj* gaxali amorous, amatory,


IV to be thorny, prioklyj to prick
love (used attributively)
Jlji
gazelle

erotic,

Kji. gazza*

Qaza (seaport

in

S Palestine)

gazl pl. )j* gizla, jl/j* gixln

^jc gazzt gauze


\iji-

Jtj gazxdl spinner (of yarn)

gazura

(ffazr,

Sjlj*

gaxra)

to be
Ulji

plentiful, copious,
jji-

abundant

gazla

female

gazelle,

doe

azr abundanoe, oopioiuness, proplenty,


large

(rising) sun, disk

of the sun;

pommel of

fusion,

quantity,

lavish

the camel saddle


SJIji

supply

gazxdla Spider

673

J-*
jU- gziya
pl.

Jji.
mill

magz

pl.

Jj

Li*

maQziP spinning

Jlj* gawzin

woman

danoer, danseuse fjS gusa (sing, and pl.) worthless

Jji- migzal, mugzal pl. Jjli matifa1

spindle

Jjli*

^1 a6 m.

(ej.)

stark

JjU. mugzala pl. -t


dalliance, dallying

flirt, flirtation,

J-p goaoq dusk,


dark of night

twilight before nightfall;

Jjm

taQazzid

flirt,

flirtation, dalliance,

J-* gaaola
with),

i {gast)

to

wash
*

(^ *,

s.o., s.th.

dallying
(jjp)
l_^
(?at
1*

launder

(<_j

B.th.

with);

to

oleanse, clean {* s.th., e.g., the teeth);

(pazw)

to strive (* for),
(* s.th.);

to purge, cleanse, olear,

wash

{* B.th.,

aspire {* to); to

mean, intend

gaz
(*,

1*

(atw t uijjp gazawdn) to carry

J* of); to wash {* against s.th.) II to wash thoroughly (* s.o., B.th.) VIII to


,

out a military expedibion,


foray, or incursion,

make

a raid,

wash

(o.s.);

to take a bath, bathe; to


ritual ablution
Isl.
(i.e.,

commit aggression
s.th.),

perform the major

against
(*,

s.o., s.o.,

against B.th.), attack,


raid,

a washing of the whole body ;

Law)

assault

invade
to

(* s.th.); to

conquer

(* s.th.,
|

s.o.);

J*

gusl

pl.

Jlil

agsl

washing,
i.e.,

overoome

(*,

s.o., s.th.)

j^JI

Ij (sq)

ablution; the major ritual ablution,

to flood the

market

{com.)

a washing of the whole body

(Isl.

Law)

wash water
j- gazw assault, raid, incursion, inroad, invasion, attack, aggression; oon-

J*

gisl

wash water

quest
j_j*

1L.P gasla pl. gaaali (n. vic.) a wash,

gazwa

pl.

gazawt military ex-

an ablution
J~- gasil washed; (dirty or washed) washing

pedition, foray; raid, inoureion, inroad,

invasion, attack, aggression; conquest;

clothes,

oampaign of conquest J^-*

gasl

wash

water ;

washing

Ijp

gazh

pl.

oIjJp gaxawt military

agent, detergent

expedition, foray; raid, incursion, inroad,


invasion, attaok, aggression; conquest;

J^lfc gsl soap; lye

oampaign of conquest
iSjk*

JL-* gassl washer, washerman, laun-

magzan

pl.

jli*

magzin sense,
import;

dryman
*}

meaning,

signifioation,

moral
signifi-

L-i

gaaaia

pl.

-dt

washerwoman,

(of a story);

motto; importance,
|

laundress; washing machine


*JI*

cance,

moment, consequence
#* m
*

j-ii

<^m

gusla dirty

wash water,
pl.

slops

subtle meaning ; ^J** ji

significant

J-i* maga, magaal

J-U* mo^nl"
lavatory

l_yM

magzh

pl.

jU. magzin military


<j jUll

washing

faoility ,

washroom,

expedition, foray, raid ;

the military

washhouse
J-i-

campaigns of the Prophet

mt^Ml

washbasin ;

washbowl,

jU- gazin pl. l\- gvzh one

who carriea
conqueror;
warrior

waahdish, washtub

out

a.

military expedition or a foray;

raider,
tfjUil

invader,

aggressor,

<Li* mo^azJa
stand

pl. J*-I*

magaiP wash-

aLfzx

the

war

lord,

Champion, ghazi

J-m> mj?ta**J washroom, lavatory

J*
Ji.

674

ga&Sa

(ga&&)

to aot dishonestly

-i*

and t) Lli Qa& u (ga&w) to come


i

toward
cheat,
vitiate,
stuffs)
b.o.);

s.o.);

to deceive, fool, mislead,

to

s.o.;

to

place);

gull,

dupe

s.o.);

to

debase,
food-

ga&iya a (jLi* ga&wa) to cover, wrap

adulterate

(*

s.th.,

eap.
(*

up, envelop, conceal, veil


to come, descend
(

(*,

s.o., s.th.);

II to act dishonestly

toward
oheat,

upon

b.o.),

overcome,

to deoeive, fool, mislead,

overwhelm

s.o.);

to be dark (night);

gull,

dupe

(.

a.o.)

VII and Till to be

ga&iya a (OLi* ga&ayn, gi&yn) to


(to s.o. ; * to
(

deceived,

be

fooled,

be

cheated,

be

come
visit

a place)

to go to see,
(

duped to
;

let o.s.

be deceived

to regard

s.o.,

s.th.),

call

on

s.o.);

b.o.)

as diahonest or as a fraud; to
( s.o.)

to sleep

(U with a woman); to cover


female
e.g.,

suspect
ijj-

of fraud or deception

(U

the

animal) ;

to

commit,
^i.

ga&& adulteration, comiption, de-

perpetrate (*

an outrage); to yield,

basement; fraud, deceit

give in (* to a craving);
(gu&iya)
(^-i-

pasa.
II
b.o.,

4-L*

ga&y, gu&y) to lose con-

gi&& faithlessness, disloyalty, per-

sciouBness, faint,

swoon
(*,

to cover,

wrap
to

fidy; deception, deceit; fraud, imposture,


b windle

up,

envelop, veil

a.th.);

spread a oover or wrap


fraud, cheat,

(*,

over

b.o.,

^Lii ga&&&

awindler,

over
s.th.)

s.th.);

to overlay, coat, plate (*

impoetor; deceptive, delusive, false


,_^>* magSS deceived, fooled, cheated,

IV to be dark (night); to spread a

cover or wrap (J*,


o.s.
*i\J>
(i_>

over)
<<_>

V
in)

to cover

duped; adulterated, corrupted, debased


,1*

with),

wrap
to

o.s.

,j^-l

(tiybah)

hide one'e head in

ga&ama

(ga&m) to treat unjuBtly or


( b.o.);

one's clothes so as not to see or hear

tyrannically, to wrong, oppress

iS^ 9a fy> Qu&y urfconsciousnesB, fainting,

to act unjustly or tyrannically


b.o.);

toward

swoon (ing)
ga&ya fainting
spell,

to aot thoughtlessly, haphazardly


s.th.)

(*

in

VI to feign ignorance or

i-li-

swoon, faint

inexperience

to regard

( s.o.)

as

dumb,

"*jli
Li*,

ga&wa
gi&'

veil,

wrap, cover, covering


i--i

stupid, ignorant, or inexperienced


pl.

ag&iya

cover,

- ga&m
treatment

oppression, repression,

111-

covering,

wrap,
coat ing,
;

wrapper,
coat,
pellicle;

wrapping,
plating;
in-

envelope;

p-i* ga&m unjust, unfair, iniquitous,


tyrannical;
pj^Jl

tegument
valve
jbvjl
|

film,

membrane
hymen,
vir-

oppressor,

tyrant

5>l

J>Vl Lull (anfx) nasal mucosa;


Li*
g,

brte force

al-bakra

ginal

ti
new
raw,

ffaHm

pl. Afti

pu&am

inexperi-

membrane; Jl3il Lull (mukfi) mucous membrane, mucosa

enced, ignorant, foolish,


(at

dumb, stupid;

an

offioe),

green, a greenhorn;

JL

ffii'i;

JLIII

jUi-'l

(jfunq)

boorish,

aneducated;

unakUled,

diphtheria (med.)
JjLti gtiwa, ga&wa veil, wrap, cover,

untrained,

olumay,

awkward,

gauche;

raw, crode, mnprooeesed, nnworked


iy--

covering

futma inexperience, foolishnea

Lt* ga&ayn, gi&yn unconsoiousness,


faint (ing), Bwoon(ing)

tyrannical;

-iU ff&im unjust, unfair, iniquitous, oppressor, tyrant; soum,


|

(^.

magSan

place

at

which

one

drosa

*f U ly (qwa) brte foroe

arrives, object of a visit

675

1-iU Hya

pl. ^ilj* ^atodJin pericar*

mafjfib

acquired

by unlawful

dium ;
faint,

misfortune,

oalamity

disaster

arbitrarinesB, extorted, usurped; forced,

bwood;

insensibility, Stupor; aerv-

oompelled, ooerced, constrained


i_xi.
mug'tapib
violent,

ante, attendante, retinue, auite

outrageous,

mi-

ga&a

(Ist pera. perf. fafiftu)

brutal; usurper
(k

gapy) to be choked; to ohoke (y on, eap. on some food); to be overorowded, oongeated,

**

II

and IV to put forth branches, to


(tree)

branoh
{r+i.

jammed, packed, orammed


uSil
.f.

(<y

with)

^ms-

(makdnu) the place


(

Sufn

pl. Oj^ai- gufin,

U*pl agfn,

was overorowded IV to ohoke


VIII
to

b.o.)

twig, bough, limb, branch


<^mi-

be

overorowded,

congested,

gupna twig, shoot, cion, sprout


i

jammed, packed, orammed


i-*
fufifa
pl.
-St,

,j*-mi-

{jvjaf

tbat

a<j4a (Ist pera. perf. a4a4tu)

and
t

whioh causes choking, a lump


ordeal; choking aound, Buppressed
CtjL\ <*mi Q. al-maut

in

tbe

(Ist pera. perf. gatfftu)

(ijj gv4$a
a
plant)
;

throat; mortal distress, tonnen t, agony,

i#Lii o4&4a) to be or become fresh,


succulent,

moan

tender

(esp.

agony of death

gtuftfa

(a44,

UL

fafjla)

to oast

down, lower

(^

or * one's eyes, one's

Qw paoked, orammed
if Qafiaba
t

^U

replete, orowded,
(_>

jammed,

glance, out of modesty,

and the

like);

with)

to lower, lessen, dimlnish (j- the value,

the preetige of
(gafb) to take

s.o.

or s.th.),

detraot,
^-i*
|

away by
,

foroe

derogat (j- from


**J*

s.o.,

from

s.th.)

or Ulegally, extort (* s.th.,

>, J*

{farfah)

to

lower

one's

eyes

from
s.o.

s.o.).

rob (*

s.th.; *

or j* or J*

<*

J^JJl or jkJI ^j^p (n?oro) to overlook,

of

s.th.), seize

unlawfully, usurp (*

let pass,

disregard B.th., pasa over s.th.,


s.th.,

s.th.),

take

illegal possession (* of B.th.);


{ s.o.,

wink at

pay no attention to
s.tb.

s.th.,

to foroe, oompel, coerce

J*

to);

have no objection to
^j**.

to abduot, carry off (U a woman) ; to rape,


ravish, violate (U a

woman); to conquer,

<uf4

aversion

(of

the glance)

subdue

s.o.)

VIII

l>.i

v-1*

*
1

J_^*ll)

^1
of
(

^ji* . an-7iafar (af-farf)


s.th.
;

j^Ul to force one's entry into a country

overlooking
s.th.; je. jkJI

disregarding

of

o**
extortion

gapb
;

forcible,

illegal

seizure,

speak of
of
ing
...,
...

....

r*j aside from ..., not to let alone ..., regardless


....

Usurpation,

unlawful

arbi-

irrespective of

notwithstand-

trariness (1*1.

Law);
|

foroe,

oompulsion,

ooercion,

constraint

1** gafban and


^j+i-

w**JL)

gatf

fresh,

succulent,

juicy,

forcibly,

by

force; <j- L-** against

bis will, in defiance of

him

tender; luah, luxuriant (plant)

<*A^*\

i
igtifb forcible, illegal seizure,

gu44o-

shortooming,

deficiency,

fault, defect

extortion, robbery; illegal appropriation,

Usurpation; ravishment, violation, rape


(of

ga4i4 fresh,

succulent.

juicy,

a woman);

foroe,

oompulsion,

oo-

tender

ercion, constraint

Uli
-n,

gatftfa

freehness,

suoculence,

t^U
usurper

dfib

pl.

v^La

guftb

juiciness,
ficiency,

tenderness;
fault,

shortooming, de-

defeot; blot, stain, dis-

676

grace,

shame
...

i*it-i* a*-j

U to take no
...

jJu> ga$ir abundant, laviah, opulent,


luah, luxuriant
j^Jte ga4ir fresh,

offense at
~<Jj~ie

have no objeotion to

gvf&fa freshnesa, suooulence,

green (plant)

juieiness, tendernesa

jLi* gajra freshneas; affluence, prosto be or

Jti-

gafiba a
oross,

(gafab)

beoome
irritated,

perity, opulence
JtjjJii-

angry,

mad,
furious,

vexed,
to
fret

gutjrf

pl.

iJujUc- gatfrif

carti-

exasperated,

(j.

or

lge, gristle

J at
for),

s.th.,

with

s.o.);

to Btand up (J to be oross, be

defend (J

a.th.) III
(*

j-

II

to

wrinkle, pucker, shrivel, fold,

on bad terms

with

s.o.)

IT to annoy,
enrage,

orease (* s.th.) III to

wink amorously
shrivel,

exasperate, anger,

make angry,

(U at a woman) T to wrinkle,

infuriate { s.o.); to vex, irrigate, gall,

form oreaaeB or corrugations; to be or

provoke

( b.o.)

beoome wrinkled,
rugated
j*ii-

oreased,

folded,

cor-

K^Jti- gatjab wrath, rage, fury; anger,

exasperation,

Indignation ;

L^p

{ga

$a4n,

ga4an

pl.

j~ie

gwjn

faban) for the protection of


i^Jti-

wrinkle, fold, orease, oorrugation; (only

Qa4\b
irate,

wrathful,
furiotu,

angry,

exas-

ag.)

trouble, toil, labor, hardship, dif| . . ,

perated,

infuriated,

en-

fioulty

j*iiillJ

in the oourae of,

raged; vexed, annoyed, irritated, galled


Sr

during, within;
in the

j~*e

meanwhile,

meantime

U* gafba

fit

of rage, angry outburst,


ip gatfanfar lion

tantrum
Vj~**
gtujlb irascible, oholerie, irritable

(j*i*)

IT to olose one'a eyes


oondone
pass,

(also

with <~*

jL

gwjbl

irascible,

oholerie,

irri-

'ainah); to overlook, disregard, avoid


seeing,
(je, * s.th.), let (je, *

table; sullen, morose

L-i* a4bdn
gufb,

%
,

f.

JU

iJ

-i*

s.th.)

gtufb, pl.

v-jU
s.th.),

shut one'a eyes (j*,

* to

fabd, gv4&>& wrathful,


irate,

take no notioe (je, * of s.th.); to

angry, exasperated,
furiated, enraged

be lenient (je with), have indulgence,

rurious,

in-

show forbearanee (je for), wink, oonnive (je at) TI to pretend not to notioe; to
disregard (je s.tb.); *i*

uUI
vexatian,
cation

ig^fb

exasperation, infuriation;

<^*^

= ** lS**\

irritation,

annoying;

provo-

Ui*

^)l ( lSi*) gwjan:

j*

> ^-1 >


(i.e.,

(aharra, jamri /-$.) lit: in

a hotter spot
ffcujd
i.e.,

^U
perated,

g^4*b
irate,

wrathful,
rurious,

angry, exasen-

than the live embera of


variety

infuriated,

of euphorbia),
in

on

pins
Situ-

raged; vexed, annoyed, irritated, galled

and
ation

needles,

an

unbearable

w^m
anger

mafypQb: 4J*

u^m
away

objeot of

Li*l
%

%$

overlooking,

connivanoe,

gatfara

tfafr) to turn

(je from)

oondonation, disregard; indulgenoe, for-

to turn (J against b.o. or to s.o.); ga4tra a tfafar) to be or beoome rioh,

bearanoe
,j>lij

taQfin overlooking, connivance,

abund&nt, laviah, opulent, luah, luxuriant

oondonation, disregard; indulgenoe, for-

bearanoe

677

Ji gaffa

(gaff)

to immerse, dip, plunge

>, * s.o.,

s.th. in);

^U
,j-U-*

gaffas diver

(man or

bird)

gaffa i (.L-U pafty)


(

maQfis (migfas) pl. ^^UU. maQdfis*


|

to snore IT to immerse, dip, plunge


*,

bathtub; plunge bath


al-m.

s.o., s.th. in)

YII to be immersed, be

uil\

Jl*

*\i

Epiphany

(Chr.)

dipped, be plunged

in)

j-aLw
Jt-1^ gaflf anoring, snore

tafis dipping,

plunging, immer-

sion; submersion; baptism (CAr.)

IkJ
JjLi gufra

gufaifa fog, mist

^U
T

Qfis draft (of

a ship)

designation of the kfiya, or

headcloth

wom
to

J&*

gafasa

(gafi) to be or become dark


{jaftia

under the

iql, in

Nejd

(night);
(eye)
;

(gafai) to

become dim
to be dim,

and Bahrein
is-jltf-

to be dim-aighted

gafrasa

be

haughty,

arrogant,

dim-sighted (eye)

supercilious, overbearing, snobbish, oonceited, overweening, self-important II ta*

J^i

gafai dim-sightedness

gafrasa do.

*^i-

j ^J^S

(miiyaiihl) to

Ja* gifamm huge, rast (ooean)


(jLp)
(a
{Li-

display a haughty bearing, awagger, strut


"<*Ja*

gaf
II

u
a,

{gafw) to cover, oover

up

gafrasa

haughtiness,

super-

s.th.)

to

oover,

wrap, envelop,

ciliousness,

arrogance,

insolence,

im-

conoeal
(<_>

(<_j

* s.o.,

s.th. with); to slip


eise),

pudenoe,

snobbishness,

oonceitedness,

* over s.th. s.th.

cover

(*-*

self-importance

s.th.

with); to cover (a s.th., e.g. t ex-

penses, the goal in sports); to outshine,

^J*i>gitriS2\.^j\i.gafri? haughty,
supercilious,

arrogant,

overbearing,
self-

eclipae, obsoure (J* s.o., s.th.); to


(

drown

J*

s.th.,

of voices, eto.

snobbish, oonoeited,

overweening,

);

to be stronger,

important
,_rJ*i*

be more decisive (Jp than) V to be oovered, wrapped, enveloped, concealed


(<-

mutagafris liaughty, supercUoverbearing,


snobbish,

with, by); to cover


o.a.,

o.a.

(<_

with),
(<_

ious,

arrogant,

wrap

veil o.s., oonceal o.a.

in)

conceited, overweening, self-important

vin

v
gifa
pl.

Ju^L*

gifrif

pl.

JujlL*

gafrif*,

JijLLi

llc

LUpI

afiya

oover,

gafrip, jILp afrifa potentate;


great,

a noble,

covering,

integument,

wrap,

wrapper,

famous
%

man
to dip, plunge, immerse,
* s.o., s.th.

wrapping, envelope; covering


ing); lid
|

(=

oloth-

l>r

^
to

^\j\

ILc

headgear

gafasa

(gafs)
a,

submerse (j
dive,
sink,

into Vater);

4-UJ iaQfiya oover(ing) (of ezpenses,


of currency, of the goal in Sports) ; cover of notes in circulation, backing of notes,

plunge,

become

immersed,
II to dip,
a,

submerge (j in water)
into water);
(Chr.)

plunge, immerse, submerse (j


s.th.
s.o.)

s.o.,
(

note coverage
J* Qoffa
i

to baptize

(eg.)
(

to take unawares; to grab,

to dive; to bathe (j in)

grasp, seize
\fii.

J*

s.o.)

rL^ gafs dipping, plunging, immersion

gafara
rn)

diving; sinking (trans. and intr.); sub-

(gafr, i^ii mafira, jl^i* guf*


s.o.

mersion

to forgive (* J

s.th.),

grant
(*

^IU

fifs

baptism

(Chr.);

^LUI

pardon (J * to s.th.) j4m V


|

s.o. for s.th.),

mit

(yug~faru)

unpardonabb,

Epiphany

(CAr.)

irremiasible, inezcusable

Vm

to forgive

678

(*

s.o. s.th.),

grant pardon (* J to
jJcj*
|

s.o.

be forgetful, be heedlesa, be unmindful


(jp of),

for),

remit (*

s.th.)

V (yugtafaru)
inexcusable

pay no attention (jp

to) II to

unpardonable,

irremissible,

make

( a.o.)

negligent, careless, heedlesa,

X
an

to ask

s.o.'b ()

pardon (J or j* or * for
(

or inattentive III to use, or take ad-

offense),

ask

s.o.)

to forgive (J

vantage
vertence,

of,

s.o. 's

(*)

negligence, inad-

or j* or * an offense), apologize

to

b.o.,

inattention,

heedlessness,

or

J or j- or *

for)

jiiz~\

I ask God's

carelessness; to
priBe, take

surprise,
( s.o.)

take by sur-

forgiveness ! a formular phrase used on

unawarea

IT to negleot,
B.th.),

variouB oocasions, eap.


oJining

when modestly deall!

not to heed, disregard, ignore {*

compliments and amiabilitiea, ap-

be forgetful, be heedless, be unmindful


(* of s.th.),

prox.: pleaae don't (say so)! not at

pay no attention

(* to B.th.);

j
gafrar.

gafr

pardon,

forgiveness;

to paas {* over s.th.), slight, leave out,


\jii-

pardon me! I beg your pardon

omit, Bkip (* s.th.); to leave unspecified


1

(a B.th.)
jjjti gafr readily inclined to

III;

VI to feign inattention,

pardon,

inadvertence, negligence, or oarelessnesa


to pretend to be, or
attentive,
careless;

much-forgiving (eBp. of God)


jlip gaffr readily inclined to pardon,

make

aa

if,

in-

inadvertent,

negligent,

or

much-forgiving
ljj*

(esp. of

God)

to negleot, disregard, ignore,

slight (*,

s.o.,

s.th.),

pay no attention
in),

gufrn pardon, forgiveness, reljjiiH


J

mission

rj~* -Lp *id

faum

(jp to), be uninterested (jp


different (j* to)
s.o.) aa stupid,

be in(

al-g.

or b\jiiS\ -Lp

Day of Atonement, Yom

III; to

regard

as a fool; to
() leg

make

a fool

Kippur
Ijiik*

{Jud.)

of b.o. magfira pardon, forgiveness, re-

()>

pull s.o.'s

in ission

JA* gufl careless, heedless, unmindful,


inadvertent;

undeaignated,

unmarked;

jjik> magfr:

*J

j^iilS

(he

who has
late ...

without name, anonymous; not provided

been forgiven), the deoeased, the


*jii.

II to

guard (J*
over

s.o., s.th.),

watoh (J*

(^ with), devoid (> of) jI ,> J undated, without date, bearing no date;
|

(^jiil)

Li* VI

over

b.o.,

s.th.)

Cm Ji* (inuf') without

Bignature, unsigned,
Ijii-

anonymous Ji*
;

--U-

gufra cover; lid

unprocessed iron, pig iron, crude iron

jJ. gafir

numerous (crowd), abundant


large

Jip gafal negligence, inadvertence,


attention, heedlessness, carelessness

in-

(quantity),
gufar'*)
._riip

(number);
aentinel;

(pl.

Ijit
|

guard,
--

watohman

(i^)

(jamm, jam') large number

&ip gafla negligence, inadvertence,


Btupidity

in-

attention, heedlessness, carelessness; in-

or quantity, large gathering of people


difference;
SjLii gifra pl.
j-'Lii

foolishness;
al-.

>j+

af*ir* kerchief

OI maut

for covering the head, headcloth

and

iLip ,>*-

sudden death; iU* J J* (Ami g.) suddenly, all of

jlu gaffra cope (Chr.)


jlik*

a sudden, unawarea, inadvertently, unexpeotedly, surprisingly

migfar

pl. j>\iu, magfir*

helmet
0-JJ&
gafinS**

negligent,

neglectful,

iL* gafqa light

slumber

careless,

heedless, inadvertent, inatten-

J gafala u (iLip gafla, J^i* gufl) to negleot,


not to heed, disregard, ignore (jp
s.th.),

tive; drowsy, sleepy

J^m

tagfil Btultification

6TB

J*
(*
s.th.);

JL-l igfl neglect, disreg&rd, ignoring,

to realize, or make, a profit


reeeive the proeeeds {* of

nonobservanoe,
skipping

slight(ing);

Omission ,

(*

on

s.th.),

s.th., esp.

of land, and the like),

tum

to

JiLu tagful neglect


Jil*
pUjdfaJ

(good) aecount, invest profitably, utilize


(* s.th.); to profit (

by

b.o.,

*
(*,

by

s.th.),

gfil

pl.

-n,

J^i* fw/i, Ji*


oarelesa,

derive advantage or profit

from),

negligent,

neglectful,

make
(t

capital (* out of s.th.), capitalize


s.th.); to
(*,

heedle&tf, inadvertent,

unaware, inatten-

on

take advantage

(*, of),

tive

ezploit

s.o., s.th.)

Jm

mugaffal

apathetic,
easily

indifferent,

Je- gilt

rancor, hatred, Bpite, malice

inattentive ;

gullible,

dnped,

s
J*
iron
gvXL

sucker; simple-minded, artleas; simpleton


Jii. mu/oi

burning thirst;
manacles,

(pl.

J^it a^U)
pl.

oollar;

handeuffs;

anonymous

-JLii.

SJ^i

chains, shackles, fetters


il*.

(=

Fr. aocilU

anonym) joint-stock oor-

gua burning
alla
pl.

thirst

poration
^iic muioQaffil dunce, dolt,
(jii.

numakull

-dt,

J^i

Q\W.

yield,

produce, crope ; proeeeds, revenue, re-

and Ji) Li* gaf u (gafw, gufte) to Blumber, doze, take a nap; to doze off,
off,

turas (esp. of fanning); grain, cereaLs;

com;
JJi

fruit
galil

nod

fall

asleep;

gafiya

(i-i*

burning thirst ; thirst for


ill

gafya) do. IV do.


jju-

revenge; rancor,
slumber, nap, doze,
(pl.

will;

ardent desire;
thirst,

gafwa

pl. -t

J^

gill)

exhauated with

cat

nap
tffaa Blumber, nap, doze, oat

very thirsty
iJ^i
gilla pl.

I.Ll

JJ^i gal'iP a

fine,

nap
Je-

diaphanous cape, mantilla,


garment, gown
I

veil; shirtlike
g.

rjl>\

*}"&

an-naum

gaUa u (po) to
(

insert, put, stick, enter


;

nightshirt,

nightgown
development,
the
like),

s.th. in(to) or between)

to penetrate,

J-^U^-l istigll utilization ;

enter (* s.th. or into B.th.); to apply an


iron
coliar

working

(of

mine,

and

or

manacles
fetter

( (

on
s.o.)

s.o.),
;

exploitation (of a mine; also


utilization, sweating); uaufruet;
J*>Ui^l
istigldli

selfish

handeuff,

shackle,

to
Je;

abuse

produce, yield, yield crope (land)

&*
to

Jl

*^d

(yadah,

'unuqihi)

(lit.

to

Berving

exploitation,

fetter one's

hand to one's neok,

i.e.)

not

exploitative
JjJ

spend or give away anything, be

magll fettered, shackled; exthirst,

niggardly;

aa

(gi)

to be filled

hauated with
Jl

very thirsty
idle

with hatred or rancor (breast);

pasa.
on
s.o.),

Jjli-

m. al-yad inactive,

gua {guy
thirst,

*!*

gulta)

to suffer violent
II

burn with thirst


or

to apply an
(

mvfi produotive,

fruitful, fertile-

(land, Boil)
s.o.)

iron

coliar

manacles
(

handeuff, shackle, fetter

IV to
to

Jii. mtutagiU exploiter,


fruetuary, beneficiary

utilizer, usu-

produce, yield,
yield (*

yield
b.o.

crope
B.th.)

(land);

J* to
in,

V to

enter,

Ji=

mustaga

pl.

-t

that

which

penetrate (j s.th. or into s.th.) VII

=V

yields crops, proeeeds, or profit; yield,

to rake

gain, win,

obtain, reap

produce, proeeeds; profit

^
<_~l*

galaba

(falb,

i-Li

ffalaba)

to subdue,
beat,
lick
(

<_J*1 aglab* (elative,


foll.

with def. article or

oonquer,
(J* or *, . or h, of

vanquiah,
a o., .th.),

defeat,

genit.) the greater portion, the

ma-

get the better

J#

jority,

most

(of)

U-i^l

in

most

b.o. ,

of

s.th.),

be victorious,

caees;

mostly, in general, generally;


jliJl

triumph, gain ascendancy, get the up-

f% ^iiVl (wa-l-a'amm) do.;


(o.

^_UI

j j

over

perhand, aohieve supremacy (J* or *, * s.o., over s.th.) to maBter, aurmount,


;

iz-zann)

most

likely,

most probably,
amrihi

in all probability; .^1 ^iil aflaba

overcome (J* or *
a
s.th.), a.th.),

B.th.); to Beize

take poasession
(J* or a

(J* or (J* or a of

and j-Vl
likely,

<_~UI in

most

caees, mostly;
all

most

most probably, in
,

probability
|

lay hold

on

s.th.);

to

overpower,
or

overcome,

overwhelm

*Ul aglabiya majority greater portion

(J*

i-*U

i-UI

(kqta)

qualified

majority;

b.o.);
s.o.

to snatch, wrench, wrest (J*


s.th.),

lk. SU!
(pol.)
*->-**

from

(muflaqa)

absolute majority

of s.th.);

rob, plunder (J* b.o, to prevail, (pre)dominate, be


;

preponderant (J* in s.th.) to be probable, be likely jliJl J* t__U (zann) to be probable, be likely; .U-l or **+*^\ *-U ^iij
|

gilb combat(ing), fight; struggle,

strife,

contest

JU-

mugdlaba

combat(ing),

fight;

(pihhatu, jiddatu)

(to be) fairly,

almost

struggle, strife, contest


i^AiS

correot or new;

4j"Kll

*A& ^JjS (ka'batu)

he

is

in

low

Bpirits

most of the time,


ing,
f^SOI *-U ^J;>

tagaub surmounting, overcomB.th.)

melancholy prevails in him;

mastery ( J* of
glib

(karamu) hia predominant, or foremost,


quality
is

^JU
genit.

(pre)dominant; (with

foll.

generosity II to

make
over),

{# s.o.)

or suffix)
of,

most

of,

the greater
(pl. i-ii

get

the

upperhand

(J*

make

portion

the majority of;


|

( s.o.)

a.th.

triumph (J* over); to put (J* * above or before) III to try to defeat
to flght,

galaba) viotcr

UU

gliban and lJLJI

mostly, in most cases, for the most part,


largely;
likely,

( s.o.);

combat
(,

(*, s.o., s.th.),

in

general,

generally;
l i^JUJ^

most

struggle, wrestle
difficulties)
e.g.,
;

* with;

^tL^lt with
{*

most probably;
...,

and the

to befall, overcome

s.o.;

rule is that
S~J

as a rulo ...

sleep)

to

triumph,

gain

the

glibiya majority, greater portion

mastery (J* over), overoome, surmount, maater (J* a.th.), cope with), break
(J* (J* a reBistance); to outweigh (J* a.th.) ^Ldl <\c ^AiS (nu'eu) he was over|

*~>U*

maglb defeated, vanquiahed


|

beaten; receasive (bwl.)


(amrihi) helpless

v'

J*

<~>jk*

come by drowsiness VI to wrestle with


one another, struggle
-_~U

li*
(j-i*

mugaUab defeated, overwhelmed,

overoome
conquering,
de-

Qalab

(act

of)

galas

darkneaa

of night

(eap.

that

feating, surmounting,

overcoming
(eg.)

preceding daybreak)
talk,
3***i*

*i*

galaba

victory;

idle

galfama a
,

pl. -j*jU galim* epiglottis

ohatter, prattle

jjLU

lAi. galifa

galabwi

(galaf) to

(eg.)

garrulous, voluble,

make, or commit, a
an
error ,
err ,

talkative; chatterbox, prattler,


<-

windbag

miatake

oommit
II

be

mistaken
r'*jU

to accuse
8.0.
()

( s.o.)

of a miatake

fab

viotorious,

triumpbant,

or error, put

in the

wrong; to
error

conquering

make

( s.o.)

oommit a miatake or

681

!\ \ f.

III to aeek to

involve

( s.o.)

in errora or

ii*

giha thiokness, grossness; coarse


crudeness, roughness, ruggednesB;
ruthlessness,

mistakes
swindle

to

deceive,

beguile,

cheat,
{*

neas,

s.o.)

IV

to

make

s.o.)

harshness,

rudeneas,

im-

commit a mistake or

error VI to mislead

politeness, boorishness
Ji~l*

one another, cheat one another JJ* galaf


pl.

gcdiz

pL ]*&

gilz

thick

{e.g.,

.W*l

agtf error mistake,


^^J-l
|

curtain, fabric); fat

and uncouth, hulkBolid,

blunder; incorrect, wrong

.LU

ing, burly, gross (perBon, body); viscous,


viscid,

al-hisa deception of the aenses, illusion;

sirupy
(food)
;

(liquid);

stringy,
(fabric,

J&U jS}\

(amr) there
is

is

a but in the

tough

coarse,

orude

case, there

a hitoh somewhere

words, person); rough, rugged (ground);


harsh,
callous,

iUU

galfa pl. galaft,

JoUl

glj error,

rde,

churlish,

incon-

mistake,

blunder

V^"

*^* (mafixu

iderate, boorish; inviolable, sacred (alliance,

'iya) misprint,

erratum
one

oath)

L5JI

iiJ*

g,

ar-raqaba

stiff-neoked,

obdurate, obstinate, stub-

ulLU
mistake

f/alfn*

who oommite a
mistaken,
erring,

born

Ji-Jl

jl\ (mi') the large intestine


f

or

error;

(anat.); iJi

Js

binding, sacred oath

wrong

^l

it^li gilja thiokness, grossness ; coarse-

uglfa

pl.

-t,

J*JUI

agli

ness, crudeness, roughness, ruggedness


Jiiil

captious question
aglaz* thioker, grosser;

<LL. maglafa
question

pl.

JJU. maQlif1 captious

ooarser,

cruder, rougher; rder,


.Uli-

more impolite
jvc

kllw muglafa pl. -f oheating, deceit;

mugaaz: <LL.

binding, sa-

swindle, fraud; falsification, distortion;


fallacy,

cred oath

Bophism
t (^ito?,

JiU
liU ffza f

galgala to penetrate (J s.th. or into

JiU galuza u and ffa&ja

s.th.); to enter

(j

s.th. or

into B.th.); to

*W*

gilza) to be or

become

thick, grosn,

plunge,

become

immersed,

submerge
fall

coarse, crude,

rde, rough, rugged; to


viscid,

(j is)

II tagalgaia

to set in, descend,

become
(of

viscous,

tough,

sirupy
s.o.)

(night); to penetrate
s.th.); to enter

(j s.th.

or into

a liquid, mush); to treat (J*

(j

s.th.

or into B.th.); to

harshly, ruthlessly II to
thiok,
gross,
big,

make

(a s.th.)

plunge,
(

become

immersed,
into),

submerge
be deeply

coarse,

crude,

rde,

in); to be

crammed (J

rough, or rugged; to thicken, coarsen


(a s.th.)

,jwJi
|

JiU to swear a sacred


or Jpjl
s.o.
s.o.,
<d

embedded, be ensconoed (j fere, meddle


Ji*=* mutagalgil
in);

in); tointer-

oath IV

J_jJJl

*l
speak

(gauJa, /*

l-qauli) to

bark at

rudely, use rde rudely,

extensive,

widely

deeply embedded (J extended, far-

language

toward
s.o.

reaching (oonnectiona)
.JlU II to put or

impolitely with
gross,
big,

to become thick,
rde, rough,
thick, coarse,

coarse,
(*

orude,
B.th.)

wrap (^

(* s.th.) in

a Cover,

rugged; to find

wrap, envelope, or case; to wrap, envelop


{* s.th.); to cover

crude, rde, rough, rugged


.Uli gilaz

a B.th. with)

thiokness, grossness; coarse

U gulfa foreskin,
J*&
ing,

prepuce

neas, crudeness, roughness,

ruggedness;

gilf pl. ,_Lp guluf cover, cover-

harshness,

ruthlesaneas,

rudeness,

im-

wrap, wrapper, wrapping, jacket (of

politenesa, boorishness

a book); case, box; envelope

I.JUP

tJJLil

aglaf,

f.
;

Uli galf'*, pl. ._iU Z/

galima a (galam, <*U gulma) to be excited

unciroumcised rde, uncivilized


i_al

by
(pl. -t)

luat,

be aeized by sensuous desire

mugallaf unciroumcised;

VIII
it.

oover, covering, wrap, wrapper, wrapping,

galim excited by

luat,

seized

by

enve'ope (of a

letter)

sensuous desire, wanton, lewd, lascivious,


lustful
;

jU

in heat, rutted
luat, carnal appetite, sensu-

galaqa

(galq) to cloae,

ahut

(* s.th., a

door); to look, bolt {* a.th.,


galiqa a
(galaq):

a door);

*l*

gulma

j*J\ jli (raknu) the pledge waa forfeited as the pledger was

ous desire; heat, rut


1*"^

gulm

pl.

UU- gilmn,

*l*

gilma

unable to redeem
(* a.th.,

it

II to

olose,

ahut

boy, youth, lad; slave; servant, waiter


4-OA

a door); to lock, bolt

(* a.th.,

a door)
(Uaj (Uaj

IT

gulmiya youth, youthfulness

II;

to declare a pledge

rahnan)

to be forfeited, foreclose

Lt gailam male tortoise


Ktji-

a mortgage); paaa. ugliqa to be


dubious,
in-

gulma youth, youthfulness

obacure, dark, ambigous,

comprehensible (J* to a.o.) VII to be closed, ahut, looked, or bolted; to be


incomprehenaible

(_^U)

to be obsoure, dark,
diffi-

^ gal u (gulw) to exceed the proper j gal u overdo, exaggerate (j


bounds, be excessive, go too far
a.th.);
(

in),

ambiguous, incomprehenaible; to be
oult, intricate,

(**& gal') to be high, be stiff (price);

complicated

*-U jUx-l

to become expensive, undergo a prioe


raise (merchandise); to

.^Jl (kalmu) he

was unable to speak,

be expensive, be
(*)

he waa atruck dumb, he was apeechlesa

high priced II to raise the price of a.th.


III

jU
jU

to

exoeed the proper bounds, be

galaq pl.

j^il aglq lock, padlook


excessive,

go too
(

far
;

(j
to

in),

overdo,

galiq obacure,

dark, ambiguous,

exaggerate

dubious, abstruse, reoondite, difflcult to

high a price,
to put great great
(

oomprehend
*5}U gilqa unpaid balanoe
J^Ai,

demand too charge too muoh (<_j for); stre (<-> by B.th.), asoribe
a.th.)

value

(^ to

a.th.),

rate

highly

miglq

pl.

jJU* magliq*
(of

s.th.)

IV

=
or

II; to

deolare (* s.th.)
appreciate,

look;
;

to

be

dear

precious,

padlock;

breech

firearm)

any
as,

value, prize, treasure, cherish (* s.th.);

cloaing or fastening
latch,
lid,

mechanism,

to laud,

extol,

praise

highly

(*

s.th.)

a catoh, a
etc.

clasp, a cap,

a cover, a

VI to exceed the proper bounds, be excessive,

a outoff,
iglq

go too far (j
(*_j,

in);

to overdo,

J">Ul

cloaing,

shutting, locking,

exaggerate

s.th.)

to find (* s.th.)

bolting, shutting -off, barring; foreoloaure


(of

expensive or costly
jli.

a mortgage)

gulw exceeding of proper bounds,

tWUil ingilq obsourity, abstruseness,

excess, extravagance ; exaggeration

incomprehensibility
jli.

**& gal' high oost, high level of prices,


t

muglaq closed, shut;locked bolted;

rise in prices;
I_^1p

high price
gulw* 2

obsoure, dark, ambiguous, dubious, abstruse, reoondite, difficult to

gulawa*,

exceeding of
|

oomprehend

proper bounds, excess, extravagance


Jj_>U
jr>

jlii- musiagliq obsoure, dark, cryptic,

J*+

(kaffafa) to

dampen

s.o.'s

ambiguous, equivocal

ardor, curb s.o. 's enthusiasm

Jil aJdmoreexpensive;morevaluable,

*j-

gumma grief,
gamdm

affliotion, sorrow, dis-

more

oostly

tress, sadness,

anziety
(coli.;
|

S^ mu$dlh

ezoeeding

of

proper

ll>

n.

un.
i_-p-

pl.

<l>
al-g.

bonnds, ezcess, extravagant; ezaggeration


}Ul
tfld'

gam'im' olouds
hall

f^Jl

habb

laudation. ertolment, high

*.l

gimdma
(for

pl.

fl gam'im*
etc.);

blinder,
(for

praiae; admiration

blinker

horses,

muzzle

Jl* tyttin ezpensive, high prioed; valuable, oostly; dear, beloved;

animala)
J.\

(pl.

S^*

agamm*,

f.

I>

gamma' 1 oovered

gul&h) adherant of an extreme aeot ; eztremist,


radioal;

with dense hair, hairy, hirsute, shaggy;


thiok, dense (olouds)
(U

fanatio

adherent,

fa-

natio

gmm

grievous, distreasing, sorrow-

J*

gaid

($aiy,

U*

falayn) to boil, bub-

ful,

sad, painful; sultry,

muggy

(day,

ble up; to ferment (alooholio beverage)

night)
/>_>*-

U
IV

to

make

(* s.th.) boil; to boil (* B.th.)

magmm
mugtamm

grieved, distressed, af-

=11
Ji Qaly
boiling, ebullition

flioted, worried,

sad
grieved, distressed, af-

JJU

U*

flioted, worried,

sad
sheathe, put into

galayn boiling, ebullition


pl.

jji galyn
pipe, narghile,

j&

galyin* water

jj-

gamada

u (gamd) to

hubble-bubble; smoking

the scabbard (* the sword); to plunge,


thrust (*the sword into s.o.'s breast); to

pipe, tobaoco pipe ; aee also below


ij'jU

encompass,
Qalidya
*>y* T
pl. -&t boiler, kettle, oal-

shelter,

proteot,

cover

s.o., *z*v

bi-rahmatihl with His graoe;


to conoeal s.o.'s
()

dron

ateam boiler

of God)

II

ofFenses or

Jl Qliya

a perfume made of musk

shortoomings

IV to sheathe, put into

and ambergris (Qalia moschata)


Ji. maflty broth; deoootion (pharm.)

the scabbard (* the sword)

to en(

oompass, sbelter, proteot, oorer

s.o.,

07
God)
jj-

bi-rahmatihi

with

His graoe; of

jJ* galyn

pl.

54^* alyin*, ,>.J^* 0**

tcin' galleon ; aee also

J*
veil,

gimd

pl.

jL^I

agmd, *jf gumd

i.

gamma u (amm)

to oover,

oonoeal

sheath, soabbard

(* a.th.); to All (. s.o.)

with sadneas, pain,


( s.o.);

j> gamura u
bound

(jl>

gamra,
oopiouB,

lj_yf-

Jumflra)

or grief, to pain, grieve, distress


pass.
sible

to be plentiful,

abundant, a(intr.);

Qwnma
(

to be obscure, inoomprehento oorer, reil, oonceal


All

(water); to overflow
(flamr)

J* to

s.o.) II

gamara u

to flood, inundate (*
overflow (* a.th.);

(* B.th.)
(

IT to be overoast (sky); to with sadneas, pain, or


(

s.th., o> * B.th. with),

s.o.)

grief,

to

pain, grieve, distress


distressed,

s.o.)

TU

to douae, oover (* s.th., o> with a liquid),

to be

pour a liquid

(\J)

over

s.th.

(*);

be

worried, be

sad, grieve,

pine,
i-

worry VIII

= Vn

to lay, soak (j s.th. in

liquid); to

immerae, steep, submerge, place, embed


(

gamm pl. ?j* gumm grief, affliction,

*,

* s.o.

s.th. in(to); esp. fig.

in(to)

an

sorrow, distress, sadneas, worry, anxiety

environment, an atmosphere); to cover,

684

buiy

(*,

s.o., s.th.)

to bestow liberally,

button, ring the bell; 4JUi

J>

(qantak)
s.o.,

lavish, heap, load

(^

upon

s.o. s.th.),

to sound
s.o. 's

s.o. out,

probe into

feel

shower
(* s.o.,

(lj

s.o.

with); to

fill,

pervade

pulse VI to signal to one another,


(*

* the heart; of feelings) III to


o.a.

wink at one another VIII to detraot


from
s.th.)
*jf-

plunge (blindly), throw

(headlong)

s.th.), belittle,

decry, disparage (*

(j or * into); to venture; torisk(i_js.th.)|


4-iij j\* to

engage in daring adventures,

gamza

pl.

-t

sign, signal, hint,

risk one*B life VIII to oover, buiy, engulf,

wink (with the eye), twinkle; taunt,


gibe

swallow

(* s.th.)

jj gamr
mersion,

flooding,

overflowing, sub(pl.

*jl>
''jJ-

gammxa dimple
gamixa
faing,
fault,

inundation;

jl>
(also

imr,
shortflg.);

Jj*
ter);

#umr) deluge, flood

all-engulfing, flooding overflowing

ooming, blemish (of oharaoter)


(wajjy

of overflowing liberality, laviahly


generalis
;

magmax

pl.

J-Uu magmiz* failing,

openhanded,

gamr

and

fault,

shorteoming, blemish (of character)


s.th.

gumr

(pl.

jl>l

agmr)

inexperienced,

weakness, weak spot,

which arouses

green, gullible, simple, ingenuous


*jf-

doubt, invitea oomment, taunts, and the


like

amm
flood,
pl.

pl.

gamart,

jl> gimr
(emotional)

deluge,

inundation;

>

garruua

{gams) to dip, plunge, steep,


(

exuberanoe;

jl> flood

(flg.,

e.g.,

of

immerse, submerse, sink


in)

*, s.o., s.th.

events); adverBities, hardahipa, ups

and

n=

I;

VII to b dipped, be plunged,

downs (of Uie t of battle, etc.); abundanoe,


profusion
.

beoome
sunk;
to

immersed,
plunge,

be

submersed,
o.s.

be

(o.g.,

of knowledge)

Cji\ s\jj

throw

(j into)

al-matU mortal throes

vin

= vn
gama
ominous,
oalamitous,

j* gumr

pl. jL^l agmr armfull

^j*

jl> mdrrisk, hazard


\j

disastrous

Im muQmara

pl. -dt

a haxardos, or
,j*^

^j*** magnta Immersed (^

in)

foolhardy, undertaking; adventure; risk,

gamaga

(amf) to esteem Ughtly,


despise,

hazard
j*\

belittle,

undervalue,
(*,

hold

in

Qmir overflowing,

all-engulfing,

oontempt

s.o., s.th.)

all-encompassing; plentiful, oopious, a-

(j^! agmaf* blear-eyed


(-P

bundant; desolate, waste, empty (Und)

i/ gamwfa u and
1

garruujta

u {^jj

gumtitf)

jj+**
j U*

magmr

obscure,

unknown
foolhardy

to be bidden, be
olose (eye); to

oonoealed,

hide;

to

muQmir

reokless,

be obsoure, dark, abstruse,

adventurer

reoondite, diffieult to

oomprehend
close,

to

make (* s.th.) obsoore, abetruse, reoondite, jf gamaza


(<_*

(panx) to

feel,

touob, palpate

difflcult to

oomprehend; to

Bhut

*,

s.o.,
(_*

s.th. with); to

make a

sign,

(j

JLe

(ainaihi one's

eyes to, over,

to signal

to

s.o.

with); to beokon
(

toward, or in the face of); to sleep, be


asleep
|

with one's eyes, wink


twinkle, blink
slander,

at s.o.);

to

^il J*

*J>**-

<j*f

(jufnah,

(^ with

one's eyes); to
|

qa$) see ji IV to hlur,


'ainaihi s.o.'s eye fbr),

oalumniate
(jarasa)

jv$"'

jf

(J* or <_ s.o.) to press the bell

dim (j* <X* make s.o. blind

to; to olose, ahnt (je JLe one's eyes to.

over,

J* toward, in the face


(je. a.th.),

of);

to

1> gamtaj

fickie,

inconatant, unatable
fickle,

pretend not to Bee

feign blind-

r"^
atable
^J-

Qimlj

inoonatant,

un-

aeBs (je to), overlook (j* s.th.), wink,

connive (jt at); to bear, stand, tolerate


(j*-,

J*

s.th.)

<-Lft

j*

mJ\

('ainaihi) to

gam

{jamy) to provide with a roof, to


4-1*

oloee one's eye, refuse to Bee


close.

TU

to

roof (* a house); pass.:

(gumiya)

be closed (eye) Till de; to sleep,

to Bwoon, faint, low consciousnesB II to


blindfold IV paas.
4-1*

be asleep
l

^\

(ufrniya) to

_f

{jumd sleep

swoon,
blink,

faint, loae consciousness

AjJ"
,jyt "<JlJ-

$amda

twinkle,

wink

^ gamy
1>1

awoon,

faint,

unoonsoiousneaa
unconsoioua-

in a

moment,

in a jiffy

igrrUC

swoon,

faint,

,ji\j gimd twinkle, blink,

wink
obsourity,

ness

o+j* famd
ambiguity,

obscurenesfl,

<tL^-l

[eg.;

pronounced istugunu
la'bat al-ist. blind-

abstruseness,

reconditeness,

mya)'.

*jLii^l l-J

mystery, insorutability ; inexplicability


lack of clarity, vagueness, uncertainty,
incertitude
~<*ijj

man's buff
4-1*
-*.

magmly, mugman

alaihi in

a swoon, unconscious
obscureness, obscurity,

gumda

j* ganna (Ist pers.


ci-

perf. ganintu)

a (ann,

abstruseness, reconditeness
Lr

gunna) to Bpeak through the nose,

i>l agmad 1 obsourer, more cryptic

speak with a nasal twang, nasalize


j*

(J

*U gmi4 pl. ,j+*\j* gawmifl hidden,


obscure,

gann nasal pronunciation, naaal-

concealed ;

dark,

ambiguous,

ization
*l.

abstruse, recondite, difficult to compre-

gunna

nasal

pronunciation,

na-

hend

inscrutable,

cryptic(al),

myste-

salization; (pl. -t) nasal Bound,

twang;

rious, enigmatic(al)

Bound
-t t ^j+*\j*

{also, e.g.,

of oomplaint, of regret)
f.

*J\ fmida

pl.

gawmid*
innermost

j*t

aQann',

L*

gann'*

nasal;
(voiee)

unsolved problem, riddle, enigma, mystery


|

melodiouB,

pleasant,

sonorous

jKil

.j**^

b.o.'s

luxuriant, lush, gorgeous (of a garden)

thoughts

J*/-

ganija a (gunj) to coquet,

flirt,

play the

gama\a

and gamifa a (gamf) to

despise,

coquette (woman)
**i*

do.

hold in contempt, esteem


little,

lightly,

be-

underralue
for s.th.)
|

{* s.o.);

to be ungrate-

g\mj coquetry, flirtation, dalliance,

ful

(*

<**-

*k> (haqqah) to
rights,

coquettish behavior

encroach upon
recognize
J>S

b.o.'s

refuse

to

<j^

ganija

coquettish,

flirtatioua

s.o.'s rights

(woman); a coquette
j-Uj
2

gamgama
**i^

to

mumble, mutter
pl.

mignj coquettish,

flirtatioua

gamgama

\j flamgim

cry,

jXj- II tagandara to play the

dandy, aot

like

battle cry
f-

a fop
j-L* gundur fat, plump,

gamiqa a (gamaq), gamaqa u and gamvqa

chubby
(eg.)

u to be damp, moist, wet

jjXJ- gandr

pl.

SjaL* gandira

J.U Qmiq* dark

(oolor)

dandy, fop

^Ai*

(tg.)

gundaqgl armorer, gunsmith

eulogize, extol (lj s.o.)

IT to make free

from want, make


Lj^^ gangann gangrene {med.)
J
jjanima a
suffice (j* or
ficient,

rieh, enrich ( s.o.); to

s.o.

or for

b,o.),

be suf-

(gunm, anm, {janam,

i*-^

be enongh, be adequate, do (je

ganima) to gain booty; to take as (war)


booty, capture, gain, obtain {* s.th.);
to pillage, plunder, sack, loot II to give
(in

or to

for s.o.), be of uae, be of help (je or


avail, profit, benefit,

s.o.),

help (je

or

s.o.);

to satisfy, content (je s.o.);


s.o.),

a disinterested manner) (*

to s.o.

to be a Substitute or setoff (je to

s.th.),

bestow

(*

on

s.o.

s.th.),

grant
(*

make

dispensable or superfluous (je

(a

s.o. s.th.)

IT to give as booty
i^ill

for s.o. s.th.); to

make up
(je

(je for s.th.),

to s.o. s.th.) VIII to take as (war) hooty,

be a Substitute

for s.th.); to diss.o.

oapture (*

s.th.)

lsi\

(furpata)

pense, free, relieve (j*


spare, save (je
*

of s.th.),

to seize, or take, the opportunity, avail


o.a.

s.o. B.th.);
s.o.

to proteot,
|

of the opportunity

*#_^l

JJc-l

guard, help (* je
Uxi
(*ic)

against)

Ji-l

to be of no uae, be of no avail (to

s.o.); ^jUi

^ gunm spos, booty, loot, prey; gain,


profit,

at

all

J*j (je to
bit,

^ (yugni)
s.o.),
it

it is

of no use

doesn't help (je

advantage, benefit
(coli.) pl. fLe-l

s.o.)

it

isn't
(i_j

worth a farthing
s.th.);
s.o.,

j*

anam

agnm sheep

V to

sing,
(*

chant
or

to sing the

(and goats), small cattle

praises

^
gain

of

of s.th.); to
s.o.)
(i_j

eulogize, preise, extol

(^

VIII to

AlL

gannm shepherd
pl.
|

become
ganaim*
{r&fin,
spoils,

rieh,

riches

by)

to

i*-U ganima

<Li-

become
spare

rieh

not to need, be able to


s.th.),

booty, loot, prey

jU i^i

easy prey;
iyb)

(je (je

s.o.,

be able to

dis-

uA-^L,
i.e.)

pense

with),

manage, be able to

(content with retuming without booty,

do
be

(je-

without), have

no need (je

for),

glad

to

bare

saved one's akin;

in

no need (je
satisfied

of); to get by, do,

V^'-

*-)!

i> f~i\ (iqtana'a) to have

manage, be

(v with)

<-*

J-j

"V

to return

empty-handed, with nothing

(yustagn) indispensable
Je-

accomplished
J+*

ginan wealth, affluenoe, riebes


|

magnam

pl.

^U* mo^nim* spos,

tu- ^e-

y indispensable (J
4i*

for); Ji- *ic


it,

<!

booty, loot, prey ; gain, profit, advantage,


benefit

he cannot dispense with

he cannot

do without it;
with
it,

<U
safe

g&nim successful

Lei

UU

J* j ja he oan dispense he does not need it; c* J j OK"


s.th.,

jL*

to forgo, renounoe s.th., dispense with


s.th.,

(sliman &niman) approx.: he retumed

be in no need of
need not do
s.th.

not to need

and sound
(finan, L* gand") to
rieh,

s.th.,

J* ganiya a

be

free

<* gunya,

gmyai

*^J-

c*

<!

J U

from want, be

wealthy; not to
s.o., s.th.),

^
Q.

*Lt

(ginan)

need, be able to spare (je


able to dispense able to
(je-

be

J-

Qanxy

pl.

Lil agniya* rieh (y


|

in),
1

with),

manage, be

wealthy, prosperous, well-to-do


al-harb

^*ji-

J*
J*

do (je without), have no need

war

profiteer;

OL-JI

je

(je for), be in

no need (j*

of) II to sing

(bayn)
it is

self-evident,

self-explanatory;

(wor*

s.th., * * to s.o. s.th.),

ohant (^
s.o.),

self-evident, it goes without saying

or m s.th.); to sing the praises

(^ of

(Ol that)

687

JJ6
(your) to penetrate deeply

Li

gan'

wealth,

affluence,
ability,

riohei

Oj*) J Li Qra u
(j into);
sink
in,

lufficiency,
bility ;

adequacy;
avail,

capaUtility
it 10

gra u a (gaur) to
{eyeB,

fall

in,

uae,
|

nsefulness,

become hollow
aeep away, ooze

and the
(water);

(j* for)

4.

.Li

(Jond'a) useleu;

like); to

away

insufflcient, inadequate,
is

not enough,

it

to dry

up

(spring) II to fall in, sink in,


(eyes,

no good,

it is

to

little avail, it ia

of
_>*

become hollow
seep

and the

like);

to

little

um;

*:*

Li

J (and*un),
it,

*i*

Li

away, ooze away (water) IV to

he can dispense with

he does not need it

travel in the lowlands; to

make

a pred-

Li gin' Binging, song

atory incursion,
s.o. 's

make a

foray (J* into

jLi

g%n'i

ginging-,
|

song*^**-

(in
)

Com*ng

pounds), vocal
recital, ooncert

JL*

(fyfl

territory); to raid, inrade (J* a country); to attack (J* b.c., s.th.); to commit aggression (J* against a nation)

of rooal music
ji-

Li f/ann' 1 see
*-l
pl.
-t,

jji

gaur

pl.

j \ji

agwr

bottom

ugniya (ignlya), ugniya (igniya)


lil

declivity, depression; depth

(also fig.);

agnin song, melody, tune,

jyl\

destgnation

of that

part of the
the

lay

Syrian
pl.

Graben
|

which
jjill -i^o

constitutes

Ji. magnan
tation;

Jordan valley
li*

deep; profound,

majfnin

habi-

unfathomable
jli

(eg.) villa

gr

pl.

jljit

Jli ffniyo pl.


girl,

-t,

\j* gawnin pretty

beautiful

woman,

cave, cavern;
belle

(ooll.

agwr, \jf girn n. un. ) laurel


;

beauty
tree,

bay
gra
pl.

jiu

mugannin (male)

singer, vocalist,
jli
-t

predatory incursion,
foray;
|

ch anter
raid,

inrasion,
;

inroad,

attack
*j

L- muganniya
calist, songstress,

(female)

singer,

vo(

J* on) a certain gait of cameis


JtjS*

j*- *j U

chanteuse

(jawwiya) air raid;

or *L+\y* *i<ljU

L-^i

gaihab

pl.

<Li gayhib* darkness,

(mutawfiila, mutawliya) rolling attacks,

dark, duskineas; gloom


Ltji

attacks in wares; J* jli j^ (ianna) to attack s.o. or s.th., launch an attack on


s.o.),

IV to help, sucoor
(

go to the
{

jli* Tnagr oave, cavern; grotto


jli*

aid
<~>

of

s.o.)

to appeal for help

or

to

s.o., s.o.,

of

J* against), seek the aid ( or J* against); to call for help


call

magra

pl.

-t,

jjli* magtvir*,

yli* mayir* cave, cavern; grotto


jlji mi^uxSr pl.

<L>ji

gaui

for

help

help,

aid,

yjLi* Tnaj/dutfr1 fleet,

succor

swift-running (horse); making raids or


attacks, raiding, aggressive ; bold, daring,

<^Li giyi help, aid, succor

audacious;
|

pl.

./jli*

commandos, shock

igfa

help,

aid,

succor
olil

*J

Kj

troops (Syr., mil.)


jlil

(I^dl
wnantt
lief

f*J

*uUI)

,>>*!'

(K-J.

i-fflu(taAfa)

United Nations Re-

igra pl. -t attaok (J* on)

and Works Agency,


isiigla

UNRWA

jTU j'ir low-lying; sunk, hollow (of


the eyes)

0U1J
help
tZ~<L*

appeal for aid; call for


j-uL*

mugir assailant, raider, aggreasor


gorilla

mugit helper

^iJj* gvrid

jf
jU,

j jU

look up alphabetically
ffriweSa
pl.
-t,

iL* gila aasassination

iL* *la (gilatan)

to assassinate
"<tijk
(eg.)

s.o.
-t

J\je gawyii*
JLspI
igtiyl pl.

murder(ing), as-

glass Dracelet, bangle

Bassination

<ur* <^ U
ptyiS?,

u tfctft lt*^* maf, 5-Lp giyfa) to plunge (j into),


immersed,

^U
in),

1>U *ila pl. JjIj* gatv'iP calamity,

disaster; ruin, havoo, danger

become

submerge

(j

dive (j into; J* for); to practice pearlfiehery II to make ( s.o.) dive (j into),


plunge, immerse, submerse
^jsi.y(

^y. gaw
one's

(^

gayy, *Aje awya) to stray


(in

from the right way, go astray, err


actions) ;

b.o. in)

to

misguide,

mislead,

gawi deep
gaunof
pl.

lead astray { s.o.), seduce, tempt, entice,


Iure,

induce (y

s.o.

to

do

s.th.); like II

to

^l^i
"<^\y-

-n diver; pearl diver

gawiya a to oovet,

desire,

gawwpa

pl. -t

submarine
jJjBI
|

misguide, mislead, lead astray, tempt,

^li. magp diving

place

^U.

seduce, entice, Iure, allure

( s.o.)

IV

= II
(

to misguide, mislead, lead astray

m. al-hilu* pearl diving, pearl-fishery


s.o.);

to tempt, seduce, entioe, Iure, bait,


(-* *

*J*y II to deepen, make deeper

(*

a well)

ensnare, beguile, win

s.o.

with)

V to evacuate the bowel,


]ji.

relieve natura

J>
J'j*l

gayy

trespassing,

transgression,

gauf

pl.

Jo>

jf,

o^uxSf,

offense, error, sin; seduotion, temptation,

J*Lp piyf,

jlkji

j^n

cavity,

hollow,

enticement, allurement
i-p

depression
<UjjJl

gayya, giya

pl. -t error, Bin; taste,

on the

name of the fertile south aide of Bamaacus


al-gfa

oasis

inclination, liking
'o\y.

gawya

error,

Bin;

Beduction,

Saiji gawit

deep
excrementa, feces

temptation, enticement, allurement


_jil ufrunya pl.

iJU
1

d'tf

human

jjUl agwiy

pitfall,

trap

Jp>

ffflf J

Gothic
*\y-\

igw* seduotion, temptation, en-

pU gpa mob, rabble,


din,

riffraff; noise,

clamor,

ticement, allurement
j\*

tumult
mob,rabble,
riffraff; noise,

dwin tempter, seduoer, enticer,


(pl.

Utfr gattg' 1

allurer;

l\y-

gutoh)

amateur, fan,

clamor, din, tumult

lover, dilettante, dabbler

(J>)

JU

gla

(gavl) to take

(away) un(*,

\\jks
pitfall,

mufiawwh
trap

pl.

oUy- mugaiotvayt

awares,

snatch, seize, grab

s.o.,

s.th.); to

destroy

(.

s.o.)

Vffl

I; to

II to hoist (*

flag)

assassinate,

murder

( s.o.)

*jU Qya
Jl* gl pl. -t (syr.) padlock

pl. -t

extreme limit utmost


;

degree,
agwl,
goal,

the

outmost,

extremity;
intention,

aim,

Sy- gl usually fem.,


j^>Li

pl. Jijsl

end, objective,

intent,

filn ghoul, a desert

demon ap-

design, purpose; destmation (of

a jour-

pearing in ever varying shapes; demon,


jinni, gobiin, sprite;

ogre, oannibal;

ney)

*iUJ (with foll. genit.) as far aB,

up

to, to the extent of, until, tili;


J^l-I

UU
j5

calamity, disaster

extremely, very (muoh);

j U

(gyatan, jamdl) to be of extraordinary


.

'am

al-.

he

who

thoroughly knows the


things

beauty;
wsifata)

iL-I^Jl

jjJ

ZAil\

(tubarriru

l-

invisible,

or

transcendental,
al-.

the end justifies the means;

Qod;
world;

-_-jJI
tj-jjjl

JU *lam

the invisible
behinds.o.'s

oUJ

jUajl to

head or

set out for one's

jjiii bi-zakri l-g.

destination
.

back, insidiously, treacherously; Jim Jij


see fj*
Jl o-jJI (bi-'aini l-g.) to foresee,

and

3-

foreknow,

divine s.th.

O V*Li *%ya finality (pAibtt.)


(-*)

wl* &a

{?at&,

,4-e

gaibi Beeret, hidden, invisible


pl.
-t,

gaiba, -^Li giyb,

jU gdba

uU

gab

(coli.)

low

*j^~

gaibba,

<_i.

mat)

to

be or
to

ground, depression, hollow; forest, wood,


copse, thicket; jungle; reed
(i'ndJ)
<~J|

remain

absent,

be

or stay away;

^oi^Jl

wUJl

abseilt o.a.,

(j* s.o.,
sight,

withdraw (j* from), leave a.th.); to vanih {je from s.o.'s


s.o.,

bamboo

from

from

s.th.);

to

disibility

aiba absence; concealment, invis-

appear, be awallowed up (j in); to hide,

be hidden, be concealed (j* from);

i*. giba

slander,

oalumniation, cal-

(<* magib) to
the
like)
|

set,

go down

(sun,

and

umny
V^*
jUi by
iyb absence, being away; setting (of the sun) giybi :

*JLj

je *^i\ uli the matter has

slipped from hia

memory, he has
<oJj-

for*

gotten the matter;


) to lose

je

v^ (pawfti* wU
do.

consciousness, faint, awoon,


default
j>-J\ je-

jLi

- (Kuhn)

judgment
in

become unoonscious;

(jur.);

LU
(jur.)

giybiyan

^rUl
in

*l __*!

absence, in absentia

(JbfrMu) it is not veiled

darkness

II to lead

away, tte away,

jL gayba pl. -t bottom, depth (of

carry away, remove

(*,

s.o., a.th.);

to

a well, of a dungeon, of a ditch, and tbe


like)
~<!j~

cause

(*,

s.o.,
(je-

s.th.) to
*,

disappear; to
s.th.

hide, oonoeal

s.o.,

from);

Qaibvba swoon, faint, unconscious*

to
(

make
s.o.)

(* s.o.)

forget everything,

make
|

ness; trance, daze, Stupor


t_-*i*

oblivious

of everything
hia

*~P
._tf

j>rjJ' je it
,jji\

drove him out of

mind;

fnagib absence ; setting (of the sun)

4p

(tar)

the earth covered, or

tagayyub absence, nonattendance,

him V to be absent, be away, stay away (je from s.o., from s.th.); to
buried,

being away, Btaying away, truanoy

wL-1

igtiyb

slander,

calumniation,

be not present, be not there; to play


truant,

defamation; gossip about (genit.)


Lj-TU gaib pl. -n, ^* guyyab, <L guyyab abaent, not present, not there;

play

hooky

(je-

from sohool)
( s.o.)

VIII to slander, calumniate

to

use

a.o.'a

{')

absence for maligning him,


to Blander, calumniate

baokbite
(. s.o.)

hidden,

( s.o.);

concealed,

unseen,

invisible

third peraon (gram.)


gaib absence; hidden, concealed,

l--*

OLJ

mufiayyibt

narootios,

stupe-

invisible;
is

(pl.

^jJ- guyb) that which


is

faoients, anesthetios
(_-***

hidden, the invisible; that which


;

mugayyab
pl.

hidden,

concealed,

transcendental, the supernatural


seoret
l-g.)
|

divine

invisible;

oLjJJ al-mugayyabt the

Li. {jaiban or
heart,

by

i JJl r jfi je- (fahrt from memory; w^ll ftA

hidden, transcendental things, the divine


seorets

690

u_,f.-

mugib
is

husband
(-ii*
i^bii*

absent, graaa

and ii. woman whose widow

others,
ji-

and other

things, et

alii,

et alia;

V and j*
eise,

^,-J (gairu) (and) that's all,

m\Ua$ayyib abseilt

(^

nothing
firom)

no more, nothing but, only,

merely, solely; l ji- faira anna except


that...,

mugtb slanderer, oalumniator

however, but, yet,

...though;
one,

j^i ghetto
(d-i) <U #dfa
(* s.th.),
s.th.,

*^'j
(ja) to water with rain
<*,

j* goiru whidin more than

several; j* ji- gaira marratin

more than
ji-

once, quite often, frequently; j*j bi-gairi

send rain

upon

s.o.,

upon

or ji,
gairi

^ min gairi without; (L)


(m)

/I

of God)
gait pl.
i_*-fi

wUhout

(generally followed
ji-

i-i

guyt, ^Li-I "tfyH

by abstract noun), jj
i^^j
L.

{tarawwiv)
;

(abundant) rain

without thinking, unhesitatingly

ji-

j
J
ja

{tahayyubin) without fear;

xi VI
gait

to walk with a graceful, Bwinging

41* 'ja*

j*
it,

(ma'rifatin)

or

*i*

ji-

('ilmin)

without hie knowing or having without his knowledge, un-

J-

gayad deucacy, slender ahapeliness,

known

tenderness, softness (of a

woman)
girl,

wittingly

JjU j&ia
lady
XJ.\

pl.

-t

young

young

jj- gairi altruist

\j
agyad*, lo-t gaid'*,
jl*JI

gairiya altruism

aj

gid

young
j-i-

giyar,jMil\ ji- g. ad-dahr vioissitudee,

and
(j*i)

delioate;

the young ladies


to be jealous

of fite
tji. gaira jealousy; zeal,

jU
be

gdra a

{Iji- gaira)

fervor,

ear*

(J* of);

to

to diaplay zeal, vie (J* for); Bolicitous (J* about, for); to


s.o.,

nest ooncern, vigilant care, solicitude ( J*


for) ; sense

of honor, Belf-respeot
pl.

guaxd or proteot jealously (j* J*


s.th.

from)

II

to alter,

modify,

make
{*

j^-i gayr
zealous,

j* guyur (very)
eager

jealous;

different
s.th.)

(,y

or

s.th.),

ohange

III to

be

dissimilar,

be different,
*

differ;

to be in oontrast (*,
s.th.
(*,
);

to),

be

(J* in, in the pursuit of), keen, eagerly intent (J* on), earnestly ooncerned (Je with), enthufervid,
siastio
(

unlike s.o. or
(*
e.g.,

to ohange
interchange,
to

J*

for)

garment) ;
<^j

to

\j* gairan 1
gayr

f.

^j-1 gair,

pl.

jjLc

exohange
bargain,

between);
{

haggle,

jjJ-

ohaffer
(*

with

s.o.);

to

vie,

oompete
( s.o.)

with

s.o.)

IV to make jealous
undergo
differ,

jwJ
ment,

tayir pl. -t ohanging, alteration,

modifioation, Variation; change, replacerelief

to be altered, be modified, he
alter,

ohanged, ohange,

vary,

an alteration or change VI to
different,
ji-

be

jwJ

tagyira pl. jwLJ taQyir* exohange,

be heterogeneous

interchange, ohange, replaoement; lend*

gair other than (with dependent


different from, unlike, no, not,

ing of books and manusoripts sheet sheet (one malxama after the other;

by
eg.)

genit.),

non-, un-, in-, dis-; (prep.) gaira exoept,


save, ,but
jwJl
|

jLi

giyr

exohange,
(pl.
f

interchange.
-t)

the others, fellow men,


viJJJ

ohange, replaoement;

dressing, L* qifa'

neighbors; *jj,

j*j and the


on, et cetera;

like,

bandage (of a wound)


at-f.

jLjI

and so

forth,

and so

and

spare parts

sei

ob
JLl>

>u taQayyw
tion,

pl. -t alteration,

vu-

mungz angry,

irate,

furious,

ohange
mugyir:

enraged

^li.

v'-^

-?}**

indeoent,

Jilz*

mufftz

angry,

irate,

furioua,

immoral
jJcu mvtafayyir ohangeable, variable,
li&ble to

enraged
'Ja*

^ ^M
pl*

<>y<U tbioket

ohange or alteration

jmI* jlg?

JU
il^i {&

di pl. -t (yr.) padlook

(tayyr) alteraating ourrent

(ei.)

and ^Li

yildn Bee Jy.

to

deorease, diminish,

reoede,
*jj}

beoome
(lau*

(.) j*U

less,

dwindle

away

Ji\i-

dma ($um) to beoome cloudy, beoome overoast (aky); to beoome fogged,


beoome blurred
to billow,
float, II do.;

nuh) bis face


pale

lost all color,

he tunied

to form olouds;

waft (smoke) IV aQma


I

jk^

Qa*4 prematurely born fetus

and aQyama
-* 0am

*JU

Qaida

pl. -t,

^U

tftjflltf,

,>UI

(coli.; n.

un.

) pl.

aj-

uym

a^ydtf thicket, jungle


.L-i

Li jjiydm clouds; mist, fog

fliQ&'im olouded, overoaat; oloudy

$a#

pl.

lkx
fyi

fltyJn

Held

** muJopayytm olouded, overcast


(Ji-i)
.Uli-

(0aif)

to anger, enrage,
x

infuriate, irritate, exasperate,


(,

vex, gall

^i

jjain

pl.

-<W,

j-i
f-

puyn, L*l

at/iln

s.o.)

II

and IV

I;

to

beoome
s.o.,

name

of the letter

rurious,

at B.th.) VII
Ji_i aix

beoome angry (j- with and VIII = V


wrath, anger,
ire,

c- <una dimple on the oheek


nI: 'tis* 0

Js*

-r. .}**

(iinzir)
-u

guinea pig
OjL-1

exasperation,
LLc- plnty

fury, rage

Guinea Guinea

LL

fnij/d

l-jadlda

New

JiU*l igtiyf wrath, anger,


peration, fury, rage

ire,

exas-

ij abbreviation

of lii

faddn (a Square

Uli fa'inna (with

foll.

sufflx or

noun in

measure)
J /a (conj.) then,

acc.) for,

becauae
of the letter J>

and then; and

so, thiu,

Li

fa"

name

henoe, therefore; but then, then however;


~*jjj
Li

fbriqa

and *SC j\i

pl. -(, iijLi fdbrik?

for,

beoause;
|

(with

subjunctive:)

so
factory, plant

that

Ljj

l*ji

(yauman) day after day,


U*i (Sai'an) gradually,
(/a-gotoftZAu)

day by day;

U*JL#

oli

YUI

to

teil

lies

(J* about); to take

atep by step;

jlsii j-1

he

ordered him to be killed

violent measures (J against); to violate a duty, etc.); pasa. cJfcil uftu'ita to

(J

Ji
die suddenly
|

**\j

oll

(bi-ra'yihi) to

Jti

YI to regard as a good omen, as an auspicious beginning


Jli

aot

on one's own. judgment


t/ti'f

(^

s.th.)

to be optimistio

oLtil
IjjjU
(It.

oppreseion, violence
pl.

fal

pl.

Jjji

/u'Z, Jjil a/*uZ

good

omen, favorable auspice; optimistio outfaura) ftra


jjlji fawttr*

look, hope;

omen, auspice, sign

Juli

Tj5

invoioe, bill

to teil fortunes, predict the future

K^J Uli
jlji

al-fatikn, ftl-vaUkn the

Vatican

JjLu

taf'td

optimism

/u'd pl. Soul o/'tdo hoart


<ijij*

JjUi> muiaf'tl optimistic; Optimist

fu'diya

"Fuad oap", summer

^pJU (Fr. vaUe) vaU walte


r*j) li ftgaj a aweet

field-oap of the

Egyptian Air Force (1930)


)

made of flour and honey


Boft

jli fa'r (coli.; n.

un.

pl.

Mjifi'rn mouse;

^jjJli fl4aji
fltfaj

and flabby,

like

rat

jU

fr (ooll.; n. un. ) pl. f ^vi firn rat

mouse;

f lli
jti

jTm group
fa-inna see
fl

(of people)

<Ji

/a
pl. -* flannel;

SjU fra

(=

!jt fa'ra)

mouse;

(pl. -t)

plane (tool)

iLi

fanea and

*^Jli

under-

shirt; pl.

o^Uli fanei underwear, under-

^jli

/<5rw" Persia, also

^jli j"^

olothing

^-jli /<5rwt Persian; a Peraian


jjjli frz turquoise
,>JjlJ fazlin, vazlin vaseline

^y

li

fns

pl. ,^-iJ

ly fawnis1 lantem

^y

li

ifjj? (aihri) laterna


(slide)

magioa, magic lantem;

projeetor
-St

fi'a

pl.

group,
(

olaas;

troop, band,

^\i

fa'a

f.,

pl.

^jji

/u'fi*.

y\

o/*tw ax,

party ;

platoon

of light

arms ; Syr.

hatohet; hoe

mtl.); rate (of taxation), (tax) bracket;

tax, rate, fee; price

jjjli f&ivariqa pl. jjjjy /oiwJrtg8 faotory


1

cr-li

/d*1 Fez or Fe (city in Morocco) fdsutl fasoist(ic) ; a fasoist

plant

lli

J*jli

Atyi?

(=

^j-iTti)

see

Ji-i

LIili fHstiya fascism


^lli

j\ji fabryir February


iJjU fdbrih?
(pl.) factories,

fascist(ic);

a faseit

plante

i-ili

fHya fasciBm

CJ

fatta
(

1* (fati)
|

to weaken, undermine, sap

J-Hrli /dtotf fasoist(io); a fascist

s.th.)

#-t*L

or i-i*

c-i

fa^udiAf)
Btrength,

to

weaken
(a

s.o.,

aap
s.o.

s.o. 's

U_^li faliy

(eg.-ayr.)

common European
bot.)

discourage, enervate
fritter
s.th.);

II to

crumble,

bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L. ;


tili

to divido
|

into small

fa'fa'a to

atammer, stutter
pl.

fragments (*

s.th.)

(iLS^I) UiJI

c^u

(gota) heartbreaking,

heart-rendmg V to

jjTli (Fr. wagon) fkOn


(railroad) oar,

^"L>* fawfn*

orumble, disintegrate, break

up

into frag-

ooach

ments VII

<j fatta a kind of bread eoup

of

fath

opening; introduction, com[


I

oUi
C^J

futdt
faitt

crumba, moraels

mencement, beginning ap*V wa opening

credit, presentation of

letter

of

crumbB, crumbled bread


credit;

(pl.

^yi

fvth, *l*\+-yi fuiht)


pl.

4icj fatita

a kind of bread soup


'Ji

conquest; victory, triumph;

oUp
(for

tii

fata'a

a and

fatta a (with negation)


(* s-.th.); *Ji fati'a

alma ;

donatione,

contributions

not to cease to be
(cJ
/o/')

ztviya; Tun.)
<ii

to desist, refrain (j* from),

fatha the vowel point


pl.

a (gram.)

cease

(j*

doing
|

B.th.),

stop (j*

B.th.,

**d futha

rci futah, -t opening,

doing

e.th.)

J*i> ^i

U not

to cease

aperture, breach, gap, hole; sluice


*-Ui

doing, do incessantly
fattdh

opener

(of

the gatea of

cj fataha

(fath)

to open (* B.th.); to turn

profit,

of Bustenanee; one of the attri-

on
(*

(* a fauoet); to

switch on, turn on


(* a canal); to

butes of God)
4*-Ui fattha pl. -t

an apparatua); to dig
(*

can opener
maftih*

build

road)

to

open,

preface,
-Ui.
(to

introduce, begin (* B.th.); to conquer,

mifth

pl.

jytt-

key

capture
(*

(*

s.th.)

to

reveal,

disolose

a door, of a keyboard, eep. that of &


(e/.,

J* to

s.o. s.th.);

to grant victory or

piano); switch
(of a vehicle); (of a
!

railroad); lever, pedal

Buccess (a

Ja to

s.o.

over or in s.th.;
(Ja)

knob (on a

radio); stop
(of a

of God), give into


s.th.;

s.o.'b

power

(*

wind Instrument); valve

trum-

of God);

to open the gates (of

pf) P6^' V m

(f a stringed instrument)

profit)

(Ja to
inspire,

b.o.;

of God); to infuse,
(<*>

^ytUi. mifthji (railroad) switchman


*\Ju muftaha opening of a oonversa-

imbue.
with;

endow
(*

or * Ja

s.o.

of God);

(gram.)

to

pronounoe
tion
|

with the vowel a


C-iJl

oonsonant)
fortunea; si
r-

wa
wide,

(bakta)

to

teil

iftith

opening

inauguration
|

l^*J Ja v-*
eyes

{'ainaihi)

to open one's
;

introduction,

beginning

^lialM

*U

stare

wide-eyed

<^-i)i

=J

lailat al-ift. premiere,

opening night

(iahlyata) to stimulate the appetite II to

^bl

ifttthi

opening, introduotory,

open

{* s.th.); (of a flower) to


first

open
(
(

III

to

preliminary,

prefatory ,
_^-U=il
|
t

proemial ;
J_-

in-

address

( s.o.), speak flrst

to

s.o.)

augurational

(mablag)

to open the oonversation or talk


s.o.

with

opening bid, lowest bid (at auctions);

about); to disolose (* or
let a.o.
()

^-

to s.o.

B.th.),

in

on

B.th. (*

or

<*>)

,ybjl (JUu or) J*J S^bl <JUu (maqla)


artiole,

(fapl,

maql) and

editorial, leading

to open, open up, unfold


B.th.

(intr.);

to

leader;

l^Uiii

(laila)

pre-

be opened (ja bo that


ceptible) ; (heart)
(intr.);

beoomes per-

miere, opening night


*- bjl
iftithlya
editorial,

to

be

open,

be reaponsive

leading

VII to open, open up, unfold


to

artiole, leader;
r-liii^l

overture (mus.)
start, beginning,

be

opened

Till

to

open,
istifth

inaugurate (* begin

s.th.); to introduce, preface,

oom-

(^ *
(*

s.th.
s.th.)
;

with);

to

conquer,
Start,

mencement, inception, incipienoe; earneet


money, handsei
f\i ftih opener; beginner; oonqueror,

capture

to

begin,

commence
of

(* B.th.)

to Beek the assistanoe

God (Ja

against), implore

God

for

victor; light (oolor)

viotory (Ja over)

J*J\ f\j f. al-bafct | fortuneteller; ^Li jjjl light-blue

694,

Uli

ftiha

pl.

\ji

fautih*

Btart,

jji

futr lassitude, languor, liatless-

opening, beginning, oommenoement, in*


oeption, inoipienee; introduotion, prefaoe,

neos, alaoknesB, laxity, alaokening, flag-

ging; tepidity
J\i ftir languid, weak, feeble, litleas,
Black, looee, flabby ; dull, liatleu,

preamble, proem

*UJ1 or .-Is!

**

name

of the

first

sura

stagnant

j-y.

mafth

opened,

open

<->Lll

(stock exchange) ; tepid,

lukewarm

vLr-*
miJu
aperitif

door J* rJ^** (mvrd*a*At) the

is

JJc* mutafattir intermittent


Kjjj\i pl. j\ji look

wide open

up

alphabetically

mufatiih

appetizing ;

(pl.

-t)

^i

to examine (thoroughly), Borutinize,

aearch, investigate, explore (* B.th.); to


r-"-- mu/tata Btart, beginning, oom-

look,

Bearoh

(*

into B.th.); to inquire


[jt-

meno3ment,
anguration
'j3 fatara

inoeption,

opening,

in*

(j about, alter), look, searoh

for);

to Bupervise, superintend, oontrol, inspeot


fvtr) to abate, subside;

u (j^i

(J* or
tion

*,

b.o., B.th.);

to be in Charge,

to

beoome
tepid,

listless,

become

languid,

exercise Buperviaion, oontrol, or inapeo(

languish, flag, Blaoken; to cool off, be-

of) fatUti

become lukewarm (water); to slaoken, flag, beoome lax, become

oome

^Jbj

thorough

examiner,

in-

vestigator, explorer, researcher

remiss, let

up

(^

in) II to

oause (*

B.th.)

^jiJu taftU
tion,

pl.

^IZ

laft*

examinain-

to Bubaide, abate, allay, mitigate, ease,

Bcrutiny,

searohing,

searoh;

soothe {* s.th.); to
listless,

make

languid,

make
tepid

vestigation;

inquiry, rese&rch,

explora-

exhaust, alacken. weaken, aap,

tion; Buperviaion, superintendenoe, oontrol,

enfeeble (*,
(*

b.o., B.th.);

to

make

charge; inspeotion; sorvey, review;

water)

IT to

make

languid,

make
liat-

Controlling

body,

board of

oontrol;

liatless,

exhaust, Blacken, weaken, aap,

inquiaition; oircle of irrigation, irrigation


diatrict, also

enfeeble (*,
less,

b.o., B.th.)

T to beoome

^J\

J^X

t.

sr-fty^?.)
|

beoome languid, languish, flag, Blaoken; to beoome tepid, beoome lukewarm


(water)

gy*

^J-cJu (jawwi) aerial inapection"-^.

\-

tafti

investigational,

investi-

gatory, examining, examinatory

Ji

fitr

pl.

jbjl aftr Bmall

Bpan (the

Bpace between the end of the

and the end of the


extended); corner

thumb index finger when

JSJu mufattii inspector, Supervisor ^jkj JSJu {baifari) veterinary inspector


|

(Eg.);

&J\

J&k*

m.

arriy irrigation

inspector (Eg.)

IJi fatra laasitude, languor, liatlessness,


Blaokness, weakness, feeblenew, debility;
tepidity,
feeling)
;

mufattiHya mspectorate
c^ci fatfata to speak aearetly
fritter,

indifferenoe,

coolness

(of

(Jl

to);

to

Ji

(pl. fatarSt)

interval of time,
|

crumble

(* B.th., esp. bread)

intermisfiion, pause; period, spell, while

'jkb fatfta pl. c-tUi fatflP


raorsel (esp. of bread)

oromb,

JUujVI

trarudtion

period;

*Ji

Cr*

jj^-lj (ua-uJTd)

now and then, from time


-U*

to

time;

~*JJd\

jll

at oertain

ja

fataqa

(fatq)

to undo the sewiiig { of

intervala,

now and

then,

off

and on,

s.th., e.g.,

of a garment), unsew, unstitoh,


slit

once in a while

rip, rip

open, tear apart, rend, slasb,

0=

open

(* a.th.)

^ill

ja

(dihna) to
0.0.

make
to see

ibi! aftak* deadlier,


*ilj

more destruotive
fxdtdk
asaasain,

s.o. see

h way

clear,

cause

thinga in their true Ught;

gJ Sjj^l

ftik

pl.

ijhi

J-I

(hxlata) neoeasity ia
*J

murderer, the mother of

killer

invention ; iL-

c- futiqat lah hilaiun


II

Ja

fatala

(fatl)

to twist together, twine,

a ruae came to his nnd


unstitch, rip, tear, eto.

to unsew,
I;

entwine, plait, throw (* a.th.); to apin


(*
s.th.)
II

(=

a.th.)
<e.g.,

to

twiat,

twine,
a.th.);

wreathe,
to aplioe

to be unsewn, be

unatitched

wind, weave, plait (*

a garment), be ripped open,


apart, be rent, be alaahed, be to bring forth,

be
alit

tom
open
to

{* a rope) V to be twisted, be twined, be plaited, be woven, be wound VII = V;

produce (j*
deviae (js

a.th.);
s.th.,

to turn on one's heel

and

leave, turn

hatoh,

contrive,

flg.,

away (^

from)
|

of the nnd) VII to be unsewn, be unBtitched


(e.g.,

V UI

<> Jii to Blip

out the door

a garment),

bo

ripped

open, be torn apart, be rent, be slashed,

a
iUiJI

faa

(n. vic.)

twist(ing), twining,
fital)

be

alit

open; to bring forth,

produce

plaiting; (eg.; pl.

Ja
to

thread
off,

r-

(* S.th.)

(Samma'a)
it

make

make a

getaway, beat

Ja
in

faiq pl.

Jyi futq

rip, rent, tear,

cleft, crack, fiaaure, slit, alash

J-ii
;

fatil

twisted,

twined,

entwined,
coiled;

hole

<e.g. t
|

a stocking);

plaited, wreathed,

wound, woven,
fat'il
2 )

hernia, rupture (med.)

(pl.

-df,

JJlii

Jii'tj

v^** (mu$b) afflicted with hernia; person auffering from hernia


Jlii fitg hernia,

wick;

ganze
|

tampon;

fuae,

slow match, match cord


it is

^r* J*d V (yugni)


rupture (med.)
ripped,
(,> to s.o.),
bit, it ian't

of no uee at

all

J-a
open,

fatiq
alit,

unatitched,

ripped
(yujdi)

rent, torn; sharp

it won't help him (<*) a worth a farthing; ^L ^o* V ^L ^lu V

Jji* maftq unatitched, ripped, ripped

iUi fata

pl.

-t,

Jj'la

fatiP wick;

open,
hernia
ii*

alit,

rent,

torn ;

afflicted

with

filament of a light bulb


Jlii fattl

ropemaker, cordmaker

fataka

i
(

(fatk) to asaasainate,

murder,

6y* maftiU atrapping, aturdy, huaky;


(watch) tower (Nejd)
lar,
|

slay,
(1^

kill

a.o.),

deetroy,

annihilate

o*LJl

JyU. muacu-

s.th.);
s.o.)
|

to attack auddenly, assault


4j

brawny, strong, husky, burly

(v

Lujj iC

^ila

(fatlcan

dar Van)

to cut

Ji fatana i (fatn,

off,

deatroy, wipe out, eradicate,


(J*

futn) to turn

away

s.o.

extirpate, ezterminate s.o.; to decimate,

from); to subject to temptations

thin

the ranka of

or triala, seduce, tempt, entice, allure,

(esp.,

said of a

beguile

disease)

a.o.);

to

enamor,

charm,

enchant, oaptivate, enthrall, enrapture,

il fatk assaasination,
atruction, annihilation

murder; de-

fascinate, infatuate
(fatn)

s.o.);

fatana
s.o.);

to torture,

torment

to

*a fatka
havoc
illsi

pl.

-t

devaatation, ravage,

denounoe (J*
a.o.)
;

s.o.),

paaa.

jxUina

to be charmed,
(<_>

inform (J* againat be


by),

enraptured, be infatuated
fattk deadly, lethal,

be

murderoua;

enamored (^
to be crazy

of),

be in love

(*-

with);
(

of dieaBtrouseffect, wreakinghavoo

(v on )

(^

over), be like

mad

J*
after)

696

IV to enamor, oharm, enchant,


to
aubject

s.o. in,

about), ask

s.o.'s {*)

opinion (j

captivate, enthrall, enrapture, faaoinate,

about)
Ji fatan pl.

infatuate

s.o.)

VIII

to

OUi fityn,

"<

ya

youth,
slave;

temptations

(* s.o.);

to be charmed, be
act.

adolescent, juvenile,

young man;

tempted,

be

infatuated ;

iftakma

hero

pl.

young

people,

adolescent,

and

pass. uftutina: to

be aubjected to

juveniles
i\si

temptations,

be lead

from the
futina

right fatOh pl.


girl

course; pass. uftutina

oU fatayt young woman.

(young)
Kzifitna pl. tfi fitan temptation, trial;

charm, charmingness, attractiveneas; enohantment, captivation, faecination, enticement,

Isi

fat*

youth, adolesoence

youthful, juvenile, adolescent, J fatiy

temptation ; infatuation ;

in-

young

trigue; sedition, not, disoord, dissenion,


civil strife

lp

fatiya youtbfulness, juvenility


pl.

j^ fatw
bi
fattn

jUi fatawin, jjla fatw


{Ist.

fascinating,

captivating,

futwa, formal legal opinion

Law)

enohanting, cbarming; tempter, Beducer;


donunoiator, informer, slanderer

Ui
jii

fuly formal legal opinion (Ul. Law)

more attraoJ\ aftan* more charming,


tive,

futwa youth,

adoleacenoe;

the

more

delightful

totality of the noble, chivalrous qualities

of a

man, noble

xuaaliness,

magnanimity,
chivalry;

^Li. maftin*

oharming

qualities

generosity,

nobleheartedneBS,

charms; magic powere

designation of Islamio brotherhoods of


fawtin* tempting,

JU
ing,

ftin pl.

Jly

the Middle Ages, governed by chivalrous


preoepts;

alluring, seduotive, fascinating, oaptivat-

name of

several youth organi-t)

enohanting,

oharming;

tempter,

zations in Arabio oountries; (eg.; pl.


bully, brawler,

seducer
yLt

rowdy, tough; racketeer

infatuated, enraptured,

maftn fasoinated, captivated, oharmed (.-j by);


(.-

[eg.)

,bi\

ift'

deliverance

of formal legal
(Isl.

enamored

of),

in

love

(v

with);

opinions (Ul. Law); office of mufti

madman, maniao
(_^i

Law); deliverance of formal opinions,


advising, advice, oounseling
(>fc

and

Ji) Ji fatiya a

fat*)

to be
.

youthful, young, adolescent IV to give a

'.->J istijta
(Isl.

formal legal opinion

to

s.o.

in or

opinion

request for a formal legal Law); Consulting, consul-

regarding; Ul. Law); to furnish

(, s.o.)

tation; referendum, plebUcite, bIbo bb-l

with Information
set forth (j

(j

about),

expound,

^1
C-i*
legal

ist.

aS-Sa'b

and

,\?Je>\

(ia'bl)

to s.o. s.th.); to deliver

an

muftin
opinionB

pl. -fln deliverer


(Isl.

of formal
ex-

opinion
opinion

(j about),
(*_>

decide

by a

legal

Law);

offlcial
|

for or in favor of s.th.), State

pounder of Islamio law, mufti


*is*tt (misriya) JAll
!U-lr*

jUaN Ji*

as a (legal) opinion (l that)


(. a.o.)

X
(

to aak

for a formal legal opinion


Ist.

in or

samhat

Grand Mufti of Egypt; al-m. (title of a

regarding;

Law); to ask
(j of

( s.o.) for

mufti) His
tii

Eminence tbe Mufti


faf) to quench,
flg.)
still

formal opinion

about), request Inabout), seek s.o.'s


*

formation
()

s.o.

faia'a

(#

(* s.th.,

oouneel (j in, about), oonult (j

hunger, thirst, also

697

fajja

(fajj)

-U-j ^i (rijlaihi) to straddle

(<^>

with); to descend suddenly, break in,


in,

IT to

stride,

hurry

rush

swoop down (Jp upon)


dawn,
daybreak,

# /a;; pl.

^li

^;a*j
|

way, road between

ji
start;

fajr

morning

two mountains

j-^ * JT j* or j-

twight;
(f.)

dawn

(flg.),

beginning, outset,
(Isl.

V>*j 2* JT (uo-iauMn) &om all Bides, from all directions, from everywhere
gifijj unripe, green (fruit); blunt,

morning prayer

Law)

jjL

fujr immorality, iniquity, depdissolution,

rde

ravation,

debauchery,
dissolute

li-

(speech)

centiousness,
fornication,

profligacy,

life,

whoredom

faja*a

and
Li

*Jl

faji'a

(*i

faj',

sti

fafa,

fuj'a)

and

III

to
(

come upon

j*J tafajjur outbreak, outburst, eruption


jImjuI
infijr
pl.

suddenly, descend unexpectedly


s.o.),

confront

( s.o.)

suddenly or un-

-dt

outbreak, out|

expectedly,
surprise
( B.O.)
(<_*

take

s.o.)

by

surprise,

burst, emption; explosion, detonation

s.o.

with), attaok, assail

jUuu'Vt *\j*
if jUkil

mawdd
infijri

al-inf.

explosives
blasting

explosive,

ti

fafatan

suddenly,

unexpectedly,

(adj.)

iuadvertently, unawares

^Li
Li fuj'atan suddenly, unexpectedly,

fjir

pl.

jli fujjr, l- fajara


t

libertine,

profligate,

debanchee,

rou,

iuadvertently, unawares

rake; adulterer;

liar; insolent,

im pudent,

jLi
prising

fuj'%

sudden,

unexpeoted, sur-

shameless, brazen
jr Li fjira pl.

j~ [y fawjir* adulteress

SU Li.
surprise

mufja'a

pl.

CjIVLL mufja't

whore, harlot
iz*

mutafajjir

explosive,

blasting

\yr Li
prising

/o*;*

sudden, unexpeoted,

but-

(adj.)
ii>

munfajir explosive, blasting

(adj.)

^y-U* mujji' sudden, unexpeoted, sur-

^i

faja'a
grief
s.o.);
(

a (faf) to

inflict

suffering ,and
distress
s.o.,
(

prising ;
surpriseB

pl.

c* ll- Li.

Burprising

e vents

upon

s.o.),

afflict,
(

to

make miserable
s.o.)
|

by
the

jX

fajara

(fajr)

to cleave, break up, dig

bereaving bim of
bi-waladihi

jJ^

fuji'a

up

(* e.g., the ground);

(jji

he

fujr)

was
II to
*

stricken

by

to act immorally, sin, live lioentiously, lead

death of his son

torment, torture,

dissolute
;

life,

indulge

in
II

de-

distress, grieve (*,

h.o., s.th.)

to be

bauchery

to

commit adultery
water,

or

to

become

painfully affected, be

men-

create an outlet or passage (* for water,

tally distressed

and the

like), let (*

and the

like)

** faj'a gluttony

flow or pour forth; to split, oleave (*


s.th.); to

Li

faj'a gluttony
f

explode

(* s.th.)

IT to commit

adultery

T to guh
off,

out, spurt forth, break

>* faj
distress ing

painful,

grievous, trying,

forth, break out, erupt, burst out

TU =

T; to go

discharge, burst; to burst

i*-i fajfa pl. ^JLi faj&i'* misfortune>

forth ; to explode, detonate ; to overflow

calamity, disaster

; ;

Ui- fafan voraoious, insatiable; glutton, ravenous eater

J.[i

in speech or action

jahMi obsoene, lewd, shameless |^Li Jt pornog-

uuu

tafajju'

agony, mental distress,

raphy
j*-\j

affliction, suffering, grief


jj-U

tafkui monstrosity,

abom-

inableneas
fdji*

painful,

grievous,

trying,

distressing
^o-li fji'a pl.
disaster,

^i^-U fhii monstrous; immoderate,

exoessive, exorbitant; absurd, prepos*

*jJy fawji** misfortune, oalamity; oatastrophe; drama,

terous, noneensioal; detestable, loath-

Bome,
mufajji't horrora, terrors

abominable, atrocious, repug-

tragedy

nant, disgusting; dirty, foul, vile, indeeent, obsoene; Bhameless,


ii-li

oLkju

impudent

j*Jb tafafana to eat greedily, ravenoualy,

j&hiia harlot, whore, prostitute;


er*-L>

be gluttonous

(pl-

fa%pdhiP) monstrosity,
vile deed, orime;

abomination, atrocity,

oj- fafana gluttony ii


/aj/aj

adultery, fornication,

whoredom

garrulous, loquacious; thought-

LinU mufhiSa harlot, whore

iesa cbatterer,

windbag;braggart,boaster,

swaggerer

u*i
garruloua,

AJJ-

fajfj

loquacious

ground); to examine
cally,

fahata a (fah?) to soratch up {* the ( s.o., also medi-

s.th.),

test {*,

s.o.,

s.th.),

thoughtless cbatterer, windbag; braggart,


boaster, swaggerer

investigate (* s.th.), sorntinize


s.th.);

(*, s.o.,

to search (j* for), inquire (jp


s.th.),

Ji

fvjl (coli.; n. un.

i)

pl.
;

Jj*

fujl radish

about, into

eeek information
for),

{jt-

(Baphanus sativus L.
(ji) Li faj u
{fajxo)
pl.

bot.)

about)

V to
to

searoh (jp
s.th.),

inquire

(&
(jt-

about, into
to open (* a door)

seek information
(*
s.th.,

about);

examine

s.o.,

iji fajwa

fajawOt,

*U Jl#T

opening,

medically)
^fsi- fahf pl. ^j*j* /tty test; examination (in general, school, medical);

apertore, breaoh, gap, interstice; (horitontal)

tombstone

j fahha

(/oM, ^J- /aAJ) to hiss (snake),

(medical) oheckup; investigation, scrutiny; searoh, inquiry

wbistle (storm)

^j- fahuSa u (/uAJ) to be monstrous; to be exoessive, exorbitant to be de;

testable,

abominable,

atrocious,

ob-

^ji\ u/* pl. j^-lii afhtp* dugout hollow in the ground in whioh a bird lays its eggs, nesting place, breeding plaoe

soene,

indeeent, foul, shameless, im-

pudent IT to use obsoene language; to commit atrocities VI = I and IV


j-

Ai X to become
affair),

dreadful, terrible,
difftoult

moa.o.;

mentous, serious,

(J* for

ness,

atrooity;

fuhi monstroBity ; abominableobscenity, indecenoy;

to get out of oontrol,

exoessive,

become beoome irreparable (dam-

obsoene language
.Li*-

*ge)

fahS'*

monstrosity,
vile

abomicrime

Ji
male

fahl pl.

J>

fukl,

il> fuhla

uation,

atrocity,

deed,

(of large animals), stallion; out-

adultery, fornication,

whoredom

standing

personality,

luminary, star,

maater; a paragon

(of)

J^^Jl *l^Jl

cJi fafcata a (fa&t) to perforate, pieroe


(* s.th.)

{Wart)
ilji-

tho maater poets

fuhla exoellence, perfeotion


istifhdl

.Ui /atf, faki, fit4


of a tribe

f-> pl.

iUJl affrtf thigh;

jUit-l
bleneaa;

dreadfulneaa,
aeriouBneaa;

terridiffl-

leg (of mutton, etc.); (m.) aubdiviaion

gravity,

oulty
J**i-.

I-Uo /arfa leg (of mutton, etc.)

mustafhil dreadful, terrible;


ji*i

(S&J
fajcara

fakigi, fak4%

femoral
to

grave, aerioua; diffloult; overwhelming,

overpowerful, rampant, preading dangeroualy


ft-

(/ar, fajcar, jli fafedr)

glory (^
(l->

in),

boaat (^ of
(lj a.th.);
(_*

a.th.),

brag

of),

raunt

to pride o.a.

fahuma u Uji fuhm, ~<.ji fuhma) to be or beoome blaok; fahama a (fahm) to be dumfounded, nonpluaed,

(^ upon), be proud
(fafcar)

of);

/o&tra a
(^

to deapiae, diadain III to vie in

glory
pride
a.o.

(.

with

s.o.);

to be proud

of),

unable to answer
oharooal),

II to

blaoken (with
, s.o.,

o.a.

(^ upon), boaat (^
V
to

before

make

blaok (*

a.th.);

of)

be
I

proud,
faJpara

haughty
to
find

to ohar, carbonize, reduce to oharooal


(*
a.th.)

VI and VIII

IT to dumfound, nonplus,
( s.o.); to ailence (. a.o.)

(* a.th.) excellent
j*** fab r glory

strike

dumb

with argumenta; to put


bruaquely, give
a.o. ()

pride; honor; voin|

a.o.)

off

the bruah-off
')

glorioua poetry (aa a literary genre)

>i

ji.

faira fafcrin or

>J

Vj wa<Id

*i fahm
ooal(a) ;

(coli.; n.

un.

ohaiooal(a);
ooala.

/ara I aay thia without boasting


iSjl*i

pl.

oU^i
|

fuhmdt
pj>

branda of ooal
ooal,

fafcrl

&jf

(hajari) soft

honorary, honoris cauBa


glory, pride

bituminoua ooal;

_-U-

->

/.

hafab

ji* fidfra

oharooal; ^J\ ~i briquettea; iJ^T J(kk) ooke

jlij fakdr glory, pride

jjij
** fahma
JJJI ~*S
(pl. plif.

fajfr

rainglorioua,

boaatful,

pl.

fahamt lump of ooal


deep-blaok night;

al-lail

bragging; proud (^ of)


j*ifafclr boasting, bragging,

fihm, fji fuhm) blaokneaa

awagger-

ing, boaatful

lj

j- fahmi blaok, ooal -blaok

jU

faJfJfr (fired)

clay; earthenware,

fjlU-

fahim blaok

orockery, pottery

fahhm ooal merchant, ooal dealer;


miner

^jU fakkri potter'a, earthen


*j^*-li

potter

collier.
-*-U
jl_^JI

fSkra pottery, earthenware

fhim blaok
/.
j et

j-\i

jj-l

or

--Li

manufactory
tSJjt fjprl potter
y***\

as-aawd
-blaok
\jfi-

coal-black,

pitoh-

blaok,
jjt-

afkar 1

more splendid, more mag-

fahw or

fahw' % aenae, mean-

nifioent

ing, aignification, import ; purport, tenor


(of a letter, of a apeeoh, etc.)

IjiJu maffcara

pl.

^Lu

maf^ir* ob-

C* /** Pl-

jeot of pride, a.th. to boaat of ; glorioua

J****'

tra P' C-^* /****

deed, exploit, feat; glorioua trait or


qnality

; :

700

ij*-\Ju

mufkara boasting, bragging,

as-smi His Exoellenoy, the High


missioner
.^Ju
laflfim

Com-

vainglory, pride
_/-Uj'

tafkur boasting, b ragging, vain-

emphatio or velarized
|

glory jUuil iftikr pride, vainglory, boasting, bragging


j-\i

pronunoiation of a oonsonant (phon.)


~ijd\ ilT amputier (radio)
.^i-i-

tnufakkatn

honored

J j ji-

fkir proud, vainglorious, boast;

iJ*iJ.I

the emphatics (phon.)


(

ful,

bragging

outstanding, excellent,
Buperb, glo-

w-Ji

fadaha a (fadh) to oppresa, brden


s.o.),

first-rate, perfect, Bplendid,

weigh

(*

upon

s.o.)

to regard

rious, magnificent;

sumptuous, de luxe

(* a.th.) as

a heavy brden, as painful

^*lU. mufkir boastful, vainglorious,

Joi fadha oppressiveness, burdensomeneBa

proud
ji*zju

muflakir proud, vainglorious,


bragging;
firBt-rate,

~ji\

afdah*

more oppressive, more


Berious, heavier

boastful,
cellent,

outstanding,
perfect,

ex-

burdenBome, more
*oli

splendid,

jdih burdensome, oppressive;

Buperb, glorious,
tuous, de luxe

magnificent; sump-

grave, serious (mistake), heavy (Iobb),

bad (phyBical
-iU fdiha

defeot)
pl. jl_y

fakfaka to be boastful, vainglorious;

fawdih* mis-

to boast, brag

fortune, calamity
i-ji

UJti fakfaka ostentation, showiness,


pageantry,

pomp
(i.U fakma) to be stately,

fadaka a (fadk) to break, smash {*


s.th.)

*iJ fakuma

imposing, splendid, magnificent, grand


II to intensify (* s.th.); to honor, treat

ja* fadar pl. jjOi


jiJj

fwtr ohampis
Jiloi

fadfad

pl.

faddfid*

wasteland,

with respect
(*

s.o.),

show deference
emphatioally,
(.oi

traot of desert land, desert

to);

to

pronounoe
(*

make emphatio

a oonsonant)

fadama
aperture)

to seal

(*

the mouth, an

*^J jakm Btately, imposing, splendid,


*ii

fadm
;

sperb, magnificent, grand, grandiose

Speech
stupid

pl. *\ji fidm olumBy in heavy- witted, sluggish, dull,

i.Ui fakma Btatelinesa, imposingoeBB, imposing

appearance; Bplendor,
eminenoe,
high

magnificence,
title

rank

uoi II to fatten, Btall-feed (* s.th.)

of the head of a nonmonarchio

faddn
(pl.

pl.

^aU

faddln* yoke

state; title of honor given to

high-

of oxen;

uil

afdina)

feddan,

a
)

ranking foreign dignitaries, approx.


Highness, Exoellency,
"*}jji\

Square measure (Eg.


|

4200.833

i.Uuill i_-*-L*

jU fdin

pl. il_y

faw&din* plummet,

i.U

/.

ad-daula

title

of the Presi-

plumb bob
jui fad
i

dent of the Republio (Syr., Leb.); *-U


yjO)l
/.

^j

do. (Syr. t Leb.);


title
:

5-Ua

(fidan,
(<~>

loi

fid')

to redeem,

ar-ra'U

of a foreign head of

ransom

*, * a.o., a.th.
(<~>

with or by);

State, approx.

His Exoellency, the Pres/.

to sacrince
saorifice,

for s.o. a.th.) III to

ident; cfUl -W'-ii *-Uu

al-mu'tamad

offer

up

(v

s.th.)

TI

to

701

J>
uncommoD,
jliil

beware

(j*

of),

guard

(j*

against),

unuaual,

infrequent

pl.

get away, keep to

away

{,y or * from);

extraordinary people
brief

get rid ( J* or * of ) ; vent, obviate, avert, avoid

to

preor
*

(^

5&

fadlaka

summary,

r&um,

s.th.) VIII

I;

to obtain (* s.th.)
eise
{<->

sacrifioing
0.8. .

s.th.
o.s.

(i_j)

to

by redeem

Burvey, outline, abstraot, epitome


ji farra
i (farr, Jjfirr, jju mafarr) to flee, nin away, run oflF, escape (^ from)
|

ransom

with or by); to
Iju#I

free o.s.(^ from) l^piJlj


o.s. for s.o.

tosaorifioe

IjjU _y (hriban) to nee, take to one's

or s.th., risk or s.th.

Life

and prop-

heels IV to put

( b.o.)

to night VIII to

erty for
(^ai

s.o.

fidan,

jadan

redemption,
(with

ranfoll.

soming; ransom;
genit.:
s.o.
(lit.:

saorifioe

open up or part (j* so that s.th. becomes visible); to bare, show (j* the teeth when smiling), reveal (j* s.th.);
to shimmer, gleam
j\jfirr flight

for s.th.,
B.th.)
|

to save or liberabe

or

iiU

c-U-

(ju'iltu)
i.e.)

may

be made your ransom,


^Ji

oh,

could I but aacrifice myself for

jl^ furr:
(firruh)

j\ji tL* 'atnuAfl

furruh

you!
for

J,

oL.

his

(wafan)

he

died

outward

appearanoe

his

country
pl. oL-ii fidaydt,

bespeaks his inner worth; you need


only
look at

him to know what

to

iJi fidya

^ oi

fidan

think of him
j\ji

ransom; redemption (from the Omission


of certain religious duties, by a material

farrr

fugitive,

runaway,

ea-

donation or a ritual act;


fid*
;

Isl.

Law)

caped; a fugitive, a runaway; deserter,


defector; quioksilver, mercuxy

lii

redemption,
(one (one

ransoming;
to

ransom
#la

price

haa

pay

*j_j furrira teetotum

(eg.)

for

s.th.), sacrifice

makes
for it

for s.th.)
|

Ju
j\i

mafarr

flight,

escape

/.V

^i

JS*

J- (fidd'ah) he

sacrificed

(mafarra) unavoidable, inevitable


frr pl. -fin,
l_,li

or gave

up everything
one who

frra fugitive,

ijlii fid'i

saorifices bimself

fleeing; a fugitive

(esp., for his oountry); esp. pl. jJ\ji

Ty fara*

pl. I^il afr'

wild aas, onager


[

fighters

who

risk their lives reckleasly,

soldiere
lives;

prepared
fedayeen,

to

sacrifice

their

*\ji far'
Ijjll

commandos,

shook

Jj*- Iwllu

troops (Eg.)

are all
spirit of self-sacrifice

j .ujl JT waidi fl jaufi l-f. there kinds of game in the belly of


b.o.

wild aas, onager

the wild aas (proverbially of

or

*-jU fid'lya
bli.
jli

s.th.

that combines

all

good

qualities

mufdh

saorifioe

and advantages and makes everything


eise dispensable) lil>
self-

fddin redeemer

(joi*

mafdiy (prop., object of

(Fr. frac) firh, frh pl. -dt swallow-

sacrifice) following the

name

of a king,
'ari,

tailed coat, fll dress, tails


ilj|>

also

after

jt, wafan, J.^


:

and

faraula (from

It. fragola)

strawberry

the like, approx.


i*

dearly beloved, dear

(ff.)

t<44
only,

pl- Jl-l

afd4, ij fudd alone,


Single;

^Ijill al-furt the

Euphrates; >\j sweet

sole,

Singular,

unique;

(water)

702

~&4j

/''

c1m P' buckle


{farj)

(eg.)

-yi. mafraj pl. jLu tna/4rj" lief,


relaxation; denouement,

happy ending

rji faraja
(

and

II to open, part,

separate,
B.th.),

cleave,

Bplit,

gap,

breaoh

breach

make an opening, gap or in); to dispel, drive away


;

r\J\ ilr&j freeing, liberation; rolease (js of s.o., of B.th.), nnblocking (j


e.g.,

of assets), deoontrol (j* e.g., of

( B.th., e.g., grief, worries)

to comfort,

rationed foodstuffB, eto.)

solace, relieve (js a.o.) II to

show ( J
(j

. J

tafarruj

inspection,

riewing,

to a.o. B.th.) IV to leave


to
free,

(,js

a plaoe);
b.o.),

regarding; watching, Observation

liberate,

Bet

free

r'^l
-jiu

infirij relaxedneas, relaxation

release (js s.o., B.th.)

to be opened,

be Beparated,
part,
divido,

be

cleft,

be

split;
(e.g.,

to

move
let

apart
b.o.

mulatarrij pl. -fln viewer, watcher, observer, spectator, onlooker

crowd bo as to
dispelled
(grief,
(

paas); to be

Borrow);

to

derive

open; relaxed; gay, merry

rjk^ munfarij opened wide, widoir^-* ij'J


|

or J from the Bight of), take pleasure, delight (j or J in

comfort

(liwiya) obtuBe angle (.geom.)

looking at); to regard, view, observe, watch, inspect (J s.o., B.th.), look B.th.) VII to be opened, (J. at s.o., at be Beparated, be cleft, be Bplit; to

jU-y

firjr

oompass, dividere

ju*. J firjaun

ourryoomb, brosh

-J

jariha

open or part widely, widen, diverge,


split

delighted,

a (/oroA) to be glad, happy rejoice (J, ij ') be 8 a7oheerful


(J,

so

that

open, gape, yawn; to open (j becomeB rieible); to B.th.


reveal

merry,
II

b<> ut >

0Ter )

to gladden, delight, cheer, exhilarate,


( a.o.)

Bhow,

{&

B.th.);

to

relax,

make merry, happy, gay

become relaxed (features; crisis); to be dispelled, be driven away (grief, sorrow) to become gay
;

/oroA joy, gladnesa, glee, gaiety, mirth, exhilaration, merrihilarity,

-j

ment, happiness; wedding;

pl. r^j*^ /*
fes-

EJi

/orj

pl.

j>

turij

opening,

r&h feast of rejoioing, oelebration,


tival, festivity;

aperture. gap, breach;

pudendnm of

wedding

(feast)
hall,

<jj
ball-

-lyVI radhat

al-a.

banquet

the female. Vulva

room
*f*_^

-y
sorrow,

faraj

freedom

release

from grief or from suffering; joy;

farha joy

relaxation ; relief, eaae, repose, pleaaure,

-J jarih
jUji

merry, gay, oheerful, joyful,

comfort; happy ending


i^ji

glad, delighted,
/ariit*

happy
merry, gay, oheerful,

Im ja

Btate of happineB (esp.

after suffering); pleasure, delight;

joyful, glad, delighted,

happy
of rejoioing,

(pl. ^y) opening, aperture, gap, breaoh, hole; onlooking, watching, inspection,

Li* mo/4rV
joyons eventa

feaate

viewing; Bight, Bpeotaole


-jji /orr) (ooU.; n. nn.
/arorlj* chick,
!)

tj&
pl.

tajrik exhilaration,

amueement
oheerful,

,JJ

_,li

ftrik

merry,

gay,

young ohioken,
/<""'

pullet

joyful, glad, del'ghted,

happy
oheering,

jrJj
poulterer

(ff-)

ller

f ohieken,

rju mu/rtA

gladdening,

exhilarating, joyoua, delightful

703

ji

II

to

have

young ones
;

(bird);

to

lonely;

Singular,

unique,

matchless,
;

hatch (said of eggs)


(a
s.th.);

to hatch, incubate

unrivaled, peerleas,

incomparable

one,

to germinate,

aprout,

put

a Single one, a Single thing, a Single


person, individual; odd, uneven (number)
J>)l epithet of the

out new shoots (of a tree) ; to spread, gain ground IV to have young ones
(bird)j

to

hatch

(said

of eggs);

to

month of Rajab; (pl. dji fird) one, one of a oouple, one of a


pair; (pl.

hatch, inoubate (a a.th.) ; to germinate,


sprout,
tree)
|

put
*,j

out

new shoots

(of

jjy /urd,

Singular (gram.)

jy jurda) pistol; by by (fardan)


|

yl

(rau'uA) fear

left

Mm
tJ
t'j*

singly, separately,

one by one, one at a

time, one after the other

/ r t Pl-

tJ
[

a/fd *

t>J

luri*'
bird;
|

"j> tarda one part, one


pair

half,

fi ri b<

uU-y

one of a

firlfn

young

shoot, spout (of a plant, of a tree)

Jjj r\j

varaq

(tg.)

sheet of paper

&ji

fardi Single, solitary; Single-

(in

Compounds);
**j> tarka pl- ^}jifi'k

pertaining
(in

to

Single

young female
(eg.)

person; one-man
(adj.);

Compounds); solo
individual, per.

bird; hen

Lf

JJ

i*-ji

(rmf)

turkey

Singles

(tennia);

hen
!ra i C'j* /

sonal; individualiat; odd,


(P 1 -

uneven (num-

of

poultry, do-

ber)
*i*ji

mestio fowls
.j*i
.JiJl
lafrik

fardlya

individuality,

individ-

hatching, incubation
|

ualism

T incubator

by

/arid alone, lone, lonely, solitary;

jy

Singular,

unique,

matchless,

/arada and /aruda u (jjy /urd) to be Single, be alone; to be Singular, be

peerleas,
foll.

unrivaled,

incomparable;

(with
|

unique;

genit.) BBpecially
<jL

endowed with
kind

farada u (jj_^

/urd)

to

j^J

unique of

its

withdraw,

farada
eitend,
(*
s.th.)

retire, segregate (y. frorn);


i (eg.)

to spread, spread out,


(
s.th.);

Stretch

to

unfold

pearl,

*^ij farida pl. Ojly far'id1 precious precious gern, solitaire; (eg.)

IV to set aside, separate,


.

quire (of paper)

segregate, isolate (,

s.o.,

s.th.); to

bly lurdan
by one, one
other

singly, separately, one

Bingle out, assign especially


s.th. s.th. for),

(^ or J

at a time, one after the

devote (u or J . s.th. to to be alone; to do alone, perform singlehandedly (c_. s.th.); to


eise)

jjly furd

singly, separately,

one by

possess alone
less,

one, one at a time, one after the other

(i_.

s.th.);

to be match-

= V; to stand without parallel (j or ^ with or in s.th.); to withdraw, segrebe unique VII


be
alone,
gate,

iS-by tafridi detailed, itemized


*\jj\

infird solitude, loneneas, loneli|

ness; Isolation, seclusion

jlyiil

walk away (y. from); to be

J* alone,
jlyVI

isolated
s.th.)

(y

from)

apart, isolatedly, in solitude, in seclusion;


singly,

to find (,

s.o.,

by

O.8.;

confidentially ;

Singular, unique

or isolated;

to

iU-JL

(suiia)

autoeraey
individual;
individ-

isolate ( s.th., ehem.)

iS*\jiJ\

infirdi

t<"&

pl-

->l>l

afrd,

jjly jurdi

ualistic;

autoeratie; isolationiatic, tend-

alone, Single; sole, only; solitary, lone,

ing to isolation

V
>j*.

TM
mulrad
Single,

aolitary,

lone,

O jj

friza

oomma
JJU-UI
oljjjil

detached, isolated; (gram.) imple, oonsisting of only

olj^i. mu/rosl seoretions, excretions,


exudations (paynol.)
|

one word (expreaaion);

being in the Singular; Singu l ar {gram.); terms, (pl. -dt) vocable, word; pl. word,

(ddfciHya) internal secretions, endoorines

names, expressions (of a


detail
|

scientific fleld);

*J.j P 1 -

W~

>.J*'

J-.U-

ob>

ik&tta) teohnioal

terms, terminology; >>

by

'jjji, jjjli
O.S.,

alone,

and jjjj> look np alphabetioally

apart, singly, isolatedly, in sotude, in


seclusion, solitarily;
retail

')jil pl. ^jlil look

np

alphabetioally

olj^U.1 in detail; by
jj
II

lafanana to queen, beoome a queen

(of

a pawn;

in oheas)
pl. jrjlji

iji

muniarid
lone,

isolated, solitary,

detaohod,
alone;
solo

Beparated;

\jyflrzdn
ohess)
.j.ji

/anW* queen

(in

(adj.; alBO mu8.)

jarata

fjart)

to

kill,

tear (

ito

prey, of

lijifiria

(< <JJ

lurda) pl. ijfirad tax,

a predatory animal)
ingly,

to regard searoh(*,

head tax, poU tax


^jj^ill
al-firdaus
f.,

eye, sorutinize

s.o.,

pl.

^j

jarddi*

s.th.),

look finnly

(,

or

at s.o., at

Paradisa

s.th.);

to recogniie, deteot ( a quality,

j
_jj j firdauti paradifliacal, heavenly

in s.o.) VIII

I;

to ravish, rape (U a

woman) ^.j
f.

'}J faraza
separate,
secrete,

(/an)

and IV to
Uolate
(

aet apart,
s.th.);

/arai

m. and

f.,

pl.

_^JI
|

a/rdt

detach,
exorete,

to

horse, mare; knight (chess)

j-j

discharge

s.th.j

al-bahr hippopotamus;

uUJI

^j raoe

phytiol.); to sort, sift, olassify ( s.th.);

horse;

^^1

^yi\ Pegasus

(attrm.)

to examine (
s.th.),

s.th.),

soreen (,

s.o.,

muster
to

( s.o.);

to seleot, piok out


disoriminate,

\*\j jaraa borsemanship, equitation

(<

s.th.);

distinguish,

differentiate (,>. s.th. from)

oemment,

i~\J firdea perspioacity, acumen, disdisorimination, minute Obfor traits

servation; keen eye (eep.

of

farz

Beparation, detachment, Isoexoretion,

oharaoter)

intuitive

knowledge of human
al-f.

lation;

secretion,
sifting;

discharge;

nature
muster,
ojl

Jjill
f.

sorting,

mustering,

^ 'am
pl.

physiognomy;

ZJji

al-yad ohiromanoy, palmifltry

Screening, eiamination; selection, seleot-

ing

a* jj

Castorf) pre-induction

3_j

lariM

i^lji /ora'w" prey (of

examination (m.)
;}\ji farrdxa:

a wild animal)
"'j (SK)

O <

^jj
*~jj

jarrUi,
/urfiau

^.j

Pharisee

Separator, seed-soreening apparatus


ijji* majraza pl. jjLi> majrii' group,

horsemanship, equitation;

chivalry, knightbood

detachment, party, troop, band


j\j\
ijriz pl.

*^jj jurAya
tation;
ohivalry,

horsemanship,

equi-

knighthood; heroism,

-M

secretion, excretion,

valor

exudation, disoharge,expeotoration(j>y-

M.)

j\y\

t_ qitmal

i.

partition

in

^jli
inIris'

jria pl.

OL^i /ursn,

^.jlji

/*

Und

(/J.

Law)

honeman,

rider; knight, oavalier;

706
hero;
(lattu,
field,

o"S
J^j
jarri

pl.

cavalry

jloJI

Jj iL^i ^ c1
fleld

one

maidn) I

am

who

spreads

the

unfamiliar with this

am

not oompetent in this


pl. -t

carpete; servant, attendant; house servant, valet; ofHce boy, errand boy

jU friaa

horsewoman; mount-

(Ar** rnifrai pl. uJjU. mafrii> tableoloth,

ed female warrior, Amazon


,^-jU.

table

cover,

cover (in general);

muftaris
|

rapacious,

ravenoua

bedspread, counterpane
liji. mijrala pl.

(animal)

^JJi. o\j^- (hayawn) preda-

^jU. mafriP saddle


oovered

tory animal, beast of prey

blanket

V>JI

al-jwrt the Persians; Persia, also i-ju

crjji*
furnished;

mafri

with);

cAi.jy^ majriiit furniture,


effects

household

^jl /rw", also ^jl j^, Persia


jj-jli

frui Persian (adj. and n.)


Versailles

'tAy

u *o brush

( s.th.)
pl.

jL^i w'rjy
C"V /<**

HJ
brush
/.
|

jurSa
IjjjJI

J.J

furai brush; paint-

iiy powder puff; jb.1 iij

pl.

j-[y farnff a measure of

a#nn toothbrush
lliji jurih brush;
il-V

length, porasang

paintbrush

Ui,-> tursawyd Warsaw (capital of Poland)


l

luri&ya

(si/r.)

brush
straddle,

Jji

faraia u {jari,

J\j

spread out

( a.th.);

faraia u

firti) to spread,
i (farl)

j~V /<**< (iiy /arfaAo) to stand with one's legs apart

to pave, oover (* the ground, floor, path,

jAy
iui>

farlaka

^ZJ

jarlaha
pl. -i

room,

eto.,

floor, etc.,

v with) v with);

II to cover ( the

(It. forcina)

to fumish, provide

furttna

hairpin

with furniture (
s.th.)

s.th.); to tile,

pave

Vm to spread, spread out ( s.th.);


down, Stretch out, sprawl ( on to sleep (U with a woman)
|

t^-V II to

make

holidays

to

5->ji /ur(W pl.

lie

^j furaf opportunity,
moment;
briefly;

ohance,

s.th.);

auspioious
|

holidays,

*"LJ LT-r {lisnah) to give one's tongue


free rein

vacation
fbr a

^jjl

^ \_j, (fuwatan, zaman)


<^y

Short

time,

^\

uv

/<"''

Pl-

i/jji furi furnishing;

iintahaza) to seize the opportunity, avail o.s. or take advantage of the opportunity
i~u.ji

furniture,

household effeots; mat, rg, oarpet; anything spread on the ground


as bedding; foundation (arch.)

jarifa

pl.

^\J

farSip

flesh

<iy farSa bed; mattress

or musole beneath the shoulder-blades | e~u.ji or <*1\J o-WTjl (irla'adat) violent


fear or excitement seized

him

J^J
un.
)

fari wheel (of a null);

(coli.; n.

,j*ja

mu/arrif

holiday-maker, vaca.

moths; butterflies
(n.

tionist, tourist

i\J faraia
flighty, fickle

un.)

moth;

butterfly;

*\jfirtd mulberry; mulberry tree


^iji faraia
i (fard) to deoide, determine; to decree, Order, ordain (* s.th.); to appoint, assign, apportion, allocate (* J to s.o.

person
pl.

u-Li"

firU

Jj

junil, liji\ afriia

cushion, pillow; Wanket, oover, spread; mattress; bed

s.th.,

money, and the

like);

to impose,

J'J
enjoin,
B.th.),

706

make inoumbent
presoribe (

Je upon

b.o.

^Jljjl iftirfi hypothetio(al)

J* to

.o. B.th.);

to

^jli

frvf old,

advanoed in yean

impoae (jLJ-l a blookade, J on); to assume, presume, auppose, presuppose,


postulate (B.th., jl that)
(irdaiah)
II to
a.th.)
|

ijijj*

mafrQ4 Bupposed, aasumed, pre-

J* d\j\ ^jij
will

miaed;

pl.

cA^jy*

duties, obligations
s.o.);
b.o.'s
s.o.),

to foroe
(< a.th.),

one'a

on

s.o.

S,j famfa u to preoede


inadvertently, slip

to esoape

notoh

make

iuoisions ( in

(,>*

tongue; of
get lost (,>
(,>.

vm
(

to impose, enjoin,

make

in-

words); to esoape (,>

oumbent
(

J upon

s.o. B.th.),

prescribe

on
to

s.o.);
s.o.,

to

happen (inadvertently)
etc.); to
(

J to

b.o. B.th.);

to deoree, Order (
( B.th., jl that)

faux paa,
lax,

neglect (j

B.th.); to aasrune,

suppoae

B.th.),

be

be remias

j
|

with regard

^ij
decree,

fori

pl.

uijj fwv4

notoh, in-

to); to Btrip off ( fruits)


(sat'u)

.^1 t
lost it

Jji
tc

cision; duty, preoept, injunotion, Order,

he missed the thing,

ordinanoe,
;

command;
assumption,

religioua

leave, abandon, forsake, give

up

( s.o.,

duty (M. Law) statutory portion, lawful


share
(/#!.

J
(

or

s.th.),

renounoe, waive (j or
(.

Law);
Uill

suppo-

s.th.);

to Beparate

or

,je

from), part
B.th.),

sition, presuppoeition, premise, poetulate,

or y. with); to neglect (j

be

hypotheBis

oijj
(/!.

aMaAij

lax,

preBCribed forma of salutationB;


/.

'am

individual duty

Law);
;

^ ^j ^ij
, J
the
under...

be remias (j with regard to); to exceed the proper bounds, go too far,
be exceasive (j
(

in),

exaggerate, overdo
I

jliT oolleotive

duty

(/!.

aw)

j B.th.)

to waste, aquander (J a.th.)

V to

on the premiae of
assumption
Btanding that
....

...; \

^ij Je on
the

that...,

with

exceed the proper bounds, go too far, be exceasive (J in), exaggerate, overdo,

supposing that

abuae (j
loosened,

a.th.)

YII to be atripped

off,

be

jaril hypothetio(al), supposition-

al,

conjectural,

aaaumed without proof

become detaobed (,y from) to be diaaolved, diaaolve, break up


jfcjjie

^jjj\ ('aqduhum)

they broke up,

~<-ij fariiya hypotheBis

they parted Company, they diaaolved


lurwf
notoh,
J^ farf exceaa,

\Jj
incision;

funfa

pl.

immoderation, exagfoll.

opening, gap, crevice, crack;

geration;

(with

abstract

noun)

aeaport, river harbor, small port

town
religioua

hyper- (in Compounds)

\Jj janfa
duty
(/!.

pl.

^il\J jarSip
divine
(IA.
pl.
|

S,j faral
capital, eto.)
~<L\ji

(tg.)

intereat

(on

money,

Law);

preoept,

or-

dinanoe of
prayer
(/I.
.

God
Law);

Law); obligatory
distributive shares

luTfa Bmall cbange, ooins


tafrif

in estate

(M. Law)

J-

-">

^ijj

negligenoe, neglect

;um'a the obligatory divine Service on jji iavA !-/. the Friday {Id. Law);

^j

exceaa, ],\J\ t/rf

immoderation, exag-

geration
i,j\j firil elapsed, bygone, paat, last, e.g.,

"Koranio beira",

i.e.,

those entitled to a

statutory portion in estate aooording to

sura IV,
al-f.

12ff.

(/!.

Law); >ll>ll

'Um

ijlill o-VI fji


S,jAa

(t/aumal-ahad)\*stSund&y
prodigal, wasteful, squan-

law of desoent and distribution

mu/om(

j^IjSl iftiri assumption, suppoeition,


preeupposition, premiae,
pothesis
postulate,

dering;

waatrel,

spendthrift,

prodigal,

hy-

squanderer

iji. mu/rif exaggerated, exceasive

t>
>
faraga u and fariga a
fart$)

fJy

farfaha

to

make

broad,

brosden,

flatten (< s.th.)


jJ._,i.

(^,J

furg,

\J

mu/urJoA broad; flattened,

flat,

oblate; fat

and flabby, bloated


(jar',

to be empty, be void; to be vaoant; to be ezhauated, be used up; to be rid (,> of s.o.), be done, be finiahed
{j* with); to finiah, terminate, conclude,

>

fara'a a

yj

fw') to surpasa,
( g.o.)

outstrip

(.

s.o.);

to exoel

II to

wind up, finiah off, Bettle, oomplete, bring to an end (j* a.th.); to devote o.a.,
oloae,

put forth branohea, to branoh; to derive, deduoe (^ < s.th. from) V to branoh out,
ramify, beoome ramified, spread in
direotions;
all

apply
to

o.a.,

attend, tend (Jl or J to


o.a. (Jl

a.o.,
|

a.th.),

oooupy

or J with)

ij

iJ

Jl to collect one'a thoughta II to

to

divido,

fork,

bifuroate

(road, pipeline); to branoh off VIII to

empty, void, vacate, evacuate, diacharge ( a.th.); to unload (< a cargo); to pour
out (
a.th.)

deflower
ar J\> /
'

IV to empty, void, vacate,


a.th.);

pl-

f\sj fr*',

yl

o/ru* twig,

evacuate (
a.th. over,

to pour out

(J.

branoh, bough, limb, (alao

coli.)

branohea,
e.g.,

into); to unload (* s.th.,


|

twiga; derivative; asotion, subdiviaion;

from a ship)
a.th. (fig.);

Jli j
(. J>f

iyl (jJaJ)
or)

branch

offloe,

aubaidiary eetabliahment,
line, feeder line;

to

mold

.J^ i>l

branoh; branoh
wire, feed wire

branoh

(jahdah) to eiert

o.a.

to the utmoat,

'Um
i.e.,

td-f.

(ej.) j_^JI or j>JI y. | the dootrine of the branohea,

make every effort (j in), do one'a best V to be free from work, be unoocupied,
be
idle,

ing

applied fijh, applied ethios (conaistin the syatematio elaboration of

have
o.a. o.a.

leiaure;

to be free, dis-

engage

(Jl

or J for aome work),

canonioal law in Islam);

Uyj U^i Aw'un


with good oause,

ocoupy
devote
to)

eiclusively (Jl or J with),

wa-far'm with
juatly

fall right,

o.a.,

apply

o.a.,

to

empty
|

attend (Jl or J a bowl, and the


o.a.

like);

to vomit

J>ff ^fcj to exert

ifj* far'i branoh, gubsidiary, tributary,


b-, aide (in

to the utmoat,

make every

effort (j in),
(

oompounds); aubdivisional;

apply every ounoe of atrength


one'a best

to),

do

secondary

{J\

o/ra'*,

f.

.U>

jar''' tall, alender

l_j
jjj

/n{ empty, void; vaoant


farj
void,

jj tafarru' many-sidednesa, veraatility; (pl. -) ramiaoation; pl.

vaouity,

vaoanoy,
(J

econdary

vaouum, empty apace; gap; space


for
s.o.,

thinga, oonoomitant oiroumatanoea,

minor

for

a.th.);

eesaion

(of

thinga

faotora
Jjli /an" tall,
lofty,

towering; high-

whioh are not transferable as a property, but transferable aa a possesaion ; Iil. Law)
;

grown, alender, alim; beautiful, handaome, pretty J_,U _,li /. af-fOl tall, high|

leiaure,

sparethne

j-\ji fardji

vacuum

(adj.)

grown;

I.UJI

*jU

tall

and alender

J^i. mufarra ramified, branohing

^1*/^ muiafarri't aecondary thinga, oonoomitant aircumatanoea, minor faotora

voidneas, vaouity; vaoancy, unocoupiednesa; termination, eipiration, eihauation j^i\ j- j^j | /. of-fabr impatienoe
JO!

jji

furg emptineas,

o/raj* emptier
tat<*

jtji fir'aim'

pl.

4u\j jarSina Pharaoh

C?j2

emptying, vaoating, evao

uation; diacharge; unloading (of a oargo)

; ,-

c
c-ljil

708

/ftf

emptying, vacating, evao-

part, divido, sever, sunder {* B.th.); to

uation; pouring out


pi^ii-l
trti/fdtf

Btrew about, soatter, disperse (*

B.th.);

emptying,

voiding,

to

make a
b.o.

diatinction
differentiate

j ( jr.
(

best ween)

distinguiah,

j* j

between

vacating, evaouation; vomiting


fjli /<&"# pl. lj /urrd

empty, void;
buay,
idle,

from); to diBtribute (j or J* * s.th. to, among) ; to frighten, aoare, daunt,

y.

vacant;

unocoupied,

not

leiaurely; inane, vacuous, idle, useless;

terrify,

horrify ( b.o.)

-LJ

3j

farriq

Uuud divide and


III

rule! divide et
o.a.,

imperal
o.s.,

tare {com.)
target)

JjLJL in the void (of the

to

separate

disengage

in the

buUVeye;

jj-JI jlij

withdraw, depart
a.th.),

(*,

from
s.o.,

s.o.,

from
s.th.),

W-/. it-fabr impatiently


4^,

part

(*,

with

with

(question,

fjjju mafr minhu flnished, settled problem, and the like); exlike)

leave, quit (*, s.o., s.th.)

to be or
di-

beoome separated,
vided,
Boattered,

split,

disunited,

dispersed,

separate,

hausted (topio, and the

part, divide, soatter, disperse, dissolve,

fjtu

mufarrtf emptying; oreating a


|

break up
disunited,

TU to
{y|

be or beoome separated,
separate
o.a.,

vacuum

**>>*

'^ vacuum pump

divided,

dis-

fjkt mufarraQ emptied, vaoated, exhausted of air, vaouum (adj.); hollow


fjk* mufrag caet (in a mold)
{halqa)
|

engage
Till

o.s.

from), part (j*


JjIjU 3Ji\

with)

= T

1j4*

i$ar*iqa

qidadan) to split into


ttji l*oirole,
<Jj* fart l

many

parte or

groups, become divided


Separation, severance, sunder

seamless

ring;

vioious

oirculua vitiosua

anoe, division, partition; differentiation,


distinotion,

ijj

farfara to shake itself (of animals, eap.

disorimination ;
(pl.

parting (of

of a bird)

the hair);

3jj

furq) differenoe,

dissimilarity, distinotion; small change,

jj /ur/ur small bird


jjtj

ooins; pl.
facta,

oases similax with regard to


different
{Isl.

fwfr small bird

yet

aa

to

their

legal

*tjjj

farfri

implications

Law)

jj>i

fine porcelain
<3j fi*l

part. portion, division, seotion,

*jijfirfir purple, purpure

unit ; band, Company, party, detaohment,

Jij

farfaSa:

JiJ
{eg.)

{eg.)

to recover, piok

troop, group; herd, flock

up, revive

3j
ease, oomfort, oon-

faroq fear, fright, terror


fariq
fearful,

iji farfaSa

3J
**j*

timid,

timorous,

venience, leisure
j-jjfirfir purple,
jj* faraqa

cowardly, craven

purpure
li> furqn) to Beparate,

tW*

P*-

<Jj*

division, seotion, unit; band,

fi^ P41* Portion, Company,

{jarq,

party, detachment, troop, group; clasa; grade, olass (in sohool) ; pupils or students

part, divide, aever, eunder (* B.th.); to

make a
tween);

diatinction (jy between), diatin(

of a course;

troupe,

ensemble; team,
|

guish, differentiate, discriminate

jy be-

{farq) to

part (*the hair);

crew; division {m.)i sect


{ajnabiya)
<_*U-'l

jCp-^I #>ll
i^All

the
fifth

Foreign

Legion ;
~**Ju**

fariqa a {faroq) to be terrified, be dis-

the

column;

5/ (mu*

mayed; to be

afraid (j- of) II to separate,

faffaha)

armored

division ;

'jUmll

709

Jj
sion, dispereal, soattering; difierentiation,

(.LitVI

or)

/.

al-maU
firo

(or td-UfS) fire

department,
/.

brigade;

1-uVI

~j

distinction, discrimination; distribution

al-i'dm

firing

squad; i_;l_^J iy

^ilj
(com.)

in

detail; in portions;

by

retail

(uti'raUya)

show troupe, revue troupe;

*-j
/.

"j (mqtya) orchestrajj-.^.Sy maiq (military) band


aeparation,

jli,
farewell,

mujiraqa

Separation,

parting,
dif-

leave-taking,

departure;

fy /uro separatedne disunion


3>.j /<"*?
liyl
pl-

ferenoe, dissimilarity, distinotion

Jly

firq Separation, parting, farewell,

jjy
band,

/urity,

yl

o/rigo,

leave-taking, departure; difference, disBimilarity, distinction

afriqS'

oompany,

troop,

detachment, unit; party; faction; tam


a military and naval rank, approx.: lieutenant general (Eg.), vice admiral (%) J_,l i (aicwal) lieutenant
|

(sports);

3j*j

tafarrvq

Separation,

disunion,

division; dispersing, dispereal, soattering;

deployment

Aj

(in

tho

field;

m.)

goneral general

(7r.)i
(/r.)

U J;y

(fonm)

major

Jlj^il iftirq

Separation, disunion, divi-

sion
Jjli
friq

/arj very fearful, timid, timorous, oowardly, oraven ; Conatantinople

Jjy

distinguishing, difierential,

distinctive,
(pl.

discriminative,
jawriq')

separative;

jjly

Jjjli /rq very timorous; jjjLill he who distinguishes truth bin falsehood
(epithet of the

separating

or

distinctive factor; distinctive characterifltio,

criterion;

2nd Caliph, Omar)

difference,
|

distinotion,

dissimilarity,
{bu'di
/-/.)

disparity

jjU)l

iu

VJJ
field

trqiya "Faruk oap", winter cap of the Egyptian Air Force (1939)
1

in spite of the great differ-

ence
3ji* mufarriq
distributor,
retailer;

d\iji

furqn proof.evidence;

uli^ill

the

Koran
jjk, majraq, mafriq
pl.

mailman, postman
Jjli. ma/riq'

3ji* mu/arraq retail (adj.)


retail
tail

j^lll

j^U
re-

crossing, intereection, bifuroation, forking, fork, junction, interjunction;

merohant,

retailer;

3jil\j

by

road

fork,

highway
3jU\
ijju.

intereection,

crOBsroads,
j^ill
oj.

also

m. atfuruq;

sporadio;
[com.).

ma/raq or j^ill
(oity in

U;
|

J^a. mutafarriq dispereed, scattered; oli^. miscellany, sundries


misceUaneous items
crossing, intereection,

qal'at al-m.
_^i||

Mafrak

N Jordan)

J^i. mafriq

ai-ia'r parting (of the hair)

3J* muftaraq

bifuroation, forking, fork, junction, inter-

Ji^i" lafriq Separation, severance, sun-

junction; road fork, highway intereection,


croesroads, also

derance, partition, division; dispersion,


dispersa!,

3JJ\ JjCi. m. aHuruq

scattering;

differentiation,

distinction, discrimination ; distribution;


pl.

'"ijjli pl. Jijlji look


''s3!/'

up

alphabetically

jjjL; tajrlq' Single, separate parts,


|

dctached sections
portions;
>ijj

'ok up alphabetically look up alphabetically

Jj^JI; in detail; in
\j*'
severance,
|

by

retail (com.)

P'' *jLl

tafriqa

Separation,

> farqad

oalf; ulj>II

two bright

sunderance, partition, division; disper-

stars of

Urea Minor ( and

y)

JJ
Jji jarqa'a

710

(Uji

farqa'a)

to pop, orack,

ji

/um

pl. tjil o/rtJ

Oven, baking Oven

bunt, explode
iiji

II iafarqa'a

&\j farrn baker

farqa'a orack, pop, report (of a

ij

II

lafarnaja to

beoome Europeanized,

flrearm); exploeion, blast


mij* mufarqi' explosive, blasting (adj.)
pl.

adopt European manneis, imitate the

Europeans
ji^l
al-ifranj

<Zj\jJu explosives; firecrackers, fire-

the

Europeans

works
Uji farqiUa (eg.) pl.

jjl J*. Enrope

St whip with a leather

jij\

ifranfi

European; jfvijl Syphilis

thong, used in driving animals


'^jifiranja'
il> faraka

Land of the Franks, Enrope

(/ort)

to rub (

s.th.) II

to be rubbed VII
iijj

V
cooked
green

fj

lafarnuj Europeanixation, imita-

tion of the

Europeans

farii

rubbed;

ijiL. mula/arnij Europeanized


tjjji firind

wheat

O ill^i- mifrik twirling stick


"\j look up alphabetically
^jiS^i

a sword of exquisite workmanship

'X,j jaranda, varanda pl. -41 Veranda, poroh

farkala

{eg.)

to disarrange, dishevel,

^ji jarnaM

(i-JJ farnasa) to

make Frenoh,

Frenchify,
tangle ( s.th.), tousle, muss, teax (hair)
( s.th.) II

imbue with Frenoh oulture tafamata to beoome a Frenoh.

*(j jarama
(*

(lrm) to out into small pieces

man; to
l_ij*

imitate the Frenoh

meat, tobacco), mince, chop, hash (


II

farana (also *i^i) France


(pl. -fln)

meat)

**j*

miframa ineat grinder; minoer,

^j fartmti Frenoh;
man
jjLJji farantaai

Frenoh-

mincing maohine
(also

Ajji.

mafrUm: (jji.

6Uo

jj-'J) Frenoh

(dkn) finely

out tobaoco; rjj*.

^i.

(lahm) chopped

'^'11

ai-farann the French

meat, hashed meat


ji (It.

;, 1C

y.\\

aUfaranntk the Franoisoans


pl.

forma) furma

pl.

rj jmam mold
/ormln" firman;

iiij (Fr. franc) fircmk and "Sij


ji /ort lively, agile,

- frano

OUji fararnSn pL -,
decree,
edit;

j>>lji

nimble

(letter

of)

safe-oonduot,

laisser-passer (formerly, in the

Ottoman

Iji

farSka liveliness, agility, nimble-

Empire)

ness, swiftness (of


.jli

an animal); sturdiness
Bwift

j\jfj

(Fr. framboilt)

jrambuwz raBpberry

farih lively, agile, nimble,

(animal); oomely, pretty; sturdy; big


_,ji

'Oj^j (eg.) flrmatln (from Fr. franc-mafon) Freemason


Lji farmala
pl. J.lj

farw

(ooll.; n.

un.

:) pl.

,\jfir" furrieTy,

fur(s), skin(s), pelt(s), peltry

farmiP brake (of a

ijj form
^ljll

(n. un.) fr, pelt; skin,

hide

wheel, etc.)

ijj soalp; ijj

ji\

oM

/. (tg.)

ohest-

^~L/
Ij-jv*

(?)

tarmalgt

pl. -tya

brakeman

nut
Iji farrff furrier

Formoea farm0za formtoa


i

711

<sj far

(fary)

to split lengthwise, cut


(eg.)

jji fazara
s.th.)

(jazr)

to tear, rent, burst (*

lengthwise (* B.th.);
(*

to minoe, ohop
fabrioate,
|

to be torn, be rent, split open,

B.th.);

to invent

lyingly,

burst VII

tramp up (Jp *
againat)

B.th. against)

LiT
lie

^J
(J

(k%4ban) to fabricate, or invent, a

Jji faxra female leopard


ijjji fazzra pl.
riddle, puzzle

n to
s.th.)

split lengthwise, cut length-

yjly

fawzlt*

(eg.)

wise (*

IV

II;

VIII to invent
* B.th.

lyingly, fabrioate,

trump up (Jp
bel,

ji fazi'a a (faza')

againat);
(

and

to

slander,

faza'a a
of),

calumniate

Uaz\z

f )

to

J*

8.0.)

be afraid, be scared (j*


frightened,
terrified

be alarmed,

(J

or

^
flee

by);
(Jl
to),

*tji firya pl. falaity; slander,

j^i firan

lie,

falsehood,

fazi'a

a to take
{Jl

refuge,

calumny

seek aeylum

with) II to strike
frighten,
startle

(. s.o.)

iSJ /orfy: kj* 'V ('V or) Jl todos.th. unheard-of, do an unprecedented thing

with

fear;

to

scare,
(.

alarm,

terrify,

dismay,

s.o.)

IV to

;I>-

mifrh

(eg.)

(=

i.^)

meat

frighten, atartle, terrify, scare

(. s.o.)

to

grinder; mincer, mincing machine

be

terrified,
|

startled,

frightened

Ji

iftirS

lie,

falsehood,

falsity

^. ji; (naumihi) to be roused from one's sleep


ji
faza* pl.
\ji\

dismayed; to be

slander,

calumny
afzff fear,
fright,

JJu muftarin Bianderer, calumniator

terror,

alarm,

dismay,

anxiety,

oon-

oLjU.
umnies

muftaraydt

lies,

faleities;

oal-

sternation, panio

fazi' frightened, terrified,

scared,
fearful,

jj

fariz pl. ljj\ afriza

yj\

ifriz

(look

alarmed,

startled,

dismayed,

up

alphabetically)
i (fazz)

timorous
holt; to

Ji fazza

to

jump up, Btart,


terrified,

be

jlpji faz'n frightened, terrified, scared,

or

become frightened,
scare
to

alarmed,

dismayed,
timorous
**lji

startled,

dismayed,

fearful,

Startled; to frighten, alarm, startle (*,


s.o., a.th.),

away
scare

(je *,

s.o.,

a.th.

fazz'a

one who inspires

fear;

from)

IV

frighten,

alarm,
(j^
*,

startle

scarecrow
ji*
mafza* place of refuge, retreat,

(*, s.o., s.th.),

away

s.o.,

s.th.

from)

to

beoome

restless, restive,

sanetuary

uneasy

X to fill with unrest or excitement,


Uji* mafza'a plaoe of
sanetuary; scarecrow
J. mufzi' terrible, dreadful, alanning fei* mufza' frightened,
ed, startled
terrified,

rouse, agitate, excite, Btir up, instigate,


incite,

refuge, retreat,

egg on, inflame, whip up


{*

(. s.o.),
>

provoke
s.o.

an ineident); to
stir up,

startle (je

out of); to

arouse (j-

s.o.

from)
Iji fazza Btart,

alarm-

jump,
pl.

holt, dart

li-i
jljii-l
iatifzz
-t

fustn

pl.

jJLi

/tw/in* (woman's)

instigation,

dress,

gown, frock
(bot.)

agitation, incitement, provocation

^jlji^.1 istifzzl agitative, instigative,

Ji-i fiMtuq, fustaq pistachio

mflammatory,
tive, incendiary

rabble-rousing,

provoca-

- famha u (i^J fuaha, 1-LJ fasha) to be


or become wide,
spacious,

roomy;

712

fasaha a (jash) to

space

(*,

in,

for) II

make room, olear a to make wide, make make room,


olear

(* s.th.); (eg.) to aalt (* fish)

to break

up

into fragments,
(jur.)

fall

apart, disintegrate abolished,

Bpacious,

widen, broaden, extend, exB.th.);


for)
|

YII

to

be

oanceled,

pand

(*

to
*J

resoinded, revoked, abrogated, annulled,


nullified, invalidated,

space (J

^U gJ

(majlan) to

dissolved, voided,

make room
B.th. free

for s.o., or B.th., give b.o. or

vacated

play or free scope ; to open up an


b.o.
;

p-*

fa*b

0'ur -)

oancellation, abolishresoiBsion,

opportunity for
or pave the

oij^

way
clear

for b.o.

-* to open or s.th. IT to
*J

ment, abotion,

revooation,

abrogation, annulment, nullification, invalidation, diasolving, voiding, vaoating

make room,
clear,

a space {S

for);

to

S for) V to be or become wide, spacious, roomy; to walk, take a walk VII to be or become wide,
open up
(* B.th.,

^_i fasH

abolitionary,

revocatory,

abrogative, nullifying

spacious,
dilate ; to

roomy; to extend,
be
I
free,

expand,

-i
slirer

fasha

(wood)

splinter,

chip,

be ample (tne) | *.,.>

c*j^l
w

had plenty of time

iyj

faMjc (eg.) small salted fish

4j^i fusha widenees, ampleness, apaciousness,

; muiafassik degenerate(d)
ut
(ili fasd, ij-i fusd)

roominess;

extensive

possi-

bilities, ample opportunitieB, wide Boope for action; (time) margin, enough time

_j fasada

to be or

become bad,

rotten, decayed, putrid,

be

{J for);

(pl.

j-i /*/,

-l) free,

open,

spoiled; to be or
vile,

beoome

vioious, wicked,

or

empty,

spaoe;

holidaya,
stroll,
|

vaoation;
drive,

oorrupt,

depraved,

be

marred,

walk,

promenade,

ride,

impaired, oomipted, perverted, vitiated;


to be empty, vain,
idle,

outing, excuraion
(tcaql)

'** ili>JI

Jlj

L*

unaound,

false,

there

is still

time
-*
(eg.)

wrong
anteroom,
(eg.,

II

to spoil, deprave, ruin, corrupt,


(*, s.o., s.th.);

demoralixe

to degrade,
(*,

~4j^i

jaadha

pl.

abse, sully, tarnish,


s.th.)

deflle

s.o.,

vestibule, also eyr.)

hallway, entrance hall;

open space between houses;

IT to

spoil (*, * s.o., s.th.; * s.th.

courtyard
-p-i fcunh pl. j-LJ
fisdfy

J* of s.o.,
wide, ample,
s.th.);

e.g., s.o.'a plana, eto.),

deprave,

oorrupt, pervert, demoralixe

(*,

s.o.,

to

mar,

distort,

devaluate,

de-

spacious, roomy, broad

preciate, denigrate, degrade (* s.th.,

J*

A-Ju

tn/utty

wideneas,

ampleness

for

s.o.);

to weaken, aap, undermine,


foil,

extension, expansion, dilation


p. V
f

upaet, ruin, destroy,

thwart, frustrate

(* s.th.); to alienate, estrange

munfasah wideneas, ampleness;

from another;
entice

J*
s.o.,

s.o.

(J* from

s.o.

B.th.),

plane, Burface
disjoint, P_i fasaka a (/) to dislocate, luxate, put out of Joint (* a limb); to Bever, sunder, tear (* s.th.); (jur.) to

away (J*
stir

from

s.th.);

to

sow, or

up, diasenaion (jw among);

to act evilly, wickedly ; to cause misohief


^.1

J* A-il (amrah) to play

s.o.

a dirty

triok VII

oancel, abolish, rescind, revoke, abrogate,

annul, nullify, invalidste, dissolve, void,

aLJ fasd
ruption,

rottenness, spoiledness, oor-

vacate

(* s.th.);

fasi^a o

(fasajp)

to

decay,

decompoeition,

putre-

lose color; to fade (color) II to tear to


pieoes,

faotion, putridity; depravity, wiokedness,

tear

apart,

laoerate,

mangle

vioiousnees, iniquity, nmorality;

713

J-i
pl.

neas;

pervertedness,

wrongness;

incor-

jli-J fuatn

jJ,Li

fastln' see dik_i

rectness, imperfection (of a legal trans-

action; Isl.

Law)

o-i
>->

/usft

pbospbate

.li> mafeada pl. -Uli. majsicP cause of comiption or evil; scandalous deed, beinous act; pl. xjju dirty tricks, ma-

/aj/aro

and

II tajasjara

to phosphoresce

jji
^r-5

/ua/r phospborus
(oll.; n.

licious acts, chicaneries

lijllj J^ll

//"
'

un.

:) pl.

^JLi

fatfit'

(ma^iiAo) in good and


better or for worse
jl_il

had times,

for

bedbug

*->- /m/jo pl.


undermining,

^Li /o*I/w' pustule,


work

iftd

thwarting,

pimple
l fusaifis'' mosaic, mosaic

sabotaging

L.U lind
rotten,

pl.

jxJ

ftud

bad, foul,

'j_i faaaga

spoiled,

decayed,

decompoeed,

putrid; depraved, oorrupt, vicious, wicked, Unmoral;


false,

empty, vain,

idle,

unsound,
transac-

jj_i jutSq) and /iwuja to stray from the right oourse ; to stray, deviate (je from); to act unlawfully,
i (fitq,

wrong; imperfect

(legal

sinfully, immorally, lead a dissolute lifo ; to

tion; Ial.

Law)

fornicate
( s.o.)

a-li _,jj (daur) vicious

with) II

(1,1.

Law) to deolare

circle, circulus vitiosus

to be a jsiq (q.v.)
fisq sinfulnesa, viciousness,
life
|

J~i
j-i
II

moral

to

explain,

expound,
(
s.th.),

explicate,

depravity, dissolute
al-f.

elucidate, Interpret
(t

J1

jjj dr

comment
in),

brotbels

on)

V to be explained,

interpreted, etc.

(see II); to

have an explanation (^
(

jji futq outrage, iniquity

be explainable
(. s.o.)

with, by)

X
of),

to ask
inquire

U-i. maftaqa pl. j,[i, mafsiq'

brothel

for

an explanation (je
about), ask (je

(je

J-U
godless,

/<S*ij

pl.

of

JLJ

s.o.

fusaq, ii-i jaaaqa

. s.o.

about);

sinful,

to seek

an explanation (je

dissolute,
vicious,

wanton,

li-

for)

centious, profligate,

iniquitous,

jwi'to/mrpl. jj-li'to/dr" explanation,


expoeition, elueidation, explioation, Interpretation; commentary (esp. one on tho

nefarious;
fornicator,

trespasser,

offender,

sinner;

not meeting the legal requirements of righteousness


(Ist.

adulterer;

person

Koran)
tf

Law)
-St,

jwij

tafsiri

explanatory, explicatory,

"U-J

lasqiya, fioqiya pl.

Jl_j jaatlqiy

illustrative

fountain; well
orine

\j~i'

lafsira

speeimen

(of

patient, for di&gnosis)

'J-' /<"' pl. iij-i fusl low, lowly, ignoble; despicable; false, deceitful
*lji juavla lowliness;

jL_ii-l utifsir pl. -st inquiry, question

weakness
fatd'iP

(je about)

L_i faiila

pl.

J_J

jji- mufassir oommentator


ill^J
lutft, fit&l pl.

fatil, J;|_J

palm

seedling,

palm shoot
Uj~*i

1J.U

Ituffl (large)

'*Jj-> fasliya

tent

made of

hairoloth; tent, pavilion,

canopy; ilL-ill al-jutW ancient Islamio city sonth of present-day Cairo

j faalaja physiology

i^J_i

jaslajl physiologic(al)

714

(j_i) Lj/wau(/<wii>, l-/ta')to break wind


noiselessly

frustrate
succeasful

s.th.)

to

fail,

be un-

L.U ltiy'' dng beetle


J>- fattliya

Aii fatal disappointment,


fiasco

failure, flop,

Uj-u
Jj
fall,

faul

weak,

faint-hearted,

Lj.Jj-jfiriytojh* phyaiology
jrj)ji finySlSji phymologio(al) phys;

oowardly, craven
LiU ff failing, unBucceesful,
futile,

iologist

doomed to
(jaii)

failure;

no good, worthless

jjli

falia

to oauBe ( a swelling, and

(jli) lii fatt

(jij faSw, fulw,

fuRy)

the

like) to subside; to
|

go down, subside

to spread, spread about, diffuse, gain

(swelling)

(*U or) 4-

Ji

(hilqah,
.

ground,

make the

rounds, ciroulate; to be

giliaM)

(ig.)

to vent one'e anger on

revealed, be disclosed, be divulged

IV to

TU
the

to go down, subside (swelling, and


like)

spread,

disseminate, put in circulation

(* s.th.); to reveal, disclose, dividge (


pl. ,jlii fifal
[eg-, >yr.)

*ii

fiUa

lung,

or

v
^JJ

s.th.)

to spread, spread about,


(e.g.,

lights (of animals)

gain ground, rage

a disease)
spread, out-

lafain

spreading,

jili

and

<-ili

look

up

alphabetically

break

1 /afojo a

(falb) to straddle; to stride,

II (eg.)

to

remove the outer Shell

of s.th.)

take large steps


l^Jj jalka
jii falara jii
pl. -ol stride, large

Step

^ti /off pl- o'j-^ /"** 8tone of a ""S clove (of garlic) Segment (of an orange)
;

u to
fair

brag, boast, swagger

lobe

(anal.,

bot.);

Joint;

easence

^t

JL
vain

/.

mi'Ui (eg.)

lump of

salt;

^ij <-j

bragging,

swagger,

(nattihl)

in the

very words, ipsissimis

boasting

verbis, literally, preciaely

jl

fuir

bragging,

swagger, vain

*-
II

faftiha

u (-L*> latUfa) tobe eloquent


the
language)
correot

boasting

to bring ( the language) into literary

jl fiUr

(eg.)

popoorn

form,

make
o.s.

(*

Arabio, purify ( the language)

IT to

jl
boaster

faiSr braggart, swaggerer, vain

expreas

in flawleas Uterary Arabio;

to speak olearly, distinctly, intelligibly;


(eg.)

^iLLii faifi

lung, lights (of animals)

to give expreesion (je to), expreas, State


clearly,

deolare

outright,

make
(je

piain

iUi

^ JUo

fafak

(coli.; n.

un.

I)

cartridges
cartridges

iLi

(je

s.th.),

speak
Orient,

openly,

frankly

(je
s.o.

ullabi)
iilii

blank

(Syr.);

about);

to

inform

(dujaSni)

smoke

cartridges

about); to become clear, piain, distinot

(Syr.)

V
o
(/oiiJ) to lose

to affect eloquence, affect maBtery of

/oiiio

courage, be or

the language TI

become oowardly or

faint-hearted, lose

j^^i fafih

pl.

>U^i futaha'', CL fifh,


in

heart, deepair; to be disappointed; to


fail,

-_ fufuh pure, good Arabio (language),


literary;
skillful

be unsucoessnil (jin); to miscarry,


fail II

using

the

correot

go wrong,

and IT to thwart,

foil,

literary language; olear, piain, distinot.

715

J-i
to separate (j>j

intelligible

(Ianguage,

speeoh);

fluent,

two things or persona);

eloquent

to isolate ( s.th.); to out, sever, sunder,

*i /oalAa purity of the Ianguage;

interrupt ( s.th.); to disoharge, dismisa,


fire,

fluenoy, eloquenoe
-1

sack, expel (j. or je

> s.o.

from an
s.o.

offioe), relieve,

alfah*,

f.

y^ji

divest (j* or je
(.

of

fufhi of purer
|

an

Office),

oashier

Ianguage; more eloquent


L/

s.o.);

(Uli or) ijjJ\

to deoide (

a controversy, and the


decision, render

like),

~-iJI (arablya, luga) olamioal Arabio;


,

make a
in,

ap

el l

do.
t/*jA

judgment (j
fix

about,

with respeot to); to


flawless

^Ltfl

Uterary

Arabio

s.th.);

style; frank Statement,

open word (je

the infant from sucking);


(Jj-ei /u?4U) to

(JUi/i^i) to wean (^LiJI je fafala u


.

the prioe ( for

about), open declaration (je of)

go away, depart, move

**i*

mvfpih

olear,

piain,

distinot,

away
II

(je or j. from), leave (je or j. a

intelligible;

cloudlesa,

sunny,

bright

plaoe), pull out (je or j. of a place)

(day)

to divide
in

into

particular

seotions,
classiry,

arrange

seotions,

group,

*jwu IT to oelebrate Easter


brate Fassover (Jvd.)

[Chr.); to oele-

oategorize (e s.th.); to present in logioal


Order,
Bot

forth in detail,
(
s.th.);

detail,

par-

Cr" A*' /*>


J_u /ajdo

pl-

j;j-"

/*# Easter

ticularize

to

(CAr.); Fesaoh, Fassover (Jvd.)


i

olear, piain, distinot; to

make ( s.th.) make to measure,


o.s., (.

cut out ( a garment) III to separate (/md, iLj/ifd) to open a vein;


(<

dissooiate o.s.,

be separated

from

s.o.),

to bleed
(.

s.o.),

perform a veneseotion
(e.g.,

part

oompany
.

with);
s.o.

to

haggle,

on)

to drip

the faoe, lj^

bargain (Je
arate
o.s., o.s.,

with

for)
o.s.,

VII to sepdisssooiate

'araqan

with

Perspiration)

TU

to

be

disengage

bled, undergo
(nose)

veneseotion;

to bleed

segregate, seoede (je from); to

be

separated, disjoined, detaohed, removed,


set

letting, veneseotion,

-Um lafd opening of a vein, bloodphlebotomy


fifid

aside, cut off (je from), be inter-

rupted;
fired,

to

be

disoharged,

dismissed,
re-

saoked,

oashiered;

to retire,

JUei

opening of a vein, blood-

sign

j or je from an

offioe),

be

relieved,

letting, veneseotion,

phlebotomy
ju'Lal

be divested (j. or je of an
quit, leave (j or

offioe);

to

Lei
letting,

fifdda pl.

fafSitP blood|

je a political party,

veneseotion,
f.

phlebotomy

y\

and the
J~i

like)

JjLu ab

(eg.)

wagtail (aJ.)
fafl

parting,

disjunotion,

de-

-L^i. miffad, pl. j_Lt. maffid1 lanoet

tachment. severanoe, sunderance, cutting


off;

oLLi

/u#/<a

phosphate

Separation; division, partition; disdismissal


decision,

oharge,

(j,

or

je

from an
of)

f^Lei /u^/r phosphorus


ii>-'

Office);

(rendering

judg-

Muri
(/<wi)

pbosphorio, phospho-

ment;

(pl.

Jj_i
eto.);

jufl) section, part;

rous

^jji^i ,Ls phosphorescence


i

chapter; aot (of a play);

movement

(of

a symphony,

article (in

a newsseason
|

y*i

/atala

to separate, part, divide,


cut
,
,

paper);
^LLA-'I

class,

grade (sohool);
letters;)

disjoin,

divoroe,

off,

detach,

set

J^i

(in

oonolusion of
1*1

apart, segregate (je

s.o., s.tb.

from);

the formal greetings

by the words Am

J-A
ammd badu
derision;
;

716

oonoluaion,

termination

tafftlxyan

aeparately,

singly,

one at a

unmiatakable judgment; J-j t^LL^I ,Li ^^ 'i jj we're through with one
another
(theater)
last

time

SJ-^-cil 3*-Uil land


n/Jpt

survey
diaengage-

Jl-*-ul

Separation;

once

and for

all;

J-i*sH

J-i

ment, dis&ociation, withdrawal; secession;


interruption
|

season; J^ill

Jyill (gauZ)

the

word, the
oJ-/.

final decision; J-*iJl

yaum
day

Day

of Judgment,

^ Dooms!-*>

O JL^^i v^- b**b alinf.


War; JU-JJ^I
jLJl

the American Civil


Separatist
JL-Jj'l

*n/i*S aeparatistic; (pl. -fln)

O *L-* Av&
semioolon

oomma

O l>fc*

aeparatiat

JLul infliya aeparatiam


LUjfpta ofiprint, reprint

J*U /ap Beparatory, aeparating, part-

J^ /<*
*L*>
speciea,

pl.

JUi

jl*,

6^-i /u*Wn

ing,

dividing; isolating, inaulating; deoruoial ;

young (weaned) oamel


/a?tia

oisive,

oonolusive ;

Separation,
|

pL JJLs /a^J'O1 genus, family (bot., and the like);


cell

partition, diviaion, interruption

J-*U without interruption, unintemipted, unJ-*

detachment, squad; group,

(pol-);
|

broken; Jjl^l

al-harra heatIjL.

platoon, aquadron (of heavy arms; m.) o iL-*i /. {{am blood group; flV^I <U**
/.

inBulating (phys>);
finala,

*LU

(muMrdA)
J^li Ju^

final

matoh

(aporta);

al-Cdm

firing

squad, exeoution squad;

(a#) demaroation line

iJLi&~yl
patrol

*L-^ reoonnaissance squad,

2L*

/d^tla pl.

partition, J-*!> fawfyiP

diviaion; interstice, interspaoe, interval;


faifai

J^aJ

deoisive

oriterioii;

arbi-

trator, arbiter
i

end,

oomma; rhyme

dash (punotuation mark);

of a Koranio verse
aet forth or described

faifallya "Faisal cap", Iraqi fleld


Ir.)
pl.

J^fti

mufa&al

oap (formerly,
J**i. maft
articulation

minutely, elaborately or in great detail,


detailed,

minute,

elaborate,

ciroum-

J~U* maf?&

Joint,

Btantial ; taor-made,

oustom-made; iUi*

mufaffdkm in detail, minutely, elaborately,

J-i* maffil artioolar

oiroumatantially
'

-" <a/fil detailed statement, elabJ. orate or minute eipoeition, partioularization,

"*

mujawala

pl. -dt

hinge

detafling;

elaborateness,

mi-

detaohed J.-*~ mvnfaf separate,

nuteness, completeness of detail; outting


out, out (of a garment);
taffiW) detail, particular
|

ui fafama

(ftum) to cause (* s.th.) to

(pl. -t,

J-^Uf
mij*

oraok, orack (* s.th.);


(* s.th.); paaa.

to split, cleave

%+ taffan
...Ji>

fufima to be destroyed

and J, -"; in
nutely,

detail, elaborately,

(house) VII to have

a oraok, be cracked;

oircumstantially;

to be split, be cleft
-*

(with foQ. genit.)

made

to meaaura by...;

fafm

pl.

oUj-^

fufmi reoeas,

tailored by...; J,i"H


olothea;

vW

taor-made

niohe, chamfer (in walls; areh.)


aL-jUI

j--xJl iJj-* well-flttmg (gar-

ment)
J~-*i' tafpUl detailed, niinute, partioular,

tn/^dm

split;

O sehizophrenia
oommon Eurobot.)

Uj^i fafBUp

(or *J>-*i) the

elaborato;

analytic(al);

J. .<T

pean bean (Phaanolns vulgaris L.;

717

J*
dishonor
(.

^
^jii

to free

o.a.,

rid o.a. (j, of), ahake off

s.o.);

to

outshine,

eolipse

(Cr !.)

( s.th., e.g.,

the

moon

the Stars); to

lajfa (Ist per, perf. /miaftu) u {Jaf) to break (open), pry open, force open,

ravish,
disclose,

violate,

rape (U a woman); to

reveal,

ehow, bring to

light,

undo

( s.th., e.g.,

seal); to break,

snap

divulge, betray ( s.th.) VII to be exposed,

( o.th.)j to scatter, disperse, break up, rout ( s.th.); to perforate, pierce ( a pearl); to conclude, close ( a Bession,

be oompromised, be disgraoed, be dishonTill to beoome known, oome to light ruh) he was exposed

ored

publio,
|

beoome
(

,j.\

^i\ am.

and the
shed

like);

to dissolve (* parliament);

to settle (< a confliot, and the like); to


( tears)
|

ja$K exposure, humiliation, morti-

l^K, ^ii

(bakralah)

floation,

debasement, degradation,

dis-

to deflower a girl; ily

fvfa

gracing, dishonoring

how well you haye spoken! II to plate or coat with silver, to silver ( s.th.) VII to be opened, be broken, be
lka

undone

(e.g.,

seal); to

be scattered, be

j^- fatfih oovered with shame, exposed, oompromised, humiliated, shamed, disgraoed, dishonored; disgraceful, shameful,

dispersed, be routed; to seatter, disperse,

infamous, ignominious
/afiha

disband, break up, dissolve; to be concluded, be olosed (Session,


Till to deflower
ir**
(e.g.,

J~

exposure,

humiliation,

and the

like)

mortifioation,

debasement, degradation,

(U a

girl)

disgraoing,

dishonoring;

(pl.

i\j

la4'H,') disgraoeful, or soandalous, aot

/<W opening, breaking, undoing


of a seal); dispersion, scattering,

or thing; infamy, ignominy; shame, disgraoe, scandal

breaking up, routing; settlement, settling


(of

a dispute); conolusion, closure


|

^L
^Lial

\a44}y

divulging

of a Bession)
defloration

IjKjl

(e.g.,

seorets,

un-

/.

al-bakra

earthing ahameful things


'/ItoVSAdisgraoefulness, ignominy,

i- fifa
iF*

infamy
silver
silver,

1*44*

silvery,

argentic,
silver;

argentous,

made

of silver,
|

like
Jj

j^ili l&fih disgraoeful, ahameful, infamous, ignominious, dishonorable, dis-

oLuiyi^iyfsilverware
(;'umArisi)

crediting, soandalous

<-^il

J_>+J.I

A\ jLJI the lS motion-picture soreen, the silver screen mi\a4i implement for opening or breaking open ollU-'l ^^. letter
|

Argentina;

j-^. ma/ifh covered with shame, exposed, oompromised, humiliated, shamed,


disgraoed, dishonored; disgraoeful, ahameful,

j*^

infamous, ignominious
loose, flowing (garment);

opener

^iXJi \a4\S4 wide,


ample,
I

^Uj
(e.g.,

infi44 dissolution, breaking up,


(girl);

abundant;

plump,

corpulent

dispersal; end, close, conolusion, closure

pompous,

high-sounding,

bom-

of a Session)

bastic (speech)

(jiLil i/tifaf defloration


-ii Ia4aha

J-

lafala u and \a$Ua a Uaifl) to be Burplus, be in exceBS, be left (over), remain;

(/aVl)

to disclose or uncov-

lafala
s.o.,

(laQ.)

er

s.o. 's

(.)

faults or offenses, expose,

s.th.);

abow

to excel, surpass J or *, . ( to be exoellent, superior,

np, oompromise, shame, disgraoe,

exquisite,

good,

be

better,

be

more

J*
sdequate
to
s.o.,

718

B.th.,

Jp

to prefer (Jp , .o., s.th. to s.th.), like better (, . .o., than); to give preference ( Jp ,
to .th. over), set
(

the credit for

it; Ol

Jj-JIj

superfluous that...;
talk,
idle

ijiU^I

jJit not J^ fntile

to
(,

s.o.,
.)

b.o.

or s.th.

U-kaWm)
it

it

words; Ol f^I J>- Cr (/ would be needleas talk to ...,


if
. .

betre or above or

Jp) III to oontend


(.

would be a waste of words


Li
fafla
pl.

for
a.o.)

preoedenoe

auperiority

with

fa4ait remnant,

re-

J-iU to oompare two things in order to determine whioh deserves preference IV to oonfer a
j>>S
|

oii

mainder, residue, leltover,


overplus;

rest, surplus,

waste,
pl.

scrap,

diacard,

offal,

waste product;

excretions (pnyjioJ.),

benefit

(Jp

upon

s.o.),

do (J
to

8.0.)

ezcrements

favor,

Obligo
(o.

(Jp
s.o.
s.o.

b.o.);

prsent,

honor
(

Jp

with), bestow, oonfer


s.th.),

J^ii juQl
officiousness,

curioaity, inquiaitiveneas,

Jp IV; to have the B.th.) V J to s.o. kindness (^ of doing or to do B.th.; or as Ji fa with finite verb), be so kind (v
(

upon

grant,

award

meddling
inquisitive, curious; bnsy-

J,
body,

il

ju^uR

offlcious,

meddleBome;

prattler,

to do B.th.

or J> with finite verb), deign,

manager without commiseion, uncommissioned agent (JI. Law)


chatterer;
' I, i;

oondescend, be graciously disposed

(^

jv4i\ya

inquisitiveness,

curiof-

to do s.th.; or Ji with finite verb); (imperative) taja4iaX please! if you please;


for to put on house clothes, be dressed

oaity;

obtrusiveness,

importunity,

ficiousneBS, indiscreetnass

around the house

J_

-1

ja4ll pl.

.S- /u^oM"' outatand-

J-u

lw/,1

pl. Jj-ii /#"' anrplus, over-

ing, eminent,

very good, nret-rate, ex-

leftplus, excess, superfluity, overflow;

cellent; diatinguished, deserring; Iearned,

of over, remainder, remnant, rest; matter

erudite
SJLii jv43Xa pl. -* remnant, remainder,
residue, leftover, rest, surplus, overplus;
offal, refuse,
:l_ -1

Beoondary importance, Bubordinate matpl. Jj- that which ia superfluous, ter;

redundant or in excess, a surplus, overdroppings, plua, superfluity ; waste, refuse


;

soum

excrementa;

(Jp preoedenoe, priority (Jpover), preference to); grace, favor (Jp to, toward); (Jp
kindness, graoiousness, amiability; eru(pl. JLiil dition, culture, refinement;

lafila pl.

JJL

jad&'iP moral ex-

superiority

over);

cellence, excellent quality, virtue; merit,

advantage,
:l_
i

excellence,
title

exquisitenesB

Ul ,__~L.

of Islamic acholara (as,

for instance,

Rector and sheiks of AI


,

Azhar University)

also preceding the title

at4l)

merit,

deBert
to),

(j

on behalf
(for,

of,

of sheik: ^ill l~i

with respect
ice(s)

credit

in), serv-

sent

benefit, favor, gift, pre(Jp to); be8ide - Mide fc"1 ) ** |

Jjil a/<W,
Lilil

f.
f.

J-l

WM,

Pl-

m. -n,

(M

alfiP,

oLLii

fu41ayt better,
preferable,
etc.;

from..., not

toapeak of
...;

..., let
>illi

alone

best;

more
(very)

excellent,

...,

to say nothing of
sides,

y-

S-

be-

J^lil

excellent,
/.

ol-uJ
Cy
ILLl

oLL

men; at-sayyidt the worthy


Iearned

moreover,
to,
if

furthermore;
to,

J-i*

thanks
please!

owing

due

to;

iL

(or esteemed) ladies

you

please; iHi

J-ll p-ji
J~ll the

ajjaliya

precedence,

priority

Jl

(yarp'v.)

or Jp- j!1
ifl

ili

merit thereby

his due, he deserves all

preference (Jp to, over); pre(Jp over), dilection

719

_>
Lii jada* vaat and unlimited space,

J~ mijdal pre-eminent, most


vory
liberal
pl. J_ili.

out-

standing, moet excellent, veiy generous,

Lii. mifdala
drees,

ma/diP house

empty spaoe; spaoe (piy.); cosmic space; sky; vast expanse, vaatness, void | .LJI i-i, spaceship; .LiiJI 4, to
throw
s.th. in the air;

everyday dress

jj

(pl.

<_l

a/dit/a)

JL. mifdl pre-eminent, most outstanding, most ezcellent; very generous,


very liberal
*'
>

open area,
country

open tract

of land,

open

jL
preference,

/ad'i:

JL i_i_

spaceship

J.

tafdil

preferment,
|

,>lj

l&fin

empty,

vacated, vacant;

favoring; esteem, high


' J . i H *m

estimation

-,1

unoccupied, not busy, at leisure, free (of

al-f.

noun of preferenoe

commitments)
rXi falaha a (/a/A) and
II

elative {af'aP; gram.)

to spread out,
s.th.)

*Li\M mufdala comparison, weighing

make broad and


jJJI a/foA

flat,

Batten (

J-j
favor,
carelesa

tajaddul deigning, condescension,

and ^Ui. mu/affoA broad-

complaisance,

oourteousness,
|

courtesy,
libtat
al-t.

headed, broad-nosed

grace

Jliill

_J

manner of dreSBing

for

around

J~tU

lafKif

(pl.

of

yu

fifahl)

important,

the house

outstanding, leading

men or Personalities,
|

luminaries, celebrities, Stars

J^U;
rendered;

JLiII j.j

ta/dul rivalry for preoedence;

zaman
period

al-fifahl

primeval times, preadamic

quantitative disparity (of


Ial.

two

Services

Law)

O J_iLiJI ^L

differential calculus

ja

falara

(fafr)

to

split,

O J-lu
Jlj

apart (
tafduli differential (adj.)

s.th.);

{jja

cleave, break

fufr) to break

fdil

remaining,

leftover,
(pl.

left,

the fast, eat and drink after a fast; to breakfast, have breakfast; (/afr)

surplus, eiceeding, in excess;

^i\

to make, create, bring into being, bring


forth ( s.th.j of God); to
s.o.

fawdiP)
rest,

remainder,

remnant, residue,

ed;

leftover, surplus, overplus, eicess;

endow (J. . with; of God); pass. /ultra to have

(pl.

-n, .^Lii fudal'') outstanding,


first-rate, superior,

eminent, very good,

excellent, distinguished, deserving; learn-

a natural disposition (J. for); J ja (Mira) ... is native of him, ... is in his natura IV to break the fast, eat and
drink after a fast; to breakfast, have breakfast V to be split, be cleft, be

man

of culture and refinement


preferable, preferred

J-. mufaddal
(>- an<l

broken VII
u-) L fad % (jji fudw, .LH fad') to be or become apacious, wide,
large (space); to be empty, void, vacant
II

V; .btjl

>il

Ifii-l-bukS)

to break into tears

J"
rift,

t<4 r pl-

jjU

fttfr

crack, fissure,

to

empty,

void,

cleavage, rupture
_Jull Ji.o fadaqal almsgiving at the end of Ramadan
|

vacate

s.th.)

IV to come, attain
reach
to;

(Jl to), arrive (Jl at),

ja fijr fast breaking


al-f. (/*.

(Jl s.o., s.th.); to


e.g.,

lead (Jl

s.o.

Jl to,
(

to results); to inform,

Law); J^i\

X?.

'id

al-f.

Feast of

notify
s.o.

J| s.o. of),

announce

Jl to

Breaking the

Ramadan

Fast, or Lesser

s.th.)

to have free

time, have

Bairam, celebrated on the Ist of Shawwal

leisure (J for)

Ja fufr

(coli.

n. un.) fungi,

mushrooms

>
^ijmt

720

fufri

fungal,

fuugus,

fungi-,

faflm

pl.

jufum weaned
(adj.

myco-

(in

Compounds);

ol^W

/ufrfy
cul-

^\i

fOfimi

Fatimid

and

n.);

parasitia fungi;

muahTOoms; fungal
{mara#) mycosis

j^UJl the Fatimids


jL* /oftna
Jifna)
a,

tures

tf>iJl

^J\

lju

fifra creation; (pl.

J*fifrr) nature,

fafana u

and fafuna u (Ua


perspicacious,
notice,
realixe,
Jl

(natural) dispoeition,

Constitution, teminstinct;

to be or become clever, smart,


sagacious,

disceming,

perament,
fifratan

innate

character,

bright,

intelligent ;

to

by nature

oomprehend, understand (u or J or
s.th.); to
Jl of);

native, tfjli fifri natural; instinotive,

be or become aware

(i^ or
II

J or

inborn,

innate

tf>l Uftfl

(n*Xn)
reli-

to think (Jl of s.th.)


{*

to
(*

make
s.o.)

natural
gions

man;

jLill CfULoJi

natural

intelligent
realize or

s.o.)

to

make
J,
s.o.

understand
J,
*

(<-,

Jl

s.th.),

jjUi /afr breakfast


^pLi
/offr

expUin

(-?,

Jl
s.o.

to

s.th.);

to

remind (ij,
unleavened; immature, un-

J, Jl

of )

V to oomprehend,

understand (J

s.th.)

baked; fresh, new, newly made; unleav-

ened bread
IjJrf

^Li fafin olever, smart, astute, sagacious, perspicacious, bright, intelligent


(coli.

fafira

j*L

fafir)

pl.

./IU

fafSir* (unleavened) bread ; pastry

made

UJ
men,

fifna

pl.

jL

fifan

clevernesa,

of water, flour and abortening (aometimes

astuteness,

sagacity, perspioacity,

acu-

with Bugar added) a cake-like white bread


;

intelligence

(made with egg* and butter;

eg.)

^Li

fafin

pl.

.UU

fufart'

clever,

4j ILi/ofyt'rf pl.iiJ: lLi/a#yriya(h*rt.)


maker
or seller of fafira (see above)
(eg.)

smart, bright, intelligent


lLi

fana olevemess, smartness

t$>lU /a^irf pl. 44>IU falfinya maker or seller of /ofira (see above)
jU.il
first

aLj tafaftun intelligence; intellection


Ja /ff pl.

JUiil

a/ff crude, rde, ooarse,

iftdr

fast

breaking; breakfast;

meal after sunset during


al'ftir

Ramadan

blunt, gruff, impolite, uncivil, unoouth,


boorish, uneducated;

wah*us

>UII

the Creator
/uffl*)

(= God)
kill

^
(

kU fafza crudeness, rudeness, ooarseness,

faf<ua
s.o.);

(^>i
( s.o.)

to die II to
trangle,

bluntness, gruffhess, impoliteness,

to suflocate,

ohoke
li

uncouthneas, boorishness

to death
(noee)

VII to become flattened

fazua u
repulsive,

(*Uii fatfTa)

to be or become
hideous,
ugly,

abominable,
fafis suffocated, stifled

detestable,

^pxU l-Aa

disgusting,

shocking, odious,

faflsa

pL ^JlLi fa&i*

corpse,

heinous, atrocious, horrid, horrible


find
(*
s.th.)

to

body; oarrion, oaroass


t

abominable,

detestable,

etc. (see I) ; to call


_

abominable, revolting,

rLi\

aftas* flat-nosed,

snub-nosed
shocking
(

(* s.th.)

J*

jafama

(/ofm)

to

wean
from)

s.o.;

an

lii

fazi*

abominable, detestable, hid-

infant or a

young animal) VII to be


(,y-

eous, ugly, repulsive, disgusting, shooking,

weaned; to abstain

odious, heinous, atrocious, horrid,

*\l*t&m weaning, ablactation

horrible

721

^
JU
fa"liya
effectiveneas,
effleaey,

,jJ faiV abominable, detestable, hid-

eous, ugly, repulsive, disgusting, ahocking, odioua,

efficiency; activity
Jil

heinoua,

atrooious,

horrid,

horrible
Uii

af'af

more

effeotive,

more

ef-

ficacious

faz'a

pl.

jSUii

faf'i"'

abomre-

inableness,
pulsivenesa,

bideousneag,
odiousness,

uglineag,

J^"

tafil pl.

J^U;

taj'iP foot of

heinousness,

verse; (poet.) meter


JpLij" taf'ul pl. -l interaction, inter-

atrocity, horridness.horror; pl. atrocities

jl.
hideous,

mufft'
ugly,

abominable,
repulsive,

detestable,

play; formation of a chemical Compound,

disgusting,
atrooious,

chemical proceaa, chemical reaction


JLL'I
infi'l (state of)

shonking,

odious,

heinoua,

horrid, horrible
Ji fa'ala

being affected,
passivity;
(pl.

acted
to do (> s.th.); to
activity; to

upon,

or

influenced,
(Wo!.);

(ja'l, fi'l)

Stimulation,

irritation

-a)

act; to perform

some

have
on),
(,_,

agitation, excitement, excitation,

commo-

an influenoe or
affect

effect
a.o.,

(j or
to

v
do
|

tion

(j or

a.th.);

JLL'I
ceptible

infi'li

excitable, irritable, aus-

to s.o.
^r.

* s.th.;

s.th. with)

Ji

(biol);

caused

by

affect,

af-

^J

(fi'lan)
s.o.

to
II

have an unto soau ( a

fective (pkilos.)

pleaaant effect on

verse) VI to interaot, interplay; (ehem.) to enter into combination, form

JLl
(biol.)

infi'liya excitability, irritabity

a
J*l

Compound; to combine

(^. with) VII to

fi'

effeotive;

effleacious,

ef-

be done; to be or become influenced or affected (J by), be under the influence


of s.o. or s.th. (J); to be agitated, excited, upaet VIII to concoct, invent, fabricate (J*

ficient; (pl. -n) doer, actor, perpetrator;


(pl.

<Li

fa'ala)

worker,
subjeet

borer;

workman,
of a

la-

active
|

verbal

olause (gram.)

JpLI

^1

um al-f. nomen
pol, ji

LJT
(

IcigTun
s.th.,

lie

against); to falaify,

agentis, aotive participle (gram.);


J*li radioactive

forge

e.g.,

a handwriting)

to

invent (t
Ji
fi'l

a.th.)

UU
activity

fi'iya

effectiveneas,

efncaoy;

activity, doing, work, action,

Performance;
o/'i,

funetion;

(pl.

JLil

JLiyi'i) deed, act, action; effect,

Jji. maf'l objeet (gram.);


do.;

impact;
pl.

<,

Jji.

(pl.

J^li. maf'W)

effect,

(pl.

JLJI af'l) verb (gram.);

im|

J^lil

af'iP

great deeds, exploite,


|

pression, impaot; effectiveneas, validity

JjaI

feats; machinationa

^,\

ism

al-m.

nomen

patientis,

->U fi'lan or JiJL;

indeed, in effeot, actually, really, practically; J*ij

paaaive participle (gram.); *Jji.

^
(

aar

out

maf'luh to be or become
valid (J. for); Jjjll
(e.g.,

effective,

of,

because

of,

due to

be

jjU

sril-m. valid
ra ,'j)

Ji

Ji'li

actual, factual, real; effective,

an identity

card);

^j Jj.i.

effleacious, efficient; practical; de facto;

retroaotive force, retroactivity


Jii.

verbal {gram.)

munfa' excited, agitated, upset;

U
JLi
ficient

fa'la pl. -St deed, aot, action

irritable
ef-

fa"l

effective,

effleacious,

J.

mujta'al

artificial,

fabricated,

forged, falsified, falae, spurious

r*

IV to cram, jam, paok, fill to overflowing, fill up (v *> ^""O


-A.

deoeased person

xJ faqid lernt, missing; dead, deoeased; ^Jl Aj /. al-'m one


|

whose death

is

deplored

by

science;

mu/Vm

brimful, chock-full, filled

L.I

Jl

jju\ the deceased

overto capacity or overflowing, replete,


fll, filled entirely,

orammed, jampacked

jl ijfiq dn,

fuqdn

loss;

bereavement

(^

with)
pl. lil

V I_>JI
a'in adder, viper, asp
iXJ

jl-lii /.

jTIJJI l-lii

Ottawa) folly, madness; loss of memory, amnesia


pl.

ji\ af'an

f.,

tafaqqvd

-t

examination,
check,
in-

oljJl

ufuwn

adder, viper, asp

study,

Burvey,

inspection,

_^i

fagara a u

(/or) to

open

( the

mouth)

vestigation; review, inspection (e.g., of


troops); visit

Wide, gape VII to open wide, be agape

(mouth)
ijii

jUl

iftiqd

examination, Btudy, suroheck,


(e.g.,

fujra pl.

Ji

Mar

mouth

of a

vey,

inspection,

investigation
;

review, inspection
oiU
fqid

of troops)

visit

yalley

devoid,
s.th.;
s.o.;

destitute,

bereft,

jjjjjii fajjfri fine porcelain

deprived (of

with with
|

foll.

genitive),

^ili fgiya

henna bloasom

bereaved (of
-less,

toll,

genitive):
Jl

un-,

in-;

loser

jjiJI

un-

tu /wzo'a o (.Ji /oj") to kncok out, gouge an out ( an eye); to lance, open (
abscess,

conscious; insensible, senseleBs; jwUll iU

and the lue)

c^

('oinoM)

unconscionable, unscrupulous, unhesitating ^j i#JI jJi people without education,


;

to deal s.o. (an Opponent, an

enemy) a

unmannered people
jju mafqd lost, missing, nonexistent, absent, lacking, wanting; missing person
is;-.

heavy blow, min

s.o.

to burst, explode,

pop

^Oi

laqha pl. ^\ji fiqh anus, anal orifice

mutafaqqid Controller, inspector

-l /ojodtt i (/oi,
fail

jli fiqdn, fuqdn) to


.

Ja

faqara

Uaqr) to pierce, bore, per-

to find

(,

b.o., s.th.);

to lose
.

(>,

forate ( s.th.);

faqura u (JjUi faqra)


II

s.o., B.th.)i

to have lost, miss (,


s.th.),

s.o.,

to be or

become poor, needy


s.o.,

to pierce,

s.th.);
(

not to have (

be bereaved

bore, perforate ( s.th.) IV to

make
in

poor,
(.

of

s.o.),

be deprived, bereft, destitute


to

impoverish
s.o.)

(,

s.th.),

reduce

(>

of s.th.);

mislay,

have mislaid

to poverty; to put

(. s.o.)

need

( s.th.); to

the

like)

miss ( an opportunity, and (fawbah) to go u\_y^

&

(Jl

of s.th.)
(Jl

VIII to
s.th.),

become poor; to
lack,

need
s.th.),

s.o.,

require
(Jl

(Jl
s.o.,

out of one's mind IV to cause


deprive, dispossess, rob (

( s.o.)

to

be in need, be in want

of

bereave, lose or miss or forfeit ( s.th.); to

of s.th.)

s.o.

of s.th.)

to seek (*

s.th.),

look, search ( for

Ju

faqr poverty; need, lack,


pl. fiqrt, fiqart,

want

inspect, s.th.); to examine, study, survey,


Visit (> check, investigate (t s.th.); to troops, and the s.th.), review, inspect ( like)

\Ju fiqra

Ju fiqar ver-

tebra; section, paragraph, paasage, article


iSjfiqri spinal, vertebral
(saila)
|

'uj)\

VIII

=
(,

V; to miss^,

s.o., s.th.)

or

jju

ij-JI

i'amvd)

spine,

to miss

s.o., s.th.)

vertebral

column;

\j*

oUlj-- {haya

.&

faqd loss ; bereavement

wnt) vertebrates

723

di
beoome grave,
geroua,
inoreaae
aerious,
oritioal,

jU faqar

(ooll.;

n. un.

!)

vertebra;

dan-

loqr spine, vertobral oolnmn

dangerooaly,

beoome

jdI

/ojilrf

spinal, vertebral

:i

aggravated,

nach alarming

proportions,

ijliiJI (ninln) pine, vertebral

oolumn
poor,

oome to a head
fji fvqgam,
(aJ.)

jJi

/ojfr

pl.

,l_^i

fuqariC'

fuqm

(ooll.; n.

nn.

;)

aeal

poverty-strioken;

poor

man,

pauper;

mendioant dervish, Sufi mendioant

f\ ta/qum aggravation,
gravity
^j-iju

inoreasing

jll

iftiqr need,

requirement, want,

Iaok (Jl of)

fvqntu phoeniz
to understand,
(flqh)

j-yb /aqqt a Und of

largo

oucumber (=

/aqiha a {fiqh)
( s.th.);

jaqika a
to

,j-ii.

mt/^M

pl.

^U.

oomprehend nd faquka u
ep.,
(. s.o.),
. >.o.

ma/fyis* inou-

(Ui jaqka)
have
legal

have knovledge,

bator

knowledge
. s.o.

n
a.o.

to teaoh

^
^ymii

/aqaia

i (Jaqi)

to break, oruah (*
JjJ

instruot (j
s.th.)
s.th.),

in)
.

IV to teach (t
in .th.) (

instruct (>

to to

tA /*:

tA"

(law) thin-shelled

understand,

oomprehend
(q.v.);

a.th.);

almonds

n to hatoh, inoubate (> an egg; of a bird)


t**" /<*
(<1I-; n.

the

study the fiqh acquisitum


s.th.),

to apply o.s. to
in),

of

knowledge (j

study (j

devote one's studies to

un.

;)

a kind of

large

cuoumber
|

(j). work at or on s.th. (j); to gain information, get a elear picture, obtain

i^sii" ta/qif hatohing, incubation

jT jT

a clear idea
tiifiqh understanding, oomprehension knowledge; ill jurisprudenoe in Islam,
fiqh
|

>rJI ^^-i
inoubator

(.

<J-Jo^) or

..ii-JI

J H:

V U-I

Uli

Ji faqqala UhitSba to write

/.

alluga (indigenous,

the word .Li /ogo#

Arabic) philology

"only"

after

the

total on an invoioe so as to prevent fraudulent addition; to spell out the figures of an invoioe
itii faqaf only,

^i
Ji

fiqhi

juristic(al);

relating

to

jurisprudenoe in Islam
/aqih
pl.

L*3i

juqahS'

legist,

no more

(poetpositive);

jurisprudent

(and

theologian),

altogether, total (after figures)


ji

of fiqh (q.v.);

expert
eg.,

(populr usage;

pronounoed
/aqa'a a to burst, pop, erplode II to crack, snap, pop VII faqa'a

fiqi)

reciter of the

Koran;

elementary-school teacher
dli taklta (Ist pers. perf. /alcaktu)

u\ii fiujqSa
jili

pl.

jJUi

/ajji*' bubble

u (falck) to separate, disjoin, disconnect, sever, sunder


(* s.th.);

fqi'

bright

yellow;

bright,

in-

tense, brilliant, vivid (oolor)

to break (open) (* s.th., e.g.,

a
blister,

seal); to

open

( s.th., e.g.,
(>

tbe band);
e.g.,

Uli

fqi'a

pl.

^ily /aiwSgi*"

to

dislooate,

disjoint

s.th.,

vesicle; pustule

bone);

to

take

apart,

disassemble,

laqima a

dismount, take to pieces, disintegrate,


(Jaqam,

/aqm,

fJji /vqm),
to be or

/aquma u (L /ajmd) and VI

break up, deoompose, dismember, frag, mentize (* s.th.); to dismantle,

tear

dl

724

down
fasten,

(*

s.th.);

to untie, unbind, uns.th.);


(,>.

^iSCiJ

tafakkuk fragmentation, breakup,


disruption,

undo

(*

to detach, dis-

dissolution,

rupture,

dis-

engage, take off

* s.th. from); to

union,
sition

split;

disintegration,

deeompo-

unbutton
to
ft,

(* s.th.); to

unscrew
al-hajza

(* s.th.);

raise

(>*J-I

the con-

&J\ infikk disengagement


lilS^il

fiscation,
e.g. ,

j* of

s.th.); to solve (* s.th.,


(eg.)

fakka
(. s.o.);

a problem) ;

to change (* money)

iftikk

redemption (of a pledge)


loose

(Ist pera. perf. fakaktu)

(fahle,

iijS^u
jiSli*

mafkk

j& fikk, fakk)


off, liberate,

to ransom, redeem,

buy
mufakkak
disconnected,
dis-

emaneipate,
(fakk,

release, set free

fakka u
(s.th., o.g.,
s.th.)
;

dji fukk) to
II

jointed, incoherent (words, phrases)

redeem

a pledge)

to loosen,

unfasten {*

to take to pieces, take


(*
s.th.);

jSj fakara u
revolve
in

(fahr) to reflect,

meditate,

cogitate, ponder,

apart, disassemble, dismount

muse, speculate (j on),

one's

mind,

think

over,

to disrupt, shatter, fragmentize (* s.th.)

to be taken apart, be disassembled, be

contemplate, consider (j s.th.); to think


(

dismounted; to be disrupted, be shattered,


(e.g.,

of, also <-)

H = I;
I;

to remind

or *

s.o.

of)

be fragmentized
a hip); to
dissolve,

to break apart
cogitate,
fissure, fission,

IV

to refleot, meditate,

ponder,

muse,

speculate

split,

break up,
apart

disintegrate,

oome

on), revolve in one's mind, think over,

TU

to be separated, be disjoined,

contemplate, consider (j
(J of) VIII
colleot (*,

s.th.);

to think
recall, re-

V; to remember,

be disoonneoted, be loosened,

be un-

s.o., s.th.)

fastened, be undone, be untied, be un*

bound, be unbuttoned, be unsere wed;


to Beparate
o.s. (,>.
o.e.,

_^j fikr
itation,

pl. j6til

afkr thinking, cogmeditation, specu-

detach

o.b.,

disengage
|

reflection,

from), rid o.s.

(>

of)

iiij

|1

lation,

contemplation,

consideration

(with

foli.

imperf. or predioative aoo.)

thought, idea, notion, coneept; opinion,

not to stop doing, keep doing vul to

view

jSCtll
|

ijU

abeent-minded,
al-f.

redeem
solve,

(* B.th., e.g.,

a pledge); to

dis-

distraoted;

j&l ^-ji* muSawwai


bewildered,

break up, separate, disintegrate,

oonfused,

perplezed,

dis-

destroy (> s.th.); to snatch


s.th.

away (^ >

mayed, embarrassed
ijsj fikra
pl.

from

s.o.)

j& fihar
v^L

thought, idea,

ili

fakk redemption

(of

a pledge);
-JSi

notion, oonoept; qualm, soraple, demur,


hesitation
|

(pl. iji

fukk) jawbone, jaw | JjL/jM


<ili)l

iJJti

(father to the

the lower jaw, mandible; J*VI

(a't&)

thought

=)

the

originator,

author;

the upper jaw, marilla

&
lease;

fakka amall change, coins

li Jp (eg.) incidentally .... by apropos (of) speaking of way


. .

the
. .

.,

. .

.,

fjt& fikk, fakk disengagement; re-

ifj&

fikri

ideational, ideative,

spec-

demption, liberation, emanoipation, re-

ulative, mental; intelleotual

ransom
mifakk
pl. -t

jSi
screw driver
itative,

fihkir

pensive, meditative, cog-

,<JLu

thoughtful
tafkir thinking, cogitation,

jL&u tafkik fragmentation, dismemberment, deeomposition


|

jSJ

medi-

O j\

<iL*

'

tation, reflection; speoulation, contemplation, consideration;

a4-4arra nuolear fission

thought

728

tafakkur

thinking,

cogitation,

'Ji

/allo

(/all)

to dent, notoh,
;

Munt
;

meditation, reflection; speculation, con-

s.th., e.g.,

a sword)

to break ( s.th.)
|

(<

templation, consideration

/alla to flee,
reflecting,
J-

run away

<ji Ji (garbah),
.OjJ. Ji to
s.o.;

jSU.

mvfakkir

thinking,

i> J (hiddatiKi) and


s.o.;

meditating, pondering, musing; pensive, meditative, cogitative; thinker

weaken

to

dampen, subdue

:jSU. mufakkira notebook

i^j,

:ju

W^ i> J (fabahu) to weaken s.o. II to dent, notch, blunt (* s.th., e.g., a sword)
J /au
pl.

(yaumiya) diary, Journal

Jyj and

julil dent, notoh, jag;


pl.)
pl.

Cj\ju mufaklcarl thoughts, conaiderationa

/all (for sg.

Jyj

ftdl, J^il

a/Ul,

Ji(i

fvlll

defeated, vanquished;

scattered remnants of an

army

jiSj fakaSa u to sprain VII to be Bprained


Sj /akiha a (fakak,

J^U. majll dented, jagged, notched,


blunt
f

Kj
II

jaMha) to be or

become gay, merry,


jocular,

cheerful, aportive,

humoroua

to

amuae
to

J
(.

fill,

fll (eg.)

rabian Jasmine ( Jasminum

s.o.)

sambao

L.; bot.)

with jokea
(

III to joke, jest,


(. .o.)

make fun
Ji fall, fill cork

with), banter
(

have fun
to joke,

with),

amuse o.a., be amused (i_< by);

make fun
gay,

* viUa pl.

-m

vla, country house

fakih

merry, gleeful,
fun-loving,
(thing)

jolly,

cheerful,

sportive,

jocular,

cJi jahla
from),
s.o.,

(/oft)

humorous; amusing

to eeoape (j.

s.o., s.th.;

slip

away, get away


be

(^

from
free,

K jvMha joking, jeating, funmaking;


humor

from

s.th.); to

be freed, be set be

be
fukhi

released,

liberated,
(,
.

set

at

^Ki
humorist

humorous, humoristie;

liberty;

to

let

s.o.,

s.th.)

escape

or
ujlcha

slip

away

or get away, let looae,


liberate,

free,

release,
,

set

free,

set
I;

jSjI

at to

joking,
pl. <S\i\

jesting,

fun-

liberty (,

s.o.,

s.th.)

making; humor;
jeats,

IV

akfh' jokes,

eecape
get

pranks, antios
lafkiha

(^

s.o.,

s.th.; from), slip


s.o.,

away,
to

away (^ from

from

s.th.);

"<&

amusement, exhilaration,

delectation

free o.s., extricate o.s. (,> from); to be freed, be set free, be released, he liberated,

^TLi. mufikaha bantering talk, joking,

be set at liberty VII to escape


s.th.;

(j,,

s.o.,

kidding

from), slip away, get


s.o.,

away

(&.

&

from
lafakkuh
delight,

from

s.th.); to

free o.a., ex-

enjoyment,
talk,

amusement, diversion; humorous


joking, banter

tricate o.s. (j. from); to be finished (,> with); to be freed, be set free, be released,

be liberated, be set at liberty


gleeful, jolly,

TU fkih gay, merry, funny; humorous


i^TU fkiha
fruit(s)
(coli.)

cJi fatal escape


<ii falia
pl. jalatt

pl.

STy jawkih'

uneipected event,
slip,

unexpected

turn;

extravaganoe;

oversight, error, lapse; jaUatan suddenly,

Jl^Tli lilrihni fruit

seller, fruit

dealer

unexpectedly

.Ji

726

J-U jlik luoky, fortunate, suocessful

licentious,

wanton, dissolute, debauched;

debauchee, libertine, roue, rake; goodfor-nothing, ne'er-do-well

ful;

JLu mu/IA luoky, fortunate, suooessone who prospers, one who is well off
pl.

ili

ia

ait, J fiai, S*l o/Wtf a

o^il

iflt

esoape

pieoe (of meat)

o*)UJl in/* escape

own
.Uli

blood, his

>lS ;J /. kabidiln bis own ohild; ^ij^ Mil o.


|

cJli /ltf escaped, free, at liberty, at


large;

al-ar4 the hidden treasure of the earth

esoapee;

(pl.

/uioM' 1 )

li-

centious, wanton, dissolute, debauched;

iVji

and jiVji look up

alphabetically

debaucbee,

libertine, roue,

rake; good-

jjl look up alphabetically

for-nothing, ne'er-do-well

jfiliu.filaa
>-li lalaja

pl.

- (nonprecious) metal
(.

i (/aij)

to split, oleave ( s.th.);

pass. /ulij'o to be semiparalyied II to split,

^n

to declare

s.o.)

bankrupt or

in-

cleave ( s.th.)
_li
jalj

VII to be semiparalyzed
jii
lulj

solvent IV to be or

beoome bankrupt or

insolvent, to fail; to be ruined

pl.

crack,

split,

crevice, fissure, cleft, rift


1-li

/uJ fels,
jdXij

^Ai faU (coUoj. pronouncedyU) pl. ^jii a small ooin, in Iraq and

semiparalysis, hemlplegia

Jordan

= Viom

of a dinar;

pl.

^jii

(tg.)

,jLu maflj Bemiparalyzed, hemiplegio


-Li
pl.

money

Bcales (of
(n.
(pl.

fish)

Wj

.In taflU

vic. i) deolaration

of

look up alphabetically

bankruptcy;

^U"

ta/Jis)
|

bank-

ruptcy, insolvenoy, failure

-JiJI jj-U

receiver (in bankruptcy; Eg.)


_li lalaha

a (/oW) to
tili,

split,

cleave ( s.tb.);

to plow,

cultivate

Oj^I al-artfa
'Jl

the
lit.:

^.^il
failure

ifls

bankruptcy,

insolvenoy,

Und)
iron

jJi

iAt-lj Jj-d-l

(yflahv.)
i.e.,

is

cleft

with iron,

approx.:

be met with rudeness IV and X to thrive, prosper, become hapluoky, py; to have luck or suocess, be be successful (j in, with)
rudeness must

irii. insolvent

muit pl. .j-J U. ma/iiJ bankrupt,

,^UJi /ijwfin Palestine


JJ.
11

-n) filasfini Palestinian; (pl.

-^i /oiA thriving, prosperity;


vation; welfare; succefls

sal.

Palestinian
II

/ako/a to philosophize

II talalaafa do.;

o-^

filha

cultivation, tillage;

agri-

to pretend to be a philosopher
i
li

culture, farming,

husbandry
-n,

jaUaia philosophy
laltafi philosophio(al)
pl.

-^i /oA
of the
soil,

pl.

o-^i

jaJiha tiller

JJli

husbandmanj peasant, farmer,


JijjLi /oOofi/

U-* laln/a

philos-

feUah
;-&

faha
girl

pl.

-li

peasant

woman;

opher
,_
li-

mujaUij

pl.

-n philosopher

peasant

.-& jalihi peasant'a, farmer's, farming, country, rural, rustic, agricultural

,_

l:-.

mutalaliif philosophaater, phi-

losophist

727

Ui

volf pl. i^,'l avlt volt (d.)

'illi II

to have round breasts

(girl); (>yr.)

to

jJli

falfaha to

make broad, broaden, Satten

predict the future, prophesy

( s.th.)

di falak
oelestial
celestial

pl.

-Ji\

ajlk celestial sphere;


circuit,

ZJLlifilth broad, flattened, flat


jJJji.

body, star;
bodies)
|

orbit

(of
al-f.

ilUJI

'Um

mujaltah broad, flattened,

flat

astronomy; astrology
illi

,Ji /alu'a

(/aT) to split, cleave, rend, tear


( s.th.) II do.

jvlh (m.

and

f.)

ship,

(also ooll.)

asunder
jl

ships; (Noah's)
jv.lv.'

Ark

l<d'.

'

pl.

^jli

orack, split,

^li
(pl.

falalci

astronomic(al); astrologic(al)
falalciya)

crevice, flssure, cleft, rift


Jji /a//ala to

-fin,
|

LSUi
,1

astronomer,

astrologer

JU

do.

pepper (

B.th.)

4>li* mafik ill-starred, unlucky, unJji Ivlfvl.filfil (coli.; n. un.


n. un. Uli
I)

pepper;
(aib^ar)
(eg.)

fortunate
dHJL,

peppercorn
|

y-i^l

Jj

green

peppers; Jxlijb

drafilfil

a
'"'S'jli

mvfaUik girl with round breasts


pl. lill^U

variety of pepper (Piper


6o(.)

Chaba Hout.;

falka

jal'iV sloop, felucca;

boat
fvlfuli, filfili pepperlike,

JjU

peppery,

$lyi

fal'iki

pep periah
JiLi. mvfalfal peppered
jli /afc^a

(J^) boatman
s.th.)

j^l lallcana to vulcanize (

t (/<j!y)

to split, cleave, rive, sunder,

film pl.

|^il

aflm film; motion picture


|

tear asunder (* s.th.); to cause (* dawn) to break, dispel the Bhadows of night
(of

(- (U {mujaMam) 3 J> film; jL ii {mtdawwan) color film; jLL) ii sound


film

God)

II to split, oleave, rive, sunder,

tear asunder ( s.th.)


cleft,

to be split, be
oleave,

ijX-Ji falamandi Flemish;

Fleming

be torn

apart;

to split,

become cracked, be of cracks or fissures VII V; to burst; to break (dawn); (e^.) injaliq go
fll

crack, flssure, be or

JUi

fdlamanhi Dutch, HoUandish, Nether-

lander

hang yourself! go to

'O^i /uin,

f.

i^li

hell!

fulna' (substituting for

an unnamed or unspecified person or


Ivlq
crack,
split,

jU

falq

pl.

3jii

thing) so-and-so

crevice, flssure, cleft, rift

^i

fvlni
pLJI

adjective

of the above
|

jU

falaq daybreak,

dawn
one half (of a
split
2

5J ^UJI

at

such and such an

iL filga pl. jti filaq

hour
jAj look up alphabetically

thing)

legs

falaqa

a device for holding the


ijxli falartdra Flanders

of the delinquent during the bastuiado


pl.

J^ jaq

bandit,

highwayman,

lJi jalantca

pl.

-<a

(railroad)

tie,

sleeper

highway robber
jLi jailaq
military unit;
pl.

jJLl

jayliq'

a large

jiifilw pl. oUl afiS; jls jalw, jvlw pl. ol

army

corps; corps

afi', jj^i falw

colt, foal

jb

728

Ji

falan (coli.; n. un.


*-ii\

;->l

falh) pl.

. >Jlil

all

kinds
(ji*nfln )

of,

sundry, various;

iljli falawt,

qfUT waterless deaert;

ji Oyi-1

inaanity haa

open country; open Space

varieties, manifests itaelf in

many many ways


special ty;

art

(pl.

J Uli al-malU the pastures, the grazing


grounda

Clfi funn) scientific disoipline,

field
|

of work,

special

field,

jji- 1

,>ill

(JofM) art of war, strategy

jjli ,/Ur fluorine (c*em.)

LJ.I 0>j)l or i*JJ\ 0>ill or

Oyill

O
iL faU
(

HJiLl\ (mwto?ra/a) the


j^ii* mufalwir fluoreacent
(/o(y) to delouse, aearoh for lice

flne

arte;

,y

oLI
in-

/.

al-maktabi

library

science;

J~JI yi\
journalism

(fuhvfi) BCience of journalism;

s.th.);

to

examine,

scrutiniie,

vestigate ( s.th.) II to delouse, aearoh


for lice, rid of lioe ( s.th.)
Jli jliya

Ji /onn!

specialist(ic) ;

expert,

pro-

to louse

o.a.

fessional; teohnical; artistic(al); taotical,


strategic(al)
;

spotted dng beetle; touch-

teohnician; artist

hole (of old-time firearms)

*^i fanniya artistry


,>
(of

Lli fvlayy

'<& (see below)

janan

pl.

jbil ajnn branch, twig

tree, of a shrub)

,>_UJI alflibin the Phippine Islands

O
jM
Ji,

/onnn

pl.

-n artist

O J^

Jl*

fallin

and iJi taaina cor^


jtayya
(eo.)

pl.

y\ Jl> (umml)

artiatio

handi-

Ji

pennyroyal (Mentha

craftsman, commercial artist

pulegium L.;

bot.)

Li fannna woman
Oyil u/nn
pl.

artist

jJi falyn godchd [Chr.)

1 Jlil o/ntn branch,

twig (of a tree)

fam

(construct State also


(eg.)

aftmh;

/umm

pl.

M afmm moutb
hole,

f) pl. Ijil

jiij to/onnun diversity, variety,


tiplioity,

mul-

multifanouaness;

many-sided-

muzzle;

orifice,

aperture,

vent;

mouth, embouohure (of a river), head (of a canal, etc.); mouthpiece (eap., of
a
cigarette,
|

ness, vereatflity (j in); varied activity,

aotivity in various fields; maatery; skillful,

of a pipe, etc.); cigarette

workmanlike or chic manner

holder

c<jJ-l

/am

al-ht star

in

the

constellation Pisois Australis,


jUI

Fomalhaut;

bjl iftinn diversity, variety, multiplioity, multifariousness; many-sided


ness, versatility (j in); varied activity,

oVT wind

instrumenta

activity in varioua fields; maatery


3

II

to diversify, vary, variegate (a s.th.),

bring variety or diversity (* into s.th.); to mix, mingle, jumble ( s.th.) V to be or become manifold, multifarious, varied,
variegated, diverse, many-sided, versatile

Jje.
satile

muto/onm'n

many-sided,

ver-

Jik. mu/tonn masterful, expert, moster-

ing one'B field

to use different kinds; to be a specialist,

an expert, a master (j
(

in a fleld), master

Jzi janr

pl.

-ffl

lighthcuse

s.th.)

VIII

V
JU^i^njdl
pl.

br-li lanjil'

Jl~J

yM

/onn

pl.

iljj

/unn, jlil o/nn, speoimen, variety;


|

a/nin 1

kind,

o\*~ifinj&n and iUui./m/anapl. ^j-bi/onj'in*

pl. y,\i\

various sides (of 8.th.), diversity

oup; coffee cup

il)l*^J

ijj

J~r

729

(zauba'atan)

to

cause a tempest in a

ation

of the

seif;
|

to

become

totally

teapot
j+J fanjara: oLc- j+jS (ainaihi) to stare,

absorbed (j by)

Ji V
(*,
.

imperishable,

inexhaustible IV to annihilate, bring to

nought, ruin, destroy


glare (j at
s.o.,

s.o., s.th.);

to

at s.th.)

exhaust, consume, wear out, spend


to squeese (* s.th.); to ins.o., s.th.);

{*,

fanaka a

to cause (* s.th.) to
(* by)

become

validate, nullify, void (* s.th.); to break


(a a contract,

absorbed or oonsumed

VI to anniby),

an agreement)
s.o.)

hilate each other; to be

consumed (J

lose o.a. (J in), identify o.a. completely

xi

II

to call

liar,

prove

(, s.o.)
{

with)

to dedicate o.s. with heart and

wrong, disprove, oonfute, refute, rebut


(* (
s.o.,

soul, give o.s.

over wholeheartedly (j to

s.th.);

to classify, specify {*

some

aotivity)

s.th., e.g.,

the items of an invoice); to


itemize
(* s.th.)

detail,

partioularize,
( s.o.)

Li fand*

passing

away, cessation of

IV to prove

wrong; to disprove,
* s.o., B.th.)

being; perdition, ruin, destruotion, annihilation;

oonfute, refute, rebut (*,

evanescenoe, vanishing, ter-

mination, extinction; exhaustion; non-

jxi funduq
jli
pl. -dt

pl.

jiLi fandiq* hotel, inn

being,
tinction

nonexistenee,

nonentity;

ex-

look

up alphabetically
look up alphabetically

of

individual

consciousnesa,

reoedence of the ego, obliteration of the


i

_r -

- jjL

pl.

^Iji

seif (myst.)

ici

II

to detail, particularize, itemize, enu(* s.th.)

Li find'

pl.

l^i\

afniya

courtyard;

merate item by item

open Bpace in front or at either aide


of a house; open hall
|

LiJI

iiUj rahbat

^Lki

finfda pl. (j-^Li fanfis1 water tank,

al-f.

hospitable reception, generous enter jiil

reservoir, cistern; large Container

tainment;
f.

Li

j J.&

jL.

(yakj,

<

r^l*ii

fiTifis pl.

(j-J!^*

fandfis* broad-

il-gurja)

he walked about the room

nosed
Lil ijnd* annihilation, ruination, ruin,

ki

finfisa pl.

(j-J^Li fan&fis*

snout

destruotion

(of swine)

Lu tafnin mutual annihilation;


denial, self-sacrifice (in an aotivity)
jli fnin

self-

ij \jid funugrdf pl. -dt phonograph

jj V
'liLi

to live in ease

and affluence

evanescent, transitory, tranvain; exhausted;


far

sient,

ephemeral,
in years,

fanak fenneo

(zool.)

advanced

very old

'^JLj look
loiLi

up alphabetically

Jpjfinlqi Phoenician
i-JLJ finiqiya*

finland Finland

and Li-j finlqiy Phoeni-

jxi finlandl
^* faniya a

Finnish; Finn
pass away, perish,
to Ji-J
(Fr. phinique) finlk

(.Li fand') to

phenol,

carbolic

cease to exist,
to

oome to nought;

oome

acid, also ^LiII ,j-i*U.

an end,

oease,

wane, dwindle, eva-

4>Uy fahha weakness, impotence


J^i fahd pl. ij+i fuhd,

nesce, vanish;

to be extinguished, be-

come

extinct ;

to

be

exhausted,

be

-Ifil

afhud lynx (also

consumed, be spent; to undergo

obliter-

the term for cheetah and panther)

730

^.jii fahrasa (<->^i fahrasa) to compile

an

jj?

tafahhum gradual understanding;

index (Ll=T for a book), to index (LbT a

understanding, comprehension, grasping,

book)

grasp

fahris 3 table of contents, index; cata-

**Uj tafhum mutual understanding, mutual agreement, concurrence, accord;


understanding (* with, J on, about); agreement, arrangement (* with) *y
|

logue; Hat

^i

fahima a ((ahm, faham) to understand,

**LiJl s' at-t. (mutual) misunderstanding,

comprehend,
(*
s.th.),

realize

(*

B.th.);

to note

discord, dishannony, dissension


flfjk-l istifhm inquiry <jt

take

note,

take

cognizance
* of s.th.

(* of s.th.); to hear, learn

about; also
al-ist.

(,y>

from), be informed (j- * of

s.th.

by);

^
it

J); question

fl^c-lM

**

^ 'almat

<* to understand
s.o.
is

s.o.,
j

understand what

question

mark
istifhmi interrogative (gram.)

aaya or

means
it is

*^i (yufhamu)
...,

i/Lfis-*l

reported,

said that

we underunder

stand that

...

II to

make
s.o.

(* s.o.)

j+A f
hensible,

mafhm understood
intelligible,

compre-

understandable
signification;
|

stand or see (* s.th.), instruct (*


in s.th.), give (*

s.o.

known;
(pl.

sense,

meaning,

s.th.)

to under-Li.

stand IV

II;

mafhim*)

notion, concept

to try to understand

*^1J
jl

in the literal sense, literally; un-

or comprehend (* s.th.); to understand

equivocally ,

unambiguously

clearly
...

gradually,

come

to understand (* s.th.);

to penctrate, fathom (* B.th.); to under-

m^I

it is said, it is

reported that

stand, comprehend (a s.th.) VI to under-

ji f see i

fam
voe (dress material)
L.;

stand

one

another

to

communicato
Jlji (Fr.) futvl

with each other; to reach an understanding,

come

to terms (*

an agreement, come with, J in, about); to be


to

Ij fwa
bot.)

(eg.)

madder (Rubia tinctorum

comprehended, be underatood
understand, comprehend (*
inquire (jt or *

VIII to

s.th.)

to

(*>y)

of

s.o.

about

s.th.),

ask

iU fta u {faut, ->\y fawt) to pass away, vanish; to be over, be past; to go by


s.o.
()

(j* or *
41

* b.o.

s.th.

or about s.th.)

PMB

s.o. ();

to escape,

elude

( s.o.), alip

away; to abandon, give


to exceed,
it

(ahm

pl. f I4

afhm understanding
perceptive

up, leave behind, relinquish (* s.th.); to


anticipate, foreatall
Biirpass
is
(i_j

comprehension,
ulty,

graap;
;

fae

(
|

s.o.);

perceptivity

brains,

intellect
inal-f.

s.o.

by)

discernment,
ight,

acumen, penetration,
|

(too) late ; jl 4j it

c2J\ <lM (wagt) escaped him that


failed, or
...,

. . .

intelligence

+1

j-

**

he omitted, neglected,
to
...;

forgot

misapprehension, misunderstanding
^i

he

failed to see that

he overjl

fahim quick-witted, of acute

dis-

looked the fact that...; jl lu


fxdku) he did not fa to
....

(ya

cernment
-4

he did not

fahim

pl.

L*i fuham' 3 disceming,

neglect to

...;

i^jiJI cJ ftathul-furpatu
jLUiJl <l*

judicious, sensible, intelligent


44I4J

he missed the opportunity; missed the train


II

he

to

make

(*

s.th.)

fahhma

very

understanding,

extremely sympathetic
f+J tafhtm instruction, orientation

escape (J* s.o.); to cause (J* s.o.) to miss (* B.th.); to let ( b.o.) pass; to
alienate, seil (* s.th., tun.)

IV to make

731

JJ

(a s.th.) escape ( s.o.); to


mifl (* .th.)

make
be

{* s.o.)

be fragrant; to apread,
(fragranoe)
l-gadsa)
|

diffuse,

emanate
(SofA

TI to

differ,

different,
s.th.

<-!-OJI

lii

_U

be dissimilar Till to offend against

he was reputed to be a holy

(J*), act contraiy to (J*), belie, betray

man
'**-j

<>

a.th.)

Oji

faul escape;

fauha fragrant emanation, breath

(pl.

c*\ji\ afwt)

of fragrance
^l_ji

distance, interval; differenoe

faivwk ezhaling, diffusing (fra-

olji
f.

J-^' ^j al-ajal the passing of the appointed


|

fatot passing, lapse

grance)

time, expiration of the deadline; otjill


b [bi-l-mudda) superannuation; o!_ji
-i*>

jy fand

pl. j[yl

ajwd temple; hair around

the temples

(\j^\) cJJ\ (j.-waqt,%l.awn) toolatej


(o\j*i\ or)

cJJ\

j\ji

JJ

before

it is

too

Ute

Hjj) jli fra u (faur, o\jy fawarn) to boil, simmer, bubble; to boil over (also fig.);
to
effervesce,
fizz;

to

flare

up,

bunt

Cjy fuwait (m. and f.)one followinghis,


or her,

into passion; to gush forth, well forth,

or her,

own opinion way only


tafivit pl. -t

only, acting in his,

gush up,
g round)
II

shoot
to

up (water from the make (* s.th.) boil (also


stir

Cj>u

alienation, tranafer,

%,

e.g.,

the blood); to exoite,


(a s.th.) boil

up

sale (tun.)

(* s.th.)

IT to make
boiling,
etc.

Ojli> tafwui difference, dissimilarity,


disparity, oontrast;

jji faur
ebullition,

simmering, bubbling,
I);
\

disharmony

(see

JJh fauran at

once, right away, instantly, forthwith,

oLiil

iftiySt

treason (J* to), betrayal

on tbe

Spot,

without delay, promptly,

(J* 0 offen (J* against)


cJ\*
f'it past,

immediately, direotly; jjk faura (prep.)

elapsed (time); passing;

immediately after
(l*j_>*

j^ill

^ or

jjt

transitory, tranriont; passerby

,>

etc.)

or j^iJI

J* at once, right

OjU^'>>_t* raphy
( Jt -

mutafw

different

away, instantly, forthwith, on the spot, without delay, promptly, immediately,


photogdirectly
<jjj

fotografia) fotgrfiy

fauri

prompt,

instantaneous,

j'.A>Lt* fotgrfi Photographie ; photog-

instant, immediate, direct


~*jj*

rapher
faura flare-up, outburst, tantrum
4-Iy (Fr. fatOeu) ftSh pl. -t annchair, fauteuil

j\j*

fawwr

boiling

up,

ebullient;
(spring,
iras-

effervescent,
etc.);
pl. g\ji\

fizzing;

bubbling

^ji /au;

afwj group, crowd, troop,


cible shift
{

foaming, frothy; hot-headed,

band ; detachment ; party ;


mine);
battalion
(Ir. (Ir.
tili

in

a
jlji

1922;

Syr.,
U-Ijil

fawwra

spring,

fountain,

jet

Leb.); regiment

since 1922);
|

d'eau
\jji fawarn boiling, simmering, bubbling, ebullition; flare-up, outburst
_-li

afwjan in droves, in orowds


tabaddul
al-f.

r-

jl J-iJ

ohange of

shift

(^j)

fha u (fauh, \*-j fawahn) to

f'ira

uproar, riot; oommotion,

diffuse

an aroma, ezhale a pleasant odor,

agitation, ezeitement

, ;

732

*j pl. ljj and


IXjji

!jli

look up alphabetically

*jj~*j*

faudawiya anarchism

*i/ /urjb
furSina hairpin

iiyH tafwi4 entrustment, commitiJ


ment,
oonsignment,
commisaion(ing)
charging;
authorization,

Icjl^j^i (It. forcina)

empowerment,

ljujji

<*; jjli

look up alphabetioally
(/<"**)

delegation of authority; authority, Warrant, authorization,

mandate, mandatory

(Jj*) jl* /*"*

to

De auccessful, be

power, procuration, proxy, power of attorney


general
|

viotorious, triumph; to attain, achieve,

tt

or) jlL* yjiy (muflaq,

tmm)

(f

accompliah, obtain, gain, win

{*-<

B.th.);

power of attorney, nnlimited


lj

to defeat,

beat (J* an Opponent, with; sports, etc.); to escape (^ s.th.)


Jj'liu

v
|

authority ;

itijjd\ SJLy

Warrant of attor-

ney
~<JjlL,

JU U

(bi-t'in)

to

fail,

be unmuftoada
pl.
II

-M negotiation,
to open negoti-

sucoessful,

aooomplish

nothing

to
parley, talk, oonferenoe; partnership (lel.

cross the desert, travel through or in the

Law)
ations

oLijUII ^L. ^i

desert

jy

faut

succeas,

triumph,

victory;
ijjjJL*

obtainment,

attainment,

achievoment,

mufawwa4 authorized

agent, de|

aecomplishment; escape
JU* ntafxa
desert
Jr'li

puty, proxy, mandatory; oommisaioner


ijijk*

jjj

minister

plenipotentiary
(sml)

pl.

-M,

JjU* mawtz*
viotorious,

(dipl);

JUI

^^ill

the High

Commissioner (formerly
f'iz

in Syr.)
pl.
-t

successful,

tri-

<~Jj*
{dipl.);

mufatvwadiya
|

legation
i'ulyS)

umphant;

victor,

winner winner

commissariat

LLJI

w^ill

ij\i f'ixa viotress,

the High Commissariat (formerly in Syr.)

,j>\*

f*

= u^ti fa's

wjill

jLtl-* mustaSr aX-m. connselor

of legation {dipl.)

oLi-_y fusft phoaphate

&ji ffa
^Jli

pl.

^y

fuwaf apron, pinafore;

and

3-ili

look up alphabetioally

napkin, serviette; towel


i**i fau'a; t^Ulll

jjA-^y fvffr phosphorus


ijiji

**y fau'at ai-fabb prime

II to
Jl
>i

entrust, consign,
s.o.

commit

(*

of youth

or
(*
(>i

to or

B.th.);

to entrust, oharge

ijy

ff pellicle,
4ji

membrane membrane
*-^ (l au&) white-

Jl

s.o.

with),
s.th.

commisaion

s.o.

or Jl) to

do

(*);

to authorize,
Jl
s.o.),

ffa pellicle,

empower, delegate (J or
fll

give

i_j^i mufawwaf : J>jJu

power
s.th.),
,

(J or Jl to s.o.) III to negotiate treat,


*

Btriped

garment

(*

parley,

confer

(j on,
(Jjy) Jli f&qa

about,

with)

VI to negotiate or
( j s.th.)* treat,

{fauq,
(*,

jly fawq) to surpasa,

treat or parley with one another, confer


(

excel,
(*,

overtop

s.o.,

s.th.),
(

tower

j on, about)

to negotiate

above); to.be superior

to s.o.);

parley, confer (j on, about; * with)

to outweigh, outbalance; to transcend,

exceed

(* s.th.)

to remember

J*

s.th.)

^y
iSj^iji

faud

disorder.

disarray,

con*

->,.

jlj (3jj*

fuwq, jly futoaq) to give

fusion, tohubohu, chaos;

anorchy

faudavA anarchic; chaotio

up the ghost, expire, die II to direct, level (Jl m a weapon at), aim (Jl * s.th. at);

733

y
tiona
[

to (a)waken,
consciousness

wate
(

up, revive, restore to


;

*j Jijl

Jwji

artfa'anl a. birrihf

s.o.)

to clear, sober ( * the


b.o.)

he showered me with kindnesses


4*lil

head); to remind

IV to reoover,
ifqa recovery, reouperation, con-

recuperate, oonvalesce (^* from), regain


health; to

valesoence;

awakening;

revival,

resto-

wake up, awake; to get up (|>>Ji j* min an-navm from sleep); to be awake; to come to, regain consciousneas
(,> after, e.g.,

ration to consciousness

jji;

tafawumq

superiority;

prepon-

alter a Bwoon, after a State

derance, predominanoe, ascendanoy, su-

of intoxication) ; to awaken, arouse, stir

premaoy;
talent talent
|

above-average

Performance,

up
(J*

(^*

s.o.

from) V to be superior
overtop (J*
s.o.,

<3>&f a: **.*J promotion of young

to), surpasB, ezoel,

tower (J* above); to do exeellent work, show outstanding Bki (lj in,
a.th.),

jlli f'iq superior; surpassing, exeellent,

exquisite,

first-rate ;

outstanding,

re-

with); to pass
tinction
(

an examination with
a course)
(,>.

dis-

markable,

Btriking ;

pre-eminent

ex-

in

to recover,

ceedig, extraordinary; going far


(a
restriction,
etc.) ;

beyond
waking,

recuperate, convalesce

from), regain

awake,

health; to

wake up, awaken; to get up


to, regain consciousness

wakeful
i

(pJl j* min an-navm from sleep) ; to be

awake; to come
(,>.

}Ju mvfj awake, waking, wakeful


mutafawwiq superior; BurpasBing,

after, e.g., after

a swoon, after a Btate

3jJcj>

of intoxioation)
3j faugu (adv.) up, upstairs, on top,

exeellent, exquisite, first-rate, outstanding,

remarkable, striking; pre-eminent;

viotor

above; fauqa (prep.) above, over; on,

on top
/.

of;

beyond, more than

xU jy Jy

Jjii-x mu&tafiq awake, waking, wakeful


fl
(ooll.;

al-hadd boundless, unlimited, infinite,


liJli

n.

excessive, exaggerated;

jy moreover,
(banafsaji)

un.

!)

pl.

-i
|
(

bean(B);
_r

broad bean(s), horae bean(s)


(eg. t

-J-

besides, furthermore, in addition to that,

Jy
J_y

beyond that

mddammis) oooked broad


oil

beans

j**-x.J\
(

3j*

with

ultra violet; *~U! 3j* supernatural;

jy jy

(national dish in Egypt);

Jljj- (adnl) peanut(s)

iUI extraordinary, unusual, exceptional;


special,

emergency

(e.g.,

meeting);
....

*Jl

Jly

fatowl seller of beans

in addition to the fact thatit


its

beyond
fauqihl
it

being

. . . ;

4#y
that);

U and
*iy ^
it,

upward, and

JVy

fvld steel

more (than
above
it;

min

jiVy
(adj.),

flgl
steel,

and

^^i

ful4%

Bteel

from above

from atop

of

made

of steel;

steely,

steel-like, Bteel-hard

tiUy fauqni located higher or above,


higher, upper
li fdqa poverty, want, needineaa, in-

cJj voU volt

(el.)

* fm

*y (um
pl. -d*

digence
jl_y

jvwq

hicoup(s);

gasping

ijljiyji funvgrf
of a
(y) U /dAo

phonograph

dying peraon, death rattle


Jjjlil

(/ouA) to pronounce, utter,

aftvig*

(pl.

of U*i f\qa) milk

voiee, say (lj s.th.) *ly!


*ij\i\

(gathering in the udder between two milkiE)i

a/wA

pl.

of *i /am;

*l_yl

afwh,

(%) boons, kindnesses, benefac-

afwih* aromatics, spices

u
,

y
;

734

fwa
;

(eg.)

madder (Rubla

tinc-

i fi'a aee *j

torum L.
Imjs

bot.)

,>*LJ fttmln

pl. -t

vitamin

fha

pl.

-t.

lyl

a/urA,

Jly
ori-

fatv'ih*
fice,

mouth; opening, aperture,

>Ui viyet-nm Vietnam


jtJ
v\t t vit

hole, vent; muzzle;

crater; abyss,

veto

{pol.)

_>uiJI
|

>-

haqqal-v.

gulf,
jil

chasm; hydrant

(yr.)

veto power

(jjoJ.)

ajwah* broad-moutbed

^i.

mw/ourwo eloquent
in; at;

j^
Company of

faitn

phaeton

(light

four-wheelod

caniage)
*jl a/yaA",
f.

(prep.)
;

on; near, by; within,


in

L-i /oiA*" fragrant, redolent,

during

among,

the

aromatic,
extensive;

sweet-amelling ;
U-jiJl

wide,

vast,

witb; about, on; conceming, regarding,

epithet of

Damasoua
Btrong-

with reference
to, aa to;

to,

with regard or respect

dealing with, treating of, con-

-Li

fayyh

heavy-scented,

aiating in (in

book

titlea)

for the sake of,

smelling
(ij)

on behalf

of,

because

of, for;

aocording

IV to

benefit,

help,

avail

b.o.), (

be
to

to; in proportion to; (as to ayntactical

of use, of help, bring advantagea


s.o.),

regimen aee under the respective verb)


ii

d">
. . .

y u
?

f6 !

'

w *>uld
. . .

be

useful,

helpful,
(

benefioial,

profitable,
?

advantageous
s.o. b.o.

for s.o.); to

you
^tf

like

to

do

you want to
jli.1

teach (*
i-i-

* 1

a.th.);

to notify, advise
1

j
j

*r- five timea three;


five

(u or *
b.o.

of),

acquaint (u or *
(i_>

Ijlc

meters by ten (width and


(kidb)
lie

length);

He;

words, idle taik; ^jUI


aocial
(5-i>

^ r
!(.

^iT j ^f
j r&

with

a.th.),

inform

or *

* a.o.

of,

after

{kalm)

just ao
->jUI

many
our

about), let
to report

( s.o.)

know

(i_>

or m about);
e.g.,

(l->

or * B.th., also,

to the

tf-

police

OL or jl that) ; to acquire, gain, win


to

relations

are

those

of kinafolk;
(* a.th.);
,j* ^*

derive

benefit profit,

or

flm matf or jLjll j*

advantage
by),

(zamn) in the paat; formerly, before; Li (yo/i) and -Lw Li (6a'du) in the
Jj following, in
{a'taqidu)

(^

from), profit, benefit (j*


B.th.)

turn (j*

to account or ad-

vantage; {gram.) to convey a complete,


self-contained
gain,

what followa, below; jj^l L

as I believe;

^u

meaning

to

acquire,

\j

among

win

(* a.th.); to learn,

be told, be

themselves,
fo!xuanui
/*

among them;

i-*^

(*

informed (* about); to derive benefit,


profit,

uty he amiled malicioualy


|

or

advantage

(l_>

or ^> from),

Li flm (conj.) while; in that, as


in case that
"(Li) tlj /'o
. . . ,

lil

\J

profit, benefit

(^

or

,>

by), turn

(^

or

if

j*
to return
;

a.th.)

to account or advantage; to
{<-

j fax')

to ahift from

utilize,

turn to profitable uae, ubc

weat to eaat (shadow)

II to afford

shadow,

or * a.th.),

make

uae

(l->

or j* of B.th.);

be Bhady
to
a.o.

(tree)
a.th.);

IV to give aa booty (* J*
to
give,
afFord,

to gather, conclude, deduce, infer (j*

from)
aJl

grant,
(*

award (* J* to upon s.o. a.th.) V to ahade


a.o. a.th.),

beatow
o.a.

J*

afyad* more uaeful; more profit-

{j or *

able
li\i\

with

B.th.),

seek ahade

j or * under a.th.)

fda utility, uaefulneaa, benefit,


(pl. -t)

advantage;
noon) shadow

notice, notification,

communication,

information,

meesage;

735
testimony, deposition
f
">^= VI

d*
o.s.

(in

court)

ijLil

without restraint (j to

s.th.);

to

acknowledgment of receipt

speak or report eitensively, in


at great length
(

detail,
(

LLl-I isti/da utilization, use


SjILi

about), dwell
(

on),

describe in detail
/'ida
benefit,
pl.

jS\j jaw'id' utility,

J to
(

s.o.

s.th.);

avail,

advantage; gain, profit;


;

intereat (on

money) useful

lesson, moral;

use

(e.g.,

of a medicine)
beneficial,

to pronounce distinctly v a Word) X to pour forth, spread (J* over), flood (J* s.th.) to spread (of news) to be superabundant, be too much; to be elaborate,
; ;

a-i*

mufld useful,

advan-

complete in

detail, exhaustive,

thorough
deluge;

tageous; favorable, profitable; instructive


.iLi.

^ij

jaid

flood,

inundation,

port,
l

mufd Contents, substance, purmeaning (e.g., of an article) LSI


|

LwU.

emanation; superabundance, plenty, copiousness, abundance; (pl. ^jj fuyif)


stream

iia'atun

mufduh an a rumor
. .

to the effect that

Jlj-Li fidirli federastic

JJIjOJ Jjj (iaula)

u"^? ta yyd overflowing, effusive, exuberant elaborate, exhaustive (speech)


;

federal State

munificent, bountiful, liberal, generous


|

jULi'l

jjs* fairz and rjjji flrzaj turquoise


t^jfj vairus
pl. -t

^Li

brilliant,

overflowing

with

ideas

virus

Lij
deluge
|

jayadn
J.JI

flood,

inundation,

l>i, l>J (Engl.) vlz visa

JLiJ the annual inundation

of the Nile
lj>i jiziy* physics

^^i-i.

mafid outlet, vent, drain; escape,


|

(jlj>j fiziy'i physical

^r_^^r-i faiyljiy physiology


'tri (Fi- ficht) fll pl. -l (electric)

plug

(syr.)

we cannot we cannot but do it; j* ^-*r*- *: V (yajidu) he must by all means ...; ^&,\ Jl U-i. Joe V he can't
^yLJt,
it,

way out

cLIJ

help doing

find

an opportunity to speak freely


ifda elaborateness, detailedness,

'J^

fayyS

braggart,

show-off,

self-

i-Jlil

inflated person

exhaustiveness
i-^Ui-l isti/da (super)abundance, plenty, profusion

J^ij faisal See J^aj


(>=*)
li /*# (/, Lj fayadn) to l overflow, flow over, run over; to inundate,
>'

>

j-L) f'id

abundant, copious,

plentiful,
(pl.

flood, deluge

(J*

s.th.); to flow,

stream,

profuse,

superabundant;
)

surplus;

emanate; to abound, superabound, be abundant, plentiful, superabundant; (jaid) to spread (of


issue,

pour forth,

^^ji fawaid 2

interest (on

money)

news);
or <_i;

mustaf\4 elaborate, detailed, u".* extensive, exhaustive, thorough

(/cid,

(rhuh,

^ijj juyd): jj c~i\i nafmh) to give up

JijLi

(<

^yilli see

above) jyiz usury


(eg.)

(ey.)

the ghost IV to pour forth; to All ( s.th.) to overflowing; to pour, pour out,

u^lili fyizgi usurer

pour forth J. m (
eap.
tears);

s.th. over),

shed

.LU
( s.th.,

fai/ff' pl. J>Li fayfin desert

to be prolix, long-winded,

verbose (j in one's Speech); to abandon

c^jSLj (Fr. vicomte) vilcmi and (Engl.) va kaunt viscount

736

Jj
"JjLJ /atfii) to >(JJ) JU ISia i (Jji /ujrfilo, be erroneous (view)
^i

/aina

pl. -St
|

time, paint of time, instant,


<-il\

moment
j_T-1\

iu

i_ill

(ai-/awiato),

Jm

Vi)l

al-fainata ba'da l-ufrr,

Jj

pl.

*L /iyoto,

Jjj fuytl, JLil


|

a//J
t_i)l_, IljDI

jo,

i-ill

iu iJI j

f>

time

elephant; bishop (ohes>)


oJ-/.

JJI j-

** BB

to time,

now and

then, once in

a while,

ivory
pl- i'^' 11*i

at timee, aometimee

Si IM
ly^jUll

country house
filaria (kwJ.)

lli fainn having beautiful, luxuriant


hair; luxuriant, long, flowing (hair)

iUi dWn
oJ-/l!tiin

aljUriyi

jJJI
_L>

the Philippinea

Li, Ljj

(It.

Viama) fiyem,
Venu

inyfii

Vienna

lailaj,

1>L< /obj pl. L laylif ooooon

^.jj

/!<

of the silkworm

L-J-i finltiy Venice

J>j-Li failasf
jLi /aifaj

pl.

U-^i

/oWri/a philosopher

JJLi nlgi Phoenician;

(pl.

-n)

a Phoe-

pl. jl Li

fayMiq' large military unit

nician

army

Corps; oorpa
film

j^j

II lafaihaqa to

be

prolix, long-winded,

U=

circumstantial

film

Ujj
U-jl^Li lOelejiy phology
,i

faihaqa

prolixity,

long-winded-

neas
jjll

ftma

L_i

/C-md

whyt whereforet

al-tayym El Faiym

(town in

ee

Egypt)

j abbreviation of j* daqiqo minute

JU qSqum ermine
Jlj
q/Uab,
qSlib
pl.

^jU qSdW Cad


^jilS jdfl

(eaport in

SW

Spain)

Jj*
|

^'M"'',, form;
last,

mold; cake pan; model; matrix;


pl. j-i^lj

jnwdS' water-wheel

boot

tree,

shoe tree

,>-

.-Jlj

O'ufrn)

bcket, Bcoop (used in irrigation; Eg.)


Sjjjli (It.

(ohunk

or loaf of)
loaf;

oheese;

iJ^*

jiwmo) feto soda water (md.-ar.)


China

(tiMm) ugar

i^L J

(fifln)

jUU ja&Ini falenoe; porcelain,


jli 4/ name of the
oi-7. in

cake or bar of eoap; Uli, US (jotton) with heart and aoul; inwardly and

letter

Islamio coemology,

j JUII J-- j'alwl name of the


|

outwardly
jSjIU (Fr. juiocle) faJtf
pl.

galosh, over-

mountains
TOrld
'"Uli

Burrounding

the

terreatrial

shoe

qiquMa oardamom

(bot.)

^.jJS

qmi

pl.

j-ilj

^<"m^,

ocean;

diotionary, lezicon

Uli jjuJM a variety of aaltwort (Salaola


frutico&a; bot.)
jlj

jf\ oAmor1 jn(in) blood-red, deep-red

737

D*
tili

Qni* blood-red, deep-red

(=

uli qnin)

^J qabb pl. (.Jl

aqubb hub, nare (of a


(of a balance)

UjJli

qnn

pl.

,jolji

gounin 8

wheel); lever,

canon;
*J

beam
pl.

established prinoiple, basic rule, axiom,

qubba

^L*

gi&&,

..-J

qubab

norm, regulation,

rule,

ordinance, pre-

cupola, dorne; oupolaed structure, dome-

script, precept, Statute; law; code; tax

shaped
shrine,
q. q.

edifice;

domed

hrine,

memoria!
|

impost; (Tun.) tax on olives and dates;

kubba

(esp., of

a saint)

^jl\ i
"<1

a stringed musical instrument resembling


the zither, with a shallow, trapezoidal

al-jaras belfry, bell tower;

rtUV'

al-islm epithet of the oity of Basra

sound box,
performer
|

set horizontally before the

^-UVl u>U)l

(asri)

baaio

<- muqabbab cupolaed, domed, spanned by a cupola or dorne; convex

oonstitutional law; Statutes; j-^tdl jjtf


Statutes, Constitution;

JbU

jyUJl

(jin'i)

Li qabba pl. ~t collar (of a garment)

criminal

law;

penal law;

Jl_j-Vl

>
law

S..^..*Jl (Sajefiya) personal Statute; pLUI


ij jj-=->

qabj, qabaj (ooll.; n. un. !) pl.

-Li qibj

a kind of partridge

-Ol

(diM(ri)
(c2uwo2i)

oonstitutional

Jj-Ot

ylJI

international law;

^J qabuha u
ugly,

(qubh, qabh, 3*-L* qabha) to be

oUil^l
cedura

jj\i g. al-murfa't
(jur.;

code of pro-

repulsive,

repugnant,

disgusting

Eg.);

olTUI J^l

j^lj

(pbysically or morally); to be ignominious,


foul,

Ujii-I do. (Syr.); jjbVl

dUl

0>liff. <w-

infamous,
vile, base,

shameful,

disgraceful,

74

al-idri

administrative law;

u>U
jJUiJI

mean

II to

make
s.o.'s

ugly,
(

iSjlcjf cJ-dl

{fnmwt) chemical formula;

repulsive,
s.o.,

or

repugnant,

disfigure

(TJiadani) civil

law
legal,

a s.th.); to denounce

action

cjyli

gnni canonical;

statu -

{<Li J* *a. fi'Iah) as ugly, ignominious,

tory; lawful, legitimate,

licit,

accordant

infamous, shameful, or disgraceful; to


oensure,
action)

with law or regulations, valid, regulr;


legist,

rebuke

(<Li
(,

4-1* s.o.,

s.o.

for

his

jurisprudent, Jurist
certified
d>jj\i

J^tf J.U*
phar-

to find

s.th.) ugly,

(paidali)

and

licensed

repugnant, or repulsive, find


ignominious,
graceful, foul,

(a

s.th.)

maoist;
J^ilJ

j&

gair q. illegal
Iegality, lawfulness

infamous,
vile,

shameful,
or

dis-

base,

mean; to
s.th.)

qnniya
(eg.)

disapprove
in

(* of s.th.),

diske (*

**jjU qwirma

mutton or beef cut


braised with

*J
him!

qubh,

qabh

ugliness;
|

ignominy,

small

pieces

and

squash

infamy, shamefulness

*J

U-J shame on

(qar') or

onions and tomatoes


jjjli

JjU qwuq and

qwq

pl. Jjjlji ja-

-J qabih
L

pl.

^L* qibh, ,^-t* qabha,

wwtg'2 a kind of high headgear


feit

made

of

^J

qabh ugly, repulsive, repugnant,


(physioally
or

disgusting

morally);

ig-

nominious,
jjL
,_^jIj

infamous,
vile,

qvmn melon
graceful,
foul,

shameful,
base,

dis-

mean; im-

qyiS

pl.

^ly
(ja66)

qawyiP leather thong,

pudent, shameless, insolent, impertinent

strap, belt, girth; strop


1
<

iw* qabiha
off,

pl.

^L* qab'ih 2 , -\J qibh

rJ

joftfra

to ohop

cut off (*

abomination, shameful deed, dirty trick,

s.th.,

e.g.,
o.s.

the hand); to straighten up,


up,

low act
i*- Li

draw

become

erect;

to

rise,

qabha ugliness; ignominy,

in-

ascend; to stand on end, bristle (hair)

famy, shamefulness

738

-Ji

aqbak*

uger;

more infamous;

^^J

qabasa

(qabs) to
(*

take up with finger


take a pinch
(*

fouler, viler

and thumb
traits,

a.th.),

f\Ju maqbih* ugly


qualities

repulaive

of B.th.)

L*j
(bot.)

qabsa, qvbfa as

much

as

may

be

taten between the finger and the thumb,


J

jLJ qubbr, qabbr capera

a pinch

*ji qabara

iqabr, _r.

maqbar) to bury, inter,

^jj qabaaa

(qabtf)

to seize, take, grab,

entomb

(*,

b.o., .th.)

ji qabr
aepulcher

pl.

jjJ qubr grave, tomb,

grasp, grip, clasp, clutch (J* or -> or *, s.o., s.th.), take hold, take posaession

(J* or
*,

>->

or *,
B.th.)
;

of);

to

hold (J*,

l->

j* maqbar pl. j-* maqbit* tomb, burying place, burial ground; cemetery,
graveyard

s.o., B.o.)
;

to

apprehend, arreat
collect
(*
B.th.,

(J*
e.g.,

to receive,

money);
bowels);

to

contract,

constringe
al-bafna
dis-

(*
;_r.

a.th.);

to constipate to

(jLJl

maqbura, maqbara

pl.

yLi* tna*

the

oppresa,
(

deject,
a.o.);

qbir*

tomb, burying place, burial ground;

hearten, dipirit, depreaa

paaa.

cemetery, graveyard

qubiaa
to die
|

or
<l

o-jj

c-j
die;

qubiaat

rhuh

&jJu maqburi, maqbari caretaker of a


cemetery; gravedigger
%

<-iJ or o-jj \ ,jS (rhah)

God made him


to keep
o.a.

-U

u^i
b.o.

{yadakv)
or s.th.;
Ij

from seizing

ji qvbbar

(coli.; n.

un.

lark (zool.)
1

to be ungenerouB, be atingy toward;


(j-iJI or) j4-*Jl

+S

^ji

qubrup and

^ qubras

Cyprus

(padr, nafs) to oppresa,

^ji
and

deject, diahearten, diapirit, depreaa II to

qubrufi Cyprian, Cypriote (adj.

contract,
(*
a.th.)

constringe
into
|

(*
()

a.th.);

to

give to

n.j; <-#jLl al-qabrisa

theCypriotes
a.o.'a

poaBession;

-J qabasa
borrow,

i (qaba)

to derive, acquire, loan,

pay

(* a price)

(,^-iJl or) j-uJl

^J {#adr,
become
to

adopt,

take over

(j-

B.th.
fire

naja)

to

oppresa,

deject,

diahearten,

from) VIII to take, or Beek to take,


from,

diapirit,

depreaa
to

to contract,
ahrivel ;

seek (j- from, also J* IjU); to acquire or to


acquire
;

contracted ;
conatipated

ahrink,

be

knowledge
a.th.)
;

(^

also

(bowela)
o.a.

VII
off

=
(^
at

V; to be
from,
to),

^. Li*) to learn (*
adopt, take over

to loan, borrow,

received; to ahut
close one'a

(^

or j* * a.th. from)
live coal

mind (^

to); to be dejected,
ill

^J qabas firebrand;
<_ji qabsa firebrand

depresaed,

diapirited,

ease,

also

jX*0 .j-i-l (sadruh)

^AJ qabd
seizure,

gripping, graaping, seizing,

^jAj qbs nightmare


^jk!
iqtibs
;

holding;

taking

poaaeasion,

learning, acquisitum (of loan,

knowledge)
(fig
) ;

loaning,

borrowing

appropriation; apprehenaion, arreat (J* of s.o.); receiving, receipt (eap., of

adoption, taking over, acceptance,

adaptation (of a literary text or paaeage)


quotation, citation (of another'a literary

money); contraction, conatriction, conBtipation JoJIj m^\ (daf) revenuea and


|

expenditures;
to arreat a.o.

U*
pl.

,^-LSll Jll (alq

l-qabda)

work

or ideaa)

olAii* muqtabaa&t loans, borrowings


(fig.)
'

V>
hold,

qabda
clasp,

qdbadt seizure; grip,

grasp;

handful;

(Eg.)

739

J^
pl.

linear

measure of 12.5 cm;


handle,
fist;

(pl.

^iLJ
q.

J^iJI o/.g,fy, al.qubt

iLJVI

o!-oj6f the

qib4)

hafl,
i_ i

hilt

.Ul

L^J
<\AS

Copta

al-yad

in b.o.'s poasession,

in s.o. 's hande, in b.o.'s

power;

*-

J*j

qibp, qubfi Coptic;

Copt

do.

*l^J

j Jj to fall into b.o.'s hands


pl.

o\Lj qvbfn

UlJ qvb4a

^jij qulxuf handful


colleoting, levy-

pl. j.tLJ yoijin, VtU qabfina captain (of a ship and, in Tun., as a military rank Fr. capitaint)

i-JL* qib^a raising,

ing (of fiinds, of taxes)

jj goio'o o (jj qvb')


(hedgehog);
to
strong(qai', J-LJ

to retract the

head

jLiJ qdba4Sy
arm
(esp.

crouch,

squat,

sit;

pl. -l (yr., leb.)

one serving as bodyguard for

q", qvbg) to grnt (hog); to

politicians

and prominent

trumpet (elephant);
in hasty gulps (eg.)

(qab')

to drink

Personalities);

tough, bully

.^Li. maqbuf, migbaf pl.


handle, haft, hilt
(J

aJ
li.

qvbba'a
feit

pl.

-i

hat;

maqbuf'

cap; (ayr.)

small

cap
hat, hatted

^T** miqbaol pl. ^-ijli. maqbifi handle,


(also, e.g., of

^i- mugai&a' wearing a


t-JLi

knob, grip

a Walking stick)

qabqdba to swell, bulge

jiili; taqbtuf (Ul. law) a reciprocal taking possession (of a commodity and
its

vlij ?oig6
clog,

pl.

t_iLJ qiibqib' wooden

patten

JV>'VI

monetary equivalent by buyer and

V ULJ
(eg.)

skate
(mt'smr)

seller respectively)

tfJU

qabqibi:

^JLJ jl^

^Lil
shrinking,

small nail, blue tack


inqibal contraction, shriveling,

shrinkage;

constipation

(of

JJ

qabila a (Jjj

guftiU,

guii)

to accept

the bowels); oppression, anguish, anxiety,


dejectedness,
depression,

(v

<>

s.o., s.th.);
(. s.o.),

to receive (kindly,
(*,
.

low

spirits,

hospitably)

give

s.o., s.th.)

gloom, also j -l_JI

^ili

inq. as-.iadr

a friendly
;

reception,
(,
.

receive

s.th.)

^jiM qbuf constipating, costive


ceiver,

favorably, approve
(med.)
;

of

s.o.,

of s.th.);
(*

grievous, distresaing, embarrassing


recipient; gripper,

to acquiesce ( in
s.th.),

s.th.),

put up

re-

with

clamp, claw,
(pl.

agree, consent, assent (* to, also

catcher, tongs, holder (techn.);

-n,

jiU

qubbd) (tax) collector

l^jli Hj*.

(adala) flexor;

^\

J*

^li

(amr) ruler,

v); to admit (j *, . s.o., s.th. to); to obey (j. s.o.), yield, give in (^ to s.o.), submit to s.o. 's (j,) command; qabila

potentate
l_

a and qabala u
antee,

(HU

qabla) to guar(

vouch,

be surety

r>_)r

i.

maqb4:
-dt,

for)

AJ

<-l*

^j^. person under

arrest; (pl.
(fin.)
'

^ijli. rrvqbiif) revenue

wU-DI (dahba) he was willing to go with me; qabila with acc. of a mapdar

j*

frequently
'

corresponds
-ible,

to

an English
-al,

u' : '
jected,

munqabi^ oppressed, worried,


disheartened,
ill

adjective in -able,
.UiJI

-ive,

e.g.,

dispirited,

downcast, deease
j
i

J^

,\i

(if'a)

a curable disease,

depressed,

at

-y'-

vU^^"

Jr^" f'Li;

(highly)

combustible

(^-iJI or) jj_JI

m. af-fadr

(or an-nafs) do.

merchandise;

i*-\jtt

zhamala) prices
>JJ II

^ j J^i

Jj; ^ OLc'l (mw that are beyond coms.th.);


(eg.)

(wajhah) to knit the brows,

petition
II

ICi

JJ
.

(Sakkan) to admit doubt


s.o.,

frown, scowl, glower

to kiss

(,

to go

s*
south(ward) III to be or stand exaotly
opposite
face
(,
(

740

JJ

qablu (adv.) or

JJ

^. min qablu
formerly,

s.o.

or

s.th.

(,

),

be face to
face,
e.g.,

and ^

qablan

previously,

with);
s.o.;
->

to

confront,
with,

earlier, before;

JJ ji

j*

(.qablu),

JJ ji je
.

counter

s.th.

(after a comparative) ...

than before;
|

Situation with caution); to meet

( s.o.;

qabla (prep.) before, prior to


qabla kui Sai'in
first

ji

JS"

JJ
all;

s.th., e.g., a danger, with, by); to


(

of

all,

above

encounter
to visit

s.o.),

run across

s.o.

();

JJ

min

qabli before, prior to; l

JJ

(. s.o.), oall

on

s.o. (.);

to meet,

(conj.) before

get together, have a talk or interview s.o.); to ( with s.o.); to interview (.


receive
(in
(

AlU

qabla'idin

previously,

formerly,

once, in former times


J^i*

audience)
s.o.)
;

(.

s.o.),

grant an
,

audience
s.th.

to

to receive

(v

s.o.,

qubaa

(prep.) shortly before, prior

with,

e.g.,

a news with joy); to


* s.th. (J* or *>'") t0 J <u.l <**.
;

to; l JjJ (conj.) shortly before

repay, return, requite (lj s.th. with);

JJ

qubl, qvbul fore part, front part,


|

to compare, collate with)


|

front, faoe

JJ

>> (qvbulin) in front;

Ulj ^-^
s.o.

from the front, from in front

welcome

or

s.th.

JilLi *iU (bi-l-mitl)

to return lue for lue IV to

tum
s.o.,

JJ

qibal power, ability ;

qibala (prep.)
I

forward;
or to a

in the presence of, before, near; in the

to draw near, come close to


place (Jp), approach (J

s.o.

direction of,

toward

JJ V

(qibala)

a place);

he has no power over

it, it is

not in his

to

advance (Jp
to,

to,

toward); to turn

power; he
it;

is

incapable of aocomplishing

(Je

toward); to embark, enter (Je

JJ
*

upon

s.th.),

engage (Je
devote
o.s.

in); to give one's

by;
his

j> min qibali on the part of, from, * JJ j* by bimself (or itself), of
:

attention,
s.th.),

(Je to
o.s.,

s.o.,

to

(or

its)

own

accord; {j*

*L

dedicate
s.th.),

o.s.,

apply
o.s.

attend

qibalah dain he owes

me

a debt, he

is

(Je to

oocupy

(Je with); to

indebted to

me
JJ
qubal

take an interest, become or be interested abun(Je in); to go, come (Jl to); to be dant (crop); (with foll. imperf.) to begin
to do
LjaJl

LS qubla pl. qublt, qubult, kiss

jJl
|

*-l*

JJl (.dahru) or *J* cj\


is

iL

qibta

kiblah, direction to whioh

(duny) luck

on

his side, fortune

Muslims turn in praying (toward the

smiles
s.th.);
s.o.'s

on hn V to accept, receive (* to hear, grant (Im du'aah


prayer; of God) VI to be opposite

Kaaba); recess in a mosque indioating the direction of the Kaaba, prayer niohe
jd-ill Jjl i Iqiblatain the
first

of the

each other, faoe eaoh other; to meet


(e.g.,

two
q.

kiblahs,

i.e.,

Jerusalem; jUiiV' iL

two persons)

to get together,

have

al-anjr focus of attention, target of


eyes,
ideal,

a meeting, meet

(*. with); to

be com(,

all

goal

sought after and

aspired to; r tVI Li objeot of widespread


interest, focus of attention

pared, be collated VIII to receive


s.o.,

s.th.);

to

apply

o.s.

gladly

and

willingly ( to s.th.)
(, .

to
;

tum

one's face

JJ
(wajh)

qibtt

southern, south

JJJI *rj"

to

s.o.,

toward

s.th.)

to go to meet,

Upper Egypt

to meet
(,
.

( s.o.);

to face, confront,

meet
o.s.,

s.o.,

s.th.);

to

take upon

JjJ qabil, qubtX (friendly) reception; welcome; acceptance; concurrence, oonsent, aasent,

aasume (*s.th.); to reoeive ( a visitor, a guest; s.th., e.g., a radio broadoast)

approval, admission, adfoll.

mittance; with

mafdar correspond-

J^
J-i' taqabbvi receptivity, susoeptibility,
sensibility

ing to English abstract nouns in -ability,


ibility, -ivity, -ality, e.g., i^UI

J^J ..u

'adam
JsJ
kind,

q. at-tafriqa indivisibility

JUil
qabil guarantor, bail(sman), surety

iqtibl reception

JLiJ
|

specimen,
IA

istiqbl pl, -t reception;


fll

species,

aortj

Oppoastros(tj

tribe

J^l

sition (tutron.);

,> of this kind, lue

moon

(as

an

this,

auch;

in this respect;

c UjVI J_j &. (q. O-Xdh) by way of Illustration, as an explanation j SJ.*J lM i Cf {fabir) of every (whatsoeverh^VjJ-S j^VI
ho
is

nomical aspect); the future; VLc-l


blan in the future
set, reoeiver;
|

JLL. VI

ilfreceiving
re-

origin

JLis- VI _^ gurfat al-iat.

^^

ception room, parlor; tlUeJ

j S"

he was

affair,

not in the least involved in this he has absolutely nothing to do


affair

present to greet him, he had come to meet him, he received him

with this

LJ

qdbila pl. JJli qab'iP trihe

JjU qbil obstetrician, aooouoheur; ooming, next (e.g., month); subject,


liable, susceptible,

disposed (J to s.th.);

JJ

qaball tribal

O receiver
guaranty, suretyship,
contraot, agreejectives
in

(rodio);

with
to

foll.

J
-al,

and
ade.g.,

tili qabala bail,

mapdar corresponding
-able,
-ible,

English

liability, responsibility;

-ive,

ment
*IIJ qibla

o,JI
midwifery, obstetrics

J;l

(li-l-mavt)

mortal;

.lull

J,li

curable;

ljI^ ^J

J-Li (highly) Jjli

combustible,
(eJ.);

inflammable;

*ILi qvblata (prep.) opposite, face to

t->^
'-''s*

^
j'

J>JI

conductive
jlj.

Jf "rovooable; ^LJI
-'i-^S^

jjJ

face with, vis-a-vis, in front of

^l* {jawz
the passport

at-safar,

Jij

iaqbil kissing

arba'a
opposite,

marrtin)

oan be

JU
iL, Li.

renewed four timeB


qibdla
(prep.)

face

to
*1;IS

face with, vis-a-vis, in front of

qdbila pl.

-dt,

wife, accoucheuse;

Jjly gatobiP mid(pl. J,lji

muqbala encounter;

meeting;

receptacle,

Container;

qawi')
JjljJ

pl.

be-

conversation, talk, discussion; interview; audience; reception; comparison, collation | illi ILH. muqbalala 4. or 1LH. j Jli in return for that, in exchange for
that,
in

ginnings

<Mi

qbiya faculty, power, capacity,


ability;

capability,

aptitude,

fitness;

compensation for that, as an

tendency, disposition,
bility,

liability, suscepti-

equivalent for that, for that, therefor;


ILlill

sensibility,
|

receptivity

(J

to);
(d.);

^11 comparative anatomy;


(bi-l-mitl)

appetite
jLill

J_.jJ Ulli conductivity


?

Jiib

**-*" *~^l
requital;
retaliation,

al-qisma divisibUity;

of. Jiti

reprisal;

1LU1L

JU-)

to return like for like

J^-i

maqbl aoceptable, reasonable;

JUI iqbl drawing near, advance, approach; Coming, arrival, advent; turning,

satisfactory (as
Eg-)',

an oxamination grade;
obliging,

pleasing,

complaisant,
populr,

amiable;

application,

well-ked,

attention,
to),

likable,

response,
for),

responsiveness
interest

welcome

(J.

concern (J

(J*

in),

demand; good
|

fortune,

OiUL.
d'oeuvres

muqabbilM

appetizers,

hr

prosperity, welfare

ljUI_,

VUI

iqblan
fro,

wa-idbran back and forth, to and

up and down

(in

JjU muqb facing, opposite; counterCompounds); equivalent, wages, re-

Je
muneration,
{muqbila) or

742

recompense
illj

dUS

JjI

^jj qatab

pl. i^bil

aqtb

(eg.)

hunch,

hump

Ji*

j
in

accordingly, in

i_Jjl*

muqautab hunchbacked
tragacanth
(

accordance with that, in return for that,


in

exchange for that,


jtj&\

compensation
for

j>lri

for that, as

an equivalent for that,


fciu

qatd

Astragalus ;

bot.)

that, therefor;

JiL upon
IL.

J* ltV ne thoms
(gafr,

wafl sitting

on a bed

of

presentation of the coupon; J*li* i^i-

JjUI
100

|IjJI

j ,>ras

(mt'of a/ino m. fcanwin)

JZ gotora u
stingy,

jji* gw/r)

and

II

to be
parsis.o.)

ships

compared with 50 the

tightfisted,

niggardly,
s.o.),

previoua year; JjI* j-4 or JjUL. /* j<

monious (J* toward


short, stint (J* s.o.)

keep (J*

without compensation, for nothing, gratis


Ji. muqbil Coming, next (e.g.,

IV

do.; to live in

straitened circumstances, be or

beoome

month,

poor JS qatr stinginess, niggardliness, paxsimony (J* toward)


iJS qatara dust
jl=i

year)
j**)l J~* J /* "i- J- uwtr J_* muqtabal in the prime of life; JJJl J-ii. (muqtabala
:

l-la) at

the beginning of the night, early

at night
J^'ir- mustaqbil receiving set, receiver
(radio)

qutr aroma, smell (of s.th. fried

or cooked)
j^ju
taqtir

stinginess,

niggardliness,

JJs* mustaqbal

front part, front, face;

parsimony ( J* toward)
JX
qtir

future (adj.); the future

stingy, tightfisted,

miserly,

II to

weigh (with a steelyard)


gabbn
steelyard ;

(* s.th.)

niggardly, parsimonious (J* toward)


jti.
fisted,
(

scale

beam

muqattir,

mttqtir

stingy,

tight-

platform ecale, weighbridge


1

miserly, niggardly, parsimonious

J* toward)
qatala

#U

qab* pl. LJl aqbiya

an outer garment

with full-length sleeves


8 (jJ)

Ja

(qa)

to

kill,

slay,

murder,

assassinate
Li qab

(* s.o.);

to mitigate, alleviate

to vault, arch, camber, curve,


{*
s.th.,

o.g.,

i^Jl

al-barda

the

cold,

bend

(* s.th.)
pl. 1-jI

*jA.I al-j'a the

hunger); to mix, dilute

jj qabw
(mining);
Sjji-I

aqbiya vault; vaulted

> s.th. with, e.g.,

wine with water);


|

roof; cellar; tunnel, gallery, drift, adit

to

know, master

(* B.th., e.g., a skl)

O prompt box Oj*


|

hW J?

(Uic or)

1^- *U {kvbran,
a skl, a
11

'ilman) or *L#

oljUJI (jawwiya) air-raid ahelter

\*&j U-jj (darsan wa-bahtan) to

know

or

tjj qabwa vault


Li qiba
l-ijJ

master

s.th. (e.g.,

field
(

of study)

thoroughly;
interval, interspace, distance

Li*

fcj-

S*

ba

^an

to

study a topio most thoroughly, treat a


subject exhaustively;
kibratan)

gabdn captain
(qatt)

5^-

_^-*J'

J=

{dahra

to have long experience with


II to kill,

cJ qaa u

to render

falsely,

mis-

life,

be worldly wise
peopl),
III

massacre

represent, depreciate, belittle, minimize


(* B.th.); to

(.

cause carnage

(^ among
(

Ue VIII to uproot, root out,


*

people)

to combat, battle

s.o.),
|

extirpate

(*,

s.o., s.th.)

fight ( s.o.,
Zi\

with

s.o.,

or against s.o.)
fight

ola

qattt slanderer,

calumniator

*UU

lit.:

may God

him!

i.e..

743

approi.:

damned

bostard! VI and VIII

J.

muqattal

experienced, practiced,

to fight with one another,

combat each

tried, tested

other

to risk one'a
killing;

life,

defy death

Jjl. muqtil fighter,


rior; fighting,

combatant, war(in

JJ
cide;

qatl

manslaughter, homi|

combat-, battle-

Com-

murder, assassination

!_, JJ
Law); Ja
{'amdi) or
-U*JI

pounds)
Jl. muqtila (coli.) combatants, warriofs, fighting forces

(bi-sababin) indirect killing (Isl.

UJ^I q.al-kata* accidental homicide (jur.);


-U*Jl JiiJI

('amd) or

fjX**l\ Jzill

U^
jl

JiiJl
I

('amdan) or

J^

JiDl

iULi*
light

muqtila

pl.

-l

combat plane,

-r- V (i&gt J-t'prr )

premeditated murder

bomber
muqtatal
battlefield,

Jr* gitf p], Jliil

agfczj

enemy,

foe,

ad-

versary, Opponent

Ji^. ground
i

battle-

J-
battle,

gatfj pl.

Ja
1

jafJ killed
killed
q.

killed in

mustaqiil death -defy ing, heroic


(<*jJ

fallen
|

one J-J

in

battle,

Jj

<7atoma

qutm) to

rise (dust)

IX to

casualty
killed in
<Jlii

^^i-

al-harb

man

be dark(-colored), blackiah
i*J gulma, gatarria dark
or blackish

war
murderous, deadly, lethal
deadlier,
color, darkneas, in
#li*

qattl

gloom
or

Jl
effect

a^taj*

more

lethal

qatm

dark

blackish

color,

darkness, gloom

Jii* maqtal murder, death; battle;


(pl.

murderous
of

jjl

aqtam 2

dark-colored,

blackish,

2 J;Li. maqtil ) vital part

dark
/Li

the body (the injury of which will bring

about death), mortal spot, mortal organ;


Achilles' heel, vulnerable spot
|

qtim
|

pl.

/ !y qawtim*

black,

ti^-i
1

dark

/tf j^-l pitch-black

*UU- {(Jarabah) or he
hit

JiiLI 4^.

^L^l

(apba)

<iJ ?a/(a

(qait)

and

VIII to pull out, tear

him

at bis

moet vulnerable spot

out, uproot (a s.th.)


Li* qitta, qutt' (coli.;

iI* maqtaia pl. -i butchery, alaughter,

carnage, massacre

n.

un.

*)

cucumber

J-^U butchery, massacre


jL
qitl

alaughter,

carnage,

_rlUi qattir3

catheter

O
struggle,
atrife,

*J* qattara catheter

fight,

contention
|

(against);

combat,

battle

**-U

*-j qahha to
a

cough
.-lS-1

JUIII battlefield

-j

yuM

pl.

o^AA pure, sheer, un-

JU*

mvqtea

fight,

struggle,

con<J-

mixed, unadulterated; genuine


<7a6a
pl.

tention (against); combat, strife

Li-

qihb

whore, harlot,

JjLu taqtul mutual struggle


JjI

prostitute
Li- qahafa a (qahf, !- quhf)
(qahaf)
(rains);

^fiZ

killing,

murdering; deadly,
(pl.

and qahi^a a
set

lethal,

mortal, fatal;
killer,

Jbj

quttl,

<LJ

to

be withheld, fa to

in

qatala)

manslayer; murderer, as-

active

and

pass.

quhita to

be

rainless (year) II to pollinate (UJI an-

O^Lj

qtilt lethal

agents (J against)

naklata the palm tree);

(eg.)

to Scratch

744

off,

scrape off (* s.th.) IT to be rainlesa

j.Ul

iqiihm

breaking

in,

innuih,

(year)
.Li-

irmption,
qahf

intrusion,

obtrusion; inroad,

want of

rain,

rainlessnesB

in vasion,

incursion ;

storming,

oapture

drought, dryness; famine; dearth, lack,

by storm
'jji-l

want, ecarcity

uqhuw&n

pl. *-Lil

aqhin, ,y-l aqhly


(bot.)

UJL qahfn 2

legendary

anceator

of the
x

oamomile
ii

(bot.);

daiay
foll.

South Arabians
<J*t-

qad (particle) with


termination
of

perf. indicatee the

qahafa a (qahf) to awallow, gulp


s.th.);

{*

to Bweep away,

carry
I

down away

an
to
:

aotion ;

sometimes
"already"

correspondirig

English

(* s.th.;

of a river) VIII
iJ_>i-

with

foll.

imperf.

sometimes, at times;

perhaps, or English "may", "might"


quhf,
,JLi-l

.JJ- qihf pl.

aqhf,

*J

qihafa skull; cranium, brainpan

a* qadda u (qadd) to out lengthwise, cot into


Strips
(* s.th.);

to cut off (* s.th.); to

Jli-

quhf torrential (river)

chop

off {* s.th.); to cut out,


|

carve out

ji- qahila

a (qahal) and paaa, quhila to be or


arid,

(a s.th.)

JE

j <Jj

qudda qalbuh min

become dry or

dry up, wither

hajarin to have a heart of stone II


to cut into Strips and dry (*

I;

s.th., e.g.,

Ji- qahal dryness, aridity Ji- qahil dry, arid

meat,
split,

fruits),

to jerk (* meat) VII to


e.g.,

burst

(also,

with

laughter)

VIII
<)y- qvhla dryness, aridity
.

&

qahl' 2

qidd

pl. a*l

aqudd

strip (of leather),

f.

dry
strap,

thong
qidda
pl.

J*-Li qhil dry, arid


*oi

^oi

qidad

rail;

ruler

i-

IV to pueh, drag (j
inrolre (j
cibly,
.

s.o.

into s.th.),

b-tf

flj*
aplit

lj>u tafarraq far'iqa qidadan

s.o.

in);

to introduce for|

to

into

many

parts or

groups,

cram (j
;

* s.th. into)

<-iJ

**!

break up, dissolre


uo*

'

(na/jaAd)

he

squeezed himself
to

qadtd meat out into atrips and

between
hurtle
(*

them

VIII

plunge,

rush,

dried, jerked
o!

meat
AjJS

into s.th.) ; to break (* into s.th.),

intrude, inrade (* s.th.); to burst {* into

qadd

pl.

qudd shape, build,

a room); to jump, leap, dive

frame, phyaique, stature, height, figure;


{* into s.th.);

to rush, dart (* at); to Btorm, take

by
(*

(eg.) size,

bulk, volume, quantity


size,

0*

J*

Btorm

(*

s.th.);

to
{>

embark boldly

of the
(large)

same

of equal size, just as

upon
etc.)
lui-

s.th.);

to defy

danger, hardshipe,

fjS qadaha a (qadh) to bore, pieroe (j B.th.);

quhma

pl.

*i-

quham danger one

to (J (J

Blander
s.o.);
s.o.)
;

defame,
rebuke,
reprove,

malign,
censure,

vilify

rushes into, hazardous undertaking


*LJl*

to
to

blamo
chide

reproaoh,

miqhm

pl.

--U* maqhim* one

who plunges

(j
heedlesaly into

s.o.); to reject as

objectionable (J a

danger,

witnesa,

a testimony); to impair, de-

reckless, daring, foolhardy


j.li-1

preciate, belittle, lessen, diminish, degrade

iqhm dragging

in,

implioating,

(woi j

s.th.),

detraot

(<_>

or

from);

inrolrement

to violate, infringe (J

s.th.),

offend (j

; .

745

ja

against)

to strike

fire

(with a
_,iJl

flint) (also
*--li

s.th.),

be in a position to do
s.th.
(jl

s.th. (jl or

with

jUJI

an-nra)
[

jUj

(z.

J*),

be able to do
(<ji

al-fikr)

to ponder, think hard, rack one's


^-ai

capable
assign,
s.th.,

or

J*

of)

II

to

or J*), be appoint,

brain; *_

(fikrah) to think hard;

determine,
s.o.; of

ordain,

decree

(*

lj^

^0*

{Sararan)

to

strike

or

emit
flint),

J* for
to

God); to predeters.th.;

sparks VIII to strike

fire

(with a

mine, foreordain, (pre)destine (*


of

also jUJI ^-lal; to weigh, consider (* s.th.)


r-ai

God)

appraise

(*

s.th.

with
assess,

gadA slander, calumniation, caldefamation,


vilification,

respect to its worth

and amount),

umny,

estimate, calculate, tax, evaluate, value,

asper
rate
(<_;

* a.th. at)

to anticipate, foresee

ion; censure, rehuke, reproof, reproach;

(*

depreciation, detraction

(l->

of

s.th.); to surmise, guess,

presume, sup-

from),
pose, helieve, think, be of the opinion (Ol
that); to esteem highly, value, treasure,

impairment
-jj
*-lajil

qidfy,

pl.

r-l-li

qidh,

*-Jj\

aqduh,
shaft;

prize, eheriah
s.o.,

( s.o.,

* s.th., J * s.th. in

aqdh,

2 fw i\\ aqdih arrow

because of

s.th. s.o.);

to appreciate to do
s.th.),

arrow; divining arrow, arrow used for


oracles
|

{* s.th.); to enable (J*

s.o.

JaII

-JjeJI

(mu'all) the seventh

put

of

the

divining

arrows

used

in

the
i.e.,

a position (J* to do s.th.); (gram,) to imply in an expression (J or


( s.o.) in *)

ancient rabian the


best of

game

of maisir,

another
j-l5
"^

(_j

or *) as vixtually existing

them which won seven

*l

(which)

God

forbid!

jti j-i
!

shares of the slaughtered camel, hence:

(quddira) tbe inevitable


*jOj (haqqa qadrihl) to

happened

J-

j-l*

j
in,

J*il

j-JlJI

J to be the
major
on,

principal agent on,

attach tbe proper

have

impact
be

exert
crucial

value to

s.o.

or s.th., fully appreciate the


*j

decisive

influence

of

value of s.o. or s.th.; jJJj


inestimable,
invaluable,

yuqaddaru

importance for
.Ji

immeasurable,

qadah

pl.

Jjjl

aqdh drinking
goblet ;
glass,

immense, huge, enormous, tremendous


IV to enable (J*
(
*

bowl

(drinking)
;

cup ;
1

s.o.

to

do

s.th.),

put

tumbler

tea

glass ;

keddah,
ojl

dry

s.o.)

in

a position (J* to do

s.th.)

measure (Eg.
2.062
Y_
I

/ t6

ardabb

to be appointed, assigned, determined,

ordained, destined, fated, decreed VIII=I

1)

qadara
4*

to ask

God) for strength or

qaddh

and

l- oj
1

qaddha pl

ability

-f flint; fixe steel, fixe

iron (for striking


flint

sparks

from

flint)

and

steel

jjj qadr pl.

jl-lil

aqdr extent, scope,

lighter (e.g., for cigarettes)


**-a.

quantity, amount, scale, rate, measure,

number; sum, amount; degree, grade;


miqdaha
fixe

steel, fire
flint)

iron (for

worth,
decree
|

value,
jOiJi

standing,

rank

divine

striking sparks

from
(qadr)

lailat al-q.

the night in

j-l5

gadara u
decide
(ja*

to decree, ordain,

which, aecording to sura 97, the Koran

(*

s.th.;

of God)

gadara

was
night

revealed,

celebrated

during

the

qudra,

ijJ.

maqdura, maqdara,

between the 26th and 27th of


J* jJj a certain extent of, a

maqdira) and qadira a (qadar) to posaess


strength,

Ramadan;
j-lJ

power,

or

ability;

to

have

certain degree of; jjj qadra,

jJi

bi-qadri,

be master (J* of s.th.), be equal (J* to s.th.), be up to s.th. have the possibility to do (J* (J*)> to
s.th.),

power (J* over

J* commensurate with, correspond-

ing to, aecording to, in proportion to;

jjJu bi-qadri rn in the

same measure

Jj

746

as,

to the same extent as, as

much

as,

j\jJumiqdrpl. y.sLi.magtJir'measure;

as large as;

j-i

Jp

'al gadrin

m
j-ii

to

extent in space and time; scope, extent,


scale,

certain extent, relatively ; 9-U*=J.1

qad*
Jp,
l-

rate, rnge;

quantity; amount
j

ra l-muataf' , pllitll jXL, oHt-..U

j-i*

ji\ jIj. (adn)


(aqp) a

a minimum; ^^ji
L*

jljJL.

LUl ji* ^odro

$-/.,

K-VI

j-ii

qadra

maximum;

jl-iic

bi-miqdri

imkn, jS^VI j-j and BCVI


far as possible, aB

j-i*

Jp as

to the

same extent or degree

as..., as

much

as possible, in
to

much

as ...; jIjJUU 1^ to such

an extent

the

best

way

possible,

the best of

or degree, so

much;

jl-iic

to a certain

one's

abities;

Cjj~*

oL

UjiJ

i-lil

extent or degree, somewhat, a Uttle

aglabiya qadruh mi'atu sautin a majority

of a hundred votes ; j-J jjj

dow

j -j
9.

taqdtr

pl.

-t,

j iUJ

taqdir*

people
estimation,
ation,

appraisal,

assessment,

tax-

of distinction, important people


rating;
calculation,

estimate,
;

jii ^arfar pl.

jl-iil

aqdr divine forefate, destiny,

valuation ;

appreciation ;
surmise,

esteem

as-

ordainment, predestination;
lot
jJJtll
|

sumption,
osition;

supposition,

prop-

i_jtl*

madhab
fate

al-q,

fatalism;

implication of a
(gram.);
(pl.

missing syn-t)

jiillj LaJJl

(<?a<Z')

and divine detoa-qadaran or

tactical part

grading,

cree;

lj.ij

L qad'an
by
fate

evaluation (of achievement; school, univeraity);

ji'j Lull;
j-i

and divine decree;

\jJJ taqdxran
j

by

implication,

Jp U- he arrived just at the right time


al-qadartya

implicitly, virtually

li^J

\jXi in appre'al aqalli


t.

ijjXll

theological school

ciation of this; j>jJu JjI

of early Islam asserting man's free will


j-i

at least j -LJ _
;

Jp Jp at most

& j J

*L.

tf>

'an mablagi taqdlrl as far as I can judge


^trfr

m.

and

f. f

pl.

jj-i

qudr

for

myself
iqtidr
;

cooking pot, kettle, pot


jl-Ljl

might, power, strength,


capability,
faculty,

IjJi qidra j-U

oooking pot, kettle, pot

potency
qadara small bottle, flask

ability,

capacity, efnciency, aptitude


,

j -li

fudra
(Jp

faculty
for),

Jp of )

power,

j^Li qdir possessing

power or strength,
(

atrength
ability,

potency;
aptitude;

capacity,

powerful,

potent

having mastery

Jp

capability,
(of

omnip-

over

otence

God)

J-Jl

J*

Sj-UJl

('amal) power,

capacity (techn., phya.);


selectivity (radto)

being equal (Jp to s.th.); capable (Jp of s.th.), able (Jp to do


s.th.),

s.th.); efficient, capable, talented

Lii

Vi

J*

Sj-UJI

jjiqadlr possessing power or strengt h,


powerful,

jjJi.

maqdr decreed (Jp


maqdir 2
)

against,

by

potent;

over

s.th.)

having mastery (J* capable (Jp of s.th.); omnip-

fate); (pl. j*\jl,


(pl. -t)

destiny, fate;

faculty, capability, ability; po|

otent, almighty, all-powerful (God)


jJil

tential, resources

Ol jjXL*
....

to be able

to

...,
.

be capable of

be in a position
. .

aqdar 2 mightier, more powerful;


of),

to

.,

have the

possibility to

more capable (Jp


s.th.)

abier (Jp to

do
jjJt.

muqaddir

etimator,

appraiser,

assessor, taxer
jjX*

maqdura, maqdara, maqdira


of),

facfor),
jJJl.

ulty (Jp potency; aptitude


|

power, strength (Jp


ability,
j-Ull

muqaddar decreed, foreordained,


implied,
implicit,

capacity,

capability,

predestined;
CjIj-uL.

Virtual;

O V.^'

(harbiya) mili-

fates,

destinies;

estimates, pre-

tary resources, military potential

liminary calculations

747

j-t.

muqtadir

possesaing

power or

(Chr.)

Consecration

(as

part

of

the

strength, powerful, potent; having maetei

Roman

Catholio Maas; Chr.); reverence,

s.th.); able

of ) ;
l

s.th.), being equal (Jp to (Jp to do s.th.), capable (Jp efficient capable, talented

(J* over

veneration, worship
^Ajl

muqaddis reverent, reverential,

venerative
^-il*

* Q<*dusa
II

(quds, qudus) to be holy,


(a,

be

muqaddas hallowed,
oonsecrated ;

sanetified,

pure
s.th.);

to hallow, sanctify

b.o.,

dedicated,
pl. -t

holy,

saored
|

to dedicate, consecrate (a s.th.);


(lil

sacred things, sacrosanet things

to declare to be holy, glorify

God); to

U^kJtl (j*JI)

^jVl

(artf)

the Holy Land,

hold Bacred, venerate, revere, reverence,

Palestine; ,^-JJl

~JI

(bait)

Jerusalem;

worship

(*,

s.o., s.th.)

(Chr.) to canonize
1

^Xki\

^liS^Jl

the Holy Scriptures, the

(
hifl

s.o.);
*n\

(Chr.) to aay Mass, celebrate

Holy Bible
,j"&l*
tified,

(Chr.)

tj*

^Ji
!

(airroh)

may God

sanctify

mutaqaddis

hallowed,

sane-

Beeret

(eulogy used

when mentioning
cred

dedicated, oonsecrated; holy, sa-

the

name

of a deceased Muslim Saint)

to be hallowed, be sacred or sanetified

^Ji

quds, qudus holineas, saoredness,


(

j-jtf qdis 1 Cadiz (seaport in

SW

Spain)

sanetity ;

pl.

-i I

oqds)

sanetuary
|

'wj*^
I*oj

pl- u-J-^J*

1^ U P alphabetically
>j0*

shrine; ,^-Jl

al-quda

Jerusalem

,_,--1*

^U'Vl

the holy of hohes (Chr., Jud.);


jj-'JJUl

qadama u (qadm,

qudm) to precede
(>j-ii

^.Jl rjj

rj^l (ar-)rA al-qudua

s.o.);

qadima
>iJL.

qudm, OUoj

the Holy Ghoat (Chr.)


(j-o*

qidmn,
sacred;
saintly;

magdam) to

arrive (a at
(J( or

a
*

place); to

come; to get

J* or

quda%

holy,

saint

to s.o.; * to a place), reach. (Jl or Jp, s.o. ; a a place) ; to have the audacity to

--tf

qudaiya

holiness,

sacredneas

do

s.th.

(Jp);

qaduma
II

sanetity; saintliness
ij-l-L

be old, be ancient
(a,

to

u (qidam) make or

to
let

s.o.,

s.th.)

precede, go before, or

qudda

pl.

-t,

^-jjIu* qoddis 1

lead the way;

to send forward, send


dispatch,
s.th.);

Mass

(Chr.)

ahead, send
holiness,
|

off,

send on in
to set forth.
*
s.th.

*J ai
sanotity;

qodsa

sacredness,
*J-i

advance

(a,

s.o.,

saintliness

LUI

His

beforehand,

premise
s.th.,
(a,

(J
e.g.,

as

Holiness the Pope

introduetory to

a prefaee to
at the

^ja
Christian

qadda,

qudds

most

holy

a book); to place head; to


clock); to
Bet

s.o., s.th.)

^-j-Jl the

Mewt Holy, the All-Holy (God)


pl.
|

forward, set ahead (a a


earlier,

do

do beforehand, do

^.tf gu&f
saint

-n

holy,
JS

saintly;
o_e

before s.th. eise (* s.th.); to give pre-

j>jjJ!

'f

cedence (Jp

a, *

to

s.o.,

to

s.th. before),

fcu aZ-$. All Sainta'

Day

(Cr.)

give priority (Jp

a to s.th.

over); to

jjl

oj&w * more

hallowed,

more

sacred, holier

prefer (Jp a, s.o., s.th. to s.o. or s.th. eise), give preference (Jp a, to s.o.,

to

s.th.

over) ;

Tun.)

to

appoint aa
for); to pre-

^JJl

C-jj

bait al-maqdis

Jerusalem

legal guardian

(Jp

s.o.

^-tJJj taqdts sanotifioation, hallowing;

pare,
aeide,

ready,

keep ready, provide, set


s.th. for);

dedication,

consecretion;

celebration

earmark (J a

to provide,

748

make

provisions (J for); to offer, proffer,

precede

(j*.

or Jp or

*,

b.o., a.th.,

in

tender,

extend,

present,

produce,

ezs.o.);

Space and time), go before


(u*> <J*> *>

s.o.

or B.th.

hibit, display (* s.th., Jl

or J to
B.th.,

to hand over, deliver (* to


b.o.);

Jl or

J
or

) * neft(* (J* or > a group of people), be at the head ( J* or > of


a group of people) ; to belong to an earlier,
older time; to go forward,

to ubmit, refer (*

s.th., Jl

J to

s.o.).

lay a.th. {*) before s.o. (Jl or

move

(for,

J); to give as

a present

(* a.th., Jl

or J
*,
*

ward),

proceed

(j^-

toward), advance-

to

s.o.),

offer up, present (Jl or

march (j*

against, toward) ; to progress,

s.o., s.th.

to

s.o.,

to s.th.); to dedioate

(Jl
file,

or J * B.th.,

o.g.,

a book, to

s.o.);

to

make move
s.o.

progress; to

come

on,

come

oloser,
(Jl

nearer (Jf to);


s.th.),

to approach
s.o.);
(4j.u

turn in (*

s.th., e.g.,

a report), send

or

accoat (Jl
o.a.

to step

up

in,

submit
J
to),

(* s.th., e.g.,

an application,
a complaint, Jl

(Jl to);

to present
(j-u

,>j or Jl to),
J

Jl or

lodge (*

e.g.,

Btep before face


(J

,>'

or

<J

to meet,
in

or J before); to give (* an answer); to

or

Jl

an opposing team,
(<-*

take (* an ezamination) ; to bring

s.o.

Bports); to turn, apply


s.o.

J or Jl to
Jl

() before a proper authority, esp., before

with a request); to submit (J or


<-

a tribunal

(jUl

or Jl),

arraign s.o.; to
s.o.

to

s.o.

s.th., e.g.,

a request); to order,
{<- *j

introduce, present (J or Jl
eise),

to

s.o.

direct,

commission
|

Jl s.o. to do, to

make
b.o.

(* s.o.)

aoquainted {J or Jl
precede; to be
(baina yadaihi)

bring, etc., s.th.)

aJu

to further,
s.th.;

with

eise); (intr.) to
[

advanoe, promote, improve


j-Jl
<>

c~-&

fast (clock)

<j4j ^.t 4.4*

(sinnu) to get older, be


j.oj

advanced

to send s.th. ahead of

B.th. eise, let s.th.


<t

in years;
j+-\j

)f as already mentioned;
*4Jj

precede

s.th. eise; ^*iJi

*Ss

{tamana) to

Uj *Jj ^y

*J

Sil

jj-

(danbihi,

pay the
render
to

price to b.o. in advanoe,


s.o.; **&- fO

advance

ta'akjeara)

God has

forgiven all bis sins;

the price to
a

(kidmatan) to
aJi (kufwatan)

servioe;

SjL>
;

J*-^' ^Jj' **J * ;=t '-* (JJt* ->l-ii C-j waqtu bagdda mutaqaddimun saataini

make a step forward J


<-

_,dll *Ss (Sukra)


s.o.,

to extend one's tbanks to


s.o.; ^riJjJ' Jl
f-tf

thank
o.s.

to give
c~.4*

up

Baghdad time two hours ahead of Central European time; *j* *Ju (nahtoah) to step up to
'an waqti urubb l-unut
is

to the polioe; Cj^-\

Lj

(aX;^artu)

s.o.; s.o.;

41a

fJij to

approach

s.o.,

head

for

what

have ever committed;

l>U*i>')U

iJl-b

C-*^*

L>

f-lJu

to submit

o.a.

to an

(yadjfca)

what you have committed or

ezamination VI to become antiquated,

perpetrated;

jyU

jt-Ju ">Uj (Ji yuqad*

grow
old,

obsolete, get out of date,

become

dimu rijlan wa-yu'akkiru ufyr to hesitate,


waver, be undecided; *X!u
^-_Jj

age
haa

^>J\

(iljj

{zamanv)

much
* jLu it

V jj^i jy
l

time

gone by
it

(since) ;

X^

('aJiduh)

happened
it is

long

ago,

Vj

/oryu-

Suhrin

tuqaddimu
belongs to the paat,
of early date
(

wa-l

tu'akkiru
is

difference

of a few

to ask

s.o.)

to come, send

for

monthB which

of no consequence XV to
b.o.),

Bummon

( s.o.)

be bold, audacious, daring; to make bold,

have the audacity to do


venture,
s.th.),

s.th. (J*); to

f-tf

qidm time long since


L.4*

past,

old

risk,

undertake,
s.th.

tackle
to

times;

qidman

in old(en) times, in

(J*

set

about

(Jp);

brave

former times, once, of old, of yore


f-tf

(J*
to

embark boldly ( Jp upon), dare engage (J* in), venture upon s.th.
s.th.),

qidam time long since past, old


remote antiquity, time immeoldnesa ;

times;

(;

to attack

(J*

s.o.,

s.th.)

to

morial ;

ancientness ;

infinite

749

pre-existence, sempitemity, timelessness


(of

AjS qudddm fore part, front

part;

God); seniority

f-iJtJl

.L.

from timee

quddma

(prep.) in front of

of old,
ing;
>_j

by long
ijc
|*o

tradition, of long Stand-

fjOJ qaidm prow,


#0jI

bow

of a ship
anoient;

(qidamu'ahdxhi) bis long-

standing familiarity with

aqdam 1

older,

more

j-aiVI the anoients

qadam
I0j

(uaually

f.)

pl. fluil

aqdm
<~*Jj\
|

foot (also aa a measure of length) ; atep


LaSC
pjjjl
j0J

aqdamiya aeniority

(mJba"aJw)
aJ-j.

oubio

foot;
p-Lill

cj
-*l

l*0*

maqdam Coming, advent;


miqdm

arrival

amJ

nadir (tutron.);

plxl.

bold, audacious, daring,

ifba* al-q. toe; 4-.ii

J* (qadamaihi) on
*J-ii i_iljM
(?.

intrepid, undaunted, oourageous, brave,

foot(ofaeveral: fhi^l J*):

J*

valiant; a military rank, approx.: staff

on

tiptoe;

jJJ-l

ju*

J*

aJ-Ao^ar)
pii

sergeant (Eg. 1039)


riiJ taqdim sending forward, sending
off,

anxious,

timid,
(9.

fearful;

aI-Us^Ij
alert nesa;

tl-uMn) in
j.J

J* a State of extreme
j^*- (wa-sqin)

i-*^'

JUj

dispatching, etc., see II; presentation;


in,

J*

(pli)

to

beoome

fully

effeotive,

be in
pOi
*J
)

fll

Submission, tuming

filing;

offering

progress, be in fll swing ;

J he _r

up, oblation; dedioation; offer, proffer, tender.bid; memorial;


(pl.

haa no part in..., he


in ...

is

not involved

joUu taqdim')

ofBcially established guardianship (Tun.)


1*oj

0jj

qudum: La*

(jL>)

tS

** (quduman)

taqdima
;

offer,

proffer,

tander,

to go straight ahead or forward sjS

bid;

dedioation

(sooial)

introduotion,
oblation, of-

presentation; offering up,

qadlm
rlai

pl.

Loi

qudamS*,
old,

,j\jZ

fertory (Chr.);

(pl.

-, fjlil taqdim')

yuiimd,

qad&im*

ancient;

present, gift
\ji\

antique; existing from time immemorial,

iqdm boldness, audacity, daring,

etemally pre-existent, sempitemal;

<JJJi

intrepidity, fearlessnees, undauntedness,

the Infinitely Pre-existent, the Sempitemal, the Eternal (as an attribute of

stoutheartedness, pluok, oouroge, enter*


prise, initiative

Ood)

leJi

qadtman or

fXi)\

in old(en)
*ii;

times, in anoient times, in former times,

taqaddum

precedenoe,

priority;

once, of old, of yore; roi j or fl JL.

(ad)vantage, lead; advanoe, drive, pusk;

from times of
long Standing;

old,

by long

tradition,

of

advanoement, progression, progress


ijiJ

^
or

o^Jl roi (9. oi-'oAd) of

taqaddumi progressive, progres-

long familiarity or acquaintance with, long


familir

sionist

aoquainted with
in,

of

long-standing

experience

long-ex-

oLu

taqdum:

(,j*J^)

-H-Jl

p^Lj

t.

aU

perienced
of; 1x0*
jj0i

in, (being)

a long-time holder

'ahd (az-zaman) progression or lapae of

^Ujj

olassical studies

time; ,yj\ jOJ ** in the course of time


-oll

qdim

pl.

-n,

*jj!

qvdm, AS
arrival,

gudm Coming, advent,


qadm
pl.

arrival

qitddm
bold,

one arriving, arriver,

ajJS

jS

qudum

newcomer;

Coming, next
like)

(e.g.,

year,

audacious, daring, intrepid, undaunted,


courageous, brave, valiant
*jjj

month, and the


voi.

muqaddim
giver,

offerer, tenderer, pre|

qadm, qaddm

pl.

J\jS qad'im*,

Benter,

donor

i^-iUl

pii*

m.

ajS

qudum adz

af-falab applioaat

760

put before s.th. (J*) f prefixed, prefaced (J* to s.th.), antecedjait

muqaddam

l-uil
i_j

iqtida

Imitation, emulation; #1ol

iqtid'an bi

following the model or

(Jp s.th.); front, face; fore part, front part; prow, bow (of a ship);

ing, preceding

example of
li

O nose

(of

an airplane, and the


of

like)

qv4d&

pl.
j

ii qndad, ilJ# tfttid feather of

antecedens

proportion

(maih.);

onarrow SJb

;Ii

ji*. (Ao^uxz) exaotly

overseer, Supervisor; foreman; a military

identical, deceptively alike

rank, approx.: major

(It.,

U.A.R.);

lieu-

j*

qadira a

(qadar)

and qadura u
dirty,
defile
(*, soil, (*,

(*jli*

tenant colonel (formerly Syr.}; officially

^o^ra) to be or become dirty, unclean,


filthy
II

appointed
istrator

legal

guardian (Tun.); adminof a

to

make

aully,
s.o.,

or

trustee

wakf

estate

oontaminate, pollute,
s.th.)

(Tun.); <Ap aA*

a legal minor placed

to find or

deem

s.o.,

s.th.)

under

officially established

guardianship
in advance,

dirty,

unclean, impure,

filthy,

squalid

(Tun.); Lj.

muqaddaman

beforehand
i*J.

jji
pl.

qadar

uncleanliness,
filth,

impurity;

(pl. jll

muqaddima, muqaddama

aqdr) dirt,

squalor

-t

for part, front part; front, face; prow,

jjj qodir, qadr dirty, unclean, impure,


filthy,

bow
rank

(of

hip); foreground;
line,

foremost
lead

squalid

or

forefront,

head,

jjii qar dainty, faatidious,


ish
Ijli

squeam-

advance guard, vanguard, van; foreword,


preface, introduction,

prologue,

proem,
qadra
dirtiness,

preamble; prelude; premiae


*jja

uncleanliness,

impurity, filthiness, squalidness

mutaqaddim preceding, antecedwelljjjli

ent;

moving forward, advancing;


part;

qdra

pl. -t dirt, filth,

squalor;

advanced; (being)
fore

in front, ahead, in the

rubbish, garbage; (moral) defilement

foremost;

aforesaid,

before|

jiU* maqdir* dirty


fii

t Jungs, dirt, filth

mentioned; advanced; senior


jfj
j*aiitl

(athkt.)

(dihruh) the aforesaid, the

qada'a
vilify

(qad*)

to

defame,

malign,
evil

before-mentioned ; ^J\
(sinn, 'umr) in

j >Xb.
in

advanced
old;
Jljl

j) age, well along


fXSi* (ibbnihx)

(or j**ll

s.o.),

backbite,

wag an

tongue,
<Jii

make
i

slanderoua remarks
(i_j
(i_j

years,

J*

qadafa

(qadf) to throw, cast

or or

premature, precipitate,untimely; y*cW


j_^-Iillj {wa-l-mnta'akkirn)

* s.th.); to

throw away, discard


(<-.

the earlier

and the
(jjj

later

m s.th.); to fling, hurl, toss

or * s.th.);
*, a,

all

to hurl down, toss

down
(l->
(<_j

(<-

or

b.o., s.o.,

and

(^oi)

lo

qad

(qadw)
jlo*

and ^oi

s.th.); s.th.);

to push, shove
to row, oar

(<_j

or

qadiya a (^oi qadan,

qadwa) to

or * s.th.); to
or * s.th.); to

be tasty, aavory (food) VIII to imitate,


co Py (v B *-> s.th.), emulate (^ s.o.), follow s.o. 's {i_j) model or example, be

eject, emit, discharge

expel
(<_j

(ij

or

*,

s.o., s.th.);

to evict, oust

or
*,

s.o.);
s.o.
(
(<-.

to drop (u* s.th.); to pelt

guided
jO*

(<-.

by)

(u*

with); to defame, Blander,


b.o.);

calumniate

to accus

(i_j

* s.o.
|

qudwa,

qidwa

model,

pattern,
of),

charge
4sJi

s.o.

with); to vomit
s.th.,

example, exemplar
JjLIIj

to

bomb

strafe

s.th.

^a*
(food)

qadiy

tasty,

savory,

palatable

with

bombs; /bJjl

*-U
s.o.

J*i
II to

to

hurl

abusive language at

row, oar

751

VI to pelt one another

{.->

with)

to

throw
(*

bear
jiJl
t^ii

it,

swallow the bitter


*Jj-

pill;

^^f-

to each other, throw back


a.th.)
;

and forth

J*

(pammada

jufTiah) do.
pl.

to

hove around,
|

push around
lil

gwfan

pl. IUI

aqda fine dust;

cJ SlJ (amwju) to be tossed about by the waves VII to be


^1^.

(oruB.o.)

4j

partioles floating in the air


(Ist pers.

thrown, be cast, be flung, be hurled, be


tossed, be flung off

qarra (Ist pers. perf. qarariu)


perf.

i,

qaririu)

a (jly

jarr)

to

settle

JtJi qadf defamation; calumny, Blander,


false

down,

establish o.a.,

become

settled or

accusation

(esp.,

of
|

forni-

sedentary, take up one's residence, rest,


abide, dwell, live, reside, remain, stay,
linger

oation; Ial. Law); rowing, oaring

-uJI

JjLUL bombing, bombardment; JjLlJI bomber

J i/lL

(^
it

or

in, at

a place)
|

J* ^J\

(ra'yu)

was decided to
to
...,

...,

the decision

was
jii qadfi slanderous, libelous, defam-

reached

resolution

waa

passed on

s.th.

or to the effect that;

atory
ijli

qa44(:

*i\Ji

SjU

(tayyra)

(ra'yuh) to reBolve, determine J* *db on s.th., make up one's mind to (do


s.th.), decide,

bomber
JuJS qadtfa pl.

make
JU*J

a decision for or on

or to

iJuU* qag'if2 projectile;

do

s.th.;

yu ^

to be flighty, be
J

bomb;

shell; fuse,

detonator
ijjJj

LJ

of uns table temperament; jlji

*Jj
[qarr)

Jk

to be restless, restive,

(na&sfa) torpedo;

j- (yadawiya)

uneasy,
i
r (

hand grenade
i_!ii.

wavering, undecided;
2

qarra a
|

(qarr)

to be cold, chilly, cool

L_* jt

ainan)

miqdaf

pl.

Jjli. maqdif

oar,

to be of good cheer; c_t

oJ

('ainuh) to
II

paddle
i_Jl.UA*

be glad, be delighted (^ at)

to settle,

miqdf

pl. i_jjjL>

maqdif* oar,

make

sedentary

s.o. in,

at a place),
fix,

paddle
iju-ij
Si.li

establish <j

* s.th.

in);

to

settle,

appoint, assign, schedule, determine, stip-

&#$/

rowing, oaring
ulate,

regulato

(*

s.th.);

to decide

{*

qdifa: Jj-JUI i_ pl. JjL-JI oliil


,_^DI iLS 9. al-lahab or

s.th.); to
s.th.)
;

determine, resolve, decide {* on

bomber;
flaute

jUl Sl#

to confirm, establish, affirm, aver (*

thrower

s.th.); to report, relate, teil (* s.th.);

to

iJij-* vnaqj pl. _Ju -Li*

maqdif3 and

jiJL.

maqdfa
pl.

pl. -dt

misse; projectile
JoSl

make a report, give make a Statement;

a paper to force

(^
s.o.

on); to
()

to

JlJi

yaAiJ

JJJ gu^uZ,

a^jfiZa

oc-

confess or acknowledge s.th. (J* or u), make s.o. () confess or acknowledge s.th.

ciput

IV:

(J* or tary (j
u-e

i_>)

IV

to

settle,

make

seden-

s.o.

in, at a

place), establish
(* s.th.);

j-il

('ainah) to

vex, annoy,

gall s.o., cause s.o.

worry
un.
lii

(j *

s.th. in); to
( s.o.) sit

safeguard

to

have
qadh) s.th.

down, seat

( s.o.,

j in, in
to

(j ?a{an

(coli.; n.

a seat); to set up, Institute {*


found, establish (*
(

s.th.);

that geta in one's eye or into a beverage,


a floating impurity, mote, speck; foreign

s.th.)

to install, instate

s.o.

in

an

office) ; to confirm, establish,

body

in the

eye

c* j
jJJHI

jii {'ainihi) an

affirm, aver (* s.th.); to agree, consent


(t_j

odious

thing,

approx. :

an eyesore, J*

or - to); to acknowledge,

own

(_j

thorn in the flesh;

^l (agd)

or
(-

s.th.)

to
(l->

confess,

avow, admit

to bear annoyance patiently, grin

and

s.th.),

own

to s.th.); to concede.

; ;

752

grant (i or

<i

to a.o. s.th.)

be

j
ness

qurr oold, ooldness,

nhillinftfls,

oool-

fatMM)
deUght

(to cool s.o.'s eye

=) to gUdden,
be
settled,

s.o.

V to be

fixed,

\j qirm
coolness
^11

oold,

ooldness,

ohillineBS,

appointed, be scheduled, be determined,

be regulated, be stipulated, be deoided;


to resolve itself (Situation)

to settle

\j

qurrat ai-'ain oonaolation for

down, eBtabliah
or

o.a.,

beoome Bettled or

the eye, delight of the eye; joy, pleasure,

deght; darling;

(bot.) oress

sedentary, take up one's residence (4*

j in, at a plaoe); to oome to rest (v or j in, at a place); to rest, abide, dwell,


live,

j\J qarr sedentariness,

settledness,

stationarineBS, sedentation ; fixedness, fixi-

reaide, remain, stay, linger (i^ or

ty ; firmness, solidity; steadiness, constanoy, continuance,

in,

at a plaoe, Jl with s.o.); to be

permanency,

stability;

firmly embedded, get stuck, get lodged

repose, rest, stlness; duration; abode,

(j in); to be firm, solid, enduring, durable, lasting, table; to beoome stabilized, st&bilize,

dwelling, habitation; residenoe; resting

place;

bottom
jlj

(e.g.,

of a receptaole);

be Consolidated

(Situation,

depth
lution

(of the sea); (pl. -it) decision, reso|

conditions); ultimately to attain ( J a State

V (H

qarra) inconstant,

or oondition), finally find a firm Position

ohangeable,

unstable;

bottomless,

un-

to become finally (J s.th.), ulti(J mately tum into s.th. (J); to be estsbin);

fathomable, immeasurable; jljUI jla the


hereafter, the world to
q.

com;

O V_A' j'j

lished, settled, fixed; to be stationary


l

ai-mauja wave trough (ittAn.); Cj\JJ

tU. JcJi (jfiruM) his mind dwelled ji-l (n'y) it was deoided J Jjll to..., the decision was reached to...;
>v
.

Lxdl modifying regulations


j'j*

on

. . ;

qw&ra

bottom;
|

low

ground,

depression, depth

j-iJI Ij^J

(j. i-

a resolution was passed on


effect that;

s.th. or

to the

naft) in the depth of the heart

resolve,

J jlj JcJ determine on s.th.,


s.th.),

(ra'yu) to

one's

mind to (do
J

make up decide, make


s.th.
;

jjqarlr:

JyJI

j_j

q. ai-'ain

happy,

gratified, delighted, glad

a decision for or on or to do

Jic*\

ijjjli

qirira

pl. j_ jlj!

oowrlr* long-

jj.y\
j\_
J

his Situation

had stabilUed;
restless,

neoked bottle

yt_j V (qortnn) to be
uneasy,
.u

Ju

maqarr

pl.

Ju maqrr*

abode,

restiTe,

wavering,
i

undeoided;

dwelling, habitation; residenoe; storage

JU

y
mj*\

>

(ba'du)

arrived at a lasting Solution,

we haven't yet we haven't


...,

plaoe; seat, oenter; site, plaoe; Station; Position (at sea)


|

JJI > m.
oflficial

al-'amal

yet attained a definitive posjtion; jc~\

plaoe

of

employment; Lifl^i head-

he

finally

became

he ended

quarters;

up

as ...; *-i'

j >tJ

fW j"

seat, seat of

to be a positive
s.o.

fact with s.o., be

beyond doubt for


JcJt (muflmu,
;

(jKll or) fll


to settle

4.

uMs)

Ju taqHr establishment, settlement;

down permanently to sit down not tomovefrom one's seat; ^^1 *t


(majlim) to
seat; JU-I
sit

fization; appointment, aasignment, reg-

jU

ulation,

arrangement,

stipulation;
(pl.

de-

termination; decision;
report, aooount
|

jtjUj laqrir*)
self-de-

down, get seated, take a

j^iS j^JJ
j_J

u >t-l to be firmly established,

termination

(pol.);

^1

j-

be settled; to be in a secure position

Uj;

(haqq al-l.) the right of peoples to

j qarr oold, ohUly, cool

se-determination;

i^jil

JLJ-I

j_j*S

, ; , ; ;

783

-r-J
to read (a a.th.; *

(awioiya)
t,

weather report;

it^-tll

j JiZ

a.th.);

J or J*
l_y

b.o.

ai-htrfa police report


jljil

s.th.); to

peruse (*
|

s.th.); to

study (* J*
(salma)

iqrr

settling,

settlement

under
(of

b.o. s.th.)

*^Ul 4~L

nomads); setting up,


lishment ;

insti tutton, estab;

to greet, Baiute s.o.; to extend greetings


to s.o.;

foundation

installation,

in-

J *jL* \ to reckon with


account;
(_>!- <JJI

s.th.,
*J

statement; delivery of a confirmation or


assurance;
confirmation,
affirmation,

take

B.th. into

!y

(alfa h.) to

have a thousand apprehensions


IV to

averment; assurance; acknowledgment


confeseion, avowal, admission
jl^i^l
istiqrr

about

s.th.

make

or have

( s.o.)

read (*

B.th.); to

teach

( s.o.)

the art of

reciting (* s.th.); to teach

( s.o.)

how

to

sedentariness, settled

read (*

s.th.)

WJl
s.o.

t \j\

(salma) to

ness,

tationariness,

sedentation ;

re-

extend greetings to

to ask

a.o.{)

maining, abiding, lingering, Btay, sojourn;


Bettung,

to recite or read; to inveatigate, examine,

settlement,

eetahlishment

explore (*

B.th.),

search (* into s.th.);

Bteadiness, constanoy, continuance, per-

to study thoroughly (* B.th.)

manency; strengtbening, conaolidation,


stabilization,
Btillneas

stability ;

repose,

rest,

*J 7ur>
tion

pl- *jj*

quru mensee, menstrua-

U\Ji qir'a
jLi

pl.

-t

recitation,

recital

qrr sedentary, settled, resident;

(esp. of the

Koran); reading

(also, e.g.,

standing, permanent; fixed, stationary;


cold,
chilly,

of measuring Instruments; pari.); ner of


recitation,

manand
|

cool

IjJI

(jji)

ol.bVl
*ii-

punotuation

(ad*t) (in)direct taxes (ma$r.); ij\i


(lafna)

vocalization of the Koranio text

U\

permanent committee, standing

J&\

q. al-kaff

chiromancy, palmistry

committee
jTjJUl al-qur'n the
jli

Koran

qrra pl. -t continent, mainland

j\ji qurnx Koranio, of or pertaining jjju

muqarrir

pl.

reporter

(in

to the

Koran
istiqr'
pl.

general and of a newspaper)


*\jii*\

-t

investigation,

jjju
fixed ,

muqarrar
determined
,

eatablished

settled

examination, exploration; see also under

decided

appoin ted
L}\ Jiz*\ istiqr'l

aseigned, scheduled, regulated, Btipulated,

see under
-n,

decreed ;
decisions
|

(pl.

-t)

curriculum

. \j Jaa

j
|

Ljl>il jjk* m. al-mizniya the

,jj\i

qri*

pl.

*\ qurr* reciter
,_i53l [$j\i

propoeed

budget

jjju

<jl*-

accom-

(esp. of the
q.

Koran); reader

plisbed faot; ~jJ* Jlj*' direot taxes


m j\ -~

al-kaff chiromancer, palmist

mustaqirr

sedentary,

settled

*)* maqr* read (past


readable; worth reading
'<Sj*

part.); legible,

resident; firmly establisbed, deep-seated,

deep-rooted; fixed, immobile, stationary;


firm,
solid,

muqri' reciter of the


pl.

Koran

enduring, durable, lasting,


r-lyf

gari

-t

(Saudi Arabian spelling)

stable

garage
Jic* mvstagarr abode, dwelling, habitation; residenoe; seat; reating plaoe

*Vj* qaruba u (qurb, \jA* maqraba) to be near to s.o., to B.th.); to oome near, (Jl or

Ty qara'a a (UlJ
(*
B.th.,

qir'a) to declaim, recite

get cloee (Jl or ,y to


in (Jl or

a.o.,

to B.th.), close

esp.

the Koran;

J* to

b.o.

on

s.o.,

on

s.th.),

approach

*J
(Jf or

s.o., s.th.);

to approximate (Jl

(j*

s.o.,

s.th.),

come, advance, or get

or & B.th.);
to
(*,
s.o.,
s.o.,

qariba a to
oome
to

be near

(*,

near

s.o.

or s.th. (j*),

come

close, get

to B.th.); to
s.o.,

near, get cloee

olose (j* to)

to find near, regard as

to

s.th.), olose in (*,

on

near (*

s.th.)

on

a.th.),

approach

(*,

b.o., s.th.);

*t*J ?ur^>

neamesB, closeness, proximity,

to approximate (* s.th.) ; to

draw near, be
t

vicinity; qurba (prep.) in the vioinity of,

ooming on, approach


(with
foll.

j* <->j*

(yaqrubu)

near, toward

_^lill
|

<_^J

qurba %-fuhr

figure)

approximately, about,

toward noon;

K->* or j*

Borne, circa II to oause or allow (*,


s.th.) to

s.o.,

vicinity of, near, olose

t-V^k i tne to; <-*j* j* from

come near or get

close (Jl or ,>


*

a short distance, from close up

to s.th.),

make
(

or let

(*,

s.o.,

s.th.)
{*,

approach

Jl

or j*

B.th.),

bring close
B.th.),

\
(pl.
ij ji

gtroa pl.

-t, <~>j>

qirab waterskin;

s.o., s.th.; Jl

or j* to

advance,
ahip

^>J

qirab)

bagpipe

move
B.th.),

(*,

s.o., s.th.;

Jl

or ^* toward

qurb relation, relationship, kin|

approximate {*

B.th.; Jl or
Jl

& to);

iJj\

jj

pl.

J>l

jj'i

iaw

l-q.

to bring
e.g.,

home
idea);

(*

j or

to s.o. s.th.,

relative, relation
i^jji qarib near (in place

an

to take as asaociate or

and time),
of

companion (j*
oloser

b.o.

for o.a.); to bring

nearby, olose at hand; in the neighbor-

to
(*

comprehension,
s.th.),

reveal

more

hood or
B.th.),

vicinity

(JI

or j* of

b.o.,

fuy

clarify

the

concept,

close (Jl or j* to b.o., to s.th.),


s.th.); easily
l

facilitate the

understanding

<* of s.th.);

adjacent (Jl or j* to
stood, simple; (pl.
relation;

under-

to

offer

up,

present (* J to

sacrifice); {Chr.) to

adminiater

God as Commun-

.Ly

aqrib**) relative,

Uy qariban
in the

soon, before long,


future;
reoently,
|

ion

to s.o.); to sheathe, put into the


(*

shortly,
lately,
i_-iji

near

soabbard

the sword)

bring people closer

wiw ^>j to together, make peace


|

not long ago, the other day


q.)

j* and -j^* l> ('amm

soon,

among
be near
near,

people,
(*,

reconcile
s.o.,

people III to

before long, shortly, in the near future;

to

to s.th.); to

oome
b.o.,

Am

j\

ljj j

V not

in the
t-jyill

least,

come

olose, get close (*,


(*,
*

to

not by a far cry; J*-LJl

in the

to s.th.), olose in

on

s.o.,

on

B.th.),

immediate future;
fair, fairly

^^

<L

j* Ljjy (Hasan)

approach
(*
s.th.)
;

(*, s.o., s.th.);

to approximate
(*

good

(as a school-report grade)

to

be almost equivalent

J^JI

t^y

q. al-'ahd recent,

new, young;
late,

with

s.th.),

amount to almost the same


B.th.);
B.th.),

i^jji X+z

since recently, of
J^Jl ,_-iy

of a

thing (* as
(jl

to be on the point

recent date ; reoently, lately, not long ago,

of doing

be about

(jl to

do

the other day;

<->

having adopt-

B.th.);

to bring (oloee) together (j

jo
s.o.,

ed or acquired

s.th.

very reoently; not


s.th.,

different thinga)
Jl
s.o.,

to approach (j* or
or get near

long familir or aoquainted with

s.th.),

oome

inexperienoed at

s.th.,

a novioe in

s.th.;

near

s.th.

(j*

or Jl),

come

J;Uzll ,_jji q, at-tantinU


close,

easy to under-

get

Btand
gain aocess

olose (j* or Jl to s.o.),


Jl

(>

or
i^lj* qirab pl. qurub, <~>J$

to s.o.); to seek to gain

b.o.'b

(Jl)

iyl aqriba

favor, curry favor (Jl with b.o.); {Chr.)

aheath, soabbard (of a sword) ; receptaole,


Container, oase, etui, oovering
*j\ji

to receive

Communion VI

to be or

come

near each other, approach one another,

qarba

relation,

relationship,

approximate each other VIII to approach

kinship

766

C^
<-jlj3l iqtirb

ily
faltati

qurba:

Aj*\

*J^J

Sily qurbata

approach; approximation
pl.

a'wm almost three years


t-j^l*

mugarrab

-n close companion,

Ly

yurfen pl. j*jl^*

jordWn1

sacrifice,

favorite, protege\ intimate


i-jjLL.

offering,

immolation,
(Chr.)

oblation ;
\

Mass
mugrib approximate, approxi;

(Chr.); Euoharist

JiiJ\

^J

q.

aS-hikr thank offering; uLjilt

x*

mative, estimated
of

medioore,

medium,

*ld al-q.

medium

Corpus Christi
uu&>) to

quality

(Chr.); u\jjii\ JjUj (ton-

receive

Communion

(CAr.);

i-jjliu mutaqrib close together, follow-

J*

LjJI ij or je L^JtJI *jS (gaddama) to


s.o. (CAr.)

ing

in

close

intervals,

consecutive,

read Mass for

successive, subsequent; _jjUi1I

name of

i'Ly qurbna Host; Communion (CAr.)


!

a poetical meter
l-'jli

_jyl

a^Taft*

nearer,

nearest,
likely;

next;

qrib pl. <->j|y qawrib * boat, skiff

more probable, more


likely;
pl.

probable,
aqrib 2

ijjJl -jli g.

az-zubda L-.

(eg.)

sauceboat for
(muaaZJaA)

jJ\ aqrabn,
|

_jjlil

melted

butter ;

^j Li

relations, relatives

*+Jl Jl *_jyl

(fahm)

gunboat;

Sl>JI i_jjli 9.

an-na7ftA lifeboat;

easier to understand,
sible; (v'j-*J' or)

more comprehenJl

fUJVl
^fjlj

Je-

<ji^JI ujliminesveepeir;ujlj

wJl

l-^I j*
it is

(pt'AAa,

motorboat
qawribi boatman
pl.

fatob)

it

is

quite probable,

fairly fairly

tjjlji

correct,

it is

rather exact,

it

oomes

close to the truth;

(j&) cJj

<-_^l
L.

/*

u'jij'

q&raba (qarba)

^j-^J* qarbis*

aqrabi ivaqtin (mumkinin) or

j&_

-y L

saddlebow
*^jji qarabina pl. -t carbine

(ywnfcinu) as soon as possible, in the


shortest time possible
<-jJl>

maqrab

pl. ^-jjll.

mayn'6 1 nearest

jy* jaraAo a (qarh) to

wound

s.o.);

or shortest way, short cut


*iJa maqraba,
nese,

qariha a (qarah) to ulcerate, fester; to be

covered with ulcers, be ulcerous II to

maqruba nearaess,
vicinity;
(pl.

close-jjII.

wound
invent,

{* s.o.)

to ulcerate, fester; to

proiimity,

be covered with ulcers, be ulcerous VIII to


originate,

maqrib*) nearest or shortest way, short

think

up

(*

s.th.);

out

ijyL.

J* nearby,

close

at

hand;

to improvise,

extern porize,

deliver offin
_j

to

*jJl>

J*

in the vicinity of, near, close

hand
of

(*

speech);

to

demand
(* or

a
J*

brash or imperioua manner


i-rijA

taqrib

approximation

Lj^J
t-t.

s.o. s.th.);

to propose, suggest (* J

taqriban, t_-^u, _-;jidl **-ji bi-wajhi

to s.o. s.th.)

or i-fij^ J* approximately, almost, nearly, roughly, about; L^i" ^-j-* just barely perceptible

rj* ?ar ^

P**

rJj* 2ur

^ wound;

ulcer,

^JZ
mative
<-jjj

taqrtbi

approximate,

approxi-

{J* qrih covered with ulcers, ulcerous, ulcerated; ulcerating, festering


**-j*

qarha
|

pl.

~Ji qirah ulcer, sore;

taqarrub approach; approximation

abscess, boil

Sy-Jl i*-Jb\ (rafava) soft

(-to)
i_jjLSj

chancre, Chancroid (med.)


taqrub mutual approach;

mutual

r\ji

qarh

pure,

limpid,

clear

(esp.

approximation; rapprochement

water)

766

fj
water)
iiCji

qarih

pure,

limpid, clear (esp.

fJ-tS

quraiS

Koreish,

name

of

an

rab
qartha pl.

tribe in anoient

Mecca
pertaining
to,

\J

qar'ih 1 natural

^J
ite

qurafo

of,

or

dispoaition,

innate

dipoaition,

bent

belonging to the Koreish tribe; Koreish-

genius, talent, gift, faculty


~jZi taqarruh uloeration

^i>

qarli, <tij> qafi&a sour cheese

r\ji\ iqtirh invention, improvisation;


(pl. -t)

^jJL.

muqriS

rieh,

well-to-do,

pros-

proposition, proposal, Suggestion;

perous, wealthy,

moneyed
to pinch, nip, tweak

motion

^*j
with rjaa muqarrah oovered
ulceroua, ulcerated
ulcers,
(*,

qarapa

(qar$)
s.th.);

s.o.,

to Scratch
(.

(*,

s.o.,

s.th.);
flea,

to bite, sting

s.o.;

of a gnat,

rjfc* miUaqarrik covered with uloers,


ulcerous, ulcerated; uleerating, festering

and tbe like)


s.o.

to hurt

| iULi *~*J (6t- lisnihl) with words II to pinch or

nip sharply, tweak

(*,

s.o., s.th.);

to

-JU.

muqiarah

pl.

-St

proposition,

Scratch

all

over

(*,

s.o., B.th.);

to shape

proposal, Suggestion; motion

into round, flat loaves (,>**" tne dough)


<j*j> ?ur? pl-

ij

qird pl.

Oji qtrada, *jj qurd ape, monof


(coli.; n. (ooll.;

u^j*' aq r &$ round,


circular)

flat loaf

key
j_^ gurd

bread;

(flat,

plate,

disk,

un.
n.

I)

tick (zool.)

diaous;

phonograph record,
(j^l
|

diso; sheave,

pulley (mech.); tablet, pastille, lozenge,

i\J qurd

un.
j

qirdn tick, tioks


(eg.)

(zool.)

\*J ii\*J y\ ab q.

S)

pl.

troche

^J dial (of a telepbone)


a paetry made of rieh

ij

white egret

^J\

o. 'ajwa

(zool.)

sjJ* maqrd exhausted

^bj quraidu (syr.) shrimp


^J
qarisa

dough with almonds and date paste (syr.) ; '*a^ honeycomb; jbJl .-LJ-* \j*j ? feather one's *~+J (nm) approx.: to
neBt,
fieroe,

(zool.)

(qartu)

to be severe
II

terest,
is

have an eye out for one's own inknow on which side one's bread

biting,

grim (the cold)

to freeze,

make
of

buttered

torpid, (be)numb, nip (*,

s.o., s.th.;

^J qurtf:
like,

jCiJt

&j

q.

ai-SaH diak-

the cold)

dik-ahaped, diseoid, disoous


pl.

^j

qris severe, fieroe, biting, grim

4**J qur$a
loaf of bread
**~*j*

^J

qurafi

round,

flat

(of the cold); freezing, frozen

very cold, bitterly cold,

garpa

pl-

qaraft

pinch,
flea,

nip,

*; qaraSa

(qarX) to gnash, grind (one's

tweak;

bite, sting (of

a gnat,

and

teeth); to nibble, orunch,

ohew

(* .th.);

the like) ; crowbar, pinch bar, handspike,


lever
Lf

qaraia

(qarf), II

and VIII to eam


li-'iydliht

money, make a
for one's family)

Irving (JL-J

*iji qurraifi
bot.)

stinging nettle (Urtica

urens L.;
<**\ji

JJ qiri ahark (zool.); (pl. JjJ qurt) = Vioo Eg. pound) U JJ Vi Standard piaster; **ijZ ^J
piaster
(eg.,
|

qarrpa pinoers, nippers

(eg. t

i-M*ly

qarpiya

(eyr.)

Bmall,

black

H- J'J)

uttIe

P"**61

plums;

(eg.)

prunes

767

u
u
(garf)

^jll

qria

biting; stinging; painful,


(e.g.,

*.Uy qarafa

to out into small pieces,


II

nipping, tormenting

oold)

^j'j*

ohop, minoe {* s.th.)

do.; to snuff,

oUSjl

q.

al-kalimt biting words


piraoy, robbery

trim (* a oandle, a wick); to squeeze


(Jp
s.th.); (eg.)

<~*j qaraana

on the high

to urge, ply (J*


{

s.o.);

to

be stern, be

striot

J with

s.o.);

to baset,

seas, freebooting

jLy

qurpdn

pl.

j-*ly qarOfin*, j;-*'y

harass, prees hard (J* s.o.); to give Uttle (J* to s.o.), be illiberal, be stingy (J*

gar^fn 1 corsair, pirate, freebooter

with

s.o.),

scrimp (J*

s.o.)

^y

garo^a

(qar<f)

to out, sever, oat off,

i>y gurf

pl. .Ulyl agrd?,

.Uly gtrd?, .Ujy


for the

clip

(* s.th.);

to

gnaw

{*

e.th.

or

od

gurti earring; eardrop,

pendant

.th.), nibble (* s.th. or at s.th.), bite,

ear

champ
(*

(* s.th.), eat (* into s.th.),


|

oorrode

iLjyb taqrifa

pl. lujljj fagoYff 8

wrapper

e.th.)

LUj

^J
to

(nbOtah) to die;

wora by women
'.UljJ pl-

(tun.)

^^iJI

^ij

(Kra) to write poetry, make

verses II

=
VI

I;

IV to loan, lend, or ad(*


s.o.);

-Wj'y look up alphabetioally

vance,

money

to lend (*

to

i>-Uy* aee

o*iy

s.o. s.th.)

LiJl

l^jL

(fanfa) they

competed
die out;

in the reoital of eulogies VII to

,yUy qirfds, pl. u^\ Ji qarffl paper; sheet of


paper; paper bag

to

become

eztinct;

to periah

VIII to raise a loan {,y with), borrow


(j- from)

Uy

gurfuta' Cordova (oity in Spain)

to ask for a loan (j-

s.o.)

u*j qarf (qirf) pl. ^jj qurtft loan jj-*- ^ij (Hasan) interest-free loan with
|

oJy

qarfajanna2 , <*r^J* Gartbage


garfa paper; sheet of paper
off,

^y

unstipulated due date; JL.

^y

(mal*)

(monetary) loan

,_^ytJl

*+-!

ashum

iy qarfama to out
al-q,

op

(* B.th.)

bonds

*iy gif^im, gurfumsafilower (Carthamua

o*iJ
*-*ly

?ar

# poetry
pl.

tinctorius; ot.)

qurtfa

-t

chips,

shroda,

Uy
iy
II

qw-fumn oats
to
praise,
(*

paringa, havings, scraps; iron filings

commend,

laud,

extol,
s.th.),

L*ly

qarrtfa clothes

moth
sois-

acolaim

s.o.);

to eulogize (*

^j*
sors

migra^

lavish praise (* on)


pl.

^jjU* mogdri^*

iiy qara$ pods of a speoies of sant tree


(Acacia nilotica;
bot.)

^Ijiil

ingtrdtf

dying out, gradual


Jijy gart? eulogy, enoomium, panegyrio
Jijyu
tagrif
pl.

diaappearance; extinction

^\Ji\

iqtir4 loan

-,

JijjUj

taqrtf*

eulogy, enoomium, panegyrio

u*\jjc\ %gtiqr4 raising of a loan; loan


^jljiJI al-qawri4 the rodents

fy

garo'a a (gar*) to knook, rap (* at s.th.);

to hit,

bump
beat,

(* a.th. or against s.th.); to

.jjj* muqri4
lender

pl.

-H

moneylender;
strike,

tbump

(*

against

s.th,;

t^ji-. mufi^an^ eztinct, exterminated,


perished

with; J* ._. with s.th. on or s.th. eise); to thraeh, spank (.-


<.o., s.th.

*-*

s.o.

with); to olink, touch (* glaases); to

V
ring,

sound

(*

s.th.)

qari'a

(qara

r )

f\ qurS, Mjl

.jfj

mara4

al-qur* a

to

be or become

bald(headed); to be
,j-/W
|

Bkk disease, ringworm (med.)


jji qarx
q.

empty, bare, stark (place)


(jarasa)

to

ring

the

bell ;

4_j"

(sam'ah)

to reach

s.o.'a

ear;

4^-

(trinnah) to

gnash one's teeth; j-

f f f f

exquisite, select

^ajJI
|

ad-dahr the greatest hero of bis time

f\

aqra' 2 bald; baldheaded;

empty,

(J*

or)

>xJl

(einna n-nadam) to repent


(damirvJi) his conscience

bare, stark; scabby, sourfy


*jju

B.th.;

*js*

miqraa pl.

tormented or

smote

hira,
feit

he

had

jli maqri'* knocker,

rapper (of a door); whip, Bwitch; cudgel,


club

guUty oonscience, he
punctions;
glasseB,

grave

com-

^l&l f
s.o.'s

(kasa) to touoh
(J)

drink to

health II to

Mjij

taqri* chiding, scolding, reproof,

soold, chide, upbraid


B.o.)
;

( b.o.),

snap

at

rebuke, censure
le-j\X

to rebuke, btame, censure

s.o.)

muqraa
against)

fight,

struggle

(with

III to fight,

come
(

to blowa
b.o.);

with

s.o.);

genit.

to battle, fight
force of

to contend

by

arme

f\Ji\ iqtir' pl. -i balloting, recruit-

(je-

with

s.o. for s.th.);


s.o.)

ment, draft

(mil.);

to caBt or

draw

lots {

with
other,

VI to
to
5*jl* qri'a pl.

vote (J* on); election

hump
cast

against
lots

each

olash;
(

fj\ qawri'* (sudden)


advereity;
*jliJI
|

Till

to
for);

among each other J* for) cast lots among each other

misfortune, calamity;

the hour of the Last

Judgment

5*jl*

to vote, take a vote (J* on); to draw lots ( for s.o.), chooae by lot (

(J*

Ji^Dl middleof the road, roadway; road,

highway;

3Jai\

S*jli

J*

(Juru<i)

on the

s.o.); to muflter, recruit { s.o.; mtl.);

to

open road

elect (*,

s.o., s.th.)

Jt qarafa
knock(ing), rap(ping), beat-

(qarf)

qar*

(* s.th.);

to peel, pare, bark, derind

qarifa a (qaraf) to loathe

ing, striking,

thumping;

ring(ing)
)

(a s.th.), feel disgust (* for), (a

be nauseated
bark, derind

f
I

qar' (coli.; n. un.

gourd, pump-

by)

II

to peel, pare,

"Jjj-*

(*)

Mottle gourd, calSer. ;


bot.)
;

(a s.th.); to

be loathsome, arouse disgust be tempted


(* to

abash
tf-jS*

(Lagenaria

vulgaris
(eg.,

III to let o.s.

Bin),

g.

ka

ayr.)

zuochini

yield

(a

to a desire)

Till to oommit,

(boQ

perpetrate (a a crime)
qara'

baldness,

baldheadedness;

J> qaraf loathing, disgust, detestation


*i qtrfa
pl. <Jiy qiraf rind,

emptiness, bareness, starkness

bark, okin,

l* qar'a
stroke,

(n.

vio.)

knock, rap, blow


gourd,

crust; scab, scurf;

cinnamon
cemetery,
specif.,

thump;

(n. un.)

pump*i\

qarfa

(eg.)

kin; skull head

graveyard below

the

Mokattam

Hills

^
"**

quT'l gourd-,

pumpkin-

(in

Com-

near Cairo

pounds), cuourbitaceous
qur'a pl.
(mil.)
lot),

<u
lot;

qarifa l

humor, Ul temper
disgusted, nauseated,

qura'

ballot;

lot-casting;

oonscription, recruit*
|

\i qarj an
siok

(eg.)

ment (by

balloting

*;_-*

\t,

and

tired

('cukariya) enlistment, draft, recruitment


(mil,); 4.j\ jLl drafted recruits

<Jilj3l iqtirf

commission, perpetration

(of a crime)

789

OJ
Aji

i_jyu

muqrif

loathsome,

disgusting,

qarm

pl.

?j qurm studhorse;

lord,

nauseating, repulsive, detestable


Jtjl* muqtarif perpetrator (of a crime)

master
f'j*

qirm blanket, oarpet, curtain

o**

qarfasa to squat on the ground (with

*jju

miqram

pl.

fjli

maqrim2 bed-

thighs

against

the stomach and

arms
a

cover, bedspread.

enfolding the legs)


LaJji

l* qurma
log,

pl.

quram

(eg.)

tree

stump;

qurjupa* squatting, squatting


|

block of wood ; ohopping block

Position

LaijiJI

(-ii

or) Lr JU-

(qwfupaa)
3
j

to squat on one's heels


Jljy qarfl (coli.; n. un.
)

JJiJI al-qirim

und

**^i]l

aj-gtrim the Crimea

vetch

x* qarmada to
(* s.th.); to

plaster, coat

with plaster
s.th.)

tile,

cover with tue (*

qaraqa u (garq) to cluck (hen)


Xj

qarmad

(coli.)

plaster; plaster of

Jlj qarqadn aquirrel

Paris
roll; to
;

qarqara

( qarqara) to
to

mmble
to

x^

qirmid

(coli.; n.

un.

pl.

-vi/*

(stomach) ;

bray

(camel)

coo

qarmid2
of Paris

(fired)

brick, roof tile; plaster

(pigeon); to purr (cat)

*
(of

qarqara

pl-

qarqir* rumbling

noise (in the stomach); gurgle; braying

qirmiz kermes (the dried bodies of the


ilicis,

female kermes insect, coccus


yield a red dyestuff)

whioh

camel) ;

cooing

(of

pigeon)

purr(ing) (of a cat)

<Sj* qirmt crimson, carmine ; scarlet


jijiji qarqi pl.

<i\

qarqiP cartilage qarqUP


(eg.)

*j_

J*i\ LfJ~

(humm)
(eg.)

Bcarlet fever (med.)

** qarqSa

pl. ,_^l>

a kind of crisp Cookies


i/fj*

qarmaSa

to

eat

s.th.

dry

(*),

crunch, nibble

muqarqaS
(eg.)

(eg.) crisp(ed)

JuJl, muqarmaS dry,


s.th.)
j

crisp
pl.

Lr*i qarqatfa

to gnaw,

bite (*

on

-Lij

qarmafi Karmatbian (adj. and n.);

*JU-I

J* o**J* ^ g nasn one's teeth

ik.ly qarmifa Karmathians

Jj* jar^a'a to be noisy , boisterous ; to


creak, grate; to crack,

*^j* qarmf

pl.

^*\

qarmif 2 a variety of

pop

l-L* j

sheatfish (zool; Eg.)

(iLillj

or)

(tfaAfc)

to burst into loud

laughter, laugh noisily, guffaw; <i^-J J^S


(6t-5auJtAi) to

qarana
unite,
s.th.

(qarn) to

connect, Unk, join,


(Jl

crack the whip


uproar, din, noise; creak-

combine, associate
with); to

or

U qarqa'a

add
bind

(Jf

* s.th. to); to

ing, creaks, grating ; crack(ing), pop(ping)

couple,

yoke together, hitch together,


together
(

rumble, rumbling

put together,
III

*
{*

s.th.)

to unite, join forces, associate


to be simultaneous,
(*

with

qaraqz (frora Turk. karagz) chief char-

s.o.);

go hand in
(u* a,
,j"ii

acter of the Turkiah

shadow play

hand

with

s.th.); to
s.o.,

compare
with;

6
l

or {/jj
see JjJ
i

^tj

s.th.

(qarm) to

C/H

two things with one another), draw a paral-

? qarama

gnaw

(*

on

s.th.),

lel (C/jj

^j

between

and;
IV
to

nibble (* at s.th.)

between two things)

j^b* *i combine,

oj
interrelate
(

760

j^

^u two

things) VIII to

i^y
specif.,

qarina

pl.

-dt

wife,

spouse,

be connected, be linked, be joined, be


united, be oombined, be assooiated
(i_* (<-*

consort; female

demon haunting women,


demon;
eolampaia
qar'in 1 ) conneotion,

childbed
(pl.

with); to combine, asBociate, unite with); to get married, be married

(med.);

Jly

(v

to),

conjunotion, union, relation, affiliation,


asBociation,
tactioal)

marry (v

s.o.);

to be ooupled, be inter-

linkage; (semantio or syn-

connected, be yoked together, be tied


together, be
interlinked,

coherence,

contezt;

evidence,

bound together; to become

indioation, indioium |*=y i-lJl (aayyida)


bis wife (formal style);

ripen, suppurate,

beoome conoatenate eome to a head

X
(of

to

J|^-^l Jlythe
the

oonoatenation

of

circumstanees,

furuncle)

indioia, factual evidenoe ;

oy

Ji

Cjy **

0y

qarn

pl.

jy

qurn

hom

(of

an

(tfamm) oombination

animal; as a wind inatrument);


tentacle,
(of

feeler,

Oyl
gether
viper

aqran* t

f.

Liy

qarnH %t homed,
to-

antenna; top, summit,


first visible

peak

homy; one with eyebrows grown


|

a mountain) ; the
rifiing
|

part of
(bot.)
;

Uy V" (hayya)

cerastes,

horned

the

Bun

capsule,

pod

Century
^ill

Oytll

/i

umtn

al-q.
rffi

rhinooeros;

ly qirn
tion;

close union, close conneo(astron.)


;

4-v

do.; i>Jy*" J*

l-qamain the

oonjunotion

marriage,

two-horaed (an epithet given to Alexander the Great);yJl


jrf*

wedding
<tjUL*

q.

aUbahr coral;

(aam'i) ear

trumpet (= Fr, eonut


jjjtt

muqrana
m.

pl.

-t

comparison

acotutique);

JJ\

(unuf)

the

oUUI

jjli.

al-lut

comparative

lin-

Middle Agea

guiatics

jy

qarni horny,

corneous, of hrn,

hornlike; leguminoua, pertaining to, or

o\J3\ iqtirn oonneotion, conjunction, union, association, afBliation; link, oon-

of the natuxe of, legumea;

centennial,

nectedneM t aimultaneous interaction ; conjunotion (astron.); new moon (as an


astronomical
aspeot) ;

oentenary
marriage,

wed-

5Jy qarniya oornea

(anat.)

ding

qirn

pl.

lyl

aqrn (matohed)

jjJumaqr&n oonnected, joined, linked,


oombined, united, asBOciated,
affiliated

Opponent in battle; an equal, a peer, a matoh; oompanion, mate,


ate; equal, like
fellow, assooi-

(^ with)

^j-rU-l

Ojyu m.

al-hjibain

having joined eyebrows

<!y qurna
lient angle,

pl.

quran, ijly qarni sa-

Ojli.

muqrin comparative (scienoe)

nook, corner

Unyy
united,
as-

qarnabit cauliflower

^y qarin pl.
joined,
sociated,
fellow,

y quran'* conneoted,
comhined,

linked,

Jijy qaranful oamation; clove

afflliated;

oompanion,

mate,

jj^*j

(Eg. spelling;

pronounced *aragt)

asBociate,

comrade ;

husband,

Karagt, ohief oharacter of the shadow


play;

spouse, oonsort; qarina (prep.) in con-

Punch

nection with, in conjunction with, upon,


at
|

^/

yl ^i- mwxqafi' al-q. matchless,

Jy#y

qaraqOl pl. -t police Station; guard


,

peerleaa, unrivaled, incomparable, unique,

(military police)

-Jij-iM

Jyy

ff-

aS-Saraf

Singular

guard of honor

7I

Jj

j V

to foUow up, inveatigate (*

B.th.), in-

iS^.j* qvraidia (syr.) shrimp (zool.)

quire (* into); to check, verify {* B.th.)

to foUow (a

s.th.}; to

pursue {*

B.th.,

qazza (Ist pera. perf. qazaztu)


deteat (j* or
(*
s.th.);

to loathe,

e.g.,

a problem);

to

ezamine,

study,

*, . s.o., s.th.) II

to vitrify

inveatigate (* s.th.); to explore (* s.th.)

to glaze (* s.th.)

to feel

disguat (j* or

j j <_~i*also

qarw pl.

qurw watering trough


oak (wood)

be nauaeated (j* or ^a by), loathe, deteat, abhor (j* or


at),

fcaSab q.

*
(philos.); see

s.o., s.th.),

have an aversion <j* or

*\jjo\ istiqr* induction

under ]
r5i 1 i&tiqr'i

inductive (philo*,)
silk

qazz

pl.

jjj

quzz

silk;

raw

(jl_

LUljy qaruwtiy Croatia

jlj qizz (eg.) glaaa

^j
tfji

qvruwtl Croatian

j\ qazzz
jlj qizza

ailk
pl.

merchant
-t,

iSjJ Bee tfj


qar

j\

qaz'iz 3 (eg.)

bottle (,j qiran) to receive hospitably,


( s.o.)

entertain

Till

=
;

*JjjI* lk

up alphabetically
loathing,
disgust,

,j qiran hospitable reception, entertainment (of a gueat) meal served to a


guest

jj

taqazzuz

de-

testation, abhorrence, aversion


lji (Turk. kazan)

qazn

pl. -dt kettle,

large

*l
ubjjjl

qarya

pl.

,j

quran

village;

boiler

hamlet; small town; rural Community;


al-qaryatn
|

rj II to embellish {* one's Speech)

Mecoa
^jJUl

and

Taif;

Meoca and Medina Mecca


,SjJi

A umm al-qur
oountry(in
f-j

r is
rainbow

qausu quzahin or qausu quzaha

qarawi

village-,

V-J quzahlya
goza'
(coli.
;

iria (anoi.)

Compounds),
(pl.

ruatic, rural;

peasant

(adj.)

n.

un.

jijji qarawfyn) villager, ruatic,

wind-driven,

countryman, inhabitant of the country;

tattered clouda, scud; tuft of hair


<*j (eg.) quz'a dwarf,
**j

from

Kairouan,

Kairouan
in

(adj.),

an

midget,

pygmy

inhabitant of Kairouan; a
al

member of
|

qazta tuft of hair


(eg.)

Qarawiya College

Fes (Morocco)
College in

CfJ.jj*

V mosque and
*ijjil\j
ijjIJl

Fes

qazqaza

to crack (* nuts, ahella)

(Morocco);
(baladiya)

jJJJl

Ijljj

Jji qazal limp(ing)

Ministry

of Munioipal

and

Rural Affairs (Eg.)


*j

f qazam pygmy;

pl.

^\\

aqzm dwarf, midget,

qarawiya countrywoman, peasant

Lilliputian; little fellow, shrimp,

woman
"o_ qariya pl. \*\

hop-o'-my-thumb, whipperanapper

qary yard (naut.)

Lily^j quzmgrfiyd coamography


jlji.j-.y

&u
A*

miqran very hospitable


miqr* very hospitable

qvzmgrfi cosmographic(al)

jlj look

up alphabetically
qazwin Caspian Sea

jli qrin villager

j^j

j*- bahr

762

^J

qassa u (qass) to seek, pursue (a


strive (a for), aspire (a to)

B.th.),

iJu

taqeit

payment

in installments

do.

iJL in installments, gradually


la-i

^J qct88
priest,

qias pl.

^j-J quaa, U~J qusus


clergyman, minister,
paator
(Chr.);

muqsif

acting

justly

or

with

presbyter,
vicar,
<J

fairness,

doing right;

just, fair

paraon,

curate,

qass (=
^Lj
jj-i-j

^i) sternum, breaatbone

jl-! qasfara to test the genuineness (a of


ooins)

qasss slanderer

qisAa

pl. -n,

<-jL qoswiaa,

LJ

^ILJI

qusfs,

qisfs

pl.

-d*\*->

qasfis*

guasrt, <-il aqissa, (Copt.-Chr.)

LJ qusstf
minister,
1

balance, Bcalea

priest,

presbyter,

clergyman,

paraon, vicar, curate, pastor (Chr.)


"L-j-i

JL-i qa&fal pl. J1Lj water main

jtwd^tf"

water pipe,

qussa

ministry,

priesthood,

presbyterate (Chr.)
*~*j~ **Uj risma qussiya Ordination
(of

JL-J

gafaZ (ep.) chestnut

tLJJI o

&icZ al-qasfila Castile,

Spain

a priest; Chr.)
i (qasr)

iJj^LiJI
--

al-qustanfiniya Const-antiople

jJi qasara

to force, compel, coeroe,

qasama
(a s.th.);

(qasm) to divido, part, split

(J* * s.o. to do s.th.); to conquer, subdue, subjugate (a, * s.o.,


constrain
s.th.)

to distribute, deal out, parcel


s.th. to,

VIII

out (Jp a
s.th.

among), divido (J* a


let
s.o.

among); to
give
(

(J) ehare

(j

jJi qasr force,

compulsion, coercion,
qasran
oompulsorily,

s.th.),

s.o.

(J) a share of s.th. (j),

constraint ;
forcibly,

I^J

allot

J to

b.o. B.th.);

to divide, sub-

by force; of neoessity, necea-

divido,

partition,

portion,

break

up

Barily, inevitably, perforoe

(J{ * s.th. into), arrange, classlfy (Jl a

jLil

iqtisr conqueat,

subdnal, aub-

s.th.

in);

to partition, to

compartment
s.o.

jugation
J_5
II

(* s.th.);

to assign, apportion, decree,


(a

destine, foreordain

J* or J to

to distribute {* s.th.); to pay in

s.th.; of

God

installments (a s.th.) IT to act justly,


in fairness, equitably
Jft-S

a number by
split (a

or of fate); to divide (J* * another) II to divide, part, to distribute, deal out,


(,>j

s.th.);

qisf

justice,

fairness,

equity,

parcel out, divide


divide,

* s.th. among); to
portion,

equitableness, fair-mindedness, rightness,


oorrectness; (for sg. and pl.) just, fair,

subdivide,
s.th.,

partition,

break up {*
(a
s.th.),

* or Jl into), section
classify (a
B.th.,

equi table, fair-minded, right, correct;


(pl. Jl_il

arrange,

aqsp) part; ehare, allotment;

or Jl in); to partition, to
(a
s.th.);

compartment

portion; installment; quantity, amount,

{Chr.)

to

oonseorate, ordain

measure, extent

JL_ii

J* by

install-

( s.o.);

to exorcise a devil or

demon

ments, gradually; j j-S .k_j J* u* to


possess s.th. (a quality, a eh&racteristic)

from
(a

s.o.,

by adjuration)
to
(l->

III

(J* to share

with

B.o. s.th.); s.o.

to bind o.s.
s.th.)

by oath

to a largo extent, have a great deal of .

(J*
jl

to

do

IV to take an

oath, swear
J_i qasaf stiffneBB of a Joint, ankyloeis

J* to do
!

s.th.)

by; J* J to b.o. s.th.; *Li VI J^ --*! (tfM


|

(med.)

fa'alah) to

ad jure or entreat
*+*-

b.o.

to do

*1

aqaaf 1 juster, fairer;

more correct

s.th.; *rlc

*j

?* (jakda aimnihim)

; , ;

763

they swore by they


JL-ile

all

that

is

rigbt

and holy,
oaths
to

<* L ~

qasima

pl. **Lj

qas'im* coupon;

swore
(

the

most

Bolemn

receipt
-

(muqaddaatihl)

swear

Sj

taqsim exorcism;

(pl. -i)

divid-

by

all

that's holy

to be divided, bo

ing, division, partition, parting, Bplitting,

parted, be Bplit; to be distributed, be

sectioning,

portioning; distribution,

al-

parceled out; to Bhare


divide

(,

* a possession),
( s.o.,

lotment,
division,
pl.

apportionment;
subdivision,

dealing

out;

among themselves

* s.th.);

partition(ment)

to Hcatter, disperse (* B.th,); to drive

->Uj taqsim* strueture, build, pro(e.g.,

away, dispel

(* s.th.) ; to beset grievously


(* s.o.)
|

portions
{mite.)

of the body) ;

solo

reoital

harass or torment jointly

-j,

*'>

Uj-j

\jjJ>

(tfarban)

they took turns in

dealing him painful blows, they gave

**~Ju taqsima
solo piece for

pl.

~-U; taqsim* short

him a

severe beating TI to divide or

an instrument (mtu.)
partnership, partio-

distribute

among themselves
( s.o.;

(*

s.th.);

ifli.

muqsama

to beset, harass, torment


worries,
eto.)

thoughtB,

ipation, sharing
lLJl

VII

to

be

divided,

be

inqism division, split, disruption,

parted, be split; to be distributed, be


dispersed, be separated; to be divided,

breakup; schism
-L_Ii!

be subdivided, be portioned, be broken

iqtism dividing, division, distri-

up

(Jl into) VIII to divide or distribute ( s.th.)

bution (among themselves)

among themselves

to Beek

an

qsim divider; distributor; divior,

oracle from the deity, oast lots

denominator (maih.)
j-j1*

-J qism
allotment ;

pl.

j-LJl

aqsm

part, Bhare,

maqsm dividend

(math.); rj-i*

portion ;

division,

compartclass;

-L diviaor (matk.)

ment; seotion; department; group,

~2* muqaa&tm

divider; distributor
sharer,

distriet, prectnct; police precinct, police

Station (Eg.); administrative subdivision

U.

muqsim

partner,

co-

of

a muhfafa

(Eg.) ;

subcommittee

partner, participant

kind, sort, specimen, species


*_j qisma dividing, division, distri-

qusanfind* Constantine (city hl


Algeria)
(_>-*)

NE

bution, allotment, apportionment ; (matk.)


division (Jp by); (pl. i qisam) part, portion, share, allotment; lot, destiny,
fate (foreordained

Li
be

qas

{lj~S qaswa,

jLi qastva)
mercilesB,
;

to

harsh,
(

stern,

cruel,
s.o.)

by God)
)

remorseless

Jp toward

to handle

roughly, treat harshly, severely, cruelly,

5 qaaam pl. pLil aqsm oath; qasaman I swear! u^i I swear by


j]c*i

e*i

...1

without mercy (J* b.o.) II to harden, indurate, render obdurate or impenitent


(

qa&amt, qasimt features,


(of the face)

lin-

the heart)

III

to

undergo,

suffer,
s.th.),

eaments
lLJ

endure, sustain, bear, stand (*

qaam and i-LJ qasma beauty,

bear up (* against

s.th.)

IV

II

elegance

j~* qasw hardness, harshness, grimness,


pl.

^J

qasim

^
|(-j!

qusam* 9

1^1

sternness, severity, rigor, austerity


lj~i qaswa hardness, harshness, grimness, sternnesB, severity, rigor, austerity;

aqaim* 1 sharer t partner, copartner, participant;

(pl.

aqsim' 3 )

part,

portion, Bhare, allotment; counterpart

eruelty, mercilessness, remorselessness

764

jLJ qtudtoa hardnesa, harshneaa, grimnees, sternness, severity, rigor, austerity;

off,

be husked, be Bhucked; to come off


Boale
off,

in acales,

flake off,

peel off

oruelty, mercilessnesa, remonelesanees

(skin; coating)

VH = T
jj* qu&r cover(ing),
shell;

^J qasiy
(SJ\

hard, solid, firm


harder,
oruel;

jii qiir
sterner,

pl.

in-

aqa

hrener,

tegument, envelope;
bark;
huak,
skin,

peel;
scurf;

rind,
hll,

severer;

more

more

difflcult

orust;
scales
pl.

acab;
(of

shuck;

fish);

slough

SLUu mvqah undergoing,

suffering,
(of

a snake);

jjii trash, garbage,


dandruff

enduring, sustaining, bearing, standing

refuse; trivialities, banalities; externals,


auperflcialities,
,j*tjJI

^M
grim,
oruel,

qdnn
stern,

pl.

iU

quatih hard, harsh,

formalitiee ;

severe,

auBtere,

rough

jii

ff.

ar-ra*a dandruff

inezorable,

relentleaa,

meroilese,

Ij
orust;

gifra peel, rind (e.g., of a fruit),

remorselees; diffioult
ahell (of
1

an egg, of a mit); bark; akin;


Bcurf;
hll,

iri qoaiy eee _>-i


lS

scab;

husk, ahuck;

soale; slough (of a snake)


*

i qusiy, qiAy
qa&fa. i

pl.

of

^j

qau

jli

qi&ri

acaly,

scurfy,
|

scabrouB,

Ji

u (qaM)

to collect, gather (up),

squamous; orustaceous
Psoriasis {med.);

;_/**"

KJ^'

pick up (*

a.th.); to pick (* a.th.); to

and there
II to

up from here become dry, dry

O ~*ij^ oUljJ-l (haya*


shelling;

wandt) orustaceans

up, shrivel up, wither (esp., of a plant)

jJJ iaqr peeling, paring,


derinding,

take of this and that


qa&& straw
|

barking;

skuining;

scaling;

Ji
^UUl

-b-J-l

Ji

steel

wool;

shaving
ing

off,

soraping off; husking, ahuck-

^ humm

l-q.

hay fever
|

lli qaiia (n. un.) a straw

<yUu

uii

qaSafa

(qait)

to take off, strip

(off),

matoh, matohstick; *1 Ju*


kins

(eg.)

gher-

remove (j*

* a.th. from);
off,

to skim (*
off,

oream); to Boratoh

scrape

abrade

^ qai sweepings, rubbish, garbage,


trash, refuse; offal, waste, scrap

(* s.th.) II to take off ( a.th.); to Btrip

off (* a.th.) ; to rob (*,

s.o., a.th.),

plunder,

strip of hia belonginga ( s.o.)

2Ju miqa&Sa
^-1* qifb, qaJhb pl.

(eg.)

broom, beeom
Li* {eg.) qiita, (syr.) qaSfa oream;
{eg.)
bot.),

<->\2j\

aqSb poison

aweetsop (Annona squamoea L.;


oustard apple

<_^ qaMb
polished,

pl. u-1

qv&ub new; olean;

bumisbed
off (* the

iL

qiSf

(leather)

strap,

thong

Ol# qaiada

u (qaU) to skim, take

whiplash; drive belt, transmission belt

cream)
:JJL

^Lii quif

(eg.)

pl.

-t

jetton, ohip,

j* oream

oounter ;

piece,

man

(oheokera,

baok-

gammon)

fofera

u (90*)

to peel, pare, shell,


off,

derind, bark, akin, soale, shave

huak,

O -^* miqSat pl. ,L5Lu maqfy* eraser,


erasing knife

ahuok

(* s.th.)

U =

I;

to be peeled,

be pared, be ahelled, be derinded, be


barked, be skinned, be acaled, be shaved

SLs.

miqSafa

pl.

.Uili.

maqtif

milling maohine, milier

766

qaSa'a a (qaS') to scatter, disperse, drive

Li* (Turk.

Infla) qaSla pl.

Jii

qiSal (mil-

away, chaae away


(* B.th.)

(, s.o., a.th.), dispel

itary) barraeks (ayr.)\ hospital (eg.)

IV to

soatter, disperse, drive

away, chaae away


(crowd),

j^i* (Turk.
(*, s.o., a.th.), dispel

ktflak)

qvMdq

pl. -dt

(mitary)

{* s.th.); to soatter, disperse,


Lift

break up

barracks
ji*i

dissolve (olouda, darknesa)

qiam

variety

of

currants

(=

V and

VII to be scattered, be dispersed,

seedleas raisins)
jLili look

be driven
scatter,
lift,

away, be chaaed away; to


break

disperse,

up

(crowd),

up alphabetically
u
(qafi)

dissolve (clouds, darkness)

j*

qofi#a

to out, cut

off,

clip (*

(j*) IV j^iil iqSaarra to shudder, shiver,


tremble, quake, shake, have goose flesh
(with cold, with fright) J j^U- <u j*tSJ .^1
I

B.th.);

to shear, shear off (* s.th.); to

trim, curtail, dook, crop, top (*s.th.);

(q<W, to

jja^J qofiaf): J\
s.o.'s

(ajarah)

(jtoj VI or) Sai'un taqSa'irru

minhu l-jul*
a horrible,

follow

tracks,
relate,

track s.o.;
narrate,
off,

du a bloodcurdling
ghastly thing

tbing,

((S^oi
(*

qafaf)

to

teil
off,

J* to

s.o. s.th.) II

to cut

shear

clip,

curtail,
III

dock, trim,
retaliate
(

orop, Iop

(*

jjf^j

quia'rira

shudder,

tremor,

s.th.)

to

upon

s.o.),

trembling, shakes; shiver(ing); ague


pJJ qai'am
pl.

return like for like


o.b.,

to s.o.); to avenge
(

^L

qa'im* lion

**i*

revenge
;

o.b.,

*i

take vengeanoe
castigate,

on
(

umm
Jkii

q.

hyena; oaiamity, disaster


(qaSaf)

s.o.)

to

punish,

ohastiae
(

s.o.);

(com,) to settle aecounts

with
s.o.)

qa&fa a

qaifa) to live in squalor


;

and qaSufa u (Ulli and misery; to


become rough and

s.o.);

to be quits, be even
,;

with

V tj\ u

(afarah) to follow b.o.'s

have a dirty skin to pay no attention to


cleanlinesB II (eg.) to

tracks, track s.o.

VIII

V; to

teil ao-

curately, relate ezaotly (* s.th.); to retaliate (j+

cbapped, to chap (hands)


lead an aacetio
life,

I;

to

upon

b.o.),

return like for like


o.s.,

mortify the bodily

(,> to s.o.); to avenge o.s. t revenge

appetites ;

(eg.)

to

become rough and

take vengeance (,> on

s.o.);

to punish,

chapped, to chap (kin)

castigate, chastise (,> s.o.)

ii qfa
bread)
>_>. 1

(eg.) pl.

_ii* qtfaf

omst

(of

,j*j

qasp

clippings,

cuttings,

chips,

snips, shreds, Bcraps ; sternum, breastbone

taqaihif asceticism, mortification

*- gutta

pl.

u+^

qufat,

^LJ

giffi

of the flesh; simple, primitive


life

way

of

forelock; lock of hair

l^i
mutaqaSSif
ascetio(al):
(eg.) (pl. Ij

qiffia

manner of cutting ; cut ;


narrative, tale, story
|

jAtJc*

^^i qifiap)
is

<*
the
. .

roughened, chapped (hands);


mutaqaSiifa the asoecs

iHI

al-

jl *^i\ l-U the

matter

is

so that

...,

thing

best described

by aaying that

li qaSqaia
s.th.)

,_,*-*

to eure

(,>. s.o.

of Scabies, of

qafa? clippings, outtings, chips,

smallpox); to sweep out, aweep

away

snips, Bhreds; narrative, tale, story


iS^~i qifafi, qafiafii

narrative, epic(al)
fiotion,

(pl.
-ii

j *.*i) storyteller, writer of

qaHla

(qaial) (eg.) to

be poor, pennileat

noveliat,

romancer

-= _^J|

(>)

without means

epic poetry

4_^L*S qu?d$a (coli.

^U-J

fu^^ and

i_^j qasaba (n. un.)

pl. -<

cane, reed;

<mbL*J qufpa) pl. -i cutting, chip, snip,

pipe, tube; pipestem, pipe tube; writing

ehred; scrap (of paper); sLip (of paper);

pen; wind pipe, trachea; shaft (of a well);

(newapaper) clipping

a wind Instrument resembling the reed


pipe; kassabah, a linear measure (Eg.

^LJ
tracks;

qaepp shearer ; tracker, tracer of


writer

=
|

of fiction,

novelist,

ro-

3.55 m); oitadel; capitol city, metropolia


*SJ\

mancer
<mbj-*1

*~^#

q.

ar-ri'a

windpipe, trachea;

'tiyll *-*# q-

al-marV gullet, sophagus

uq$$a

pl. ^^-^IjI

a^^ 1 narra*jU-j qifba butcher's trade, butchery i->^ ft^ai&a (tun.) oats
t-U-J qasab butcher, Blaughterer; {eg.)

tive, tale, novella, novel; hort story

umju miqaf
scisaors,

pl.

^11 maqw*
(syr.)
|

(pair of)

(pair of) shears;

Springs
^j+Ju

(of

an automobile, of a coach) m.
earwig
;

y\

land Burveyor
i>U-j

ab

akimmer,

scissorbill

qu&dba

(reed) pipe

(Rhynchops;

zool.)
i_ji'-

muqafpab embroidered with gold


thread,

^La

qipp requital, reprisal, retalia-

and

silver

brocaded,

trimmed

tion; punishment, castigation, chastise-

with brocade
r-U-i look

ment; accounting, Clearing, settlement


of accounts
<*\Ju
muqffta

up alphabetically
i

accounting,

Clearing,

-i

**

qa$ada

(qapd) to

go or proceed straights.o.,

settlement of accounts; balancing, ad-

away

(Jl

or

*,

to

to

B.th.),

make
s.o.
(Jl,

justment, Betoff; compensation (com.)


^rUil
(fin.)
~*ijL

a beeline

(Jl or *,
*,

for),

walk up to
to betake

gurfat al-m.

Clearing

house

or B.th. (Jl or
s.o.), call
(Jl,

.);

to go to see

on

s.o.);

o.e.,
s.o.),

^j^Jl. maqff
(eg.)

pl.

^^-^Li. magai 1

repair, go (Jl, * to a place; Jl,

to

lovelock, earlock

be headed, be bound
to seek, pursue
(Jl,

(Jl, * for

a place);

* a.th.), Btrive (Jl, *

A^j^jtj,

maqppa Bkhnming

ladle,

akim-

for), aapire

(Jl,

to), intend,

have in
to have

mer
r-U-i qu$j pl. -t pliers, pincers, nippers

mind

(Jl,

* B.th.;

^
(Jl,

or

<-

* a.th. with

a.th. eise); to

aim

* at

B.th.);

in view, contemplate, consider, purpose


l.

,<-

qa#aba

(qapb) to out up, carve


II

up

(*

(* s.th.); to

mean, try to say

(*

._

or j*

a laughtered animal)
hair); to brocade,

to curl (* the

by
(j

B.th. s.th.); to in,

adopt a middle course


save

embroider with gold


a.th.)

at);

to be economical, frugal,
|

and
L

Bilver
L

thiead (*

thrifty, provident; to eoonomize,

^f

qafab

(coli.)

cane(),

reed(s)

juJ JL*i (qasdah) to walk up to s.o., go

sugar cane; Btalks

(of cereal

grasses);

toward

b.o.; to follow,
(

imitate

s.o.

IT to
s.o.)

gold and eilver thread, gold and sver

induce to go

Jl to s.o., to

a place;
to

embroidery ;

brocade

<_->-UI

_~^j

g.

to compose kasidas

be broken, with
s.o.),

a$-4ahab gold brocade;

^Jl
<_

*_-** q.

as-

break;

(eg.)
(

to be angry
at s.o.)

eukkar sugar cane;

^-U^ll

-Ji
1

(Atnd()

be

mad

VII to be broken,

bamboo;

(iJUJIj) Jj-Jl

v~^ J^"

oAroza

qaaba s-sabq (wa-l-jalb) to come through

break Till to adopt a middle course (j in, at; ,>j between); to assume a mediatory position
(j-j

with flying colors, oarry the day, Boore


a great success

between), aot as me-

diator; to be economical, frugal, thrifty,

767

provident, economize (J with); to save


{*

(jjL^jl

iqti$d\

economical;

saving,

money,
-U-ai

etc.); to

compose kaeidas
aspiratkra,
Inres-

thrifty, provident;

economic; economist,

qa$d

endeavor,
deaign,

poUtical economist;

oLaL-^yi

the econ-

tention,

intent;

purpose,

omy
-L^-U

olution; object, goal, aim, end; frugality;


thrift,

q$id

direct,

atraight

(way);
|

economy

1-L**

qapdan, -U*i
advisedly,

je-

eaey, smooth, pleasant, short (of travel)

intentionally,

purpose;

deliberately;

intentionally,

on ji je. un^1 -,inadvertently;


->

purpoaely,

Jj-j

x^.L (rasli) (pl.

aL

quppd) apos-

*r

tolic delegate

.1

husn
al-q.

al-q.

good intention;
intention
is

i_J^j L-J qifda rasliya papal


legation

.UaiJI
ji>

,^. a'

evil

i]-L*i

(qa$daka,

qapduka) he

in front of you,

before

ij-^i.

maqpd aimed

at,

intended

you, opposite you


i-Ui qapdi intentional;

intentional, designed, deliberate;

meant

intended
of, before,

_r

-U-J qapdir tin

iLJ

qu$d (prep.) in front


(eg.)

opposite

1 _/

-J qa#ura u
to

(qipar,

qapr,

IjLJ

qafra)

u^j

qapid aspired, deeired, aimed at,


faultlesa,

be or become Bhort, too short, or ahorter; to be insufficient, be inadequate;

intended;

without defecte (of


|

qa#ara u (jj-*> qufr) to miss,


e.g.,

fail fall

a poem); also

J-U^J

-Lv*iJl

bait

to reach (je B.th.,

a target),

al-q. (the essential, prineipal

verse of the

Bhort (je of); to be incapable (je

of),

kasida,

i.e.)

the main point, the prineipal

be unable (je to do

a.th.), fail

to reach,

part, the essence, the core, the gist, the


best, the hit, the elimax of s.th., that

attain, aecomplish, or achieve (je B.th.);

not to be equal

(je-

to H.th.), not to he

which Stands out from the


thing

rest, the right

up to
s.th.

s.th. (je),
(je-);

be unable to cope with


deaiat,

to

cease,

refrain,

X-ji qapida pl. ^JL qapaid2 kasida,

abstain (je from);


to

qapara

(qafr)

an ancient rabic poem having, as a


a rigid tripartite atrueture
A-^JJl
|

make

short or shorter, shorten, cut


abridge,

rule,

xr*Jd\ c_j

ehort,

curtail,

c-w, see under

(* s.th.);

qa$ara u
to lock

reduce,

lessen

(qafir)

to hold back,
a.th.);
(*,

, ji?

reatrain, check, curb {*,

s.o.,

to

UoJI aqfiad 2 directer, directest

keep under supervision or oontrol


s.o., s.th.);

ui.

maqfrid pl. J~li. maqid2 (place

up

(*,

a.o.,

s.th.);

of) destination; intention, intent; deeign,

to limit, restrict, confine (Jp *,


s.th. to);

purpose, resolution; object,

qa$ara u

s.o.,

goal,

aim,
to
fll,

(qa#r, jLai qi$ra)


a.th.)

end; sense,
aigrficance

meaning, Import, purport,


|

whiten, bleach, blanch (*

-u#il

^- myyi'

II

to

make

al-m.
short,

ahort or shorter, shorten, cut

malevolent, malicious
jU*ijI

curtail,

abridge,

reduce,

lessen
s.th.,

(* s.th.); to miss, fail to

reach (je

iqtid

saving, economization,
thriftinesa,
|

e.g.,

target), fall ahort (je of); to

be

retrenchment;
idence;
(j-L-JI

thrift,

prov-

incapable (je of), be unable (je to do


a.th.)
;

economy
jU*ijVI

jL*yi

J* 'ilmal-iqt.,

to

fail

to

aecomplish, achieve,

(1*)

(siysi)

economics,

reach, or attain (je B.th.); not to be equal

political

economy; cJJ\ j

IjL*jJI iqtifi'

(je to s.th.), not to be

up to

s.th. (je),

dan

f%

l-waqt in Order to save time

be unable to cope with

s.th. (je); to

be

768

inadequate, insuffloient, inferior; to be


remisa

jL*S qafdr, qufr:

lj J**J l iJjL**

(j

in,

at,

in

some work), be
behind
to
in),

!i> J**; jl iiljUai (aee

^jLJ)

derelict (j to), fall behind, lag

jL*i qaffr
jj-*>

fuller,

bleaoher
inability;

(j

in);

to

be

negligent,

careless;

be

lax,
(

negligent,

negleotful

qu?r

inoapability,

(j

neglect

s.th.); to desist, cease, refrain,

inauffioiency,

inadequaoy

deficienoy

abstain

(je-

from)

-r*i

jl

he spared no
.

ahortcoming, lack; reduction, diminution,


decreaae;
slackness,
laxity,

paina or expense in or with

.,

he

negligenoe,

leffc

nothing undone to...


to...

he did not
or

fail

negleotfulnesa ; indolence, inertnesa, lazineas; legal minority, nonage


lJI
|

IV to
cut

make
Bhort,

short

shorter,

jj^i
of,

ahorten,

curtail,

abridge,

powerlessnoss,

impotenoe,

helpleaaness,
(je.

reduce, lessen <* s.th.). to deaist, cease,


refrain, abstain (je from)

weaknesa, inoapability, inability


to do B.th.)

VI to contract,

shrink, dwindle,

become smaller; to be

s^i

qair pl. jL*i qifr short; amall,


|

incapable (je of); to desist, cease (je


from); to refrain, abstain (je from) VIII to
limit
o.a.
,

ahort (of Btature), low

J-Vl

j^i

q-

al-ajai short-term(ed), short-dated, ahort-

restrict

o.a.

confine

o.a.

Uved;
losa,

F-Ul

>J powerlesa, impotent, helpincapable,


>l

be limited, reatrioted, or confined (J* to); to content o.a., be content (J


with)

weak,

unable;
j**i
q.

parsi-

monious, niggardly;
do.

al-yad

to find short, regard as deficient

or inadequate (* a.th.)
_** qapr shortness.brevity; smallness;

jL*S
bleaoher

qif&ra

trade

of the fuller

or

inoapability, inability; inaufflciency, in*

^jLJ
s.o.'s

qu$r the utmost, the limit (o)


|

adequacy; laxity, slacknesB, negligence,


neglectfulness ; indolenoe, inertnesa, laziness;

shortening,

curtailment,

abridg-

power) U* J**; ul iiljL* (quf&rkai the moat you can accomplish is to do this; you must limit yourself to doing
thia;ljU*iJiori4A.I

ment, reduction, diminution; limitation, confinement (J* to); the restriotion,

jjL^Ji
for),

(q.l-jahd)

to exert every conceivable effort (J to,


in

utmost that
Ij*

ia

in

a.o.'s

power,

e.g.,

order to; ^> on,

go to great

\J

ii_r*

(sopfk*) the most

lengths, go out of one's way,


best,

do

one'a

you oan hope to aooomplish is to do thia; you must limit younelf to doing
thia
__** qapr pl. jj**>

do

all

in

one's power, leave

no
in

atone unturned (J t, in order to) ; ,jjL*i


j*y\
q.

l-amr,

Jjill

j^L-i

q.

l-qavl

gufr Castle; palace;


q.

ahort, in brief, to

make a long

story short

palais

*JjJ\

j~*i

ai-'adl\ya (Mor.)

js\

aqtar* shorter
in

palace of justice, courthouse


l>_s*

jj&}\ al-aqtur Luxor (town


pot;

Upper

qafrtya

pl.

jL-I qafrin

Egypt)
j^mJu
taqftr

flowerpot; ohamber pot


shortening,

curtailment
lim'

_** qipar Bhortnesa, brevity ; smallness


_^iJl

abridgment, reduction, diminution,


itation ,
restriction ,

j-

q.

an-nafar

nearsightednesa,

confinement

in

ahortsightednesa

capability ,

incapaoity ,

inability ;

in

^i

qafar Blackneaa, laxity, negligenoe,

suffloiency, inadequaoy, inferiority;


leot, dereliction
(

neg

negleotfulness ; indolenoe, inertnesa, lazi-

j of

),

remiBsness

j in)

slacknesa,

laxity,

negligenoe,

negleot-

769

r"
u*i qapafa
i

fulneBs; defect, fault, failing, deficiency,

(qa?f)

to

break,

shatter,

shortcoming
s*\j qir incapable (jt of), unable to do s.th.) limited, reatricted,
;

smash
hard,

{* s.th.); to beset, harass, press

oppress
s.o.);

s.o.),

bear

down

upon

to

bomb

{* s.th.);

to thunder,

((^>

confined

Jp

to) ;

reaerved
(pl.

Jp

for)

roar (esp., of cannon); to

roll,

rumble,
(<l<wf,

intransitive (gram.);
legally minor,
kJi^UI

-n, j*qu$9ar)
|

grumble, peal (of thunder);

under age; a legal minor


(of a

C>j~*i qu$f) to feast, revel, carouse; to

*s*M q. af-farf

woman)

chaete-

lead

life

of opulence;

frail,

qa$%fa

eyed, chaste, demure, modeat; oJl


q.

-^U

(qapaf)

to break; to be

delicate,

al-yad powerless, impotent, helpless,

brittle, fragile

Y and

VII to be broken,

weak, inoapable, unable; parsimoniouR,


niggardly
jj-^i* maqpr
stricted, limited
|

break, snap
.Ju*

qa$f

thunder,

roar

(e.g.,

of

confined (J* to); reJi^LJI jj^mJu

cannon); revelry, carousal


iJa-^i

m.

af-parf

qapif

frail,

delioate,

brittle,

(woman) cbaete-eyed,
modest; Ijj^X
be shortened,
(e-g- t/j

chaste,

demure,

fragile;
iJi~*aJi

broken
qapif
frail,

<JJI (alif)

the alif that can


delicate,
brittle,

i.e., final
I,

^, pronounced -

fragile;

broken

ram) and

without following
C>j~*j qufif revelry, carousal

bamza

(gram.)

jj^mJu

maqpra

pl. -t,

j~\X* maqfir*

iJuaI. maq$af pl. (Ju*l maqpif 2 re-

palace;

cabinet,
stall in

closet;

compartment

freshment room; post exchange, canteen;


casino; bar; buffefc, refreshment counter

box or

a mosque near the mihrab,

reeerved for the ruler; (theater, cinema)

qa#qa?a to break, shatter (* s.th.);


(eg.)

box, lge; the detached portion of a

to snip off the ends (* of

s.th.), clip,

mosque
prayer,

set

aeide

for

the

communal
(prisoner's)

trim, crop (* s.th.)

and frequently enclosing the


saint;

tomb of the patron


dock; chapel
(in

J^J

qapala

i (qa$l)

to cut

off,

mow

(off) (*

a church)

s.th.)

VIII to cut off (*

s.th.)

s*ju muqa$$ir alack, negligent, neglectful


j-^rS..

J_di qapal chaff, husks, shucks,


(of grain); (n. un. ) stalks

awns

muqtapir limited, restricted, con-

JUJ
pointed

qappl

sharp,

outting,

sharp-

fined (J* to)

terse, succinct,
B
_

j^u muqtapar short, summary

brief,

oonoise,

J_-oi qafil (eg,) winter barley

J-*i

miq#al

sharp,

outting,

sharp-

r*J

look up alphabeticaUy

pointed

*-^j qapa'a
j

(qa')

to drink in avid gulps,

O 4l~**
guillotine

miqeala

pl. -t, J-^liu

maqpil 2

gulp down, pour down, tose

down

(*

water) ; to slake, quenoh ( * the thirat) ; to


grind, crush, bruise, squaeh, maeh (* (s.th.)

J-^lj qil sharp, outting

qapama
B.th.)
|

(qapm) to break, shatter (*


*** (zkrak) (to break s.o.'s
s.o.

U-i qap'a
qi$' Jarge

pl. qapa'at,

*-* qia',

?L*

j^i

bowl (made of wood or cop-

back =) to be a mortal blow to

per);

(ir.)

kettle

to be broken, break, snap VII

r*
-***

770

ga^tm easily broken,

brittle, fragile

{iarq) the

Far East; ^-TiM


west
the utmost
cS

^>H

imagrib)
SjUJI

(the

extreme

=) Morocco;
degree
of,

~*S
fragile

qafim

easily

broken,

brittle,

jj-aJ1

the

maximum of; ^jVl


qfim
pl.

^Ul aqpi l-ard the

~*\i

~*\y jau>0tm 8 breaking +*\y ^.r*

remotest parts of the earth, the ende


of the world jj-ijl jjy-iJl J^p (farra) in
;

_^yi

qpimat az-zahr mortal blow,


(^*

cataetrophe, disaster;
ra&d/)

case of dire necessity,

when worst comes

mortal blows, crushing blows


*i) L*i qas

to worst;

-U-

^mi\ Jl il aqfi haddin to the

extreme
{

limit, to

the utmost; as far as


lJ.il

^-u and

iS

u ( y*i qapw, qufw,


a (L**
t

possible; eL*il Jl *L*j1 j* or Jl

L*J qa$a)

and

qasiya iS*J

^i
L*Jl

^
the

(adnhu)

from

one

end

to

ga^an) to be far away, be far removed,

other, throughout,

everything

without

be at a great distance (jp from), be


romote,
distant
;

exception
jHtSj

to go

far

away (^
taqa$$in

from) IV to take far away, send far

thorough examination,

away
(j*

(jp
s.o.

*,

s.o., a.th.

from); toremove

close study,

minute investigation
thorough examination,
in-

from); to drive

away

(jp

a.o.

istiqpa

from); to drag to dismiss

away

(jp

b.o.

from);

close

study,

minute investigation;

(* s.o., jJ-'I

jp from aj ob); to
{*

quiry (jp about)

reach the utmost limit

of

s.th.)
|

j^J\ v**d ^ * !/??*At l-ba?am out of sight, not within view, invisible V to go
far

^U qfin
(lit.
:

pl.

ijj^U q$n, L*j!


|

aqfi'
t_

distant, remote, far (away)

JIjJIj

^LJl

away

(jp from); to penetrate deeply,

the distant one and the near one


all

=
j

inquire (* into a problem, and the like),

everybody,

people;

SJIjJIj

i-^lill

examine, study, investigate

(* s.th.),

go
I

near and far


ij

to the root (* of s.th.); to follow out,


follow to a conclusion
(* s.th.);
s.th.)

to ex-

_f

qadda u (qadd) to pierce, bore, perforate


{*
s.th.);

to break into pieces,

crush,

amine,

feel out,

palpate (*

to

bray, bruise, pulverize (* B.th.); to tear

penetrate deeply, inquire (* into a problem, and the


like),

down,

demolish

(*

wall)

to

pull

examine, study,

in-

out, tear out (* a peg or stake);

vestigate (* s.th.),
s.th.)
;

go to the root

{* of
(

(j-i* qada4) to be rough, crude, hard

to inquire,

make

inquiries

jt

(bed) IV to be rough, crude, hard (bed)

about)
Lj

to

makc
(J-

rough, crude or hard (* the bed)


i#l

qagan

and L*j qaa

distance,

<m^i

(ma$jaah) or

.iil 4_1* iJiS\

remoteness
lS

to rob s.o.'s sleep VII to

swoop down,

pounce down, dive down, descend; to


qapty pl. U**l aq$a
far (away),

distant, remote
*\ aqp,
f.

strike (J* s.th.; of lightning); to pounce,


fall,

rush, hurl o.s.

J* upon), storm, rush

tS

tjj-j

qusw,

pl.

^1*1 aq$in
(away);
ut-

more
most
most,

distant, remoter, farther

charge, attack, assail (J* (Jp against), s.o.); to be broken, cracked, threaten to
collapse; to
-ij
fall,

distant,

remotest,

farthest;

tumble
pebbles;
gravel
|

extreme,
the

ultimate;

maximal,
qad4
f*^
(coli.)

U-

maximum;
*j$
I

farthermost part;
|

the

utmost, extreme, extremity; end


{S

-t*-

j'a
all

l-qaumu

qaddukum

LI

(maijid)

name
in

of a

mosque on the
iS**W

(qaddakum)

the people
;

came

Temple Square

Jerusalem;

3^

<J qidda pebbles gravel

771

ii

qa4^4 pebbles; gravel


or) *i-*. Jii m

*jiJI

L.

-^j qa^ima a
(a s.tb.,
s.th.)

and qa$ama

(qatfm) to

gnaw

lj

(qaum)

all

tbe people

on

s.th.); to nibble {* s.tb., at

^Ui

inqi44

swooping

down,

oUi

(pronounced

q$jne;

syr.)

pouncing down, dive, downrush; onrush,


onalaught, storm, asaault

roasted and aalted chick-peas; aasorted


nuts, peanuts, pistachios, etc.; birdseed
ir*UJl cLjl_jJ-l

I^LJ^I
mad.')
(mtl.);

*ix.
self-

midfa'

al-inq.

(pl.

\
gun

propelled

asaault

ij%

al-hayawnt al-q$ima

^Lj^l
*-*Jc*

dive bomber
y
LI

the rodenta

f'ira

munqaifa

dive

^ii qa4
finiah,

(Lii qa4') to settle (*a.th.); to

bomber
w-ii qa4aha
i (qatfb)

terminate,
up,

conclude, end, close,

to cut off (* a.th.); to

wind

complete,

consummate,

ac-

lop, prune,

trim (* treea) II

I; VIII

= I;

complish, achieve (* s.th.); to carry out,


execute,

to abridge (* s.th.), give a Condensed


extract,

perform,

effectuate

(*

a.th.);

make a
(*

digest (* of s.tb.); to
B.th.),

to

fullfill (*

a requeat), comply ( with);

extemporize, improvise (*

quote
like),

to do, perform (* one's duty); to gratify


(* a wiah),

extempore

verses,

and

the

provide (* for a need), aatiafy,

deb'ver offhand (* a speech)


t-.-dii

meet, anawcr, discharge (* a demand, a


claim);
to pay,
settle
(*

debt);
L-l

to
^i);

q<u edible herba


L-ij

spend, paas (* time); todie

(=
(of

iS

ti- qa4ib pl.

qwjbn cut-off
staff,

to

fix,

appoint, determine, decree, decide,


s.th.,

branch, twig, switch; stick, rod,

rule

(^

q\*

that);

God) to

wand; bar
guide, guide

{of

a grate); male organ of


rail (railroad);

foreordain, predestine; to judge, act aa

gener ation, penis, pballus;


rail,

judge, deoide judicially


litigants);

((>>

between two

guideway

(teckn.)
ia

to paas or pronounce judg-

liLii qudba that whicb

lopped or

ment

(J in favor of s.o.;

J* against
(i_j

s.o.);

out off; lops, pruninga, trimminga (of


trees)
>_.

to sentence,

condemn
(i_j

As-

a.o.

to),

-fl. miqtfab pruning

hook; pruning

J* upon s.o. a penalty); to impose or enjoin as a duty (^ J* upon


inflict

impose,

s.o.

s.th.); to

make neceaaary
(ij),
;

or

req-

aheara, pruning knife


_jL*I
iqtigb

uisite

(^ Jp
to do

for s.o. s.th.), require a.o.

abridgment;

digeat

(J*) to do s.th.
s.o.
_j

compel, force (J*

extraot; conciseneas, teraeneas, brevity;

B.th.)

to

demand,

require,

improvisation
^.~m z Ja

necessitate
brief, concise,
off-

(^

s.th.),

call for s.th.

(^);
exin

muqtadab short,

to root out, extirpate,

annihilate,

terse; improvised,

extemporaneoua,

terminate (J*
<J*
s.o.),

s.o.,

a.th.); to kill,

do

band, unprepared; ,_iiiil


poetic meter; pl. itema,

name
hort

of a

oLi.

a.th.),

newa
foil,

do away (J* with s.o., with put an end ( J* to a.tb.); to thwart,


(J* s.th.)
j

newa

fruatrate

in brief (journ.)

<L-I

lah) to paaa away, die; ,y

^^\

(aja*
iS

fii qtuf

gripea, colio

{'ajaba) to be fll of

amazement

at,

be

9-Li* qy4' gripea, oolic

very astonished at; *- ^^ii (nahbah)


to
fulfill

one'a

vow; to pasa away,

die;

J* J qo4ufa
<

to be or

become

elender, alim,

thin,

narrow

*J*j {Sii (wafarah) to attain one'a or end, see one's wish fulfilled; j-^l

aim
lS

li

; ;

772

qudiya l-amru the matter

is

deoided and

law,

judiciary,

jurisprudence,

justice;

done with, the die ia caat; _^l lS*i qudiya amruh and *JU ^ii qudiya 'alaihi
it's all

law; Jurisdiction; office of judge, judge*


ship, judicature; judging, rendering of

over with him, he'a a goner

II

to

judgment; sentenoing, condemnation (Je


of
e.o.)
;

carry out, exeoute, perform, efFectuate


(a s.th.) III to

extermination,
s.o.,

annihilation,
B.th.), killing

summon

before a judge,

extirpation (Je of
(

of

bring before a court of justice, arraign


(

J* of s.o.), thwarting, J* of
a.th.)
;

foiling frustration

s.o.);

to proseoute, aue
(

(* s.o.)*

take

(pl. iil

aqdiya) diatrict,

legal aotion, bring suit

againat s.o.);

province (8yr.,Ir., Leb., Saudi Ar., Ytm*


en)
|

to

demand

(<~>

from
from

s.o.

payment of

4>l

L death; ^j-j^

LII

(Sar

l)

B.th.), call in

(v

b.o. e.th.)

to be by,

Jurisdiction based

on the Sharia; canonical

finished,

oompleted;
expire,

to

pass,

go

law, Sharia law; LII


tribunaljtf jbVl LJI

jU

court of justice,

elapse,
litigate,

run out

(Urne)

VI to

i* makkamat ai-q.

carry on a lawauit; to
*
,>.

demand
payment
a.th.

ai-idri administrative court; j-Hj LII

{* s.th.;

or

from

b.o.

(wa-l-qadar) fate
j-ll^ (or jjO*j

and divine decree; tLILi


toa-qadaran)

of s.th.; from b.o. s.th.), call in {* e.th.,

>L qad'an

^
j

or

from

s.o.),

claim (* Je for
(*

fate

and divine decree; Lull


will

by

(qxu^iya)

remuneration), lay olaim


to get, receive (*

B.th.

to e.th.);

the divine decree was fulfiUed,

i.e.,

death

from
esp.

s.o. B.th., also

came with God's


jLii
rensio,

from,
VII to
done,

money owed,
be

qad'i judicial,
legal,

judicatory;

fo-

emolument)
finished,

be oompleted, be be terminated,

judiciary,
|

pertaining
pl.

to

be

courts of justice

jL ^jL-

^j-

concluded,

come

to an end, cease, stop;

j-jL** (hurrs) legally appointed trustee

to pass, go by, elapse, ezpire, run out


(time); to

or administrator, receiver in bankruptoy,


liquidator, sequestrator

have expired, have elapsed,


from
s.o. s.th.);

be over, be past (time) VIII to demand,


claim, exaot, require {*
*

_LJl

*jj~i*

qadawiyat a^-fulh Juris-

to

make

neoeasary,
(*

make
s.th.)

requiaite,

diction of a justice of the peace

neceaaitate, require

X
(*

to de*

i~*i qadlya pl. \AJ qady lawsuit;


litigatton,

mand, claim, ezact, require


s.o. B.th.)

from

judicial

conteat;

action

at

law, suit; (legal) oase, cause, legal affair;


(ju-

iS

qadan judgment, aentence,

matter, affair; question, problem, issue;

dicial) deciaion, (court) ruling

theorem, propoaition (molk.)

.Li* qada

settling, nishing, ending,

;LiU- muqdh
L!

trial,

hearing

cloaing, termination, oonclusion,

windup,
oarrying

inqida passing, elapsing, bermiexpiry,


expiration,

completion,

aooomplishment

nation,

end (of

out, exeoution, performanoe, effectuation


fulfillment, satisfaction, gratifioation (of

period of time); extinction (of an Obligation)


Liiil iqtif* neoeseity, need,

a wish, of a

deaire);

proviaion (for a

exigenoy,

need); compliance (with a request); pay-

requirement
if

LiVl

-u* in case

of need,

ment, settlement, diacharge (of a debt)


passing, Bpending (of a period of time);

need be, when necessary

divine decree, deatiny, fate; judgment,


aentence, (judicial) deciaion, (court) ruling,

^l*

qdin decisive, conclusive; deadly,

lethal; (pl. ILiS qudh) judge, magistrate,


justice, cadi; pl.

ordinance;

administration

of the

^\y

qavdin require-

773

>
JJ
jojaio
t

ments,

eiigencie
|

^U ^
i_^
orushing

(mm)
de-

deadly poison; S-Jli


cisive

[darba)

s.th.);

(soft)

to gather, collect (a
yuffii)
i_

(qajb,

VJl

to contract
UF
q.

blow

(Je

against);

knockout

the eyebrowa (also ^-U.


baihi),

hj

(boxing);

mortal

or

blow t

knit
u,.

the

brows,

frown,

soowl,

deathblow (J. to); Ol JJI ^ly j. jlj {q. d-dimma) to regard it as one's duty
to ...;

glower

JJ

(jabinah) to frown

II to scowl,

glower; to knit the brows,


to sew together
(
s.th.)

i*JI ^Jli

j.

J.JoA< (Tun.)

examexami-iMia

frown;

(ep.)

ining magistrate; J-iJI jjili (Ify.) ining magistrate; ilUVI (jJU


(j.)
?.

to

beoome

gloomy

(oountenance)

to polarize (a s.th.; phya.) ?uJo pl. i^lLjl agfdA axis, axle;


ei.);

magistrate sitting at defendant's


*L*]i

wJ

arraignment, trial judge;


B-suih justice of tbe peace
lSJkX.

^i\2

q.

pole (<u(ron., peopr.,

pivot; Ieader;

authority, leading personality, celebrity

maqdiy

settled,

finished, done,
|

(ohiefly

used in the

pl.)
|

completed, accompliahed, etc.

- iM

_^V

ar-roha pivot (of s.th.;


O'ano)

flg.);

^-J\ J q. JjJ-l iJaJI


jL'l ^Jl\

accomplished fact,

fait

accompli

the South Pole;

^liumtita^inpl.Oj^to. mutaqSifn
litigant;

(iamU) the North Pole;


tive

JL kJ nega*_-U

UiLUll

al-mutaqdiyn

the

pole;

oathode,

^>ry

(mfi?o)

two

litigants

positive pole, anodo

j^Ui.

mukujidan

subjeot

to

legal

Ja

u|M polar

^1 JII

(&/?)

prosecution

polar light

^a

"

<

muqtafan required, necessary,


(pl.

-U gu/6a

(ep.)

stitch (in sewing)

requisite;

oL

muqtaiay)

re|

-j^U gajo frowning, scowling, glowering

quirement, exigency, necessity, need


ti

-iiif

bi-muqtatf (prep.) acoording to,

in

accordance with, in conformity with f


to,

O *-UizJ
-Uli

istiqfb polarization (phys.)

pursuant

under; Jlj-Vl

oUi j^
it

qS(ibatan all together, all without


all

should the circumstances require

exception, one and

Jo

ga/fu

(cbiefly

with the past tense in

>S

yafora

(jo/r,

OI^U gojonjn) to
fall

fall

negative sentencea) ever, (neg. :) never

or flow in drops, drip, dribble, trickle


II (qafr)

to let

or flow in drops,

qalla

u (qaU) to carve

(a s.th.)i to cut,

drip, drop, dribble, infuse in

drops or
( (a

trim, clip, pare ( s.th.); to

mend

the

driblets
s.th.);

(a

s.th.);

to

filter,

filtrate
distill

point (a of a pen), nib, sharpen (a a pen) II to carve, turn ( wood) VIII to sharpen, nib (a a pen)

to renne ( s.th.); to
(a)

s.th.);
file

to line up cameis and oonnect them with

in Single

halters,

form

JJ go# short and curly

(hair)

a train of csniels; to couple

(a vehicles);

iUJ

gaffdf turner

MJ

;tff

pl.

.UJ

qitaf,

i,
|

qiff,

Uu

ofa*>

to tow, tug (a a ship) Y to fall or flow in drops, drip, dribble, trickle; to soak, peroolate (Jl into), trickle (Jl in)

male

cat,

tomcat

jLjll

Ju

g. eu-za&fci'

YI to

oome

in auccessive groups,
(Jl

to
to

oivet cat
LS g/fa

crowd, throng, flook

or Je to

s.o.,

a
female cat
luL qvtaifa kitten

place)

to drip, drop, extract

dribble (a
distillation

s.th.); to
(a s.th.)

distill,

by

774

Li qa\r dripping, dribbling, dribble,


trickling,
trickle;
(coli.;

_^i.

miqfara

pl.

^LU* maqfir* censer;

n.

un.

\)
;

pl.

Stocks {de vice for punishment)

j U
sirup

qifr

drops,

dribleta ;

rain

jL
jlU V-

ta^ir

filtering,

filtration;

re-

fining; distilling, distillation

Jti qa\r pl.

cAjJ

qufTt

(eg.) (rail-

isticftr distilling, distillation

road) train
jLIj q{ira pl. -t

locomotlve

rail car,

lST^

(?)

qafargi

pl-

-*i/ a

shunter,

diesel

switchman
Li qufr
district,

(railroad)

olj jli maqtrt


pl.

trailers,

truck trailera

jLUl ag/r region, quarter;


tract of land;
(of

section;

zone;
circle);
|

oljLiBpirita

muqaftart spirituous liquora,

country,

land; diameter

diagonal; caliber, bore (of a tube)

Ja\

>*_^i qaframiz (large) glase bottle or jar

^j^.' (mi#ri) Egypt;


q. ad-d.
LjjJl

*J\jS\

JJ

*Ju*J nisf
i**jl

radius (of the circle); jLUl

j jLi qalrana to
(* s.th.)

tar,

smear or coat with tax

arba'at a.

ad-duny the four quar-

ters of the world;

,j*

ji^-U

JJI

j^ll

\JJ qafrn
Li qafa'a a
(go/')

(qi^rn, ga/irn) tar

^jUJl (rau'a) the rapture which holds


completely enthralled,

me
(a s.th.); to

which

pervadea

to cut (* s.th.); to cut off


off,

my

chop

lop off (* s.th.); to

heart through
quirl

and through
diametral,
dia-

amputate
regional ;

(* s.th.);

to cut through, cut

gj
metrical

in two, divide (* s.th.); to tear apart,

disrupt,

sunder,
feil

disjoin,

separate

(*

JJ

qatar*

Qatar (aheikdom in eastern

s.th.);

to

(*

tree);

to break off,

Arabia)
_^i qvfr t qufuT agalloch, aloeawood

sever (* s.th.,

e.g., relations);

to break
s.o.);

off one'a friendship,

break

with
(

to cut, anub
s.th.);
s.o.);

s.o.)

to intemipt

*, s.o., (

ij* qafra
drop

(n. un.

of Jti qafr)

pl. qafart

to cut short, Interrupt, silence to tunw>ff, switch


off,

(also as a medicine)

disconnect

(* electrio current);

to prevent, hinder
*

Ij^i

qufaira

pl.

-t

droplet,

driblet

(jp
jLL gt/r pl. -t, Jet qufur,
rt

s.o.

from); to forbid (jp


s.o.

to b.o.
s.th.);

oljU gwfu*
train;
JSp-,

s.th.),

prohibit ( jp

from doing

train

of

cameis;
nie

(railroad)
(of

to deprive (j*

s.o. of);

{Chr.) to ex-

railroad ;
mit.)
|

single

soldiera ;
train,

communicate
effect,

(s.o.); to

have a profound

ftUJl

jLU

freight

goods

train; ^-ux jLL* (hadidi) railroad train;

{^j-**- or

0fi) special train;

^U^J ^
JL

have a oonsiderable impact, be impressive (spiritually) ; to make a profound


impression
(

jUJ

(frff,

u*

j on),

impress greatly, affect

tf^l jLL g.

ar-rukkb

deeply (j
(*

s.o.);

to ford (* a river), croes


(*

passenger train;
train,

jlLJ (aa&g) fast

a river, an ocean), traverse

a coun(*);

eipreBS train;

-^

jUJ eipreas

try),

pass through or acroes s.th.

to

train; Jilij j* (tvaqqf) local train


jliJ

cover (* a distance); to survive (*


e.g.,

s.th.,

qaftra

dropping tube, pipette,

a danger), surmonnt, overcome (*

dropper

s.th., e.g.,

difflculty), get overs.th. (*);

to Bpend, pass, while

away (j

* time

\JJ qafrn

(qifrn, qafirn) tar


pl.

with); to use up,

consume

(* food); to

jLu mt^or

jWJu maqfir* censer

decide (> or

l-

s.th.); to

say with cer-

e
tainty,
s.th.),

assert,

declare

poitively

(l~>

hand); to interrupt; to can


i_JiJI

(*

a verse)
III

affirm confidently, aver (jL that);

JaJ

(qalba)

heart-rending
o.s.
(

to

to prove (jtj that); pass. qufi'a to break,

disaociate,

separate

from), part
friendship,
(* s.o.);

break apart, be or get broken, be or

Company,
break
to be
(

break

off

one's

become
string
(U-_^l)

interrupted;

to

Bnap

(rope,
|

with

s.o.);

to cut, nub
(*

of a musical Instrument)

Ja

on bad terms
{*,

with

b.o.);

to

J-1M (amal t raj') to give up hope,


Ja (taman) to fix the

boycott
{*,

b.o.,

s.th.);

to interrupt
()

to despair; jJl
price, agree

s.o., B.th.);
()

to cut s.o.

ahort, out

ontheprioe; (ILj) *_fJ JaJ

in

on a.a'a

talk, also ij jU-I -JLi


s.o.
()

IV to

(tadkiratan) to

buy
on

a ticket;

<tj.-U- <ui*

Li
b.o.

make
s.th.);

or let to

cut or cut off (*


()

(haditah)
short,

to

interrupt

b.o.,

cut
ljj.i

make

or let s.o.

croas or
fief {*

cut in
to

s.o.'s talk;

Ja

ford (* a river); to bestow as a

(dauran)

paas

through a phase or

on
(*

s.o.

s.th.)

to

grant,

asaign,
o.b.,

allot
dis-

period, go

through a stage;

^1^

Ja

to a.o. B.th.); to separate


(

(bi-ra'yin) to express a firm opinion; to

asociate o.s.
(

from

s.o.),

part

Company
with
s.o.)

decide in favor of an opinion; ojj JaJ


{bi-ra'yihl)

with

s.o.);

to break off one's friendship to break

to
b.o.,

be

guided in one' de-

(^
be

with

s.o.);
off,

(^

cisions

by

proceed in accordance

V to be cut

be severed, be disrupted,

with

s.o.'s

opinion or decision;

fj\

Ja

interrupted,

be

disconnected ;

to

(rahim) to Bever the bonda of kinship,

snap; to be cut up, be chopped up, be

break with one's relatives; to violate the


rulea of conaanguinity; lU^-il Li (alw*
ton)

hacked to
be

pieces,

be dismembered; to
flow
discontinuouly

intermittent,
current);

to

make

progress;

1^-5"

LL._ji

Ja*

(electric

to be disjointed, be
o.s.

(j^Ji or)[aidl

ruqxy)
r-r.)

and
to

j (IjUu or) ($autan,taqaddum, la-. j Ja (maidni make great progress, make


Ulj-ll j_^l

jerky (words, tyle); to knock


(e.g.,

out

with eagernesB)

JU-1

*j

c-J*iJ (At*

blu) to be at the

end of one's resources, be

great headway; JijJJI J* Ja* to cut off


s.o.'s

utterly helpleaa;

^L-Vi
jLe-V'
lit.
:

**

~AJ [asbbu)

way, intercept

s.o.;

to engage in
s.o.,

to be at one's wit's end, be at the end of

highway robbery; to waylay

commit
head,

one's

tether;

*Jj-a

*UU
i.e.,

-l*

highway robbery on
("aqlah)
it

s.o.;

JJU Jai V
his
it;

(hadafun,

dnah)

a goal on the

won't get into

way

to which throats are aUt,

one

he can't understand or believe


r (

\x^ Ja

which remaina unattainable VI to separate, part

ahdan) to make a contract; to make


s.o.);

Company, go apart; to get


from each other; to break
relationa,

a promise, vow, or pledge (J to


*_j *_j

separated
off

J* Ja ('ahdan) and Op^II JJ 4iJ J* (uw'da) to vow s.th., pledge o.a. or bind o.s. to do s.th.; l_*S3l Ja*
\j^c <-J

mutual

snub each other;

to intersect (lines, roads, etc.; * s.th.),

cut across, cross (of a line or road, *


another) VII to be cut
off,

to diacount the
(lianah)

bill

of exchange; <jLJ Li
s.o.,

be or get

to

silence

aeal

s.o.'s

separated
off,

(^

or

^ from); to be chopped
be cut through, be

Ups, gag s.o.; uliJI

Ja* (wagt) to while

be lopped

off,

away the
pieces,

time,

kill

time

II to cut into

sundered, be severed, be torn apart, be


disrupted, be broken, be broken off; to

cut up, dismember (* s.th.); to

carve (* meat); to tear apart, rend, rip


apart, gash, slash, lacerate (a s.th.); to

be interrupted, be disconnected, be out


off,

be

shut

off

(also,

e.g-,

electrio
;

cut

seriously,

gash

deeply

(*

one's

current),

be

blocked,

be stopped

to

e*
break, break apart, tear, snap
(intr., e.g.,

776

wlli-l
J^kll

jJJ

settlement

of aecounts;

a rope, a string); to cease, end,

an end, run out, ezpire; to stop,


a halt,

oome to oome to

*U highway

robbery, brigandage;

J*

JijLJl Li forcible

prevention of
j>lil

s.th.,
q.

come to a standstill, be suspended,


;

radical stop to s.th.;

*k*

al-

be discontinued to stop, cease


doing
desist,
s.th.);

(je- s.th.;

mhiya
LII

Balary
or)

cut,
-f

wage
ri'r

deduetion;

to

leave
refrain

off
(^e-

(^y-

s.th.),

(Ja*,

(or

mu'addal)

abatain,

from) ;
B.th.);

to

al-q.
q.

discount rate, bank rate; gj\ J*>

suspend, discontinue, stay (j*

to

ar-rub* (ar-rubu')

quarto format; JJ

withdraw, stay away, hold aloof


from); to devote
o.s. t

(&
give

u^J-l

^iT

q.

kutvh al-jaib pooket size


q,

dedicate
o.s.

o.s.,

(book);

jjt i

makrtin, J*jjt
jJij

*
*!*

one's attention, apply

(J or Jl to);

(malpr) oonio section (geom.);

to concentrate (J or Jl on); to occupy


o.s.

hyperbola

(geom.);

jlC

*k*

(miifc/r)

exclusively (J or Jl with), give all

parabola (geom.) ;

^U ^Ui eipBe (geom.)


li-l-wqt as a pastime,

one's time (J or Jl to) Till to take a


part,

CJ UU

qafan

little

(,> glean-

of s.th.);
(,>

to take,
from,

just to kill time;

J*J\

^Lii

(bi-q.

borrow,
e.g.,

cull,

* s.th.

in-nazari) irrespective of, regardlesB of,

a story from a book); to tear out,


e.g.,

without regard to; aside

from,

apart

take out, remove (*

a page,

<>.

from
rip

from;

*Li)l

j> disjunetive hamza (gram.)

a book or notebook); to tear


off,

off,

jJJ qafi deeided, definite, positive;


final, definitive;

detach

(* e.g.,

a coupon); to approto poaaess


o.e.,

U*U qaflyan

decidedly,

priate, acquire

(* s.th.);

definitely, emphatically, categorically


ILaL!

take possession <* of), seize (* on)


request as a fief (*
to deduct {*
*

to

of

b.o. s.th.); (eg.)

qafiya

certainty,

definiteness,

an amount)
chopping
off,

positiveness
**L# qifa pl.

Jai qai' cutting off;

de-

qita* piece,

fragment,
section,

truncation; amputation; cutting, scission,


section;

lump,

ohunk;

part,

portion;

division;

segment (geom.); coin; naval


J

disruption,

sunderance,

dis-

junction, diseonnection, Separation;

unit; unit (m.)


fell-

*J\jA\

ULJ or
circle

*LJl

ing

(of

tree);

severance,

rupture,

*iJ\ji\

segment
<*^i>

of

(geom.);

breakoff

(e.g.,

of relationB); stoppage,

-^!/*M

part (of a machine, of an


**k*

blockage, embargo, ban, blaokout, sub-

apparatus);

O r'-pJVl

coupling ele-

pension ;

interruption,

discontinuation
off

diseonnection, turning
(of
electric
(tf-

switching off
hin-

v-j-** **^* (masrahxya) (stage) play; Jbi **L (gin&'iya) vocal piece,
(d.)
;

ment

current);

prevention,

vocal oomposition; ^JUil

*Ji

or jLi

<!

drance

from) ;

deprivation ;
fording

ex-

spare part;
art;
*jjS3l

S-ii

iJi

(fanniya)

work of

communication
river)
;

(Chr.);

(of

ULl (Icurawya) Bpherical


J-ir* <*Li (tamiiliya)

crossing (of
;

an ooean) ; traversion

segment (geom.);

(of a country)

covering (of a distance)

(stage) play; v*r">* **^* pieoe of music,

musical composition; 3JL ULS (m/iya)


coin; LJUL J**)l ('amal) pieeework, Job

spending, passing (of a span of time);

consumption
count;
(pl.

deduetion,

rebate,

dis-

work, taskwork

flUI

agf') format, size (of

book);

(pl.

g^U
;

quf') section (geom.);

ULi yuf'a
cut
off,

pl.

qutut,

UJ

gufa' a piece

ULi qafan

decidedly, definitely, positive-

a cut; stump; plot of land, patch

ly, for certain

with neg. absolutely not,


:

of land, lot
4mL qafa'a pl. -t,

not at

all,

by no meana, not

in the least

qafa*

stump

777

e*
f-LLiI
fief,

f-LLi

qif*, qu\* pl. -t seotion; sector

igf'

and

ipLUl

iqfaa

pl.

-t

(geom.)
*>_j^l
(biol.);

^j. _Ui ('arfi) cross ,y oULU (an*ja) tissue


\

seotion;
sectioiiB

fee, feudal estate,


|

land granted by

feudal tenure
lord

f-lLiV ji liege lord, feudal

isJ\jl\

f_U*iJl

(d'iri) aeotor of

circle

{geom.) ;

jj_Jl

lUl

(fcurouti)

^ILii
(pl.

iqf'i

liege,

feudatory, feudal;

spherical sector {geom.)


f-llu gra#
f

-n) liege lord, feudal lord

(stone-, wood-) cutter

i-tLU! iqf'lya feudalism; S-tlLi^l the

^ILJL

bi-l-qaf'l

by

retail, retail (adj.)

feudal System
Lj
taqaffu
pl.
-t

^U
e-UaSl

qafV pl.

?*#*,

Ol*U

quf'n,

interruptedness,

atf' troop or

group (of animals),

interruption
JLj

drove, flock, herd

iaqpu*

severance

of

mutual
junc-

*jj& qafi'a rupture of relations, break,


breach,
rift,

relations ;

crossing ;

interBection,

alienation,

estrangement,
relatives
(pl.

tion
f-LUil

Separation ;
(short

enmity

among
q.

inqif Separation, disjunction,


rift,

for *-J\ <*J


)

ar-rahim);

severance; break, breach,


breakoff;
interruption,
;

rupture,
dis-

UJ goJY 3

fief, fee,

feudal eetate, land

diaruption,
stop,

granted by feudal tenure


Lil

continuance

cessation,

terminastoppage,
end,

agfa*

more

convincing,
(f.

more

tion,

expiration,

eztinction ;

conclusive

(evidence);

U*S gaf'* a )

shutdown,
dose,

blockage,

Suspension ;

amputee; one-armed; dumb, mute


Aal* maqfa' pl. UrLI* maq}? 2 crossing
point, crossing, traverse, passage; ford;

conclusion; absenoe, withdrawal,

aloofness

(^
ji-

from)

jUll ^ILJl inq.


(el.); f-LWJl

at-

tayyr power shutdown


or
f-UiJl
,y>

JjOj

inceasantly, constantly,

(point
section,

of)

intersection;

cross

section;

continually, without interruption


J_*U*ljl ingif'lya

division ;

ayllable ;

musical
animals,

phrase;

quarry;
jljl LI*

group

of

separatism

drove

m. ar-ra'y deciaion,

flkJb-l
(e.g.,

istiq' pl. -t cut,

deduction

judgment
LA* miqfa' pl. Jli. magfi' 2 cutting

from salary)
T

4 Li qfi

cutting; sharp;

convincing,

instrument

jU^-Jl

,J**

cigar

cutter;
;

cogent, irrefutable, oonolusive, decisive


(e.g.,

j jji\ >Li> m. al-waraq paper knife paper


cutter
n

evidence);

decided, definite, posfinal,

itive,
facrf*'

unmistakable, unequivocal;

Uq"

fragmentation, dismember-

definitive;
(pl.
Jrl_j*

sour (milk); secant (geom.);


qawti' 2 )
partition,

ment, cutting up, division, partitioning;


interruption, diaruption, diacontinuation;
gripeB, colic; (pl. f-tUu taqfi' 2 ) stature,
figure; shape,

screen

Jj J*i\ *Utf pl. jjUI f-LLi qu' af-furuq (or


j^LJI

ZL>

quffa'

af-f.)

highway robber,
jL*j

form;
|

pl. parts,
**-j>\

portions,
'

holdup man, waylayer, brigand;


L>UIj
(bi'fiifatin)

sections,

members

p~*^

<d-

unmistakably; JuWU j*

wajh features, lineamenta of the face


"*A>\Ju

(ainn) incisor;

tly jJ \airun qawfi'u


;

migratory birds

jJ*iiJl kl* ticket aeller,


etc.)

muqfaa Separation break (with


;

conductor (streetcar, bus,

s.o.)

indifference,

unfeelingness,

un-

lovingnessjboycott; interruption;
area, region, section, district,

(pl. -t)

5*ll

g^i'o

interrupter,

circuit

provinoe

breaker

(el.)

c"
pjL* maqt" cut
off, off,

778

severed, chopped
finished,
(pl.

liquid

from the surface);


Scratch

(qaff)

to
I

etc.

<i

fj^*

decided,

Scratch,

up

s.o.)

II

settled,

dono with (matter,

affair);
j-JiJI
|

VIII to pick {* flowera, fruit); to gather,

^li.

maqtf*) ahort

poem

fji***

harvest (* fruit); to pluck off (* s.th.);


to select, chooae,

matchless, peerless, unrivaled, unequaled


*jk

pick out

(j- * s.th.

maqfua
|

pl.

-,

f^Ulx maqfi'

from among)
iJ*Li qaff (act or

piece (of music)

VV'J-

*>!* piece of

instance of) picking,

music, musical composition

etc.; (pl. i_j_>Li qutf) Scratch


alloti_iiJ qiff

Lcjk* maqf'iya share, portion,

picked fruit

ment; consumption

i-f^kLj

(ey.) in

the

i_jUJ qiff picking, gathering, harvest


(of
fruit)
;

lump, for a lump eum

picking

aeason,

vintage,

*Du

muqafta' torn, ahredded

harvest time

Ja* muqti* liege lord;

muqfa*

jkSJl Jlj dnl l-qutf within reach,


liege

at

hand; easy to apply, eaBy to use,

man, feudatory, feudal tenant, vasaal


*kS,t.

handy
JsjLi qatf
pl. iJL!

mutaqatti' cut

off,

torn, ruptured,

qutuf short-stepped,

disrupted,

interrupted ;

diacontinuoua,

slow
*iJ*i qafifa velvet; pluah
i_j*LU*

flowing intermittently (electric current);


in atages

(movement); staccato
|

(voice);

incoherent, disjointed (words)


(tayyr) alternating current
JaJL.

*Ljc jLj

qaf'if

2
,

i_UJ qafyif*
fried

(pl.)

amall,

triangulr
severed, dia-

doughnuts

in

melted

munqa\i* cut
separate(d),

off;

butter and served with honey


.JakS..

joined,
off,

detached; chopped

miqfaf pl. ,_iilu maqfiP imple-

detruncated; cut, cut in two, sundcrtorn,

ment
knife

for picking fruit, fruit picker; vine

ed,

ruptured, diarupted;
interrupted,

broken;

broken

off;

discontinued,

JiLL maqtaf
ket
<JlkJl

pl.

JJpLu maqtij 2 bas-

stopped, blocked; disconnected, turned


off,

switched off (electric current); haltdiscontinuoua, intermittent,


fitful;

ing,

iqtiff picking,

gathering, etc.

outlying, remote, out-of-the-way (region);

Belection, choice, pick


,_**It-'-

devoted, dedicated (J or

Jl to), set

aBide
|

rnuqtafaf pl. -t aelected or select

exclusively, solely destined (J or Jl for)

piece; selection

^kJI

nU*'-

and

^j-Jl

*k:..

unmatched,
un-jUai qatqfa

matchleaa,

peerless,

unrivaled,

young
i

girl

equaled, incomparable, Singular, unique;


Ail. ji. inceasant, unceaaing, continual,

JU

qafala
II

{qafl}

to

cut off (* s.th.)

uninterrupted

JJ
-V '*- musiaqta' cut, deduction (frotn
aalary)

qatlla towel; floor rag

-U
i

qa\ama

(qafm) to cut off (* s.th.); to


s.th.)

break off (a
kki

qafafa

(qaff,
;

Jj\J qutf) to pick (*


to
off,

flowera,
fruit); to
B.th.,

fruit)

gather,

harvest

i*U>
(*

qatma piece;

bite,

morsel

pluck

pull off, tear off (*


(eg.)

(*kil

al-muqaltam a rnge of hls east

e.g.,

leaves);

to skim {* a

of Cairo

779

j^Li qitmir

pelliole

enveloping a data pit


doean't

l5^

**

(rukbaihu) his knees


;

buckled

\j^Li die

V (yamlihu) he

thing, he hasn't a red cent to


1

own a his uame

under h'm j*
discourage,

*j

-U to hold

back, restrain,

or

prevent

s.o.

from;

-u*

l^UII je (4ahb) he decided not to go;

jU
(

qafana
(

u
or

(jLS qu}n) to live, dwell,


<_>

Xij

jL

to be in a State of great anxiety,

reside

or * in a plaoe) ; to inhahit

be seriously upset, be very agitated; to


be very atarmed { J by) IV to
sit

or

u
(i_j

or *

place) II to

make

live,

make

( s.o.)

Bettle

s.o. in)

down;

to

make

(* s.o.)

sit; to

cause

^U jU
jU-

qafan small of the hack


qufn, qufun pl. LUI a4#n cotton
|

or induce (b.o.) to stay; to seat (b.o.);

to hold back, restrain, discourage, prevent


(je

jL raw cotton, cotton. wool, un-

s.o.

from); to decrease, diminish,


s.th.)
|

ginned cotton; jJjtcotton waste;

jU (It. arto) (e$.)


(/*&&{)

reduce (,>

pass. uq'ida to be lame,


**lil

jU

absorbent

be crippled
upset

-Ufij

(aqmah) to
s.o. in

cotton; i-j-t- jL* (muttaA) guncotton;

s.o. seriously,

throw

a State

O jUI
^JiJ!

<_i*-

Aad>

aZ-g. exceleior;

^L*

of violent emotion; *i* j*


to

JUil

(himmatihi)
to desire

mihlaj

al~q.

cotton gin
(adj.)
pl.

dampen

b.o.'s

zeal

V not

(je s.th.), not to be out for s.th. (je); to

JL5 yu^nt cotton

desist, abstain, refrain

(^

from) VI

V;

IjJJ qufniya, qifniya


pulse,

JLU

qapniy

to remain aloof, refrain, forbear, with-

legumes (peas, beans,

lentils)

draw (je from);


retire VIII to
s.th.);

to be pensioned off,
(*

oLLi gufdniya, qifniya Indian com,


to Bit
(* in

take or use as a seat

down

(*

on

B.th.); to be,

maize
lli*

(tun.)

remain
qaffn ootton manufacturer, cotton
Xi

a State or condition)

qa'ad slackers, strkere of military

merchant

service in times of war; also, designation


(coli.
;

hi yaqfin
squash

n. un. !)

a variety of

of the Khawarij
x*i

qa'da

sitting;

backside,

seat,

7^1* maqfana cotton plantation


J*\i
qdfin
pl.

buttocks,

posteriore;

epace
|

occupied
J-ill

quftn

resident,

while sitting, seating Space

jj

domiciled; inhabitant, dweller


9

name

of

the

eleventh

month

of the

Muslim year
lLJ q\\n
lace
pl.

,>1*Lj qayfin* cord, braid,

"Xmi

qi'da

manner

of sitting, seat, pose,

posture ;
(coli.; n.

epace

occupied

while sitting,

IL

ga/an

un. LLi qafh) sand grouse

seating space
Xi

(Pterocle)

quada constantly
Beated
firmly;

or

frequently

sitting,

sedentary; glued to the seat, not


lazy,
inert,

oJ qa'ada u
a
eeat;

(jj** yu'fid) to sit

down, take
to remain
lie

budging,
indolent
t^-U*

to

sit,

be

sitting;

seated; to remain, stay, abide; to

in

wait (J for
desist,

s.o.),

waylay
(je|

(J

s.o.);

to
re-

qu'di

constantly

or

frequently

abstain,

refrain
s.th.)

from),
juS

sitting,

sedentary; glued to the seat, not


firmly

nounce, waive (je


b.o.

*j

to

make
s.o.,

budging,
indolent

seated;

lazy,

inert,

Bit

down, make
b.o.

b.o.

sit,

seat

induce

to stay; to hamper, handicap,


s.o.;

jj

qad

pl.

-U*l

aq'ida, -U*

quud,

hamstring, disable, paralyze

iJU

b\Xi qi'dn, JJLn* qa''icP

young camel

; ;

780

ijj

qu'd

sitting ;

desistance,

ab-

IopUJI

4*-L*

miskat

al-q.

base,

basal

atention, refraining (j* from); renunciation,

surface
.ui

abandonment, waiver

[^

of

muq'ad brought to a

standstill,

^i qa'xd oompanion; one with

whom

stopped, arrested; lame, crippled, diaabled, infirm;

one

aite

together;

keeper,

guardian,

an invalid

Supervisor, Superintendent ; crippled, disabled, infirm


|

jUi* mutaq'id retired; pensioner


ji qa'ura

J^lll J-** q. al-manzil con-

fined to one'a house or to one's quarters

(jl**

qa'ra) to

be deep, holor deeper,

-L

qa'ida

pl.

jJUJ qa''id1

woman

lowed out

II to s.th.);

make deep

deepen (*
Bcream

to hollow out,

make
speak

companion;
Oa*
sit

wife, spouse
pl.

hollow, excavate (* s.th.); to cry, shout,

maq'ad

u*U*

maq&P

s.th.

to

*.^S*

ji (kalmihi) to

on, Bpace to eit in; seat (in general,

gutturally IV to

in a theater, in parliament, etc.); chair;

deepen (* a

well)

make deep or deeper, V to be depressed, Bunk,

bench;

Bofa,

settee; box, driver'B seat


|

low, deep, hollowed out, dished, ooncave

(of a oarriage or coach)

Jj

J*

A*i* chaise

to deBcend to the bottom


ji qa'r pl.

longue;

f_j* -ui*

(murih)

easy

chair,

jyi
;

qu'r bottom; depth;


hollow, cavity,

armchair
Oa*

keel (of a ship)


pl.

pit, hole,

maq'ada

U&U* maq'id2 back-

depression the ground

1.U-L* ^^iJl

^* ($'idan) from

side, seat, buttocks, posteriors


U-Lj

up
pit,

taq'ud

restraint,

reticenoe,

j>S

qa'ra

hole,

hollow,

cavity,

aloofhess, reserve; retirement 1 Uelil ,jiU*


TTia'di
at-f.

depression

retiring

allowance,

super-

jyi

qa'r doep

annuation, pension; Otlil Jl


to be pensioned
retired
OpL
off,

J_*-i (uAtfa)

be superannuated, be

j*i qa'ir deep


ju

mvqa"ar depressed, sunk, low,

gcfi pl.

j>_j*

gu'wi, iLi qu"d,

deep; hollow, dished, concave; curved;


obBcure (language)

sitting, seated; inactive, idle, lazy, also

J*Jt

Otli

famaJ) ; jUtli qcfidn slackof military Service in times


o*tf qtfid pl. o*lj!

U^S

qa'isa

(qa as) to

have a protruding
back,

era, shirkers

of war;

ehest

and

hollow

be

pigeon-

jauxfW

breasted VI to remain aloof, keep away,

woman who,

because of her age f has

Btay away, desist, refrain


hesitate, waver,

(^

from); to

ceased to bear children


io*U qaida
tion,
pl. o*lj*

be reluctant

(^

to do

gauxftf' founda-

s.th.); to fail, neglect

(^
in)

to do s.th.);

groundwork ;
(geom,.; mtl.);

basis ;

fundament

to be uninterested

(^

XIV a

Uil

base

Bupport, base, Bocle,

iq'anmsa

foot, pedestal ;

chassis, undercarriage

precept, rule, principle,

mazim; formula;
|

u^i\
and
lj

aq'a& having a protruding ehest


back,
pigeon-breasted
|

hollow

method, manner, mode; model, pattern


JjL-lH

^i\ je (') firmly established


(j-pLu taq'ua negtfgence

power

i^

q- al-uffl or

iy:

JUttf (&oA-

riya) naval base; i"}Ul Su*tf oapital of the

country; *if?

S-icl*

(/aum^j/a)

airbaee;

(j-cliu

mutaq'is hesitant, wavering,


negligent,
careless,

L^-

J*li (harbiya)

base of Operation;

reluctant ;
listless, idle

sloppy,

dllil Otli 9.

aX-mulk seat of government;

781

I**

qa'qaa

(!*!*#

qa'qa'a)

to clatter; to

jj. muqfir empty, bleak, forsaken,


forlorn,

rattle; to

dank
magpie
rattle;

deserted, lifeless, uninhabited,

JU
*****

qa*qa* t qtCqu*

depopulated, devastated, desolate, waste;


destitute, devoid

(^

of)

qa'qa'a

clatter;

dank,

dang;

noise, din; pl. jl*i ga'gi' 9 high-

qafaza
leap,

i (qafz, 'j-i*

qafazn) to jump,

sounding words

spring,

hurdle,

bound; to jump

up, leap in the air; to

jump

off,

take off

JJ

u {JtjM qvff) to be dry, withered, Bhrireled; to dry up, wither, shrivel;


qaffa

to put

on or wear gloves
jumping
(also athlet.)
|

to contract, shrink; to brtle, stand

on

jii qafz

jft

end

(hair)

JJ-I J* (habt) skipping the rope; jJdl *j \J l) pole vaulting ; Jj jU jii broad jump
Jlp jii {'dXin) high

"<

quffa pl. iJam qufaf large baaket;


(tr.)

jump
jump, leap, spring,

(Mesopotamian) round boat, gufa

jii qafza pl. qafazt

Im
jii

quffa, qaffa fererish shiver,

ague

fit

bound
jLu quffz
pl. -t,

qafara

{qafr) :

*j

(atarah)
s.o.

to

>iUi

qafftz* glove;

foow
or

s.o.'s tracks,

track

IV to be
desolate,

a pair of gloves

become

empty,

bleak,

jJ qaz
measure,
(Tun.)

pl.

lj\ aqfixa cafiz, a dry


1,

deserted, depopulabed, uninhabited, devastated,

ca.

496-040

16 whibas

waste ;

to

be

destitute,

be

deroid {j- of); to ravage, lay waste,


devastate, desolate, depopulate {* s.th.);
to abandon, leave in a State of desolation (a houses, a dty); to

jii maqfiz springboard


^Li* qafa&a
i

gnaw

(qafS) to gather, collect

(*

off,

s.th.); (eg.) to catch, seize, grasp,

grab;

pick (* a bone)
()

VIII to follow s.o.'s

tracks, track

to find out, disoover (* B.th.)


( s.o.)
|J

jjj qafr pl.

jL

Lu

qafS prattle, chatter


(pl.)

qifr desert, wasteland,

desolate

region;
forlorn,

empty,
deserted,

bleak,
lifeless,

for-

dll" qafaSt

jokes
pen,

saken,

un-

inhabited, depopulated, devastatcd, desolate, waste; destitute,

u*ji

qafap pl.

*\J\ aqff c&ge; birdcage

devoid

(^

of)

coop, wired enclosure; basket (made of


|

(jLu or)

,_^ijl

(ar#) wasteland;

>

palm

fronds); thoraz, ehest; (prisoner's)


ijj g. al-ittihm)

jii [kubz) piain bread,

dry bread
wasteland,

dock (= fL^lM

taqfipa poultry
Ijii qafra pl. qafart desert,

coop

desolate region

LLu quffn
faste ned

pl.

,>Llii qaffin* caftan, a long-

jL y*- kubzun qafrun piain bread, dry


bread

sleeved outer garment, open in front and

by a hizm

jJS qafvr
Ijju liiii

pl.

i^

qufrn beehive

^liJl al-qafqs the Caucasus

bdiya qafr** arid desert

qafi'a

(qafa')

to contraot; to shrink; to
II to shrivel (*

jLl iqfr emptiness, bleakness, desolateness, deaolation; ravage, devastation,

shrivel,

become wrinkled

the fingers; of the cold)


mJ

depopulation

qaf testudo

782

qajqaja

(iS

qajqafa)

and

II taqafqafa

JU qfiya
(eg.)

pl.

Js\y qawfin rhyme;


words,

to shiver with cold

play

on

pun,

double-

entendre; nape

qafala u

(Jjju qujl) to

come home,
t_,W look up alphabetically
<IJ,

come back, return;


bolt
(*

(qafl) to shut,

close (a s.th.); to latch,


s.th.)
;

lock, shut up,

to

accumulate, amass,
(*

JiU and

JiLi

look up alphabetically
qilla)

hoard
B.th.);
off, off,

(a s.th.) II

and IV to padlock
off

Ji qalln

i (qill,

qu, <U

to be or

become

to shut, close <a s.th.); to ewitch


off,

little,

small, few (in

number

or quantity),

shut

turn

(a s.th.);

to cut

trifling,

insignificant,

inconsiderable,

stop (a the supply of), block, bar,

scant, scanty, sparse, spare, meager; to

close (a s.th.); to latch, lock, shut up,


bolt (> s.th.)

be rare, scarce

to be of rare occurrence,

happen seldom; to decrease, diminish,


pad(of

J
lock;
canal)

qufl pl. JLSl aqfl, <J_^S qujl

wane, grow
littler,

less; to

be or become
(in

less,

lock,

latch;

bolt;

O lock

smaller,

fewer

number or
scantier,

quantity),
qajfl

more

trifling, less signiflcant,

JLS

locksmith
shutting, closing, closure;

less

considerable,
(j*-

scanter,

sparser

than);
to s.o.)
*,

to

be
(qall)

second,

be

JLSl iqfl

inferior
raise,

(^

to pick up,
from. the

shutting up; locking, bolting; stoppage,


blocking,
JilS

lift

(je-

s.o.,

s.th.
|

blockage, barring, obstruction


pl.
ilili

ground); to carry (a
(illd,

s.th.)

jJj J>

VI

qfil

qfila,

JLS

qujfl
re-

wa-nadara) but for a few exceptions,

home-coming, retuming; homecomer,


patriate
Uli qfila
pl.
|

with

a few exceptions only


to
to

>*

(ftabruh)

be

impatient

lose

J one's

patience
Jilji

II

make little
j-

or less, diminish,

qawfil
(j

caravan;
1 essen,

decrease, reduce, do
s.th.)

seldom or

column; convoy

~<i^-

jLt)
q.

*lili

(tij*

less frequently (* or
*lili

IV

II;

riya, bahrlya) or j-JI

as-sufun

to do or give

little

(,> in or of); to pick

naval convoy
(_^i)

up, raise,
I

lift (je- a, s.o., s.th.

from the
(*,

LS qaj u (qafw) to follow {j


tracks) II to send
s.o.
(i_j

atarah
*

ground); to be able to carry


s.th.);
s.o.,

s.o.,
(*

s.o.'s

or

s.o.

to carry,

transport,

convey
(*

afber

eise);

to

rhyme,

put

into

* s.th.)

VI to think

little

of),

rhyme VIII
s.o.'s

J\ Ja! (atarah) to follow

scorn, disdain, despise (a s.th.)

to find

tracks, track s.o.;


s.o.

to follow up,
s.o.'s

(a s.th.) little, small, inconsiderable, uisignificant,


trifling
;

pursue
tracks,
s.o.
Li*

(mil.)

to follow in

to
(a,

esteem

lightly,
s.th.)

follow

s.o.'s

example,

imitate

undervalue,
to
(a,

despise

s.o.,

make
t

light (a,

of), set little stre

by), care Uttle (a,


lift (>,
a

for); to pick

qajan m. and
aqfin, #U*i

f.,

pl.

\J\ aqfiya,

up, raise,
ijl

s.o., s.th.); (a,

to carry,
s.th.);

aqfa, JS

qufly, qifxy

transport, convey

s.o.,

to

nape; occiput, back of the head; back;


reverse;

wrong

board
aide {of a fabric)

{* s.th., e.g.,

a ship, a carriage,

or the like); to rise; to be independent;


to possess alone (cj s.th.)
|

LS qaf* nape; occiput,

back of the

J**i J-*^-' {&**..*; Jjb-I


it,

head
Ul
iqtifa

himlin) to assume a brden;


following (of s.o.'s tracks),
(bi-panihi)

tracking; imitation

the

made only one who made it;


he alone

he was
ji-l

**Jcj

; ; ;

; ; ; ;

51

(bi-nafsihi)

to

be entirely

aelf-reliant,
;

a
L.

little,

somewhat;

aeldom,
~^Ji ~$Ji

rarely
|

own devices to be independent, manage without others, get


be
left

to

one'e

"iUi aeldom, rarely;

by and

by, slowly, gradually; }Ll* VI J&l al-kutt

along by oneself; (t-*-!^) i*+c Ji^-I (M-

q.
-U>

almost

everything,

nearly

all

muhimmatin,
taak (or duty) 1^

bi-ijibin)

to

aasume a

JJi

little later,

aome time

later on,

Bhortly afterward; bortly, before long;


(conj .)

qaUam

seldom,

rarely

JJi

je-

or JJi l>

('amrn) soon, before

scarcely, barely, hardly

long, ghortly ; _^Si

Vj JJi V

*i*

to

have absolutely nothing to do with


fewJ* qi, qull littlenesa, amallness, ness ; inaig nificance, inconaiderableneas,
triviality, paucity, paltrinoas, scarceneaB,

s.th.;

wjj^I JJ*

al-adab uncivil, impolite, rde,


q.

unoouth;

LU JJ*

al-haya

shameloss,

brazen, impudent, insolent, impertinent;


f-lujVI JJi low; j^J\ JJi
q,

sparseneas,
little,

scantineas,

inaufflciency;

a?-&abr im-

a small number, a small quantity,

a modicum;

qi tremor

patient; ijrj^ Jr^ acanty, acarce; rare


J*l

aga 1

less;

fewer;

s maller;
|

rarer;

i qaa recovery, recuperation; restoration of prosperity

J*VI the
Ji

least,

the

minimum
;

J*Vl J*or

V L* at the very leaat


the
loweat

at leat

j J Ji J*
!

lU qulla higheat point; top, summit;

(at
l

estimate)

Ji V

apex ;

vertex ;

(cannon)

ball ;

{pl.

Ji*

<>
is

Jl
.
.

V
. ;

(aqalla)

the least

J* one can
I . .

qulal) jug, pitcher


Ji qilla pl.

do

to

I (you, etc.)

could at leaat
all

JJ-Jl

Ja

Jil

quite inaignificant,
l*

but

Ji* qilal littlenesa, fewnesa;


insignifi-

neggible; l illjj that


...,

j* Jilj

let
...,

alone
to say

amallneas,

inconsiderableness,
;

not to mention that


. .

cance,

triviality

paucity,

paltrineaa,

nothing of
JJil

Bcantinesfl,

aparseness; scarceness, rare-

ness,

rarity;

minority; lack, want, descarcity


|

aqaiya smaller number, numerical

ficiency,

inaufflciency,
q.

iJi

inferiority; (pl. -t) minority

^L-^-V
ness,

al-ihsa
ii

inaenaitivity,

ob-

J_Uj

taqlil

decrease,

diminution, re-

tuaenesa; Ll-I

q,

al-haya

shameless-

duction

impudence, insolence, impertinence


J yj\
i
q.

iqll

decrease,

diminution,

re-

as-pabr impatience; *j*-J\ US scantineas, scarcity ; rarenesa, rarity


Jl

j^\

duction

**

jam'
(for
is

al-q.

(gram.)

plural

of

-jUi-I istiqll

independence
of or
pertaining
to

paucity

persona

or

thinga

whoae

J">li-l

istiqlli

number
o_Lj

between three and ten)

independence, independence (used attributively);

bi-qilliyalihi completely, wholly,


|

proponent of independence

entirely

m^'^h [>U-j (rakal) they

aet

Ji. m-uqill propertylesa, unpropertied,

out

all

together or with bag


qalil pl. ^j! aqilla
little;
2
,

and baggage
JT^j
qal'il 2 ,

without means, poor, destitute


JJL--

JJ*

mustaqi

independent

auton-

J^J

qill

few; inaignificant, in-

omous; Beparate, jjj^> -^jj^* (Turk.

distinct, particular

considerahle, trifling; small (in

number
kxlavuz) qaltvz Bhip'a
pilot;

or quantity), acant, acanty, spare, aparse,

screw
-t,

meager,
small

inBufficient;

scarce,

rare;

a a
Xs^i

number,

small

quantity,

qaya pl.

J^i qalliy (monaatic)

cell

modicum, a

little

(j* of); ~Ji qalilan

residence of the Coptio Patriarch (Chr.)

; ; ;;

i_Jj

(qalb) to tum around, turn i tum up(ward), upturn (* a.th.); to tum, tum over {* s.th.); to tum face up or face down (* s.tb.); to tum inside

qalaba

be reversed, be inverted; to be overturned, get knocked over


(e.g.,

about,

a glass);

to toss and turn, tosa about; to writhe,


twist,

Bquirm,
altered,

wriggle;

to be

chang-

out or outaide in (*

s.th.);

to turn upside

ed,

be

change;

to fluctuate
variable,

down

(* B.th.); to tip,
s.th.);

tut over, topple

(prices) ;

to

be

changeable,

over (*

to invert, reverse (* s.th.);

inconstant, fickle (j in s.th.); to raove


(about),
live,

to overturn, upset, topple {* s.th.); to


capsize (* s.th.); to roll over {* B.th.); to

be at

home (j

in);

to

dispose (j of), have at one's diaposal (j


s.th.)
|

aubvert,

overthrow

(*

government);

:0j4*

.Jultj

t^JJu

(waz'ifa
Offices
<j t^JL life

to change, alter, turn, tranaform, convert,

'adidatin)

he

held

numeroua
to lead a
in

transmute
s.th.);

(* s.th., * * s.th. to or into

(^Jl or) U*Jl


-frbJl
l

J ^SJ (ni'ma), JUici


il-'aiS)

to tranapose (* s.th.); to exchange


|

Ji

i\

(a.

of

(a * s.th. for s.th.)

Ulj ^ (ra'san) to
*J

ease

and comfort,
l

live

prosperity

tum

s.th.

upside down; ,^1 _^U

i_-U

(zahra l-mijann) to

show
to give

s.o. s.o.

the back the cold


II

^jjl .L^j J* _Jj (ramd'i l-bu's) to live in utmost misery VII to be turned,
be turned around, be

of the ehield,
Shoulder,
turn,

i.e.,

tumed

about, be

become

hostile

to

s.o.

to

turned

up(ward),

be

upturaed,

be

tum
face

around,

turn

about,

turn
to

turned over; to be reversed, be inverted;


to be turned inside out or outaide in; to be turned upside down, be toppled,
get knocked over; to be overturned, be upset, be overthrown; to be rolled over;

up(ward), upturn,

tum

over (*

s.th.);

turn
to

up or face down

(* s.th.);

tum

inside out or outaide in (* s.th.);

to turn upside

down

(* s.th.); to tip, tilt

over, topple over (* s.th.); to invert,

to overturn, somersault; to capsize; to

reverse

(*

s.th.);

to

overturn,
s.th.);

upset,

be changed, be altered, be transformed, be converted, be transmuted; to change,


turn (* or
Jt s.th.); to JI into s.th.),

overthrow, topple (*
(* s.th.); to roll

to capsize

over

(* s.th.); to

tum,
ran-

beoome

(* or

tum

over (* pagea); to

rummage,

sack, rake (* B.th.); to roll (* B.th.); to


Btir (* s.th.);

to (J against; Jl to); retum; (with foll. imperf.) to proceed

tum

to examine, study, scru(*,

auddenly to do
s.th.,

s.th.,

shift instantly to
|

tinize,

investigate

s.o.,

s.th.);

to

change over to s.th.

^aJ l^k

c_~Lj*1

ohunge, alter, turn, transform, convert,

(zahran li-batnin) to be turned topsy-

turvy

to

be

oompletely

devastated

transmute
B.th.)
|

(* s.th.,

* * s.th. to or into
rj*-^\ JI -Ujl to take the offensive
i_Jj

4j. (> *~

(yadaihi) to turn s.th.

around

in one's hands, fidget

with

s.th.;

qalb reversal, Inversion; overturn,

4m
one's
s.th.,

Ji (bi-'aqlihl) to turn B.th. over in

upheaval;

conversion,
;

transformation,

mind,

reflect

on

s.th.,

ponder
l_^t

transmutation

transposition (of letters),

brood over

s.th.;

JJ

*Ji

metathesis (gram.); perversion, change,


alteration ;

(zoAran li-bafam) to

tum s.th.
s.th.

completely

overthrow

(of

govern-

upside

down,

tum

topsy-turvy,

ment)
<_Ji qalb pl. <->j\j

turn

s.th.

over and over; aJ&'x-M (kaffaihi)

qtdb heart; middle,


essence;

to repent, be grieved; to be embarrassed;

oenter;

core,

gist,

marrow,
a^' <utu^

j^J\

4-i

i_Jj

(baara)

or Jti

oJ*

medulla, pith ; the best or choicest part

(nafara) to acrutinize, eye, regard B.th.

mind, soul,

apirit

o-V'

<-i* ?

to be

tumed around, be turned

over,

Begulua (Btar a in the oonstellation Leo;

788

_Ji

astron.);

^j*^\
i_JLJt

<_-li

oenter

forward

~tf

qallb changeable, variable, un-

(soccer);

Ijjj- auwaid' al-q. the

steady,

inconstant,

fickle,

wavering,

innermost of the heart, the bottom of


the
heart ;

vacillating; reversible, tiltable;


tip

dumper;

^UJI

Jn_.

,;

fainthearted,
,j-lj

wagon, skip

> j. ('araba) tipcart; rotary mixer


stirring

puaillanimoua, recreant, cowardly;

J#tiU- <->$* (Awd?)

-L5JI
less,

qsi

l-q.

hardhearted, callous,
cruel;
i^Jll

piti<j }tf

qallba

agitator,

merciless,
al-q.

jLJ qas*
chine
callousness,

ma-

wat

hardheartedness,
cruelty ;
i_,H S H

pitilessnesB,

^0 Lii

de-

_JJL

maqlab

pl.

,_J maqlib 2
pile,

(eg.)

jeotedness,

despondency, dispiritednesa,

refuse

dump, dump
;

dump;
joke

intrigue,

depreasion; ,_J| _^i


heart;
>_JLJl

(fahr*

l-q.)

by

Bcheme, plot April

fool's

-** j from the

bottom of

<-Jl* miqlab pl. i_JLi- maqlib 9


i-^J-j

the heart, most sincerely; *JiJ^ j with


all his

hoe
f.

heart ;

U Uj LU

qalban wa-qlaban

taqlib: J}\ ,_

^x*

'inda

tn-

with heart and soul; inwardly and outwardly; (jSLi\) oL^li qulubt (as-aukkar)
amall candies, lozengea

nazar on closer inspection or examination,

whea examined more

closely

i_JiJ taqallub pl. -t alteration, trans-

^
cerely
<_-U

qatbi of or pertaining to the heart,

formation, change; Variation; fluctuation


{of pricea)
;

heart- (in Compounds), cardiac, cardiacal; cordial, hearty,

changeableness, variableness,

warm,

sincere; LJi

unsteadiness, inconstancy, fiokleness; pl.


vicissitudea, ups
(7'aurct)

qalbiyan cordially, heartily, warmly, sin-

and downs

j^*-

L>

U*

change of weather; u-Jl jjfickle, capricious

very changeable, very


qvXb, qalb,
qilb

palm

pith,

palm
t-j^J
I

core (edible tuber growing at the upper

inqilb

upheaval

revolution,
alteration,
|

end of the palm trunk); qulb bracelet,


bangle
<Jj qalba (eg.) lapel;
(pl. -t)

overthrow,

bouleversement;

transformation, a measure
<_.>jiX

change; solstice

j\s

t-OJl/l tropic (geogr.)

of capacity (Tun,;
<_Jj

201)
agile,

maqlb tumed over, turned upin-

side quliab tending to change;

down, turned about, inverted,


reverse(d),
etc.;

adaptable, resourceful; versatile,


aided, of varied skills or talents
i_J
\j

many-

verse,

infolded
|

(bem,

seam); reciprocal (math.)

t-'jlli topsy-

turvy; upaide down; wrong side out; the


qlab, qlib pl. <-J\y qawlib 2

form
last,

other

way round,

reversely, oonversely,

mold; cake pan; model; matrix;


boot
tree,

vice versa

shoe tree

^~

,_Jli q,

jubn a
muiaqallib,
also
jl^L'Vl
i_
,

chunk or

loaf of cheese ; _^L* <_J L# q. sukkar

U%

sugarloaf; _jjL*
bar of soap ;

^JU
Ltf
{

q.

pbn a cake or

(J^^l
le,

or) wavering, vacillating,

change-

U Uj

qalban) with heart

able, variable, inconstant, unsteady, fick-

and

soul; inwardly

and outwardly
f.,

capricious
t-JJL.

<_-Jj qalib

m. and

munqalab (place of overthrow,

pl.

Uil aqliba,

_Ji
i.e.)

qulub,

jUi

qulbn well

the hereafter, the end one meets in

death, the

way of

all flesh, final

destiny;

<_^ii qalb

tending to change;

agile,

tropic

^jU

,_JtiL.

(Satawi)
(faifi)

Tropic of Tropic of

adaptable, resourceful; versatile,


eided

many-

Capricorn;

J^

^l.

Cancer

Ui
jj> qalbaq a
1

786

tall,

usually cylindrical, fr cap

.di.

muqaad

imitated,

imitation,

foiged, counterfeit (ed), fake, sham, spu-1* qalah

yellowness of the teeth


of the teeth
3

rious, false; tradition-bound


xAj\ iqlid pl. oJUl aqdli 2

-# qulh yellowneaa
*'*X

key

qauiaha

pl.

l\j

qawlih*

(eg.)

oob
(jil j-

(of

com, and the

like)

bahr al-qulzum the


i

Red Sea

*oJi II

to adorn with a necklace (U a woman)

Jj qalasa _r
II

(qals)

to belch, burp, eruct

to gird (a

s.o.

with)

to invest (a
(a

s.o.

to

bow

(J to s.o.); (eg.) to
at),

make fun

with an
office),

office),

appoint

s.o.

to an

<J* of), poke fun (J*


s.o., s.th.)

ridicule (Jp

award

{*

to

s.o.

a decoration,
s.o.

an order), confer
to grant (*
(a
s.o.

(*

upon

a rank);
'^jJi II to

put a cap
head)

{ij-JlS

qalansuwa, q.v.,

to

b.o.

a favor); to entrust
authority or power
*

on

s.o.'s

with the rule or government of


(

s.th.),

give

s.o.)

Lr
1

qala pl.
II

^j\i qxds hawser, cable, rope

(a
(

over

B.th.);

to follow blindly another's to

opinion ;

copy

ape ,

imitate

i (J

to molt

s.o.); to forge, counterfeit (* s.th.)

V to
o.s.
2

J^\Ju toqliS molting, molt

put on or wear a necklace, adorn


with a necklace; to gird
put
o.s.

^jM (Fr. galoche) galS


shoe

pl. -t

galosh, over-

{* with),

on

(*

s.th.)

to

take

upon

o.s.,

assume

(a s.th.); to take

over {a

s.th.,

j>il* qalSin pl.

3 J*.*^ qalHn puttee

esp. power, control,

government)
cr

* qalaa
diminish ;
decline;

(^j
to

qulp) to contract; to

!j^> qilda
pl.

pl.

il^ qal'id* necklace;

shrink (laundered garment); to decrease,

Jj^i exquisite poems

d windle,

fade,

wane,
recede

oll*

miqlad

pl. .Uli.

maqlid1 key
maqlid' key
|

to
|

become

shorter,

(shadow)
j^jUL.

<LU

miqld

pl. -Uli.

umH

(zilluh) his prestige

j^

-U Li. key positions, power ;

$X

declined;
II

it

decreased, dwindled, faded

-U Li.
to contract, to tuck

draw together up
(a s.th.)

(a s.th.);

m. al-hukm the reins of government or power; $Xi -ULI*


over
(the
reins
i-J (iaadama) of)

up,

roll

I;

totake

government, seize
JJI (alq)

power; jj-Vl -ULi^l


s.o.

to entrust
s.o.

umH\
*12j iJ

aqla$ 2 shorter
taqallu

with the management, put

in

contraction, shrinking,

Charge
dJju taqlid pl. oJUJ taqlid 3 imitation;

shrinkage
J*Ji qllf scrotal hernia
JaJ_J qilif afflicted

copying; blind, unquestioning adoption


(of concepts or ideas); uncritical faith

with scrotal hernia

a source's authoritativeness) adoption of the legal decision of a


(e.g.,

in

Jj

qaWa
root
s.th.)
;

(qal

to pluck out, tear out,


out, uproot (a s.th.); to

pull out,

weed

madhab

(Isl.

Law);

pl.

tradition;

Con-

out,

exterminate,

extirpate
|

(a

vention, custom, usage


j-L-LSJ

to take off (* clothes)

dj*- j* a*
II

taqlidi

traditional, cuatomary,

to pull out s.th. with the roots


out, tear out, pull out,
(a
s.th.);

to pluck

conventional ; based on uncritical faith


(e.g., in

weed

out, uproot

a source's authoritativeness)

to

root

out,

exterminate,

787

Jt
qalafn and

extirpate (* s.th.) IV to set

sail,

prepare

jjjiii

Vj^

qalafniya roain,

to

sail,

get under sail; to saU, put to

colophony

sea, depart {ship); to take off (airplane);

to

desist,
off,

abatain,

refrain

j*

from)

J gwKgw a

(qalaq) to totter,

be unsteady to
;

leave

abandon, give up, renounoe,


VIII to pluok out,

be or become uneasy, disquieted,


prehensive,
upset,

ap-

relinquish (j* s.th.)

anxious,

excited,

agitated,

tear
(*

out,
;

pull

out,

weed out, uproot


out,

perturbed,

troubled,

disturbed;

a.th.)

to

root

exterminate,

to be restless, be slcepless, pass a sleepless

extirpate (* a.th.)

night, find no sleep IV to trouble, worry,

alarm, disturb,

upset,

disconcert,

dis

Jj q*
ship)

pl.

fji qtu, 9^i qil'

aail (of

quiet, discompose, discomfit, discomfort,

Uli qal'a pl.

f^S qil', *j) qtd' fortress,

s.th.);

make uneasy or anxious *, s.o. to make restless, fill with un


(

stronghold, fort; citadel

easiness

or

anxiety,

perturb,
()

agitate,

?yS

quid* thrush, canker of the

mouth,

excite

( s.o.);

to rob s.o.

of his rest

ulcerative

Stomatitis,

stomacace (med.)
^J-l (humm) foot-

qalaq unrest, uneasiness, disquiet,

^^Ai

qul'i: i-t^Jl

alarm; agitation, excitement, perturbation; stir, Sensation; anxiety, apprehen-

and-mouth diseaae
iL. maqla'
quarry
pl.

siveness, apprehension, fear, worry, con-

Jli.

maqli'* stone

cern;
tience

restlessness;

sleeplessness ;

impa-

9^X*

miql' pl. ,-JLi. maqll' 1 slingshot,

J
sive,

qaliq uneasy, disquieted

apprehen-

sling; catapult

worried, concerned, anxious; agi-

f ^51 iqlS sailing, departure (of a ship)


take-off (of
J*Lj

tated, excited, perturbed, upset; disturbed,

an airplane)
smirch {*
s.th.)

troubled ;

restless ;

sleepless ;

im-

patient

qaVafa to

soil, sully,

3j\i qalq (eg.) restless


>j*li qul'f

a heretic
J^Ail

iqlq disquieting, troubling, per-

<_ili

qalafa

(qalf)

to hark {* a tree), atrip

turbation; disturbance
jii. muqliq intrigant, schemer, trouble-

the bark (* from a tree);

(qalf):

4li iJJj (qulfatak) to circumeise a.o.


<_ili qilf

maker
^Lilj qulqs
(coli.; n.

bark, rind (of a tree)


un.
;) pl. -t

a variety

Uli qulfa

pl. cJJi qlaf foreskin,

prepuce

of taro or elephant's ear (Colocasia anti-

^i qxdfa bark, rind


iJoI aqlaf2
s

{of

tree)

quorum;
Jili

bot.)

uneircumeised

qalqala

to

move,
(*,

commove, shake,
*

jJi

II to calk (*

a ship)

oonvulse, unsettle

s.o., (*,

s.th.);

to

disturb, trouble, harass


**yS qilja calking
a

s.o.; B.th.);
(*,
*

to dis quiet, alarm, excite, agitate

S-*JL

qalfa pl. -t (tun.) foreroan;

workman,

s.o., s.th.);
( s.o.);

to stir up, incite to rebellion

manual laborer
.Liii qalfafa

to pronounce accurately (the J)

II taqalqala to

be or get in a State of

to calk (* a ship);

(?.g.)

to do

commotion, be shaken, be convulsed,


be unsettled, be disturbed, be troubled,

Bloppy work, Bcamp, bungle

; ;

J
be disquieted, be alarmed, be excited, be agitated; to be Btirred up, be incited
to rebellion, be incensed, be rebellious; to move, budge (,> from one'a place),
atir;

Ju taqllm clipping, trimming, paring;


pruning, lopping (of trees)
|

^UiVl

manicure
11

to be ahaky, precarioua, inaecure

ed;

(eg.)

mvqaltam clipped, trimmed, prunetriped, streaked | jiiiil li* m.

(Situation)

af-zufr powerleas, helpleaa,


pl.
a

weak

JJ^S qalqil* unrest, excitement, agitation, eommotion; ahock,

iUU

qalqala

iil

aqlama to aeclimate, aeclimatize, adapt,


adjust II ta aqlama to aeclimatize
-l iqllm
pl. Jlil (o.a.)

convulaion, concusaion; diaturbance

aqalim 2 area, region;

;!

jl;

(eg.)

qulqela pl. -t clod,

lump of

province; administrative diatriot (Eg.


<tjX>);

earth
JJ* muqalqal in a state of

JUVt the country,

countryside,

eommotion,
etc.;

provinces (aa oppoaed to the city)


--Jjl

agitated,

shaken,

unsettled,

un-

iqllmi climatic; regional, local;


|

stable, inconatant,

unateady

territorial

UJiVl

Lll (miyk) territorial

waters, coastal waters


i ii

qalama
etc.),

(qalm) to cut, clip, pare (* naila,


trim,
_^lil

prune,
|

lop
i*

(*

trees,

etc.)

jlx qalandr wandoring derviBh, calender


-ili II

II do.

****

(azra kapmihi) to

taqalnasa to wear a cap


..

neutraze, disarm one's Opponent


i*

;.

;!?

qalansuwa and
qalnis 2 ,

4 ,.-li* :

qulansiya
tall

qalam

pl.

v^l aqlm reed pen pen


;

pl.

^^i

^-w^ ^atms 3

writing, Script, calligraphic style, duetus;

headgear, tiara, eidaria; hood, cowl, ca-

handwriting Btyle
;

office,

bureau, agency,
counter;
item,

puche; cap
(_*

department;
entry (com.);
(eg.)

window,
(eg.)

stripe,
|

atreak, ne;

and

Ji)

"5

gaZ

alap in the face


jJ-l

**ii bi-qalamihi

(jaZy) to fry,

w (gaJ>) and J graZ bake, roaat (* a.th.);


(JJ giTan,

writtenbyhim;
pen;

JiU

j*-

pq. al-hibr fountain J^i j*(jjf) and p


i editor's office,

^j qal

(^ qilan, "# qal'), J qal

and J ?ak'ya o

gaZ', i-li.
(

ball-point pen; ^j*^^

magftya) to hate, loathe, detest

s.o.)

editing
traffio

room;

<f>l

p
i

q. 2

al-haraka
al-kiabt
(l*

Ji qilw, J qilan, qily alkali, base, lye


(ehem.)
,^jJj

bureau; oLjlA-l

acoounting department; SjliVl

q- <&-

idra administration offioe, head office;

qilwl alkaline, basic; olj^LiJl al-

^U^jJl

i*

q. ar-raaa pencil; i*

i^L-Jl

qilwyt the basea (ehem.)

p
It-^i

travel agency; C->UtA^-V'

Information

qallya

frying

vesael,

cooking

bureau; ol*j-ill
offioe; ^IjfcJUl

presa

and Information
atatistics,

veasel; see also


Li*

below

bureau of vital

mxqlan and

V&*

miqlh

pl. Jli.

(G.B.) (general) register offioe; ^Ull


q. al-huttdb clerical office;

maqlin frying pan


lii; taqliya (eg.) Bauce

O *ri^' p ?*
Board

al-kbiya indelible pencil, copying pencil

made

of gavlic,

jjjL\

(Eg.) Traffio Control


pl. -t

coriander and melted butter and aerved


aa a condiment

i.-^ qulma

clippings, outtings,
jjiS

parings, ahavings ; nail cuttinga

qalwaza to wind (the turban)

\Ui* miqlama pl.

-t

pen case

jjj*$S see under bj)S

789

jjl

qalwaza

to join with sorews,

Borew

qamara

(gamr) to gamble;
{ s.o.);

u to

together
j jjii (also

defeat in gambling

paes. qumtra

jjj^i) qalvriif ship'a pilot

to lose in gambling;
to be or

gamira a (gamr)
II to toaat
s.o.);
(*

Borew
l

become snow-blind
gamble
{->

(* bread) III to ly^S

with

to

qaUya (monk's)

cell;

reeidence of the

stake,

rik,

hazord

s.th.);

to bet,

Coptic Patriarch
'Li* qitliya (monk's) cell j

speculate (J* on) | _^U-'I jI^J-I J# j\i (jawd) to bet on the wrong horse IT to

be moonlit (night) VI to gamble with one

gamma u (qamm)
<i

to sweep (* s.th.)
-J

another

qimma

pl.

qimam
|

top, summit,
<*

peak, acme, apex

<jJ\

?
**

ar-ra'
9-

gamar snow blindness;

(pl.

jUI
rtJJl

crown of tho head;

O *r^'
;

aqmr) moon;
'"

satellite (astron.);

l_

mauja wave peak


aJ-g.)
l-Jl

al-qamarn aun and

(el.)

<Jii\

j-*- ^a (Aoaan
Jl
"^
1

he

ia

well-built;

^^1

^
Jl

j*

ad-din a kind of jelly


finely

^4Jl q. moon made from apricots

(afcmasi l-qadam) or

^^

<*JJI

ground and dried in the snn;

i~tT paraselene,

mock moon

(astron.);

from head to toe


jJ\

Je

hajar

al-q. selenite (min.)

tjjqumma sweepings,
garbage
j

rubbiah, refuse,
al-q.

<.|

JI

<5jX-<*

Bundq

gar-

i qamara
(as

(n.

un.)

pl.

-t

crescent
(eg.)

bago bin
jrU
i*i.

an emblem on a uniform) ;
(eg.)

moonlight;

akylight;

see

also

gam'tm swoepings, rubbish


1

below
<jji

miflamma

pl.

>U.

maqmm1 broom
to be Uttle,
to
feel

qamari of or pertaining to the


|

qamu'a
lowly,

(J.

qam*a)

moon, moon-shaped, moonlike, lunar


*ij+j}\
i)_ *iJi

despised,

despicable ;

j*-iM (aShvr) the lunar montha;

inferior, feel worthless

ujj^l the moon


qvmri
(coli.;

letters (gram.)

J gamf

'

lowly,

little,

small ;

in-

&

n.

nn.

pl.

^jli

ignifioant, of little value


;Li

qamriy a variety of turtledove

qam*a lowlinesa,

littleness,

smaU-

i J
~*j

laita

qamira moonlit night


pl. -t
(eg.)

ness; insignificance, puniness, inferiority,

qamariya

skylight,

despicability

smaU window
pay an
Jl
install>% *\ qamr moonlight

II

to give a portion only,


(

ment
ear,

to

s.o.)

IV to put forth ears,


|

ripen (grain)

<Jb

(bi-anfihf)

j-J

qamir

pl. jlil

aqmr fellow gambler,

to be proud, bear one's head high j


(

gambling partner, gambler

qamk whoat

aqmar1

f.

1^

qamr'*

moonlit

yJ qamhi wheat-oolored, wheaten


qamha
(inEg.
r-Li

(night);

moon -white,
maqmar and

bright, whitish
~j+l*

pl.

-t

wheat kernel; grain


*/

j+1*

maqmara

pl.

.04875 g

K?)
the

jU. maqmir1 gambling houae, gambling


hell

l_^i

iahr

qumh (qimh)

two

coldest

montha of winter
grain

jlj

qimr t-J
ill

gambling

bet,

wager

r-Li

qammh

merchant,

com

jljill

lat la'b al-q, slot

maohine

ohandler

*j\ju

muqmara gambling

790

jt'fi-

muqammir, jljjfS" j*ju

(kahrab'i)

mantle

of;

fig.);

to tranamigrate, pasa
(spirit),

toaater

into another

body
body)
pl.

materialize

j*

mxtqamtnar

{eg.)

toast,

toaated

{* in another

bread
j\jl

(J

^J

qaml

l_

f^J

qumup,

i-*JI

muqmir gambler

aqmi$a, uL*J qumpn ahirt; dresa, gown;


oovering,
cover,
case,

wrap, envelope,

j*i.

muqmir moonlit
camera)

(night)

jacket; (Chr.) alb, aurplice, rchet; in-

{It.

qamara, qamra

carnation
pl. -t

jf_^1

^,+3 (ifranjt) day shirt,


iJ

berth, bunk, cabin, stateroom

upper

ahirt; fjJi

^J

q.

an-naum night-

gown
<j

gumrug
(tun.)

pl

j j li

gamrig*

customa

ujl1.J

taqmi

and uaJu taqammitf

transmigration of bouIs, metempsychos


i

qamaza u

(qamz)

to take with the

'(j^i

qummuf

pl. -a-LS

qammifa

archprieat,

fingertipa (* s.th.)

hegumen
to dip,

(Copt.-Ckr.)

J qamasa u

(qams)

immerse,

.U qamaja u
to

(qamt) to swaddle

a baby);
dresa,

soak, steep (j * s.th. in)

fetter,

shackle

s.o.);

to

^_y& qms

pl.
(

rJ-'_>* qawmltP ocean

bandage (* a wound)
Jai

II do.

dictionary, lexicon

qimf

pl. -ULS1

aqmf rope,

fetter
(e#.)

*j*

qaumas pl. _r-lji jottmw" depths


(

iL*
i*li

qamfa a kind of kerchief


$tma#
pl. -t,

of the

sea;

pl.

mishaps,

misfortunea,

adveraitiea

U qumuf,

Uli

aqmi}a

swaddle, diaper
1

JJ qamaSa u
^ili
offal,

(qamS) to pick up, gather

jLi qimafr, qim^ar


tacle for atoring
refuse,

pl.

^15 gamjir* recep;

up, collect (* nibbiah) II do.

books

aatchel

qumS rubbish, garbage,


traeh,

junk;

(pl.
|

Uli
CoJI

aqmUa)
^li
q.

qama'a a (qam') to

tarne,

curb, bridle,

fabric,
af-baif

material,

cloth

restrain, check, suppresa, repreas,


(*, s.o., a.th.);
s.o.

subdue

household
the

effecta, furniture; ^Jli

to hinder, prevent

(^

^.Ul
raff ^ili
2

acum

of

the

earth,

riff-

from)
(a of

II

(eg.)

to cut off the upper

end

an okra) IV

qammS

draper, cloth merchant

qam' represaion, suppreaaion, curb-

ing, prevention; taming, subdual, quell-

i qamSa
cowhide

(eg.) atrap, thong; leather whip,

ing, subjection *i

qamf

(-r

a5

qamapa u

(qamp,

qttmf, qimft)

funnel;
fruit);

qim* t qima'
(pl.

pl.

9-lJI

aqma

f
|

gum') stem (of a

to gallop; to spring, jump, leap, bound; to kick II do.


aj _r

pericarp
jlSL-JI

-WJ-'I > q. al-kayyf

thimble;

*j cigar

butt

qam$ gallop
( a.o.)

J qamqama and
V
to
ahirt; to

II

JLJu taqamqama to

oomplain, grumble, mutter


*J
aIj

^i II to clothe with a ahirt

put on or wear a

be clothed,
attire
(*
o.a.,

qumqum and <* qumquma


jam^t'm 3

pl.

be vested

{*
(*

with),
in),

dresa,
o.a.

bulgy.

long-necked

wrap

o.a.

cloak

in

the

bottle

791

Ji

qamila a

(qamal)
lice

to

be lice-infested,

atatutes, Constitution ;jbi-l jJJI (jin'%)

teem with
Jj qaml

do.

criminal law,
I)

penal law;

Ji^^l y\i
law;

(coli.; n.

un.

louse

4_jiiJl (sakalya) personal atatute; ^jUJI

^j^r-jJI
Jj-ill

(duatri)

constitutional

Jj gamil louay, lice-infeated

yUJI (duwall) international law;


_jj
q.

J*i.
l

muqammal

lice-infested

oLaJI^J.!

al-murfa't

code

of

procedure
Ji

(jur.; Eg.); j\\J*\ Jj--l

yli
q.

to intend, purpose, propoae (* to do

~<Syd-\

do. (Syr.);

jjlj^l <iUl

^U

s.th.)

as-silk al-idri administrative law; y\S


-

^y
B.th.)

qamin worthy,

deserving

(_*

of

tSjlff
(J-ill

(kimwi) chemical formula; jJUJI

{madanl)
Ij

civil

law
;

^3 qamin worthy
(i-j

{._<

of),
(<_j);

adequate
fit(ting),

JjJ

qnnl canonical

legal, statutory

to),

in

keeping with
auitable

lawful, legitimate,

licit,

accordant with
legist,

appropriate,

(^

for),

capable

law or regulationa, valid, regulr;


jurisprudent, Jurist
|

(V
t

of)
(J to), appro-

J>Jl*

Jx_^

(saidali)

yJu maqman adequate


fit

certifiedandlicensedpharmaciflt;(J>JL*
illegal

j*

priate, suited, auitable,

(J for)
<Jjj\j

qnnlya
taqnin

legality, lawfulneas

"J\i

qamin and cJ qamina

pl. -i kiln, fur-

naoe
1
(

J\ilj

legislation,

lawmaking;

codification

{jur.);

regulation

by law;

J qunn
house

pl.

OL* gtnn chicken coop, chicken

rationing
{JX*

muqannin

legislative,

lawmaking;

^ qinn pl. uLi"!


eerf

aqnn,

l aqinna

slave,

lawgivcr, lawmaker, legialator


,jIm

muqannan determined,

fixed

jmno galbanum qunna


J^J

{bot.)

jU
uL* qinn,

qni' blood-red, deep-red


^-Jj-Jl JLJ the

pl. -(, 0*' qy-nan,

yi qunn mountaintop, aummit, peak qunna


slavery, serfdom
pl.
lii

JUS qanl canal


,

Suez Canal

J qanb

pl.

^y*

qunb calyx

i^j qinnina

jannt bottle,

^jj qunnab, qinnab


indica;
bot.)
|
<

hemp

(Cannabis

glass bottle; flask, flacon, vial


2

>.*

SJl

Ja-j^

kait al-q.

hemp

rope, strig, cord, twine, packthread


Ji II to

make

laws, legislate; to determine,


j^J qinnabi

fix (* s.th.)

hempen, hemp
pl. <_JlJi*

(adj.)

jjJlJ

qnn

pl. ^jj^

qawnin 2 canon;

c-J-4-

miqnab

maqnib 2 troop

eatablished principle, basic rule, axiom,

of horsemen

norm, regulation,

rule,

ordinance, pre-

^LJ qunbr
2

(ir.)

bast rg, bast runner


un.
I) pl.

script, precept, Statute;

law; code; tax,

impost; (Tun.) tax on olives and datea;


a stringed musical instrument resembling the zither, with a shallow, trapezoidal

jd

qunbur

(coli.; n.

j\ qanbir 7

lark (200?.)
3

ljCJ

qunbura

pl.

jVJ qanbir* bomb


|

sound box,
former
|

aet horizontally before the per(assi) basic con-

(^-L-^l ^jUJI

*jj^S qunbr

hump, hunch

j^-J y}

"
'

stitutional

law;

Statutes;

j--I Lr

y\j

qunbr hunchback

792

jLJ qunbz
front

pl.

j^li qanblz*

(*yr.)

a long,
in

4fijj
[

qumu'a,

qanzaa,

qinxCa

pl.

jUi
crest

sleeved garment

worn by men, open


belt

gandz'* tuft of hair; cock's

comb,

and fastened with a

of a rooater
-*J qanafia
i

ijjj qanbal and ILU qanbala pl. Jibi qanbiP

(qanf)

and VIII to hunt, Bhoot,


hunt up
to
o.s.

troop of horsemen; troop, group, band


J-J ganiwja to
11 -;
.
, ,

bag
hold

(* s.th.); to
(*

(* s.th.), get

of

B.th.);

make

use,

take

bomb

(* s.th.)

advantage,

avail

(J>jj\
al-furpa

of the of
the

qunbvia
shell;

pl.

JjU

^atwSWi1
|

bomb,
*lfi

circumstances,

l^iJl

bomb

grenade, ahell

jU

opportunity, and the like)


lj

inoendiary

bomb

i ji *LJ

{darriya)

qan$ hunting, shooting, hont

atomio bomb,

A bomb;

ijjU -ii (gzlya)

ijmJ qanaf quarry, bag,

game

gas bomb, gas shell; JL iLJ (m'iya)

depth Charge; <i^*


diaiy

*1~* (mu/irigo) incen-

^j^i qanif game, quany, bag, catch;


hunter

bomb;

i^-Jc*

-
;

(mun/a;tra)

high-explosive

bomb

4-L^-j jJ.

*LJ

^\J qann?

pl.

<*\J qannfa hunter


qunnf hunter

(Aatdfjmtyo) hydrogen
aJI

bomb,

bomb;

ibJ

3.

oZ-yod or jj- Lj (yodotrfya)

^U qni#
O

pl.

^ki

hand grenade
S,t
,

l^aj\j qnifia pl.

yj^y qawnty gizzard


tank destroyer

'V

Jj-'LU

f'tra

muganiitZa bomber;

*-*J^ gdntpa pl. -<B

Cj^Lii*

bombers

(Syr.;m.)
,j*ja maqnvf quarry, bag, catch

L,;'i

yunnaiy cauliflower

C-J qanaia

(0_^i yun*) to be obedient,

JJ yunptd pl J-Ui gonptP consul


J
.-''!

wj

and

submissive, humble

J-^JUl JsTj vice-consul; JJ

aU fdmrn) oonsal

general

o^i

yunfi* obedience to

God

humility
J.-?

gunfutt consular

before God, devoutneas, piety

iA-mJ

qunpuliya

pl.

# eonsulate

^j gonja pl.
oJ gand

-dt, j-L* '?

Nile boat

<*U JLJ fmma) oonsulate general

pl. jjJ yunfid hard orystalline maas formed by evaporating or boing oane

y^,M'i qunpult eonsulate


J*J ganifo a (ganaf), ganafa

sugar, candy
j^Jt*

(.Ujtf

gunf)

maqnd and xJk mugannad sweet-

u (*LUj gandfa) to despair, despond, beeome disheartened, be withand


qanitfa

ened with qand


out hope, lose
all

eourage

II to drive to
(
s.o.)

jxi qunduz and

^oJ

gundu* beaver
1

despair, diahearten,

discourage

IV do.

jxi qandaq
butt

pl.

jU ganddt? gunstock, rte


]*i

qana$

and ijtf

guttut

despair,

despondeney, dasperateneas, hopeleasneu


cJtixS qandala pl. -fya sextan, sacristan
(CAr.)

Uj

gamif

and i->i

flanfif

despairing,

desperate, despondant, diaheartened, dis-

JjXj gwuftU aspalathua

{bct.)

eonaged
ili

J>xi gimi pl J>jLJ goNddZP lamp; tick; oandelabnim

ffa deapring, deaperate,

de-

r*
l

J^i gcmfara to

arch, span, vault (* s.th.)


pl.

4pLj qan'a satisfaction; contentment,

Jm qanfara

2 Jk>bJ qanfir

arched

content, contentedness ; frugality, tem-

bridge, stone bridge; vault, aroh; arch-

perance, moderation
*jj

way, arcade; arches, viaduct, aqueduct


(esp.

qanV

satisfied, content,

contented;

plOjdamjWeirjlJjlj^ !^k^ regulator,

temperate, moderate, abatemious

regulating device (at a canal, esp. in the

Egyptian irrigation syatem)

fbi qin'
;

pl. jj
(pl.

qunu* arms, weapons,


aqni'a,
veil ;

ij^ri-'

_^Lill

armor;
qin&'t)

S*Jl

also

(katriya) the Barrages, at the entrance


veil,

oUUi
peri-

head

of the Nile delta, about 15 milea north of

cardium

Cairo
jlcju

jlj fL (wqin)
pl.

mask ; gas mask

muqanfar vaulted,

fjZ
arched, ar-

qan"
(i^

qunu"

satisfied,

content
perate

caded

with); frugal, modest, tem-

jkj qanfara to posseas tremendous


jlkJ qin}r
pl.

riches

*ii.

magna* sufficiency

*J

*ii ilii

^bi

qanfir2 kantar, a
rafl (in

that

is

enough

for

Mm,

he

may

content

varying weight of 100 JUj


44.93 kg,
in

Eg.

in

himself with that


f-bil

Tunisia
|

=
;

53.9 kg,

Syria
fara)

iqn' satisfying, satisfaction, cons.o.);

256.4 kg)

ijd* j-jLLi (muqarw


tremendous

tenting (of

persuasion; convincing,

accumulated riches

convincement, conviction

sums
*i taqannu
jjjjlki qinfriyn centaury (Erythrea

mummery, masquerade

centauricum
*+JJ qanfarma

bot.)

f-Ll iqtin' satisfaction, contentment,

content,
pl. -t snaffle,

contentedness ; conviction

bridoon

convinced ness)
J qni' satisfied, content
li.
(<_;

m qani'a a {qana, lc! qurin, ieL qan'a)


to content
(<->

with)

o.g.,

be content, be

Batisfied

muqanna' veiled; masked

with); to be convinced II to

mask

(*

the face); to Teil

(*

the face,

*^i.

muqtanV

satisfied,

content

{^

woman); to
of);

satisfy, content

with); convinced
s.o.),
(i_j

give
b.o.

satisfaction ( to); to convince

jjj qunfud
_^Jl
sea
fish

plq.

-L*

qanfid*

hedgehog

to persuade
(

< s.o.)

IV to content,
(

al-bahr or

gj* Xki
zool.)
;

(bahri)

satisfy

s.o.),

give Batisfaotion

to);

urchin

(Echinus
zool.)

porcupine

to convince
{<-
*

( B.o.);

to induce, persuade
(i_j

(Diodon;

s.o.

to

do

s.th.), prevail

upon

s.o.

to do

s.th.)

to

mask

or oonceal

j qangar kangaroo
Jbj look up alphabetically
1

one's face; to veil one's face, be veiled,

wear a
content
of)

veil
(<-

VIII

to

content

o.a.,

be
(i_<

with); to be convinced

-j

qanijna

a (qanam) to be or bocome

rancid, rank
pl.
f-LSl

j qin' armor

aqua arms, weapons,

<*yj

qannma sacred

fish

(Mormyrus

oxyrhynchus)
*fjil

*J qana' contentment, content, contentedneBB; frugality, moderation, tem-

uqnm
of

pl.

-JUI

aqnlm* hypostaals,
(Chr.);

pereon

the

Trinity

basio

perance, abstemiousness

element, substance, subsistent principle

?
(_jj

794

and

Ji)

qan

u (ja
one'a

qanw, qunw,

cion,

force;

(eg.)

annoyance,

trouble,

IjJ qunwa, \_yi


appropriate,

qunwn) to acquire,

sorrow, grief;

l_^i

qahran forcibly, by

make
UJ

own

(> s.th.);

force ; perforce, of necessity


*>**

to possess, own, have (* s.th.);

qan

(qany,
s.th.);

J* qunyn) to acquire,

quhra compulsion, coercion, con-

gain (*

JJ

straint, force

qaniya a (LS qanan)


ij
1ahri
compelling,

conpulsory,
forced
|

to be hooked, aquiline (nose) II to dig


(a

canal)

VIII to acquire (* s.th.); to

mandatory, coercive;
i> -jj

forcible,

1.1Jj

forced

smile ;

get, procure, purchase (* s.th.)

j^

>_-j

(sabab) compelling reason

j qunw, qinw
bunch of datea

pl. bil

aqn', \yj
y*li qahir forcible, cogent,

qunwn, qinwn, o\

qunyn, qinyn

overpower-

ing, irresistible ;

vanquisher, conqueror,

victor; j*UUI the planet


jklill

Mars
al-

yJ qunwa, qinwa appropriation, acquisition;

property

in

livestock,

wealth,

r^>

misr al-qhira or SykUli

fortune, possessions, property

qhira Cairo
ij^li qhirl Cairene;
jL#*
jl+iJl
(pl.

-n) a Cairene

<J
;L5
qin',

qunya, qinya acquisition, property

qahhr conquering, vanquishing;


the Subduer, the Almighty (God)
pl. i.jLj

qanh

pl.

oljJ qanawt,

^ qanan, qunxy, U oLi qanayt spear,

(bamboo) lance; shaft; tube, duct, pipe;

jL_^ qahramn

qahrima steward,

(pl. <jj\

aqniya, j\yi qanawt) canal;


|

butler, household
ijl.j4

manager

stream,

waterway

oua *U
LJ
3-

(dam'lya)
al-'alam

qahramna (woman) housekeeper

lachrymal canal;
flagpole;
4j"U#

JJI

cJV

Jnat qantuh

to

jjL^ qahqara to
fall

move backward, go back,


withdraw
;

soften, relent; to yield, give in

back,

retreat,

to

fall

ijU gont/o
runnel, canal

pl. -(

Bmall Btream, rivulet,

behind, lag behind; to recede, retrogresa,


retrograde, decline, degenerate, deteriorate II iaqahqara do.

O
^jl

V-*

qunayya cannula
5

l|i

qahqara

backward movement,
fall-

aqn

bent,

curved,

crooked,

recedence, recession, retrogression,

hooked
Ll iqtin' purchase, acquisition
li

back,

retreat ;

decline,

retrogradation,

degeneration
lS

qnin

pl.

i-J^

<??ya possessor,

yH* qahqara backward movement,


fall-

owner; see also alphabetically


Jil. m^tonon
pl.

recedence, recession, retrogression,

oLJ muqtanayt

back,

retreat;
|

decline,

retrogradation,
to fall back,

degeneration
retreat,

thing acquired, acquisition


_^j qahara a
{qahr) to subject, subjugate,

^Ji^

withdraw
taqahqur regress,
retrogression,
recession, relag,

JnJ
cedence,
retreat
A^i

conquer,
s.th.); to

vanquish,

defeat

(*,

s.o.,

fallback,

subdue, overpower, overwhelm,


(a,
.

overcome

s.o.,
*

s.th.);

to

force,

compel, coerce (J*

s.o. to)

qahqaha to laugh boisterously, gufFaw


"^ Aji

qahr vanquishing, subdual, sub-

qahqaha loud burst of laughter,

jection,

subjugation; compulsion, coer-

gufFaw, horselaugh

795

!j4

qahwa

coffee; (pl.
cafe,

qahawt and
|

tfjU*
;_^i

CjjJ taqawumt nutrition,

amentation

qahwi)
coffee

coffeehouse

oU

without sugar
joAtwMt, qahawti pl. -iya (ayr.)
({J)

i-l al-muqit the Feeder, the Nourisher

(God)
l_4

coffeehouae owner

{ qha u
sweep

(qauk) to fester, suppurate,

swell (wound); to

sweep

(*

the house)

l\M* JoAwoj coffeehouse owner; coffee cook


jjfi

II to

(* the

house) III to quarrel,

pick a quarrel
swell
i*-Li

to fester, suppurate,

nuwjAan and

ilfJu

maqhh

pl. Li.

maqakin
ijLji.

cafe, coffeehouse

qha

pl.

-^5

qh courtyard

nww^dya (yem.) caf, coffeehouse


(*ji)
-iL*

qda u (qaud, iL qiyd, IjL qiyda,

goAiya a: fLUI
j-UJI

^ ^1 to have
u

(^'m) and IV
appetite

~**\*

maqda) to lead, lead by a halter


to conduct, guide,
engineer,

little

{*

s.th.);

*U qhin supplied with provisions


i^j) <_j^ qha
{qaub) to dig; to dig up,

steer (* a.th.); to drive, steer (* e.g.,

an

automobile),

pilot

(*

an airplane); to
(

pander,
retaliate
follow,

pimp IV to cause
obey
(J
s.o.),

s.o.)

to to
(J

burrow,

excavate,
II do.

hollow

out

(*

the

VII to be led, be guided;


yield,

ground)

to break open, burst

Bubmit

open (egg)
<_j l qb Bmall distance, short span (between the middle and the end of a bow) J*-ji <-jLj J* (q. qausain) quite near, very cloae; imminent; i^ ,_jlj Jp (q.
|

to

s.o.)

VIII to lead;

to be led

to

retaliate
iji

qaud leadership; pandering, pimp-

ing

lamka) in a
-jjj

moment
pl.
< i[yl

sy qawad
jlji

retaljation

qvb

aqwb young

bird,

qawwd pander, pimp, procurer

chick
Ljj

ijji

qad

tractable, docile, amenable,

qb\ quwab' 1 and


pl.

4j_ji

jfia,

manageable; trained (horse)


sy\ aqwad 2 tractable, docile, amenable,

quwaba

^^i juwad

tetter (med.)

(oy) ol
feed,
(

gto

(jau/, g*.

iL giyto) to

manageable
jLJ qiyd leadership, guidance; leading
rope, halter jLJI
|
(

nourish, aubBist, sustain, support

s.o.),

provide for the support


do.

(.

of)

_r

-L-

mUs al-q. tractable,


pliant;

II

and IV

Vto
(i->
;

be fed, be supported;

docile,

amenable,

manageable,

to feed, livo
s.th.)

on

s.th.);

to eat

(w

iLl <_^u* pa'b

al-q. intractable,

unruly,

VIII do.

to take in or absorb as

ungovernable

nourishment

{* s.th.)

oLi qiyda
ing,

leadership, guidance; driv-

o'i qt kat (Catha edulis Forskal; bot);


the leaves of this hrub which act as an

steering,
|

steerage

(of

vehicle);

command

(lJI or)

UJ

LiJI {'uly,
;

excitant

when chewed

jL*_^l

ol

q.

'mma) supreme command


'ajalat al-q. steering

oLJI

iL*

ar-ru'yn a variety of lettuce (Lactuca inermis Forsk.; bot.)

wheel (of an auto-

mobile)
.ijJL*

Csy

qt

pl.

j\y\

aqwt nutriment,
food,

miqwad
leading

pl. jjli.

maqwid7 leading
halter;

aliment,
O^Jl a\j*

nourishment,

viands

rope,

rein,

steering

mawdd

al-q. foodstuffs

mechanism; steering wheel

*y
^\Ju\

796

inqiyd obedience, compliance,

yielding, submieeion

crooked

qawisa a (qawas) to be bent, curved, I; to bend, curve, crook II

uJU q'id pl. jlji quwwd,


;^l#

quunvad,

(a s.th.); to Bhoot

=
f.,

I;

to bend

qda, c>\i\i qdt leader; director,


chief;

manager; head,

Commander, comofficer,

qaus m. and

pl.

^\
;

aqws,
;

qusiy, qity bow,

longbow arc (geom.

mandant;

high-ranking

senior
officer

arch, vault (arcA.; of a bridge); violin

officer; oaid, native

governmental

bow,

fiddleetick ; semiciroular table;

beading a caidate in Tuniaia; ateeraman,

parenthesea (punctuation marks);

OUy ^$
|

helmaman
er of

,J~\

oJIj q. al-jaii

an army, general; *U supreme Commander; J*Vl

Jjli

Commandmm) (
r

Sagitta, the Archer (sign of the zodiac)

-tfUJl

(a'l)

,>-ji ,>! (qauaain) in parentheses; q. an-j q. quzaha rainbow; JixJI

commander-in-chief of the Eg. navy; Sj^i.1 J-UU^I (U Olli filrom, jawtnya)


lieutenant
(Eg. 1939);

nadf teaaing
cotton);

bow

(for

combing or carding

^1
is

general

of

tbe
Oj'

Air

Force

arch;
f\ q.
(lit.

jU

i^l

J-W-^H

(pwulya)

fabri
:

triumphal tf g.an-nafr ^ j Ja \ & yabqa minza my patience is at an end


<sj~0

major general of the Air Force (Eg. 1939) tw^i jouwi colonel of the tfj. JjL-l oJU g.
Air Force
(ff.

there

no arrow

left for

the

bow

of

my patience)

1939)

y-

\ -aJ lieuten-

ant colonel of the Air Force (Eg. 1939); jJIS g. Jirga ;awwlya major of the ijj*.

qawws

bowmaker;

bowman,

archer; kavass, consular guard

Air Force (Eg. 1939);

^U-

Jt\i q.
*->_r"

janh
**^
9-

<-i quwaisa sage


j-jju

(bot.)

wing Commander (Eg. 1939);

muqawwaa

bent, crooked, curved,

r& captain of the Air Force (Eg. 1939);


JJt\ oli
g. aZ-Jbr

arched

leading thinkers
hole (* in s.th.); to

II

to

make a round

J, qi

pl. J>\\ aqwS crupper saddle or haraess); Btrap, girth

(of the

gouge, Bcoop out, hollow out (a B.th.); to out out in a round form, cut round
(a s.th.)

J,jj\j
cell

qwS

pl.

Jj qauMwiP prison

V to

coil (snake)

VIII jUl and

jjl iqtawara
jl

=
-<K,

II

D
jl jj girdn hUl;

u^ly qatmot

Bee

^ qawws
av/ to demoli8h tear
(*

gr pitch; tar

5jU qra pl.

j qr,

(u^y) u^ ** 5^ down, wreck, raze


(* a tent)

a building), trike
(a a.th.); to

see also qrra under


jji.
r

U do.; to

break off

mtgunnx gouge
taquAr gouging, hollowing out

smash
in; to

(a B.th.)

V to be demolished, undercollapse, fall in, cave

go demolition; to

ij

break up, acatter, disperBe (crowd)


in,

'j taqwira neckline (of a garment)

to deaist (j* from), give

give

way

ju muqawwar
form;
gouged,

cut out in a round ^ii taqwi4 wrecking, demolition; deBtniction, annihilation


i^ijli.

kollowed out, soooped

out; chiseled out; low-out, low-necked,

decoUete (dresa)

muqwafa

barter,

exchange,

i*j qawurma
small
(gar')

(eg.)

matton or beef cut and tomatoes

in

interohange
l

pieces

and braised with squaah

or onions

qaut pl- ^lyl aqwt flock of aheep

797

Jy
for),

'ijj al-qt the

Gotha

be the proponent
dogma); to

(i_*

of a doo-

^ qfi Gothjo
''Iji

trine or

allege (vs.th.);
s.o.,
|

with
of

J: to speak against
qaufa
small

speak

ill

basket for fruit;

date

s.o.,

teil lies

about

s.o.

<j
jl

Jli (61-ro'.

basket
*"<l*ji

m'M) to motion with the head, signal,


(eg.)

qfa

tomatoes
;jl*=5

beckon; JiU
proverb
says;

J-i
jl
. .

qlla

Imatal the

Jli
.,

(j) !* '"' pl "

qlan /' "4"'. Hjl


'

cannot
that
. . . ;

say
Ji
jl

that

^j (inno) one let no one say


say

oyto"

piain,

lowland;

bottom,

lowest
(of

au qtd

or, or rather, or

part;

wave trough
|

(p*ys.); floor
_^JI l! 5.

even

...;

.j Ji. Jij (wa-qvl

mla) or

mine); gulf, abysa


river bed; JI
**l*

an-noir

hi Jij or

J! illiT, the

same must be
be
Said

the Netherlands

said
of...,

about..., the same can


the

q'a

pl.

-/

paved

courtyard;
hall;
s.o.);

same
dispute,
(

applies

to...

III
(

to

entrance

hall,

Vestible, corridor;
~t\j

confer, parley, treat, negotiate

with
to

sizableroom[ol^WI
^j-fcjl
pUUJI
4*1*

q.al-muhtart

to

wrangle,

argue;

lecture hall, auditorium (of a university) lecture

haggle, bargain
price); to

with

s.o.,

about the

room,

classroom;

ip

q.

af-fa'm

dining
al-'ari

room;
throne

bargain,
fabricate

make a make a
lies,

contract; to conclude a

deal

(.

with

s.o.)

to

messhall;

J.jJ>\
"<t-\j

IS
q.

q.

room;

s.o.);
*jJJ.I

al-mvtala'a reading

to
I

spread rumors (J* about pretend, allege, purport (t


1

room, study
hall,

hall;

^ly^l li banquet

8 - th

JJ-J 1

!/

J>"

{aqwila)

to talk
radio)

ballroom oja u (qauq) to cackle, cluck (hen)

fooshly

O to

render (voice

by

J-ij Jli ql wa-qil

and

Jlij

'( jj)

jli

JJ

qxl iva-qi

Udo.
jli

long palaver; idle talk, prattle, gossip


Uli qla speech, talk
|

?dg

pl.

lSJ qxqn
(zoof.)

(*yr.)

raven
|

JJJI

j^

ifi"

al-q.

Hl jli

cormorant
I

maUcious

gossip, backbiting,
pl.

defamation

Jjji
'jjli

nn quwaiq
pl. JjjIjJ

{eg.)

owl

Jji qavl
(zool.)

Jljil

aqwl, JjjUI aqwtP

and jjjli

look up alphabeti-

word, speech, saying, utterance, remark; Statement, declaration; report, account;


doctrine, teaching;
pl.

cally
jlijijl

Jlyl also:

testi-

al-qauqz

and

mony
^lijiJI

al-qauqa the

(in court); Jjjlil sayings, locutions;


|

Caucasus
jj jlijiJI al-qauqzlyn the Caucasians
ajjj

proverbs
or JJI_,

~U-j 1/^i qaulan


{fi'l)

JjL

wa-'amalm by word and deed;

gau^a' seashell

*M>\ JL>' testimonies, depositions, evidence; *)_, J&\ a't qaulah to make
one's bid (at an auction)

\ qauqa'a
'( Jji)

pl.

i[y qawqi' 2 snail


il_ji

qava

{n.

vic.)

utterance, remark,

Jli io

u (Jy gauj) to speak, say,


s.o.;

teil

word; pronoucement, dictum


<i,i

(* s.th.,

J to

J, j^ *

s.th.

about or

of), uttcr,

voioe ( s.th.); to speak


with), treat
(,y>

(& of),

quwala

garrulous,

voluble,

lo-

deal

(&

of); to State,

quacious, talkative, communicative


Jlji qatvwl garrulous, voluble, loquacious, talkative,

maintain, assert, propound, teach, profess,

advocate,

defend

(^

s.th.);

to
(i_*

communicative; itinerant

support, hold

(^ a

view), stand

up

singer

and muaician

Jy
Jji. miqwal
pl. Jjl.

798

maqwil 2 phono-

resurrected; to ascend; to set out, start

graph, gramophone, talking machine


(JLL.

out; to depart, leave (train); to betake


o.s.,

go

mo^i speech; proposition, con-

Jl

to)

to

stand ; to remain

standing; to be, exist, be existent; to be


located, be situated, He; to consist
in); to rest,
(<-

tention, teaching, doetrine; article; treatise; piece of writing


*J

Li.

maqla

pl.

-t

article ;
|

essay

on, also

i_))

be based, be founded (J* De DUllt (J* on ) to k&ve


;

treatise; piece of writing

iy^luil -Jl-

{iftithlya) editorial, leading article

theme (J* a problem; of a hook, and the like) to begin ( J*ij to do


for its (main)
;

jUL.
parley,

muqwala
Conference
;

talk,

conversation,
contract

s.th.),

start (J*i doing s.th.); to

make
o.s.
o.a.,

dispute ;

s.th.

(v)
with),

one's

husiness,

concern

settlement,

arrangement,

agreement
|

(lj

undertake,
do,

take

upon

bargain, deal, transaction, undertaking


Ujliilj

perform,
complish,
to stand

carry

out,

execute,
(<-*

ac-

by the

Job,

by the

contract,

hy

practice,

exercise

s.th.)

piece (work)
t}jj

up

(l-*

for),

support, advocate,

endorse

{>->

s.th.); to

taqawwul

pl.

-t

talk,

rumor,

manage,
preserve

run,

be in Charge (J* of), tend, guard, keep up,

gossip
JjL

q'il

pl.

<JjJ

quwwal

saying,

care (J* (J* s.th.); to take of), attend (J* to), watch (J* over),

telling; teller,

narrator; advocate, pro-

look after
(l_i

s.th. (J*); to coat,

be worth
(burhn)
LpI*
pl

ponent
JjJL.

(i_j

of

s.th.)
pl. -t

so

and

so

much) J*
|

61* jJl

-l

maql

that which
word(s),

is

said,
|

proof had been furnished for;

utterance,
.11

saying ;
{'asr)

speech

O-l

(bi-a b'i

l-hukm)

to

assume the
take

oVjill

the ten

categories

burdens power;

of
ijlj

government,
|l*

over

(bi-aicadihi) to provide

(philos.)
<J jli.

for s.o.'s needs,

stand by

s.o. in

time of
play
a

muqwil

contractor

building

need;

jjJj

jL

(bi-daurin)

to

contractor
part; oLli
aI

(bi-Sa'nihi) to
s.o.,
fl

take care of

Jjj (Turk.
corps;

kol) ql

wing of an army, army


(Turk.
fcoj

s.o.,

look after

take

s.o.

under one's

^,1*1

JjJ

agan)

wing; i_*jjLaLIj

to defray the costs,


<---[>JIj
jL*

military rank intermediate between those

pay the expenses;


one's duty; Jpjj

4-Lc
fl

to

do

of captain and major, adjutant

major

(bi-vKtdihl) to

keep
the

(%)
-jj qaulaha
pl.

one's word;

jU

J*

-"-A'

^^

(Aarfi)

war was or became


ly qawlih 2
like)
(eg.)

violent,
fl

flared up;

cob (of

war broke out;


became
(sai)

jl-l

(Aa?g)
">LaJI

truth
c-*l

com, and the

or

was manifest;

Jjj qaulanj colic


j^Jj* goicm colon (anaJ.)

the time of prayer


f-li"

has come;

jUj
to
(Ljt qauma, >L* qiym) to get

^1p

jl*

(garfamin
effective,

wa-sdgm)

become

fully

be in

fll

(|ji) |l*

qma u

up; to stand up, stand erect; to rise


(also fig.: voices, noise, wind); uLc pl to
rise

progress, be in fll Swing; J*-j i*_>* l^v* Jj-!j (gaumato rojuKn) they rose to a

man;

-U;

l/lS

*J

*Jj

iam taqum lah

or turn against
s.o.,

s.o.,

revolt or rebel

against

attack

s.o.;

jl#

to rise in

qaimatun badu he was no longer able to put up any resistance, he was as good
as finished; <x
LS

honor of

s.o.; to rise

from the dead, be

Ia*^AI {jA*

V there

is

no


799

t*
resistance against the enemies; c*Li lU-U

to

make

brisk, enfiven,
(* a

animate

(* the

{qiymatuk) to get excited, get angry,

market); to hold

meeting, a cerea festival), put

become
<<>)
<J

furious;

all hell

broke loose

in it;

mony,
on,

etc.), celebrate (*

^Lj c~M

to be upset, bo shocked.

stage,

organize (* a celebration, a

be violently agitated by s.th.; <*tj (uw/AtAi) to resist, oppoae, defy


<*li*

pageant,

etc.),

give

(*

a reeeption); to

s.o.;
s.o.,

oecupy

o.s.

constantly

(J* with); to abide,

>U

(magdmaA)
s.o.,

to

replace
s.o.,

stay, remain, dwell, reside, live (<_Mn); to

Substitute for
s.o.'s

deputize for

take
of

dwell

(J* on), peraist (J*


|

in),

keep, stick

place;

to serve as or instead
s.th.,

(J* to)

*j\

j.Ul

(awadah) to provide

s.th.,

take the place of

replace s.th.;

for s.o.'s needs, stand

by

s.o. in

time of

<*li*

au

|U

to take the place of s.o. with

need; to Support

s.o.,

furaish s.o. with the

s.o.; -Uij *\j

(wa-qaada) to be

in a State

means of
(burhna

subsistence;
l-jaliya)

of great anxiety, be seriously upset, be

J*

JJ.

jU^JI

*\i\

to furnish the unmis...,

very agitated; to be very alarmed (J by


s.th.);
i-J

takable proof for


**J-1
jlil

clearly prove s.th.;

^j

|.lj

^ not to be

laating
lift

(hujjata) to protest, lodge a pro-

and durable

II

to set upright,

up,

test; J LI

>

*LI

(hiaban) to render ac-

raise (* s.th.);

to create, ahape, form,


(* s.th.);

count to
or s.th.,
J'

s.o.; to

give one's

mind

to s.o.

anange, set up

to straighten,

make

s.o. or s.th.

one's concern;
.

make
well,

or put straight (* s.th.); to arrange

do properly
fix,

(*

s.th.);

to

put in

J* JJ J1 f 1*1 to prove that .. JL^\ LJI (diniya) to perform tho liturgical


;

M
L1

order,

set

going (*

s.th.);

to right,

rites;

S^LJI

^LSl

(salta)
*\i\

to perform the

put to rights, rectify, correct,

reform,
(et.);

ritual prayer; JaJl


ister justice,

(adla) to admin;

amend

(*

s.th.);

to rectify

to

handle the law J* ^1-JI


s.o.;

estimate,

assess,
yjii
j
I

appraise,

value,

rate

(quddsa) to read the Mass for

LSI

(lj * s.th. at)

*jh V

yuqawwamu
to fight,

J*
Ujj

(tSj** or) i-^ (qadlyatan, da'w)


s.o.,

to

bi-tamanin inesmable, invaluable, priceless III to resist,

take legal action against


*J
|*l
I

sue

s.o.;

oppose
;

( s.o.);

(waznan) to set great stre by

combat

(*

s.th.)

to

raise

objeetions,

s.th.,

attach importance to s.th.,


of s.th.;

take iasue, contend, argue (j with s.o. becouse of s.th.); to withstand (. s.o.),
hold out, hold one's

much

ujj

<J

*\ju

make V {yuqmu,

own
s.o.),

against), be

wazn) to be negligible, be of no consequence; IjL. (mvbrtan) to stage

on a par
{* s.o.),

(#

with

equal,
|

match
l

a contest;
s.o.
s.o.

<*Li. <,lil

(maqmah) to make
s.o.

mcasure up

to s.o.)

^LL V

tako the place of


replace
eise;
s.o.

eise,

make
for

yuqivamu

irresistible

IV to straighten,
right to

eise, Substitute

a.o.

straighten out,

make
s.th.);

or correct,
(

s.o.

^/U-l

>LL

-lJ

+\j\

(najsah

put
rise;
{

in order (*

make

s.o.)

maqma

l-hmt) to pose as the protector;

to resurreet, raise to
lift

from the dead

UaiIj -uli!

(wa-aq'adah)

to

upset

s.o.

s.o.);

up, elevate {* s.th.); to

seriously,

throw

s.o. in a State

of violent

set

up, raise, erect (* s.th.); to start,

emotion; U-Uilj UoJl *UI (dunywa-aq'ada*


h) to

originatc,
s.th.);

found,
fix,

call

into
(*
(

being
s.th.);
*

(*

move heaven and

earth; to

make
-j

to

determine

to
as);

a stir, creato a Sensation;

LU

<J

appoint, nominate, install

s.o.

[qiymatan) he forestalls any resistance

J* commission

**ljl

to put
s.o.

s.o.

in

Charge of

s.th.,

on

his part

to

rise,

get up, stand up;


o.s.

with the management

to straighten up, draw

up; to stand

of s.th.; to agitate, rouse, excite (* s.th.);

upright, stand ereet; to be or

become

800

Btraight;

to

be

right,

oorrect,

sound,

subsistence, livelihood

*11

*\y

q.

ahlihl

proper, in order; to keep, atick (j to


B.th.)
|

the provider, or supporter, of bis family

j
. .

the right thing about

r'& J (li^l (kalmu) he aaid .... he talked aense

*\y qaxvwm manager, director, Superintendent, caretaker, keeper, cuatodian,

about

guardian (J of
pl.

s.th.)

*J

qaum

Ay\

aqwm

fellow
~4*\y

qiwma guardianahip

tribesmen, kinsfolk, kin, kindred; tribe,


race, people, nation; people
|

^yW

^U

*y

qawim
erect ;

pl.

aL*

qiym
right,

straight,

ethnographer, ethnologist;
(inna) people will say
_j5
. .

jl

^y J>V*

upright,

correot,

proper,

aound, authentic; true (religion); firm,


solid

qauma

rising ; upriaing, revolt

*Li

qiym
out,

rising, getting
(e.g.,

up; standing;
of a revolt);
(also,

,jy qaumi

national;

ethnic,

racial;

existence; outbreak

oL-y
ier",

national traits;

(pl. -iya)

"goumsetting
leaving,

departure

member of the native cavalry

troops
eap., of traina);

Performance, execution,

recruited from the local tribea in French

carrying out, consummation, diacharge,

North Africa
"*^y qaumiya nationalisna
ol
(of
;

aocompliahment,
nationality
s.th.);

undertaking

(^

of

support, stay, prop; sustenance,


livelihood
|

qma

atature, figure, build,


;

frame
of

subsistence,
tili

ULJl ^L*

Jl
in

peraon)

fathom

(meaaure

doomsday,

forever

and

ever,

length

6 feet); stand, aupport, tripod


Btraight,

perpetuity, for all time to come;

*ll >L*

Jiqayyim valuable, precious;


perintendent;
faith
|

of q t ahlihl the provider, or aupporter, hia family; J**Jl> (Lill ('amal) Perform-

rigbt; caretaker, curator, cuatodian, Su5*-iJl

ance; Torking, functioning

al-qayyima the true

UJ

y-iT (kutub) valuable booka


pl.

LS qiyma resurrection; tumult, turmo, upheaval, revolution, overthrow;


guardianahip]
LJI
fjj

<*J qima
aize of

-5

qiyam value, worth;

<*LiJl 0-*- *\d al-q.


al-q.

Easter;

price

an amount, amount, quantity; i*J ji valuable J **-* V (qimata)


;

yaum
the

the day of resurfinal

rection,

day

of

judgment;
broke

worthlesa
.^i

o*L

c-*li

(qiymaluh-)

to get excited,
all hell

qimi relating to the value, by the


of
value,

get angry, become furiouB;


looae in it; (jt)

Standard

according

to

the

*i*\J C--1 to

be upset,

value; nonfungible

(Isl.

Law)

y-S
l

JU

be shocked, be violently agitated by


s.th.

nonfungible

thinga,

nonfungibles

(ll.

Law)
* \y

fjJA\

al-qayym the

E verlas ting,
more

the

qawm

upright

posture ,

erect

Eternal (God)
*y\

bearing; straightness ; stature, phyaique,


build, frame; figure,

aqwam 3
;

atraighter;

correct,

body

(of

a pereon);

sounder
priate

more adequate, more appro-

rightneaa, propernesa, proper condition,

normal State; strength, vigor, atamina;


firmneaa,

conaiatency;

support,

stay,

*yu miqwam
>l*

plovtail,
pl.

plow handle
Po-

prop; livelihood, living

maqm
place,

-dt site, location,

Jy

qiwm support,

stay, prop; basis,

sition;

spot,

point,

looality;

foundation; stock, supply; suatenance,

sitnation ;

Station ;

standing,

poaition.

801

t*
rank, dignity;
place ;
.Uli
I

tomb

of a Saint, sacred

of a celebration); resurrection (of the

key,
JLfc

tonality,

mode

(mua.)
|

dead) ;
the

stay,
in

sojourn

socond

call

to

on

this occasion;

**l^l
in

(Li.

salat

a mosque, indicating the


of

small building near the

Kaaba

Mecca

imminent
JjJI

beginning

the

prayer;
j

(housing a stone with Abraham'a footprints);


*i-j-iA-l

(Mayr.) residentship, office of resident


J\jlZS\
i-Ll

/l* topic of the conver-

(dmi ya) Performance of

sation;

{-r^JI)

L-LJl oULli
(official)

(siystya,

the roligious ceremonies, celebration of the divine service;


J.uJI
<*LI
i.

raamiya) the political


j~l\
|U*

agencies;

al-'adl

m. al-kasr denominator of a

administration

of

justice;

I*Li"^

A<

fraction; J^JI jUll ,_^-L* title conferred

mahall

al-i.

(place of) residence, domicile;

upon the holder of the order of

"Collier
I

address
i-Li^-l iatiqma straightness
;

Fouad

I",

established

by Fuad
(wi.

in ainoerity,

1936; j-Jlj jU*

j j-u*

jlT

wlidi) he

assumed the
for

uprightness, rectitude, integrity, probity,

responsibility of fatherhood

me;

cf.

also

muqm and under


pl.

honesty rightness, soundness, correctness


;

1* /{*

q'im

pl.

<*\1

maqma

*y quwwam,
quyym
visible,

-j

quyyam,

-t

sitting,

seasion,

quwwm,

*L

rising, getting

meeting; a genre of Arabic rhythmic


prose

up; standing; upright, erect; stand-up;


existing,

existent;

conspicuous;
unflinching,

ry
setting

taqwim
up,

pl.

jUj taqtvim 2
appraisal,
rating,

raiaing,

firm,

steadfast,

staunch,

erection;

assess-

unshakable;

revolting,

rebelling

(J*
to)
|

ment,

estimation,

valuation
rere-

against); vertical, perpendicular


(

J*

correction; rectification,

amendment,

JL^VL.

fLi,

-^ijA\ JL>L

f\i (bi-a.

aX-

form,

reformation,

reorganization,

mufawwadtya) charge
olJI
/-Li,

d'afFaires
t-\j

(dipl,);

Bhaping, modification, adaption;


fication,

O
;

recti-

*jIJj

r\i,

<j
*[i

(bi-ra'aiht)

detection

(el.,

radio)

land
of

and <_jO
du ring

*[i

(bi-nafaihi)

self-exiatent,
(q,

survey,

surveying;

determination

independent;

*JL*-

haytihl)

geographical

longitude

and

latitude;
cal1

his lifetime; jl_pl e\j q.

az-zwiya
SjjIjJI

geography; Btocktaking;
endar; chronology
j

almanac;

rectangular,
right angle

right-angled;

Jl

jj>f^l

Gregorian

calendar; ^j

chronology; jl-UJl

ryu

fj^ r
lt

fj*^* (zamani)

* ne

Aju
qad',

Li

q'im-maqm,
officer
:

q'imaqm
the head preaident
colonel

adof a
(/r.,

ilm t.al-bul*

ministrative

at

&% geography
i. jU*

approx.
Leb.)
;

diBtrict

muqwama resiatance
battle (with
(ei.)
j

Opposition
foll.

Syr.,

lieutenant
also

(mtl.

fight, struggle,

genit.
**jLi.
~<*j\Jl*

Tun.,

formerly

Eg.);

Commander

against);

O resiatance

or

(naval rank; Eg.)


*_.Uu
Li

(jawwlya) antiaircraft defense; 4~L(salbiya)

q'im-maqmiya,
district
in

q' imaqmiya

passive resiatance;

^jli*

ji

administrative

headed
qad'

by

without resistance, unresistingly


<*Li

q'im-maqm,
ic
Li

Iraq

iqma

raieing, lifting

up; elevatum;

q'ima
(of
;

pl. r\ji

qaw'im
leg,

leg, foot,

setting up; erection; etablishment (of


institute); execution;

an

paw

quadruped);
pale,

foot

(of

Performance; holdof a
meeting),
put-

furniture)

stake,

post,

prop,

ing t

convocation
(e.g.,

(e.g.,

stanchion, pillar;
hilt);

pommel

(of a sword's
(fig.)

celebration
ting

of

festival),

stand, baae, support;


(pl. also -t)

main

on,

Staging

-(e.g.,

of

pageant,

support, pillar;

Hst, roster,

register, index, table, schedule ; catalogue

j*^*iji (Fr. commissaire) qomiser

commissioner

invoice,

bill
|

|LUl

q.

at-fa'm

lx*y

(Fr.

commandant) qomajuin Com-

menu,
jju f

bill

of fare; aee also *ji

mander, commandant
ij_ji

muqawwim

eatimator, appraiser,

asseaaor;

(pl.

-t)

formative element,
rectifier,

qna
saint

pl.

y quwan

icon; image

of a

constituent factor;
(el.,

detector

radio); pl. oL._j* elementa, constit-

2 <jji qniya

Konya

(city in Anatolia)

uents,

components,

formative
|

agents,

basic factora, fundamentale

Li-I

oLy.

tji II

to shriek, acream, yell, cry, shout

m. al-hayh meana of ubaistence; earthly


possessions;
Jl*i;l

oL._ji. jI*jju

m.

al-jaml

,y qawiya a (Sy qwa) to be or become atrong, vigoroua, forceful, mighty; to

coametics;

jl^^l

m. al-'umrn

become

stronger,

increaae

in

power,
s.th.

cultural faetors
(^.

gain ascendancy; to be able to do highly


creditable,
pl.

muqawwam

valuable, valued, treaaured, prized;


CjI_>*

valuable posaessions, valuables;

have influence (J* in or about a.th.), to be able to cope (J* (J* over B.th.); with s.th.), be able to manage or tackle
superior (J* to s.o.); (J* s.th.); to be (j qiyV> ^Jj* qawya) to be depopulated
deserted, forsaken, desolate (place);
(iSj*

aaaetB, values

fji*

muqurim
averse,

reaisting,

resistent,

reluctant,

unwilling; Opponent,

adrersary, antagoniat
*i*

qawan) to atarve, be atarved; to be


be withheld (rain)
II to

denied,

make

muqim

raiaing, lifting up, setting


etc.;

strong or vigoroua, strengtben, fortify,


conaolidate, invigorate, brace
s.th.)
;

up,

erecting,

remaining, staying,

(*,

s.o.,

abiding,

lingering;

permanent,
living,

lasting,

to encourage, hearten,

embolden

enduring;
resident,
L*-1*j

persistent;

residing,
( s.o.);

to intenaify (* s.th.) III to vie or


(*

domiciled ;
-i.

resident

(dipl.)
\

compete in strength
equal,

with

s.o.);

to

{bi-wjibtihi) dutiful, con-

match

s.o.)

IV to be poor; to

scientious, loyal;

Ac

-i. {'mm) Resident

be empty, deserted, forsaken, desolate


(place)

General {Tun.)
-JL.

V to be

or

become strong; to
stronger;
to

muqiml

reBidential

intenaify,

become

take

g.

muqlmiya

residentship, residency
aet
;

heart, take courage VIII to claim for o.a.


(* s.th.)

V
qiw*

fli.

muqm

raised,

up, erected,
IjS

etc.

pending

(legal action)

atay, sojourn

qatv*,

and j qiyy

desert,

abode, habitat, whereabouts; place of


resident; duration of atay; see also un-

wasteland, desolate country

,\

qaw*

and

^
j_j*

qawan hunger,

der
(f

jtf

stairation

Jc^t musiaqim upright, erect ; straight


straight, straight as a die; directed

y qwa
violence,
faculty,

pl.

-t,

quwan strength;
courage,

ded

vigor; potency; power, force; intensity;

atraight

ahead;

oorreot,

right,

sound,

vehemence;
ability,

pluck;

proper, in order; even, regulr,


rical,

symmet-

capability,

aptitude;

proportionate, harmonioua; honest,

efficaoy, efficiency, potential ;

O (eleotric)
armed
force ;
in-

straightforward, upright, righteoua, honorable;


(math.) ;
(pl.

energy, power, capacity, Output;


force, troop;

-t)

a straight, straight line


(anat.)

ol_y qwt armed forces,


\j

rectum

troopa

Ijii

forcibly,

by

herently,

virtually

(philos.);

^Uj i,
loud
al-q.

_jJu

mugawwin strengthening, fortifying,


corroborant;
(pl.

bi-qwatin

wa-jal'in

(to

speak)

invigorating;

oU^i.

and

distinotly; S^iJI _,-**

munsariq

muqawwiyt) a reatorative,
corroborant;

tonic, cordial,

weakened, debilitated,
apent;
jLL^-l

eflFete,

exhausted,
reserves

amplifier {radio)

i
q.

(ihtiyfiya)

(mtl.); plj^l

ai-ida'a transmitting

<s*

mugawwan

atrengthened,
|

rein-

power
power;
ory;

(radio); SiljVl

forced, atiffened, stiff


q.

al-irda will

^u 3jj

{waraq)

jlj*i-1f1 yinertia; iiU-

ymemborder

cardboard, pasteboard

ijoi-l
Jui-

frontier
light,
*'

guard,

qiyy see

&
i

guard;
(mil.);

mobile taak force

V^j^f

* (kahrab'tya)
;

(*j) U q'a
( s.o.)

(.J qay*) to vomit II to cause

electromotive

force,

e.m.f.

i*lii

J
>*

to vomit (of an emetic)

V
is

(dif'iya) total defense potential;

Li quy' vomit, that

which

vomited

i~J*- (*a#A*yo) aurfaoe taak force (navy);


IjJJl q.

^* muqayyi*

pl. oli-.
|

ly purcbaaing power; o^JI y

muqayyi't a

vomitive, an emetic

J^ill

j^l

a#-faut volume, intensity {radio);

(701)

i
i}\

nux vomica

1*1*

intellectual power, faculty of percep-

tion; i]\jc

i combat

force; J**JI

J*

jLJ

qitr pl.

jJLJ qayttr*,
pl.

jLL* qitr
qay$tr*

and

{'amal) working power; output capacity:


jjJJI

jLJ
lyre

qitra

^L

guitar;

jeure;

i legal force; ij*\i i force ma~\r i {marhazxya) central power; iL- jjT^ i centripetal force; O * *i
*ij~j*

({}*) c=* Q b**

(?a'A)

to auppurate, fester, do.

be purulent

II

and V

-ijU

centrifugal force;

Li- i

olyUJI (muddda) antiaircraft defense;


*i>** _> (ma'ntHciya) moral strength, morale, spirit; c-cJI Jyg, an-nafc* germinative faculty; 3-.U"

^J

qaih

pl.

jj quyh pus, matter

^t-iJto^flj/j/uAsuppuration, maturation,

purulence
ry*z*

Jy (nizmiya) regulr

army;
and

*ij*-j

wa-bahriya
air

*ij*j '*jj wa-jawwiya) ^}\


field

oly

muiaqayyih suppurative, festering,

(barriya

purulent
j

ground,

sea
.l! II

forces;

^UJl

athletics,

to bind,

tie, fetter,

ahackle

(^

s.o.

specif., track

and
pl.

with; also

fig.:

to bind or tie

s.o. to);

to

ts qawiy

L^il

aqwiy' 2 strong;

limit, reatrict, confine, qualify (* s.th.);

vigoroua; potent; mighty,powerful,forceful; intense, violent,

to

impose

restrictiona

(*,

on

s.o.,

on

vehement;
|

s.th.), eet

bounds
(*,

firm, solid,

{*,

to s.o., to a.tb.),
s.th.);

robust, hardy, sturdy

curb,

^JjUJl

check

s.o.,

elos.th.);
(jt

to

fix,

quent, quick-witted
<j\

determine, lay down, apecify, atipulate


(*

to

write,

write

down,

note

aqw stronger
atrengthening
; ;

down
fortifi;

a.th.),

make
also

a note, take notea


.

*l tagwiya
couragement

* of )

to enter, book ( > B.th


(*
s.th.,
{ s.o.,
flg.,

) ;

to regiater,

cation, consolidation

intenaification

en-

record

of the eyes);

to enroll

in a

liat

or regiater); to
a.o.'s

charge
tijU; laqivi
(eg.)

seed (for sowing)


debit

(Jp
(J*
*

a.th.

to
a.th.

account),
to

with

a.o.);

place

*\\

iqw

depopulation;

imperfect

a.th.

(*)

to a.o.'s

credit (J), credit (J *

rhyme (change of the rhyme letter)

the vowel foDowing

with

s.th. s.o.)

pass. of II; to bind o.b.,


e.g.,

be bound (^

to,

by,

by an Obligation)

to be limited, restricted; to enroll, have


one's
jlJ

.\,

*fC

taqayyud
tie,

pl.

-t

a being bound,
restriction,

name
qaid

regiatered

Obligation,
(also

bond;

lim-

pl.

j^J quyd

jL aqyd)

itation,
4 5 ,.

confinement

fetter, ahackle,

chain; bond, tie; atrap,

muqayyad
tied,

fettered,

shackled,
re|

thong; recording, record, booking, entering, entry, regiatering, registration, regiatry;

bound,
Btricted,
\

tied

down;

limited,

confined; booked, registered

enrollment

(e.g.,

at

matricula-

.\.

unlimited, unrestricted ; xJu

ilL.

tion); fixation, determination, specification, stipulation;

(mvlk) constitutional monarchy


a

document; limitation,
jL*
II

confinement, restriotion, qualification, reservation;


condition,

and Li see jy
to tar, pitch (* a.th.)
j\i

proviso;
|

amount,

ji

measure,

degree; distance
-Aj j\ -L*

OL IM -V
tree,

qr

and ji
pl.

}ir tar; pitch

gum(a); ^L-iV'
family tree; ilj
reservation,

genealogical

jf

^ without any
"^j

JljJ

qirt

ivjj

qarrif*
l

inch;

a dry
jlx*

without

qualification;

measure {Eg.

^ji.

x.* (Surf)

without any reservation,


with

a Square measure {Eg.

^ =

=
'/at

* 064 1):

without
attached;

qualification;

no atringa
olj^iJl
ji*

unconditional;

^=
NE
(ur-i*)

175.035

m 8 );

kerat, a weight {Eg.

= = V

0.195 g)
pl. -i

qalam al-quydi bureau of vital

atatistica,

jljjj qairawn
alive,

caravan

(G.B.) (general) regUter office; iU-l aJu


bi-q.

H-hayKoT U.I .U J*

(still)

Ij^mJ! al-qairawn

Kairouan

(city in

living;

*-!

xJ qaida
a
.

Sa''ratin

by a hairbreadth;

Tunisia)
*

breadth,

within
. .

hair's

u"^ ^ ga

(9***

u"^ 0****)
of);

to measure,

Ue

xJ

qaida unmulatin not

gauge, measure out (*

s.th.),

take the
(*

oneinch, not one iota; jj-U*


(q.

ol*U xJ J*

measurements

(*

to try on

a
_j>

few houra; l^t* XJ J* oljU^LT at a distance of 10 km; xj jp


s'tin) within a

garment); to weigh, judge (*

a.th.,

J* by analogy with
ogoua
for

s.th. eise),

draw

anal*

^Jl

(g.

tl-6o^or)

within aight

conclusiona
eise);

(Jp

from

a.th.,

j qaida

(prep.) under, subject to, the

a.th.

to

compare, correlate,

object of, in the process of, in the stage

of
ia

^joll xJ ^j^iil (dow) the project


|

bring into relation (J* oru * s.th. with, also Jl *), proportion < Jp or^ * s.th. to,
also Jl *) forth II to
(j^Jj-tJI
Cr*,
[

being studied,

is

under consideration

<i*

ij-*j

wa-qis 'alaihi and so

du*JI oJ
ib

y Uli

(wuw'ola,

6o&) the

afair

measure

(* s.th.) III to

compare
a.th.,

subject to inveatigation,

being in-

between two things, *


or t0 )

vestigated

Jl

or

v Th

vnl
(

* mea8ure

,^xJ qaidi booking-, registration- (in

(* a.th.); to imitate, follow

s.o.),

take

oompounds),

e.g.,

jJ^j

booking

fees,

aller s.o. (v)

registration fees
\_i: taqyid pl. -i, JuLiJ taqyid 2 fetter-

-U qiys
plar,

pl. -dt,

<_Jl aqyiaa measure,


;

meaBurement, dimension

acale ;

exem-

ing, shackling, tying, binding ; reBervation,

qualification; limitation, restriction, con-

example; referenco, relation; record (athlet.); comparison; analogy; deduction

finement,

curtailment;

entry,

regiatry,
t.

by analogy
it),

illi

Jp ULI by analogy (with


it);

registration,

booking

J-Ul x-i3
p*j

anot-t.

analogously (to
in

correspondingly
(as)

naal birth control;


registration fee

X-Ut

roam

Jl (P-L-UIj

comparison with,

com-

pared to; in proportion

to, in relation

805

J1
-jUu muqdyasa measuring, mensura
tion,

with; with reference to, with reapect to,

with regard to; ^Lifl J by analogy; regulr; after the model, aocordant with
the model;

gauging

comparison

appraisal

valuation, estimation by analogy; (pre

^Li >0
measure
al-q.

logical; *^Li i+.\ to

liminary)

estimate

(of Costa);

relation,

take

s.o.'s

(tailor);

^LiJi

<_--Li*

rate, rates, proportion; detailed listing,

mutansib

fitting

together,

well

apecification

itemized

list

(of Services

matched; equal
surate,

in proportion,
;

commeninference,

quantities, prioes)

commensurable
x-li

^U ^LifJomi)
xSj-
qaiaari
pl.

world record;

^L* wrong

^Lj

gaysir*,

*^\J

false conclusion, fallaoy, sophism, paral-

qaysira big, large, huge, enormous


Ij^r-J qaisariya*

ogism; ^Ltl ^j^J tape measure, tapeline


(j-Li qiysi

Caesarea (ancient sea-

port in Palestine)

accordant with analogy,


iijlJ qaisriya pl.

analogous; consistent with the model,


pattern, rule, or norm; comparable,

^Li qaysir*

large

by

block of public

buildings

with stores,

comparison; logical
|

^Li J,

(raqm)

Workshops,
;

etc.,

roofed market place, ba-

record

(athlet.)

zaar qaisriya* Caesarea (ancient seaport


in Palestine)

^LJ

qayys land surveyor, geodesist


Ib/

^L- miqys pl.


ure,

-ajH*

maqyUP measquantity,

^ijli pl.

^Jj*

look up alphabetically

measurement;

amount,

jLlJ

qtSni faience; porcelain, china

magnitude; measuring Instrument, gauge,


water gauge, tide gauge; scale
(e.g.,

of a

<jLJ qaifna Bunfish, moonnsh

map); Standard;
criterion; unit of

Standard of judging,

j*l qaifar

pl.

^LJ qaydpir*,

ij*\J qayfira

measure;

^^-Lill

Nilom-

Caesar; emperor, kaiser; tsar


<jj~*J
j

eter
jUiil

,^-LiLI
|

c* substandard;

m. at-tayyr ammetet;

O ^LiO >^-' o'^P


-

qaifari

Caesarean;

imperial;

Lm

m. al-jahd Voltmeter;

j^l ^W^* m

tsarist jy^uifl i-LJi ('amaiiya)

Caesarean

al-harra thermometer;

seotion (med.)
<i

Jj^jJ' lt-W-

m. az-zalzil Seismograph, seismometer

j*J* qaifariya kaiserdom, Caesarism,

Lj'jJ"

tr-Lri*

tu-zawy protractor;

imperialism,

empire;

imperial

dignity;

0*J'iij^\
trometer;

,^-Li*

m. oZ-jfcoroWiyo
ij*\?**

elec-

tsarism; Caesarean section (med.); large

O jW
,

* ai-mafar rain

block of public buildings with stores,

gauge, pluviometer, ombrometer, ombro-

Workshops,
bazaar
;

etc.,

roofed

market

place,

graph;

...jjk .*ll J

,^-Li
;
(

m. al-magna*

Caesarea

(ancient

seaport

in

\U\ya magnetometer

r-i^Jl ^-LS- m. attanaffus Spirometer; Jl^^l ^-xtU* meas_

Palestine)
(j-iJ)

ures of length,

linear measures;

^\i qda i
burst

(qa*4) to break, crack, split,

iJ

-^\Ju
cleave,

ol*ili..U m. at-musaffaht

Square meas^j-uJju

open

(*

s.th.);

to

get * *
(.

ures;

jLJI .j-wU* do.; f>J-\

m.

broken, orack, burst; to ezohange

(^

al-hajm cubic measures; J-Sl ^j-U m.


al-kail

s.th. for) II to foreordain, destine (J s.th.


s.o.,

measures of oapacity, dry measmeasures


pl. -t

to

s.o.;

of God); to lead, find


of God)

ures, liquid

J to

s.o.;

m toaxohangs,
s.th. for)
in,

give in exchange

(yito s.o.
fall

^U*

mags

measuring, men-

V and
break;

VII to bunt, orack, get broken, to


collapae,

suration;

gauging;
pl.

measurement,
dimensions

di-

cave

in,

mension, size;

oUU*

tumble down

j-f
-_;

!
qaid eggshell; barter, exchange;

an Obligation)

it^e

all

Jlil

('atrataka)

article of exchange, barter object, equiv-

may God
j'jU

regard your offense as undone;


('ojnrftti)

alent

j. Jlil

to steady one

who

^*\ qiyd barter, exchange


:

has atumbled

to

demand the

cancel-

lation, seek the abrogation ( of a sale)

;<r.

muqyada

barter,

exchange;

to aak

( s.o.)

for exemption, release, or

bartor trade, bartering: trading, barter trans(Isl. Law); compensation, barter


action, barter deal

annulment; to request to be released


from
resign
office,

tender

one's

resignation,
office);

(j*

or

from an

to

UaJ see jL*


.

resign one's commission, quit the Service;

to aak
X.I qlls Cetus (aatron.)

s.o.'s ()

pardon, apologize

to

s.o.)

JJ
iij qai2 heatof summer; high

qail pl. JLII aqyl princeling; Chief,

Bummer, mid-

chieftain
iJ_jiJ

summer, dog day9; lack of rain, drought,


aridity
jL^JI
|

qailla siesta;

midday nap

JlJ

q.

an-nahr daytime

heat
JiJL. rnaqlz
_iij Li

Jj.

maqil resting place, halting place


iqla cancellation,
(esp.

summer

residence

iJlil

abrogation,
of a
sale);

rescission,

revocation

qaiz scorchingly hot,

midsummery,
abolishment,

abolition,

repeal,

annul-

canicular
.Jui II to follow (> s.o.'s tracks);

ment;
to study,

deposition,
office

dismissal,

discharge

from an

examine, investigate
( s.th.) iL!

( B.th.); to criticize

ilJ

istiqh resignation, withdrawal

(from office) ; retirement


qiyfa
tracking,

pursuit

(of

iUl q'ila

midday nap; noon, midday


office,

track); make-up, guise, costume

J
uJL qaiqab maple
J-i) Jl
(bot.)

;;-

mustaQil resigned from

retired, discharged
2 '1

'(

qla

{qail, Ulli q'ila, 'S qailla,

qlla, i-JL.

J
and

(m'iya) hydrocele (med.)


f^-S see

JJ
(

q) to take a

midday nap;
abrogate,

to hold
-LI,
~<*J,

siesta II do.
s.th.);

IV to abolish, repeal, annul


cancel,

to

rescind,

j3 qain

pl.

_jj

quyn blacksmith
-(,

revoke

(< s.th., esp.

a sale); to depose, ,y to

i_i qaina pl.

OLi qiyn songstress,

dismiss, discharge (. s.o.; also with

Singer; lady's
"*

maid

vl
free,

min al-mansib from


release,

his office)
s.o.,
,>.

exempt

(.

from

y. mvqayyina lady's maid

ka (with

foll.

genit.) as, like; all but, as

ka-hd such,

e.g.,

titT J-j rajulun ka-

good as;
|

as, in

my

(your, etc.) capacity

hd such a man, a
dli J*
as

man

like this;

at J_A'lf ka-l-amoali as before, as of the beginning, as from the outset; li(5

j,*^

(ka-l-mujmi'ina) they are


it,

good as unanimous about

they are

x
practically agreed

on

it;

LS

Lil

an ka-

*_-

ka'ib

and wj^T"

ka'ib

sad, dis-

muslimin
lim

I (in

my

capacity) as a

Mus-

pirited,

dejected,

downcast, depressed,

melanoholy; gloomy, morose; grave

j'r

ka-anna

(conj.
if,

introducing

a
is

<_Jt^>

mula'ib

sad,

dispirited,

de-

nominal clause) as
(was) as
imperf.)
I
it if
it
|

as though;

it

jected, downcast, depressed, melancholy;

L,.

JtS* ka-anni bi-h (with

gloomy,

morose;

grave;

dark-colored,

is like

seeing her before

me;
...,

blackish, dismal

am

under the impresBion that she

Iooks to

me

as

if

she

^X

(Fr. c&ble) kbil cable

'JjlT kbut*

Kabul

(capital of Afghanistan)

lif ka-d so, thua, that way; so


so,

and
J,K~ kbuli Kabuli,
of Kabul;
{eg.)

such

and

such,
|

so-and-so
liS"

much,

so-and-so

many

liT,

so and so,

mahogany wood
fyi K~ (Fr. cabine)

such and such, so-and-so much, so-and-so

kabln

pl.

JlT kab'in*, j \S

many;
k.

lifj lif

tr bi-mahni

k.

at such

kabyin* cabin
IjJlj-UlT ktidr'iya

and such a place;


years
dJJif

>\jL* lif *jf


is

'umruh

aanawt his age

so-and-so

many

cathedral
see

SJyX"
ka-dlika
so,

ktliki

Catholic; a Catholic;

like

this,

thus;

also siilir
*->-ir

equally; likewise
1(S

kkiya

pl.

^jf

kawjcin butler, Stew-

ka-m

(conj. introducing a verbal


1

ard
jIT kd

clauBe) as, juBt as, as also, as on the other

anacardium
tree

(bot.)
|

j-u jIT (hindi)

hand;

(introducing

main
j

clause)

cashew
bot.)

(Anacardium occidentale

equally, likewise, as well

jl

\f ka-m
clause) aa,
2

anna (introducing a nominal

just as, quite as, as aUo, as on the other

}\S

ka'ada a to be sad, distressed, worried


Ij*

hand; ^* \f such as it is; as things are, such being the matter; I^U- U" j] \f as
if

ka'd' 2 sadness, sorrow, distress,

grief; fear;

dark night

*IjI5" ~<Ju-

{'aqaba)

he were present

insurmountable obstacle

J&}\

o-u madinat
ka'iba a

al-kb

Cape Town

ijj5"

ka'd

ijjf

Li*,

('aqaba)

in-

surmountable obstacle

{^f

ka'b,

tf

ka'ba, TS*

jjlT

(Fr. cadre)

ka'ba) to be dejected, dispirited,


cast, sad

downunit,

kdir cadre (of a mitary

(J* about, J because of), be worried (J by, because of) IV to sadden,


distress,

of a governmental agency, of a

corporation, etc.), skeleton Organization,

aggrieve,
depress,

worry

skeleton unit, skeleton crew (of a naval


(

s.o.)
(

to
unit)
s.o.)

dishearten,

discourage

VIII to be dejected, dispirited, downcast,

pjjlT kadmiyom cadmium


jlT kr pl. -t work, job, occupation, business; calling, ocation, profession, trade
|

sad (J* about, J because of), be worried (J by, because of); to be gloomy
.-tr

ka'b,

itr

ka'ba,

lAf

ka'ba

and

jlT j\

ibn

k.

(eg.)

artisan, craftsman;

i_jlii~l ikti'b

sorrow, gricf, distress, sad-

oljKjl ^Ljlartisans.craftsmen; jKJUjIa*


'adwat
rivalry
al-k. professional jealousy,

ness, dejection, depression, gloom,

melan-

trade

choly

; ; ;

JS
jjjjtT
-t)

808

kartn

cardboard,

pasteboard;

(pl.

(jUjS' kauthtq rubber, oaoutchouo

c&rton
pl.

yT jtoibo
UjI^T kardila cardinal

(kabb) to prostrate,

throw pros-

jUjjjir kardinal
(jjiT

trate (<prji li-wajhihi or *^-j

J*

s.o.);

to overturn, tsJ" *orr* cuiry


kariktriya caricature, cartoon

overthrow,

topple,

upset,

capaize, turn upaide


(> s.th.); to

down,

revert, invert
(* a
ball,

*UJ&ij$'
jlf

pour out, pour away form into a

= JU gz

liquid) II to ball, roll or

gas

conglomerate

(a s.th.)

IV to throw down,
( s.o.);

jltJlT kzin pl.

oU^jjlT

kzinht casino

prostrate,

bend down, bow down


o.s.

to throw

down, prostrate

o.a.;

to

^tT

fai'a

f.,

pl.

^-jjT hu's,
;

^-W
{bot.)

fci'd,

O L*t5" Jca'st cup

drinking glase, tumbler

bend, bow, lean (J* over s.th.); to apply o.s. eagerly, devote o.a., dedicate o.s.
(

goblet; chalice, calix; calyx

J* to

B.th.)

VII to

fall

prostrate

(^j J*)
o.a.;

IjL-IT kast caasata {Italian ice

cream)

to throw

o.b.

down, prostrate

to

bend, bow, lean


biti" kgif {mar.)
<J>tT

paper
i)

o.a.

eagerly,

(J* over); to apply devote o.s., dedicate o.s.

kf natue of the letter

be (J* to); to nestle {J* against); to reverted, be inverted, be overturned,


tree;
(eg.)

j_jIT Jfc/ur

camphor, camphor

be upset, be toppled, get knocked over;


to be poured

blue
jyS" tT

gum

(Eucalyptus globulus Lab.;


Jckanj

bot.)

away

-.-tf

J* t__& (gada'
I

kkinj,

alkekengi,
bot.)

ground

maihi) to throw

o.b.

at a.o.'a feet, pros-

oherry (Physalis alkekengi;

trate o.s. before s.o.

^S*

(It.

caUo) ka pl.

iU^HToom

^f
(on the
turn,

kabb prostration ; overthrow, overreversal ;

bending,

tilting,

ineli-

toes)

nation

^iK" gln gallon;

(eg.)

kln and

jS

<S" htbbajii. l^S" kubab ball ; olew,


ball of thread,

hank

kaxln

pl.

,>JljT kawlln* lock (of a door)


pl.

hank of yarn; meat and

(syr., *>.)

JJIjT kawlini

-ya lockamith

a kind of meatballs made of bulgur,


onions, minced
pifions;
(eg.)

Lj^ET kambdiy Cambodia

bubo, plague boil


<_>

j^tT

(It.

cambio) kambiy rate of exchange


pl. '# Ij5* JfcauxSmiA;*

\S kabb

fried

or

broiled

meat

V ET

kmak, kmik

vinegar

cabobs, meat roaated in small pieces on

sauce, pickle; (mixed) picklea

a Bkewer; a kind of meatballs made of


finely

chopped meat

{syr., eg.)
\

^-^ ^\S
bot.)

l^wtT kmer camera


4~.IT

(sini; eg.)
ijLi"

cubeb (Piper cubeba Tr.;


kubba

kmik cameo (precious stone)


fair,

kabba,
bot.)
*"

cubeb

(Piper

oubeba;
jzjbsll

3j" sq al-kant rag market

secondhand
;
,

(*Q>)

hubiba
|

kind
:
.

of
*"
;
,

meatballs, Hamburgers
,jctr fcanftn

jj-ULLj

post exchange, canteen


pl. 1^5"

(eg.)

baked potato dough

stuffed

with

1LET

khxya

tatwSAin chief officer of a


vice-, under-,

minced meat, meat patties

*A^lcihya (rn.);deputy,
aub- {Tun.)

D *AS
tumbler

kubbya pl

-t

drinking glass,

kabada u
afflict
( s.o.;
i

*_-*

mikabb

pl. -t,

l^IC makbb*

ball

xf

(Jcabd)

to

affect

severely,

of thread,

hank of yam;

reel of thread,

gravely,

wear out,

wear down
II

bobbin, spool, reel


iiLTl

of pain, losaea, etc.)

to cause
.

ikbb devotion, dedication

(*

to

to s.th.);

(J* occupation (Jp with), pursuit

s.o. a.th., eap. losses), infiiet (*

upon
paas

a.o. s.th., eap. losses);

to culminate,
(atar);

through
its

the

meridian
III

to

reach
i
i

climax

\Sj

to

bear,

Buffer,

inkibb

devotion,

dedication

endure, undergo, auatain, Btand (* B.th.)

(J to
suit
(

a.th.);

occupation (Jp with), pur-

to

bear,

suffer,

endure,

undergo,

Jp

of)

sustain, stand (* losses, hardships, etc.);

_-*

muicibb devoted, dedicated, ad-

to have to take

upon

o.b.

(* s.th.),

be

dicted, given over (Jp to), intent (Jp on),

exposed
to

{* to); to bear, defray (* costs);

wholeheartedly engaged
{

J*

in)

take up the center, atep into the


(* of a place); to

i^S^M

munkabb
given

devoted, over

middle
dedicated,
to),

be in the zenith,

addicted,

culminate
intent

(J* (Jp on), wholeheartedly engaged (Jp in)


*i

xf
aicbd,

kabid, habd, kibd

m. and

f.,

pl.

jLTI

ijS kvbd

jLT(Fr.

cabaret) kabrth pl. -t cabaret


(habt) to

middle, center;

liver; interior, heart;

kabid,

kabad center

C~S' kabata

put down, cruah,


subdue, reatrain,

of the sky, zenith

euppress, repress,

atifle,

aLT kubd

liver ailment

curb

(* s.th.)

*hy-

j L^

^S (gaiiah

(i

jaufihi)
<-LiJl

to

suppreas one's anger;


s.o.

c-T

aLS* kabbd, kubbd


citrus

name

of several
Risso,

(anfsah) to get

planta

out of breath
spinosa
B.;

(Citrus

medica

Citrus Bigaradia Duh., also Zollikoferia

C-T

habt suppression, repreBsion


pl.

eg.);

kabbd

(ayr.)

citron

'O^T

kabbt

CoiLT

kabbit1 hood, cowl;


l

(Citrus medica)

hooded mantle; top of a carriage or


automobile

jf

kobara u (kabr) to exceed in age


be older
(

s.o. by),

than

b.o.,

*]yS

kabtla lump, ohunk; ball; pellet

much);
kabra)
large ;

to to

v ^ so-and-ao
(

kabura u (kubr, kibar, lj\S


be
or

beoome
increase,

great,

big,

J^* mukabtal round


0*/* (Enfcl.) kabtan captain (military rank)

grow,

augment,
larger;

become

greater,

bigger

or

to

;T kabaha a
to

(kabh) to rein in (* a horae);

become famous, gain significance, become important to become too great, too
;

check,

ourb,

oontrol

(*

a.th.);

to

big, too large (je for a.th.); to diadain


(je- s.tb.);

hamper, hinder, prevent, detain,


hold back (je

reatrain,

to

s.o.

from)

^U; ^S
repress

painful, too distreasing, too

become too oppressive, too burdensome

(jimhah) to curb
s.o.

s.o.'s defiance,

to

or a.th.

become too
s.o.),

appear intolerable (Jp to s.o.); to difflcult, too hard <J* for appear
II

-T kabh curbing, checking, aubdual,


restraint,

insurmountable

(Jp

to

b.o.)

control;

suppreaaion,

to

mako
s.th.);

great(er),

big(ger),

represlarge(r),

sion ; hindering, prevention

enlarge, magnity. enhance, ag(*

grandize

O &*
bile)

to extond,
s.th.);

expand,
increase,

mihbdh brake

(of

an automo-

widen,

amplify

(*

to

augment

(* s.th.); to intensify ( a.th.);

* ;; ;

J
to

810

exaggerate,

aggravate,

play up make worse

(* (*

a.th.);
s.th.)
;

to to

female

head

of

the

household

stafF;

iUVI
jJI
k.

jS

h.al-aaqifa archbishop;

jS
jA

praise, laud, extol, exalt, glorify, celebrate


(

as-sinn old; SLJl

^S

k.

ahqxujh

s.o.,

* s.th.); to exciaim aXlhu akbar

chief justice, chief magistrate; jJi


(ab)

III

to treat haughtily, with disdain, with


(

asafetida,

deviTs dng

(pharm,);

contempt
to

s.o.);

to seek to excel, try


to

j-Sj *j+^ JT every single detail;

surposs,

strivo

outdo

s.o.)

JL-Jl k. a4-4ubbf senior officers;

j\S jLf

to contend, vie, strive, contest


s.o.) s.o.)
;

with
(*

^il^il
oll^Ji

it.

al-muwazzafin senior
Jfc.

officials;

to

oppose,
renege,

resist,

contradict
(*

jLT

al-hai't the leading per-

to

renounce

s.th.),

sonalities of public corporations

offend {* against), act contrary (* to);


to
stickle,
insist

*j*S kabira
kubur great
crime

pl. -t,

J\S

kabair 2

jS~

stubbornly
conaider
as
laud,

on one's

sin,

grave offense, atrocious

opinion

IV

to

great,

deem
(

significant,
s.th.);

regard
praiBe,
(

formidable
extol
(

to

s.o.);

jLT
huge

kubr, kubbr very great, very big,

to

show respect
toward

to
to

s.o.),

be deferen(* s.th.)

tial (*

s.o.);

admire

U^J" kibriy' 2 grandeur, glory, magnificence,

V and VI to be proud or haughty, give


o.a.

majesty

pride,

haughtiness,

airs,

swagger; to be overweening,
s.o.)

presumption, arrogance
jS"\

overbearing (J* toward

to

deem
akbar 2
pl.

great or important {* s.th.); to be proud,

-n, ylTI akdbir 2

f.

(jjS~

haughty, display arrogance (J* toward


s.o.)

kubr, pl.

ob jS"

kubrayt greater, bigger,


|

larger; older; Benior-ranking

j-f^^ ^iL\
(sriy)

(mufti)
jt5~

grand mufti; iSj&\


fjiJI

\-ijj~

kibr bigness, largeness,

magnitude;
signif-

Greater Syria;

jt~\

a.

al-qaum the

greatness,
icance,

eminence,

grandeur;

leaders of the people; jl-eVij y.K"V' the

importance; standing, prestige;


pride,

grandeea and notables


j-Sv
iakblr

nobity;

haughtinesa,

presumpenlargement,
magnification ;
increase,

tion, arrogance

augmentation,
jS~ kubr greatness, eminence, grandeur;
bigness, largeness, magnitude; size, bulk,

enhance-

ment,

aggrandizement;
;

intensification,
;

amplification

exaggeration

augmenta-

exten t, expanse;

power,

might; glory,

tive (gram.); praise, laudation, extolment,

fame, renown, standing, prestige; nobity;

exaltation, glorification ; the exclamation


j-f\
4)1

main

part, bulk

allhu akbar

j$~ kibar bigness, largeness, magnitude


greatness, eminence, grandeur; old
"tjS"

age

*s&* mukbara
ciliousness,

haughtiness,

super-

overweening,

overbearing-

kabra old age


kabir pl.

ness; self-importance, pomposity; stubkibr, *\jS~ kubar' 2

j*S

jLf

bornness, obstinacy, BeLf-will

great, big, large, sizable; bulky, volumi-

jLfl

)b6r

admiration; deference,

re-

nous, spacious ; extensive, comprehenaive


significant, considerable, formidable, huge,

spect, regard, esteem


jSi'i

takabbur and

j&j

takbur pride,

vast,

enormous;

powerful,

influential,

haughtinesa, presumption, arrogance


|

distinguished, eminent; important; old

jUJI

1^*1

jS

k.

umar*

al-b.

Admiral of
al-kadam

j&* mukabbir
ti-j^Jl

pl. -t

Q ampliiier

(el.)
|

the Fleet (Eg.); fU'1

IjS

k.

j&~* m. ap-faut or Jy-* j&** (?autl)

; ; ;

811

j4
**5
attack
kobsa
(n.

loud-speaker (radio); IjSL.

IjlJti

(nayfdra)

vic.)

raid,

surprise

magnifying glaas
jS^. mukabbira pl. -t magnifying glaea

^LS"

Jcabbs piaton; press;

ramrod
|

j&i* mukabbar enlarged, magnified


|

O ^^S
iJ

^j*

(ms) penknife

*j&*

~*j_y*

(fira)

enlargement, blowup
increaaingly,

~*S

leabU preserved (esp. in vinegar),

(phot.);

*j&-

*jj**i

on a

pickled; pickled food, preserves; intercalary,


*-ju5*

larger scale, to
jjSL.

an increaaing degree

intercalated,

interpolated

ii-

mukbir presumptuous, arrogant,


haughty,

(mna) leap year


{

supercilious,

overweening

quarrelsome, oontentious, cantankerous


aelf-willed, obstinate,

^-veS* kba pl. s*u\' kawbU* nightmare, incubus; terrible vision, phantom,

stubborn; atickier

bugbear
j-*^* mikbas
pl.

j&u mutalcabbir proud, imperious, high*


handed,
haughty,
supercilious,

^fc.

malebia*

or

over-

^USU

mikbs

pl.

weening
* jS"

^pulC mahbU*
|

presa;

piston (of a pump); ramrod

jkill iJ

-^

kabar capers; caper shrub

m. al-qufn cotton preaa;


letter press,

copying

O oLLLi-'l press; O J 1

^^xSC
,j-*^-

IsjS" kabrata to coat

with sulfur (*

s.th.)

to

(m'i) hydraulio press


(j-^-S-T

sulfurize, sulfurate (* s.th.); to vulcanize

takbis
*J

maasage

(a s.th.)

Z~ijf kibrit sulfur; matches

C^jS" *jt

<-j6

T la kbisa compressor raided, attacked; press

'd

k.

matches, a match

^yS^

makbs

<jjS~ kibrita match, matchstick

ed; preserved, pickled; oL-j-C canned goods, conserves

JJj^T

kibriti sulfureous, sulfurate, sul|

furous, sulfuric

Ji_nT *[*

(hammm)

JjaS* leabaX or *J^_

& kabsla capsule;


detonator;

per-

sulfur bath;

^jf

^JL. {yanb') sulfur

cussion
fastener

cap,

primer,

snap

spring

CjI^jS" kibritt sulfate

^S
pl.

kabaSa u (kabS) to take a handful (*

^ jf

kubri or

tjjjf (from Turk. kpr)


deck

of s.th.); to grasp with the hand, clench


(* s.th.)

iSjlS" kabri bridge;

jS
,_

kabS

pl.

J\S

kibS,

J\S\

akbi

r^j kabasa

(kabs) to exert pressure J* on), (


s.th.

ram, male sheep; bellwether; chieftain,


chief, head,

press
(

(J*
;

or

on

s.th.),

squeeze

leader; battering-ram; pile


(pl.^^jTjfcufciJbuttresa,

J*

s.th.)

to attack, raid, take to

by surprie
- ,.H

driver;
pier,
(iU-ill

rammer;

(*

a place);

intercalate

(fj-j

stay,

prop,
k.

support

mulberry
|

us-mnata bi-yaumin a day in a leap year)


to

uiS

at-tofdum

(pl.

^jS)

preserve

(in

vinegar,

or

the

like),

bumper
cloves
Li*3

(railroad);

pickle (* s.th.);

to marinate (* s.th.);

^ J.jS k. qaranfvl

to conservo (* s.th.) II to press or squeeze

hard

(* s.th.); to

massage

( s.o.)

kabSa a handful; grasp, grip

,j-S habe pressure, squeeze, pressing;


raid, attack ;preservation (esp. in vinegar),

ii*5

kabSa ladle, scoop


pl.

*S' kubSa

^jS

kubaS hook, clamp,

pickling; intercalation (of a day; aatron.)

cramp, brace; clasp, brooch

dS
^S kdbkaba to topple, upset, capsize, overturn, turn upside

812

-S"

kataba u {katb,

l~f

kitba,

h\^

kitba)

down,

revert, invert

to write, pen, write down, put


writing,

down

in

(*s.th.); to spill (*s.th.)

note
book,

down,
register

inscribe,
{*

enter,

record,

s.th.);

to

piC-T kabikaj AsUtio crowfoot (Ranunculus


aaiaticus; bot.)
1

oompose, draw up, indite, draft


to bequeath,

(* s.th.);

make over by

will

(J

]S

kabala
(

(habl) to
s.o.);

put in kons, shackle,


(

s.th. to s.o.); to prescribe (J* * s.th. to


s.o.);

fetter

to keep waiting
for the

.o.,

* for

fl.th.,

esp.

payment of a
( s.o.,

s.th.

to

to foreordain, deatine (J or J* * b.o.; of God); pass. hutiba to be

debt) II to put in irons, shackle, fetter


( b.o.) III

fated,

be foreordained, be deatined (J
|

to keep waiting
for the
off

* for

to

B.o.)

l
.

B.th.,

eap.

payment of a

debt),

resolved to
*i*

.,

**j J* ^S" to be firmly make it one's duty to


. . .

defer,

put

(j-dl

ad-daina the pay-

i_^T to write from

b.o.'s

diotation;

ment of a debt)
J.T
kahl, ktbl

t)S
pl

^S

(kitbah)

to

draw up the
marry
s.o.

marriage oontract for

s.o.,

JjS hubuL

leg iron,

chain, Bhackle, fetter

(* ( (J* to) II to to form or deploy in squadrons (* troops)


s.o.)
pl.

make

write

B.th.);

x\jS kabli and J^lT kbli

JjIjT

III to

JcawbiP braoket, corbel, oonsole (arcA.);


lean-to roof, pent roof, shed roof [arch.)

letters,

keep up a correspondence, ezchange oorrespond ( with s.o.) IV to

dictate (*

to b.o. s.th.),

make

(. s.o.)

J*lT and J*lT look up alphabetically


jolT
(LT)
pl.

write (* s.th.) VI to write to each other,

exohange

letters,

keep up a correspond-

^LTlook up

alphabetioally
to fall forward

ence VII to Bubscribe VIII to write (*


B.th.);

jS kab u (kabw, kubw)

to oopy (* B.th.),

make a copy
name; to
sub-

(*

of s.th.);
(<J
*->

to enter one's
for);

(*^rji l\-wajhih\ on one's faoe) ; tostumble,


trip, slip;

u to empty
(*
(light);

subscribe
Bcribe (J

to

contribute,

(*

vessel),

pour
to

money

to); to

be entered,

out the oontentB

of a
to

veasel);

be recorded, be registered
(. b.o.)

to

ask

become dim
(dust) IV to

beoome

dull,

to write (* s.th.); to dictate (*

fade lose luster (color); to rise, swirl


fail,

up
to
to have a

s.o. s.th.),

fa to produce a spark

make ( b.o.) write copy made ( by s.o.)


pl.

(* B.th.);

(lighter) VII to fall


trip, slip

headlong; to stumble,

c-^
writing,
fall,

kb

w^T
paper ;

kutub

piece

of

reoord,

letter,

note,

IjS

habvxt (n. vic.)

tumble, drop;

message; document, deed; oontract (eap.


dust

Btumble, trip,

slip, falsa Btep;

marriage
dull,

oontract) ;
|

^K" kbin
slack,

dim, pale, dead,


-IT

flat;

Koran; the Bible


revealed

book
1

-jLi&I
<*** *-*

the

>'

the

weak, deorepit; see

alphabeti-

people of the Book, the adherenta of a


religion,

cally

the

kitabis,

i.e.,

jL5""

see

>^S

Christians

and Jews; r^j

v^"

^-

a% ~
h.

zawdj marriage contract; J'^UII ^liT


af-faiq bill of divorce;
li

c^jS" see w-5'

Jww*bS*((o*mI)

C-T katta cS*

(kaU) to

hum

teztbook; i^t^l
softly
^i$3l jIj library

v^

oredentials [dipl.);

hott

and c^sf

hallt Boft

humming

^T
dealer

hubl

pl.

-ya bookseller, book-

rj^f

katlOg pl. -t catalogue

813

US
office;

Zte-bf kitbbna ind U^S* hdubkna


library; bookstore

desk

jU^I ^Cand .Li^l w^Service;

news agenoy, preag agency, wire


OjjJl
Vt

vlif huttdb pl. Lj-uUf kattib* kuttab, Koran Bchool (lowest elementary chool)
^xS" kuiayyib booklet
Att kitba (act or practice
of) writing;

^C

post office;

^
j^Jl

.b^Ji

^j.
m.
^=S^,

(ra'isi)

main post
telegraph

offloe;

J^.

al-barq
editorial

office;

^\
.

room; oU^Lil

central office;

^i. telephono oL^UI ^S^ m aa-aafa*


l^Ji m. oloLc-^1 y-^ desk

ort of writing, penmansbip; syBtem of


writing, Script; inacription; writing, leg-

riyt (*yr.) travel agency;

^^

ty-tihha board of health;

end; placard, poster; piece of writing,


record, paper ; secretariat ; written amulet,

Information

offioe,

Information

news agency, press agency, wire Service


<s maktaba
pl. -<U,

charm;

pl.

oLUT
in

writings, essays; liT


|

^Jot* moiifr 1

kitbatan
*-i

writing

^bSJL

written;
oral

library; bookatore; desk

UT

jUj

bi-dn

k.

unwritten,

blank;
ical

jUl UT

hiatoriography, hiator-

O <-jU*

mtiftSi typewriter

writing;

UjoJI

^LJ"

k.

ad-datda
<.l*

<Jl- muktaba

ezohange

of letters,

(Magr.) secretariat of State;

^LT
_J

correspondence
i-jL^TI iktitb enrollment, regiatration,

('mma) secretariat general; ^b50l

wwi

al-h.

pen name,

nom
liJ

de plume;
lugat al-h.
al-h.

jb&l

yT

entering
typewriter; <jUS^l

(of one's

name);

(pl.

.#)

literary language;

b&l jjj wataq

subscription; contribution (of funds)


*_jUxi-I istilctb dictation

writing paper
cjtJ"' kitbi

written, in writing; clerical;


relating

jL&J

istiidbi:

LjbS^-lijTdictaphone

literary;

scriptural,

to

the

<_JlT ktib pl. -fln,

revealed Scriptures (Koran, Bible); kitbi,

^lif

huttdb,

*^S*

kataba writer; scribe,

adherent of a revealed religion; the


|

scrivener;

secre-

written part (of an examination)


cjliT
(alfa)

tary; clerk typiat; office worker, clerical

*->jL*\

employee;

(uslb)
slip

literary

style;

LjLf iLU
error;

clerk, registrar, actuary, court


|

clerk; notary; writer, author


k.

of the
clerical

pen,

clerical

i-)UT

JLM

work, office work,

iJjoJI ^JlT ad-daula (Magr.) (under)secretary of

Btate;

_^JI

desk work; uUjl J|]l (kaml) literary


perfection;

,_Jir k. as-sirr private secre^j'lT (qieapi) writer, novelist;


k.

taryj^^^J
~x^l .-JlT
Lj"^" *)T

i-jUT

<ii

(Inga) literary lan-

guage;
clerical

uliT

al-mahkama court

clerk;

(Joli^,

(muwazzaf)

clerk,
office)

typewriter
kltba pl. -t

worker (of a government

Jb
i-i=T katiba pl.

^JUf

woman

secretary;

kat'ib*

aquadron;

authoress, writer
<-?_>&*

cavalry detachment; (Eg. 1939) battalion,


(Ir.

after

1922)

regiment,

(later)

bat-

malctb written, written down,


fated,

talion, (Syr.)

battahon of armored, cav-

recorded;
(J or

foreordained,

destined

alry, or motorized, Units (miJ.); (piece of)

writing, record, paper,

document; written

J* to s.o.); s.th. written, writing; (pl. ^-wK- Tnaktib*) a writing, mes-

amulet

sage, note; letter

^-^

maktab

pl. ^_Jl.

maktib 1 office;
study; school,

<_Jl.

muhtib correspondent; (news-

bureau; business

office;

paper) reporter
<_-i. muktatib subscriber

elementary school; department, agency,

^
iJliT and *JU^T Bee

^^
kui'

J^L.

miktal

pl.

Jjl*

maktiP large

basket

^f\

akta'

pl.

*^"

having crippled

fingen; one-armed

J=&
to fetter, shackle
(.

takattvi formation of blocs (pol.)

J^ll i-L-

policy of blocs (pol.)


clotted,

Jxf

kaiafa
esp.

(katf)

b.o.,

by tying
to

his hands); to tie up,


tie

J^c*
trated,

mutakattil

lumpy, agconcen-

bind

(* e.th.) II

the hand behind

glomerate,

cluatered,

massed;

the back; to cross, fold (* handa, arma

compact; burly, husky, atocky,

behind the back or

in front

of the ehest)
one's

heavily built (body)


J3"

V and X to
VI

crosa

or

fold

arms
to

katama u (katm, ^T kitmn) to bide


(a B.th., js.

to stand Shoulder

to Shoulder;

from
(*

s.o.); e.th.,

to conceal, Becrete,
je-

support one another; to be united in


eolidarity,

keep Beeret

from

s.o.);

to

stand together
kitf
;

euppress, repress, restrain, check, curb,


trf'l
aktf,

J*f
UlS"

katif, katf,

pl.

Bubdue

(*

anger, passion)

to hold (* one's

kiiafa

Shoulder

Shoulder

blade,

breath); to lower, muffle (* thevoiee);

scapula; mountain slope;


of a
pier
|

end Bupport
buttresa,

to

stifle,

8mother, quench (*
s.o. 's

fire)
|

{f

bridge;

(pl.

JLrf"l aktf)
I

<-L*jl
s.o.

to take

breath away, drive


II

Ji&\

JJjj

-la

(tu'kaln) that's
it!

out of his sensea

to hide, conceal

certainly not the

way

to do

that's no

(* s.th.) III to hide, conceal, keep, with-

way to handle
JUf
kitf

it!

hold (*
<Jt=T

from

b.o. B.th.)

to keep silent, VIII

pl.

kutuf

shackle,

hold one's tongue, keep

mum

II

manacle, handeuff

X
.UiT kntfa
1
,

to aak

(*

s.o.)
*

to keep (* a aecret);

to confide (*

to s.o. s.th.)
kitjnn
aecrecy,

J^\
1

aktaf\

f.

pl.

J*=f
1$"

kutf broad-ehouldered

katm

and ^S~

concealment. Beeret ion, silence; restraint,

C^=5~ katkat

floss, silk

waste
katkit* chicken,

control,
tion)

Buppression

(esp.

of

an emo-

cjj&T
chick

katkt

pl.

c-ftf

~f
and
II to

katlm

hut

tight,

hermetically

kaiala u (katl)

agglomerate,
a

sealed,

impenetrable, impermeable, im-

conglomerate,

gather

into

compact

perviouB
ffS" katm reticent, reserved, secretive,

maas, press into a

lump
up,

(* s.th.)

to be

heaped

up,

piled

agglomerated,

uncommunicative, taciturn, discreet


(bT*

cluatered, clotted, massed, presaed into

kitm

{eg.)

constipation
Becrecy,
Becretivenesa,
discre-

a compact maas or lump; to agglomerate,


Cluster, clot, pile up, gather in

a maas; to

J3w

takattum

unite in a bloc or group

reticence,

reserve,

taciturnity,

IkT
beam,
"*

kittla

pl.

^S" kutal lump, chunk,


maas; cube; block; bloo;
lintel,

tion

clod, clot; bulk,


joist,

fl^Tl iktitm
eecrecy, silence

concealment, Becretion,

tranaom,

girder

JiT

(baSariya)

crowda,

thronga,

massea; Ji-J sT
of the body, frame;

kuiiat

al-jasad

bulk

ff ktim:
secretary

jJ\

ff

k.

as-sirr (private)

uL

1/1

J. &S* (a'fOb)
4-Jjll

a fearless,

husky

fellow;

Ik&l

fj&* malm hidden,


preserved (Beeret);
{eg.)

concealed, kept,

(wafaniya) the National Bloo

constipated

81S

jO
kutr
large

^S' katina a (katan) to be


smutty, blackened by aoot
soll (* s.th.)

dirty,
II

aoed,

quantity,

abundance,

to smut,

plenty; major portion, greater part

ijS~ katra large quantity, great

num-

JS" katan

dirt,

smut, aoot

ber, multitude,

abundance, copiousness,
frequency,
multiplicity,

"lif kattn (kiUn) flax; linen


<jl^T kattni

numerousness,
plurality;

majority, major

portion

(j*

made

of linen, linen (adj.)

i^T
lS

(It.

catena) katina (watch) chain

's&i plentifully, abundantly, a lot; J&\ * jam' al-k. plural of multitude


I

(gram.)
katta
i

(f

katat,

UliT kaifa,

*j_t

if
si5 katxr
pl. -n, jliS" kitr

kutta) to be thick or dense (esp. hair)


*i.i5"

much, many,

numeroua, abundant,

plentiful, copious;

katat thicknesa, density


katt

frequent; a large portion, a great deal,

ilS

and i^iT

&z*i( thick, dense,

a great many, a lot; _^S3l the most part,

thick -grown, denaely crowded


.--tT

most

(j- of); \j^S" katiran very,

much, to
|

a large extent; often, frequently


katab nearness,
._-a

U \j^
(after

proximity, vicinity
|

katiran

often, frequently;
fax,

>i&
j.

j
(or

J* and j* ^iS'
of,

je-

in the vicinity

a comparative) j jjj^^Jl the

by

far;
of,

>ill f
of;

neighborhood)

near;

^if

(j*) j*

majority

most
;

from nearby, at a short distance


^-1$* JfcaHfe pl. jiTl oJfcftfeo, ..iT jfcuiufe,

plenty

of,

a great many, a
j^i&l.^tJI

lot of

J* sif
it

toomuchfor;

mostof itj^Lfi-i*
on

Lif kutbn
jO* katara

sandhill,

dune

that's pretty atrong! that's laying

thick! olij^lj.

(katr) to

outnumber, exceed in

^T jandJ^TUI j
(Astragalus

number
to be

(*,

s.o., s.th.)

katura u (iJS"
fre-

frequently, often

katra) to be

much, many or numerous;

lydT katlr* 2 tragacanth

more (je than); to happen


multiply,

gummifer

Lab.;

bot.);

gum

obtained

quently, occur often; to increase, aug-

from tragacanth
jO
I

ment,

grow

II

to

increase,
(*
e.th.)
(*,

aktar 2

more; oftener, more

fre-

augment, Compound, multiply


III to

quently; more numerous; longer; most;

outnumber, exceed in number


to vie in quantity or

major portion, greater part, majority;


jJS'^l the majority, moat
of

s.o., s.th.);
{*,

number

them
|

with) IV to do
to
s.o.

a.th.);

give

much (j- in or of much or frequently


do constantly,

more and more; JS"^\ A* at most; latest; j-Vl Jf\ aktara l-amr at
I

jO jO

(,> J to

of

a.th.); to

best; illS j*jS'\ besidea, moreover

always or frequently (j* or


increase,

s.th.);

to
*ijO
I

augment
form

<* s.th.)

VI to band
(J*
a-

aktariya majority

together,
gatnst)

a gang,

rally

jli. miktr very talkative, garrulous

IV; to regard as too much,


find as

deem
s.th.);

exceaaive,

exorbitant
high,
as

j^Sj
(*

taktir

increase,

augmentation,

to regard
{*

too

too

multiplication, propagation,
vision,
jlii

ample Pro-

troublesome

B.th.);

to
B.th.,

think

not
with

abundant supply
I

worth

the

trouble
s.o.);

(*

J*
for

iktr

increase,

augmentation,

regard to
s.th.); to

to begrudge (*

demand much, ask

J* s.o. a lot
|

multiplication, propagation,
vision,

ample Proraising,

abundant supply;

in-

^i

^r^i-l (bi-kairihi) to

thank

b.o.

crease (esp. of the yield)


jfc
takfw growth, increase; multiplication, propagation, proliferation

816

t\j^

katird,**

tragacanth (Astragalus gumbot.};

mifer Lab.;

gum

obtained from

tragacanth
jSi, muldir rieh, well-to-do

J&z* mutaktir numeroue,


f-UjJl

extensive;
I

-T

kakha u to cough
'& hihha cough

manifold, multifarious, multiple

j&u

m.

ar-riqff

patched in numerous

cS
$

kahaia a

and

II

(eg.)

to

sorape

off,

places

Scratch off ( s.th.)


Jcjtf*

kaiufa

{liS' kaffa) to

be thick or

kahkaha

to

oough,

cough

slightly,

dense; to thicken, be Condensed, become


thicker or denser II to

hack

make

thick or

dense, thicken, compresB, solidify, concentrate (* s.th.); to inspissate,


(* s.th.);

4*S kahkaha

short, diy

cough

condense

to increase the capacity

kahaia u a (kahl) and II to rub, paint or smear (with kohl) (the eyea) V and VIII to
coJor (the edges of ) the eyelids with kohl
|

V and VI to grow denser, become concentrated; to thicken, become viscous;


to be Condensed

(Li>) L*l> J*^Tl U (gamdan, gimdan,

gumdan) to

find
pl.

no sleep
Jll

t_VC
sirupy

katifjA. <JUT kitf thick; dense;

j
mony

khl

akhl

antimony;

compact; heavy, coarse, crude; viscoua,


{e.g.,

kohl, a preparation of pulverized anti-

sauce)

used for darkening (the edges of)

US* katfa thickness; density; heaviness


;

the eyelids; any preparation for coloring


the eyelids

Bolidity,

firmness;

compaetness,
degree of
(el.)
\

fullness, intensity; considtency,

j j

kahal black coloring (of the edges)

density or viscosity;
tSCjl

capacity

of the eyelids
kahil

liT

it.

as-sukkn
*LiS"

density k
-

of

popuiation;
sonority,

O c^\

darkened with kohl, dyed

ttf-faut

black (eyelids)

sound intensity

j
<JaJ& taldif compression, concentration,
solidification ;

khlt dark blue,

navy blue
Alling

condensation

il

kuhla

(eg.)

pointing,

or

grouting of the joints (of a wall j maaonry)


iJutSCj taktuf concentration, consolida-

tion; condensation
i_ii. mulcattif pl. -i capacitor,

jl
con-

akhoP,

f.

>
j/l

kahld'*,

pl.

j
arm

khl black (eye);


vein **) kahld'
(eg.)

the medial

denser

jwi.

J^.

(mutagayyir) variable

a variety of blueweed
bot.)

capacitor (radio)
i_ii.

(Echium cericeum V.;


kahil
pl.

mukaftaf Condensed

ijuo* mxitaktif massing, concentrating, gathering,

katil* black, J_C dyed black, darkened with kohl (eyelid);


Jll

pUing up; dense

horse of noblest breed

_'1K* II takaflaka to

become
pl.

{a)

Catholic

J^C kuhl alcohol,

spirit

JJ^iT katliH
lic;

*&iS'katlaka Catho-

J^C

kuhli alcoholic, Bpirituous

a Catholic
al-katlaka Catholicism

^)S kuhailn horse J_ kuhai and


of noblest breed

&L&I

; ;

wJS
Jl kihl antimony powder, eye powder
Jl kahhl eye doctor,
designation)
oculist
(*
s.th.),

trouble,

diaturb,

spoil,

rffle

(old

{* s.th.,

Jp

for s.o., e.g., s.o. 's

peace of

mind); to grieve, worry, trouble, vex,


irritate,

annoy, molest, diaturb, distress

J. miA&oZ and JUX* miiAZ kohl stick, pencil for darkening the eyelids

s.o.)

to be turbid, roily,

muddy,

roiled,

troubled; to be angry, be sore

*LSi* mukhula
Container,
(syr.) rifle,

pl.

J^-BC makhiP kohl


solar

(<> at s.th.), feel offended, be annoyed,

kohl

jar ;

quadrant

be displeased (j* by
(^>
at,

s.th.),

be peeved

gun

about)

VII to become turbid,

J-*j tatf treatment of the eyes with

muddy,

dull, flat; to

swoop down

(bird)

kohl

jjf kadar turbidity, muddiness, cloudpl.

J^S* kah

J^-ljTteud^tZ 1 anklebone
pl.
j-I^S"
fax

iness,

opaqueness,
grief,

roedness;

worry,
Ir-

sorrow,

distress,

vexation,

<

kikya and i^S* kjciya


u>fcin butler,

ritation,

annoyance

Steward
to

joT kudra turbidity, muddiness, cloudiness, roiledness, impurity;


o.a.,

oT kadda u (kadd)
toil,

work hard, exert

dingy

color,

labor, slave; to fatiguo,

wear out,
( (

dinginess

overwork, exhaust, weary,


II to

tire

s.o.) s.o.)

ijjf kadara clod of

dirt, filth

chase away, drive

away

jjf

kadir
roily,
;

and

j oT

kadir
flat,

turbid,

VIII and

to urge, drive, rush

( b.o.);

muddy,
grimy

roiled;

dull,

dingy,

to wear out, overwork, exhaust, weary,


tire ( s.o.)

(color)

worried, troubled, disturbed


f.

jJLfl akdar*,

.Ijof

kadr'*, pl.

jof

oT

kadd trouble, pains,

labor,

toil,

kudr dingy, swarthy, dark-colored

hard work ijjf kadd industrious, hard-working,


diligent

jj&

takdir roiling, troubling, ruffling;

offending, offense, affront, indignity

jjz+ mutakaddir angry, sore, peeved

*j&~>

makdd worn

out, exhausted,

<<>

at),

annoyed,

irritated,

offended

overworked
^jS"

(-by)
o.s.,

kadaha a (kadh) to exert


toil,

work

^jtT look up alphabetically

hard,

labor, slave (j in or with s.th.)

VIII to

eam

a living (JLJ li-'iylihi for

^-oT kadasa
up,

(kads)

and

II to pile up, (*

heap
to

one's family)
^jS" kadh exertion, 'joT
toil,

accumulate,

amass

s.th.);

cram together, press together, compress


labor, drudgery
(* s.th.)

to be heaped up, be piled up;

kadura u and kadira a (kadar, JjloT

to pile up, accumulate (intr.); to press


together, get
^-jlS"*

kadra, SjjOT kudra, jjJlT kudr, ijjf

crammed up
pl.

kudra)

to

be

turbid,

roily,

roiled (liquid);

kadira a
swarthy,

muddy,
blackish,
(color)

kuda

^-lufl akds heap, pile;

(kadar, juT

stack (of gram, hay, etc.)


^-IjlT Jrudd*pl. orjj|jLS'* kaddia* he&p,
pile; stack (of grain, hay, etc.)

kudra) to be dingy,
flat,

muddy, cloudy,
grimy

(kadar, ijjjf kudra) to be dreary, un-

happy
II

(life);

to be

angry (J with
to
roil,

s.o.)

UoT
j

kudsa heap,

pile,

stack

to

render

turbid,

muddy

^-j-lSo takdis

accumulation; stacking

,,;;

tf
^jf
kadaSa
i

818

(IcadS)

to gain,

eam

ij]i5*

see

1J

fca

^j-iS" kadtS pl,

^-iT hudS cart horse,

SjT see _,_/


a _p**

nag, jade
itarra

(karr,

*!$"

kadama u
;

(kadm) to bite (with the

to

turn

around and attack

jjjf kurr, j\J& takrr) J* s.o.


(

front teeth)
4,-15"

to bruise, contuse
pl.
;

s.th.);

to return,

come back,
fall

recur; to

kadma

kadamt

bite;

wound

withdraw, retreat,
(J*
s.o.),

back; to attack

oaused by a bite bruise, contuaion

bear

down (J* upon);

(jjf

karir) to rattle in the throat II to

&&

Jcadd

(kady) to give

little,

skimp,

repeat, reiterate,
(* (*
s.th.);

do again, do repeatedly and over again

stint II to
Sj-i5"

beg IV

to pose over

hudya begging, mendicity


li

a queation, J* to s.o.), ask (J* s.o.) to clarify repeatedly (* a question)


;

lT ka-d see

ka
feotftb,

filter (* s.th.);

to rectify, purify (* s.th.);

LjT io^afca

(Wi6,

* S*

Jfcatffta,

kidba)

to refine (* sugar, etc.)

to be repeated,
rectified,

to lie; to deceive, delude,


teil ( s.o.)

mislead; to

be reiterated, recur; to be
purified,

be

or Jp 8.0.) a lie, to lie (* or J* to II to accuse of lying, call a Jiar

be refined
|

jf

karr attack, Charge

^Ij
by

_^Jl {farr)

( s.o.),

disbeeve

a.o.,

give the

lie

to s.o.

attack and retreat


alternately,
Starts,

(in battle);

jj

jS"

jo
and
J*

();
(l-*

to disprove, refute,

disown,

deny

intermittently,

fits

or a s.th.)

J*i l

^iT U
a

he did not
to
lie;

by

jerks;

j^-dl^J and

JS"

hesitate to do so IV to cause
to call a liar, prove

( s.o.)

j*

(ifc.

iz-zaman) in the course of time


karra

liar {. s.o.),

give

the

lie (

to

s.o.)

\_f

attack; return, comebaok,


(pl. -t)
;

recurrence;
h-'iT kidb,

one time {=
karratan
|

S^,);

kadib

and

iJ5"

kadba,
|

hundred

thousand

once

kidba

lie;

deceit,

falsehood,

untruth

sometimes, at times; at a time

jj*-\ jf

J;y

'

**&

April fool's joke


liar
liar,

karratan vkr a aecond time, once more;

<_jj-tf*

kadb

t" Xu
swindler; lying, un-

ijS"

repeatedly, time

and again

^105" kaddb

j\jS" look

up

alphabetically
return,

truthful; false, deceitful

jj^S"

kurr

Comeback,

re-

ijiTl ukdba
^05"!

pl. *-jjK*I

akdlb*
liar,

lie

currence; succeaaion, aequence, order

akdab*

greater

more
|

karir rattle in the throat

mendacious, more untruthful,


Sj.

falser

*ij\jf

kurrriya

pl.

-t

(eg.)

spool,

l_, -

^05"!

(muaailimata) a greater

bobbin, reel

liar

than Musailima (proverbially of a liar)


denial
liar;

^, makarr

pl. -t reel

*_-jiS^ takdib

jj&
lying,

takrlr

repetition,

reiteration;
purification,

^iS*
false,

kSdift

untruthful;
delusive,
^_j
|

clarification,

rectification,
j

deceptive,

fallacious,

refinement; refining

^Jl

j^

J-**-

specious, sham, make-believe

iS* J-l
(fioZp)

ma'mal
j l^So
Ijl^^So

t.

aa-sukkar sugar refinery


takrr
repetition,

(amal) fallacious hope; ^iS*


Blander, defamation (/ur.)

_*>b

reiteration

takrran
|

repeatedly,
Ijl^*

frequently,

L^jiSC makib false, untrue, fabricated,

quite often

\j\j&j

{mirran) re-

trumped up

peatedly, time

and again

e/
jj* mulcarrar repeated, reiterated
following twioe

g^jf

kurbj, kirbj pl.

^J"

karblf whip,

(number),

bis

(after

lash, riding whip,

kurbash
karbls 2

number); a multiple;
refined
|

reotified, purified,

J-r

. Jy*. (aukkar) refined sugar;

u^J"

kirbe

pl.

^^J"

a white

jj. XV ,^page37b
j_^i. mulakarrir recurring, recurrent,
reiterated, reiterative; repeated, frequent
r-I^T gari pl. -t garoge (ayr.)

cotton fabric
Jlj_^" kirbl pl.

Jj \J"karb\l* teasing bow (for combing or carding cotton); coarse sieve


karbaUt* Karbala (holy city of the

*%J"

Shiites in central Iraq)

j\J" karr

pl, -t

pantry, storeroom; cellar

jij" (Fr. carbon) karbn coal


hi\jS" karfatta neoktie, cravat

jtj" 3jj

waraq
1

k.

carbon paper
(eg.)

Li^Tl^
J^I^T

karkfiy Cracow (city in S Poland)

Cj\J" kurrt

i-l/'

(Fr. caramel)

karmSl caramel candy

'OjTl akrat % curly, kinky (hair)


l

^jf
{*

karaba

(karb) to oppress, distress,


fill

JJ"

kartana to put under quarantine, to

grieve, worry, trouble,


s.o.);

with concern
a
beast

to overburden

{*

of
%

quarantine (J* s.o.) II takartana to be put under quarantine, be quarantined

brden)

IV

to
to

hurry,

hasten,

rush

yj"

kartn pl.

VII and VIII

be

worried, grieved,

^J"

karttn' cardboard,

pasteboard; carton

troubled, distressed, anxious, apprehensive, feel concern,

be afraid

i_^" karata u
distress,

(kart) to oppresB, depress,

^J"
cern,

karb

pl.

^jj"

worry,
affect,

kurb

trouble

worry,
concern,

s.o.);

to

sorrow, care, grief; apprehension, conanxiety,


fear;
distresa,

move

s.o.)

IV do.

trouble;

VIII to care (J for), heed, bear in


(J s.th.),

mind an

pain, torment, torture,

agony
Jcurab

pay attention

(J to), take

interest <J in)

**^"

kurba

pl.

i-^r

worry,

sorrow, care, grief; apprehenaion, concern,

i-jT
tressed,

karit

oppressed, depressed, disworried,


troubled,

anguiahed,

anxiety,

fear;

distress,

trouble;

pain, torment, torture,

agony

vexed, annoyed
il_^"

iij^*

makrb

sad, worried, grieved,

karrt, kurrt leek (Allium porbot.)

rum

L.;

sorrowful, distressed; apprehensive, anxious, alarmed, fearful, troubled, acared,


<L>\J$'\

iktirdt

attention,
j

care,

heed,

confused; see alpha betically


t-jjSi,

notice, ooncern, intereBt

ilj^TVl

muktarib sad, worried, grieved,

qiat al-ikt. indifference

sorrowful, distressed; apprehensive, anxious, alarmed, fearful, troubled, aoared,

ijlT

krit

oppressive,

depressing,

grievoua, painful

confused

UjlT krita
|

pl. <L>j\jf

kawrip disaster,
k.

i^f
j

kreb crepe

dr^JJ

V-^ *
de Chine

^**w

ft

nd

catastrophe

jUl.^1 jlT

al-amfr

i~/jf k. iin crepe

natural catastrophe, torrential rains

i_jj_^ karb

and Jj_^* karbi

pl. -n,

*jjj^*

rj^

al-kurj the Georgians

krvbxm cherub, archangel

jrj" kurji Georgian

(adj.

and

n.)

c/
j-jT kirh
pl. j-ljTl oibrA

820

monk's

cell

(nwfi) theApostolio See; Jjji.^.jT chaise

longue; deck ohair;

iU.1

^U-jT karakna

pl.

-<K,

jw^jT
brothel

fcarfcin

^J"
fc.

k.

l-malik

royal throne; iSXil ^-jT


oapital,

hmamlaka
(hazzz)
k.
fll

Workshop, faotory;
j^U-jT

(eg.)

metropolis; jlj
chair;

^J"

karknji

artisan,

craftaman

rocking
Professor

^J"

il^l ustd

jjI al-fcurd the Kurds

j_ll **.
{pl.

Kurdistan
~4*.\f

kurraa pl.

-t,

&J
Kurd
|

jljT tarri*'

kurdi Kurdiah;
il_^*VI

jIjTI akr&d)

quire ;

booklet ;

notebook,

oopy b ook
faa-

J^r jaoi mountains, Kurdistan

aJ-a.

the Kurdish

sketchbook; broohure; installment,


cicle (of

a book)

ljijT fctrdtfn pl.

^j'jT

JtortJdln 1

necklace

j-jT

II to consecrate, dedicate, inaugurate,

^i^"
to

JurtAuato heap up,

pile

up

open ceremonially
(*a.th.);

hal(* s.th.; Ckr.)f to

crowd together, cram together (*, * s.o., s.th.) II takardasa to be heaped up, be piled up; to flock together, crowd together

low, Banotify
oate,

(* e.g., prinoiplea);

to dedi-

devote (J m
jSsj takris

s.th.

to

s.o.)

^
ed

consecration, dedication,
(Chr.) ;

oeremonial Inauguration

devot-

jijT

(Fr.

cordon) kordn

pl.

-d*
|

ribbon, braid, laoe, trimming


(fiihhi)

cordon;

ing, dedication

j*J
^jSs* mukarras consecrated; dedicat|

sanitary cordon
i

^J** U

holy water (Chr.)

jJ" karaza
refuge
(Jl

(jjj" kurz) to hide,

seek

with)

fy*f
VU

hurs* pl.

^(jT karal'*

carpal end

of the ulna, oarpal bone, wristbone

jjT

karaia {harz) to preach, apread (J-*

bi-l-injll

the Gospel)

Jt^J" karmfa to hamatring, hook


animal)

(*

an

jjf

harz

and *j\J" karxa sermon,


|

preachig of the Gospel

S-J^ll 'j\&

t-jT

Jfctrtnno,

Hfjonna a variety of vetoh

(marqusiya) the missionary provinoe of


St.

(bot,)

Mark, the Jurisdiction of the Coptio

Patriarchate
jjSi'i

J.f

karita a (karai) to be wrinkled, shrivel-

ed,

crumpled,

crinkled,

puckered;

to
into

iakHz

pl.

>jfc

takrlt* oonsecra-

shrivel,

form wrinklea, be drawn


II

tion, benediction {Chr.)

wrinklea

to wrinkle one's face, knit

j jG* hriz preacher

one's browa, frown

jjT karax

(coli.; n.

un.

I)

oheny

J.f
minanta

kirS,

karii

f.,

pl.

j\/\

akrS,

JjJ' hwi stomaoh


oraw);

(primarily of ru-

iSJj" **"* cherry-red

paunch; belly
intestinee

i^_^* II to lay the foundation (* of a huilding)

*^J" hiria

(eg.) tripe,

to stick together, cohere

jjf (eg.)

krtia a thin, crinkled fabrio;

#.f
fesaorial

kurA

pl.

^.IjT

kardHy,
see ;

^f
pro*
socle

crepe

karsin chair ;
cbair ;
{techn.)

throne,
baas,
|

aeat ;

^^l
bellied,

akraP and ^jZ* mukriS pot-

pedeetal,

bearing
Jj

J-j

^f

paunchy

k.

bll

and
re-

^J"

(bii) hall bearing;

J\*

^f

JjijT

karinl Karahuni, rabio written in

volving stool, awivel chair; J^*jJl tf-^'

Syriao charactera

?s
iL^T
look up alphabetically; -tjl^T, J>j\J"
jf/T

kurkum
;

(bot.)

tunnerio (Curcuma longa

ibid.

L.

plant and rootatock); curoumin


apinel ruby (gern)
(eg.)

gyT

fcara'a

and kari'a a
to

(kar'',

fjj" kur')

iSJ" karkand
(ml.)

lobster

to sip

wash

one's feet, perform the

partial ablution of the legs (in prepara-

tion for prayer); to belch, burp, eruct

jjfjf karakz ahadow play jfj" karakn


l

i*^T kar'a

(n.vic.) eipping, sip,


f.,

swallow

(eg.) police

Station

^\J" kur' m. and


jG*l

pl.

fj"\ akru\

akri' 2 foot, trotter (esp. of sheep

pJ" karuma u [karam, k>J" karama, i^S"" karma) to be noble, high-minded,


noblehearted,
liberal,
II

or oien); leg; extremity


|

^-i/^l fylTl a.

magnanimous,
to

generous,
precioua
( s.o.);

al-ard the remotest areaa of the earth

munificent;

be

iw^Su takrx'a belching, eructation


jtf
trotter;
kri'
pl.

to call noble

and high-minded
venerate,

to honor, revere,

treat
s.o.

with

^jljT

kawri' 7
(eg.)

foot,

deference

(. h.o.);

to exalt (J#

above
s.o.

ankle, anklebone; pl.

dish

another), bestow honor (Jt

upon

prepared of aheep's trotters


^pijS"

before others)

i^j
himl
to

<il

*J~ (wajhah)

karafs celery

(Apium graveolens L.;

may God honor


erosity
(

III to vie in gen-

s.o.);

meet reverentially,
( s.o.) (

bot.)

with deference, politely


"il/"

IV to
s.o.)

hirk

(syr.) fr

call

noble
(

and

high-minded

to honor

s.o.); to treat reverentially,

'iT/T karaica distilling apparatua, diatilling


flask, retort

with
s.o.),

deference,

politely, hospitably
(

bestow honora
o.e.

upon

s.o.);

to

*Sjf kurkl

pl.

S\jf

karkiy crane

(zool.);

prove

to be high-minded and gen(i_j

j"l_jl (iif) (amai) al-i. pike (zool.)

eroue; to honor, present

s.o.

with),

^^
B

confer

(i_j

upon show

s.o. s.th.)

to feign

karrka

pl.

-t

dredging

raachine,

generoaity; to

one's generous aide;

dredge; penitentiary
iL^r look up alphabetically

to be noble; to be friendly, kind, kindly; to be ao kind, have the kindness


a.th.,
(-_j

to

do

Je with regard to or
to present
(._>

in behalf of

~Sy

karkaba

(eg.)

to

throw into disorder,

a.o.)

upaet, confuse, diaturb (*s.th.); to

make

ly bestow

a noise

(^ J* s.o. with), graciouaJ* upon a.o. a.th.)


*jj" kurm vine,
vineyard
al-k.
;

pJ" kann
*Sji

(coli.) pl.

karkaba

disorder,

confuaion,

grapes,

grapevines ;
|

garden,

muddle, jumble
u-iS^T

orchard

j&\ c- bint

wine

karkaddan,

karkadann rhinoceroa
|

3-^T karma grapevine, vine


l^T

iSj* JS'jf (bahri) narwhal

(zool.)

karam noble nature high-minded;

ness,

J~J" karkara to repeat, reiterate, do repeatedly (* .th.); to rumble (Btomach); to


tickle
|

noble-mindedness,

noblehearted-

ness, generoaity,
friendliness,

magnanimity; kindness,
;

amicabity

il^iJl

liberality,

j J"J"

(dahk) to burst into

munif-

loud laughter, roar with laughter

icence ;

U^T

karaman

moat
|

kindly,

obligingly, out of kindness

j^UVl r_f

ijff karkara loud


(of the

laughter; rumbling

noble -mindedneea, noble character; * S"


fc^l k.

stomach)

al-mahtid noble deacent

f/
^Jl

822

l.jf fcurmoton laka and


for

^Jl

liL-jS"

minded, very noblehearted, most generous

hirmnan laka

your aake, as a favor

to you, in your honor


1^5"

j&
(jSU

makram and
makrim*
|

<*^>

makrama

pl.

harma

nobility; high-minded-

noble

trait,

excellent

ness

noble-heartednesa ;
liberality,

generoaity

quality
istica,

JtjU-Vl

pSU
pl.

noble character-

magnanimity;

munificence;

noble traits of character

honor, dignity; respect, esteem, Standing,

<*jL,

makruma

pXi

makrim*

prestige;

mark of honor, token of


(pl.

noble deed

esteem, favor;

-l)

miracle (worked

by a
honor;

saint)

Ji

~**\J"j

L- {hubban wa*i

karmatan) for

your aake and in your

ing, tribute,
ie

takrim and <._^j takrima honorf ji honor (bestowed on s.o.)

moat gladly, with the greatest pleaeure; oU^S" ._--L* worker of miracles

j&

(takriman) in his honor

*l_^"l

ikrm honor, respect, deference,

tribute; hospitable reception, hospitality;


pl.
.

f J~ learim

L/* kuram'*, \J" forum

kindneas; honorarium
in his honor

|<J

Ll^fl (ikrman)

noble; distinguished, high-ranking, emi-

nent; high-minded, noble-minded, noblehearted; generous,


liberal,

munificent,

vL^"' bonus
j&

ikrmiya

pl.

-t

honorarium;

hospitable, beneficent; benefactor; kind,

mukarram

honored,

revered,

kindly,

friendly,

amicable,

obliging,

venerated; venerable; <*j&\ epithet of

gracious; respectabie, honorable, decent;


precious. valuable, coetly; thoroughbred
see also alphabetically;

Mecca

noble things, namely Holy


pilgrinmge toMeoca
|

jU _^)1 the two War and the

V jf
^J"

and

J" look up
(eg.)

alphabetically

JtiU^I

^J"

high-

karmaSa

to pucker, be

drawn

minded,
noble;

noble-minded,

noblehearted,

into folds; to crinkle,


sbrivel
II

become wrinkled,

descent,

J-*^l f_J" k. al-a?l of noble highborn, highbred; {^J" jf L*(hajar) precious stone, gern;

takarmaJfa do.
fold,

<L*jf karmaSa

crease, wrinkle,

f
the

crinkle, pucker; knitting

thoroughbred horse;
decent income;
reader; <e

rj"^*
tSjLl

(dafcl)

r j&\

gentle

\W

tk^

d-karmal Mount Carmel (prom-

^i\ aUil the precious metals;


l

ontory in

Palestine)

*l_^Jl ja ja aee j*

marra
r\jf karHm* precious
value, valuable;
vital

^*jf karmali Carmelite


*^jf karamill caramel (oandy)
*Jr*L^" 'k

~*s

S"

karima

pl.

thing, object of

part (of the body; esp. eye); daughter;


see also alphabetically
;

UP

alphabetically

lu__jl the

two
.^Ju^Jl al-kremlin the

Kremlin

eyes

(Jl^t)
n(s)

JLLl

f\J" the most prized

^jf
pl.

kurunb

(coli.)

cabbage
(n. un.)

*\jf karrm
dresser
2 fjT\a kram

-n winegrower, vine-

KJj" kurunba
bage

head of oab-

pl. *j6*l
;

akrim 2 nobler
precious,
;

'*L^jf kurantina

pl. -t

quarantine

more distinguished
valuable ;

more

more
high-

most honorable

very

^ J" look up alphabetically

823

>
loathing;

JtJ' kurnf-pl ijull^ jtaf(jn/palmstump

incompatibity
basenesa,
(Itl.

(aa

reaaon

U^f kurndfa
1

pl. -t

gunstock,rifle butt

of divorce);

abominableneaa,
|

reprehenaibility

Law)

dkJf

^J"

J*

(Engl.) krank p\. -t orank, crankahaft

unwillingly, grudgingly, forcedly

"ilj^ karnak a brand of Egyptian ootton (named after iijjfll, a village near Luxor)
i^j*

ir.J' kariha

pl. Jl^f kard'ih*

adveraity

misfortune, calamity
j>-.

and

^jjS'

(Fr. corniche) kornlS pl.

makrah

loathesome

thiiig,

un-

^i^jl^ fcardnW cornice, ledge, molding,


ahelf ; coast road, road skirting the ahoreline

pleasant Situation *a^L. makraha,

makmha

hatred, hate,

detestation, abhorrence
jl. makrih* loathaome
veraities, calamities

J" kariha a (karh, kurh, 1*1^ karha, 5-!^


karhiya)
to
feel

thinga; ad-

disguat

(*

at),

be

diagusted ( by); to detest, loathe, abhor,

hate (*

s.th.);

to dialike

(* a.th.);

1^1

ilerh

compulaion, coeroion, conuae of force


|

atraint, force;

karuha u (1*1^ karha) to be repugnant,


offensive, hateful, odious, detestable II to

I^VIj

by

force

make s.o. (J* or ) hate a.th. (*), arouae averaion (* Jl or * . in a.o. to s.th.)
IV to

^1^1
*j&
ing
j5*

ikrhi

compulaory,

coercive,

forced, enforced

force, compel, ooerce (J* a.o. to) to have an averaion (* to), feel diagust

takarruh averaion, antipathy, dis-

like, diataste, diagust,

repugnance, loath-

(* for), loathe, detest (* a.th.)

to have
(* for),

an averaion

(* to), feel diagust

krih

reluctant,

grudging,

loathe, deteat (* a.th.); to force, compel,

un-

willing, averae

coerce (J*

a.o. to)

*jjC makrh detested, abhorred, hated,


J" kark, kurh hatred, hate; averaion,
antipathy, dislike, die taste; detestation,
hateful,

odious,

loathsome,

disgusting,

abhorrence, disguat, repugnance, loathing

distasteful, disagreeable, unpleasant; rep(Isl. Law); *jjSl> and i*j^ makrha iconvenience, diacomfort, nui-

kurhan and *J" Jp al kurkin, <^ *J" J* unwillingly, reluctantly, grudgingly, forcedly; under compulaion, under
karhan, duress

Ujf

rehenaible

sance, adveraity; accident, mishap, mia-

ad venture
j* mukrah forced, compelled

jj

karik loathsome,

repugnant,

of-

fensive

jS^, mutakarrih unwilling, reluctant


l

aiJ" karih unpleasant, disagreeable, offensive, bad, repugnant, repulsive, loath-

{jJ" &n & isj") \^f kar u {karw) and kar i {kary) to dig (* s.th.)

j^

some,
ugly

hateful,

detestable,

abominable,
%

jj" karw digging, excavation


*Ji

i*l^ karha

kura
bali
I

pl.

-dt,

hatred, hate;

averaion,

tfjS"

kuran globe, aphere;

antipathy, dislike, diataste; abhorrence,


detestation, diaguat, repugnance, loathing

>J^I

'*/

k. aVart}

and

l^i,\
rJiJI

if
i"

(ar$iya) terreatrial globe, globe;


k.at-talj snowball;

<LJl

Ijf

k. aa-aalla

L 1^ karhiya averaion,
dislike,

antipathy,

basketball;
tennis;
>JiJl

iJjLLJi

\f
k.

k.

at-twula table

dis taste,

disguat,

repugnance,

ijS"

al-qadam foothall,

; ;

>
soccer ;
i_-5*ljS0l

824

"

celestial

sphere
Hl '*J~

Ijfl

ikr'

renting, rent; leaaing, let-

A. oljf
handball;

k.

lahm small meatballs;


xJl

ting on lease, farming out


\JS'\
iktir'

water polo;

\f

k.

al-yad (European)
nt#/
aX-k.

renting,

rent;

leasing,

:_)!

J*-*i

hemi-

taking on lease; hiring


jl*

sphere

mukrin

pl.

-n hirer (esp. one

'*jj~

kurayya globule;
P

pellet

oL_)1
red

of horees, donkeys, mules, etc.); donkey


driver, muleteer
jS^.

0^" ')

L^"

'

ib& mrS, 'i

humr)

the

corpuscles, erythrocytes

mukrin

hirer, lessor; landlord

tfj" kuriy and globate,


apherical

^jj" kurawi
ball-haped,

globular,

globoae,

balMike,

jjC
on
lease

mukran

rented,

let,

hired out, let

AtjJ' hirawiya

globosity, sphericity,
'o.jJ'

jSl*

muktarin

and _^c_. musiakrin


j

roundness

^j"^

al ' ar4 tho

renter, tenant, lessee

li

s&*

{inin)

spherioity of the earth


*

aubtenant, subleasee

LjIjjT kwruwtiy Croatia


(jljjf

f>

\f

flee

jf

karawn and

jl

jjf

a variety of plover
zool.)

*isj" karri curry

(Charadrius oedicnemus L.;

C^J"

hirlt,

\J"

kirid Crete
3 )*j\f karri,

^jj

karb and

Jjj'

karubX

pl.

-n,

gj

karblm cherub, archangel


t^jj"
(It.

'^.f

(Span, carreta) karn^a

pl.

{tun.) cart,

wagon, dray

carozza) karsa pl. -t state carriage,

^j\J"
iL J" (Turk.

kardrifi carrier, Carter,

drayman

coacb
krek) kurlk pl. -t Bhovel

Sjf

(Fr. croquis) krki pl.

C^lfjJ' krkiyt
1

sketch, draft, oroquis

fJ'
k.

(Ft. crime)

krlm oream

ii^J-l

^Jf

al-hqa shaving cream

jjf krm chrome, chromium


Ix S" (It.

crema;

eg.)

krema cream; a kind of

Lj^f karawy caraway (Carum


bot.)

carvi

L.

thick sauoe (served aa a condiment)

jT kazza
1

(Ist pere. perf. kazuztu) ijjjS*

(Ij'j^

jJf

kariya a (karan) to sleep, be asleep,

slumber;

kar
III

kaxza,

kuzza)

to

become dry
to
contract,

(kary) to dig ( e.g.,


rent, lease, let,
(*

and tough, dry up,


ered,
shriveled,
{eg.)

shrivel; to be with-

a canal)
let out, s.th.)

and IV to
sleep,

shrunk;

farm out, hire out

to b.o.

Bhrinkj
feel

to have an aversion (-to),

V to

be asleep, slumber
(*
s.th.);

disguat (j- at), have a distaste (,>

VIII and
lease,

to rent, hire
s.th.),

to

for);

{kazz) to contract, shrink, narrow


pasa. kuzza to

take on lease (>

take a icase
(

(a s.th.);

have tetanus

(* of s.th.);
s.o.),

to hire, employ, engage


(

*;L-I

jS* {eg.) to
pl.

gnash one's teeth


kuzz dry, dried up,

engage the labor or Services

of

jT
s.o.)

kazt

j$*

withered, desiccated; shriveled, shrunk;


sleep,

jjf karan
.1^5"

slumber
hire,

tough, inflexible, unyielding,


lease;
lj

rigid, stiff

kir*

rent,

hiring;

oJl

jf

k. al-yadain closefisted, miserly,

rental, hire; wages,

pay

niggardly

826

^
i

jjf kazaz
Jljf

miserliness, niggardlinesa

LlTI
|

iktisb

aoquiaition ;

gaining,

Jcuzz,

kuzzz tetanus
boringneas, dullniggardli-

winning

uL jj^ V L_^I
property
or

{bi-murri

Jljf kazza dryness;


ness,

z-zamn) prescription, usucapion, acquisition

of

tediousness;

rights

atinginesa,

by unfor
a,

nesa; stiffness, rigidity

intemipted posseasion of them


certain period (jur.)

jji

huzbara, Jcuzbura

coriander
|

{CorianJk.

<_~-lT ksib

winner; earner, provider

drum sativum
ta'lab

L.; bot.)
*\_

^JajI yj5*

of-

pimperncl;

rJt.
k.

\jf

i_X. muk&ib profitable, lucrative

(kwjlr')

chervil;

>^JI

%jf

as-sa^r

hair-

ij^S
iJbL-5"

kuabara coriander
kuatk see .ilif
p!.

{bot.;

; jT,

q.v.)

cap
bot.)

moss

{Polytrichum

communis

L.

**jjjf(eg-) kazartma (from It. caaseruola) caaaerole, cooking vessel

LL_T kuatubn
'
I

^JL-T

hutibin* thimble

f
pl.

(Turk.

katek)

kuatak

and

'!_'

<

~~S kaaaba

(kasb) to gain, win, acquire

iUL-T
{It.

kastik*

watoh chain
kuatulita,

(* a.th.); to

earn

(* B.th.); to profit, win,

< ". l "

costoletta)

kuatalita

gain; to gather, acquire (* knowledge);


to obtain, get, attain (* B.th.)
|

cutlet,

chop

J b*

T
<1*S
Icastana chestnut (bot.)

(hutfan) win acclaim for, be applauded


for; Ioj

c-*-T

L.

(yadhv) what he haa

J\^S
colored

kastan'i

maroon,

chestnut-

earned in the hereafter by his (good and


evil)

deeda

II

to

make or

let a.o. () gain,

win or obtain

(* s.th.); to let a.o. () ahare

jT kaaaha a

(kash) to aweep; to clean,

the profit IV to

make

or let s.o.

()

gain,

clean out, empty;

kasiha a (kasah) to
II (eg.)

win or obtain
s.th.); to

(* a.th.), aecure (* (* * or
.

for a.o.

be crippled; to become a cripple


to cripple
(* s.th.)
( a.o.);

impart

to

a.o.

or to

to bend, twiat,
(*

warp
s.th.);

a.th. a.th., alao e.g., to

the face a certain


_

VIII to

sweep away

expression)

-l>

vL

Tl
. . .

(mawfotan

to

wash away,

flush out,

remove

(* a.th.);

4idda) to
s.th.);

make immune
( s.th.)

to

V to earn

(*

to overrun (* s.th.); to flood, overflow


(* s.th.), apread, fan

to acquire, obtain (* a.th.); to

out (* over

a.th.);

gain,

win

VIII do.; to possesa,

to plunder, pillage, aack (*

a oaptured
take

have,

own

(* s.th.); to

take on (* a

new
and

town); to anatch up, aeize


hold (a of)

(* a.th.),

quality, a color, a different aspect,

the like)
_j

wT
kasb acquisition; eaminga; gain,

kash aweeping ; cleaning ; Clearing


(e.g.,

emptying

of a latrine); lameness,

profit; winnings; a.th.

acquired or gained,

paralysis, palsy

acquirement; acquired knowledge, learning

^L-f kush
i*-lT

rachitis, ricketa

kusha sweepings; refuse, gar-

*_j

kusb and <~_S~ kusba

oil

cake

bage, rubbish, trash


5""
kaaih lame, palaied, paralyzed;

i_S^. maksab, maksib and L_S^ makai*


ha
pl.

^JZ*

maksib* gain, profit

crippled

i-Sj takassvb earning, gaining; acquiaition; earninga; gain, profit

*wT1 ak&ah 3 lame,


crippled

palsied, paralyzed;

C*
;^_* mikaaha broom
,Utf"l iktitOh a sweeping away, sweep; flooding, overelimination;

826

II to
s.th.);

break Lnto pieces, fragmentize


to shatter,

(*

smash

( s.th.)

to

be broken to

pieces,

be shattered, be

removal,
flowing,

fragmentized; to break, be refracted, be


diffracted
(also
light,

submersion, inundation;

rape,

rays,

phya.);

to

seizure, Usurpation

be retoed,

civilized VII to get

broken;

ilT Utiha:

UIV

"^

al-algm

to be defeated,
(force,

be routed, be broken
to

mine aweeper

violence);

break; to be

re-

__ mulaumh
person, paralytic

orippled; oripple; lame

fracted, be diffracted; to abate, subside


(e.g., heat),

be quenched (thirst) O^-Sjl iU (squh) he broke his leg


|

a_T kamda and


Bell

fcauda

u (jLf

tasd,

j^-T

kasr breaking, fracturing; shatter-

jtufi) to find

no market, not to move.

ing, fragmentation;

(pl.

jj-J" himr)

badly (merchandise); to be stagnant, to be dull, listless (business, market) IV


dull, listless

break, breach, fracture; crack, rupture; fracture of a bone; (pl. jj-S kutr,

(market)

oljj-T)
(jjU*I)
j_>-Sj

fraction
('uiri,

[arith.)

jyi* y-5 and


*~*r

kaad unsalablenesa of merchanof the dise; economic depression, dullness market, Stagnation of commerce, re-

jUT

a'lri)

decimal fraction;
figuree)
e.g.,
...

wa-kuair (after
little

some, a

over...,

j^ySj

cession;

slump

one pound and some, a

little

over a pound
k.

O iJ-tSo. mukeada dumping


.uS" ksid and
little in

j
stagnant,
;

kasr,

fewr:

cJ jS
^j

al-bait

nook of the house;

<ht

to live

X_T

kaeid aelling badly,


;

in seclusion, stay in one's four wallfl

demand (merchandise)
(market)

_T

kasra

defeat,

breakdown,
i;

col-

dull, listless

lapse; the vowel point for

nook of the

ij

katara
(

(katr) to break, shatter, frac-

house

ture

s.th.);

to

break

open,

force

\^
bread)

kisra pl.

kar,

-t

fragment;
(of

open, pry open (* a door, and the like); to break (also flg.: power, resistance);
to to violate, infringe ( a legal duty); to destroy, annihilate, rout ( s.th.); defeat ( an army); to fold ( s.th.); to

a small piece; chunk (of bread); shce

j^S kasir pl. g^S


see also

kaar,

jjlS

katra

broken, fractured, shattered; defeated;

provide with the vowel


gram.)
|

( a

consonant

^j-f

alphabetically

_>U j-S~ to disappoint, disoblige,

O SjLi*
Ij^S

kassra nutcracker

oflend, affront s.o.;


ir-riAu the

jl c^jS

kuairat

kuaaira diopter (p*ys.)


_

wind has calmed down;


;

jS
to

i^_JI (fomi) to break the silence


('alai)

J^A y-S"

jS* makair:
_

al-m. hard rSl\ ^L> f<M

{murdihf)

'j-S to quenoh the thirst; al^ to dissuade or hinder s.o.

break, robust, sturdy, hardy, firm, foyyi* al-m. Standing SS\ streng;

J.

from carrying outhis intention; *^*


(oinaAfl)
(eg.)

jS
s.o.

the test, proving

its

value, of excellent

to

shame

s.o.,

put

quality; ^-Kll Cr} layyin al- maktir soft, gentle

to shame;
s.o.'s

Ui j-f
to

(qalbah) to break

heart; to disoourage s.o.

{hiddatihi)

Munt

J* y-5 the edge of s.th.,


;

*j-u-

_,_& takr breaking,


tering, fragmentation
at-t.
|

fracturing: shat-

j-SA

-.

jam'

tone down

s.th.,

ourb, temper

s.th. or s.o.

broken plural (gram.)

; ; ;

827

r^
JijS' kuaf
eclipse

jSj
5*i1f
I

takassur a being broken, break-

occultation, eolipae, Bolar

ing; refraction, diffraction {opt.)


|

^-So

(.

al-aH"a refraotion of rays


inkisr (state

<JiU&l tnitud/ occultation,


of)
lar eolipae

eclipee, so-

jl5ol

or

proceas

being

brokaa,

brokennesa,

breaking
<Jl~&"

kdsif dejected,

downcast, sad,

fraoture; breaoh,
feat, rout;

mpture;

fragility; de-

worried, grieved;

gloomy
pound,
(eg.)

brokennesa in
dejeotion ;

spirit,

brokenre^

heartedness,

contrition ;
|

-ZS

koskoM

to

bray,

grind,

fraotion, diffraction (phys.)

^Jji\ jL-SJI

powder, pulverize;
back, withdraw

to retreat, fall

ink.

ai-galb

dejectednesa,

deapondency,

contrition

j_-f kuskua and ^SC-f


aalt

kv&kuat

_^C
(pl.

hsir breaking, ahattering, eto.

oouscoua, a diso prepared of groata

and

^r-I^T kawdsir*) rapacious, ferocioua,


|

water (staple food

in

northweat

savage (predatory animal)


k.

j*J-l

^6"
(bot.);

Africa)

al-hajar aaxifrage, atonebreak


jj (fair) bird of prey; ^JJI

^f

^-K-5*

kvslc&a,

koskds aieve for prepar-

j+\

ing couaooua

k. af-fair

predatory birds
broken, fractured; ahat-

jjS* maksr
ful,

JT

koaila a (kasal) to be lazy, idle, aluggiah,

tered, fragmented; defeated; unauoceas-

indolent, negligent;

to idle, loaf II to
(* s.o.)

thwarted,

fruatrated

bankrupt

make

lazy or negligent

VI

having a kasra (consonant; gram.)


j~$L,

JT
ligence

basal laziness, aluggiahneas, idle-

mukasaar fragmented, ahattered,


(also, e.g.,
|

nesa, inactivity, loaflng, indolence, neg-

smashed; broken

language);
>*. (jarn)

>\j-* almonda and nuts j-*

J-5* kasil and Jj_5* ka&l lazy, idle

broken plural (gram.)

o-^S
''jwTl ikrtr elixir

kasln,

f. ;,

^S kasld,

pl.

JL-T

kasld, kusi,
(eg.)

J-5* kasld lazy, sluggish,

Blothful, indolent, idle, inaotive

"tijjS kasarna

see jjjf"

JLX* miksl
tfjT hiar pl. I^tTl aksira,
_

lazybones, aluggard, idler,

rX\
the

akdair*

loafer

Khosrau ;

designation

of

Peraian

kings in general

J- Kj
indolenoe
( a.o.);

taksul

laziness,

aluggishnesa,

5" kosa'a a to chase away


shove,

to atrike,

puah, kick

a.o.

from behind)
ita lega

J-Ki* mutaksil
ful,

lazy, aluggish, sloth-

indolent

VIII to put its tau (^) between

kasafa dark,

(Jt^S

kusf) to be or

beoome
pass

fS
II

kasama
J*
to
give

(lasm)

to

make a
a.th.),

living

(*JLt

gloomy;

to

be

'al 'iylihi

for

one'a family)

eclipaed,

through an eolipae (sun) ;


reprove
flhame
( a.o.);

to repriraand,

form

(*

to

ahape,

fashion (* s.th.)
to abash, Bharae, put to
f-S~
( s.o.)

VII to be eclipeed; to be

kam

cut,

atyle

(of

dress);

ahamed, be ashamed; to bluah


<_i_T
kos}

clothing, olothea, coatume, fashion; form,

darkening,

occultation,

shape; manner,

mode
rate,

eolipae; aark, darkness, gloomineas

-T" kaaim duty,

tax

;;

>'"'

Ss
ing,

iakaim fonning, shaping, fashion-

up (> a crowd), send away,


drive away, chase
jljjJLi

dismiss,

molding;

milling

away
to

( s.o.) III jf IT

. mukassam
(j_T and
iS

well-shaped, shapely
clothe,
in);

(bi-l-'adwa)
s.o.,

harbor enmity

toward

hate

s.o.

VII to be dlspersed,

S)

LJ* hu u (kasw) to

be scattered; to disperse, Boatter, break

dress, garb, attire (*

s.o.

with or

up to be dispelled
;

to hang, drape, face,


s.tb. with), incase

line, case

(y

or *

k15~ ka&h
the
hip,

pl.

r>^5" ku&h region of


flank,
|

<_>

or a a a.th. in);

haunch,

side,

waist

to cover

(u or
of

m
a

(u

or t i s.th. with), put, slip


s.th. s.th.)
{

Venus's-shell, cowrie

over

Ii5~

_^ U-S*

J*
to

trJiS'
o.a.,

gj* (faw
keep
s.th.

ka&hah) to keep
secret;
s.o.,
je.

s.th.

(ibgata)
. . .

to give s.th.
s.th.

the

appearance
. . . ;

make

Iook like
to

S
<S

(U*JLT) A^JtS"
s.o.;

&J* to turn from

break with

4*wiT Vj {wallhu)

kasiya
dressed;

(15*

Jbasan)

be

or

get

to turn one's back on a.o.


l*-tl5"

to dress

IV to clothe,
with or
in)

dress,

garb, attire (*

s.o.

to be

hiSha Beeret enmity, rancor,

dressed, be clothed, be garbed; to clothe


o.b.,

grudge, resentuient, hate

array

o.a., attire o.s. (<_j


;

with or in);

IT JcdSih
jlS~ kaSara
i

secret

enemy
and
II

to cover o.a. VIII do.


(tree)

to burst into leaf


(JcaSr)

to bare one's

l^S kitwa

pl. lS

icusan,

Haan, jLS~
attire,

teeth; to grimace; to grin, smile (Jl at


s.o.)
;

to

scowl,
|

glower,
je-

bear

grim

kaawin clothing, clothes, apparel,

expreasion

*Jli-*l

raiment; dress, garment; suit of clothes;

j^S

to bare or

show one's teeth;


uniform; draping, lining, casing, facing,
paneling, wainscoting
(uj^Jjl)
_,

(-ol-Jl)

*> je-

jl

do.

{e.g.,

of walls)

j^S~ kiSra grimace


|

SJl

tbe kiawa, the covering of

*j<jS tafcHra (n. vic.) flaah of the teeth ^ji.


is

the

Kaaba

(black, brocaded carpet cover-

ing the walls of the Kaaba, nually in

made

an-

tC jjU- j*

hutoa jri mukSiri he

Egypt and transported with

my

nearest neighbor

the pilgrimage caravan to Mecca); >-5"

jjLiSJI look
Jfcii"

up

alphabetioaliy

*_riUI full-dress uniform, gala uniform


kaSafa
i {kaSf)

to take off {* a wrapping,


(a s.th.); to eraee

15"

kisa

pl.

i~S"\ aksiya garment;

a covering); to pull off


{* s.th.

dress

written); to
off,

remove

(*

s.th.);

*~Sj
ing,

taksiya clothing, dressing; drapcasing,


(e.g.,

to Scratch

sorape off {* s.th.,


it)

^ e.g.,

lining,

facing,

paneling,

with a knife so as to elean


1-aC.

wainscoting
stones (of a

of walls); course of
road)

mik&4

erasing knife
to pull away, remove,
lift,

macadam

i_'i,*r lca&afa i (ka&f)

^iT kaSSa

to recoil (j* from)

take

off,

throw open,

raise
je-

(a

ii5* kuiSa lock of hair

covering, a ourtain, a veil, etc.,

from)
expose,
je-

LliT

to
ku&t-ubn, JntHibn pl. jwliS"* kaS'

reveal,

disclose,
je- B.th.);

uncover,

bare (* or
tibin*

to clear up (> or

thimble
s.th.),

shed light

(* or

je on); to show,

jJlT kaiaha a (kaSh): SjloJL

*J

^iT

{bi-l-

demonstrate

(* or

je

s.th.); to

open up,
;

'adwa) to harbor enmity toward

s.o.,

lay open, lay bare {* or je s.th.)


to light

to bring

hate

s.o.;

to disperse, scatter, break

(or jt

s.th.); to

study, eoruti-

oT
nize, investigate,

examine (j*
|

s.th.);
1_>

to

JlS~
soouts
|

kaifl

of or pertaining to boy
tfj*.

ezamine medioally ( Js.o.) y.


to unveil, LJ 4_U

*Lill

nnmask
(Jibbiyan)

s.o.

or s.th.;

\f _T
s.o.

'*JCS

(hamka) boy soout

movement
JtliT taf
soout; boy soout
pl.

to

ezamine

liT

kaiifa dis-

medically; L4SU je

v^*' C-5"

(Aar&u)
ooverer, inventor; explorer, reconnoiterer,
|

the war was or beoame violent, flared

up war broke out


;

III to discloee, reveal,

O *J>Vjtf

*JL* (fcoA*

rabSl) searohlight;

manifest,
s.o. s.th.),

demonstrate, ehow evinoe (^


*

oLlT ^U>
LlT

(mitbh)

(^

to

toward

and tjLiT jy
iliS"

(nfir) pl.

jl^l do. reconnais(mtl.);

s.o. s.th.); s.o. s.th.),

to

make known (y

or

to

kif&fa

exploration ;

inform (y or
(bi-l-'addtca)

s.o. of)

IjIxJIj li-ilf

sanoe,

reoonnoitering,

soouting

to manifest open hostility

boy soout movement, soouting


jlii" kiifi of boy scoute, boy soout
(adj.)
-'.iS"

toward

s.o.

to

be

uncovered,

be

ezposed, be laid open, be bared, be disclosed, be reveaied,

be brought to ght;

to

oome to Ught, become


jt so as to reveal

kauf

uncovered,

visible,

manifest

open,

ez-

itaelf,

show; to open, be opened up


s.th.)
|

posed
(JLlS**I

(\#3

^J

Vj*

(amru) the matter

^Vl J*js tumed out

ikti&f

uncovering, disclosure,
location;
(pl.
-t)

detection,
(scientific)

Spotting,

to be of no consequenoe;

,rf^-*

-*
fl

*^~

disoovery
ietik&f

jyl\ (mwUdh Uajz) to show


helpless VII to

o.b.

utterly

J lii-l

unoovering,

olarifi-

be removed, be

lifted,

be

oation, eluoidation; disoovery; olose ob-

raised (veil); to be uncovered, be disolosed,

servation ;
ing,

reoonnaissanoe,
(mil.)
|

reoonnoiter-

be
s.o.)

revealed,

beoome manifest
(*
s.th.,

soouting

JiIil~VI

lj\^

(J
esp.

to

VIII

to discover

reoonnaissance plane; j-dl -uJI LlSi-'yl

scientifically) ; to find

out, detect,

(mad) long-range reoonnaissanoe

uncover

{* s.th.)

to seek to discover {*

jll&J

istik&ifi

explorational,

s.th.); to ezplore (* s.th.); to investigate

ex-

ploratory, of disoovery, reconnaiBsanoe-,


{* s.th.), search, inquire (* into s.th.);

to soout, reconnoiter (mil.); to disoover


(* s.th.,

soout- (in Compounds)


Jt-ilT

soientifically)

to detect, spot,
s.th.)

kauf

pl.

aiS" bataja unoover-

seek out, search out, find out (*

ing, revealing, etc.; servlng exploratory

purposes, instrumental in reoonnaissance,

<_i^T
baring.

ha&f

unoovering,

disclosure;

conducive
disclosure ;

to

disoovery,

deteotion

or
dis-

expoeure, unreiling; revelation,


(myst.)
;

examiner, investigator,

Illumination

investigation,

in-

ooverer; Supervisor, inspector; (Bg.) head

quiry, search, quest, study, examination,

of a mvqfa'a, distriot chief (obsolete);


deteotor (radio)\ ,JiiS* and LLSK' reagent
(ehem.)
|

scrutiny; inspection;

boy soout movekuif,

ment;
kuift)

(pl.

JtjlS'

ojif

Ja2C

*jJ, (dau') pl. LLiK*

1^1

report,

account;

statement,

and

.JcilT jji (nur) pl.

iG*

j\jj\

searoh-

speeifioation,
ule,

enumeration; table, sohedroster,

light;

O fWVl J*iS* jjjj


.JciG*

(zauraq) minetfjjjj .JtilT

chart;

list,

index,

regiflter,
|

locating craft,

mine sweeper;
al-muhlf

inventory;
jjU
(Jibbi)

pl.

Jtjlf

discoveriea

.JuiT
J*S"
bill,

(bari, blauri) cryBtal deteotor (radio);

medioal examination;
roll;

Jt^l

Jb.

perisoope;

jL

f)j3Vl
invoice

muster

v U-t

JlIS"

JbtftL (bona) to manifest itaelf olearly

and unmistakably

830

Jtj-lSC

mak&f bared, exposed, unopen,


roofless,

,j*S* (for JiT)

to be replete, verfull,
Till

covered,
veiled,

ooverless,

unun*

overloaded,
overfilled,

overburdened
(o>

to

be
be

naked,

bare;

(mtl.)

open,

be replete

with

s.th.),

defended,

devoid

of

military

instal|

chook-full

lations or fortifioatioiu ; uncovered (com.)

i,^" takafud overexertion,


strain,

over-

^\j\

Jj-t$C

m.

ar-ra's

bareheaded,

overburdening
(ka&) to
fill,

hatleas;
ly,

Jt^lS^L

publicly,

overtly,

or Jt^iXll J* openfor everyone to

iT ka&a u

overfill (* s.th.); (* s.th.);

see

to brden, weight,

enoumber

<JiI&*

muktahf

discoverer, explorer
(scientific)

to oventuff, surfeit, cloy (* the stomach) Till to be

orammed
o.a.,

fall,

be jam-paaked,

oUllC
ooveries

mukta&aft

dis-

be overorowded (^ with, eep. with people); to ste

eat one's

fill;

to be

'jiiT ku&k

pl. iilifl

aktk kiosk; summer-

overstuffed,

be surfeited, be oloyed

(^

house, pavilion, cabin, log oabin; hut t


shed, shanty; (telephone) booth; stall,

with)

to

be abundant, oopious,

plentiful

i5~

ki&a gorging, cloying,

overstuff-

stand, booth
fl^i^ill

(at

fair,

etc.)

iUT

ing (of the stomach); surfeit


JiuLS" fcofi? overfilled, overstuffed, oloy-

bathhouse;

beaoh chair; tiliT


blook Station, Bignal
Li5~ k. ad-daida*

oljLl*i'l k. al-iSrt

ed, surfeited Jii.


esp.

box

(railroad)

Li-ujJI

bn sentry box;

O J>*

<^S" (muhawwil)

muktafx overorowded

(>->

with,

tranaformer house
iiiiT ki&k a

with people),
(c->

orammed
(i->

fll,

jam*

paoked

with), chock-full

of)

dough made of bulgur and sour

milk, out into amall pieoes, dried

and

JlS" htfr suet

Ufled for the preparation of otber dishee

JiT kafama

(fcofm,

*Jif htfm) to oonoeal

(so

in

Egypt; tbere are several other


it)
|

or suppress (* one's anger); to be

mum,

ways of preparing

(eg.)

jLLI

jlif

keep Bent

kWc aimz asparagua


Jif
^iSClT hailcaia to rustle; to
(eg.)
flee,

Jfcoplm fled

with anger
ku'b) to be fll
II

run away;

to pleat

^S
pl.

ka'aba

(^jS

and

round, be ewelling (breasts)

to

make

^tS^T

kaikai

^iTULT JfcoWKi"

oubio, to oube (* s.th.); to dioe (* s.th.)

seam; hem, edge, border

^S
bur-

ka'b

pl.

^Lf

hi'b,

^>jS

ku'tib

JL&iT

jJjj

riwya kifkiMya

knot, knob, node (of cane); Joint, artioulation;

leeque, populr

oomedy
bag;

ankle,

anklebone;

heel

(of

J^&tT

iu&fiJ

beggar's

scrapbook;

the foot, of a shoe); ferrule; die; oube;

album
(jlwT kihniS a kind of currants
toJmlr1 Kaahmir (region in
kahnir oashmere (a
fabric)

high rank, fame, glory, honor ^liSl


|

^S

(pl.

^yf)
more

spine of a book; L*5* Jjl arqd

ka'ban abier, more oapable, more qul-

NE India)
woolen

ifled,

effloient; <_^li

JU

J-j rajvl

'all l-k.

a distinguished, oapable, auoceasal-k,

soft, twilled

ful

man; tr*)l jU 'ulw

high rank,
<_-*S

outstanding position; *^*5*"

their

fcuimS lentil tare, lender vetch (bot.)

days of glory are past

831

US
,

v--r ht'b breasta,

bosom
cube,
(in

forbear (j& doing a.th.), give up,


fl.th.);

*-*r

ka'ba

pl.

ka'abt

oubio

top
(j*

(j*

to renounoe, waive, forgo

structure; c*S3l the


(fig.) flhrine;

Kaaba

Mecca);

object of veneration, focus

of interest
IJfS'

(je from); to hold back, restrain (j* s.o. from); tohinder, prevent (j* s.o. from); to avert (j*
s.th.),

abstain

s.th.);

ka'bi cubic

to check, curb, reatrict (j* s.th.)


(

*j-*> -*** **j r

and P*88
II

Jwjflfa)

baparuh

ij-T

htba

virginity

to

become blind

to

hem

(* a

garment)

V^
buxom
Vt**^

ha'b
(girl)

having swelling breasts,

to beg VII to deaist, refrain, abstain

(jefrom) X to hold out the hand with an imploring geeture, beg, practioe

<_-f y\ ab ku'aib

(eg.)

mumps

(med.)

begging; to ahade one's eyea with the

tak'ib cubing, dicing; raising to

hand; to

coil (snake); to

Surround (J or
a.o.

the third power, cubing

Jj*- s.o., a.th.), flock


(J,

around

or s.th.

<~a&

iak'lba trellis, eapalier

JjH
kajf
deaistance,

<jS
,^-aSJ tak'ibi cubio

refraining

(jg.

^If

from); abataining, abatention (j* from);


kd'ib
pl.

t-eljT kaw'ib 1 well-

ceasation,

auspenaion,

stop,

stoppage,

developed,

fll

and

round,

swelling

discontinuation (je of s.th.);


pl.

hoff

f.,

(bosom); having swelling breasta,


(girl); i_-*l_jT

buxom

J>jj' Jcuff, <J*f\ ahiff

palm
claw

of the
(of

buxom

girla

hand;

glove;

paw,

foot,

an

(_-^*
cubic;

muka"ab cube-shaped, cubiform, (pl. -l) cube ^*. ^oi (^oim)


|

animal); slap; scale (of a balance); handful; quire;


k.

bar (of chocolate)


(eg.)

cubic foot; ^^Si. jU (m#r) cubic meter


'j-S hu'bura

maryam

fj* Jtf agnus castus, chaste tree


|

(Vitex agnus-castua;

bot.);

rose of Jer-

and

Ij^T

jhi'ira pl.

_rUf

icho

resurrection

plant

(Anastatica

feTdfriH knotty exorescence, knot, knob,

hieToch\inc&L.;bot.);L\l\ JaS^\ (ja4m')


star

node; Ij^T radiuB

(anat.)

;_^Jl Ji*

in the constellation Cetus;

J&\
^ij

'a*w

oi-jfc.

radius (anoi.)

Vp^'
k.

st

in Cassiopeia;
(bot.);

a-Vl *-jf
Jl*.

juSl> muka'bar knotty, knobbed, gnarl-

al-asad

lion's-leaf

ed'
Jj*T ka'bala
( s.o.)

***"

J* (haytah) to risk one'a life; Jo^i jii-l istadarra l-akujfa to secure


(eg.)

to trip

up

(. s.o.);

to

make

generous contributions

stumble
un.
!)

T
cake; designation
kiff

kiffa,

kajfa pl.

_T

kifaf,

J.UT

si\S

ka'Jc (coli.; n.

palm

of the hand; scale (of a bal-

of various kinds of pastry, also of small

ance)

baked goods; pretzel

(syr.)

T T

kaffa:

jjjL

liT

k.

brd

(eg.)

ff ka'ama a (ka'm) to muzzle (* a camel); to gag (. s.o.); to cap, seal (* a vesael) ^T


abbreviation of (l>jLT kilogrm
kilo-

cartridge pouch
Icuffa pl.

JiiT fcu/a/ edge, seam,

hem, border

gram
<JT kaffa

i-JUT
for

fca// sufficiency, sufficient

means

a living
kiff border, edge, fringe,

u (hoff) to border, edge, hem (* a garment); to desist, refrain (je from),

JUT hem

seam,

kjS
liT
uisiT
kiffa
**//

832

hemming hem
;

btC mukfaa
*.

pl.

-t
;

requital;

reo-

blind

_^JI J^-iT
|

oj-

ompense, remuneration

compensation,
sti-

bafar blind

indemnificatton, indemnity; reward;

pend
ofjbiffa
totality, entirety; (with foll.

genit.) all; the

people, the masses, the


all

Jit&

talefu

mutual oorreepondence,

populoce; kffatan

without exoeption,

equivalence; homogeneity, sameness USJt inkif' retreat, withdrawal


'jBC*

one and

all

altogether, in the aggregate,

collectively

mukfi equal,

(a)like,

of the same

J>y+ makff pl. *JuilC

makflf* blind

kind, homogeneous, corresponding. oom-

JiT leafaa a (kaf) to tum around, tum over, reverae, invert (* s.th.); to turn away,

menaurate, equivalent
'Jl&u muiakfi' alike, (mutually) corresponding, commensurate,
equivalent,

tum

aside,

tum bock

(j* from) III to

reward

(* s.o.);

to requite, return, repay,

equal

reoompeme (<_j * s.th. with); to compensate, make up {<-* * for s.th. with); to
be; similar, equal (* to
s.th.), s.th.),

cj" kafata

(kaft)

to restrain, detain, turn

away, prevent,
from) 11 to plate
(* s.th.)

hold
(<-

back

(j*

s.o.

equal (*
with);

* s.th. with); to inlay

be commensurate

(*

to

measure up, come up


favorably
(*

(* to a.th.),

compare
over,

with)

IV

to

tum

cj~

kifi

cooking pot

xeverse, invert (* s.th.) VI to be equal,

hjf
fish

kufta

meat
|

balls,

hamburgers, ob{samak) fried

be on a por; to (counter)balance each


other, be perfectly

long or round

oiT

ilSr

matched VII to be
aside;

cakes; ^-WIU ~<^f potato duraplings

turned away t be

tumed

to

be

stuffed with
tT

meat
work, inlay; plat-

changed, be altered; to recede, change,


fade
(color);
fall

to turn back, withdraw,

takfit inlaid

ing, platework

retreat,

back,

gire

way;

to

be
xlj* mukajfat inlaid; coated, overlaid,
plated

inrerted, be reversed, be turned around

or over; to

fall

down, tumble, topple


pl. LiTl

*jf
.UT
to

kaf,

Hf, baf
fit

akf',

-JT kafaha a
front,
(s.o.) III

{kafh) to face frankly, con-

kif*

equal, alike;

adequate, ap-

encounter or meet face to face

propriate, suitable,
b.o.),

(J for); equal (J

I;

to

combat

(s.o., * s.th.),
(

a match

(J for); qualified, capa-

flght, battle, struggle,

contend

against)
|

ble, able,

competent, efficient

to defend (jts.th.), fight (j* for)

jjf

yiT kuf\
rable (J to),

pf

kufu*

equal,

compa-

*_>>'

(umrah) to manage one's

affairs

a match

(J for)

personally

UT UT

kifa

an equivalent
equality;

JJS" kifdh
position,

and ii-lC mukfaha Opbattle,

kaf'

adequacy, ade-

fight,

struggle

(with

quateneas

genit.: against); contention, strife


x

*UT kafaa equality; adequacy, adequateness; comparableness; fitness, suitability,

j' Jeafara

{kafr) to cover, hide ( s.th.);

be

(tu/r,

l^iT kufrn, jjiT kufr) to

appropriateness; oompetence,
ability,

effl-

irreligious,

be an God);

infidel,

not to bealso:

cienoy,

capability;

pl.

^IUT

lieve

(*L

in

dl >>T

to
re-

qualifications, abilities, capabilities

blaspheme God, curse, swear;

to

833

J*
kafla) to vouoh,

nege one's faith, become an be ungrateful


II
(*_>

infidel;

to

answer, go bail, be

or

for

a benefit)

guaranty,

be

or

stand

Sponsor,
(*_>

be
for);

to cover,

hide (* a.th.); to ezpiate

responsible, Kable, answerable

(je a.th.); to

do penanoe,
a.th.

atone,

make

to guarantee,

Sponsor

(*

s.o.);

to

be

amends

(*->

&> for

by
s.o.

or with); to

legal guardian ( of s.o.); to secure; to

grant remission (* je to
to forgive (je or

of hia sins)

Warrant, ensure (*
(J *
s.th.

s.th.);

to guarantee

* s.th. to s.o.), grant


for s.th. to s.o.); to

to s.o.);

t cover,

back

pardon (je or J *

(currency with gold) II to feed, support


(

make

s.o.)

an

infidel,

aeduoe

s.o.)

s.o.),

provide

for);

to admit as
to

to unbelief ; to aoouse of infidelity, oharge

security, Sponsor or bail

( s.o.);

name

with unbelief

(* s.o.)

IT to make
(*

( s.o.)

as Sponsor, ask to be security or to go

an

infidel;

to

call

s.o.)

an

infidel,

bau, appoint as security or bail


III

( s.o.)

aecuse

( a.o.)

of infidelity

to conclude an agreement.
(

make a make

jjS" kafr pl. j

yf

htfr amall village,

contract

with

s.o.)

IT to appoint as

hamlet
jjS" kufr
infidelity
|

security, Sponsor or bail ( s.o.),


(

s.o.)

go

bail

to be security, go

and

^jJS' kufrn unbelief,

bail,

vouch, be or beoome responsible,


(*_>

4>L
,

yS"

godleasnesa, atheism;
;
\

answerable or liable
Sponsor (^ J of

J to

s.o. for),

be

blasphemy profanity *u*J L u JiS' (ni'ma)


ingratitude, ungratefulneea

s.o. for s.th.),

guarantee
o.a.,

(y J
pledge

to

s.o.

s.th.);

to

obligate

jUT
for

kaff&r infidel, unbeliever

IjLiT kaff&ra penanoe, atonement (je

sin),

ezpiation (j* of); reparation,


gifte,

(u J to b.o. to do B.th.); to undertake, take upon o.s. (<_> s.th.) TI to vouoh for each other, guarantee
o.s.

amends; ezpiatory

ezpiations (dia-

eaoh other
J-T" kafl

tributed to the poor at a funeral)

guaranty, warranty

jJ&

takfir ezpiation

(je of), atonesin); seduotion

JiT

kafal pl.

JUTl

akfl,

J^iT kufvi

ment, penanoe (je for a

rump, buttocks; oroup of a horse


"JU5"

to infidelity; charge of unbelief kafla bail, guaranty, security,


>IS*
kfir
pl.
-fin,

jLif kujfr, "yiT

sponsorBhip;
oollateral
|

pledge,

deposit,

surety,

kafara, jUS" kifr irreligioiu, unbelieving; unbeliever, infidel, atheist; ungrateful


|

"UU

"dLiS*

(mUya) aurety,
;
(

security ; bail ; caution


(nafs) bail (esp. for

*u*JL _/K* (ni'ma) ungrateful

money _r-iJ L <J \jS" due appearance of a


Law);
u">

'jji^look up alphabetioay

pereon in court;

Ial.

JUS*

under the protection or tutelage of

b.o.,

^JS"

kafisa

(kafaa)

to be bandy-legged

in s.o. 'a custody

VII do.

J-iT

kafil pl. >iUr htfal'* responsible,

uJf\
Art*/

akf<u>,

f.

,L_*T */**',

pl.

^jT

liable,

answerable
surety,
(-

bail,

bailaman,

se-

bandy-legged

curity,

Sponsor,

bondsman;
(i_*

J&jf
JjT

kafkafa to hold baok (* teara)

guarantor
s.th.),

of s.th.); vouching
(*_>

for

guaranteeing

s.th.); protector;

ia/oia

u
for

(kafl,

iJUT

ia/i5fo) to feed,
(

legal

guardian
(esp.

Support
'd'iiatan
fco/Wo a

( s.o.),

provide

for s.o.; Uj'Lt

bailaman

a family);

^-iJlj J-if (na/*) bail, one guaranteeing the due


|

hafala

u
"d

i,

appearance of a pereon in court;

Ial.

and kafvla u (a/Z, J^iT fcu//,

US**

Law)

J*
Jjt&
takfvl

834

mutual or Joint responaimutual agreement

iAJS" kifya auffioient

amount, degree,

bility; solidarity;

extent, etc., Bufflciency; that which suffioea for

Jj S* kfil

pl.

JiS* hujfal breadwinner,


se-

performing a duty, a task, etc.;

Bup porter, provider; bau, baaman,


ourity, surety, Sponsor,

capability, oapaoity, ability, qualifioation;

bondsman; pro-

appropriatenesa, euitability, fitnesa ; competence, effloienoy, skill


ficiently,
|

tector; legal
(-j)

guardian
malcfl
(bihi)

jU&U
,

suf-

enough;
*-Ji-J

jUl jUT fighting


f-u

JjjS*-

guaranteed;

power;

jUS^I

adam

al-k.
l

covered, baoked (banknotes in circulation)


jjS" kafana
%

al-jinstya sexual impotenoe;

iUT

(kafn) to cover with a winding

enough of that,
IT*

that's

enough

sheet, to Bhroud, dress for the grave (*

kajxy sufficient, enough

the deoeaBed) II do.; to


in),

wrap

(- *

**&.
UtSv*

cover

(i~>

* a.th. with)

mukdfh reward;
iktif'

gratification

jjS" kafn saltless

UiTI

contentednees,

content-

ment

yS"

leafan

pl.

uliTl

akfn shroud,

winding sheet
j+jS'

S"
ikfihrr) to

Imfin

pl.

lif

kujh sufficient

enough, adequate; appropriate, suitable,

IV ikfaharra (jl^^iTl

be

suited,

fit ;

capable,

able,

qualified,

dark, grow dark, darken, be or

become

skilled, akillful,

oompetent, efficient

gloomy
t_V<"- muktqfin oontented, content
j\ J4J'\ ikfihrr darknesa,

dark; dusk,

gloom, gloomineas
j+iSl* mukfahirr dim, dusky,

k,

f.

Ulf

kiltd; obl.

JS"

kilai,

f.

JJS"

kiltai

gloomy
both
mel-

(with dependent genit. or suffix)


(of )
;

Bee also alphabetically

olouded,

overcast;

grave, sullen,

ancholy
J5"
lcaf
i

kalla J$*
(jliT
(

(hau, *Jf kia,

J^f

kail,

iJ*'

kifya) to be enough,
( s.o.);

hla,

JjJtf"

hdl, ^Jf kulla) to be or

ufficient

for b.o.), suffice

to

become

tired, fatigued,

weary, exhauated,
languid,
;

meet
s.o.

all

requirements; to proteet
b.o.,

weak

to

be dim,
(glance,
j

dull,

ex-

from

b.o.

from

s.th.);
|

to eave,

presaionless

eyes)

to

become
* s.th.);

spare {*

s.o. all!

a trouble)

jT wa-kaf
t hat's

blunt (Bword)
tiring II to

Jj

indefatigable, unalso
fig.

and

that's

enough of thatl
il

crown

( s.o.,

enough!

jJL*

Jf*

Batisfaotion in

your stead,

may God give or, may God

(Chr.) to
(priest);

perform the marriage ceremony


to

become
(face);
JiS*

dull,

obtuse,

ex-

make up
s.o.

for

your shortooming (said to


{wakllan)

preaaionlees

to

become
IV to

blunt

making a mistake, or showing himJS*"

(sword)

t-UJ b

huila bi-n-najh to

be

crowned

by

Buccess

make
(

self inadequate); -$Sj ^ib

God U
\JS"

languid or tired, to weary,

tire, fatigue,

the best protector; Ol Ujit


is

Jf
...;

(hazanan)

sad enough that


s.o.

exhaust, wear out, harasa, torment


s.o.);

*iy

UT
...

(mu'nata) to save
III to

the

to dim (> the glance)

to be

trouble of
(

be
(

sufficient,
b.o.);

enough

orowned; to wear a crown; (Chr.) to be


married
JS"

for s.o.), suffloe

to requite,
(-

repay,

recompene,

reward

b.o.

kall

weariness, tirednees, fatigue,

with) VIII to be oontent, content

o.b.

(^

exhaustion; dimness, dullnees; dull, dim,


feeble (glance, mind)

with

s.th.)

; ;

835

Sir

US' kia

pl.

-fit,

JJJ* kilal

thin veil,

that
1)1

...,

whatever,
k.

whatsoever;
l-amrt
....

drape, ourtain; mosquito net

^"j/l

m
it

ff

L* Jf anna there ia

JJT

kalt,

J^T

fcoHI

and iJ^ iaWfa

no

more to

than
icua

it's

nothing

wearinees, tiredness, fatigue, exhaustion;

but...;
time,
*j'a(t

cJj Jf

waqtin at any

dimneea, duUness

always; pll

U-. Jf
each
jj
.JJI

/i

fa*W
days,

ayydmtn

in

seven

JJT

JaoZfi

exhausted t

tired,
dull,

weary,
blunt

every seven days;


per (one) thousand
I^d

Zi-fcuUi aJ/in

faint, languid;

weak, feeble;

JJTI iki pl. Jjri atoUP, *Jf afcia orown diadem ; ohaplet, wreath, garland,
I

JcuUam whenerer; the more...,


. .

featoon; tonsure (Chr.); wedding, marriage


JJ>,I
tSjl\
illil

same meaaure aa the more the more


in the

. j

B'

eeremony
JJTl
JJS*I
.

(Chr.);

umbel
rosemary

(bot.)
|

al-jabal

(bot.);

JS
all,

fcuWt total, entire, all -round, Over-

i. t.

ai-Sauk crown of thorns;

Bweeping, oomprehensive, oomplete;

JjTl

a2-maJtfc yellow

aweet clover,

absolute, universal

melilot (Melilotus offioinalis L.; bot.)


JJfcd fattti ooronation, crowning

JT

hvlya

totality,

entirety;

in-

tegrity, wholeness, entireness, complete-

ness; (pl. -t) faculty, school (of a uni-

JS" k tired, fatigued, faint, languid

versity ) ;
learning,

College ;

Institute

of

higher
Bohool

JJC

muibaUai adorned with a wreath,

aoademy,

seoondary

orowned; married (Chr.)


J$* * totality, entirety; everyone, eaoh one, anyone; (with foll. def. noun) whole,
entire, all; (with foll. indef.
jCll

oLSthe
oUSJI
wholly,

oomplete works (of an author)


five

the

logical

predioates

or

general conceptions (philo*.); kulliyaian


entirely,
totally,

absolutely
|

noun) every;
|

JWIj on the whole, in the aggregate,


altogether; J&Ij
lutely

the whole,

all,

everything

jCl L

on

in

"i

not at
its

all,

abso-

the whole, in the aggregate, taken altogether, in bulk; jCli

not;

~&

entire being,

jCll everything, all-

eompletely,
jL*l

totally,

entirely,

wholly

embraoing, all-comprehensive, all-powerful ; o'fij

*Jf oommeroial

eollege; Lj^-

'&j ^i j

JS*

(kuUun min) A as
r

*JT

(harblya) military
*<&" Jcua pl. JJS"
shell,

well in

asBas

academy
bullet;

any

well as C; J$* J* oaae, at any rate ; *JT

ald kuilin

kuhuh he
it

hdal

cannon

ball;

entirely, all of him, it entirely, all of

grenade; a marble

Jli

Jf hlu 4lika

all

that;

^J\ Jf
'x
kail

fodlv l-baiti or *JT c^JI ai-. JbuUuAti the

not at
t

all,

on the oontrary; by
1

whole hou&e; JU-^l Jf or ^Jf

JL*-_^I all

no means certainly not


also *Jf)
|

never

men;
whole

ILLiJ-1

JT ^LUl
nothing
(sirr)

(jfeuu

J-A.)

the

'JS'

^
all

no

(see

(tumma) a thousand
I

truth,
_y

but

the truth;

times no 1 not at

^1
j^-'

Jf
JS*

)t

a very great secret;


tru

j*l

(fc> *')

or

oomplete

'^f kala'a a (,Jf kaV, * kil\ s& kil'a) to guard, preserve, watch, protect (
s.o.)

happiness; J*-j Jf

uZJu
jat'tn

rajulin every

VIII to find no aleep (eye)


kaia
pl. *^tTl

man

ji

Jf

i.

every
aJyadin

thing,

everything,

all; JU-I

Jf

ir.

and Jf
eaoh

akla graas, herbage,

.u-lj i, twSA*(i*n

every

(single) one,

pasture
^JT kal'
:

one;

j* Jf huu

man everyone who,


L*

J*S\ tjlf k. al-'ain sleepless,

whoever, whosoever;

Jf AuUu m4

all

awake

tf
-**
|

836

kaiki clasno(al)

yC

fcSlih

grave,

austere,

somber,

gloomy; fallow,
_5*S' kalaka pl.

livid, doli

grey; turned

-# hora of an automobile
to be eeized

oolorless,

faded

cJf* taJi&o

{lealab)

by hydrorave,

JS* kalt giant fennel (Ferula

communis

L.;

phobia; to beoome mad, orazy; to covet


greedily

Ferula sinaioa

B.; bot.);

(eg.)

kalajc

(J#
fall,

s.th.)

TI to

rage,

ammoniao
jl-d&l al-kaldn the Chaldeans

torm; to
aasail

(J* rush againat eaoh other


raving,
rabid,
furious,

pounce, rush in (J* npon), s.o.); to assail eaoh other,

to be raging,
frenzied,

jl<T kaUn\ Chaldean (adj. and n.);


astrologer
1

mad,

Uf

kalb pl.

.-.* kit dog

U&\

uJf

II to plaster with lime,

whitewash

(#

s.th.); to o&lcine, oalcify (* s.th.)

jtTVl the constellation Canis Major with ite main star Sirius; ji^Vl (_JJl the
constellation Canis

^Jf

ks lime
oaloic, limy, lime- (in

Minor with

its

main,

^JT Hbf
pounds)
|

Com-

star Prooyon; ^^Jl <-Jf* k. oi-taArshark;


Ul l-JT otter; beaver

-JET *jljt limestone

<~^f kasa limekiln


(

Uf
JK*

kalb* pl. - bitch


kalbl oanine (adj.)

rJC mu<ba&u

oalcified

Jf
fesiaii

(It. caiza)

fcoiw pl.

- stooking

^JT

rabies, hydrophobia; burn-

ing t birst; greed (J# for)


,_jr
fcaJii

^JljT
jJS'

see
(Ft.

^f
cakfon) kalnin
pl.

affected with rabies, rabid;

-#

(pair of

mad; greedy
^-tf hdtb and ^jS" kab hook; cramp
pl.

men's) drawers

u-J^

"\

<

(It.

calxeUa) kaltifa pl.

j^.^ toW**

tolJift'

stooking

^f toda
tongs

pl.

-d* (pair of) pincerst

p,JS* fajWyom calcium


,JdS*

^jf
tJl&

kalib pl.

fca&d affected with

iai*/a

(fcaia/)

to become brownish

rabies, rabid, raging

red

(faoe);

to

become
set,

freokled,
(.-

be
be

covered with fxecklea; to like


takOiub fierce struggle, dogfight,

s.th.),

be intent, bent, very attaohed

keen
s.o.

(<->

od),

firee-for-all,

melee, brawl; avidity, greed

(<->

to

or

B.th.),

be
to

jjJS*-

maklUb rabid, frenzied, orazed,

very fond

(<->

of s.o. or B.th.); to be in
(<-

poaseBsed
lilf kaiabS manaoles, handouffs

love, fall in love

with

s.o.)
(

II

oommiBsion,

oharge,

entrust

s.o.,

o* or * with), aasign

(^ or

#
s.o.

to

s.o.

zJ?

kaiata

to pour, pour ont (* s.th.)

task, a Job); to cost (*

a certain
(eg.)

kalaha a

{&

kutoh,

frown,
do.
**JS"

soowl,

look gloomy IT and

amount)
hxdh) to

>U

<JJT (kAfirah)
go
to

to

take the trouble,


bother; to put
s.o.
;

the

trouble,

s.o.

to the trouble, bother


s.o.,

ILLi *i* (Satafan) to overtask

kaiaha zone around the mouth,

expect or
(...JL* or

demand too muoh


...*ijj*)
...li*

of s.o.;
<-*&

mien, facdal ezpreasion

*~*J

837

OB"

('an'a,

trouble to

manaia, maSaqqata) to take tbe go to the ..., to bother to


. . . ,

ization;

oommandment
nuisanoe,

(of

Qod); brden,
trouble,

annoyance,

bother;
;

trouble of...;

LL*L

Ux

tooostB.o. dearly;_^1fl

<*& ijamanan) JT L4* (moAmJ,


coet him, at

inoonvenience,

diseomfort

fuss,

ado

formality, oeremonial of oourtesy, oer-

omru) whatever
cost
o>

it

may

any

emony; expenses, expenditure,


oosts,

outlay,

to brden
B.tb.);

o.e.,

be burdened (* or
o.b. (a

obarges,

overhead;
duties;

prime oost;
taxation,
en-

witb

to take upon
office, eto.);

a Job,
ex-

taxes,

imposts,

a task,

costa,

an

to take over,
e.g.,

cumbrance witb a tax;


(lal.

legal

capaoity

defray, bave to bear (* s.th.,

Law)

Ja& ^
t.

informal(ly), un-

penses) ; to do reluotantly or unwillingly,

oeremonioua(ly),

witbout (standing on)


terrier;

do in a studied or affeote4 manner,


simulate, feign, affect {* B.tb.); to force
o.B. (*

ceremony; .Jd&dl Jilf kaif alt.


JUaLI

J4JI&

al-ma'Ua oost of living


oonstraint,

to do

B.tb.),

do

B.tb. (*)

with

dif-

ficulty, e.g., ^JU^ll

Ja&

1JJS0
(tfaAi) to foroe

takaUuf

unnaturalaira,

nesa

a laugb; to be affected, mannered, unnatural,


tiliouB,
stiff,

of manner;

mannerism,
behavior ;

af-

fectation,

affected

formal, oeremonioua, punorisy


for);
(JjSv*

studied,

stand on ceremony; to employ

unnatural manner; disaimulation, hypoc-

(* e.g., care),

Bpend { J* * an amount
* Bo-and-so

to ooBt (J*

s.o.,

much)
|

mukaaf commisaioned, autbor*


(-

ized,

.JjT kalaf

cbarged

with); obligated, under


(-

(coli.;

n. un. i) freokles

Lr*i\

.JJS* k,

ai-hm sunspota

Obligation, liable
ible (oj for);

to do

s.th.),

respon-

bound, obliged

(<_>

to do

JJS* kalif

very

muob

in love

(v

witb),
(o*

s.th.);

Bubjeot to taxation, taxable; tax-

very
of)

attached

(^

to),

very fond

payer; obligated to observe tbe precepts


of religion (Iah Law); legally oapable,

UJT
monial,

kuifa pl.

_iiS'

kulaf discomfort;
cere-

sane in mind, oompoa mentis

(Isl.

Law)

trouble, inconvenienoe ; nuisanoe;

ceremony,

formality,

ceremo-

jJJ envoy

t_itKi

oharge

d'affaireB,

diplomatio

niousness, affectednesa of behavior, affectatiou,

JtC mukaafa
(JJki*

pl. -t (eg.) terrier

mannerism, pose;

costa,

ex-

penses, expenditure, outlay; trimmings,


fittings,

mutakaUaf formal, ceremonial,


*$J*

acceaaoriea, notions,

Ornaments

ceremonious ; affected, studied, forced, outward, sbam,


false,
artifioxal
|

(buttons, buokles, clasps, braiding, lace,


etc.); lady's

maid

*__iJI ,_CJi (Sanuiya)

<i&U* (fahka) forced laugb


iUtT

the surapots
_>:*

kalak

pl.

-t

(ir.)

raft

of inflated

kaf

stable

hand,

hostler,

Bkins bSS* kalkattd Calcutta (city in

groom
i

NE

India)

yjS' kalifi hirer of donkeya

^SS"
JJ?\
hilf
aklaf*,
f.

kaldki'*:

LT

kalf'*,

pl.

Jm

fO ^^
II

k.

al-'ifm bone

fragments

brownisb

red,

russet ;

freckled

spotted

JOT
taklif pl.

kalkala and

takalkala to

become

JtJ&
ing ;

.JJtft

talrlif*

burden-

callous (skin)

ing, bothering, troubling, inconvenieno-

J&T
thorax
|

kalkal

pl.

JSVf kalkiP ohest,

commissioning,

charging,

author-

*JSVS* c^J., jjS*

z^

under the

dur
oppressive brden of s.th.; *J&j U to

838

^S*
I

iaiJm talking, speaking

Speech
style;

oppreas
6.0.

s.o.

gravely, weigh heavily

upon

language,
talk,

mode

of

espression,

oon versation,

discussion ;

debate,

dispute, controversy; words, word, say-

iKjT kalkala

callosity, callus

ing, utterance, Statement,

remark apho;

JSOC mukalkal
jf
II to

callous (skin)

rism,

maxim, phrase, idiom,

figure
|

of

speeoh; (gram.) sentenoe, clause address


(. s.o.),

p^&U

Bpeak, talk

to

orally, verbally;

f^&U

*i

* (famah)
Order to say

or with
{.

s.o.) III
a.o.)
jfr

to speak, talk, converse

to open one's
s.th.,

mouth

in

with
s.o.,

to speak, talk (^* with or

prepare to say s.th.; fjli

idle

or J* about, of); to utter, expreHS, voice, say (<~> or * s.th.) to

talk, prattle,

poppycock, bosh, nonsense;


diotion;

ftJl Uijir {&1\


(J*l.);

manner of speaking,
ilm
al-k.

jf halm
wound,
4JS"

pl.

p_>K*

JfcuJm,

p^S* kilm

1*

scholastio theology

cut, slaeh

f^&l

j*iT talkative,
*ii

loquaoious,

garrulous; a"&\

lugat al-k. colloquial

kalima

pl.

-(

{coli,

jf kalim)

language, everyday speech


t/^S* halml of or pertaining to speech

word; speech, address; utterance, remark, saying; aphorism, maxim; brief announoement, a few (introduotory) words; hort
treatise;

or words, speech-, word- (in oompounds),


verbal;
logical
|

importance, weight, influence,


|

spoken, oral;
i-*^*
**Li*

scholastio,

theo-

authority, ascendancy, powerful position


*JS\i

(mufdda) battle

<JT kalimatan fa-kalimatan word by


literally;
Jll

of words, dispute, altercation

word,

^>-l *Jj (ukr) in other


alq kalimatan to
;

Jf

kalim
sore;

pl.

words; <jT

make
<JT
J,

injured;

|J

JS*
(pl.

jfcalmd

wounded,
iwlamtf 1 )

yS*

a Bpeech, give a public address iLI've got to talk to you; J*

person addressed; Speaker, spokesman,

p&~&

L***".

mouthpieoe

*'

JB" epithet of Moses

(jama' kalimatahum)

they deoided uJE* see also alphabetioally

nanimously to

.,

they were unanimoua

about

j"->^ C-**i*-l ijiama'at kalima*

jyT
;

Jsimdnf, iaiamdnf, klimnl elo-

tuhum they united, joined forces, came to an agreement ; J* -^JS* -ji-I they were
agreed that...; 5J&1 -V-> or *jJ! **-. al-k. union, joining of forces, unanim-

quent fluent Speaker

*'& tileldm, tiklm and :J&


f

tW<Jma,

jW

KttSma

eloquent ;

good

talker,

oon-

ity ; i-jCl jU'I tihd al-k. ooncord, agreeI

versationalist; talkative, loquaoious, gar-

ment, harmony; USJI 5j dissension,


variance, disunion;
c*JB J*l
(a'fc!)

rulous

to

H&+ muktama
cussion
sation
|

talk, conversation, dis-

raise the prestige of s.o.;


al-k.

U&l

j)* 'vlw

; _fjij"

Bs* telephone conver-

and UUI *J&I


Jl

('JyiS)

flupremaoy,

hegemony; ulT

he said what he had


il

to say, he had his say;

<JS

the word

1SJ (afcoum speaking; talk, converaation; Bpeech

of God, the Holy Scriptures;

jjJ^

*^

paasword, watchword.parole;
i'a&r)

jIIjM

oUWl
-rr,
watch-

ISo muioiuZIim Bpeaking


Speaker, spokesman;
first

(aot. part.);

the ten Commandments ; j-l^" iJS'

person {gram.);

(tomAfettya) preface;
(tr.)

^1

<JT

Jb.

Muslim theologian,

scholastio

^1

if iJm

a-trr parole,

word, counteraign

yT huama

see JT

839

JU*
<t[f

OytT kmk up alphabetically


i_S*

kimma

pl.

-t,

r\S kam'im*

muzzle; oloth for muffling the mouth;

kvlya and

ijJS"

kulwa

pl.

kvian,

mask;
#f*

gas mask; perianth, calyx

D tjj^
(j^JS*

kalwt kidney

kam'
IT

pl.

~\ akmu'

truffle;

mushroom

ihJu>i

of or pertaining to the

kidneys, renal, nephric, nephritic, nephro(in

kama
ii

(pl.) truffles

oompouncU)

tion of the kidneys, nephritis


(majis) renal oolio

jj" vU^' inflammaj^JS* ^^L


;

]f ka-m see

ka

o\f kamn

violin, fiddle

~ljJK*

kilUih

pl. -(U

clioh

^l^" kamnji

player of a **^i* (q- T -)

<_X (Engl.) kamb camp

JT

fctm pl. <JS*i aklima kilim, carpet, rg


(usually long

and narrow)
and exclamatory par-

iJL-T

(It.

cambiale) kambiyla pl. -t bl of

exchange, draft
1

f*

kam
ticle

(interrogative

in aoo.) how much? how many? how much! ^JI loJj f* (woladan) how many sons do you have? f* how many j (marratan) or lj* ,y f* times? how oftenT how often! ,jji L J" (Aariy) how much more...! how much rather & for how much 7 how much

with

foll.

noun

C-j

jS

kambartt batiste, cambrio


cambio) kambiy exchange,

j~S

(It.

money

exchange; rate of exchange

iiX kamata u (iam*) to suppress


anger)

(* one's

. .

Z*S kumait
chestnut, bay,

(m. and

f.)

reddiflh-brown,

(is it)T

maroon

f" ifcamm amount, quantity


rtya(
aJ-fc.

Ql ^Li nauz*
(phys.)

quantum theory
quantitative
pl. -t

tSjS kummatr (coli.; n. un. I^ kum* matrk pl. ^^jS" kummatrayt) pear

kmmt

- kamaha a
<*
l

(kamh) to pull up, rein


do.
<jli

in

iS kammlya
magnitude

amount, quantity,

an animal) IV

iS kamaka a

{kamk) with

bi-anfihi: to

f*

jfcamTao

(fcamm) to oover, cover up, conplug up, atop


s.o.)
|

turn up one's nose, be haughty IV


^li"

ceal, hide, cloak (* s.th.); to

kumak

pride, haughtiness, over-

up
II

(* s.th.);

to muzzle
s.o. 's

S"
2

weening, self-conceit
*5* kmak, kmik
pl. '* I^T

(famah) to stop
to muzzle

mouth,

silence s.o.
s.o. 's ()

kawmik2

vine-

( s.o.);

to muffle

gar sauce, pickle; (mixed) pickles


a]

mouth;

O to

spike ( a cannon); to pro-

vide with sleeves (* a garment) IV to provide with sleeves {* a garment)


f*

J~S kamk

silk fabric,

damaak

jS~

kamida a (kamd) to be sad, grieved,


distressed,

kumm
kimm

pl. *L5

akmm,

<S kimama
I

heartsick;
flat

to

be

smutty,

sleeve
f"

swarthy, duU,
color,
pl. *LTl

(color);

to fade, lose
apply a

become discolored

II to ( to

akmm, 'S akimma,


akmim* calyx
{bot.);

hot compress, a hot pack

a limb)

a'J"

kimm,

-*"!

IV to sadden, grieve, worry, make heartick ( s.o.)

perianth

{bot.)

X to become smutty, swarthy,


darken, become dark (color)

a" kimm muzzle

dull, flat; to

juS"

840

j"

karnd,

kamad

and

aT

kumda

*JlT

kam&a a handful
kamii,
|

dull,

swarthy oolor; dullness, duskiness,

swarthinees; sadness, grief


j~

^T L
ful,

^S
jljVI

kamii

adroit, skillai-ixr do.;

skled

J-S

k,

kamtd and

jS

kamld sad, grieved,

efflcient, aotive, diligent, industrious

worried, heartsick; gloomy, dark


*J-}f

kammSa

pl. -t (pair)

of pincers

*\f kimd and t})f kimda compress, pack


-iTl

(jil^jl

inkimi absorption, preoooupa-

tion, self-absorption

akmad*

dark-oolored,

blaokish,

^iio

munJbamti

shrunk

cramped,

swarthy
JlSj

clenched, convulsed; absorbed, preoocupied, self-absorbed, introverted

tahnid applioation of hot com-

presses, fomentation
.uS"

S m to
and
ioX*

sleep

with

s.o.),

embraoe
with

( s.o.),

kmid sad, grieved, worried, heart-

have sexual interoourse


gS" kamt bedfellow

(*

s.o.)

sick;

gloomy, dark; swarthy, dark-oolored

jX*

mwbamnuui
pl. -dt

mufcam

moda

compress, pack

JT

kamala, kamula u and kamiia a


kaml,

(<S\f

J^T kuml) to be
finished,

or

beoome

^T

Jbamar pl.

jl^"l

akmr

belt
girder, Bpeoif.,

whole, entire, integral, perfect, complete;


to

!^T Jbamara

pl. -St

beam,
|

be

done,

completed,

ao-

iron girder ; arm, jib

<J

U- !^T (hammla)

complished; to be concluded, come to a


oloee
II

and

^iJ^Jl

L-ii J-**i i_^" (ful&dnoi-winJ)

and IY to

finish,

wind up,
to perfect,

beam, bridge (of a traveling orane)


*jj*

oonclude, complete,

consummate (* s.th.)
s.th.)
;

to oarry out, exeoute {*

mafonr

(eg.)

dish of chopped

meat

round
(a

out,

complement,
be

Supplement
perfect,

and vegetables

s.th.)

VI and Till to be
integral,

jf

(*yr.)

gwnrug pl. iijl^" gamdrig* oustoms

consummate,

or

become

cuBtomhouse

oomplete, finished, done, aooomplished,

oonoluded; to reaoh oompletion,

fulfill-

$jf gumrugl
pounds)

oustoms-,

tariff- (in

Com-

ment

or perfection, to mature, ripen; to

be perfeoted
pl.

to oomplete (* s.th.); to

t&jLT kumsti

IjjLT

Jfcumarlyo (e$.)

perfect (* s.th.); to round out, comple-

(streetcar, raUroad, etc.)

conductor

ment, Supplement
out, meet,
fulfill

{*

s.th.)

to

carry
oondi-

{* s.th.,

e.g.,

jS

kamaSa u (kamt) to

seize, grasp, grip,

tions)
Jl^"

olutoh (* s.th.)

V to beoome wrinkled,
oower,
quail

kaml

pl. -t

perfection ; complete-

to wrinkle; to shrink; to contract; to


recoil

ness ;

oompletion,

consummation,

con-

within

o.s.,

VII to

olusion, termination,

windup; maturity,

beoome wrinkled, to wrinkle; to shrink;


to contract; to tighten,

ripeness

|<J

become cramped,
o.a.,

in its fll scope, oomplete-

ly, entirely,

wholly, totally
luxury, luxurious, de luxe;

be convulsed; to recoil within


quail; to

cower,
Jl/*

withdraw within
to

o.s.,

become
seif*

kamU

or

be preoocupied with oj., be


oolleot

C*Lf\^" mxuries; luxury

absorbed;

one's

thoughta,

Uy kamia (cooq.) that whioh


plenient; addition, Supplement

fills

up

gather one's strength, oonoentrate (also

or completes a weight or number, a oom-

with *- J)

841

J
4l~

jTl
perfect

abnaP
|

more

complete,

more

kumna black

catarset (med.)

JLTIj

entirely, wholly, totally;

l+LTl JxJ all

London
oompletion, complementperfection ;

\f look up alphabetioally

JJj
ing,

tafemiZ

minum L.;6o(.)

j? leammn cumin (Cuminum oyj^-I u^T black oaraway,


J

perfecting,

conolusion,

black oumin (Nigella aativa L.;

bot.);

jf

termination,

windup;

oonsummation,

&j

(barri) do.;

jL- u_jT (hulw) anise,

ezecution

aniseed

JJj
ing,

takmili completing, complement-

jS

kamin

pl.
;

liT

hwnan'* hidden,
Beeret attack
|

oomplementary,
(-UjJI by-election

supplementary

lying in

ambush ambush,

Jj

<Lfc takmila Supplement,


t}\f\

oomplement

LS j i (dabbara) to hatoh LS to aet a trap for b.o.


<J

a plot

v_J

ihml completion, complementperfection


;

jSC

mahnan

pl.
is

j&*
|

malcmin*

ing,

perfecting,

concluskro,

place whore s.th.

hidden; ambuscade;

termination; windup; oonsummation, ezecution


J-Gsj takmul Integration; unification

ambush, hiding place


m.
cu-sirr that's

^Jl j* U* Aund
lies

whare the secret

j*lf Jbdmtn hidden, concealed, latent;


Beeret;
factors,
Ij^jT
pl.

to a perfect whole
oalculus
J-tS*

O J-&J' V - integral
1

J^

kawmin*

underlying

hidden background, latent deptha


**>iS

takmuli

integrative;

all-in-

kamanj and

hamanja

oriental

oluding and unifying to form a perfect

stringed instrument having one or


Btrings ; (Western) violin, fiddle

two

whole
J'^TI

ihtimi

completion;

maturity,

*S~

kamah

blindness (from birth)

ripeness
(Jl^&J istihml oonolusion, termination, finishing

S\
fomh

akmah*,
blind,

f.

.l+T

kamM\

pl.

born blind

Ji
J^G"

Jcamiy

pl. "*\f

kvmh,
in

*\f\

akm' armed
brave,

km

pl.

ilf

hamala

perfect,

and

ironclad,

fll

armor ;

oonsummate ; genuine,
fll,

Sterling; complete,

valiant, courageous

plenary,

full-Btrength;

completed,

concluded; whole, entire, total, integral;

bjS

(Fr.

camion)

kamiyn

pl. -t

truck,

name

of a poetic meter;
|

folio

format

lorry

(paper)

*LtS wholly, entirely, totally,


its

jT kanna u
s.th.);

(kann,

bjS

fcunn) to hide (*

altogether, in
(laban)

entirety;

JK"

ir-}

to conceal, cover, cloak (* s.th.);

unskimmed, full-bodied milk

to shelter, ensconce, contain {* a.tb.);

J-So. mutakmil perfect; integrative;


oomplete, integral

to harbor (J * friendship toward); to

calm down, subside, abate (wind)


hide,

11 to (*

conceal,

Becrete,

keep secret
still,

jT kamana u and kamina a (jf kumn)


to hide; to be hidden, concealed, latent;

B.th.);
s.th.)

to oalm, quiet,

aasuage (*

IV to hide, conceal,
(*
s.th.)

secrete,

keep

to have

its Beeret

seat (j in)

to

ambush,

Beeret

Till to be

hidden, be

s.o.),

waylay (J s.o.) T to lie in wait (J for ambush, waylay (J s.o.) X to hide,

concealed

to be hidden, be concealed;
lie

to seek shelter; to

oomfortably, nestle,

He concealed

cuddle, snuggle; to calm

down

, ;

J
^f
cover,

842

kann, kinn

pl.

iliLi"!

ahnn, iS\
is

\)XS~

hundur frankincense

akinna place where one


Bhelter, retreat,

Bheltered;

refuge ;

nest

KjxS"

kundura

pl.

jjLT

kandir*

(yr.)

home, houae, hut; arbor, bower

(Western -style) ehoe


^ixi" kundui magpie

*S

kanna

pl.

JLT

kan'in* daughter-

in-law ; sister-in-law

jUT

look up alphabetioally
fcanaia
i

"*S kinna ahelter, cover, covering

^T
~*S kunna
roof,
pl. -t t

(Jnz) to

jL5"

hinan shed

bury (^jl/l j in the

ground, * a treaaure); to pile up, heap


up, lay up, acoumulate, amass, oollect,

pent roof, awning

LT

TuSn

pl. iiS"!

ajfcinno

shed roof,

gather, save, hoard (* s.th.) VIII to be


firm,

pent roof, awning

compact,

flturdy, strapping; to ao-

L5" fctndna

pl. -t,
|

er (for arrows)

\S kan'in* quivUlf ^j\ ard hinna,

oumulate, amass, gather (* money, treasures); to hide (*


'JS"

money, treasures)
kunz treaaure

US3I Egypt (Iand of the Kinana tribe)


j_jJ B"

kanz

pl.

jyT

faSnn pl. j%J l_,5" kawnin* stove


jfcdntZn:

'JS"

kaniz firm, compact (flesh); sturdy,

jj5"

J/ifl

jJlT

ib.

al-awwal

strapping (body)

Deoember
JU]
I

(iSyr.,

Leb., Jord., Ir.); 0_^K"

jL^I
the body)

iktinz

Btrong,

sturdy build,
stoutness
(of

Jb.

at-tnl

January

(*9yr. ,

Leb.

sturdiness,

compactness,

Jord., Ir.)

J-.S

kanin hidden, ooncealed; well-

>'i> muktaniz firm,

compact

(flesh);

kept
j^X* rnaknn hidden, ooncealed; well-

sturdy
(Ups)
;

(body);

compressed,

pinched

massive, Btrong;

muktanaz acou-

kept hidden content


;

mulated, amassed; hidden, buried


_r

\)\S kanr edge, rim, border, fringe, hem,


selvage
"(ijUS" kanrl
1

-i5'

kanasa u (kans) to sweep (* the house)

Udo.
canary
l

rjS'

kons sweeping, cleaning


visit

i-ill al-kansa
<_~J'

of the ulema to

kanab

callosity, callus

<^lT kanib and <_j* rnuntfe callous


(skin)
%

tomb of the Imam al-Sh&fi'i where they sweep away the dust
the
.j-Uf kanna sweeper; street sweeper,

*S or -J*

street cleaner
(Fr. canapi)

kanabih

pl. -<W

sofa
i-U5"
Icunsa

Bweepings, refuse, gar-

^Jl aZ-un/ the Congo

bage, offal
(eg.)

j^S"
1

kangar kangaroo

U-S' kanis nose bag


l

ijiT kund ingratitude

rxS" kanis eynagogue


pl.

ajS~ kanlid ungrateful


*\xS~

i-j^T kanlsa

^Uf kanais* church

{Chr.); synagogue, temple (Jvd.)

kanad Canada
tjjS"

kanasi and ^-115* kanaist ec-

tjxS" hanadi

Canadian

cleaiastic(al) ; clerical

843

jf
to understand thoroughly, grasp in
entirety
{* s.th.)
its

i_i*

mikntua

pl.

^JlSC

makdnis*

broom;
ohine)
|

O weeper,

street sweeper (ma-

to seek to explore

^jljjfS" i_i* (JbaAra&Tiya) vao-

or find out (* s.th.); to fathom, disoover,


find out, grasp, understand (* s.th.)

num

cleaner
mtfcnd1 , L-L. mfcnMa

^L.
(oity in

Meknee

*S
oore,

kunh
essenoe,

utmost

degree,

extreme
nature,
ya'rifuh
it

Moroooo)

substanoe,
|

true
*ij*j

essential being

i,*ll

^LiT

Aunndj,

UUT

*S
ite

Aunndfa

scrapbook;

kunha

l-ma'rifa

he understands

most

1>UUT fundamental*, principles

thoroughly, he graspe

very eBsenoe

J>-^T U5*

(Fr. consolt) kuntfl pl.


1

.# oonsole

oL^So takannuht
.Ltf*l

0I14S0
.lii-l
iatilcndk

fajn'dn

Canaan

iktinh

and

fathoming, penetration, ezploration

yiT

kan$ar kangaroo
jj+" kanahwar cumuli
(

JT kanafa u (kanf) to guard, proteot


i.o.)
;

to fenoe in, hedge, provide with an

(>5* and
(SjL5"
(jfr

JT) UT kan u and jT kan


kinya)
to

enclosure (a B.th.); to Surround (a s.th.,


s.o.); to help, assist ( s.o.) III

use

metonymioally

and IT
(*

s.th. for);

to allude (je
%

to aheiter, proteot, help, anist

s.th. to);
b.o.)

jT
( s.o.)

with

kan

(LS

kunya) and

Till to Surround (on both sides), enolose,

II

to call

embraoe

(* s.th.)
pl,

T and
of
{>->),

VIIIto be
call o.s.

by the surname of {<J) known by the surname by the surname of (\J)


JS"

JmS
Jl^"

kanaf

JtTl

aknf

aide, flank;
|

wing; shadow, aheiter, pale, fold; bosom

\S

kunya

pl.

kunan surname,
of

ander cover of
...;

. . .

in

an atmos-

agnomen
followed

{oonsisting

ab or

twnm

phere of
tion,

LS"!

under his protecjUS"

by

the

name

of the son)

under his sponsorship


pl. -dt

kinya indireot ezpression, me*


allusion;

tonymy;
US* kunfa,

indireot
(Ial.

deelaration
|

vermieelli

baked

of (legal)

intent

Law)
j

in sugar, melted butter


ijt-i5*

and honey
kunuf
water

U^L
(as

indireot, not olear

and unequivooal
'*&"
Cf-

kanlf

pl.

.JlS*

opposed to .s")i

it ta it

tanta-

oloset, toilet ; public lavatory

mount
for...,

to
it

. . . ,

it

meana

....

Btanda

Jj muletanaf surrounded, enolosed

oonsists in...; j

jUS"

(v by)

nyatan 'an tantamount to; in


instead of

lieu of,

^LlT

(Engl.) kanf oanvas


ScJ; e?.) pl.

c* ^* makniy 'anhu metonymioally

SScT kanaka (=
1
l

coffee pot

expressed

jScT

feznfcana to stay at
o.s.

home;

to Bettle
*-j4S~

J* mukannan eurnamed
kahraba to electrify, electrize
(*
s.th.)

down, make
gle,

at home; to nestle, snug-

(* s.th.);

cuddle up

to ionize
electrified,

II

takahraba to be
eleotrio;

*bSS
*S

be electrized, become

kanakind quinine
to

to be

charged with electricity; to be

Till

fathom,

probe,

sound,

in-

ionized
<j_^5"

vestigate, ezploxe (a s.th.), look {* into


i.th.); to get to

kahraba electrization,

electrifica-

the bottom (* of

B.th.);

tion; electricity

jf
<~jj^" hakrab pl.

844

vjU^

Icahrib* eleo-

Ja6* faS&
part

pl.

Jaljf kawhiP upper


|

tron

of the back; withers

US" JJu

ujv/
(Jj^T
(in

JbuAair pl.
kuhairibi
|

- eleotron
eleotron-

taqqala

k&hilah
s.o.

to

load,

brden, en-

oumber
electronic,
(i.

or

s.th., e.g.,

jljdl JaS" JJu

oJ-mlzdn)

to

brden
(f.

the

budget

Compounds)

J^v^ll ^^1

(tnijhar)

*1>5" j*. i_-JI

Juic

oJ-*b')
s.o.

unburdens.th.

eleotron microeoope

ing,

disencumbranoe of

or

jjl|T

kaJiribi electronic, eleotron- (in

Compounds)
.1^5* kakrab' and l^+T fcoAraM amber; electrioity;
oar, the trolley

LlfT kahma duUness, bluntneas;


languor, weakness

lasaitude

L^&l

(eg.)

the etreet-

j^' hahana a u (UlfT kahna)


the future,
teil

to prediot
s.o),

the fortune (J of
s.o.)

Jb^+T

JoAraftTi

and J^S* AaAra&l


j

prophesy (J to
teil,

to prediot, fore(- fl.th.)

eleotric(al) ; eleotriaian

jLj^5* jLj (toy*

preaage, prophesy

ydr) eleotric ourrent; jLj^5* i*U- storage

4il^T iil^T

kahna prediotion; propheoy

battery, econdary battery, aooumulator;

KAna

divination, Boothsaying,

VLi^5* rl**
lightbulb;
<jlj_^5*

mvk*)

eleotrio

lamp,
(IL

fortunetelling

Jlj^T iU diathenny;

electrophysicist;

Ij^J" o*^"**

dj^"
j_r+s}\

kahnvt,

JfcoAantU

priesthood

(mafjustls) electromagnet;

SJL^T v^LJU
(nfir) eleotrio

JU-j the olergy, the ministry


priestly,

electromsgnetism; Jl^Tj^
light

Jj^f kahanH

sacerdotal,

njniatjwial, clerioal, ecclesiastio(al)

V^*^*

fcoAn>M*iya

and

^r

fcoA*

^L* mahhan (place of an) Oracle


j^SJ
(ojboAAun
pl.
-dt

ro&fya electrioity
t-.^-* mufeaArab eleotrioally oharged,

prediotion,

propheoy; oonjeoture, surmiae

electrised, electrified;

duotive, oondaoting, ioniied;


oally

O eleotrioally oonO eleotriwith


eleotrio

^5"

khin

pl.

l^f

JnMn,

li^T

ignited,

provided

JnAana diviner, soothsayer, prognostica44&I ,^-jjj and tor, fortuneteller; priest


|

ignition

l^SOI

juS" high priest

tS

-*^j' kahrafiA eleotromagnetio

J4S0. mutaJfeaAAin diviner, soothsayer,


prognostioator, fortuneteller

oL^S* kahramn amber


(C|T
l'^5*

JruAna rags, ahreds, sorap, junk; rag-

kahf

pl.

Jtjtf'

ttihf cave, cavern;


|

ged, tattered

depTO Ion, hollow, oavity <syj J^ (ri* 'ri) pulmonary abscess, vomioa (med,);
i_*'i^

^^T hvhnajl
LlfT
kih&ya
Tunisia

ragman, ragpicker
district

B *-U*l

tb* Seren Sleepers


Jh*f), feiAula

administrative

in

Jf Ubab a <J*T

(y^f

kmka) and VUI to be middle-aged, be


at the height of one's
life

LlT faSAya
offleer of

pl.

\jS~

hmoahin chief

jI^S";

deputy, vice-, ander-,

Jf to

pl.

Jf

fcuAAoJ,

Jl<T KA4,
middle-aged,

b-

(Tun.)
pl.

J^T
man

fcuAtiZ,

*? HAWn

IjT fttoa

4t,

j^

Jbuwan,

Jf

Wufl*

of matare age

aperture; small window, attic window,


skylight; peephole

J^f

Mtio

maturity of age

840

j/
sooner..., aa aoon as...":)

JJ \jf kawdlinl pl. ~ya loclcBmith


-j5

*ju

hb

pl.

t-'JjS'"!

aJaoOb drinking glase,

no sooner had he got up


(tar)

..,;

jS* L " j y jfc V


or,

tumbler;

(t>.)

cup
drinking
glaas,

you

will

hardly ever aee,

you

barely see, or, the

moment you

see...;

i>jf kba

tumbler;

Uly

-lj

ji

fem yakad yarhd no sooner


her, the

hearts (in a deck of cards)

had he seen
(of a ship)

tijjf

(It.

coperta) kbarta
fcdprti)

deck

and J than, as aoon aa he


Jji

&j

jj; jT (Turk.

kubri pl.

Q ^jlT JaMrt

he

he

moment he saw her; jB* U no sooner he ... the moment


,

. ..

bridge

(eg.)

iG* hd:

i&l almost, nearly;

see also

^I^j^T

(Fr.

CopenAayi) Copenhagen

alphabetically

,j*-\+jjf kbinhgin

Copenhagen
copy
|

'O**

M to heap

up, pile

up

(* a.th.)

LfjT
i.

(It. copio) iaftiyd

U^f ^

joiam

~*j? Jfeawfa pl. .i^Tl aihrd heap, pile

copying penc, indelible penc

Vj
b"

*i*jf

(eff-)

hudy

zr

woman

leader of

J-jj^" (Engl, cobble) cobbled

pavement, cob-

the Zar ritual


II

blestones
rijS"" (!*

to

roll, roll

up, oo,
(j>

roll into

a ball

wpw)

hbiya oopy

(* s.th.); to

wind

the turban); to
s.th.);
fist)

make

round, ball-shaped (*
Co_^i!
ai-ifcuuxHt

to

elenoh

Kuwait
yijf
fcotwKir1

(*=JLi qabdatah one's

to

beoome
a lying
or

yV"
ojT
jyS"

(Bntf- cuWfir ) Mtar pl.

round, be or beoome ball-shaped, globular,

(eg.) outter,

yawl
abund&noe, profuaion
plenti-

spherical; to ourl to

up

(in

Position);
fcauja fertility;
Jca-ufar

oonglomerate,

form

gather into a ball

muoh, ample, abundant,

j^T kr

pl.

jl^Tl akwr, jj"\ akwur,

ful; large

quantity; jj}\ al-kaufar

name

\jS~ hxrn camel aaddle; forge; furnace,


smelting furnaoe; bellows

of a river in Paradise

J?jT

fcaujai stern (of

a ship)

ijjf hra

pl.

jjf kutmr

diatriot, rural
(

tSrjZ* see

^
pl.

district; amall
i^j

town; vlage; ball

= I^T)

^jT
2

jf

see below, alphabetioally


pl.

buk

^IjTl

a*u hut
Jjl^T huwra

j\^

kavrfir* beehive
globular,

L*-tTlook up alphabetically
(jjT) ilT dda (Ist pera. perf. i/u) imperf.

JjjjT kravX
spherical
jj$i

ball-shaped,

jKj yafefa to be on the point (jl of doing s.th.), be about (jl to do s.th);
(with imperf.)
it

mikwar and

ijjfc*

mikwara turban

jji>

mukawwar

wouldn't have taken


(it)

ball-shaped, globular,

much more..., he

round

all
|

but...; he
ctj*

(would have) almoat

...

if

he

jT

look up alphabetioally

almost died; ^ajI li-tT hidtu adhabu I almoat went; ,-aJl *. j j& jfo
(Aitim Z-'adom) it
ii

almost as good aa
neg.

*TJj^^i bi-l-kanraja in the bulk, wholesale, in the lump

nonexistent;
to

(with

oorresponding

bj*jf

(Fr. cordon) hordn pl. -t cordon;

EngL

"hardly, acaroely, barely; no

ribbon, braid, lace, trimming

;/
^jjT
(Engl.) kraa chorus (alo
fig.);

846

choir

IJjS"

kftya

pl.

-t

kafflyeh, Square

kerchief

diagonally
'iql as

folded

and

worn

^j^TtFr.

corset) koraih pl. <l>\+~*j'

konl*

under the

a headdress

hat coraet
i}jf (Engl.) hh coke

iij^ iiljj^S*

(Turk. krek) krek forced labor

^S^

kavkab

pl. u-ri.jT fcatwifct' star (also,

^j^

fig.,

of aoreen,

stage,

eto.)

leuooma,
|

(Fr. corniche) see

^j/*

white opaoity in the Cornea of the eye


u*ti- <^-0^ (nnam'i) film star

Lj^jT itfrty Korea

^j_jT

itfrt

Korean and jjt"

<Sjf kaukaba
ty;
(pl.

Btar; group, troop, par*

wi'ljT

kawkib*) (Syr.\ m.)

<iiijj? see ii^^S"

aquadron (of armored units, of cavalry)


kizn amall
|

jjf

fcz pl.

jljfl akwz,

o\yf

iS" kaukabi
starred; astral

star-shaped, stelliform,

jug of clay or tin; mug, tankard


ifc.

j)l

j^T

starlike, stellular, atellate, stellar; starry,

a4-dura
<fe*

(eg.)

corncob

tJ

*'

pl. -l

Bmall
I

drum

J-^T
^tS"
fine,

koktll cockteil

'^If
*

fc pl.

^Ijf akwa
{eg.)

VjS" kaidn, kln papyrus (Cyperus papretty,

Lri^'

kuivayyia

nice,

pyrus;

bot.)

oomely, handsome, beautiful

j^JjS" kolomb Colombo (oapital of Ceylon)

^^fl akwas* more


nicer

beautiful, prettier,

LyJjT kolombiy Colombia


jHw
{coli.;

Ljf

or

,j-jS*

n.un. UyS* ksh,

UjJ^

holniy Cologne ;

Eau de Cologne

<oU_>S~

ifcwaya) (e^.,jyr.) Zucchini; see


^jS'

IjJ^T (Fr. choltra) klir cholera


J_jT klis
ooulisse,
pl.

also

under

P-jS" hausaj swordfiflh (Xiphias gladiu)


UijS" fcia pl.

(ir

^IjT
|

kawc* aide scene,


l

^"

JcuwaS kiln (speoif., lime-

Jlj&l *\jj behind _r the scenes, backstage (also fig.)

backdrop

kiln)
0^'j^* pl- f <J>">*

which see (alphabetical-

*/"

Jt'

and &"

fc'

pl.

^IjTI

ajfcuw',

uU-f
elbow,

"

ly);JJ^ibid.
up
(* B.th.)

Jfci'dn

projecting carpal end of the radiua,

wristbone;
angle,

elbow
(of a
|

(anal.);

Ic'

l>jT II to beap, pile up, Btack

bend

pipe);
ij^-lil
f-jJI

curve,

tum,

V to be

piled up; to pile

up; to accu-

bend (ofaroad)

/" kneepiece

mulate; to sink to the ground, crumple,


coliapse in a

or elbow of a pipe;
{ya'rifu)

he doean't

j* j^' *-Jj*L ^ know h knee from

heap
pl.

>jT kaum
heap, pile;

fljTl

akwm, l^T Htnn

his

elbow (proverbially of a stupid person)


to band together, throng together,

hill; pl.

uleT kimn eep. gar-

Ji^ V

bage

piles, refuse

dump
pl. -t,

gather in a

orowd

lyf* kauma,
>ljS"l

kma

>jf iuuwm,
|

i#jS3l al-kfa

Kufa (town

in Iraq)
fc.
;

akivm beap,

pile;

maas

,_J*J-I <.^S*

al-hafab pyre, stake

JjT k

Kufic; Kufic writing jjjft


IjJU f

the Kufic (school of) grammarians

komndn commandant, Commander

847
5"

i/
into being, form, Bhape, fashion (* a.th.)

tAjl*jT see jjl


^jt-j.-vjf kmiaynji

V
commiasion merohant
to

to be created, be formed; to
exiatence,

come

in-

form,

ariBe,

develop ;

to
(j*

jZjijmjf
table

(It.

cofftmodtno)

komudin bedaide

eonaiat,
of),

be composed, be
(^y

made up

be formed

by)

to to
o.a.,

become
submit,

lowly,
Li-.jS" jfcmtdiy

humble,
surrender,

miserable;

comedy

yield,
o.s.,

humble
pie;

abaae
o.a.,

eat
o.s.

humble

to

abandon

'(jT) tT idna

(fcaun,

JLf

fe'yn,

^-T

give

over (Jl to
pl.

s.th.)

tomna) to be; to

exist; to

happen, ocj3

cur, take place; with acc. of the predicate: to be a.th.; with


foll. perf.

kaun
;

jljj

abwn

being, esse;

denoting

existence

event,

occurrence,

incident

the pluperfect; with

foll.

imporf. express-

jjfll the existent, the existing, reality;

ing duration in the past


sive past:

Engl, progres-

the world; the cosmos, the universe

was doing

(often correapond-

J*VI j}\
with
foll.

(a'l)

the

Supreme Being, God;

ing to Engl, "used to...", "would...");

genit. or suffix of the logioal

with J: to belong
c-aj

to,

be one's
;

own

(*J

jK"

subject and acc. of the predicate: the


fact that s.o. or s.th.
li-lcauniki
ia ...,

s.th.

he had or owned a house) with J and to be the right man for, be qualified
:

Uyjf <ij

majnnan
*jjf

because

he
is

is

for; with j*: to belong to, pertain to;

with

mad,
ijjf

Li_^o

although he
or
relating

mad
the

J*: to be incumbent on, be the duty of; with Jl: to be assigned to, be the lot or
share
foll.

kaunl

of

to

universe or cosmos,

universal,
|

oosmic,

of,

be

left to,

be due
L*

(s.o.)

ojSi L

cosmo(aii"a)

(in

Compounds)
raya;

o^SOI l*iVl

the elative:

J&

r\

J* (atammi)

cosmic

JjT *l& coemio

in the

most perfect manner conceivable,


l*

System

as perfect(ly) as possible;
i->l_j~JI

^J\

**J[yl

Jl

j&

o\S

(fawb)

what they

kiyn being, esae; exiatence; es-

said
1

came
(lam

sence, substance; natura

quite close to the truth: J

j&

yakun)

or

j|f

(with

foll.

jf^Jl al-yakn the

sum

total

subjunctive) he

is (or

was) not the right


of,

jt.

makn

pl.

IS^\ amkina,
ia

jTLI

man

for,

he was not capable


.

he was

amkin* place where one

or Stands;

not in a position to

. . ;

it ia

(or was)
|1

not

place, site, spot, location; pasaage (in a

apt to
it

...;

jl

4_L o**J

^&

(li-yas'uba)

book); locality, locale; seat, place


in

(e.g.,

wouldn't have been


there

difficult for

him
(or

raroad

compartment)
dignity ;

poBition,

to ...,

was no reason
...;

why he
L*

Standing,

rank,

importance,
(philo.);

couldn't have

jl

VI

o. lf

consequence,

weight;

spaoe

^Sj

|J)

(l an) he
...,
.

but to

had no other choice there waB nothing for him to


he did no more than
ia
. . . ;

presence; Situation, conditions, circumBtances; jt.

makna
|

in

the place
c^S"

of,

do but to
jl
*J

. . ;

L.

in lieu of, instead of

iljtSC-

jlf

it

(or
is

was) impossible for

lau

kuntu maknaka
if I

if I

were in your place,

him

to...; he

(or was)

unable to...;
kabari
k.

were you;
at

*ilSL

s*-

^--1

asbaha

jl

to

spot,

once;

dlit^

maknah on the maknak stop!

disappear,

become dated, belong to the

past; jlf, jlf a populr form of


eonsisting of quatrains II to

poem
bring

to to

K- Jf j everywhere; l;lC J-l (akl) make room; LX. UI&. Ji-1 (ihtaa)
have
or

make,
forth,

create,

hold

streng,

powerful
is

produce,

originale,

bring

position;

&c UUJl

j* jm (Saj'a) he

0/
extremely
brave;
that

848

&r
ia

*->^l

*iJk

*\jS look up alphabetioally


jlljwjT
(It.

(ahammlya)
lmportanoe;
(na$arfya,

of

considerable

&r

<J**J&\

j*

*ij^ *^
is

contratto)

kontrt agreement,

u'/)

this

theory

rather the

aocord, treaty, oontract

weak; <Ju j* *^\


importanoe of
s.th.

SU

(Ttaftihl)

jjlijSjT

(It.

concordaio) konhtrdt settle-

for s.o.,

the place

ment, compoeition (between debtor and


oreditors)

that s.th. has in


site of action, delicti;

s.o. 's

mind; tioU-l jCk.

soene of the crime, locus

olil JJi farf al-m. adverb of


{gram.)',

iJU/" konyk cognao

place

Sj*j

jT\*\

[toa'ra)

dif-

fioult terrain,

rugged oountry
pl.

jSU for ifj&> see

^jf
(* sth.); to

3J& mafcdna

-dl

place; location,

"jjT iowd
cautery

(S

kayy) to burn

Situation; position,

offl.ce;

Standing, au|

sear (* s.th.); to cauterize, treat with a


( s.o.;

thority, influenae, rank, dignity

^l*

med.); to brand

(* s.o.);

jj^Jl m. ae-sadr
priority

first

place, precedence,

to bite, burn (acid); to sting (scorpion); to presB, iron {* laundry, and the like)
Till to be

burned, be seared; to be

J&* makni
i-jlSL*

local

cauterized; to be pressed, be ironed; to

makniya

spatiality (philos.)

burn

o.a.,

burn one's skin

^j&

takwin forming, shaping, for(pl.

$
al-k.

kayy burning; cauterization, cau|

mation, oreation, origination;

^jfc
|

tery; pressing, ironing

$1

hajar

taktnn 1 ) formation (of rock;


^/jScJl well-shaped, shapely;

geol.)

J^
./*"

lunar oaustio, silver nitrate;


(kahrab'l)

O $1

0"-^'

Jlj^l

diathermy

/r

at-t.

the Geneais

*S hayya
IjT
riae,

a burn, a brand

OjSo toibaurwun geneeis, birth, nascency,


origin,

haww' slanderer, oalumniator;

incipience,

development;

ironer, presser
1jJj5*

formation

kaunvya ironing woman, ironer

iBcJ

istikna

yielding,

Submission,

*jj5*

kawiya

(ayr.)

press,

orease

(in

resignation, pasaivity

troufters)

JC
ture,

Tin being;
oreation;

ezisting, existent;

;lj.

mibwk and ^jSU makwan


flatiron;

pl.

tuated, located; a being, entity, orea(pl.

jCk.

makwin

hot
|

iron

(for

-dl)
]

tbing;

s.th.

oauterizing), cautery (med.)

j*iJl i\jSU

ezisting,

an
the

existent

jLUM
Being,

Jtftl

m.

ai-Sa'r curling iron

(mufiaq)

Absolute

God;
,jj5U

*iUt&l the created things, the nniverae,

makwan

ironing establishment
ironer,

the world;
it

may

be;
it

of j* W^ (man) whoever o^ L LJlT be it what it may,


may
be
creator;

,jrj*

makwajl

presser;

laundryman
jlT kwin cauatic

wh&tever
jSL*

mukawwin

mukawjijT kutean see ijf


l

wtm made, created; conaisting, oomposed, mad np (j* of). formed (j. by)

S kt
lest

5-

'-* *> thiA


|

order that, in

j&~ mustakln

humiliated, oppressed,

order to

Vt5"

*nd

VJ^I in order not to,

resjgned, submissive

849

US
adroit,

I^S"

kai-m, l^S U-Jcai-m that, so that,

dexterous,

akillful;

nice,

fine,

in order that, in order to

elegant, stylish, chic, attractive, comely,

*S knyy
l

ftn d

\f

kayya see

jjT

pretty,
~<~>\S

handsome
kiyaa
adroitnesa,

dexterity,
astutenesa,

CT

jf

Indian dress material


fcaita

skill;

cleverneas, amartness,

'~5j 5~

uw-fcatto, &attt

uw-fcaiJ* so

BhrewdnesB, slyness, sagacity, eubtlety,


finesse ;

and
1

so,

such and such, thua and thus


jfefa
i

courtesy,

civility,

politenesa

gracefulness, grace; elegance, chic, styl-

(jS)

jIT

(kaid,

Ia+ makida) to
(

ishness

deceive, dupe, outwit

s.o.);

to

hrm
s.th.),

by

artful

machinations (J
(J
for
s.o.),

LrS\ akyaa*,

f.
i

^S

kia and

s.o.,

^J"
more

ka, pl.
skillful;

^-S

Ins smarter, slier;

lay snarea

plot

a.o.'s

<J)

more

stylish,

more

chic, nicer

downfall, conspire (J against


deceive,

s.o.) III

to

dupe, outwit
( s.o.)

b.o.);

to seek

to double-cross

JL* muLr** mukayyia and kayyisti (eg.) bath attendant, masseur


ij-t^-

jS

kaid

pl.

i\S kiyd

ruae, artifice,

mukayyas shrewd,

aubtle, astute,

stratagem; crafbiness, slyness, cunning,


subtlety; deception, deceit; artful plot;
trick,

smart, sly

JtS

II

to form,
fit,

shape, fashion,

mold

dodge

(*

s.th.); to
pl. Ojl^.

condition, modify, conform,


(*
s.th.,

3-L&.
artifice,

makida
trick;

makyid
action,
;

ruae,

adjust,

adapt

<_

o.a.);

to

smart

clever

regulato {* s.th.); to put in high spirits,


exhilarate,

approaoh,

shrewd

policy

stratagem

amuae, delight
slightly,

s.o.)

to
{

plot, conapiracy, machinations, schemes,

intoxicate
s.o.;

dope,

stupefy

intrigues

of a narcotic)

to be shaped, be

jIT look up alphabetioally

formed; to assume a form, take on a


hape; to adapt
o.a.,

adjust

o.a.,

conform;

jf

kir pl.

jLTl akydr, l_^T kirn bellows

to be in high spirits, be cheerful, gay; to

amuae

o.a.,

enjoy

o.s.,

ir^Jjf

(Engl.) kiru&in kerosene


(kais, i-LS" kiyaa) to

have a good

time, have fun; to revel; to be alightly

(u-if) u-^" ksa

be

intoxicated, be tipay, fuddled; to


(a tobacco, etc.)

amoke

smart,

clever,

intelligent ;

to

be nice,

fine, pretty,

comely, handsome, attrao-

<JaS

kaifa

(interrogative

and
1

ex|

tive, chio II to renne,

make

elegant
in-

clamatory
.iJJU...
<~>

particle)

r-kT

kais

smartness,

cleverneas,

lJ-T (hluka)

how 1 how ... how are youT V JiS


it

telligence; subtlety, finesse, gracefulness,

why

shouldn't

be so since

elegance

^-iT kis m. and


Turkish towel
*A*

f.,

pl.

^Lfl

ahys,

<~xT kiyasa sack; bag; pouch; purse;


|

how much more (or Ibsb) and how much more ... and how muoh lesa ...
^i-x just imagine
. . . ! I 1

SjU^II

^S

pillewcase,

Ui-5
JLi-1

kaifam

however, howsoever
|

pillow slip; l^^uJI


bile
;

^S

k. as-aafr' gall,

S" LjLT" whatever the oase niay be,


it

Jp at

hia
pl.

expense

be that as
akya,

may

in

any

case, at

any rate
mood,

^-jT kayyia
kaia,
ly,
f.

^ITI
pl.

-jjT

kayyiaa,

ir ^LS" kiya
aagaeious;

JmS
humor,

leaif

State,

condition;

State of mind,

frone of mind;

Bmart,

aatute,

shrewd,

pleasvre, delight, weU-being, good humor,

^s
high
(pl.

850

spirits ;

diacretion,

Option,

will
|

J-T

jfcaitt

and

J^

maBI

(volumetri-

JtjS

kuyf) narcotic, Opiate

J*

cally) measurable, volumetrio(al)

iXiS
as

at your diacretion, as
aa

you

please;

JUT kayyl com

measurer; one

who

you wish,

you like;

w*-SJl <>\ff\

bona

metes out, who determines the right


measure, master, lord

vivanta, epicures

JjT

kaift arbitrary, diacretionary, op-

JL&. mikyl
fcdy* measure;
JjjSlllj
ifj\j^\

pl.

J-jS^ mafcffyiP
pl.

and ma*
|

tional; qualitative
4-i-S*

JjSU miiyoi, SL&. miiyaJa

Jjt*

kaiflya manner, mode, fashion;

dry measure for grain

property,
dition;

quality;

natura,

State,

con-

the weights and meas-

particulars,
{e.g.,

partioular
|

ciroum-

ureB

stances
k,

of an event)

J**JI

V/*

al-'amal Operation (e.g., of a machine};


direotions for use

JS

kito

and

^JS

kilogrm

pl.

-t

Jl^^l *JS

kilogram

JjuSj iakyif forming, shaping, fashioning; formation; adaptation, adjustment,

JSL-^LT

(Fr.

kocycU)

kilfinkl

pl.

kilo-

oycle {radio)

conditioning,

modiflcation ;

regulation;
;

JJS

kilmitr pl. -t kilometer

desoriptive designation, qualifi cation

air

oonditioning,
<Jt-$J

JmJI i^i--&

t.

al-hatod

jjLT HWuw*
jjLT
l^T

kilowatt

takayyuf adaptation, adjustment,

j^JlT,

look
l

up

alphabetically

conformity

kai-m see

"**S*

mukayyifa,

*\j^\

~<*

m.

al-

S
L*-l

haw*

pl. -t

air-conditioning Installation,

^j+S

kaimfa gastrio juice


|

air oonditioner

L*-T Kmiyd* ohemistry; alchemy

oLLSL. mukayyift narootioa, opiatea

SJL^VI

(aby*lya)

biochemistry ; *\~*S

r&S

haika

pl.

i'UT kayH egg


(eg.)

4jJI k. at-turba agricultural

chemistry

";$Lf kika f

&S kik
i

^jtS kim\ ohemioal


hide-and-Beek

JL*J"
(J-f) JIT kla

kimiy'i, <^1^* klmwt


(pl. -fln)

chem-

makl, J-. moHZ) to measure (* s.th.); to weigh (*


(kaU,

J5U

ical ;

chemist

alchemiat

objLT Kmdwtydi
(jS")

chemicals
to

s.th.);
a.th.

oompare by meaauring (v * with), measure s.th. (*) by the


to
J

jlT

Wna
o.a.,

(fcain)

humble
pie,

o.s.,

Standard of (v) to measure out, mete out, allot, apportion (J * s.th. to s.o.)
|

abse

eat
do.

humble

submit,

resign o.s.

fbJl

*J *J

J6"
J5*

to

heap abuse
to
s.o. II

on

s.o.;
s.o.

L_T kin quinine

L-&I l-~^ kaSab

al-k.

olLJM

(lafamt)

give

cinchona, china bark, Feruvian bark


i>i-T

beating, spank, thraah

to measure

(* s.th.) III to raturn like for like,

repay

Hnin quinine Hhak the


fourth

in

kind

(*

to

s.o.)

^if-T kiyahk,

month of the

XS" ka
measure

pl.

JUTI akyl measure; dry

Coptie year

for grain; holding oapacity

b\jS
*L5* kaila pl. -t kilah,

kaitodn the planet Saturn

a dry measure
1)

(Eg'

16.72

1;

Pal.

36

*4jf

(Eng^J Wyfifcfd Cupid

! ; ; ;

851

la

(intensifying particle)

truly,

verily;

awwali xoahlatin at
**lj -jV
>*!

firat

Bight, at onoe;

oertainly, surely; frequently alter Ol inna,

a&hu

li-abihi

toa-ummihl

introducing the predioate:

,*)

jj
aa

ul

hia brother

on the paternal and maternal

UJI inna rabbi la-samfu d-du'' truly,

aide, hia brother-german, hia fll brother


2.

my

Lord hears the prayer;


of

also

(conj.

with the subjunctive) that, ao

oorrelative

lau

and

VjJ

lau-l:

that, in order that, in order to; (with

^l jKj
fa'a) if

l.u

J**J c*"
this it

(la-kna an

apoc.) expressing an order,

an

invitation:
let

you did

would be more

<^J
write

U-yaktub he shall write,


{with preceding
to
*')

him
/a

useful;
if

^J V

L"

V>J lau-l tba la-halaJca

j or

wo

or
...

he had not repented he would have


(partiole
life

contracted

wai-

...

fal-

with

periahed;

of oath)
I

il^**!

la-

eliaion of the

'amruka by your
'J

1. (prep.) for;

on behalf

of, in

favor of

of,

J*-V li-ajli (with foll. genit.) beoause on account of, for


(conj. with the Bubjunotive)

to (of the dative); because of; for the

Bake of; due to, owing to;

V U-an
(with V)

for, for

the
aa;

purpoae of; at the time

that, so that, in order that, in order to;

of,

when,

^ li-aM

by (deaignating the author or


paraphraaing
the

in order not to, lest

originator)

oocasionally subatituting for Jl; aa to


genit.

oV
tiJIJJ

W-onna

(oonj.)

on the groundfl

and

acc.

aee

that; because; for


li-dlika

grammar
4J*.
L.j
J

JL *J* J he owes me money; L hia right and hi duty; hia


bis debit, hi asaets
J

therefore,

hence, that

is

why,

for that reason

credit

and

and
....

hia

liabilitiea; l
is

he haa a right to he
is

he

$
II

li-lcai

and \S

li-kai-md

(conj.

entitled to

.. ,

may

..

it is
..
,

possible
..
.

with the subjunctive) that, so that, in


order that, in order to
li-m

for
l

him

to

..

he

able to

he can
..., it

^-J I have no right to

doea
dJJ

(shortened
for

li-ma)
I

whyT
jU
li-

not behoove

me me
!

to

...;

l-u

ill

or

dJJj

wherefore T

what reason T

you can have thatl


all

it's

up to you;
! !

it'a

md-d why (on earth) T


4J
li-hd therefore,
for that reason

right with
11

all right

O.K. agreed
like ...T

J or

dUl

would you
feel

hence, that

is

do

why,

you want...T do you

like ...T

*ll>i

LbT

I read

a book hy him,
Jl*J

read

l (particle) not;

no! with apoo. expressing


:

one of hia books;

(j-tfV (tadmu)

no State
he
i
;

any permanenoe with him, never the aame for a very long
is

of

Jij V l taqul don't say! with indef. acc. expressing a

negative

imperative

general negation; there

is

not, there

is

time

!_JJjLl

I^U
li-sab'i

(li-mu'wanatin)

no

....

e.g.,
is

<I

Vi

*JI

ilha ill llh

they set out in our Support;


jL-t

JU

^.J

there
(kaira)

^
for

j^L-

layiin

kalauna

there

no god but Allah; *j _^- V is no good in it, it's no


ii it,

min ia'bna when seven nighta of Shaban had passed; JjVI IjJt li-l-marraii
l-Qla

good;

^
it

(budda)
is

there

is

no

eeoape from
l

inevitable; *_,*

the

first

time;

U*j JjV U-

jarama

certainly,

surely ;

ili

V V

862

l Sakka

no doubt, doubtlesa;
bi-ld

|^V M

jlfi^ll

al-l-nihya the infinite

siyyamd
aee
I;
">

especially, partioularly; Vi a-ld

JlfiV l-nih'i infinite

without; Vj wa-l (with


...

preceding neg.) nor,


also
\J.J

either; not even,

j ^Ul aZ-&WIn the

(anoient) Latina

Vj J- od uw-Jd, e.g., JLw f Vj J*- (lam yu'fim, gtrian) he did

JJV Wnl

Latin
|

JJ*)Ul

^1

(Aayy)

the "Quartier latin" (in Paris)

not give
give

me
aa

even a piaster, he did not

me

muoh

as

piaster;

Vj

i-iw^l al-ltiniya the Latin language,

neither

nor
indifferent attitude,

Latin

LJMV K-uMftya
indifference

i V

Z&ftin, /ddtn

laudanum

ijj jV lzuuxvd, lzaward lapis lazuli; azure

jjjIV l-adHya skepticism; agnosti-

j^jjjV
oism
Li

Jzuuwrri

azure-blue, azure,

sky-blue, oerulean

MI

al-l-an the

nonego (phoa.)
5jijj j

V Idzuuanftya

azure,

blue

of

3JUIV l-andnlya
ishness

selflessness,

unself-

the eky
4--V (Fr.
laceJ)

J*&

lace,

cord
s.o.

V-r-V l-jinjlya statelessness, being

without nationality
Jjj>V
Jd-ttinf

^^l IV to Bend
ii^U

aa a messenger (Jl

to)

antireligious, irreligious,

maVak and iL

mo&zfc pl. dLl'^u

without religion

matt*jfc*,4j :A*mott'fa angel;

messenger,

envoy

LLj^

Z-<ftniya

irreligion, godlessness

JJ^iL*

moZ'tH

angelic(al);

heavenly

jLV

W-tmi anti-Semitio; anti-Semite *$J V look up alphabetically

4^>UV 2d-dm<ya anti-Semitism

jTV
5L-V Id-sH
wireleaa,

fcJHn, fcJHnna

however, yet, bat


Ja'fc'a)

radio

(adj.);
|

radio, broadoasting; radio

measage

JjUI

la'Ia'a

('.^

to

Bhine, flash,

5-SQ-V (ra) radio message


jj*-i^JI al-ld'hir

glitter, glisten, Bparkle,

gleam, shimmer,
(*Ji

the nnconscious, un-

glimmer t beam, radiate; to wag


glitter, glisten, sparkle,

oonscious mind, unoonBciousness

bi-$anab\hl the tau) II iaia'laa to shine,

gleam, Bhimmer,

jjj*iV

Id-iu'flH unoonscious,

unaware
nil

glimmer, beam, radiate


*i*j

jiV U-Am* nothing, nonentity,

la'Ia'a

shine,

glow, brightneefl,

JL^V

l-fai'Jyo

nonexiatenoe,

noth-

brillianoy, radiance, flash, glitter, twinkle

ingneea; nollity, nihity

V^

Za'bT

glitter,

flash; light, glow,

;VL-V U-mu&SidA and

UL-V

l-mvb*

gleam;

perfeot

joy,

unruffled

gaiety;

Hya

dealer in pearls
indifferent attitude, indifferenoe
^JJJ
lu'lu'
(coli.;

n. un.

".)

pl.

<rfj^

Id-markazlya deoentralization
la'li'*

U^

pearls

jJjUI
|

^j

zahr

aX-l.

daisy;

5JjJ_.V J<J-m'fiWya irresponsibility


(.LWjV

JJjUl Jjf- *rg


ijjij)

al-l.

mother-of-pearl, nacre
pearl-colored,

Id-ntfdm lack of iystem, oon-

lu'lu'i
|

pearly;

fusion

whitish

tfjiji j-*Z

peaxl barley

853

ji *#

taWlu'

ehining,

radianoe,

bril-

liancy
'J^Ai*

li'm peace ; conoord, agreement, Unf} ion, unity, unanimity; conformity, eon-

nvutaWli'

shimmering,

glisten-

sistenoy,
**

harmony
pair of cuirasses
li'm,
.UjJ

ing, glittering, flashing, sparkling

Wma cuirass,
Wim
pl.

Warna a fl
solder,

(la'm) to

dress,

bandage

(*

^
base,
aordid,

pJ

lw

a wound); to repair, mend


weld;
i-Sl-

(* H.th.); to

'amd'*, L.JJ lu'mdn ignoble, lowly, low,

^jj

la'uma (Ju*m,

mean,

evil, vile,

wicked, depraved;
niggardly, miserly

Warna,
base,

mal'ama) to be ignoble,

filthy, dirty;

lowly (of charaoter and birth); to be

mean,
(

vile,

evil,

wicked
fit

**^U muid'ama adequaoy, appropriateness,

III

to

agree

propemess, suitabity,
(re)conoiliation
;

with
s.o.);

fitness;

s.o.);

to suit,

(gar-

peacemaking,

ment;

to be adequate, approfit,

conoord,

union, agreement,

priate (* to s.th.), be suitable,


er,

harmony
suited, appro-

prop-

oonvenient, favorable, propitious (*

f^U mul'im adapted,


priate (J to), suitable,

for s.th.); to

be adapted (*

to),

be in

fit,

proper, oon(

harmony

{* with),

match

(* s.th.); to
s.o.),

venient,
agreeing,

fa vorab le,

propitious
in

for)

agree (climate, food;

with

be

harmonizing,

conformity,

wholesome

(climate, air, food;

for s.o.);

consistent (J with)

to bring about

a reconciliation, make

peace (j between), reconoile (j


s.o.

V lm name of the
I

letter

jv

with); to

make

consistent or oon-

t/V
letter

lmi l&m-shaped, resembling the

gruous, reconoile, harmonize, bring into

J
llama
(zool.)

harmony (j^

diflerent things)

IV to aet

LV lm
Jj V

ignobly, behave shabbily VI to be mended,

be repaired, be oorrected; to go well


with)
;

(Engl.) lani pl. -t launch, motorboat,

to aet

meanly Till to be mended,

small steamer

be repaired, be corrected; to be joined, be connected, be patched up, be soldered,

jUV

lhy The Hague (oity in

SW Nether-

be

welded

to

match,

lands)
fit

together,
agree,

harmonize,
together,
consistent;

be in harmony, be
to

go

Oj*1f lht godhead, deity; divine nature,


divinity
|

congruous,

conformable,

c^* ^l

'Um

al-l.

theology

be tuned or geared to

each other
cohere,

(6g.); to unite,

oombine; to
heal,
olose

Jj*y lhm
Jj*
*JI

theologioal; theologian

stiok

together;

to

ai-ldhiiya theology

(wound); to gather, assemble, convene


(persons); to
Council, etc.)

meet (committee, congress,

jjM V Idhr* Lahore (city in


Ij^f

W Pakistan)
tediousnesa,

Wwff*

severe distress, hardship


tardiness;
.u,

dressing, bandaging (of a V f wound); joining, junction, oonnection;

Wm

ts'i

Wy

alowness,
|

repair
ljJ

tiresomeness
fioultiee, in

after great difall

the end, finally, after

lu'm

ignoble
vileneaa,

mind,

baseneas,
nigin-

meanness,
gardliness,

wickedness;
Bordidness;

$*$

(from Fr. laiquc) ISiki layman; seoular,


lay

miserliness;

laic,

iquity

4-S0V Wtkiya laioism

J
wJ labba u
(labb)

854

to remain, abide, stay

d-J

labt,

lubt,

labai hesitation, tarry-

(u

in

a place);

(lat pers. perf. loperf.

ing, delay; stay, sojourn


iij

bibtu)

a (wJ Io6ab) and (Ist pers.

Ivbla

Bhort

delay,

brief respite;

labvbtu)

(*jU

Jo&i&a) to be sensible,

pause; temporary stay or stop, stopover


*J
labjc, labaJp {coli.;

reasonable, intelligent II to kernel, ripen


into
nuts)
(J for)

kernels,

produce
gird

kernels

(grain,
o.b.

n.

un.

a variety of

to

o.s.,

prepare

acaoia (Mimosa lebbeo L.), also lebbek


tree (Albizzia lebbek Bth.
;

bot.)

yj lubb

pl.

<^>jJ

lubb kernels, coro

limJ labka pl. labafpt cataplasm, poul*


tice; soft

(of fruits); the innermoat,

marrow, pith;

mass, mush; emollient plaster,

core, gist, essence; prime, best part;


(pl,

emollient

^Ul

aibb) heart; mind, intellect,

~J
aj labada
oling

labik fleshy, corpulent

reason, understanding

(*jJ

Ivbd) to stick, adhere,

<J

labba

pl.

~t

upper part of the

ehest; throat of an animal, spot where


its

(v to

B.th.),

get stuck

(._>

on); to

abide, remain, stay

(y

in a place) II to

throat
<J libba

is eilt

in slaughtering

cause to adhere and


feit,

mat

together, to

(eg.)

golden necklace

mat

(* wool); to line

with

feit (*

wJ
where
breast

labab pl.

^Ul
is slit

s.th.);

to beat the

down, weigh down

(*

albb upper part


s.th., e.g., s.th.)

hau

grass); to fll {*

of the ehest; throat of an animal, spot


its

IT to cng

firmly,

adhere, Btick

throat

in slaughtering;
{uj

to s.th.)

do.; to stiok together; to

collar

(of

horse's

harneas);

become

felted,

matted, entangled, inter-

martingale

woven; to be oompressed; to beoome


olouded ; to become overeaat
(|*^JJ
L

uU
sence,
,^-i*1.

lubb marrow, pith, core, quintesgist,

with

prime, best part

O vM

clouds ; sky) ; to become gloomy (face)

JpaSab cellulose
1

aJ libd

pl.

j^J lubd, a U1 albd

feit
(

_jJ labib pl. Ul alibba

understand-

f\jA\ fr,

*jJ thiok masaes of clouds

ing, reasonable, sensible, intelligent

oj labad wool
j

^tJZ

iaitnb pl. c^uj^J


i^-l

talbib*

oollar

xJ labid ooherent; compact

^^b
oollar

to collar

s.o., seize s.o.

by the

Ivbad the
man
jJ
libda

seventh vulture of Luqlife;

(whose death ended Luqman's

jj

labua

pl. -t lionesa

metaphor of longevity)
pl.

ij

aj

libad

mane

(of

labta carp (zool.)

lion); {eg.) skullcap

of

feit,

worn under

dJ

labiia

(labt,

lubf, labai,

OU

lubt) to

or without a tarboosh; feit hat (of the dervishes)

heaitate, tarry, linger; to abide, remain,

stay

(y

in

a place); (with im perf.) to


aotivity,
jl)

aJ

lubda

pl.

oJ Ivbad

matted and

persist in
(J-)

an

keep doing
L.

s.th.
|

pressed wool or hair, feit


i\J labbd feltmaker; feit

\ (ki-L

iJ
;

it

did not take

long before
lost

he..., presently he..., he


...

no time in

*LJu d-J he did

it

for

*iU lubbda
saddle Wanket;
feit

pl.

-t
(pl.

horse

b^.

iet,

a while

to heaitate, tarry, linger; to

XjU

labbiP)

abide, remain, stay

cap

856

u-J

0-L rmdabbad: r^-^JL xi* (&i-Z-uyflm)


overoast, heavily clouded (sky)
J-Lu mutahbbid:

^U

libds pl. -dt,

<-Jl

albisa clothes,

clothing ;
overoast,

oostume

apparel ;

garment,
|

p^L

J^*

robe, dreas;

(eg., syr.)

(men's) drawers

heavily clouded (sky)

^\J\ ^LJ
iSjJd\ (j-LJ

I.

ar-ra' headdresa, headgear;

l.

ai-taqwd decenoy, modesty;

/awa o

(Zufca)

to put on, wear (* a dress,


in),

garment); to dress {*

clothe

o.a.,
*

^fj uniform; ^Jl

^U

(rasmi)

and j_^~* ^-U

('askari)

j-U

i.

as-sakra evening

garb
s.o.

o.s.

{* in or with) II to dress (*

gown, evening

clothes, formal dress;

^U
SJl

in),

olothe,

garb, attire

(*

s.o.

JUj

(wafani)

national
olothes

costume;

with); to oover, envelop, overlay, ooat


(t-i

j*V ready-made
l

* B.th. with a layer); to drape, line,


(<-*

face, case

* a.th. with); to inlay (e.g.,


( s.o., e.g.,

rxJ

labU worn; worn olothes, second-

hand

olothes; Nile oarp (Cyprinus niloti-

wood with make

ivory); to auffuse

ous; zool.)

pallor), seize (* s.o., e.g.,

a tremor); to
abstruae,
in-

obsoure,

unolear,

^jJ

labs olothing,
\

clothes; auppoa-

volved, oomplioated (J* m s.th. for s.o.); to deoeive, dupe (J* s.o.) III to be

itory {med.)
_

jfj ^jJ (rasmt) uniform


pl.

rjL maXbaa

^pJ^U malbif garment,

on

intimate
(

terms,

assooiate

olosely

dress, robe, apparel, suit; pl. also: clothing, clothes,.

hobnob
oontact

with

s.o.);
s.o.,

to

be in olose
s.th.);

oostume

**J>\

" o-^* P ro

(*,
(*

with
s.o.;

with

to

teotive olothes; ii^-H)l

or!^

dre*8 uni-

Surround

environment, milieu,
dress

conditions)

IV to

(*
s.o.

s.o.

in),

Jfdrijiya)

form; L^-jU-j LU-li crJ'^- (ddkiya toaunderwear and outer clothes;


or-"*^

olothe, garb, attire {*

with); to
oover,

V*J
^pj-^Ul

(rasmlya)

Uvery,

uniform;

drape,

envelop,

ooat,

overlay,

O IjJJ ^pJ^U *. al-maidn field uniform;


J* maha aZ-m. ready-made-olothes
taJbis

faoe, line, case (* s.th.)

V to

dress, get

dressed

(<-*

in),

clothe

o.b. (<-* in

or with);

stre

to be dressed, olad, attired; to be covered


{<-*

^Jl

clothing,

dressing,

garb-

with), be enveloped,

wrapped

{<-*

in);

ing; draping, Uning, faoing, oasing; over-

to get involved
<<-*

(^
to

in s.th.), be

drawn
(<-*

laying, coating; wall faoing, wall plaster,

into

s.th.);

meddle,
(<-*);

bother

paneling; inlay work; deoeption, deceit,

with),

go into

s.th.

to be obsoure,

fraud

incomprehensible,

dubious,
for
s.o.)

equivooal,

ambiguous

(J* obBcure, dubioua, equivocal, ambiguous


(J* for s.o.); to get mixed to mistake (* s.th., <-* for)

VIII

to

be

i-Jj talbisa suppository (med.)

Lj^U mulbasa
aasooiation, close
lationa,

intercourse, intimate
relations;

up (^

with);

^Lj^.

re-

oonneotions ; concomitants, ao;

lata, lubs

and <~J lubsa

companying phenomena surrounding contangle,


ditions,

muddle, oonfusion, intrioaoy, obsourity,


uncertainty,
abstruaenesa,

environment
ba clothing, dresaing, garbing

* De unoertain about V*' *> w^ <i s.o.; to have doubts about s.o.

ambiguity

^Ul
|

IJ

^Sl tolobbus:

u^\ LLi* qaddyd

t-t.

(jur.)

casesof "flagrante delicto", oriminal

j-J

libs pl.

^jJ

lubs olothes, cloth-

caaes in whioh the perpetrator


in the act

was oaught

ing, dress, apparel;

costume

<-J Ubsa manner or style of dressing,

^Ldl
cy,

iUibs confusion, tangle, intrioa-

costume

obBourity,

ambiguity, dubiousness,

urJ
doubt

806

^LVI vj

raf

al-iU. correction,

'vllJ

labaka

(labk)

and

II to

mix, mingle,

rectification, olarifioation;

^LVI

*j

JU-I

intermix (*

B.th.); to oonfuse,

mix up,
a,

(oAdJa) to be

wrapped

in

obscurity,

be

muddle, jumble

{* s.th.);

labika

completely ambiguous

and Till to get oonfused, be thrown into


disorder,
(clothes) ; (eg.)

^jA* maJb worn, used


eoatasy;
olothes
pl.

be disarranged, beoome

dis-

organized
poesessed, in a State of frenzy or raligious

oLji*

axtiolea of clothing,

^J labk and iS labha mixture; confusion,

muddle, jumble

^^L

mviabbas involved,

intricate,

ob-

iUsee^
t-iJ lablaba to fondle, oaress (._ her child;

scure, dubious; inlaid, coated, inorusted;

sugar-ooated, oandied;

(pl.

-t)

bonbon,

candy; dragee
^r^k
mutalabbis:

mother)

jlb

L-xLu

(be

t-iJ lablab, Ivblub affectionate, tender

was oaught, and the Uke) redhanded, in


the aot, flagrante dehcto
tj-jcL multabis involved, intricate,

.-^ lablb English ivy (Hedera helix;


bot.); (eg.) lablab,

hyacynth bean (Doli-

am-

ohoa lablab;

bot.)

biguoiu, equi vocal ; dubious, doubtful, uncertain, unclear

^jU lablb (eg.) pl. ^JU labRb* young


shoot, sprout, vine

iJ

labafa

u
s.o.

{labt):

^>j^l < iJ (araa) to


feil s.o.;

throw

to the ground,

jj

n to

make

briok

TQI

to suok milk

<>J libn, labin

(coli.)

unhurnt

brick(s),

to kick; to gallop about (anomal)

adobes

jj labvqa u (HU

labqa) to be clever, slick,

cJ
,>J
(syr.)

labina (n. un.) pl. -t briok, adobe

adroit, killed, Bkillful, versatile, Buave,

elegant, have refined manners;


(labaq) do.; to
fit,

labiqa a
(olothes;

laban

pl.

Ul altn,

libn milk;

suit,

become

leban, coagulated sour milk; pl.


|

a.o.) II

to

fit,

adapt, adjust (* s.tb.)

Ut day producta, milk products

,jJ

^'1
HrS

l.

al-katf buttermilk; ^JJI J-J.

jj

labaq cleverneas, Bmartness, slyneea,


skill,

al-l.

whey;

j*lfl

<jl>*
far*

mdn
al-a.

al-l.

subtlety;

adroitness,- slickneea, in-

laotosoope;

jUVI fj
lactic,

dairy

genuity; seemliness, propriety, deoenoy,

department

decorum
3#U labqa cleverness, smartness, alyness, subtlety; skill, adroitness, slickness,

^J

labani

milk

(adj.);

milky,

milklike, lacteous, lacteal

ingenuity ;

seemliness,

propriety,

de-

iJJ labaniya a diah prepared of milk

oency, decorum; elegance, refined man-

U
al-jtr

labani lactate

jJ-1

oU

l.

nen, suavity, gracefulness

oalcium laotate
labn breast

jj
slick,

labiq

clever,

smart, sly, suhtle;


skillful,

U U
^jU(eg.)

adroit,

skilled,

versatile;

Ivbn frankinoense,

olibanum

elegant, suave, of refined manners; fitting,

jU

(jtoi)

benzoin; JT'a
oriental

l.

$akar

proper, beooming, seemly

olibanum,

frankincense

j_J labiq clever, smart,


skillful, adroit; elegant,

sly, subtle;

(resin of Boswellia oarteri; bot.); i/li


(eg.)

U,

suave, refined

a pitchy resin used as a depilatory

867

e
(resin of

Pinus BrutiaTen.);
magneaia,

Jj-Ull
salts,

jU

/.

chatter

3Jl

j^*j

cJ

(u-'a;ana,

al-'a4r*

Epsom

bitter

nww'aZa) not to tire of raising a problem

salt

anew, discuss a question baok and


libn sucking, nuraing; (eg.) tow-

forth,

U
line

cJ

latt (eg.)

idle talk, prattle

oU
labbn brickmaker;
pl.
-t,

lattt (eg.)

prattler, chatterbox,

uU

milkman
lubn wish,

windbag
J lr
pl. -t liter

SJU Ivbna

jU

deeire, object, aim, goal,

end; business,

undertaking, enterprise

^j*^
or prduotion of
L-jl^il

(Engl.) litms litmus

ilU

libria

aelling

Zttuwnty Lithuania
see j-UI (alphabetioally)

milk producta, dairy


Jll attzli

cJ
pl.

labina,
libn,

jJ
,jJ

labn,
JuJm,

ZjJ labna
lubun,
|

JU

iJ

see

yJ
(Jafap)

Ja6**n' milch t giving

milk

jJ \j*-

ia^ipa a

to pronounce defectively

(hayawn)

mammal

(esp. the lingual r), lisp (> for


dr-Jl; [sin) to lisp the
IiiJ JuJtT11

^)

iij

JJ

Ivbn atorax tree

l lubnn* Lebanon

defeotive pronunoiation, lisp-

JbJ

ing

lubnni Lebanese;

(pl.

-fin)

a
^l

Lebanese

oW,
i

f.

>UiJ

lat'*,

pl.

j fctf

jd* malban a sweet made of cornBtarch, sugar, mastio


iX.

having a speech defeot, lisping

and

pistachioa

J kUama
hit,

(htm) to kiss
(*

(* s.th.); to strike,
s.th.)

malbana dairy

wound, injure

II to

veil
veil,

{*

the face) with the Hfm (q.v.); to


(* s.th.)

*jJ labwa pl. labawt lioness


,J II to follow,

cover

Y and

Till to veil one's


o.b.

face; to cover o.a.,

wrap

up, muffle

obey

(* a call,
to),

an

invitation),
O.fi.

respond, aocede (*

comply
|

(* with
*>j toi

a
<*il

request), oarry out (*

an order)

^J

lafma kiss
lifm veil (covering the lower part

(nid'a rabbihl) to be called

away by the

jLi)

Lord, paaa away


iiiJ labbaika here I
i-Jj

of the face to the eye) ; cover, wrapping

am

at your Service

fh mulaiiam and
<iJ lifa

-k- mutalaim veiled

taWiya following, obeying, observ|

pl. -t,

^ lifan

gums

ance, accedence, response, compliance

J i-Jj (talliyatan) in compliance with;


*Jj-j}

(jjii lijaun

gingival, alveolar, of or per-

l^Jj

(li-da'watihi)

upon

bis

in-

taining to the

gums
il>

j^dJI
i

>-j^J-l
.U

the

vitation

interdental sounds

and

(pAon.)

L jJ UbSriy Liberia

^lajja (Ist pers. perf.


perf. lajajtu)
i

lajijtu)

a and (Ist pers.

(i- Ja;o;, r-U- Ja;'d/, i*-U-

cJ

latta

(latt)

to pound, bray, crush (>


(> flour); to

lajja)

to be stubborn, obstinate, un-

s.th.);

to
(*

mix with water


dough); to
roll

yielding, relentless; to persist, persevere


(

knead
coat

(y

a s.th. in),

in) ; to insist

on)

to continue

(i_>

* s.th. with);

(ep.)

to prattle,

s.th.),

keep doing

s.th. (j);

to importune,

) ;

808

pester,

trouble,

bother,

inconvenienoe

y*1l ljx
;

one seeking refuge; refugee;

bear down (<_ on s.o.), hit (J* s.o.); to hard, wear out, weaken, exhaust (<-*
s.o., e.g., battle),

emigrant inmate of an asylum


j^iL muUaji*
refugee

one seeking refuge, a

torment, harass
to argue
s.o.)

(<_

s.o.,

e.g.,

bunger)
(*

III

or

dispute
i_i- lajab noise,

obstinately

with

Till to be noisy,

uproar, tumult; huge,

boifl-

uproarious, tumultuous; to roar, storm,

teroua

army
uproarious, tumultuous, noisy,

rage
i_i- lajib

lijj

lujj

and -

lujja pl. ^1-

Ju;a;,

^Uclamorous

depth of tbe sea;

gulf, abyss,

ohasm, -Ulajlaja

depth
J- lujjl

and

II talajlaja

to repeat worda

fathomlesa,

of tremendous

in speaking ; to Btammer, stutter


jjJA-

depth
U-

(sea)

lajlaja stutter;

atammering, stam-

lajja clamor, din, noise,

hubbub

mer
r-^U- lajlj stutterer,

-U- lajja

Btickling, disputatiouBness;

stammerer
repeated,

obstinacy, stubbomness; insistence, persistence

JkL
J- lajama u

mxajlaj

constantly

reiterated

-jj. lajj

and

r-V ljj obstinate, stub-

bom,
ficious

unyielding,

relentlesa,

inBistent,
of-

{lajm) to

sew

(*s.th.) II

and IV
to put

troublesome, importunate, obtrusive,

to bridle, rein in (* a horse); to restrain,


curb, hold down, silence
( s.o.);

U- laja'a a (# laf t *jl luj') and


(U- laja') to

yL laji'a a
(Jl on);

the bridle

on

s.o.)

VIII to be bridled,
(e.g.,

be curbed, be tamed, be harnessed


energies)

take refuge
(Jl to), fall

(Jl in), resort,

have recouTBe

back

to seek Information (Jl from), refer (Jl


to) II to coerce, force, to)

>U- lijm
bridle, rein

pl.

M-

tUjima, pi-

lujwn

oompel

(Jl

s.o.

IV do.; to

ehelter,

proteot,
*j*\

guard

,ui, maljm and


curbed, harnessed
^i- lajina
(

*jJL*

muljam bridled,

( s.o.);

to entrust,

oommit (Jl
affairs

amrdh
Till to
resort,

one'e
flee

cause,

one's

to)

(Jl to),

take refuge (Jl


(Jl to)
pl.

in),

(laj'an)

to cling, adhere, stiok

have recourse

v to)
J- toj'jw pl. -t,

lJ- malja*

jr^

malji'* (place of

U-

H;fln,

ji- lijan
|

refuge, retreat; shelter; sanctuary, asy-

board, Council, oommission, oommittee


j^^-ll
<t

lum; home; base; pillbox, bunker, dugout


|

oL

investigating committee; iJ-

JLiUVl IfJU day nuraery, nursery


obildren's
;

jl^l

(uWriya)

administrative

board,

sohool,

home;

fbjl/l

UJL

orphanage
L*JI
\jJu>

rj-iJl \**1*

home

for the

aged

oommittee of management; jU^-'i/' <-ir board of ezaminera, examination board;

m.al-'umyn Institution

for the

>

l
,

^;*jl ot.

disciplinary board; -Lij ol-

blind; >**JI

V^ m

oX-'ajaza infirmary;

(ton/Jrftya)

executive

committee;

*J-

jjfl

oljU jLi. Ul* {mwfdd, jau

<jJU* (futtiya) arbitration

committee,
{far'xya)

wiya) air-raid shelter

board of arbitration; X^j eiBubcommittee;

Udl

iltij'

resorting, reoourse (Jl to),


in,

(u-t-*) SjU ii- (#Srra,

seeking refuge (Jl

with)

murfadima)

etanding

committee,

per-

.U)
manent oommittee; -Jljil <^J?
murqaba board of direotora
I.

al-

t^iU-t

hdi of or pertaining to god-

lessness

j
JJ-

lujain aver
lujaii svary

wL mvlhid

heretioal,

unbelieving;

to be olose (relationship) IT to

(pl.

-fln,

S-u-^L

maWiida) apostate,

renegade; heretio

JaAAa (laM)

^J- lahasa a
lahisa

(lahs)

to eat

implore, beseeoh, request with urgenoy;


to insist (j on); to beaet, importune,
pester, harass

away

(* s.th., esp.
s.th.);

a moth the wool), devour (a

{Iaht,

<JU

lahsa,

(J*

s.o.);

to urge, press

luhaa, LrJ

malhas) to lick (*

s.th.);

(v or j J s.o. to do
^J- loAtA

to liok up, lap

B.th.)

up, liok out (* s.th.)


oloee,

and ^V IdAA

narrow
ij'jf'l'

malhs lioked;

(eg.)

imbeoilio

jisistent

lah3%

obstinate, stubborn, per-

jj- lahasa

(lahf, uliii- lahaqn) to regard,


s.o., B.th.),

view, eye (*,

look

(*, at);

^UJ* mtfktt

obstinate, stubborn, per-

to notioe, see, perceive, observe (*


l that) III to regard, view,
s.th.),

B.th.,

sistent; importunate, obtrusive

eye

(*, s.o.,
(* s.o.),

^Ul
earnest

ilhdh urging, presaing, urgenoy,

look

(*,

at); to see, behold

insistence; emphasis; urgent solicitation,

catoh sight

of); to notice, peroeive,

request

r-U-L;

or ^U-l

in-

observe

(jl that,

m s.th.); to remark, say,


(Ol that);

sistently, earnestly, urgently

make

the remark

to oonsider,

^L mvlihh
insistent,

bear in mind, observe, heed, take into


presaing, urgent; persistent;

oonsideration (* s.th.); to
(*
to)
;

pay attention
(*

emphatio; importunate, obtrus.th.)


|

to liJ

supervise,

auperintend

4-U

Jo-V to observe or

V*-V lhib open, passable {read)


gi lahaj* Lahej (sultanate

O eleotrode
oity in the

notice s.th. in s.o.; jl

^o-^ U mimm
. . . . .

yuihafu anna

it will

be notioed that

and

obviously

. . ,

evidently

Aden
oJ-

Proteotorate)

Ulahada a (lahd) to dig a grave; to bury,


inter
( s.o.);

lahz pl. J*U-l alhf look, glanoe

<}-

lahfa pl. lahoft (quick or oasual)

to deviate from the right

look, glanoe, glimpse;


*i*\J\

oourae, digress

from the Btraight path;


to lean, inoline, tend

*L\

the

present
;

moment, instant moment, the


|

to abandon one's faith, apostatize, be-

immediate present
ment,
instantly;

JiA-

oome a
(Jl to)

heretic;

J J

in

a moat

IV

<L^I *i*

that

I;

VIII to deviate, digress;

moment; olLJments

lahazdtin for a few

mo-

to abandon one's faith, apostatize, be-

oome a

heretio

or

unbeliever;

to

be

inolined, lean, inoline, tend (Jl to)

&1JL-^L>

lah^ata*%4in at that

moment

U-

lahd

pl.

ijl

luhd,

jUI alhdd

muldhaza

pl. -t

Boeing, notioing,

grave, tomb; (anoient meaning: charnel vault with a niohe for the oorpse in the
lateral wall)
->U-

perception ; Observation ; remark,

oom-

ment, oasual statement, note; obaervanoe,


heed,
notioe,

attention,

oonsideration;
surveil*

supervision,

Buperintendenoe,
|

lahhd gravedigger
lanoe, control
<L-^L>

ji oonsiderable,

>U-

hd apostasy; heterodoxy, heresy

notable

JkJ
U-N lA^a
look, glanoe
pl.

860

*-\J lautihiz* eye;

attaoh,

afflx,

join,

aubjoin,

append,

annex, add (^ *
s.th. in);

s.th. to), enclose

(^ *

iiyj- ma&fi? noted, noteworthy,

to connect

re-

(y

* B.th. with); to
s.th.

mar kable
^jmX*
maftfa
pl. -t

increase,
in aa

augment

(*

by); to take
to

a member, admit (^

s.o.

an

Or-

Observation;

ganization, and the like), enroll


in); to infliot (*

(^

s.o.

remark; note
i^-'^U

muihif direotor, Superintendent

cause (*

^ upon s.o. or s.th. s.th.), v 8a ' or B n ^- ^P* da maSe


-*
*

Sa

>

overseer, Supervisor,

foreman

pasa. uiiqa to

be admitted

(<-

to an Or-

ganization, a society, etc.), become a

memVI to

.U-^UmuUAaz:
evidently
ijj. lahafa
.

l ii-^ilj obvioualy...

ber

(^

of),

enter

(^ a

service)

follow in close aucceesion; to pursue or

(lahf) to oover,

wrap

( s.o.)

ohase eaoh other; to blend into a oontinuous sequence, paas insenaibly into

IT do.; to request or demand urgently

V and
o.s.
(_j

Till to wrap
with)

o.s.

(^

in),

cover

each other Till to reaoh (^


s.o.);

s.th.

or

to catch

up

(*-

with),

overtake

ijj. lihf foot of

a mountain
,JJ.

(^ a.th. or b.o.); come along (^


(also L-I

to join

(^

s.o.),

go or

with)

to enter
university),

(^ a
join

U.

lihf

pl.

luhuf

service,

school,

aihifa) cover, blanket ; bedoover, oounter-

pane, coverlet, quilt, comforter; wrap


.JuJL.

(y an army, an come a member


((_>

Organization, etc.), be(i_j

of); to matriculate

mAa/ and

*L. milhafa

pl.

at

nniversity),

enroll

(u

in

&

Jw-'^U maihif* cover, blanket;

wrap

JU.I

*tt<5/

importnnity (of a petitioner)

up (v a position, a job) to be attached (^ to), be oonnected, be afflliated (v with); to be attached,


faoulty); to take
;

iJuiL mvUahif
(

wrapped (v m )> oovered

devoted, loyal

**j&-Ij

>Jl
aihOq

to go into
(* a.th.)

v with)
lahiqa

government service
ji.

to

annex

lahaq

pl.

Jli-1

cultivable

jA.

(lahq,

jU- ZoAd?) to oatoh

up

alluvial soil left

behind by a flood

(^ or
(*,

with
(*,

b.o.),
<->

overtake (^ or
to oatoh,

s.o.);

to reaoh

s.th.);

make
s.th.);

JJ- lahaqi
igtol.),

i-ii- atj-

(mawdd) detritus

e.g.,

a train); to touch (^
to s.o.); to join
s.o.);

alluvium, alluvial residues


lihq

to ding, adhere, attaeh

o.s., stick,

hang
s.o.),

3 U-

aocesaion

to) ,

entry
(<->

on t keep
Buoceed

close

{<->

(v

entranoe (^ to, into), joining

of),

oome along (^ with


(*_>

to

follow,

enrollment (^

in);

membership (v

in)

s.o.);

to unite

(^ with); to

SJU^U midhaqa
legal proaecution
Jli-1

pl. ~t

pursuit, cbase;

betake

o.s.,

madrasatin

go (^ to); to enter (*-jJx 6ia Bohool; **4Jc b-$wJmatn


to

a service; u.c jJ- to take up a position with


b.o.,

ilhdq

joining,

junction,

subaf-

junction,

attachment,

appending,

enter the Services of


befall, affeot,
afflict

s.o.);
(#

fixation, affixture, addition, annexation;


s.o.;

overoome,

disease, fear, loss,

and the

like),

come,

admission
like),

(-*

to an Organization, and the

desoend

upon
(

s.o.;

oalamity, etc.); to
s.o.),

enrollment (^ in an association,
like)
;

be inoumbent
(. for)

npon

be imperative

and the
JLj^JI

political

annexation

l to

follow

s.o.); to go after

iliihq

entering
offioe, into

(v

of),

entry,
etc.);

b.o. (), trau,

pursue, chase

s.o.)

IV to

entranoe (^ to

a school,

; ;

861

J
engage in a mutual maasacre; to ding
together, cleave together, stick together,

joining
cession

(i_* (i_*

of), afflliation

(i_*

with); ac-

to)

<5L*Ui-l ittthq

annezation; avowal of

hang together, cohere; to hold firmly


together; to be joined, united VIII to

paternity

(;ur.)

adhere, cleave, stick

(i_*

to);

to be in to ding

J-V lhiq reaching; overtaking; subsequent, following; added, affixed, ap-

immediate contaot
(cj to), fit closely

(i_*

with);

(<_

s.th.); to grapple,

pended, subjoined, attached, joined, con-

liU sbigan lhiqan subsepreviously on, at


nected
|

fight,

struggle (in a clinch or in dose

li-V

combat); to ding together, cleave together, oohere; to stick together; to be


interjoined, intermesh, be closely united

later

firat

quently

UV
ries,

lhiqa pl.

J*-1_>J

latvhiq*

append-

to

close,

heal

up, scar over,

cicatrise

age, appurtenanoe, adjunot; pl. accesso-

(wound)
j^J-

appurtenances, adjuncta, dependen-

lahm

pl.
|

fjl

luhm, fULi- (daman)

lihm

cies

eflh;

meat

<*j

<*Jj (Sahmihi) in hie

J*A* mihaq added, affixed, appended,


attached,
cloeed
(i_*

real

human form; loj

dyed

Bubjoined

(i_*

to

s.th.),

en-

in the wool, inveterate

in B.th.); adjoining, adjacent,

<J- lahma (n. an.) a pieoe of flesh or meat <J- lahma, luhma
pl. -J.

contiguouB;

written

or printed in
appertaining,
pertinent,

the ap-

luham woof,

margin,

marginal;
incident,

weft (of a fabric)

decisive factor, motif

purtenant,

accom-

luhma

relationship, kinship

panying; incorporated, annexed; Supple-

ment;

{pl. -dt, *--*

malhiq*) appen-

4-J- lahmiya conjunctiva


J-

dix; addition,

addendum, poeUcript; Supa


letter);

lahim

flesh y, corpulent;

carnivoroua

plement, extra Bheet (of a newspaper,


periodical, book); encloaure (in

aU- lihm pl. -t soldering; welding;

appendage; pendant, locket; tag, label;


trailer

soldered Beam, soldered Joint; solder


aU- lahhm butcher; solder er; weider
*J-

(of

a truck,

eto.);

annex, sub-

sidiary building, wing or addition to a

building;
pl.

lahim fleshy

(pl.

-n) attache; aesitant;

oLi**i. also:

annexed provinces, a dedependencies


|

i.U-

lahma

fleshiness, corpulenoe
pl.

pendent
tSj*- t

territories,

j^U JmL

<**J-

maihama

^-*iU

malhim*

(bahri)

naval attache; jjl* 3*^-*


;

bloody
battle

fight, Blaughter,

maasacre, flerce

{tijri)

oommercial attache
attache ; ^jSL-*.
t

j^-

(jaivtui) air

^L

('askari)
(_

or

tjj*-

JmI (harbi) military attaohe;


(fuhufi)

*^i*

j*^> &i'r

malhami heroio poem


close

j**

3>+L*

press attache; j*l*

aUJI iltihm
conjunction,

union; cohesion;
oonneotion,
ooher-

tfji** (faJfri) titular

attache

union,

J*-^j mutalhiq succeasive, consecutive,


*S"ji-\

ence; adhesion {phyt.); grapple, Btruggle,


fight, close

unintemipted, continuous

combat

J*-*&*
<***d*

m. al-karaka in continuous motion


sol-

multahama oonjunotiva
(lohn, ji- luhn, Z\X- lah&na)

A-

lahama u (lahm) to mend, patch, weld,


der (up) (*8.th.);

jL lahana a

ZaAinuj a to get stuck


TI to join in
battle,

to speak ungrammatical rabio (inter-

II to solder (* s.th.)

spersed with barbarisms);

lahiita

-J
to be intelligent II to chant, psalmodize;
to intone,
Btrike

862

s.th.); pasa.

j^iJj yvlajckapu
(jl

it

can be

up a melody; to
(* B.th.)

et

aummed up

to the effeot that)

to music,
ji.
air,

compoae
pl.

to be summarized, be epitomized, be

Condensed, be
lohn
U-l
cdhn, ji- Itthn
briefly (J to),

summed up j
(

in),

amount

tune, melody; grammatical mistake,

be in
(

its

essence (j s.th.),

solecism, barbarism
ji. lahin intelligent, understanding, senBible

narrow down
,jM~iJj

j to)
abridgement; conden-

taXfcf

sation;

summary, resume; epitome, ab-

stract, Synopsis, outline; brief, short re-

j,Jj talhin pl. -^tf tdlhin* musical

port

composition, muioal arrangement


J-Jj toiAin* singable

+^L

muiakbav abridged, excerpted,


(pl. -t)

summarized, Condensed;
excerpt, essence, gist

extract,

j^X mathn inoorrect, ungrammatical


(language)
;

(magr.) poetry in oolloquial

Jj; la&aka to Bhake, sbake off


II talajctafca to shake, totter

s.tb.)

language j*I* mulahhin composer


{ji.

UL
and J- lah
*J-'

mulahiafp shaky, unsteady, tot-

and jL)
VI to
call

U- ioAd

(Iouj)

tering

a {lahy) to

insult, abuBe, revile ( b.o.)

lakama, lukama

luggiflh;

gauche, awk-

each other namea, heap abuses

ward, clumsy
jA.*

on each other VIII to grow a beard


jj.

lahw and

J-

lahy insult, abuse,

lafcan putrid stenoh

invective, vilification, defamation

jAM
pl.

aljcan*,

f.

IX lakn* 1 ,

pl. jA-*

^
oM,
J-

lahy,

dual:

JLJ-

lakyn,

stinking; uncircumcized (as an abusive


1

^
|

luhiy jawbone
J-

term)
U-J lida see
jJJ
l

ItAya pl.

ZuAan, ZtAan beard,

Jj
Lydda
(city

whiskers

(on

oheeks

and

chin),

fll

al-lidd

and international

beard
one's
salsify

*uJ-

jlU

aflaqa lihyatah to let


I.

airport in
>jj

Israel)

beard grow; ,^^1 *J-

at-tais

(Tragopogon porrifolium;

bot.)

ladda

(ladd) to dispute violently,

bare

<J.

luhayya* Luhaiya (town in

NW

fierce quarrel (
(<-*

with

s.o.) II

to defame,

Yemen, on Red Sea)


U. Uh' bast

Blander

s.o.)

to bewilder, perplex,

nonplus
left,

to turn helplessly right

and

be bewildered, perplexed, oonfused;

^1

alh long-bearded

to be headstrong, recalcitrant

e.g-, Ijj--

wd* multahin bearded, having a beard, vJj wcL (bi-lihya saud') a

jj ladad vehement
dispute
jjol

quarrel,

violent

black-bearded

man

ladd,

oll

aiad&,

f.

M
j-i*

ladd'',

^'

II to

abridge (* s.th.); to summarize,

pl. - ludd, jliJ

lidd,.\^\ alidd' 1 fierce,


j

Bum

up, epitomize, condense, comprees

grim,

dogged, tough

4)1

{'adw)

(* s.th.); to

excerpt (*

s.th.),

make an

mortalenemy.archenemy.foe;

jj- j-u-do.

excerpt or extract (* of); to give the


esaence of s.th.; to sketch, outline (*

jaL. mutaladdid obstinate, recalcitrant,


headstrong, rebellious

s
ij ladaga
s.o.);

{ladg) to sting, bite (anake,


( a.o.)

gratified

(.->

by); to find (* s.th.) deli-

to taunt, hurt, offend

cious or pleasant,

take delight (*

in),

liJj j-J

ladga sting; bite


bu2f pl. U-J ludaQ'*,

enjoy, savor, relish (* s.th.)

to find

delicious or pleasant (* s.th.); to find

J.^ ladg

delightful (* s.th.); to take pleasure (*


in)

Btung; bitten
!

jij

laduna u

(Jl-

ladna, JjiJ ZudtZna) to

JJ

lada

pl.

-t

joy,

rapture, bliss;

be

Boft, Bupple, pliant, flexible, resilient,

pleasure, enjoy ment, deleotation, delight;

elastic II to soften {* s.th.); to mollify,

sensual delight, lust, voluptuousness


LJ

attenuate, temper, eaae, mitigate, alleviate (* a.th.)


u-J ladn pl. jij ludn, jl-J lidn soft,

ladxd pl.

iJ

lu44, Jl-U lida" delicious,

delightful; pleasant; beautiful, ful, splendid, magnificent ; sweet


Jil-U

wonder-

gentle; pliant,

pliable,

flexible,

supple,

ladda
;

pl. jjli! lad'id*

sweetness;

resilient, elastic; plastie

charm

bliss;

rapture;

enjoyment, de-

jV
ijiij

ldan, ldin

laudanum

lectation; pleasure, delight

ladna and JjJ Ivdna softness,

liL malada
pleasure,

pl. -t,

iSU malddd* joy,

pliability, flexibility, suppleness, plastici-

amenity, oomfort; delightful-

ty, resilience, elasticity

ness; enjoyment, deleotation; voluptuous-

^l-J Jad'in 8 plastica


*^J

ness

jlk* mulala44*4 epioure

ladun (prep.)

at,

by, near, close to;

in the presence of, in front of, before,

lada'a a {lad') to burn (* s.th.)

to brand,

with; in possession of ; ojJ j* from, on the


part of; since;

cauterize

(. s.o.);

to hurt (with worda),

(conj.) since,

from the

insult, offend ( b.o.)

to

hum
;

moment when;
J-J
U-Jl

jl jjj do.
(i.e.

JJ Ja)

la4'

buming,
|

oombustion
j-il

oon-

laduni

4>l

joJ

mystio

fiagration, fire
f-liJ

J^LJI

rifle fire

^1

('Um),

ijM

*jU\

knowledge

la44' burning; very hot, scoroh-

imparted directly by God thxough mystio


intuition (in Sufism)

ing; pungent, acrid, sharp; biting (words)

^SjJ lauda'
tf-J

and

i^J

lauda't sagacious,

lad (prep.) at, by (place and time); in the presence


U-U-l
tfj}

ingenious, witty, quick-witted, quiek at

of, in front of, before,

with

repartee
i-ftijJ

in case of need, if necessary;

lau4a*lya

sagacity,

ingenuity,
alert-

jJ ladaihi he has; JJjjJ

the condition
^,-J

esprit, wit, quick- wittedness,

mental

you are
. . .

in,

your State of mind; LjJ

ness

L j
. .

(gairu)

we know no more than


JV (
laddtf,

what
JJ

l4i'

burning;

pungent,

aorid,

biting; sharp

ladda {Ist pers. perf. laiidiu) a


0I4J
ladda)

iV
"<5i-^\

to

be

sweet,

delicious,

ldi'a pl. f jljj lawdi** gibe, taunt

delightful,
II

pleasant, gratify

the senses

al-l4iqiya Latakia, the ancient Lao-

and IV

to please, gratify, delight (


(

dicea (seaport in
1

W Syria)
(^ to)

s.o.);

to give pleasure

to

s.o.)
(i~> (i~>

V and
at),
in),

VIII to be pleased, delighted


light,

jU
JJI

de-

la4%ya a (ladan) to adhere, cleave

revel,

take pleasure

be

look up alpbabetioally

jl.

864

lazza (Ist pera. perf. lazaztu)


iazaz,
jljJ

(lazz, jj)

3J
uous
|

lizq
<5jJ

adjoining,

adjaoent, contigolose to his

kuz) to tie

(<-

* s.th. to),
(<-

lizqah or jli

conneot or join firmly, unite


with), malce (* s.th.) stiele
(

* B.th.

aide, olose

by
gluey

to) II to

3J

laziq sticky,

conneot or join firmly, press together


(* s.th.); to

cram

together; to urge, press,


to)

j) iazqa compress, stupe; plaster


JljJ

coerce (Jl together;

s.o.

VI to be crammed
together

lizq adheaive, agglutinant, glue,

to lie

close

V and
(.->

oement, paste

VIII to be united, joined, connected


with)
;

3jJ
stupe;
plaster
>jj

lazQq

and Jjj^ lzq oompress,


adheaive plaster,
oourt

to adhere, cleave, stick

(<_j

to)

plaster,

Jazz

and

'jJ

lazza

bolt, staple,

cramp
j^L mulazzaz orammed together united; firm, solid, compact
;

laiina a

UjJ
to),

luzm) to cling, adhere,


attend,

close-

belong

(*

aoeompany

(*

ly

B.th.); to peraist,

persevere (*

in), Btick,

keep ( * to) , keep doing

(* s.th. ) ; to adhere,

ojl lazaba u (^jj luzb) to be


cling

firm,

be

be attaohed, keep
to be inseparable
B.th.);

olose, stick ( to b.o.);


(*,
*

firmly flxed,. hold fast ; to adhere, cleave,

(v

to); to stick (o> to);

from

b.o.,

from
to

laziba

to stay permanently

(*

in);

(lazab) to cohere, cleave together, stick

be necessary; to be requisite, imperative,


indispensable
(

together
<->} lazib pl.

for s.o.)

to be ineumbent

l^)

liztib little

upon

s.o.),

be

s.o.'s (.)

duty
(in

jb

^
*jl

(*i\ji)

to

stay

at

home

bed);

<J

lazba

pl.

<->j)

lizab

miafortune,

--, -"

(jramto)

to keep
attend,

silent,

maintain
(*

calamity
_>j*V lazib

silenoe

III

to

aoeompany

Btioking, adhering, clinging;


|

s.th.); to

adhere, stick, keep (* to); to


(* s.th.);

firm, firmly fixed


I.)

to

.-j^

^>j*V _^ jL* (darbata become necesaary, indispensable; Aij^ ^j* ((furiba) to meet with

pursue or practica incessantly


to be conatantly with
b.o.

or in s.o.'s
a.o.

oompany
();

(),

be conatantly around
(

grave misfortune, be stricken by disaster

to be aasigned
(

to),

aoeompany,
(,

attend

s.o.);

to be inseparable
b.o.);

from

s.th.,

from

to keep doing {*

x$

Uuija a

{lazaj,

gjj

Iwtj) to

be sticky,

s.th.), peraist,

persevere (* in); to
display

work
(*

ropy, gluey, viseid; to stick, cling, get

with

perseverance,

sustained

stuck

(<~>

to)

activity (* for) IV to force,


sticky, gluey, ropy, viseid;
B.o. to);

compel
<-

wj

lazij

to force, press (*

also

upon

adheaive
stickiness, glueyness, ropi*+-jJ luxja nesa, viseidity

s.o.

B.th.);
*,

to enjoin, impoee as a duty

(a
{t,

also o>
also

on

s.o.

s.th.),

obligate
|

* b.o.

to or to do s.th.)

**J\

**J-1 (hujja) to force proof

on

s.o.,

foroe

jjj

laziqa

a (JjJ luzq) to adhere,

cling,

b.o.

to aeeept an argumenb;
b.o.

,jJljJt

**
to
<*jjt

oleave, stick
s.th.);

(^

to) II to affli, poat (*

to confine

to bed, compel

s.o.

to Btick on, paste on (* s.th.); to


(eg.)

stay in
(or

bed

(of.

a disease);

JUI

pate together (* s.th.);


off, foist (J * s.th.

to

palm

JLLb) to impoee the


a.o.

payment of a
VIII to

on

s.o.)

IV to paste on,

sum on

VI to be attaohed or devoted

stick on, afflx (* s.th.) VIII

to eaoh other, be inseparable

; ;

868
fJ> adhere, stick, keep, hang on (a to); to
ing,

pursuit,

pursuance;

perseverance,

keep doing {*
(* in),
a.th.),

s.th.),

persist, persevere

assiduity, zeal
*\j>\

keep up, mainbain


abide
(* by); to

preaerve (*
o.a.

ilzm ooercion, compulsion

take upon
(*

(m s.th.); to

make a

rule

of

s.th.),

jljfl ilzmi forced,

compulsory, oblig-

make

{* s.th.) one's duty,

impose upon
(<~>

atory, required
1*1^1

o.a. {* s.th.);

to assume as a duty

or

itiizm

pl.

-t

necessity;

duty,
en-

* s.th.); to undertake, obligate o.a., bind


o.a.,

Obligation,

commitment,

liability ;

pledge

(u

or to

do

s.th.); to

be

gagement
chise;
tract,

(philoa.); contract;

farming of

in

duty bound, be obligated or under

taxes, farmage; ooncession, license, fran-

Obligation, be or

beoome Uable (^ or

monopoly;

Llj3l iltizman
|

by oonto

to

do

s.th.);

to be foroed, be compelled

by the Job

<SL\$\j

IS

meet

(o
{<-

or to

do

s.th.); to

be responsible

one's obligations
l*jV

or * for); to take over the

monopoly
(* e.g.,

(* of s.th.), monopolize,

farm

the

Idzim

inherent,

intrinsic,

in-

levying of taxes)

to

(* s.th.); to necessitate,

deem neoessary make necessary

separable,
uisite,

indissoluble ; necessary,

req-

imperative,

indispensable,

unin-

or requisite (* s.th.); to require, need


(* a.th.), call
s.th.)

avoidable,

inevitable,

inescapable ;

(* for),

be in need (* of

cumbent, binding, obligatory;

intransi-

tive (gram.); legally binding, irrevocable


(Il.

Law)

fJ^UlT as

it

mut

be,

comme

<sj

lazma

pl.

-t official

ooncession,
il

faut, properly

license, franohise

<*jV lzima

fixed attribute, inherent


s.o.)

pjj
kasaba

Uum
l-l.

necessity,

exigency,
J

re-

property; standing phrase (of


aj\j}

quirement;

need,

want
in
if

fjjlM

_-*-

as required, as the occasion


fjjUI
-u*

lawzim*

(pl.)

neoessary,

in-

demanda;

oaae

of need,

separable attributes or manifestations


neoessities, exigenoies,
essaries, requisites;

when
j>mJ[i

(if)

necessary,

need be;

ji C-> m
bi-l-bahr)

requirements neo;

jLJ\

biscuit for \J

ajJ (l. as-aafar the voyage


necessary,
|

aooessories,

fixtures

AjjL*

maizm
|

obligated,

under Obliga-

lizm

requisite ;
jl *Jp

ne-

tion, liable

.1*^1; ^jji. (ad') liable for

cessity, duty, Obligation

L\J OtT

taxes, taxable

to be
s.o.

b.o.'b

duty to
. .

...,

be necessary for

<^jjL

maizmiya
liability

duty,

Obligation,

that he

commitment,
necessary, most nec(J^L. it.: of),

* akam* more
essary

muliim tenacious (with

foll.

gen-

clinging, keeping, sticking (with

<.jL malzama

pl.

rj^ malzim* seotion,

foll.

genit.: to); persevering,

peraisting,

signature (of a book,


~4*jL

16 octavo sheets)

remaining, abiding; inseparable; closely

connected or attached

attending,

ao-

mitzama

pl.

piJL.

malzim* vise;

oompanying; adhering; adherent, follower, partisan;

press
~<*ji^

second lieutenant (U.A.R.,


(J-&.

mvlzama
remaining,

adheaion ,

clinging

Tun.)

Jjl

(awwal; U.A.R., Leb.,

stioking;

staying, dwelling;

Jord.,Ir.) first lieutenant; itf rj

^ {tnin

olose attachment; dependence; inseparableness, inherence, intrinsicality ; follow-

Leb., Jord., Ir., formerly also Eg., Syr.)

second lieutenant

fi
pjL mvitazim
monopoly; tax
engaged, committed, un-

apoken
political
tjjj

word);

organ

(of a

party

or

der Obligation; holder of a oonceaaion or


farmer;

ooncessionaire,

movement; a newspaper); OLJj <JU- while he seemed to say ..., with


aa if he

conceBsionary ; oontractor
*'jL>

an expresaion
JJ-I OLJ major L.;
l.

wanted to
lJ

say.

. .

mvitaxam

pl. -t

requirement

al-hamal plantain (Plantago


l.

bot,); j^l^bjJI

al-'usfr
bot.);

i-Ujk-. mustalzamdt requirementa, prerequisites, requisites; necessary or inevi-

common
J-Ull
jjA\

aah (Fraxinua excelsior; l al-qufl bolt of the lock;

OU
l.

table oonaequencea

al-qaum apokeeman (of a crowd)

tikJ

lastik

and
a

^i-L*

lastik

rubber; eraaer
( s.o.);

_J^JI

l.

al-icalb

hound's-tongue

(Cynoglosaum;

bot.); (eg.) also

a variety

*J

lasa'a

(las*)

to ating

to burn

of Bcorpion's tau (ScorpiuruB muricatua


L.
;

(* s.th., e.g.,

the mouth); to hurt (with

bot.),

havig ciroinately coiled pods;


l.

words;

a.o.)

-bil

lJ

al-mifth bit of the key; ji


deceit-

i*_l las'a sting, bite; biting

words

^jlJ ^ lisnain double-tongued,


ful, inaincere,

two-faced

^J
atung
*-*V

las? pl.

^J

las',

UJ Ihm'** JLJ
lisni oral, verbal
liar

last'

stinging;

buming;

biting,

OjJL malan
ijjJL) liSb&na 2

aorid, pungent, sharp

Lisbon (capital of Portugal)

jj

lasina a

(fcuan) to

be eloquent

II

to

(*^ll;

from

l Sai'a:) III to suppress, crush,

point, taper, sharpen (* B.th.)

destroy, ruin, annibilate {* a.th.)

VI to

^J jj
lomd'
1

lasan eloquence
lasin
,

be auppressed, be cniBhed, be destroyed,

and jJl

aban s

be annihilated; to come to nothing, be


,

f.

.b-J

pl.

^J lum

eloquent
f.,

ruined, be frustrated, fall; to disappear,

vanish, dwindle, wane, fade


pl.

jLJ
{flg.),

tisn

m. and

liJl (Unna,
Lt^A*

mulih annihilation, deetruction


failure,

jjl aZaun tongue; language; mouthpiece


organ
(eap.,

of a newspaper;
|

=
ia-

^^AJ UHn annihilation, ruin,

JU-I

OLJ

aee below)

*JLJ J* from bis

frustration; disappearance, evaneacence,

mouth, through bim;

<_i*^JI

LJ J*

(J.

vanisbing, waning, decline

suhuf) through the organ of the preas;


L.

^t^i* mutal&in Coming to nothing,


dwindling,

*jLJ Jp

JJ

(tfUa)
....

things were aacribed

waning

destructible ;

eva-

to bim which

he was rumored to have


(

nesoent, transient, ephemeral

said things which...;


offlcial

y^>

(ru*mf)

organ; f-jU-'l ijijj OL-L i-Ui.

lasfa
(*

u (lasf)

to

do

stealthily or secretly

(mutaAaVig) a spokesman of the Foreign

s.th.);

to rob, steal (* B.th.)


thief ; to act stealthily

to

Ministry;
verbally;

ULJ lisnan orally, fUlj ^UM cJl J* jb (a. tf-fci**


or
jjill

jUll

become a

wa-Z-'dmm) to be the talk of the town, be

^
thief,

liw pl.

,jo-J

htfQf,

^L*Jl

alsa

robber
lusaiya thiovery.theft.robbery
like

on everyone's Ups;
borage

OLJ

l.

aj-faur

(Borago

offlcinalia;

bot,);

OLJ

Vf>*^
tbievish

JIM

the language which things thempeak,


(as
silent

^A^ii* mutalaspif behaving


|

a thief,

aelvea

language,

mute

Jl La.^k Jl (at) to steal to,

expresaion

distinguished

from the

Bneak up to

; ;

887

oiU
J-*Si*
together;

J*J

lafiqa a {latq,

J^J
(_*

htfq) to adhere,
to)
II

mxalaiq
blending,

oohering,

sticking

oleave, oling, stick

to paste

passing

into

each

together, stick together (* B.th.) III to

other

adjoin (*

s.th.),

be next {* to

s.th.),

be

J~*d. mulia$iq attached, afflxed, adhsive,


stioking;

oontiguous (with), abut (* on), touch (*


s.th.); to

adjoining,

adjacent,

be in touoh, in oonneotion, in with


s.o.)

bordering, neighboring; oontiguous, connected, meeting or touohing each other,


in contact; in the
(-*

oontaot
stiok,

IT to attach,
(_*

afflx,

paste,
(_*

glue

s.th.
(_* {_*

to);

to

immediate proxinty

oonneot

s.th. with), join

* s.th.
to);

of), close

to

(_*)

to); to bring (* s.th.) olose

to
f>-iL

press

v * s.th. against)

*-_>!

j~Jl (lauha) (tuhma) to


s.o.

mol^m dense
a
(lafk)

(row), close (rank)

to post a plaoard; 1*^


raise

* J-Jl

an acousation against

TI to

lafalpa

to stain, blot, sully, soi],


(_*

oleave together, oling together, oohere,


stick together; to agglomerate, conglomerate, oake, frit together; to blend, pass

spatter, splash

* s.th. with)

II

do.

to be soiled or stained

oJJ

laflpa pl. lafaJpt

smear, blotch, spot

into eaoh other Till


(t-j {<-j

I;

to hang on

stain, blemish, blot, disgrace

to),

get stuck

(_*

to, on); to fit closely

oJJ

lufafaa

pl. -t

and i^J

litfifc

aas,

s.th.), cling {_j to)

dolt, fool

J*J
he and

lipq

adhering, clinging, cleaving

*JL*L close to

bim

(or it) ;

_^J or
(

J^L

j*

^Jd

lafasa u {lafs) to strike, hit

( s.o.)

I are inseparable

^LLL. milta
^rlU lafaSa
^kl lafa'a

pl.

crxl*'^< moifis* pickax


( s.o.)

J**i lafiq sticky, gluey, glutinous; odhesive, agglutinant; tenacious

u
a

(io/i)

to strike, hit

Jr-*J
((_j

fafiq

one who cleaves or clings

{laf')

to strike, hit

( s.o.);

to

to);

adjoining, adjacent, bordering,

strike out, erase (* s.th.)


<4J Jaf'a blot, stain

neighboring, abutting, contiguouB; closefitting,

skintight (dress)

J^J

lasq plaster

.JJJ lafafa
{(->

(Iu#)

to be kind and friendly

or J to, toward s.o.);


laffa)

Ja/u/a

IL*"^. muldaaqa junction, oonjunction,

(UJ

to be thin,

fine, delicate,

oonnection,
contiguity;

contact,

union; adjacency,

dainty; to be graceful; to be elegant; to

adhesion, cohesion (phya.)


bill

be nice, amiable, friendly II to

make

JLJI

2><2^

poeter,

md,
iltisq

soft,

gentle,

soften (* s.th.); to

j~0* toifiuqond JL*=JI

oohesion,

mitigate, alleviate, ease, soothe, allay,


palliate, assuage,

adhesion; oontlguity, contact; coherence

extenuate (*
temper,

s.th.; also

ja);

to

moderate,

lessen.

di-

J^#^
boring,

muidiq

adjoining,

adjacent,

minish, reduce (* s.th.; also j*); to tone

abutting, oontiguous, bordering, neighin close

down
be

(* s.th.; also

^)

III

to treat with
(

contact ;

companion

kindness, with benevolence


civil

s.o.);

to

neighbor; adherent
J-JL. mulsaq attached, afflxed; stuck

and

polite { to,

toward

s.o.);

to be complaisant, obliging, indulgent,

on,

pasted

on,
;

glued

on

fastened
(pl.

oompliant
s.o.);

(*

toward
( s.o.),

s.o.),

humor
(

(*

brought close
-i)

connected,
plaoard

joined ;

to flatter

fawn
s.o.)

upon);

poster,

bill,

to caress, fondle, pet

J*

*&V

; ; ;

UU
*Jcf (katifihl) to pat s.o. on the Shoulder
,_JtUI

alfaf finer;

more

delicate; kinder,

V
o.b.

to

be

mitigated,
civil

be tempered,

be

nicer;

more elegant
mulfafa
civility,

moderated; to he
friendly

and

polite,

ahow

L'jL

amiable

treatment,
po-

B.th.

and kind, be bo kind as to do have <v); to bestow most kindly,


(<->

amiability;

courteouBness,

liteneas; friendlinesa; benevolenoe, kind-

the kindneas to give

s.th., also, e.g.,

ness; caress; pl. -3t caresses


<JUj
a.o.),

advice, J* to s.o.) ; to be tender, affectionate, nice (i~> to s.o.); to win (<-* s.o.) over

talaftuf

friendlinesa

(_*

toward

by subtle meana, by
to go about B.th.
fully,
(

favors,

by

tricks;

amiability;

favoring,

favoritism;

or

<~>)

gently, care-

civility, courteouBnesa, politeness

with

oaution;

to

do

secretly,

oLJ- mvlaift
JJ lafama
i

Bedatives

covertly, without being noticed

verbal
friendly
civil,

noun:

B.th.)
;

(^ with VI to show o.s.


polite, courteous,
(*
B.th.)

(la^m) to etrike with the

hand

and kind to be

(* the face, with despair, in lamentation)

nice

to find to
like,

pretty,

to slap

( b.o.);

to jolt; to eject; to

bump,

sweet,

nice;

find

pleasant or

etrike (* agaiiut s.th.); to hit (* s.th.)

charming
,JdJ

VI to exohange blows,
{* B.th.)
pl.

fight, brawl, battle

(hostile armies); to collide, claah (waves)


lutf

JlLII

alff

kindness,
gentleness,

VIII to oollide, claah

benevolence,

friendlinesa ;

mildness; civility, courteousness, politeness; daintiness, cuteness, gracefulness;


delicateneas, delicate grace (e.g., of the

UU
JJ

lafma
;

pl.

lafamt blow; slap, box

on the ear

jolt,

thruat

lafim parentless

lim ha)

.Jtklj

gently, softly

LL
U-l-

malfam cheek

oUJ
neas ;

laffa thinness, fineness, delicate-

muUafam

clash (esp., of waveB),

gracefulness,

loveliness,

ohann

tumult, turmoil (of a battle, and the


like),

kindness, benevolence; friendlineas; politeneea;


esprit,

melee

intelleotual

refinement,
JiJ
laziya
flare,

sophistication; Buavity, urbaneneas

{JiJ lazan) to

burn brightly,

flame, blaze, be ablaze; to burn

^UJ

lafif pl.

jUJ

liff,

.UJ

lufaf'*

with rage

V and

VIII do.
fire,

thin; fine; delicate, dainty;


ineignificant;

little,

small,

gentle,

soft,

light,

mild

JJ lazan blazing

blaze, flame

pleasant,

agreeable;
civil,

amiable,
oourteouB,

friendly,
polite

la'aba

and

la'iba

(la'b)

to slaver; to
la'iba

kind,

nice;

alobber, drool (baby);


li'b f

affable, genial; pretty,

charming, lovely,
refined,
fll

laib,
;

^Lti

tal'b)

to play

a {lu'b, (^ with

graceful;
esprit,

intellectually

of
B.th.

brilant,

witty;

elegant;

ouL M
|

with); J* an Instrument) ; to toy (v


(<->

to dally

with) ; to trick, cheat, deceive,


|

the Kind (one of the attributos of God)


,_,

LI

my

God! good heavena!


^,-J-l (jina)

for

dupe (J* b.o.) jlj^'


cards ;
role;
I

l--*J

(aurqa) to play

j_,a <_^J

(dauran) to play a part or


to

goodneBB Bake! J4UJI


sex

the fair

j^j^ <-r*l ^kilU iatranj)


*+!!

make

music;
*>
;

i_-*J

to play cbeaa;

c-J
,_-*J

^y

laflfa pl.

ciJUJ lofif* witticism,

he became the sport of aorrowa


('aqliki)

quip; joke, jest; subtlety, nicety | .JJUJ J^l l. al-hiyal subtle tricks; Cj&JI JJUJ
l.

Ji*

to turn

s.o.'s

head

II

to to to

an-nikdi nice jokes

make (* B.th.) play, Bet (* s.th.) going; wag (* the tail) III to play ( with s.o.);

JJ
have fun, play around,
jest, dally, trifle

LJL* mal'aba plaything, toy

with

s.o.)

IV to

make
to
;

play, cause to

play

( s.o.)

to play, act playfully VI to


s.th.);

^* & talavb game (e.g.


*_-t "jdi

of a speoul&tor,
|

play

(lj

with

make fun

of a gambler), gamble; free play

jLf

(<y
(i_<)

of s.o.),
leg; to

mock

{ma//) free play, free Bcope, elbowlatitude, margin; clearance


l'ib

(l-j

at

s.o.)

to pull s.o.'s

room;

play a trick; to aet fraudulently

_-J la'b, U'b, la'ib pl. i^LII

a l'b pl &y;
di-

^V
athlete;

playing; player; eportsman;


jLJ-.l
|

game; joke,
bling,

jest;

fun,
|

amuaement,
j]^}\
1

gymnast

uj-^I, aJ-;'umM

version, pastime, Sport

_J gam-

gymnast, athlete
i-j^*!-.

gamble; 3-1/^1

v^^l

tne Olympio

maVb

pl. <_*

S*

fnaJ't& a

covered

Games; Lilj ^LII


Sports; *jj&
sleight

(riyifiya) athletics,

with

Bpittle; slobbering, driveling, drool-

v^'

(sihriya) legerdemain,

ing; prank, trick, ruse, artifioe


u-**A*

of hand,
athletics,

magio;

j^ill

<_>LJI

a.

muiTi

fellow player; playmate,

aX-quw

specif.,

traok

and

playfellow; fraudulent
JjJ

field; 4jjLi yUII

(nriya) fireworks; **-U

V^JVI
darrw
structor

athletio field;
al-a. athletio

v UVl

^-j-^

mu-

II taia'tama to hesitate; to falter, stutter,

coaoh, athletics in-

Btammer

UiJ la'fama and -Jj toia'jum hesitation


funny, amusing, merry, gay
stuttering, stutter

t-jJ &'*&

L*J lo'fia (n. un.)


3-*J Ju'fta pl. ._J

game;
Zu'flA

trick

wJi* mu&zZa'Jtm

and L-DI JUbu

m.

ai-Krn stammering, stuttering


plaything, toy;
doli; butt for

mirth or derision, Sport,

Za'a/a

(Ja'j)

to hurt, be sore, burn III to


s.o.)

laughingBtock
L-J Zu'o&a, <_jU Ja"&

oppress, distress, agonize (*

and ^^J K"U very

4mJ

la'ja

pain

playful

^pV
ing
|

iTijpl. ptjJ law'ij* ardent,burnlove); pl. ^.I_^ ardent


love,

uU Zu'& saliva,spittle; slaver, drivel


for...
ijUI Zu'd&i sali vary;

(esp.,

Lr^-iJI i_jLJ I. aS-Sams gossamer, air thre&ds; J <iLJ JL- his mouth watered

ardor (of love)

^\
Ji

aX'a*,
la'iqa

f.

.UJ faTf
(la'q,

red-lipped

mucous, Blimy

laqa, lu'qa) to liok

(* s.th.)

i-J tu'aiba
i_jj*J

pl. -t (little) doli

J
Za'fr

lu'^a spoonful

flighty,
;

ooquettish, flirta^aJ la'tty electuary

tious

(woman)

playful, dallying, triing

*jjJ\ itl'ba pl.

_* Vi

aJ'C" plaything,

*L miTaqa

pl.

je S* matf spoon

toy; play, Sport, dalliance; fun; prank;


trick
i_-*L

jU U*L
*J*J to'/

teaspoon

garnet (min.)

maj'ai

pl. (_-t*)U field,

maZ3't& 1

play-

ground;
house,
_-*^.

athletio

Stadium;
circus

playpl.

J*J laaa see "J*

theater; scene;

ring;

la'la'a

to resound, reverberate, olang,


II
taia'la'a
flicker;

maid ib* matches,

contests, events

roar,

boom

to

shimmer,

(in Sports)

glimmer, gleam,

to be starved;

JJ
to be parched with thirst; to be ex-

870

jil*
tio,

mulgaz puzzling, enigmatio, cryp-

hausted
LJ la'la' pl. IUI la'li
1

myBterious; dark, obscure, ambig-

Vibration of
JaJ

uous, equivooal
lagafa

fata

morgana
a
(la'n) to curae,

(la, JUI ligf) to raise

be clamorous

ji la'ana
(

damn, execrate
(

and noisy; to

a din; to ahout,

s.o.) ,

utter

imprecatione

against

olamor II and IV do.


.UJ lagt, lagaf
pl.

s.o.)

III

to utter the oath of


li'n, q.v.)

condem-

iUl algf noise, din;

nation (U)

VI to curse eaoh

clamor, shouting; lamentation (j* over or for a.th.); uproar, turmoil, tumult

other
j*i la'n cursing, execration,

malediobion
li'n curae;

1 jJ

lagama to mine, plant with minea


s.th.)

{*

iiJ

la'na pl.

Wandt, ulJ
|

execration,

imprecation

~L*

*m

~<c*S

>J Juym,
jj

lagam

pl. * Ul

algm mine
(e.g.,

God's curse upon bim!

lo^m and

fUJI

Ipm mining

ijj lu'na

damned, oursed, confounded;


1

of a harbor, of a road, etc.)

execrable, abominable

U) it'n oath of oondemnation; eworn


allegation of adultery

IV to amalgamate, alloy with mercury


aU)
(Uli

committed by

ei-

lu$m foam, froth


tZ^Sm amalgamation
(eg.)

ther husband or wife

{Isl.

Law)
pl.

^jJ

la'ln
8

and j*L maTn

^"JU
,L*J

flial'in

cursed;

confounded; damned;
abhorred,

lagmafa

to smear, sully, soil

outcast,

execrable; detested,
,>jJUI

abominable;

tne

Evil

One,

the

(yj) UI lag u (la^w) to speak; to be null; lagiya a (UJ UJ lag u {lagw) and

Dev
jt^i TnuioJ'tn oursing eaeh other,
hostile, inimical

&>#an,

LpV

lgiya,

UL malgh) to
(in

talk

nonsense; to

make mistakes
ineffeotual

speaking)
s.th.);

IV to render
one

(*

to
in-

vi

UI la'an

laifca

call to

who haa stumbled:

deolare

null

and void or

invalid,

may you
i_j^jj

vadate, nullify, annul, abolish, abrogate,

rise again!

eliminate
e.th.);

(*

s.th.),

do away

(*

lugb, lagb exhaustion, lasaitude, fa-

with

to canoel (* a project); to

tigue, weariness; great pains, trouble, toil

withdraw

(* permisaion

a motion)

^i>i

lgib pl. t_jJ luggab languid, fa-

yj lagw foolish talk; nonsense; null,


nugatory, ineffecbual; mistake, blunder,

tigued, weary, tired


-U)

ungrammatioai language
lugd
pl.

jJI
pl.

algd, iyJ lugd

and

*j.i
lii

lugdd

-ujUJ

lagdid 3

flesh

at the

Inga

pl. -t

language; dialeot; idiom; Jargon ;

throat and under the chin


jii

vernacular ;
pression,

lingo,
JJI

word

exj

term;

classioal

Arabio

lagaza

(lagz) III
pl.

to speak in riddles; to
do.

*-c*-l
<y.[e

4J lii
lii

(ajnabiya)

foreign

language;

equivocate
jif

and IV
jUJI

{'mmiya)

populr language;
lii
l.

lugz

algz riddle, puzzle;


|

li&l

literary language; j'jUI

enigma; conundrum; mystory, secret

al-muhdaia
fe+U slang;
l.

colloquial

language;

lii

uWULil

oy^Ji

>)

/.

al-kalimt

al-

al-mihna
4Jjil
lii
l.

professional

Jargon,

mutaqfi'a croasword puzzle

al-maulid

mother

; ;

871

tongue;

U1

J*l

aW

al-l.

philologists,
aJ-J.

raUy

(<}y-

around); to
B.th.)

clasp, encloee,

lexicographers; Ul 1p

'um

lexioogecience,

encircle,

embrace (v

raphy,

philology,

linguistio

Ja) Jaff winding, coiling ;

wrapping, en(eg.)

linguiatics
jiS

folding;

rolng,

folding;

circum-

lagwa dialect, idiom, vernaoular


lugaivi
linguistio;

ambienoe, circumvention, detour, round-

tfjiS

phologic(al)
lexicogra-

about way, subterfuge, dodge, excuaes;


pl. JiUll alff

swaddling clothes, diapers


(dawarn)
{na&r)

lexicographic(al) ;

philologist,

pher, linguist; objiJ linguistio matters,


philologica

ljjJlj
evasiona;

JtUI

detours
folding

and
and
ado,

jMj JA

unfolding ; *U1
ilg*

involution

and

evolution

abolishment, abolition, abro-

(rhet.);

Jd s*

j> without

much

gation, repeal, elimination, cancellation,

without ceremony
Ja}
liff pl. tJLiil

revocation,
lification,

rescission;

annulment, nulalff densely

quasbing; countermand

growing

trees;

pl.

thicket,

scrub,

undergrowth,

?y
void

lagin abrogated, repealed, annulled,


invalid,
ineffective,

bruehwood
J
Jaffa
pl. -t

cancaled,

null

and
turn,
rotation,

rev-

olution; coil, twist, convolution, whorl,

<J-^ lgiya grammatical mistake, incorroct usage

spire ; winding ; roll, soroll ; pack, packet,

package, bndle, bale; turban

*i*ij
j,

jL. mulgan abrogated, repealed, ani

(baridiya) poatal package; JjJl


{raqq)
Sili)

oliJ

nulled, canceled, invalid, void; aboliahed;

parchment

scrolls

ezpired; auppreased; negligible


Ja)
Jaffa

liffa pl. -t,

Ju'UJ

laf'if

wrap-

(Jaff)

to wrap up, to wind,

roll

up, fold

ping, covering, cover, envelope; wrapper,

up

(a

B.th.);

coil,

spool, reel

wrap; altar

cloth,

cloth

covering

the

(* s.th.); to
B.th.

wind (J*

* s.th. on; J^*- *

paten and chalice {Copt.-Chr.); bandage;


swaddling band; puttee; cigarette (also

around), twist, wrap, fold (Jy- *

s.th.

around); to envelop

{(_>

or

s.th..

dl j* UJ

l.

min

at-tibg); pl.

*JuL

(fig.)

in

or with), oover, Bwathe, ewaddle (*

guise (of s.th.)


i_j a /i)

s.th.

or

l>

in or with), wrap, infold


(<-*

laftf

gathered, assembled; crowd-

(u or j

* s.th. in); to connect

* s.th.

ed, thronging; multitude, crowd,

awarm,
people);

with), join, attach

(^

* s.th. to); to

grow

body,

Cluster,

group

(j*
i_ '_.*!

of

densely, be overgrown, form a tangled

mized Company
riflraff;

mass; to make a round of


visit

calls

(J* on),

^Ul
|

mob, rabble,

^1 JuIlJl (ajnabl) the Foreign

(J*

people);

(eg.)

to

go around a round-

Legion
<kJi
Jafifa

a.th. (*),

go about

s.th.

(*) in

bndle; package, packet,

about way, make a detour, beat about


the bush
s.o.,
|

pack; cigarette
,JJI

4JJ .JJ (Jaffah)

to do
s.o.,

just like
alaff*,
f.

be of the same kind as


s.o.

belong to

UJ Jaffa'* stout,

plump

the same Bort as


infold tightly

II

to

wrap up or up (j
in),

(figure,

body)
pl. -t reel, spool; coil (el.);

to

wrap

o.b.

JtL milaff
winding
;

cover

o.e.

(j with) VIII do.; to wind,

wrapping,

covering,

casing

twist, coil; to

tum, make a turn (auto-

blanket, sleeping blanket; cover, wrapper,

mobile, etc.); to intertwine, grow in

jacket
;

(of a

book,

etc.);

(letter)

tangled

mass

to

gather,

assemble,

envelope

folder,

portfolio ;

letter

nie

*JI

872

doasier

O j&

<-il*

induction coil (d.) ;

address

o.s.

(Jl to);
to),

to

pay attention,

O Jl-Ujl ^L (ibtidtfl) O JJ^ <-L choking


t--iij toi/I/ pl.

primary
choke

coil (ej.);
(ei.)

attend

(Jl

heed, obaerve, bear in

coil,

mind, oonsider, take into aacount, take


into oonsideration (Jl s.th.); to take oare
(

JUL mff wrapping, covering, cover

Jl of), care ( Jl for)

*}y~ c-cll (havlaJi)

tJu^

talf winding;
pl.

to look around, glance about


(*

to attract

coil, twist,

convolution, whorl, spire;

the eyes, attention); to claim, arouse,


{* the interest, the attention, ,>
|

t-V"itf expletive after j, e.g.,

tJ^JW j

awaken
of
s.o.)

l\juj* (suwaid'ihd) in the depth of her


heart; ^tAUl Jui *^J
*JLJ
"itJ

jlij

cib>l

(or jUiil) to arouse

(piim) in the dark;


it,

or attract

b.o.'s

attention, catch s.o.'s

ipt in it, inside

around in
bypassing,

it

eye

tjUdl

it//

turn;

out-

C-
bot.)
<jtl

lift

tumip

(Brassica

rapa L.

flanking, flank

movement, envelopment,

surrounding

lafta

(n. un.)

turnabout, about-

tJjiL maXff wound,

coiled;

wrapped

faoe; (pl. lafatt) turn, turning; gesture;

U P (j

in);

rolled

up,

rolled together,

sideglance, glance, a furtive, casual, or

convolute; twisted,

wound

(J around);

quick, look

fastened, attached (J to); swathed (<_* in ot with); plump, atout (body); (*yr.)

oUJ
CJ

laft

and o^AJ

laft ill-tempered,

surly, sullen
alfafi, f. .LJ

cabbage
lafUC* % pl.

cJi

luft

ijid*

muUaff winding, twisting,

coiling

left-handed

wound,

ooiled; rolled up, rolled together,

oUJl
(Jl to,

lift turn, inclination,

turning

convolute; spirally wound; intertwined,

toward); attention, notioe, heed;


oonsideration;
(styl.)

interwoven, entwined; gathered, asa


bled,

regard;

care,
j

solicitnde;

grouped ( Jj- around) clasping, en


;

sudden transition
bi-dnil-t.
Jl

closing, embracing, encircling


jj lajaia % (laft)

(^

s.th.)

oliVI fnattentive(ly) ; ^LtJ VI


of,

Oj-u j-u

and IV to tum, bend,

tut,

inconaiderate

without oonsider-

incline, direct (Jl * s.th. to or toward),

ation for;
attention ;

oLUVI

{**

'adam

al-ill.

in-

foous (Jl a B.th. on); to


(je-

tum

away, avert

o li V

,>m Jl Jii (bi-'aini 1-iU.)

m B.th. from)
cJi}\

Jl Jii

c- (na^arah),

to give s.th. sympathetio oonsideration


JUl iUifta (n. vio.) a turning (Jl to,

Jl tjij

to

tum

one*s eyea or one's


s.o. 's

attention to; to direct


s.o.'s

eyea

to, call

toward);

tum

of the faoe or eyea; side-

attention to; jkJI c-iJ to oatch the

glance, glance

eye, attract attention; to be impressive,


stately, imposing;

*liUJ

istft Stimulation of attention

Ji^\

cJift

do.;

cJA

^Ul
people

to attract, interest, or oaptivate

oV
CJJL.

lfita

sign (bearing

an

insoription)

V
;

to

turn,

turn around turn

mxfitx

jkJ

cJiJL.

(no?ar)

at-

one's face (Jf to); to look around, glance

tracting attention, striking, oonspiououa

around to peer around


lah)

*ij*-

C-xU (ouc-iiL midtafit turning around, looking

to look around, glance


<jc

around;
(Jl

at);

regardful;

attentive;

heedful,

ij-ij

C-xl;

{yamnaian un-yaratan)
oareful; conaiderate
left

he looked to the right and


turn,

VIII to
(Jl

tum

around,

to); to

wheel

tum one's face around, tum around;

lafaJjta

(lafh, ul**J
s.o.,

lafahdn) to burn,
s.th.);

to

acorch, aear (*,

(Za/A)

to

_j
strike lightly; to touch, brush (* B.th.,
e.g.,
l.

S-Saibu
o.s.

rasah

I;

V and

VIII to

of the breath)
lafha pl. lafaht fire, heat (esp., of

wrap

up

(<~>

in)

l^Jti

iL milfa* head shawl, muffler


jiJ II to invent, fabricate (* s.th.); to con-

fever)

jjU lafh

and ~V lh

pl. ^ii^J lawfih*

coct, contrive, devise, think out (s.th.);

buming, Bcorching, searing


j-UJ JuJjT

to falsify {* s.th.); to
of-

trump up

(* s.th.);

mandrake (Mandragora

to patch up, piece together


with)

(Jl

m B.th.

ficinarum;
ikii

bot.)

j-iij talfiq invention, fabrication,

oon-

lafaza

i (lafz)

to emit

(<~>,

* B.th.)
(<_j,

to apit
coction, fibbing; falsification

out

(i~j,

* s.th.); to eject
{

a a.th.); to

throw

s.o.)

out

(^
say

of);

to speak,

-Ij
fib,

talfiqa

pl.

-t

invented story,

enunciate, articulate; to pronounce, utter,

yarn
mvXaffaq
invented,
fabricated,

expreas,
l

voice,

(<_j,

* s.th.)

jji.

s*-y\
last,

r&\

Jl (nafas) to breathe one's

trumped up,

fake, fictitious; oonoocted,

die, expire; to
-UjU

be in the throes of
to be in

contrived, devised; patohed up, pieoed

death; <AJ\

{anfsah)

together ; embellished with


ijJjiJ

lies

the throes of death, breathe one'a last;


ilyjl
iLil

kiJ

(la/za

n-rtauw)

to spit

laflafa

to

wrap up, envelop, oover

s.th.

out

like a

date

pit,

brush

s.th. aside,

(* s.th.) II talaflafa to

wrap

o.s.

up j,
(

<-

reject s.th., dismiss s.th.

to pronounce,
ji\

in)

enunciate, articulate
iLil

(<~j

s.th.)

IV to good
(*

find (*, . s.o., s.th.)

VI to put right,

lafz

pl.

.tUJl

alfz sound-group,

to right, repair, oorreot (* s.th.); to


(* a deficiency), eliminate,
(*

make
to

phonetio
;

complex;
;

expression,
;

term

remove

word wording formulation


enunciation, tim,
letter
literally
|

articulation

a danger); to remedy

B.th.);

pronunciation ; l verbaJ-j
JkilJI

redress (* a loss,
{* for

and the

like),

make up

UJ
lLf-1

(ma'nan) in
(akfa'a) to

loss)

and

spirit;

li^L muifh correction, adjustment,

mispronounce
elimination (of a deficienoy)

Ji

lafzi

of or pertaining to words,
1J1 tAJ

verbal; literal; pronounced; oral


kiJ

taldfin repair, correction ;

elimi-

nation, removal (of a deficiency, of a


lafza pl. lafazt

word; utterance,

danger); remedy; redress, reparation


*_-iJ

saying
II to call,
.li-)

lafiz ejected,

emitted; pronounoed,

men

or

title)

Burname (v s.o. by an agnoV to be surnamed (<~j by an

uttered
iijij

agnomen
tahtffttz

or title)
<_jUJI

pronunciation, enuncia_JiJ

laqab pl.
title,

alqb

agnomen

niok-

tion, articulation

name;
emitted
;

honorific;
(as

last

name, sur*-l

Ji^iL

malfz ejected,

pro-

name, family name


iam given name,
first

opposed to
|

nounced, uttered
aJ

name)

^LJI ^JtJ

lafa'a

a (laf):

*-1j

.\H,\\

~U
bis

title
J.

of champion (in sports)


\\-

-&ii6ii
II
l

ra'ooAfl grey hair

covered
with)
|

head

to
pjl

i_

mxdoqqob surnamed, nicknamed,

cover (*

s.th.,

<-

<-\j ^.^.U

called

(<^>

by the

loqob

.)

e
j

laqaha a (laqh) and II to impregnate,


fecundate, pollinate (a s.th.); to grafb,

JLidl

iUiqf

gathering,

collection,

gleaning ;

taking
|

up,

picking

up ;

re-

bud

(a

tree);

to inoculate, vaccinate

ception (radio)
receiver (radio)

iUxJ^I

jl|*- jahz al-t,

a.o.)

VI to croas -pollinate
laqh

mJ

impregnation,

fecundation,

U'tf Zgt/ receiving (radio set); gleaner;

poUination
v-LJ

gatherer

Q o^JI

l ^

Z.

ae-#aut pickup

laqh seed, seinen, sperm; pollen;


^j-U-l
|

(of a phonograph);
l>LJV'

phonograph;

""^*^

infective agent, virus; Vaccine


l,

mine aweeper

r-Li)

al-judari variolo Vaccine;

*i^'

JajLL mvltaqil finder


r'-*'

serum
pJilj talqih

U
impregnation, feoundation,
inooulaal-judari grafting, budding;
|

laqa'a
(* s.th.)

(lag')

to throw away, discard

poUination,

tion, vaccination

^j-U-l ~_il;

iJJ

laqifa

(laqf,

UU

laqafn) to seize

t.

vaccination (against amallpox)


mfl^lll

quickly, grab, snatch (a s.th.); to catch


{* s.th.); to snatoh up, take over (j* *

J- dag;

aZ-JaugiA pollen

s.th.

from

b.o.)

V and

VIII do.

to seize

. mulaqqah
,jJ
laqis:
(

inooulated, vaccinated

(* on), rob, usurp (a s.th.)


jiiJ

_r

Jjl
|

rJ

I.

an-nafa annoyed,

laqlaqa to

clatter (stork);

to babble,

crosa

chatter, prattle

jUJ
lJ ia?afa u
(Iwtf)

laqlaq

and

j-jUl

fofl/j

pl.

jJUJ

to gather, colleot, pick


(a B.th.) II

up
I

laqliq* stork

from the ground, glean

UJ

laqlaqa clatter (of a stork); bab-

to gather, glean

(a s.th.);

to pick up

(a B.th., also, e.g., with the ear) VIII

= I;
1 JL!

ble, chatter, prattle; (ep.) gossip

to receive (a radio waves, a radio message; to take (a a picture; phot.)


jj-0 (furo.) to
J*5J
J

laqama u (logm) to clog up, obstruct,


block (a
s.th.);

.LUI

laqima a (laqm) to

make

a picture
is

eat, devour, gobble, swallow

up

(a s.th.)

loqof that

which

picked

up

or

II to feed bit

by
|

bit

(*

s.o.); to

load (a a

gathered, leftovers, gleanings


*LI luqfa that

weapon;
ground

ayr.)

lj+il\

JU

(qahwa) to stir

coffee into hot

water IV to make
( s.o.)

which

is

picked

up

or

(. b.o.)

swallow; to feed bit by bit

gleaned, gleanings; article or thing found;


(lucky) find;
JUJ htqf
is

VIII to devour, swallow


"<Jtl

up

(a B.th.)

(eg.)

bargain, pickup

luqma

pl.

2\

luqam
morsel
j

bite; bit,

and

*lLi)

lugfa that whioh

mouthful;
titbit,

little piece,

mU <J
<Lm>-

picked

up

or gleaned; leftover eara of

choice morsel; J
to

ou'U i*

grain, gleanings; offal, refuse


-L-l

(ja'alah)

make

s.o.

an easy prey
flour, fried

laqif pl. ILI

luqaf' 1 picked up,

of

. .

. ;

^UiJl <J paetry of fine

found; foundling
iLJaJ laqifa (female)

in oil like

doughnuts and aprinkled with

sugar or honey
foundling
i*-U luqaima
pl. -i

snack, bit, morsel

JaL milgaf

pl.

i^U malqif* (pair of)

JiL

muiaqqim

pl.

-n

(Syr.

mil.)

tongs, pincers ; (pair of ) tweezers, pincette


(pair of) pliers
,>ii-l
]

assistant gunner, loader, cannoneer no. 1


'^jUJ laqml or

.Lil. forceps;

.kL

jUl

fire

tongs

^V

(magr.)

palm wine

J*
9 \Jti

luqmn* Lokman, a Iegendary sage and


|

away, discard

{* s.th.);

to put or lay

author of numerous fables

o\Jl j\z c~j

I4IU Jp {baqiyat) everything has remained


aa before
Jti laqina a (lil laqna, JUJ laqniya) to

s.th. to s.o.),

submit (J* * pose (J* * a question to s.o.); to report (J or Jl * on s.th. to


(* s.th.) before s.o. (J*>),

forth (J* or Jf * s.th. to s.o.); to reoite, play, Bing (* a song, a muaical


s.o.), set

understand, grasp (*
fer,

a.th.);

togather, in

composition); to present (*

s.th., e.g.,

note (* s.th.) II to teaoh (*

8.0. B.th.),

broadcast); to give (* a lecture), hold


(m a class),

instruot (*
s.o.

s.o. in);
inBtill,

to dictate {*
infuse,
a.th.),

to

make, deliver {* a Speech); to


a greeting,
Jl

s.th.);

to
t

inculcate,

extend

(*

to

s.o.);

to

inspire

(*
*

in

s.o.

insinuate,
*

suggest (*
to

to

s.o. s.th.);

to whisper (*

s.o. B.th.),

prompt
(

( s.o.)

I;

to

impose, lay <J* * s.th. on s.o.), brden (> * with s.th. s.o.) | Jl Jb. Jll, J "il J\
to pay attention to; j* to

UU Jll

(baynan)
or

learo, reoeive, get

j* *

s.th. from),

be

make a Statement about


Jll

on
(t.

informed (j- * of

s.th.

by)
laqniyo, quiok

^Jl

{bau}) to lay eggs; Jl *.L>. Jll

UJ laqana and SJlU


underatanding, grasp

(bi-zimmihi) or "^i Jl ^1 u-IU. Jl

amrihi) to lay one's fate in


entrust one's fate to
nafsihi) to
*iLi*-l
s.o.
;

s.o. 's

handa,
Jll

^JtiJ talqin Instruction, direotion; dio-

*ii

(W-

tation; diotate; Inspiration, Insinuation,

throw
Jll

o.s. into,

plunge into;

Suggestion; Buborning of a witneas

(Isl.

*jLj

(ahfnihi) to throw o.s.


Jll

Law)

into s.o.'s arme; Jl Xj

{bi-yadihl) to

surrender to

s.o.,

give o.a. up to s.o.;

jiL mulaqqin prompter;


faqih

inspirer;

who

instructe the deceased at bi


teil

VjUll J* JJ-I Jll (habl) to give froe rein, give a free hand, impose no restraint; J LLL*^
(j-j-Jl

grave what to death


*ji

the two angels of

Jll

to

make a
to
(ru'6,

public address to;


recite

Jll

{dar)
Jll

the lesson;

laqwa facial paralysis


laqiya
liiqy,

*JS

^Pjll

qalbihl) to strike

terror

to

s.o.'s

heart,

frighten,

alarm

JJ

(*Lil

liqa, J)

Lil

luqyn,

J)

s.o.; r-"iLJl Jll to lay

down
s.o.,

one's arme,

4.JLI

luqya,

luqan) to enoounter
(*,

oapitulate, surrender; Jl *-Jl Jll {am')

(*, * s.o., s.th.),

meet
(

with

s.o.,

with
to lend one'B ear to

listen to s.o.;

s.th.);
s.o.

to meet

s.o.);
),

to

come across
upon
s.o.

A^lf

*Jl \ji}\

{asmaahum) they

lent

him
Jll

or s.th. (*,
);

light
(*,

or to

their ears, they listened to him ;


{su'lan) to

V ij-< *J*
s.o.,

s.th. (*,

to find undergo,

s.o., s.th.);

experienoe,
s.th.),
(*) lot (

suffer,

endure
fall

put a question to
lixi jl*

ask

(*
s.o.

meet with

s.th. (*);

to

to b.o.'b
to

a question;

J* Jl to impose
responsible for;

or.share III to

meet, come
(

meet
or

s.th.

on
Jll

s.o.,

hold

s.o.

s.o.);

to enoounter
(

s.o.),

have an
s.o.

LjU

to teaoh sciences; J* ,>^i" jH


Jll

enoounter
s.th. <*,

with); to

come
s.o.

across

{qabd) to arrest s.o.; J* J>LiJl

to drop

),

light

upon
with

or s.th.

(*, *);

bombs on
(qaul)

B.th.,

bomb
to
give
Jll

s.th.; JjJl *J* Jll


s.o.;
s.o.

to

experienoe,

undergo, suffer, endure


(*
s.th.);

to

diotate
s.o.,

to

direct,

(* s.th.),

meet

to receive,
|

instruct

instruotions;

get, obtain, achieve (* B.th.)

UliT

J^
off*

J^UI

<X

l^i*

{kalimata t-falaq) h*

V-L

(giyatan) to find willing ears IT to


s.th.); to

pronounoed

the

formula
Jll

of

divoree

throw, cast, fling (*

throw
to

against her; ljj\-

{muh$ara) to give
Jll

throw down, drop

(* s.th.);

throw

a leoture, hold a

olass; J* *Jjj-J.I

J
(mas'ltya) to plaoe the responsibility on
s.o.,

876

U'iL

mulqh enoounter, meeting, get-

saddle

s.o.

with the responsibility


s.th.);to take, aooept

together, reunion; reception


Uli

Ttoreceire{A,

s.o.,

ilg'

throwing,

casting,

throw,

{* s.th.); to get, obtain (* s.th.); to learn

cast, fling; delivery, diction; dictation;

(j* * of B.th. from), be informed (j* * of


B.th. by); to learn
s.o.),
(

reoitation, reoital

Ul^fl

1p

'Um

al-i.

J* or j a
{j*

s.th.

from
be

elooution
jl* talaqqin receipt, reception, aooept-

take

leraons

from

s.o.),

taught, be instruoted, be coaohed

(j*

by

s.o.)

\ja\

Ji; (amran) to reoeive


(soldier); j*\j$\

an
liJ

ance; aoquisition (also of a


edge,
etc.);

skill,

of knowl-

Order,

have Orders
ordere

learning (of an art, skill,


|

to

take

(com.,

and the

eto.);
like);

pursuit (of studies)

*jU\

JS

*l& (qabl) to agree j^*J^ wholeheartedly to s.th., submit willingly


JjJJIj to s.th.;

studies at (e.g., at

a univeraity)

^ talqin
iltiq'

meeting, enoounter meeting, reunion (*- with)

j Ujjj

Jtf to take leesona in

Udl

(some

field,

art, scienoe, etc.);

r^UI

Jj

U-Ul j

to study at the univereity VI to

jL

mvlqint Sj^wJI pUJ^I oLUL. mit/*

meet, join eaoh other, eome together,


get together VIII do.; to enoounter,
(l,*

qiyt al-a. al-bahriya


JL*

mine layers
cast, discarded

meet
lie

muiqan thrown,
pl.

s.o.)
lie

to throw o.s.

down;

to

down,

JiL muUaqan
meeting
place,

oLid. muUaqayi
;

rendezvous

gathering

JI laqan pl. .Uli aiq' offal, disoard


iJ luqya enoounter, meeting; luqya, 1aq\ya s.th. found, a find
Lil htqy enoounter,

point, collecting center ; interseotion, junction, oonfluenoe, crossroada


{

Jdll

Jl

good-

by
1
*iJJ

so long ! au revoir

meeting

laklca

(Ja**)

to hit with the


( s.o.)

fist,

to

ouff, buffet,

pommel

Till to be

*Ai)

liqya enoounter, meeting; s.th.

pressed together, thiokly set, orammed,

fotmd, a find
-ill

jammed, orowded;

to orowd together,

uiqiya riddle,

conundrum

gather in a mass; to

make mistakes

or

UU
of
|

blunders, speak ungrammatioally


tq/ta (prep.) opposite; in front

*tJu Ulj j*
LJj

min

tilqtfi nafaihl

or j*

JJ lakk

pl.

ij&l alkak, jft lukk


(specif.,

lac,

one

Jlj

by

o.s.,

of one's

own

aooord,

hundred thousand
pees)
-i!I

100,000 ru-

spontaneously, automatically
cJJj tilq'i

automatio; spontaneous;

lukk, lakk reain; lao; sealing

waz

Ulj spontaneously, automatically

t
JL. molqan
place,
pl.

J^

maldqin meeting
crossing,

ktka'a a (,JI Iah') to strike, hit; *$) laina a (KJ laka) to abide, remain, Btay

rendezvoua;

junction,

(v

at a place)

V to be
loaf,

tardy, dilatory,

interseotion; road or street interseotion,

slow, to dawdle, tarry, heaitate


s.th.); to loiter,

j
|

in

orossroads
#

hang about
fail

\S3

UJ

liq*

enoounter ;

meeting ;
(prep.)

ge tin
j

M\ j {ad') to be in default,
one's nnancial obligations
*tS0
lulca'a

to

meet

together;

reunion;
for,

liq&a

ezohange

in return for, for, on

hesitant, tardy,

dilatory,

JUT

.UJ {kafaia)

on bau;

.Ulli Jl

good-

sluggish, slow; behindhand, in arrears,

by! so long! au revoirl

defaulting

877

r
lamma u (lamm)
semble

j] lahata u (labt) to atrike with the

fist;

to

*i

to gather, collect, aa-

kick

{ s.o.);

to thrust

s.o.)

(* s.th.); to reunite (* s.th.); to

arrange, aettle, put in order {* s.th.); to

j]

laiciz

miserly, stingy

repair (* s.th.); paas.

lumma

to suffer

jKJ

likdz pin; nail;

peg

from or be stricken by a
ig-

alight

mental
put

*} lak?

pl.

.USO

luica''*

mean, base,

derangement

4i*i

(ia'ojoAfi) to

nominious, disgraoeful, wioked, depraved;


sly, foolish
4*tj

s.th. in order again, straighten s.th. out,

put
help

B.th. right;
b.o.

to reoover, piok up; to

get back

on

his feet; ^Ull J-"

(I

Iat'a meanneas, baseoeaa, dis-

(iamia
befall,

l-q.)

to round

up the herd IV to
weakness,
s.o.)

gracefulneas, wickedness, depravity

overcome

(fatigue, fear,

j lakama

(/atm) to strike with the

fist,

adversities, etc.;

s.o.);

to pay (^
s.o.), stop,

box, punch III to engage in a

fist fight,

a short

visit, call

(^ on
s.o.);

stay

box

with

s.o.)

(^
laleamt

at b.o. 'b house); to have sexual inter-

courae (^ with
aSJ
fist,

to broaoh

(^ a
s.th.);

lakma

pl.

blow with the

topic),

speak

(<_>

about), disouss

(^

punch

to give a survey (^ of), outline, State


briefly (^ s.th.); to touch briefly (^ on a subject); to be aoquainted or familir

'aSX.

milkama boxing glove


muilcama
fist fight,

"S-^a

boxing matoh
prize

(^ with
f^L.

s.th.);

to get to

know (^
o.a.

s.th.);

mulkim boxer,

pugilist,

to famiUarize
s.th.); to

o.a.,

acquaint

(<-

with

fighter
1

com mit,

perpetrate

(^ a orime);

jj lakina a (lakan,

Zufcna,

Zj&

luh-

to take, consume

(^

food, drink) VIII to

na, *ijSi luknfia) to speak incorrectly,

gather, assemble, rally; to unite; to visit


( s.o.), call (*

barbarously; to stammer

on)
pl.
fLL

ii3

luicna stutter,

stammer; incorrect

il

lamma

limm
visit,

oolleetion;
call;

usage, ungrammatical language; incorrect

gathering,

assembly;

mis-

pronunciation
^BsJ lalena:

fortune, calamity; slight mental derange-

^~&\

'*}& (fcaZm)speech

ment, touoh of insanity


ii

defect; faltering

way

of speaking
lalm'*, pl.

limma

pl.

1 limam

ourl,

ringlet,

^1
ing

an,

f.

.L&
;

j&

lukn

lock
<i

speaking incorrectly atammering, stutter-

lumma traveling party


(of people) slight

group, troop,

body

jj
jj

bzfcan pl.

j&l

aJfcn basin,

copper basin

1 lamam
Uli

mental derangement

MWn, UWnna

aee

jTV
see J
li

limdman ocoasionally, from time

to time, rarely, seldom


>LL

Jll It-fcat, l^S Zi-feM-nuS


l

lam

(psrticle;

with

foll.

apoo.) not

lammm

wild thyme

(bot.)

<_-^j

(I

lam yaktub he did not write;


not
...

Jl

a-Jam

>U1

mm
(-

knowledge, oognizanoe

(v

though?

JsJ

Jii Jl (a^id)

haven't I
ili

of s.th.); aoquaintance, familiarity, oon-

told you, though

T 1/1

lam

only,

versanoe
line,

with);

(pl. -t)

survey, out-

nothing but, just; not


"J

tili,

not before

summary, resume
evil

lima

li-m, aee J

^ lmma

eye

(J

878

f>Ju

maimm

collected, gathered, as-

<j\

j* A^L

4_i

(ablhi)

he looks

like his

embled;

concentrated

at

one point;

father;

J^i-j

*.

(zl)

lights

and

slightly insane

shades
familir, con|

(in painting)

1*

mulimm completely
(<->

-Jj taimlh pl. p_* ^J talmlh* allusion,


intimation, Insinuation, hint, reference;
l..*iJ

vereant

with); expert, connoisaeur

li)&\j ;.I>JL

literate
-i

by way of Suggestion,
u
t

indirectly

Ui* muZnma pl.


ty, disaster
1

misfortune, calami-

jl lamaza

(lamz) to give
(*

( s.o.)

a wink;
at
s.o.),

to speak
find fault
li

ill

of

s.o.),

carp

LL

li-m aee J

with

s.o.), eritieize,

blame,
( s.o.)

censure, backbite, slander, defame

11 lammd

(conj.)

when,

as,

after;

sine,
jl

lumaza

and

jli

lammte

fault-

whereas; (particle; with foU. apoc.) not,


not yet
l

ander, oaptious

critio, oaviler,

carpar

_y*-Ll (Engl.)

lambgS lumbago

uA lamaaa u
feel

(lams)

to touch, handle,
finger
(*
s.th.),

with

the

hand,

LI Jamba
m1

pl. -t

lamp; tube

(radio)

pass one's hand (* over s.th.); to seek


(* s.th.), look, search, aak (*
for);

to

to take a snack
Sji

pereeive, notice (* s.th., Jl that),

lumja

appetizer,

hre

d'oeuvre,

aware

(* of s.th., jl that)
|

become

^ (yulma*

relish,

snack
(Jl or

tu) intangible, impalpable; jJLU-1

^A

to

take things as they are, face the facta


^J.

ZamaAa a (lamA) to glance


s.o.);

at

III to
s.o.,

be in touch or oontact
B.th.);

(*,

with

to see, ight, behold, notice

(* s.o.,

* s.th.); to

become aware
lamahn,
gliaten, r\j5

(l

that);

to to

with
{*,

to touch,

feel,

finger,

palpate

s.o., s.th.);

to have sexual to feel

(lamh,
flash,

l^

talmk)
II

intercourse (U with a

woman) T

sparkle,

abimmer

out, finger, palpate (* s.th.); to fumble,

insinuate, intimate, give to underatand


(Jl s.th.),

grope about; to grope, fumble (* for


s.th.);

hint (Jl at), allude, refer (Jl

to look, search (* for); to ask

to) III to cast


(

a casual or furtive glance


furtive-

(a for)

TI to touoh each other, be in


s.th,
s.th.

at

s.o.)

IT to glance casually or

ly (Jl or

at

s.o.)

mutual oontact Till to requeat (j* * from s.o., J for s.o.), ask (j* * for
s.o.), aolioit

-1 lamh quick look, glance; moment,


instant
^-Jl
|

(J *

s.th.

for);

to beg (*

**1 l.

al-bapar glance of the


^-Jl ^1 ,a,

for),

request urgently (* s.th.); to aeek


(*,

eye;
j~mJ\

^^1

^L j, j^J\ ^JT,

(* s.th.), look, search


8.0.)

* for s.th., for

1 J* Jii

(aqaUa) like lightning,

in

a i

trice, instantly, in

no time
quick, casual

^jA

lams
|

feeling,

groping;
al-l.

touching,
aense of

lamha

pl.

lamaht

touch touoh
,^-i

^r-JJ!

i-U- hauai

look, glance;

wink; glow of

light, light,
|

brightneas,
*-jl

flash

(of lightning)

<^ *J

lamrt taotual, tactile, of or pertain-

j*

(ablhi)

he looks like hia father


gleaming,

ing to tbe aense of touch

*-U

lammh sbimmering,

51 lamrtya
not attained

(tun.)

date

which

haa

shining

fll ripeness
(n. vio.)

*yu
traits;

maimth*

features,

lineaments;
looks
|

4-1

lanua

touch;

(pl.

-t)

outward

appearance,

retouch

879

W
*A
lum'a
pl.

rA

lamia soft to the touch


pl.

lu-ma',

fLL

lim*

A, maimas _r

^r-^*
(of

moMmw*

place

shimmer,

gleam,

glow,

flaah,

sparkle,
gloss,

of touch, spot touched, point of contaot

glitter, brilliancy, radiance,

beam;

O feeler,
contact
|
(

tentacle
_

insecte);

touch;

luster, burnish, polish;

some, a

little

r*lil *U

soft to the

touch

fAi

lammt? bright,
flashing,

brilliant, lustrous,

Bparkling,

glistening,

Bhining,

.1-

malmaal tactual,

tactile

radiant;

O gloasy,
satined,

glazed,

bumished,
|

o- ->L mulmaaa
intercourse

touching, touoh, con-

polished,

calendered (techn.)

tact; feeling, fingering, palpation; sexual

fli

jJu- (jild)

patent leather

*ll

alma' 1 and

^\

alma'% aagacioua,

rJj talammus

aearch, quest

smart, ahrowd, clever, bright, intelligent;

^^Jl iima requeat, solicitation; application, petition

A\ alma' 1 more luatroua, shinier


^aII

alma'iya

sagacity,

amartnesa,

^yjS* molms touched,


tangible;

feit;

palpable,

shrewdness, cleverness, brightness, intelligence

oUj*U

things perceptible to

the touch, tangible things

f~JS ialmV polishing, polish


tili

^-^d*

muUamas pl.

-t

requeat, petition,

ilm'a allusion, hint


lmi' pl. ^.IjJ lawmi'* brilliant,

application
^LLl look

V
alphabetically
ats.o.);
**.*}/

up

lustrous, Bhining, gleaming,

shimmering
(pl.

lmi'a fontanel {anat.);

^ji

U+Llamafiau

(lama) torail

tomake

kaumi' 2 ) gloss, ahine


,!

faces ( at s.o.)

mutalammi'

radiant,

brilliant,

Jkl

lamaya u (lamf) to

lick
|

one's Ups; to

ahining, lustrous
11

smack
tfikrihi)

one's lips

do.

^fi i^JJ (Wbackbite


s.o.

to speak Ul of
f
,

lamiama to gather, gather up

(*

s.th.)

s.o.,

4U U muiamlima trunk, proboacis (of

lama'a (lam
glitter,

Ui lama'n) to gleam,
flaah,
|

the elephant)
jl lan (oonj.;

twinkle,

sparkle,

gliten,

shimmer, shine

4-ij *i

{bi-saifiki)

to

with

foll.

subj.)

not (referring

brandish the aword; Xj


to

(bi-yadihi)

to the future)

wave

one's hand; jiU- *-lj

j A

(d*

J
his

--u- (eg,)

gadid lang brand-new

frun)

a thought flashed

through

mind

II to cause (* s.th.) to shine, gleam,

jxJ

lundra

London

or twinkle; to ahine (*

s.th.),

give bright-

ness (* to s.th.); to polish (* s.th.); to

jxJ lanaan London


J} (Engl.) lani motorboat
pl. -t

burnish (*

s.th.)

IV to wave (one's hand);

launch, Bmall steamer,

to point out, give to understand, intimate,


insinuate (Jl s.th.), hint (Jl at), allude
(Jl to) VIII to flaah, radiate, glow, ahine;

jl^xJ leningrd Leningrad

to sparkle, glitter, gleam

lahiba a (lahb, lahab,

L+J

luhb,

^A
blaze

A
light

lam' and uLl lama'n luster, sheen,

lahib, jL+J lahabn) to flame,


II

bum,

ahine; shimmer, gleam, glow, brightness,

and IV to

bndle, light set


(*
s.th.);

on Are,

ignite, inflame

to exoite, Btir

v>
up, provoke (* s.th.)

V to

flame; to be
fig.
:

profuse thanks or praises; Ij^iJL


(dar'a) to resort to

*^i

aflame, be ablaze, burn (also

oheek,

humble

pleaa IV oau-

anger, thirst, etc.) VIII = V; to catch


Are, flare up; to be inflamed (also med.)

sative:

JjJU *JU ^1

{lisdnah, htkr)
--l^jl

to

elicit

profuse thanks from s.o. XI

^V

lahab, ^--+1 lahib

and

vW
pl.

*"*-*

h&jja to ourdle, coagulate (milk)


<^i lahja tip of the tongue; tongue;

flame, blaze, flare

L+J lahbn*,

f.

^J

lahb,

^
o^J

manner of speaking; tone;


nacular; language
|

dialect, ver-

lih&b parched with thirst


i^L^JI

t^JUt **^j in

re-

hb kindling,

proachful tone, reproachingly; ^ill


lighting, ignition,

AjJ-i

in violent language, sharply

inflammation

worded

l^J
i^l^ll
iltihdb

b Urning; inflammation
lahada
eiert

JuAja appetizer, hors d'oeuvre

(also med.); in

Compounds corresponding
|

a (Luid)

to overburden, over*

to Engl, "-itis"
bronchitis

^*ill ^L^JI i. aiht'ab

( s.o.)

fi+J
JL41JI

lahdam sharp, pointed


loAaja a {lahf) to slap
iaAt/a

tihbi

inflammatory;

inflamJa+J

mable
_-4L-

muliahib burning, flaming, blazablse;

J^

(laAa/) to sigh

ing,

aflame,

inflamed;
|

heated,
(qufn)

(J*

for s.th.

lost);
s.th.);

to

regret,

deplore,

ezcited, glowing,

aglow

^fL J

lament
fret,

(J

guncotton

to grieve (J* for),

worry

Oj*V

look

up alphabetioally
a
(lahf,

{J* about) V do.; to be eager, yearn (J* for, also J), pant (J* after, also J)
Jt+l lahf regret, grief, sorrow
loll

loAoja

^\+l luMf) to

one's

J^IIj

tongue with thirst or fatigue; to pant,


gasp, be out of breath; to breathe heavily

yd lahfa and
of

Li+J

U yd ioA/d oh, what a

pity! too bad!


genit.
ist

alast

J^J L (with

foll.

per.) oh,

how

^LU
you
t

^U

unfortunate he

(JaA/i) oh,

how

sorry I feel

i^l^l luhf

panting, pant, gasp

i^L^J

for

cjll

I.

al-mavt death rattle, agony of

death
li+l

U4J ioA/a sigh, lament; anxiety, appreheneion, oonoern, worry, sorrow, grief;
lahfn*,
f.

J+J

laht

panting,

yearning t longing, hankering, desire, impatienoe

gasping, out of breath; thirsty

g^J lahija o (lahaj) to be devoted, dedicated

OU+J
lahdf&,

lahfan* ,
.J14J

f.

lahf t

pl.

JlJ

(v to
s.th.),

a.th.),

be attaohed

(v to

s.o.,

to

luhuf sigbing; regretful; sad,

be very fond (^

of),

be in love

sorry, worried, sorrowful, grieved; long*


ing,

(4

with); to be bent, be intent, be keen


on),

yearning
lohif pl.

be eager (^ for), be mad {<-> about, after); to do (-* s.th.) constantly

(v

J-^

L4J lihdf regretful, sorry,

sad, worried, sorrowful, grieved

or fervently

-U* UJL -$J

(fand')

to

xtol

to

fervently; *J~\j speak oonstantly of


s.o.

Z^

{bi-dikrihl,

Ju V Idhif worried, troubled, sorrowful,


grieved, fll of regret

s.o.,

mention
praise;

s.o.'s

n&me

continually

with

JijfL molhf worried, troubled, depressed; apprehensive, conoerned,

j&j

p^J (bi-hthiht) to launoh forth into

anx-

881

ious;

covetous,

eager

(Jl

or J for),

(je-

from) III to approach, be near

( s.o.)

deairoua (Jl or J* of); longing, yearniog


JiIt.

IV

II;
(i-j ((_>

V and VI to amuse
with
in);
s.th.),

o.a.,

pass the

mutalahhif

yeaming, Ionging,

time
light
in

take pleasure, de(je.


<_>

hankering; anxioua, eager, impatient


J4J lahiqa a to be anow-white
jl^J

to seek distraction

a.th.
((_>

from)

VIII do.: to play, toy,

trifle

with

s.th.)

lahlaqa
thirst

to

loll

one'a

tongue

with

j^J

lahw

amusement, entertainment,
^III
|

diversion, distraction, paatime, pleasure,


sport, fun, play

jj> dr all.

and

^j lahima a (lahm, lakam), V and VIII to devour, gobble, awallow up (* s.th.); to

jflJI jTL.1

plaoesof entertainment, amuse-

ment
I4J

centers

consume, deatroy

(*

s.th.;

fire)

IV to
lakh
pl.

olj+l

lahawt,
l+l

0L4J
#L#J

make (
(*

b.o.)

swallow

(* s.th.); to inspire

s.o.

with)

lahayt,

to ask

( s.o.)

for Inspilih*

luhly, lihiy,

lahan,

uvula
j

ration or advice; to aeek to find out (*


s.th.),

try to get (* s.th.); to pray, turn

4^4) lahawi velar (adj.)


al-harfn

b^Ui
the

li^J-i

(*

to

God

for)

al-lahawiyatn

velars

and k
^j lahim and j.^ lahm greedy, covetous, voracious, gluttonous
j.1^1

l^L lattA object of delight;


<^[e. Il+L

comedy

('mmiya) populr farce


pl.

ilhm

pl. -t

inspiration; instinot
(J+

L malhan

*^u maldhin place of

uL mulham
(_^J

inspired

entertainment, amusement oenter ; amuse(lahw) to

and

Lf^)

I4J

lah

amuse

ment, entertainment, fun, diversion,


traction
|

dis-

o.a.,

diatraot o.a., divert o.a., pass or kill


a.th.); to play, toy, dally,
trifle

time (^ with
trifle;

^/^il \ij~" adniissions tax, entertainment tax


^j^L.

to fritter away,
{<j>
o.a.,

away, prattle
time); to

mhan

pl.

maldhin plaything,

away
enjoy

bi-waqtihi

one's

toy ;

pl.

musical instrumenta, also

*il

have fun, have a good time;


i_>

to delight, take pleasure (Jl or

in); to

enjoy, Bavor,
luhiy,

reliflh

(i_>

a.th.);

(^
one's
at-

l^i3 talhiya distraction, diversion, a-

L^J
(j*.

lihyn)

to turn

musement

tention

from); to try to forget, for-

V lhin (with

j*.)

heedlesa, inattentive,

get, give up,

renounce
of);

(je- s.th.),

become
{L4J

inadvertent, oblivious, forgetful

obvious (j*

((_>

^
(j*.

lahiya a

<L mulhin amuBing, entertaining,


verting, pleaaant
j)

di-

lahan) to like, love

((_>

s.th.),

be very

fond
(*_>

(<->

of),

be in love, be infatuated

with), be

mad
of),

about, after); to
from),

lau (conj.)
pothetical

if (as

a rule, introduoing hy|

turn one's attention

become
up, re-

conditional olauBes)

jl

j)

obvious (j*

forget,

give

lau anna (introducing nominal clauses)


if;

nounce (j*
(je- to),

a.th.);

to

pay no attention
II

*^ji

laul if not; \J^j}

if it

weren't

be heedlesa (j* of)


(<_>

to delight,
s.o.

(hadn't been) for ua;

l^i

fl-m lau in

amuse, divert, diatract


divert
( s.o.) (je

with),

case that; jij tva-lau although, though;

s.o.'s ()

attention

(je.

from),

make

even

if ;

Optative partiole)
wiflh
. . . !

if

only

. .

obvious (j*
from), take

of); to keep, divert


s.o.'a ()

would that ...II


he

Im ji I wish

s.o.

mind away

knew

if

he only knew

vjl
UjJ Zbtyd bean
(ejj.)

882

(bot.)

^jL

Uj^J

(feaZodC)

brandish, swing,

wave

(<~>

s.th.);

to turn

cowpea (Vigna
((7.)

sinensis Endl.; bot.);

grey (* the head; of old age); to burn,

jiU- Lj^J

hyacinth bean, lablab (Dol-

tan

s.o.;

sun);
floor)

to plank,
|

lay with

ichos lablab L.; bot.)


LjjJ lbiyd

planks (* the
to

jXj ^ji (bi-yadaihi)

Libya

wave with the hands IV to appear,


;

show, come in sight to shimmer, glimmer,

J^J
1

Jfti

Libyan
,j-L. ,>-

glint, flash, sparkle; to

wave, brandish,

(OjJ) Cj V Iota:
it's

i^i. hinumanpin

flourish,

swing

{* s.th.)
^IjJI

too late to escape

^
n to stain, tarnish,
(lawat) to
;

lauh pl.

alwh,

/yi

alwih*

board, blackboard; slate; tablet; slab;

OjJ
(i*>J)

/< (ej.)

maigre (Sciaena aquila)

plate, eheet;

pane; plank, board; panel;

ktta

u (lauf) and

amall board, signboard; Shoulder blade,

soil, sully (* s.th.);

lawifa a
(l->

scapula
slate;

jljjji r/J (arduwdz) slab of slate,

be dilatory, tardy, slow to hesitate, tarry,


linger

O O

^** rj) (muja'ad) corrugated

V to be or get

stained, blotted,

iron; jJU;I r>J block of ice; OjJj- rj) aheet iron;

tarnished, Boiled, sullied

with) VIII to

^U-j rj
iJj*i*

l.

zujj sheet of glass,

be dilatory, tardy, slow; to be obscure,


confused, complicated (J* for
JjJ

pane;

rji (mvtaharrik) spring-

board
s.o.)

(in

sports);

J.U.

rj

(ma'dini)
;i*UI

metal

plate,

metal

sheet;

rj

Jaufa stain, blot, spot


lfa

windowpane
fatigue,
~**-J

jjJ

languor,

lassitude,

laxia pl.

-t,

^\J\ alwh board;


slab;
plate,

faintness ; passion, weakness (j for, also

blackboard;
sheet;

slate;

tablet;

with

foll.

genit.: for)

*$J

(*j)

be

is

pane;

panel;

plaque;

plane,

little

crazy, he has

a bee

in his bonnet

surface; screen; placard, poster; picture,

wi^fl*

mulawwa{

stained, blotted, tar-

painting

^1/1

U^J

l.

al-ism doorplate,

nished, aoiled, sullied, unclean; stricken

name
id.);

plate; mJj^\
LtloJI

**-ji

switchboard

(d.,
*-j}

with cholera, pestilence,

4-ji

checkerboard; i-ij

etc.

(zaitiya) oil painting; Ij^- 4-ji (saitd')

d^UL mvlit mentaily oonfused

gj

(Fr. logt) lj pl. -t, ^\ji\ alwj (theater)

blaokboard; bulletin board; jkiJl **~J a3 -Safran j chessboard; l. SjUSsII **-^J


slate; WTiting tablet;

box, lge; (masonic, etc.) lodge

blaokboard

(rJ)

r^

^a u

^IjJ

lawwh withering, singeing, paroh

Ct*A) * Ppear, show, loom,


in

ing, soorching

emerge,
viaible

come
(J to

sight;

to

become
jlj
taltvih pl. -t

s.o.);

to break, begin to
shine,

beckoning, waving,
sign,
signal,

Bhow (dawn); to
flash,

gleam,

glint,

flourishing,

brandishing;

shimmer,

glimmer,

sparkle;

to

wink, wave; allusion; hint, intimation,


insinuation;

seem, appear; to wither, singe, paroh,


scorch; to tan
( s.o.;
.

metonymy;

pl. hints,

ref-

sun)

jl

J rjh

it

erences; remarks, annotationa, marginal

seems to

me that
II

. . ;

apparently

to

-jh L J* as it seems, make a sign, beckon,


s.o.

notea
4**i
l'iha
pl.

-,
bill,

wave

(l-

J or Jl to
(<_>

with); to signal;
(<_>

program, project;
parliament);

\J motion

law'x*
(eap., in

to allude

to), hint

at), intimate,

Order,

decree,
pl.

edict;
i^ljJ

or-

insinuate (- J to s.o. s.th.), give (_ J


s.o.

dinance; regulation, rule;

out|

s.th. )

to

understand

to

flourish,

ward appearance,

looks,

outward sign

V
Jy\i i*V, o>UJl
^^i-JI

U^

bill,

draft law; train


f.

(i^)

i "V lfa

{lauf) to stick, oling,

adhere

**V

I.

as-safar

timetable,

(i_i

to); to coat

with olay, to plaster (*

sohedule, railroad guido;


af-fa'm (yr.)
ap-jL

fLUI **V

a wall)
JjJ lf

menu,

bill

of fax

Lot

(Biblical

name)

mulawwika

signal,

semaphore
^L^J
lff

sodomite, pederast

(railroad)
j-liL

mudA sun-tanned, sunburned


u
(lauf, \ji liwf, lawf, luwf,

l*\jl

liwt

and

1U_>J

liwfa sodomy,

pederasty
(ijl)

lfa

jU
(l_>

liy&)

to take refuge, seek aheiter


in s.th.), have reoourse,

(f-^J)

f-V l'a

(lau') to

be orbecome
ill;

reative,

with

impatient; to become

to seize ve-

s.o.,

reeort

(^

to); to

keep close
s.th.)

(->

to),

ob-

hemently,
sick
{

overwhelm,

torment,

make
sun)

s.o.;

serve religioosly

love); to tan {* s.o.;

(<-

II to torture,

torment, agonize VIII to be


languishing
(with

j^
jj

maldf refuge, protection; shelter;

burning,

inflamed,

asylum, sanctuary; proteotor

love, longing);
(

to feel burning anxiety

l'if

one seeking shelter or pro-

J*

for s.o.)

tection, refugee

pjJ lau'a

ardor of love, amorous rappain, grief, anguish,

9jji

and

ijJ aee f-J

ture, lovesiokness;

anxiety, torment, torture, agony


j_^ Zur lyre
f-LJI

iltiya

burning, enrapturednesa;

>jji (Engl.) Jon* pl. -<K lord

burning anxiety, anguish; agony, pain,


Buffering

,Sjjl (Engl.) lorry,

truok
f-j")L

mulwi'

cunning,

artful, wily,

jji II to stuff with

almonda

(* s.th.); (eg.) to

crafty, sly

form

bolla (cotton)

jj

lauz almond(s) (ooll.); (eg-) patoh

ol^JjUjJ lgritmt logarithms

(on a shoe)
bolla; jjli\

jLl
|

jj

l.

al-qufn ootton
boll weevil

'("-J^J

<-J

lfa

(lauf)

to

eat,

ohew

ijp ddat

al-l.

(* s.th.)

jji lauxa pl. -<K

almond; UjjDI the

tonailB

(anoi.)

OojjUl

*<J*jl
l=JI

lf luffa,

dishcloth gourd (Luffa cybot.)

i.

aj-

lindrica

lauzatain tonsillitis

Roem;

jj^J
(adj.)

bnai

almond-shaped,

almond

3jL milwaq

pl. j_j">L

maiwiq 1 spatula

H4^>

iJ'V

lka

(lauk) to

ohew

(* s.th.);
(*);

W) ^V W u
(^J) Ufa u
like)

(toi) to taste

to talk constantly about s.th.

to

bring
(laut)

into

discredit
|

(our*
iJ

sum'atah
(kalm) to

to

peep,

peer,

pry

s.o.'s

reputation)

p^fjl

(through a ohink in the door, or the


III do. ( for h.o.); to etare,

be inhibited in one's speech, stammer,


express
41J
is
"V
I

gaze

o.s.

imperfeotly;

jill

JI_$Ji

(*

or Jl at s.th.); to look firmly, un-

*Tjij (alaina)

the question whioh

flinehingly {* or Jl at s.th.); to dupe,

on everyone's Ups;
say,

jJ VI
what

*S^U
is

U (owun)
generally

oheat, deceive
ij*

( s.o.)

j 'iL. mulwif sly, cunning, wily

what people rumored

dj)

*$j V and *j V look up alphabetically


-lT>J (It.

OjJ

II

to variegate, dapple,
s.th.);

make
tinge,

colorful

(*

to

color,

tint,

paint,

locanda)

and

.ci^J

lhmda

pl. -5i

daub
to

(m

s.th.);
etc.)

to

make
color,

up,

rouge (*

inn; hotel

the face,
tJljJ

to be colored or tinted;

i_J^ laulab
Spiral

pl.

ZawKb* acrew; spiral;


spring,
(fig.)

color,
;

change

become

dis-

spring,

coil

extension

colored
fickle

to be colorful, variegated ; to be

spring; spring; axle;

mainspring,

pivot point

^J laun pl. jl^jl

alwn oolor; coloring,


shade
;

^ji
helical

laulabi
j

screw-Bhaped ;

spiral,

tint,

tinge,

hue,

oomplezion

*ij*J

^WV

(zuhariya)

kind, Bort, specimen, species; dish, course;


pl.

spiroohetes, syphilogenous bacteria; r-jj


^J^J (aaraj) Bpiral staircase
l

(with foU. genit.)


a.

all all

kinds of kinds

01,11

<*J^I
l_jJ^I

al-afima

of food;

^iliit

mujptatif

al-a.

variegated,

{fjJ)

f'i'

J*"ia

w {Zaum, #iU malm,


blame,
censure,

'**$*

multicolored,
<ij^JI

motley,

varied,

various;

malma)

to

rebuke,

chide, scold, reproach (J or

J*

s.o. for)

J*- jatl altvnah to bring out the different aspects of s.th., point up
s.th.,

II to censure sharply, reprove,


( s.o.)

reprimand

make

s.th.

stand out

IV

I;

V to blame

o.b.; to tarry,
ij^J

linger,

with

s.th.),

take one's Urne (j or J* in or procrastinate, temporize,

Zaun colorful, colored, color- (in

Compounds), chromatic
jijIj talwin coloring

hedge VI to blame each other VIII to be


censured, be blamed

to deserve blame,

j>L midawwan
ful,

colored, tinted, color-

be blameworthy, reprehensible

many-colored,

variegated,

kaleido-

ajJ

laum and <*jJ lauma censure, rebuke,

scopio

reproof, blame, reproach


l*jj

jk mutalaivwin colored, tinted many;

luwama and

a'jJ

laicwm severe

colored, multicolored; iridescent, opalescent, scintillating ; changeable, inconstant,

censurer, stern critic; censorious

fj^malwim* censure, rebuke, reproof, blame,


reproach
Sji; talwlm censure, rebuke, reproof
s*} l'im pl. *j)

a^U malm and i*^U malma

unsteady; whimsical, capricious,


pl.

fickle

jij

(eg.)

lawingi and

ji /j

lwingl attend-

ant, bath attendant


*jf^J

lawingiya housekeeper,

woman

luwwam,

*\jl

luivwm,

attendant, servant, housemaid


\jjji (It.

J luyyam

censurer, critic, accuser


pl.

lavanda) laxcand lavender

liJjiJI

1/ l'ima

^Ij)

lau&im* censure,
j^J

lavender water
laic
i

rebuke, reproof, blame, reproach (J layy,

&J

luwiy) to

tum

(*

ajL malm, -L ma/im and c^U mulm censured, blamed blameworthy, rep;

s.th.); to
flex,

crook, curve (* s.th.); to bend,


(*

bend up, down, back or over

rehensible

s.th.);

to twist, contort, wrench, warp

bLjJ lmn penitentiary, penal servitude


^yfUjJ

(* s.th.); to distort, pervert (* s.th.); to

turn

(*

the

head),

turn away,

avert

lmnji convict, inmate of a

(*

the face); to turn around,


to s.th.), face (J*

tum

(J* to
to

penitentiary

b.o.,

s.o.,

B.th.);

^J
tbink back (J* od), recall (J* a.th.); to care, bother (J* about), pay attention
or heed
(

\ji

Uw*

pl. *j_ji\

alwiya, oL^JI alunyt

banner,

flag,

Standard;
Ir.);

brigade

{m.;

J*
of

to)
s.o.,

UJt <j
baokbite

^J
i.o.;

{liana) to

U.A.R., Leb.,

major general {m.;

speak

ill

J*

,j;jL

V
be

U.A.R.); rear admiral {Eg.); province,


district {Ir.;

not

to

oare

about

anything,

the country
|

is

subdivided

utterly reokleas;

{d layy,

layyn)

into 14 Aji)
{Ir.);

I^UI

jul brigadier general

to conceal, keep Beeret (je * a.th. from


s.o.);

tfjr
jJt*

\ji

(jawwi) air-foroe brigade;


&.)

twist,
(*

Jawiya a (j^J

iawan) to be

.1^1

{liw'a

to found, Start,

orooked, ourved, bent; to writhe, twist;


to wind, coil II to bend, bow, ineline,
tilt,

originate, produoe, oauae, arouse,


s.th.;

provoke
*tjU1
. . .

...JI^^
the

UjljJ

ajA\

wrench, contort, tum, crook,


s.th.)
;

(liivauhd)
{_

admiral's
'

flagship

ourve

to

pervert,

distort,

rm^\) V' *L^


fame

^ *** u^*^

^A

' vl-majd

complicate (*

s.th.)

IV to turn, twist,
(<-

{un-napr) approx.: he
laurel of

was awarded the

bend, orook, curve


avert (je a a.th.

or * s.th.); to

(of viotory)
{zool.)

from); to

wave

(.u

ly

laww' wryneck

bi-yadihl one's hand); to hoist (* a flag);

to

take away,
|

put away, remove


j,j}\

(<-<

tfjl.

milwan

pl.

j "&* malwin Spanner,


(of

a.th.)

.^ill

L*

to avert,

pre-

wrench;
menta)
*\j^\

peg

stringed

instru-

vent, restrain s.th. (je from), oheek, curb


s.th.

to be twisted, winding, tortuous,

tiw*

curvedneBB,

curvature;

sinuous, bent,

orooked; to be turned,

bend, twist, tortuosity, sinuosity, curve;


crookedness, wryness; perverseness, absurdity
|

be twisted; to turn, twist, wind, meander,


ooil;

to

writhe,

wriggle,

squirm;

to

display shrewdness and eunning Till to

^j VI

*\j& t. al-anf unevenesa

of the terrain
l.l^JI iliiw'a (n. vic.) pl. -i

be ourved, crooked, bent; to be turned, be twisted to twist, warp, get contorted,


;

a bending,
in

get bent out of shape; to turn

off,

tum

flexing, twist (e.g., of the

body

danc-

away; to tum one'B baok (je on


to

s.th.);

ing)

be

or

beoome

difficult,

involved,
s.o.)

intrioate,

complioated ( J* for

ing
for
|

/i lwin pl. i\J luwh turning, twistwithout regard J* jV s* reoklese of


,

J
:*.*
I I

layy bending, twist(ing), tum(ing)

(eg.)
JJl

the

flexible

tube of the

ijjL.

malwiy crooked, ourved, bent;


warped,
contorted;

narghile;

j*

^i-l J^*j

{ya'rifu

l-hay
in

twisted,

winding,

ya) he doesn't know enough to come

me&ndering, tortuous, sinuous; perverted, wrong, absurd

out of the

rain,

he wouldn't know a snake

from a sarden hose

j=L muitawin
*J

j^L.

layya

pl.

jjJ

liwan

bend, fold,
,jjd.

flezure, twist, tortuosity, sinuosity, turn,

muitawan

pl. -i

tum (of the road),

curve
j_jj

curve; curvature

lawan

pl.

*\J\

aho' gripes, oolio;


|

ui

and

*J aee

j^J

agony, pain, hardship


(la'w') to die

IjSlj

l_jJVI

^-l*

a thousand deaths
*\J\

VJ
alwiya

liyy'
(zool.)

mackerei

Bhark,

porbeagle

^ji liwan

pl.

aliod',

^JI

ourvature

\jjj libary Liberia

^J
UJ oJ
llbiy Libya;

^J

libi

Libyan

JtJ

II

to rub with palm fibers (* s.th.)

T
laa and
foll.

to form fibers,

become
n. un.
|

fibrous
pl.

l yd iatta (particle, with


suffix)

noun in aco. or personal


if

would

JaJ

lif (ooll.;

JiUI alyf
(Mtu) oooo

God!
muttu

only...I

li-ajliha

ilUV c- J=J laiianl would God I had died for


|

fibers, fibrils,

hast

jx* JmJ

fibers, ooir;

ul^ll JiUl a. al-kattn flaz

you! La S"
if

<lJ

I wieh he were hexe!

fibers

only he were herel v-^X OK* c-J L

UJ
palm

({/a

(n. un.)

ber,
as

fibril;

tuft of
|

{ya4habu) I wiah he had gone! jy^i


('ri) I

cJ

fibers

used

brush

J
fi-

wish

knew

...

*^>^l
JJ
brous

bath sponge,

luffa
Zi/dnl

i^-j Zurjiya

pl. -t liturgy

lifi

and

JUJ

fibered,

U\jiJ lltuwniy Lithuania

OJ;
jl>~J lituwnl Lithuanian

talayyuf

fibration,

fibrillation;

oirrhosis (med.)

iLJ

lait pl.

i-^J Juyti{ lion

(jJ)

3H

laga

i (laiq) to befit,

beoome (y

iU
ij*J

see J^J

be proper, seemly (^ for s.o.), be suitable (cj to s.o.), be worthy (*_* of


s.o.), pl.

Jird

and 5jJ rtm


j

-dt

pound

(aa

s.o.);

to be suited, appropriate,
fit

fit

(^

monetary unit)

jjd&l i^J (ingtzlya)

for B.th.); to

(garment)
liyaq tuft of ootton or
is

pound
1

Sterling

UJ
silk

Oqa

pl.

jj

crJ
-i

laisa (without imperf.) not to

be (with

threads

whioh

inserted

in

an

or acc. a.th. or
intensified

s.o.);
|

not to exiat;
^1

inkwell; putty; clay; mortar

(=

V) not

(iWd)

5U liyqa propriety, seemlineas, suitableness; deoorum, deoenoy; capability,

terminating a sentence: only, and no

more, and nothing


(siw)
**JJ'

eise;

jj*

nothing but, only, merely;


t>

^ ^

skiU; effloienoy, oompetence; worthiness,


merit, desert; oorreot behavior, blameless

^
Jj

J* there

truth in

it;

J*i*

not only not


to

but
posseas;

^
J
UJ

is

not a grain of
{faqaf, hol)

oonduot,

good

manners

Ulb

Jjt

also;

^
*i

^ ^

(mvfci) improper, unseemly,

unbeoom-

not to have,

ing
jJi

we

don't

alya^ more

suitable,
fitter

more ap-

have anything; l
to
...,

,^-J

he has no right
j* ^pJ

propriate,

more proper,

(^

for)

he
.

mustn't...;
. . ,

not to
. . .

belong to
dJJiT (with

have nothing to do with

jS "i ISiq suitable, appropriate, proper,


befitting,

^1 a-laisa ka-&ikl isn't it boT; v and partioiple) to be unable to,


CJ
tofu
bi-f'ilin I oan't

beooming, seemly ; suited, adapt-

ed,

fit;

worthy, deaerving
nighttime, night
(as

JLu
*

do

it

JgJ

lau (uaually m.)

cP

laya a

(Jayas) to

be valiant, brave,

opposed to
layli (*yr.)

jLfl

daytime);

pL

D JU

oonrageona

a certain vooal
|

laan at night

^1
lis

alya*,

f.

.L-J

fciwd*,

pl.

^J

jL^ JJ laa

style; ^1 nahm day

an<) night
LI

valiant, brave, oourageoua

laa

pl.

-dt,

JU

hyalin,

Jj'U

^JLJ (Fr. licenee) llsaru the aoademio degree


of a licentiate

laytf? night (as opposed to pj); eve-

ning;

Boiree;

iLUI

al-laata

tonight

887

uJ
j+J laimn,

UL***j

<JU

jw

(un-^uAdAd)

overnight;

Umn

(n.

un.

pl. -t

lemon

^-.1 <LJ laiiata

amai

last night;

yesterday
oharity

,j*U- j^-J Urne; >*JJI v'.r1

Awd aW

evening

*ij-*-

<LJ

(fcairtya)

lemonade
Hu^J)

soiree, benefit performanoe; jtjJI

I.

ad-dujfia

wedding night;

i-*ilj

J
<JlJ

soiree

0^

Jona

{n,

layn) to be or
mild, pliable,

dansante, evening dance; *j*\j

glam-

beoome
soften,

soft, tender, gentle,

orous evening party; Li Li


soiree of vooal music;
*^LJ

J J

(Ald'tya)
{lail'*)

flexible, supple; to yield, give

way; to
un-

relent,

oalm down; to beoome


|

dark night

-^U

J j in the dark of night,


I.

milder, friendlier

jd>.

inflexible,

underooverofthe night; jXH\ J


or #LJl

al-qadr

bending
o.b.

4jU j V

(qantuh) to
relent,

show
in

I.

ai-gaff*

the night in which,

oompliant,

yield,

give

according to aura 07, the Koran was


revealed,

II

and IT to

soften, relax (* s.th.); to

celebrated between the 26th

plaoate, soothe, allay, mitigate, assuage,

and 27th of Ramadan;


in

g\jA\

temper,
*.

moderate
kind,

(*

s.th.)
(

III

to

be
to
(

al-mi'r&j the night of the 27th of

Rajab

gentle,

friendly

to

s.o.);

whioh the Prophet made hia journey


<Jui

treat
s.o.)

with

kindness

and lenienoy

through the seven heavena;


<L>L*Jl
/.

niff ai-Sabn the night

between

jd

ttn

softnesa;

tenderneas;

tender
pli-

the 14th and 16th of Shaban, when, according to populr


tree
belief,

treatment;

gentleneas;

flexibity,

the heavenly

ableness, suppleness; yieldingness,

com-

of

life

is

shaken,

shedding

the

pliance, tractability ; pliancy, smoothness;

leaves of those
*LLJl

who

will die

nezt year;

diarrhea

>ILJI <>J softoning

of the bones,

/.

an-nuqfa the night of June

osteomalioia {med.); iL\ jJ tractability,


dooility;
,>ill

17th (the llth day of the Coptio

month

>-Jjj-

the "soft" letters

Ba'na) when, aocording to populr belief,

a miraculoufl drop
causing

falls

from heaven,
riae

thus

the

annual

of the

,>J

layyin

pl.

-n,

h-Jl

alyin**

and

NUe
JLlJ

lain pl. -n soft; flabby, feeble; tender;

gentle; flexible, pliable, yielding; pliant,


lailata'idin (in) that night; (on)

supple, resilient, elastio, traotable


55u j*)l
I.

j0

that evening

ai-'ariha mild-mannered, gentle-

JJ

lai nooturnal, nightly; of night,

hearted; jLl
docile,

jJ

traotable, manageable,
*Jj

night- (in Compounds); evening (adj.)

obedient; jJ

(bafnuh)

he

$-* JT JJ lail .^J J* (^m) kuun yabH (yufanni) 'ald


|

a woman's name

suffers

from diarrhea
luyna softnesa; tenderness; gen|

iljj

lailhu everyone sings his

as

he pleases, follows

own tun, does his own fancy;

tleneas; flexibity, pliability, suppleness


l-JU-I

jJ

sociabity,

oompanionable-

}Lii y~j ^Oj JT {yadda'i toaflan) everybody claims to be the ohosen one, every-

nesB, compliance, yieldingness, traotab-

ity
iij^A*

one brags in his own way

mtdyana
muiayyin

friendliness, kindness

>*J

see

J
,>L
aoftening,

emollient;

dJ (Engl.) laak

lilao

dissolvent,

diluent; aperient, cathartic,

laxative; CjI-L laxatives

OU

ttmn
tiary

pl.

-t

harbor,

port;

peniten-

see j_J

u*
L.

( "j-^ y^t

"'S'ji)

Ine, Ltd.

hardly

...

as long as
p fnafor

what? after prepositions: * Jl ttt mo whereto? where? whioh way t whither?


f,

when ...; 6. (conjunotion) U- o.i L. m dumtu hayyan


|1

as long as I live;
not, unless;

L.

bi-ma with what? wherewitht


f

m fom so long as

...

8.

whenever; aa far
|

as, to
L.

K-mo

why? wherefore?
to whioh point?
I

J AoOd mo how far?

the extent or degree that ^jili Jilj

(tnUotnl l-furaf) (whenever opportunities

oame
pronoun) whatt
|

my

way,

i.e.)

whenever I had a

tn<I

1. (interrogative

Chance
11

li-m
liL.

why? wherefore?
(on earth)? il
ifl

ma-rf

for what reason? what (on earth)? tili U-m-j


L.

juL. m-bain anteohamher, anteroom


(of the Turldsh Sultan); chief
lain's

ohamher-

why
(with
for?

what' the matter


.L<

ofBce

(in

Ottoman Turkey)

with yout what


foll.

verb)

itT J L., ji L. etc., why? whereforeT what...


I,

and jL. See


L<

_>.

why

should

should you, eto.t

<

(Fr. matinie) mtinih matinee

llljj cJl L. m anla wa-^ka what's that to yout what has this to do with you?

oL j-L.
j^
-L.

see jj.

what do you know about that?

tlj-\

mjisUr master, Bohoolmaster


pl. jr^-\j.

ajmaiah how handsome he l L< jf Jl maffala'umaral howexcellent

jjiL. mkr

mawktr' house of

ill

Omar

is!

2.

(relative

pronoun) that
jL.

repute, brothel

which, what; something which; wbatever, all that


...
|

mr Mar,

lord {Chr ., preoeding the

namea

.LS

L.

see .LS;

L.

lyi"

of saints), Saint

kaflran

not aeldom, as often as not,


Lt

very often; <J


...

&i>md

/[Ai ineluding...

^jU

mors Maroh (month)

;oI .Li.1 ,> jrf L, (n#r< l-mu'ahada) the taot that the agreement has been signed, the agreement having
inclusive;

U-jL. mrittn lunatio asylum


,^SjLt

been signed;
foll.
Li

muri maroh (mtu.)


mriUl marshal,
{jamA)
air
field

8.

(indefinite

pronoun)
JLSjL.
|

an

indefinite

noun: some, a oertain

marshal

JLSjL.

jm

li-amrin

beoause of aomething

dj-r

marshal (formerly, a
for the

or
L<

other,
L<jj

tbr some reaaon or other; yauman m some day, aometime

rank reaerved ezclusively

King;

in the future;
(in)

4.

(negation) not
J.

not

(intensified);

. .

jl
.

L.

m an
.

jl

L.

JLSjU mriStiya manhaloy. rank or


Position of
iljL

a "^rehal

hatt

no sooner had he

than
VI

.. ,

he

had hardly... when...;


i-iiul hiya Oi
foll.

jl

j.

mark

pl. -i

L.j

mark (monetary

Unit)

an

or jl VI

y Lj (with

,y
L.j

iSS'j\*

markai Marxist

verh in perfeot) before long he...,


...;

preeently

wa-m hiya Uli an hatt no sooner had he ... than ..., he had

J~

then, thereupon; VI

4_5jL.

marhnya Marxism
pl.

jl

VjL marin

-St

mark,

sign,

token

T,L.

5jjL< ifijriya)

trade-mark

JjjL mrnt pl. *Jjl^ mawrina Maronite (ad], and n.)

ply ; brden, encumbrance, inconvenience


trouble, pains, efFort
|

<j*- j* (karblya)

war material

OjjU mzt mazut (residue


used as a
fuel),

in oil distlation, JJL. ee iJU

heavy

oil

below

^U

ms and <-U m*a


^.L.

(for

^Ul) diamond
attributively)
pipe,

^U T7ianp
tl^jfiU

mango, mango

tree (bot.)
(zool.)

m diamond (used
pl.

mangost mongoose, iohneumon

IjjJi

mara

jj-Ij*

maMxwir 1

^Ul

(Fr. la

Manche) al-mni the English

tube; hose; pipestem; water pipe, water

Channel
LJ^iL mnliy magnolia
(bot.)

main; gun barrel; conduit, conduit pipe;


pipeline (esp., for
oil)

tj^jL

mnawi Maniohaean
i_yl*

^-U

(Fr.

macon) msn Freemason

mnawiya Maniohaeism, dooManes


manufaotured
goods,

ki^-L.

masnt freemasonio, masonio

trineB of
ejjj'LiJU

SJ^-L msniya Freemasonry

mniftra

iUU

mit'jfe

pl.

iUi^. mauxSitfc8 tongs,

fire

dry good, textilea

tongs
JL. ma'iga a
dl*

j'-.y
(

mnifist manifest,

list

of a ship's

jU

ma'aj) to sob
jl ma'gin inner comer

cargo

ma*q

pl.

BCjL fnnikn,
t

(also

ETyU mdnJtfn)

pl.

of the eye
*jL ma'ga sobbing, sob

mannequin, fashion model

iL*L.

mhiya

pl.

-t

quality,

quiddity,

j^*

mf

pl. i3L.T

mq inner comer of

essence,

nature;

salary,

inoome;

pay

the eye

(m.)
jj^-jL* (It. maea/ro) myistr maestro, con-

^LT"U (Ft. maquiUage) mkiyi faoe painting,

make-up
i-fl* ntktna
pl.
-*,,

ductor

,^K-

maJfc'wi

machine

jU or

*1*

mi'a
|

pl.

<jjl>

mi'n, oll mi'f

hundred
*JJU malfa Malta
tfjl*

ilil

per cent

mi'awi and ^JU mi'tn centes|

^jUU motyi Maltese

(adj.

and

n.)

imal, centigrade; percentile, percentual


r

tfjZ*

Xj.

id)

lOOth

anniversary,
jjJL*-

oen-

LJ^JU

mWnfcWy or LJ^-JU mlikliy

tennialj

'*j*

or

(nw&a)
centi-

melancholia

percentage;

^l*

**-J J

(dara/a)

LL

ma'nta'a to bleat (aheep)


(ma'n) to sustain, supply with
( a.o.)

grade (thermometer)

L ma'amo a

^jU my May
^jL- (Fr. maiUot)

provisions, provision, victual

my and

jjU

myh tights

iL

ma'na

pl.

ma'awit,

jj- mu'n

C-* TRoMa

(matt) to spread, extend, Stretch

navel, umbiliouB; umbilioal region


Sj_J*

{* s.th.); to seek to
pl.

estabsh a link

(Jl

wm'na and j_J* mo*na

to

s.o.,

i^t

by

marriage), enter into re-

mu'an

provisions, food; stre, stock; sup-

lations (Ji with); to be related,

become

890

related

by marriage
(Jl);

(Jl to),

marry into

modities, merchandise; furniture; imple-

thefamily of

to belong (Jl to); to be


|

ments, Utensils, household effecte; baggage, luggage, equipment, gear; useful


artiole, artiole

assooiated, be connected (Jl with)


Jl Lti {bi-pilatin) to
s.o.,

*i*

have

olose tiea

with
to

of everyday uee; things,

be related (by marriage) to


s.th.,
*J

s.o.;

objecto, stufF,

odds and ends

t>*JI

f\i*

be connected with
a.th.;

have to do with

m.

al-'ain delight of the eyes; fll .Li-

LJl t->yb

C-* (bi-aqrabi p-pila)


s.o.

aaqaf al-m. scrap, waste, discard, refuse;


<rai^t}\ ic/J/l (Saktya) personal belong -

to be most intimately connected with


<T

U mtta dose

ties;

family

tiea,

kinahip
well

ings; 1^11 f-bu


*z*\

m. al-mar'a cunnus

(anat.)

wu mataha a
(* water)

amta' % more enjoyable, more de-

(math) to

draw from a

lightful; recreative, recreational


&\z*\

imt*

pleasure,

delight,

gratifi-

J mitr

pl. jLl.1

am&Ir meter (measure of

oation (which s.th. afibrds)


mzjc"

length)
tamattu'
t.

enjoyment

ic"

^1

tjJU

muri

metric(al)

ashum
machine

participating certifioates, shares

J^Jljl* (Fr. mitraieuae) mrliyz

entitling the holder to participation in

gun
s* mota'a a (mat
r
,

the net profit without the right to vote


&\lui^l

istimia

enjoyment

love

of

4i*

mvt'a)

to

carry

away, take away

(.-

a.th.);
|

(9yu mut*)
(<-

pleasure, epicureanism

to be strong, firm, solid


it

jl^l *ju (nahr)

m'L mdti' long

was broad daylight, the sun was high

*u mumatti'

pleasant, delicious, enjoy-

II to

make

( s.o.)

enjoy
(i_j

a.th.);

to

able, delightful, gratifying


lc

furnish, equip, supply

s.o.

with);

to give as compensation (*

U to a divorced
God grant him
life; j~*J\

mumatta*
{<-

enjoying

(<-

s.th.),

in

woman

posaession
a.th.)
|

of)
delioiouB, enjoy-

Zi\

**z*

enjoyment thxoughout his


enjoy

s.

mii

mwmti* pleasant,

(bapara) to gratify the eye IV to


( s.o.)
(<_j

make
ij

able, delightful, gratifying; interesting

s.th.);

to have the to enjoy,

maiuna u

{li\i*

matna) to be

firm,

usufruot (v of
savor, relish
i*i*
(l-<

s.th.) s.th.)

Y and X

strong, solid II to
(*
s.th.)
;

make

firm or strong
oonsolidate,

to

strengthen,

mut'a

pl.

>! muto' enjoyment,


gratification ;

fortify (* s.th.)

pleasure,

delight,

reorea-

JU matn

pl.

oju mutvn,
flg.);

jli*

mitn
of

tion; compensation paid to a divorced

woman

(Ja/.

Law);

(also **d\

X) muta,
time

half, or side, of

the back; back

(esp.,

animals, but also

temporary marriage, usufruot marriage


contracted
for

part ;

body
etc.),

(e.g.,

main of a dooument or
main
thing,
footnotes,

specified

and
recre*

Journal,
tations,

aside

from

anno-

exclusively for the purpose of sexual

text (of a tradition, as

pleasure

(Ist,

Law)

J*dl

jTUI

distinguished from the isnd; of a book,


as distinguished from the

ation centers
?\z*

commentary;
or
literary

mata*

pl.

icJ amJt'a enjoyment,


gratifioation;
life;

also,

in

general,

nguistio

pleasure,

delight,

objeot
ohattel,

text);

middle

of the

road,

roadway,
J

of delight; necessities of

pavement; surface; deck of a ship

possession, property; goods, wares,

com-

0"

J* aboard

(a hip or airplane)

881

J^
(^
(l,*

j*wJI

W
jCi

JU J*
(>

(m. -ftaAr)
(

by sea, aea-bome;
air,

, * s.o., s.th. to);


(i-

to punish severely, to maim, mutilate

J*

-AatwT) through the

treat harshly
s.o.)
;

s.o.);

air-borne

to represent piotorially or graph(*, s.o., s.th.), pioture,


s.o.,

matn and ^iu matt

firm, strong,

ioally,

show

de-

solid

piot, desoribe (*,

B.th.);

to portray,
(

paint
li
ity,
will,

( s.o.),

soulpture a bust or statue


( s.o.,

matna flrmnesB, strength,

solid-

of

s.o.);

to represent

* s.th.); to

hardiness; will power, strength of

aot (on stage or soreen), appear as an


aotor; to play, aot (\jji dauran a part

determination, baokbone, firmness


character,
fortitude;

of

suooinotness,

or role), star (Ijj in a role); to stage,

conoiseness of style

perform
{ehem.)
|

(*

a play); to form, oonstitute

^cJ
tion

tamttn

strengthening, consolida-

make
s.o.
1.

J-^" gJ.\ *j Ji* {ahux'a t.) to a dreadful ezample of s.o., punish


III to

with utmost oruelty


* s.th.),

resemble

rnat

(interrogative

partiole)

whenT
(

at whftt timeT

how long T
ever
<ili*
|

J* Jl and J*

s.o.,

be or look

like s.o. or

tili

whenT

s.th.
(*,
*

(*,

), be similar, bear a likeness

2.

(oonjunotion) when, when(*, *

to); to oorrespond,

be analogous

L*

J* whenever

to

s.o.,

to s.th.); to compare, liken

mafdf cream, oosmetio


tt

(*^

s.o. to)
o.a.
(<->

to

make
to

o.s. similar, as;

similate
Ji. mafala
s.o.),

(l,*

s.o.)

to

beoome

(Jy*

muffiZ)
like

to resemble
s.o.
(),

similar
(._>),

to),

beoome
s.o.,

like s.o. or s.th.

be or look

bear a
( s.o.);

follow

(y
(._>);

s.th.),

take after

likeness ( to); to imitate,

oopy

s.o.

or
s.o.

s.th.
(l,*);

to take

on the shape
absorb
(*

to compare, liken
resent, for

(y

s.o. to);

to rep-

of

to

assimilate,

mean, signify

(*

s.th.),

stand baina

s.th.);

to

do

likewise,

imitate,
(<_>

oopy
s.th.,

(*); to

stand ereot

(*jJo

,jo

(i^ s.o., s.th.);

to imagine, fanoy
s.o.

yadaihi before
before
s.o.
;

s.o. in audienoe),
o.s.

appear
to pr-

with

and verb;

to do s.th.); to get

to present

to

e.o.

an idea

(* of); to give or

quote as an
(<~>

sent itself to the eye, be on view ; to plant


c*b.,

ezample, ose as a simile


quote, oite
(*_>

s.th.);

to

stand; to step forth, oome forward,


appear,

a verse); to present
visible,

itself,

enter,
(esp.
-iil

make

one's

appearanoe
|

be represented, be

find

Visual

of an aotor, on the stage)

Jl*

ezpreasion (j in); to embody, personify,


(im)personate, typify (* s.th.); to Btand
ereot,

iSH (>! &. yadayyi l-malik) have an audienoe with the king,
reeeived in audienoe

to

by the
(t->

king;
s.o.);

u u

(mafl) to
(mafl,
(<~>

maim, mutilate
mvfia)
s.o.);

be

appear
s.o.)

(4>.u

,>j

baina

yadaihi

before

VI to resemble eaoh other,

be

alike,

go together, agree, matoh; to


|

lli-

to

ample
mttfflZ)

of

in

make an ezmafvia u (Jji.


(4j.o

reoover (j* from)


(Hf') to be

Ulli Jl or Ulli

JJU"

on the way to reoovery

to stand, appear
s.o.

ju baina

Till to take as a model or

an ezample,

yadaihi before

audienoe) II to

imitate, oopy, follow (* s.th.); to submit,

make

(* s.th.) like s.th. eise (y),

make

subjeot
(*

o.s. (J

to

s.o.,

to s.th.); to obey

{* s.th.) similar,

analogous

(*~>

to); to

an Order)
Ji*

assimilate

(frtoZ.);

to givo or quote as
s.th. of, also * s.th.

an ezample
of),

(J

*->

mi

pl.

Jlul amil s.th. similar, s.th,

ezemplify (J
(*_>

y with s.th. s.th.), use as

of the same kind; resemblance, similarity,


similitude, likeness; Image; quivalent

simile

* s.th. for) ; to compare, liken

>
(with
foll.
.

genit. or sufflx) s.o. like


s.th. like
. . .

. . .

Jli.

matla exemplariness, perfection,


-5f, JJli.

one one

like

. . ;

Ji.

mi$a

(piep.)

superiority; (pl.

mai&iP) lesson,

and JiT

ka-mitli similar to, like, juat as;

task, assignment

like; s.th. like; tbe

same

as; (just) as

JJU mojti
;

pl. Ji

mujvZ
|

like, similar
f.

much
like

as

*Lu

> hwn

mitluh they are

analogous equal, matoh

Li.
*J

IfXi* of
"^

Mm, they

areof hiskind; Jtib in the


likewise, equally, also, too;

his (its) kind, of her kind;


lila),

same manner,

JJu

-J

Ji* mifia

bi-mi^li

md just as, as well as; U Jix m in the Barne manner as Jil j*;
1

Jji.
(1

(ffu>

J,i-

-J

Jpj

(yo6iqr>

incomparable, matohless, unrivaled, unparalleled


Jji. mitjZ standing ereot; appearance;

ajr al-m.
Jilli

adequate payment or wages;


presentation; audienee
tj-.
Jji.
I

LI ("maiah) to repay s.o. like


in like

for like, treat s.o.

manner;

Jilb LUll
oiple

(mabda*
;

al-mu'mala)
Jiili

priniL l>

um/fa

pl.

-#,

JJ L

amfit*

of reoiprocity
al-m.)

Jil

example ;

deterrent

example, warning,

(mvqbalat
*Jli-l

retali&tion,
like

reprisal;

lesson; proverb; assignment, lesson


Ji*l

amihth people

him, people

am$aP,

f.

of his kind;

j& o\

Jli.1

people like

Abu

Ji. mn/J, pl. JJL1

am/*

Bakr;

Jli-I SJ

^ Ji

oloser to perfection,

Coming nearer the


J

up

to three times as

ideal; ideal; model, exemplary, perfeot

much
^i. miflam (conj.) as Ji. mifii replaeeable ; fungible (Isl. Ji. mutl see
Ji.
Ji.1

Jill J-aJl

the ideal
jtl.

way

to

...

Jli/ timttU

JJLc tomfiP sculptured

Law)

image; statue

J-

Jlie (iu?/t)

bust

amjaJ

JJLc" tomfii pl. JJLc"

tamiiP quotatioo
likening,

of examples, exemplifioation ;

map

pl. Jli.1

amfl likeness; met-

oomparison; assimilation

portrayal, pic-

aphor, simile, parable; proverb, adage;

turing, depiotion, description; represen-

ezample; lesson, similar case;


el;

ideal,

mod-

tation;

diplomatio representation ; dra-

^U
|

majatan for example, forinstanee,


.

matio representation, aoting, playing (of

e.g.

. .

JiT <Lu he
...;

is

oomparable to

. . .

an actor); Performance, show; dramatio

he

is

like

^1

Ji. (eum) or Jl Ji.

(a'fc) ideal; Jli.^1

^>

art;

exemplary punishment

see

l^>;

J-ie JJLc

Jli.^1

y'UI proverbs; JiU


the proverb says
Jli. mifi pl. <Li*l

^ Je

iSj\
(ra'yi l-m.) as

(tijri)

oommeroial agency ;

j^Ai (in motion-pieture

announcements)
at-t.

starring so-and-so; JJUiJI J-U badal

am}a, Ji. mujuZ

s.th.
al-

allowance for representation, allowance


for

equal; s.th. similar; simile, parable,

professional

expenditure,

expense

legory; ezample; pattern, Standard; ex-

allowance; JjUiJl jta theater, playhouse,

emplary punishment; model; image,


ture
|

pic...;

opera house
art,

JJUiil ji

/ann att. dramatio


J-Udl
J-i-*

... Jli.

Je

in the

manner of
. ;

theater; scuJpture;

J*

after the pattern or


(a'l) pl. Li*

model of ..

Jl Jli-

for the
J_ie"

purpose of Illustration
tamtlli

Ji. ('vly) ideal;

JU

Js.

of or pertaining to the

fltya) ideale
Jli.
ioal,

theater or stage, theatrical, histrionic;


parabolio;
allegorio; typ-

mtjft

dramatio
|

JJLc"

<^L

(mal'ab)

theater,

representative ; model; exemplary;


|

playhouse
*-Lic"

ideal

Se>JI Jli.

m. n-ntu'a ide&list
-n Boulptor

tamflUya: o'Li

JJLc"

(ptn'iya)

Jli-

mal

pl.

opera

*\j\j

mumfaia resemblance,

similari*

tnajja

(ma;;)

to

spit

out,

disgorge,

ty, similitude, likeness, correspondence;

eject, emit, discharge (* s.th.); to rejeot,

analogy; exact equivalence


Jix"

(2*1. Lato)

dismiss, disoard (* s.th.) II to


ripe, ripen,

beoome

tamaQvl assimilation

mellow
**-lf

(bicl.)

A/t mujdj and

muj&ja

spittk*,

JjU tamfvi matching, Agreement,


militude,
likeness ;

cor-

saliva; juice
si-

respondence, resemblance, similarity,


recovery,

oonvales-

Jjt

majada u (majd) and majuda u


majda) to be glorious,
alted II
glorify,
glorified,

(U
ex-

oenoe
Jliul

illustrious,

imiiy

obedience,

compliance,

and IV to
celebrate

praise, extol, laud,

consent

V to be

extolled, be

be lauded, be praised; to boast,

JJL mdtil etanding, Standing forth;


placed, aet

glory
Jjt

down; displayed, on display;


majd
pl. *\jt\

emerging, arising, cropping up, appearing,

amjdd

glory; splendor,

presenting

itself

JL*

|>Ul

JJL
b.o.'s

magnificence, grandeur; nobility, honor,


distinction

(amma

'ainaihi)

present

before

eyea; jLi JJL* (li-l-'iydn) visible, con-

^Jjt
glorious
xjl.

majdl

laudable,

praiseworthy,

spicuous, evident, obvious; CjJu-

JJL

(hadratihl) in front of s.o., in s.o.'s presence

majld glorious,

illustrious;

cele-

JL mfila lamp, chandelier

brated, famous ; glorified, exalted ; praise*

Jk mumatt

repreaenting, representa-

worthy, laudable, admirable, excellent,


splendid; noble
|

tive, representational ;

(pl.

-n) repre-

-uil *_<US3l the

Koran
siJver

sentative (also, e.g., diplomatic), deputy,

ifXjf majldl medjidie,

a Turkish

agent; performer, player, stage player,


actor; comedian
|

coin of 20 piasters coined under Sultan

^jU*

Jt/ (tijdri)

com

Abdul-Medjid; (of raoney) Turkish


.slf 1

mercial agent
*li/

amjd

(pl.

of -uf ) people of rank,

mumattila

pl. -<U actress

distinguished people
jjl\

*JJ

mumaMittya representation, agen*

amjad*

pl.

u*-Ul

amjid*

more
distin-

cy

*--L- Lii* (yd*iya) diplomatic rep-

glorious,

more

illustrious;

more

resentation

guished
-LJ" tamjld praise, glorification, exaltation, idolization
l

J
JJIj

mumajlai depicted, portrayed; rep(6*oi.)

resented; aasimilated

mumdj

resembling, similar,

like,

jt-

majara u (majr)
tbirsty, to thirst
jf.

to

be thinty,

feel

comparable; corresponding, analogous


JJ. mvtamdt resembling eaoh other,
similar, of the

majr numerous (army)


pl,

same

kind, homogeneous

j^-U mjr

jw-lj* mawjlr* (tg.)

mutually

corresponding,

homologous

round earthen trough or tub used for

identical; assimilating, assimilative


Jiif

making dough;
vessel with a wide
*j\

tall,

bulging

earthen

mumta\

obedient,

sub massive,

mouth

compliant
jli*

aX-majar the Hungarians;


<,* majari

Hungary

mafna

pl. -i

(urinary) bladder

Hungarian

894

yf majar

a emall weight

18

jJ

(jis^f-

magnUiyom magnesium

3.51 g (Bg.)
Oljy^-l* 866 tfj1 -Uj jrf- fnojrff

^jjt maji Magi, adherents of Mazdaism

^jjt majA Magian; Magus, adherent


of

Madrid

Mazdaism

i-V^ majAya Mazdaism


,^>f look up alphabetically
Lf

ma;ia

pl.

blister; 866 also

jLf mtjtf, (coli.) Jf under J*- ;aa


pl.

ma

* mahh worn

off,

threadhare, shabby
best, choieest part, pith,

* muhh the
gist,

quinteesence; egg yolk


(mahfi) to render olear, olarify,
II do.;

J-L nuSy'
tern
*/

JrLr auidj

(<n.) ois^jm*-

mahafa a

purify (*

fl.th.)

to rectify, put

mumajmaj

indistinct,

scribbled,

il-

right (* a.th.); to put to the test (* s.th.);

legible
1

to

test,

examine closely
re-emerge,

(* s.th.)

IT to

,yf-

majna u (mu;n, yt
jest;

mujn,

11\jL

reappear,

come out again

majna) to joke,

to scoff, mock,
(* s.o.),

V do.

to be clarified, be purifled VII to be

jeer III to jeer, scoff, gibe

mock,
with

clarified,

be purified
hiny, riashing (aword)
test-

poke fun
b.o.),

at

s.o.),

joke, jest

tj^- mahif

make fun ( of s.o.), play wild jokes ( on b.o.) V to make insolent jokes VI to mock at each other
be majna buffoonery, clowning;
t)

fj^^x tamhty pl. -t clarification; ing, thorough ezamination


^jm*-

(pl.

mahatfa a (mah4) to be sincere


s.o. in),

(*

prank; antio

toward
(*

ahow or manifest sincerely

to

s.o. s.th.; e.g., love, affection);


(~*-j-

lat

majjn impudent, insolent, unre-

mahufa u

muAfl^a) to be of pure

strained, wanton, shameless ; jester, prankster,

descent; to be pure, genuine,

unmUed,
(*

wag, buffoon;

free, free

of charge,

unadulterated

IV to

be

sincere
o.a.

gratuitous; ULf majjnan or


tnajjn
gratis
iJLf free

WU

bi-l-

toward

s.o. in)

V to devote

exolusive(J to

of

Charge,

for

nothing,

ly (J to a.th.),
s.th.)

be solely dedioated

majjni

free, free

of charge, gra-

^jm*.

mah4 of pure

descent, pureblood;

tuitous

pure, unmized, unadulterated; genuine;

oUt

majjnlya gratuitousness, exemp-

sheer, downright, outright (e.g., sense, eto.);

lie,

non-

tion from fees, remiseion of fees

Li* mahtfan
|

only, merely,
lt****.

exclusirely, solely

jL^-l

bi-makfi

yt

mjn

buffoonery,

clowning

%t.

entirely of bis

own

aoeord; L+A-L* ^jiA


in

shamelessness, impudenoe
Jjjf

li-maJufi

tlihihd

solely

her

own

mujnt brazen
mjin
pl.

sarcast, cynio

interest, only for her


4*Jj.\

own good

^U
jester,

OLf mujjn impudent,

umhfa

sincere advioe

shameless, brazen, insolent, sauoy; joker,

wag, buffoon
J*-l*) (tun.)

j* mahaqa a

(mahq) to effaoe, blot out,

strike out, erase (* s.th.); to eradioate,


'j^-L.

mjin pl. fr \j maw&jin* (

exterminate, annihilate, destroy (*

s.th.)

cistem

IV to wane, become

invisible (moon); to

895

perish V, VII (j*cl or

jrf.1

immdhaqa)

iJUt

mahla

pl.

Jl*

mahl pulley,
J_j*-)

and VIII to be or beoome efFaced; to be


annihilated, be destroyed, perish
jrf.

block and tackle; (see also

Jl* mihdl slyness, cunning,


eradsidiousness

craft, in-

makq efFacement, obliteration;

ication, extermination, annihilation, de-

J*-u mhil barren,


J*f

sterile; bare,

bleak

atruction

JL* makq, muhq, mihq waning of


the

mumhil barren,

sterile

moon

mahana a
test
{ s.o.,

(mahn) and VIII to try, try

iLt mahaka a (mahk) and mahika a (mdhak)


to be quarrelsome, contentious, cantan-

out, test, put to the test, subject to a


* s.th.); to afrlict, subject to
(

a
kerous, quarrel, wrangle, bicker; to dis-

trial

or trials

s.o.);

to ezamine

(*

s.o.)

pute stubbornly

III to pick

a quarrel,
( *i-

quarrel, wrangle, have

an argument

mihna

pl. jt-

mihan severe

trial,

with

s.o.)

IV and V

ordeal, tribulation; affction; hardship,


distress, suffering, misfortune

iU- mahik quarrelsome, contentious,


cantankerous,
disputatious,

biokering

Li*l imtihdn pl. -t test, experiment;

quarrelsome person, bickerer, wrangler


3*-li

ezamination
examination;

J_.V-.dl

jU.i.1

entrance

jl^

U.1

(nihai) final

mumhaka
dispute ;

quarrelsomeneBS, dis-

examination

putatiousness, petulance; quarrel,

row,

wrangle,

(pl.

-t)

chicanery

y^U mumtakin
jLLi

tester;

examiner
tried, test-

bickering, wrangling

mumiahan examined;

iUU

mhik and iUl* mumhik quar-

ed; examinee, candidate

relsome, contentious, cantankerous, dia-

putatious; quarrelsome person, bickerer,

(j^) l*
out,

mah u (makw)
Scratch out,

to wipe
strike

off,

rub

erase,

out {*

wrangler
s.th.);

to efface, obliterate, blot out (*

J* mahla
and

a, mahila a {mahl,

J^

mukl)
to

s.th.)

to wipe out, eradicate, exterminate,


a.th.)
;

mahula

(U
;

mahla)

be

extinguish (*
(t,

to eliminate, abolish

barren (land, year)

makala, mahila a

s.th.)
|

jj V
II

yumh
out,

inefTaceable,

and mahula u (mahl, Jl* mikl) to plot, scheme, intrigue (<_* against a.o.) IV to
be barren and arid; to render barren
(*

indelible

to

wipe

extinguish,

exterminate, extirpate (* s.th.) V, VII


(j-^f'l

and

jf-\

immah) and VIII to be


wiped
to disappear, vanish

the

soil);

to be overdue, be withheld,

efFaced, obliterated, extinguished,

fail

to set in (rains)

to seek to attain

out, exterminated
jf-

by cunning
tezt;

or through intrigues (* s.th.),

mahw efFacement, obliteration, blotannulment

strive cunningly (* for); to seek a pre-

ting out; erasure, deletion; elimination;


abolition, abolishment,

to propagandize or advertise or with unfair


|

(J

B.th.) artfully

jXJI

('udr)

means J*/ to uae a pretezt, make an

Uj mimhh and

mahkya

excuse

eraser
Liil

j mahl
(see also

barrenness, aridity, drought;

immik' extinction, exteimination,

dearth, famine;

cunning, craft, deceit;

extirpation

under J*- haa)

<j-U mhiya eraser

896

* mukk
and

pl. j-ljt

mikk, oJt mttaj brain;


oore, essence; purest

marrow, medulla;
choiceat part

*U mtfrb (= '&) ma&lA nosebag

pl.

J*

mfcaJ,

Jl*

*Jc makmada to rinae the mouth

Je.

mukki

brain- (in Compounds), cer-

madda u (motU) to ertend,


pand, dilate (*
s.th.);

distend, ez-

ebral
UJ.I
X

to Stretch, Stretch
(*

al-muk Mocha (seaport


jyf-

in

SW Yemen)

out (*

s.th.),

orane

the

neck); to

draw J makara a (makr,


s.th.);

out, protraot (* s.th.); to spread

mukr) to plow;

out

(* s.th.);

to lay out (*

s.th.),

lay

to move, out, shear, cleave (* through


(of

(* traoks, pipeline); to

spread

(*

a net);

a ship) to plow, traverae

to lengthen, elongate, prolong (* s.th.); to

the sea)

grant

respite

or

delay;

to

rise

j+L

rnkir plowing the Bea (ship)

(flood, river); to help, aid, assist ( s.o.),

;^U
*jj*-\*

mkira
pl.

pl. j-\j*

mawkir* ehip

Bupport
provide

(-*
(>-

s.o.

by

or with), supply,

s.o.

with); to reinforoe (*

mkr

j*~\j*

mawkir1 brothel
teil

an army); to
soil)
|

fertilize,

manure

(*

the

yf- X

('umrak) to prolong

s.o.'s

3jA mdkraqa
cheat

to brag,

fibs; to swindle,

life (of

God); Jl

^\

.u (bafiara) to

turn

one's eyes, direct one's glanoe to;


%

ijX- x>

iJ

i makada au

{makd) to churn

(* milk);

^Ji j (j'i^ron, ard) to strike roots (tree)


1

to Bhake violently (* s.th.);

niajcida

*J

3JLA-I -u

tolay asnare for

s.o.; *L-j <u

(^Ijc mak4, mikd) to be parturient, be in labor V

JUT

jjJ

(rijlah bi-qadri kia'iht) to

makida; to bear,

out one's coat according to one's cloth,

produce, bring forth, effect, bring ahout


(j? e.th,); to be
^lifc

make

the

best

of

it,

adjust
jJju

o.a.
<ul*-j

to
-t.

ehumed

(milk)

the oiroumstanoes;
(rijlaihi

4M-

bi-qadri

lihfihi)

do.;

**f

-u

makd

labor pains

(sam'aK) to prick up one's ears;


to set the table ;

Oilil x.

u^Jt mdkid buttermilk

^1 j x.
a.

{maiy) to take
to lay
pipe;

L>U
pl. (j^-lj

makkda and L.J mimfyada

long
jj

Btrides;

j^l^ll

mam&kvp churn
u
(makf,

*Jl o

{yadaA) to ertend one's hand


to eztend, distend, expand,

to .L* makafa a

b.o.

II

mipf)

and

dilate (* s.th.); to Stretch out (* B.th.);

to blow one's noee


iUc

to spread, spread out {* s.th.) ; to lengthen,

rnukf nasal

muous, Bnot
uLL-tll

Jljt

elongate,

protract,

prolong

(*

B.th.);

>-H

m. ai-Sams and

Jljt

m.

to disoharge puB, suppurate, fester III to delay, defer, procrastinate


;

oi-fotfdn gossamer

to put off

from day to day


Bnotty; mucous; slimy, J,\* mukfl ropy
JJc

s.o.)

IT to help,
s.o.
*,

aid, assist ( b.o.), Support

(_* (-
(<_*

with),

provide,

supply,

furoish

s.o.,

mukkaif
L.
;

(eg.)

Bebesten

(Cordia

s.th. with); to lend,


s.th.);

impart

* to s.th.

myxa
jL*
II

bot.)

to reinforce (* an army); to post-

pone, delay, grant a respite; to suppurate,

tamakfara to walk with a graoeful,


fester
|

*UIj

x<\

(bi-ajalihl)

to grant
(of

s.o.

Bwinging gait
l

another
amkl, J^Jt mukl lever,

respite

in

thia

life

God)

Jit

muH

pl. Jlitl

to be spread, spread out, extended,

pinch bar, orowbar

stretohed out; to ertend, stretoh, spread;

897

to lengthen, expand, distend, dilate; to


Stretch
o.b.,

ji*H\
a.th.

sajjalah bi-m.

il-fafcr

to inscribe

stretoh out, Bprawl (on a


like) Till

with golden

letters; x*-lj jlx.

J*

after

bed,

and the
to

to be extended,

the same pattern

distended, atretohed; to be laid (wireB,


pipeline) ;

xx. madld

pl.

jx.

mudud extended,
tall,

extend
spread

or

reach

Jl

to

outstretched, stretched, elongated; long,

s.th.), Btretoh,

{Jl to B.th.,

over a

prolonged, protracted;
high, towering; xxLI

big; slender,

distance);
out,

to

lengthen,

become drawn
{Jl into)

name

of a poetical
X.

become protracted or prolonged; to

meter

xx. jUj (zamn) or xx.


x_x.

be long; to develop, grow


take,
B.th.

to

(mudda) long time;


age;
_

jf

{'umr) great

get,

draw,

derive,
o.a.

borrow (j* *
(*);

from), provide
( s.o.)

with

to ask

raJ\ xx. m.

al-bapar farsighted,

farseeing
il x.

for help
x.

maddd a creeping plant


amidda warp of a
pl. -t

madd

pl.

ijX.

mudd

extenaion;
ix.1

dietension, dilation, expansion; stretching; spreading; lengthening, elongation,

fabrio

xxe" iamdld

lengthening, elonga-

Prolongation, protraction; drawing out

tion, Prolongation, extenaion


jlx.1

of the voice over long vowels (in

Koran
m.
al-

imdd

help, aid, assistance, aup-

recitation) ; rising, rise (of water, of the


flood); supply
(i_>

port, auatentation,

maintenance, provipl. -t auxiliaries,

with)
|

aJ\

x.

Bioning; supply (mtl.);

bapar rnge of vision;


as the eye can Bee;

madd l-b. as far jlJl -U m. an-nazar


xLl

reinforcements, supplies
jxc"

farsightedness, foresight;
"literae produotionis"
Ix.
initial
1

jj^

the

tamaddud extension, spreading, ex-

{gram.)
(T)

pansion; stretching, distention, dilation,


dilatation, widening

madda
long a

sign over alif


(*)

denoting
jlxul

imtidd stretching, stretch, ex-

tension, extensity; extensibility, distensi-

mudd pl. iix.1 amdd, i\x, midd mudd, a dry measure {Pal. = 18 1,
X.

bility ;

expansibility ;

widening, disten-

Tangier
x>

tion, dilation, dilatation, lengthening, e-

46.6

1)

longation, Prolongation; expanse; length;


aize,

midda pus, purulent matter

extent,
l

spread,

compasB,

rnge,

!x.

mudda

pl. .ix.

mudad

period

(of

scope

ilxul

J* along, alongside of

time),

space of time,
limited
or

interval;

while;
time,

tUtT-l

iatimdd procurement of Sup-

duration;

appointed

port, bringing

up of reinforcements; sup-

term;
of,

Sx.

muddata within,
|

in the couree in

ply (mil.)
iL.

during
of,

...

ix

within,

the

mdd

stretching,

expanding, excreeping

course

during;

j-j)l

j- ix* (zaman)

tending,
{plant)
j L.

spreading ;

trailing,

period (of time), Bpace of time, interval,


while; muddatan
for

min

az-z. for

a while,

some time

mdda

pl.

i l_*

mawdd*

stuff,

matter; material possession; substance;


jx.

madad
pl.

pl.

j'x.1

amdd

help, aid,

material;

component,

constituent,

in-

asaistance,

support,

baoking, reinforce-

gredient; fundamental constituent, radioal,

ment

resources ; auxiliaries

chemical
topic;

element,
achool

base ;

subjeot,
field

ilx.

midd ink;

lamp

oil;
|

fertilizer,
-ilxc

theme,
study
;

subject,

of

manure, dng; pattern, style

*lf?

discipline,

subjeot

matter,

cur-

ricular aubject; article, paragraph (e.g.,

Ol-U madltya

pl.

oUf-U madliyt medal


pendant

of a law, treaty or contract); stipulation,


contractual term; pl. material, materials;
agents, e lernen ta
|

jjJI-U madliyn medallion, locket,

1_LI

oU

(afliya) root

~-U

of a word; Jjl jlj- (awuxdiya) primary

madaha a (madh, *-u mxdha) to praise, commend, laud, extol (* s.o.); to eulogize,
poems ( s.o.) II do. V to be commended, be praised, be lauded; to
celebrate in

elements;
(tijriya)

raw

materials ;

*iJ^f

*'_*

articles

of

commerce,
'
*
'

com*\j* ,\j.

modities; J .^-H *\j* cosmetics; (jinaiya) criminal cases (jur.);


(Karbiya)

UL-

boast
o.e.
((-

(v

of s.th.), glory

(<->

in),

pride
I

on), be

proud

war material; fU >\j* raw materials; L-JI jl_>- dyestuffs, dyes;


V,lr jlj*
(e.g.,

of) VIII

w-A

madh commendation,
;

laudation,

(pu&a) solid constituents, Bolids


milk);

praise

extolment,

glorification ;
|

pane-

of

**>--

dj

manu-

gyrical literature; acclaim

ZA

rJl\

factured goods, ready-made goods;


_-j-kl

O ^jjlj*

the glorification of

God
^l-u mad'ih* praise,
;

medicaments, drugs; liLt^l

-U madxh
laudation,

pl.

m.

al-i'Sa,

,J^\ ^j
lJ\ii-

al-ma'U food-

commendation

panegyrical
trib-

Btuffs,

food;

jIj-

(gid'iya) food-

poem, panegyric; eulogy, encomium,


ute
l*-jX,\

stuffs, victuals, food, nutritive

substano-

esjfodder;

iiJl

jIj-

m, al-luga vocabulary
jLi.
;

umdha

pl.

jUI amdxh 7
;

praise,

of a language;

O oIjj^

j]^.

(mit*
i'_>-

laudation,

commendation

panegyrical

ddda li-l-hayawiyt antibiotics *+"!*

poem; eulogy, encomium,


*-Xc

tribute
glorification;

(muMt&a)
dantya)
tiles

combustible
fuel;

materials,
J-U
jI_j

in-

flammable matter;

(ma*
tex-

tamadduh extolment,

civil cases {jur.); ~-*Jl

^^

self-praise, vainglory, ostentation,

swag-

gering

jjL.
ical;

mddi material; corporeal, phys(pl. -fin)


iS

*ol.

mdih and

->l.u

maddh pan-

materialistic ;

materialist;

egyrist, encomiast, eulogist

objective (as opposed to


*j^U

m^)
|

^-U madar

(coli.;

n. un.
|

clods of earth or

mddiya materialism

oUilil

il)Ly*il j (mo'natriydi) material

and ideal

jj\ Jl ahl alwabar wa-l-m. the tent-dwellera and the


jJl\y

mud, loam, clay


city-dwellera,

things

the

nomadB

and

the

ij mamdd extended;
out; extensive, great,

outstretched;

sedentary population
j-U

elongated; prolonged, protracted,


large;

drawn

madara clod of earth or mud;

provided

emall

hump

of the ground

with madda {gram.)


Ij-U mudar'* pl. of
sjj

-U

mudir, see j ji

mumaddad

spread, outspread; out-

stretched; stretched out, sprawling, lying; extended, elongated, long

^IjJu madrs* Madras

(state

and

city

in

S India)
j*jA* madrid*

j mumtadd extended, outetretched


spread, outspread, laid out; extending,
Btretching,
large,

Madrid
middling, of

spreading ;

extensive,

wide,

J-U

(Engl.) midiin

medium

comprehensive

quality (com.)
j.u II to found or build cities; to civilize,

-\%'.r

mustamadd taken, derived

(,>

from)

urbanize,

humanize,

refine

V oxc

ia

JJU
maddana to be or beoome civilized; j xi tamadyana do. ; to enjoy tbe oomforta of
oivilization, the amenities
ijX*

madan

extension, expanse, stretoh,

apread,

oompaaa,

rnge,

soope,

Bpaoe,

of

lifo

latitude, reaoh; distanoe, interval, inter-

o>
naW
epithet

madlna

pl.

bx*
|

mvdun, JI.U
in,

apaoe

extent,

degree,

meaaure, acale,

uKfcfm* town, oity

^1 j>

an-

Proportion; utmost point, extreme, limit;

or oiil (uaually foowed


*j jd.1

by the
MaHin*

oJ-munaiounra)

space of time, duration, period; (prep.) ^x madd for the duration of, during, in

(dty in

Saudi Arabia); f*JI

o>

a (given) period s*J\


tfX*

of, in

the course of
field

m. <u-aa&Im Baghdad

(oapital of Iraq);

m.

l-bofiar

rnge or

of

v &l

o-u Cape Town;


citiea

j^l joil (htbr)

vision, Visual rnge; LLl

^a m, l-hayh
^aII

the big

lifetime;

for
;

lifo;

^J.1

(hayawi)

lebenaraum
Ja-, madanf urban, urbanized, dtydwelling,

jtjjJl

^x* m.

d-dawar&n

oontinually, conatantly, perpetually; jJ>


*l*^JI re. t-flaut reaoh of the voioe, oalling

town-dwelling;

oivized,

re-

fined, polished; civilian (aa

oppoaed to

diatance;
[Ij^I

j**fl

^a.

m. l-'umr

lifetime;

mitary),
dweller,
Citizen,
(adj.

oivil,

oivio;

aeoular;

town

ifX*

m, l-ayy&m throughout the

townaman,
oivilian;
n.)
|

oity dweller, urbanite,

of Medina,

Medinan
civil

days, oontinually; a-j ^a. J| at a great diatance; jbul^ ja. (*airi a.) at a

and
jljjjl

J*

~<J>x.

jj>* (da'w)

diatance of 10 metera; ^aII a*j far-reaohing


;

action, oivil suit, oivil prooeeding

(;'ur.);

jM Xm A. (midfa') long-range gun;


tfJil

uW

(fayarn)

oivil

aeronautics;

j^-Vl

after

all,

when

all'a

aaid

Ja. jJli
4-J.U

civil

law
oivilization

and done,

in the last analyaia

mu&mfya
tomdCn

^. -u

civilizing, civilization, ad-

La. madya, mvdya, midya pl. ^a. mudan, midan, oLa mudyt, mudayt
butcher's knife; knife
tfj-u madatot,

vancement
tion,

in social oulture,

humaniza-

refining,

raiaing

of moral Stand-

mudawi, midawf
*., ^j^Jl

cutler

ards

iU tamdin: ^^11
Jj J*

J^L

in

tamdtnt

oivizing,

civilizatory,

the long run


Jj.a. (Fr.

oivilizational

modtte) modli pl. -# model

bxx

tamaddwi

and

j. At"

iamadyun jX
II

oivilization; refinement of social oulture

tamadyana aee a.

JAt" tamaddunl oivized

I. ffli^ sinoe

{= u mundv)
(egg),

ui*u mvtamaddin

civilized;

sophti-

j'x*

madira a (madar) to be addle

oated, refined, eduoated


j^-Ui* fflutomaiyin civilized, provided

beoome rotten

II

to aoatter,

diaperae,

spread or aprinkle about (* s.th.) V


j. jii Sadara

with the oomforts of oivilization


^A.
III to

madara scattered here

grant a respite or delay


pereist, peraevere
(

to s.o.)

and there
jX. mod^ir apoiJed, rotten, putrid

IV do. VI to

j or
<_>

^ or

in),

keep, atick, adhere (j or

or J

to); to oontinue

(j

s.th.),

keep or go on

JA. madaqa u (madq) to mix with water,


dilute

(j doing
(j

s.th.);

to go fax, go to extremes

in) ; to continue, last,

draw out

JA.

madq watered wine

ja*
jji.

900

madiq diluted, mixed with water,

the canal IV to
a.o.

let ( s.o.)

go by or past
( s.o.)

watered, watery
jli.

ma44q and jiU mumgiq

in-

{J#

or s.th. (Jp or ^); to let or i~* s.th.); to make (*,


s.th. (J* or

pass

s.o., s.th.)

sincere, hypocritical

go through send
(

^), lead, take or


^>),

s.o.)

through {J* or

pass,

Ji. ma4ila a (ma, JIJu madl) to reveal,


disclose
<__*!. II

stick (Jp or
(

s.th. through); to insert


|

(^

s.th. aecret)

Jp or

* s.th. in)

Jp

Jii j*\ {nazarah)

tamadhaba see

to pass one's glance over, let one's eyes


*_-aj

wander over

to last, endure, continue,


fltay;

marro w (morr,
to pass

jj_>*

murr,
B.th.

mamarr)
a.o.,

go on; to remain,
or

to continue (Jp
s.th.),

(^ or J*

s.o.,

or by

j j

B.th.,

J*i;

to do

persiat,

by

B.th.), go,

walk, saunter, or
past

stroll

by
to

persevere
or

(Jp or

or pa8t

(-, J*); to march pass in review {^Ui before

s.o. (fLI),

to s.th.,

keep (Jp J*i; doing a.th.), go on

in s.th.),

a.o.; mtl.);

(J-ij

doing

s.th.), stiok,

adhere (J* or

pass, elapae, go by, run out (time); to

to a.th.)
j*

come, go, walk, or pass along

a.th.

(i_j

marr passing, going by; pasaage,


course
|

or J*), skirt (v or J* s.th.); to pass, go, walk, move, march, travel (^ or j- or


traverse (j- a place, J* through), cross, a country, a room); to flow through, run

transit; transition; orosBing; progression,

process,

lapae,

(of

time);
j*

iron
iz-

ahovel, flpade; rope

uUj)l

J* (m.

zamn) in the course of time


Ijm
ja

through; to fly through; to lead, run,


out (j through an area; border), pass (j over), cross (j an area); to go or
pasa

marra

pl. -t, j\j*

mxrr time, tum;


Cp*j*

marratan
ill^*

once;

marrataini

(v

through
(l-<

atage

or

phase),

twice;

marrtin repeatedly; several

undergo
(

a state

or phase); to cross

times, quite often; Ijlj- mirran several


times,

J* a border, a
fly (Jji

line,

mountains,

eto.)

more than once, quito often; at

to

over an area; airplane); to

times,

now and
|

then, occaaionally, some-

depart, go away, leave; to continue (J*a>

timee

t ~j*

marratan

or lj c-lj data
,jj1

to do
t

s.th.),

keep, or go on, doing

s.th.
|

marrtin once, one time, one day ;

lj*

J"i j> (dikruh) it has been discussed, Li j* u as it has been mentioned above it has passed before us, as we have al;

marratan ukr or

SJbJ*-

j*

(jadidatan)
j* -uj *j*

once again, once more, anew;


or Ija
je- lj*

time and again, again and


j\J
*J*\

ready mentioned; OUi-VLi j* to pass the examination; j^Lj j* (bisalm) to turn

again;

lji\

(tilwa)
5 J*1

time after

time, time and again ;

j *j* {wh idatan)


,

out

well,

go

off

without mishap; *A* j*


acan
j*
s.th.,

at once, at one time ; eventually, finally at


last ; Ija

j^i
to

{bi-baparihl) to

peruse

* jS~\ (aktara) more than once,


Ijlli

s.th. hastily;

tjjJW

j*

(rnarra l-barq)
flit

several times;

at

all,

absolutely,

pass

swiftly,

flash

past,

past;

entirely; {with neg.) not at

all,

never,
L

by

*l_ll j* j*

{marra /-Jb.) to pasa as if nothing


(aAc or)
<i

no means
once; lj*

\j

j*

gaira marrtin or
times,

had happened, brush paat;


*1_|l

j*

\j repeatedly, several

j more than

to overlook a.th.

generously,

pass over a.th. with dignity, treat a.th. with disdain II to let pass {* a.th.) ; to convey, carry or take through {* s.th.); to

f kam marratan how often T how many timesT oUl jJJ for the
sixth time; lj ji-^i li-kiri marrtin or

;^^l
lio*

IjJ

for the last time; lj*

JA

K-

pass (* the

ball, in soccer)

Ll

j iiji-

jj*

avneali marrtin for the first timo; Ijl^


{'adxdatan) frequently, often; \j\j*

(qanh) to pass or take a ship through

; ;

901

l
(lj\j*

\j\jjj

(wa-takrran)

time and again,

j* marra u a
bitter
s.th.)

marra) to be or become
bitter,

again and again


jjj

II

to

make

embitter {*

murr passing; parade, maroh


passage, march, journey, or

IV to be or beoome bitter; to make


(*
s.th.)

past
trip

(jl*l);

bitter

TI to

fight,

oontend, to think

through (^, j*, J*), transit; flowing


fly-

dispute

(with each other)

through, flow; crossing, traversal;

bitter, find bitter (* s.th.)

ing over (3j)i uninterrupted sequence;


trafflc
(

murr

pl. j\j\

amrr

bitter; severe;

street,

tourist,

hipping) ;

pro-

sharp;

painful;

bitterness;

myrrh
(bot.)

_,

gression, process, course, lapse (of time)


{eg.)

tjjU^Jl m. as-aa^r oolooynth


'j

inspection

UjJI JJjt

m. az-zamdn
mirra
pl.
Jjlt

expiration of the deadline;


tatfkirat al-m.

mirar

gall, bilo; (pl.

.jjJS iJ"Xi

jlj*l

permit, pasa, laissez-passer;

amrr) atrength, power

passport; jjJS *S^r- harakat al-m. through


traffio;

jlj*

marra

pl.

j\j mar'ir' bitter*


|

jjj.\

1-^j

hirfat

al-m
-Uli

traffio traffio

ness; gall, gall bladder; innermost, heart


lli-i

police,

highway patrol;

jjj.\

-jjIj*

c-iiil

(iniaqqat,

gai^an)

he

regulations
jt

burst with anger


pasaing, going by; elapsing;
j_j

mamarr

marir

pl.

j\j*

mar'ir'

atrong,

lapse,

expiration (of time); tranaition;

firm, stubborn, tenacious, dogged, persistent,


(esp.,

crossing; aocess, approaeh; (pl. -t) aisle,

deep-seated,

deep,

profound

passage,

passageway
|

oorridor ;

ford

of feelings)

(mountain) pasa
pass;
j_j-**Ji

JX.
J*
in

(fff/H}

under-

jt

the

course

of

ijj marira pl. J\j marfir' firmness; determination, resoluteneas; vigor, energy, tenacity, doggedness; steadiness, con-

Centimes
j\j*\

imrr pasaing through, insertion

stancy
j*\

jl^-i-l wtimrr duration,

amarr* firmer, strenger; bitterer


the two bitter thinga
(i.e.,

permanence,
<jlj-Vi

poverty

continuity,

oontinuance,
exiatence,

continuation,

oontinued
ence
|

and old age);


survival;
persiat-

j^Vt

gs l-amarrain

jl^^L

to go through the worat,


continually, constantly;

be exposed

\j\j*z*-\j

L\ji (dawman) constantly, oon-

to greatest hardships

tinuously, inceasantly, without Interruption ; jlj*^^/! iji qwat


inertiae
al-ist. inertia,

jjji
fool

mamrr

bilious;

fooliah,

orazy;

vis

[^ mara'a,
jL.

\^j

marCa a and

}j*

maru'a u

mrr passing; going, Walking,


by;
(pl.

rid-

{**\j*

mar'a) to be wholesome, health-

ing, etc., past or

-n, IjU mrra)


j

ful,

palatable (food);

}j*

maru'a u
}j*

passer-by, pedestrian, walker, stroller


jS"i

{**jj

mur'a) to be manly;
(ij*

mo*

jU! fikruh) the above-mentioned,

ru*a

mar'a) to be healthy and

what has already been discussed


j*z~*

aalubrioua (olimate)

to find wholesome

mustamirr lasting, permanent,


continual,

and tasty

(*

food);

to enjoy,

savor,
(*

enduring, constant,

uninter-

relish (* e.th,); to
s.th.; also fig.);

be able to digest
(*),

rupted, unceasing, incessant; continuous,

to take to s.th.

take

unbroken
|

_,_*

jlS (tayyr) direct cur-

a liking
j*'

(i_>

to), derive pleasure (*

from)

rent

(el.);

*j*i~+ <^>V>* (mavjt) contin-

L*' imra* and JjJ imru' (with


J>\

uous waves (phya.)

definite article

al-mar*) a

man;

per-

j*

902

son,

human

being;

.^11

frequently

for

r/>

mariha a (moroJi) to be gay, merry,


cheerful, in high Bpirits, hilariouB, exu-

Engl,

"one", aa .jU Ji (yofunnu) one

would think
;l_^l

berant, lively; to be glad, happy, delighted;

to rejoioe, exult to

r^yj

r^s"

imra'a
pl.

(with

def.

article

iljll

almar'a)
II
I I

Bee j_J,

woman;

(aariha)

do

aa

one

likee,

proceed

wife

l'^ll

arbitrarily
I

(munbaia) Andromeda
mur'a and
Jjj-

(oafron.)

;.j_,.

murwa the
all

r/.
glee,

morai

joy,

cheerfulneas,

gaiety,
liveli-

mirth, hilarity, merriment,

ideal of

manhood, comprising
honor
virile;

knight-

ly virtues, esp., manliness, valor, ohivalry, generosity, aense of

ness

rj* marih
healthful,
|

pl.

j-y

marha,

^y marShi
eiuber-

,jj,

marf

l'oyful,

gay, happy, merry, cheerful, live-

manly,

salubrious,
[lij,

healthy,

wholesome

l^>

ly,

romping, hilarious, exuberant


-\j,

(hani'an) approx.:
I

may
will

it

do you
it (i.e.,

mirah

jollity,

hilarity,

much good!
food)l

hope you

enjoy

anoe
mirrih joyful, gay, happy, merry, f_j. oheerful, lively, romping, hilariouB, exu-

^ j tnori'

pl.

"Cy\ amri'a,

jy mur

eBophagus, gullet
jS"\j, marrkuP, marrbiP Marrakeoh (city
in

berant
*-jm

marh
. .

well done! bravo!

t_*

^-y

W Morocoo)
and
n.)

Morocoo

bravo to

^tTlj^ marrkitSt, marrkiH Moroccan


(adj.

,ly mimrh of

cheerful disposition,

gay-tempered, blithe; gay, jovial pereon


( one's

t>jM

mara(a u (marj) to suok, bite

^p-y marhaba

to welcome

( s.o.)

nngers); to aoften, crush, squaah,


( s.th.); to

maah

macerate, aoak (in water;

ry

mora&a a (mark) to
embrooate
one's
( the

oil,

anoint, rnb,

body)

II do.

to rnb
o.a.,

B.th.)
',_,.

akin
o.b.

with

a liniment,

oil

marj

pl.

^jy

murj graaB-oovered

anoint

Bteppe; pasture land;

meadow

flabby, Baooid rj. marik soft; Black,

~ JM i ~j\ harj tea-marj oonfusion, jumble t tumult,

IjjA mark liniment; salve, unguent,

hubbub

ointment
'f_S

'jlr-j*

-.

maraj disorder, oonfusion, jumble


:)

mirrik Mars (aslron.)


{*jj*

marjn, murjdn (ooU.; n. un.


ooralB
|

amall

iy marada u
(1*\ja

murd) and maruda u


re-

pearls;
goldttsh

jU-j*

<f tamak m.

mavida, lijy murida) to be

fraotory, recaloitrant, rebellious; to reooralli|

JU_,. marjanl ooralline, ooral,


(in

volt, rebel (J against)

to atrip ( a

oompounda),
J j*r

corallike,

coral-red

brauch) of

ita

leaves; to plaster, mortax,

UU^
reefo

atoll;

VWv

V^

ooral

face ( a building)

V to be

refraotory,

recaloitrant; to revolt, rebel (J against);

to be insolent, arrogant, overbearing

tamarjaha to Swing -Tj. marjaha to rook II back and forth, pendulate, dangle; to be in suspenso, be pending, be in abeyanoe

j iy muri!
pole, boat

pl.

jjIj maridiy (punting)

hook

J*s
j!j*

mard, marrd

pl. -Ajj'j-

marrid*

^.j maris

pl.

^lj-1 amrs seaaoned,

nape, neck
Ojjj

praotioed, experienced, veteran


pl. Ijj*

marid

muradd** refraotory,

***ja

marasa

pl.

.j-'j-l

amrs rope,

reoolcitrant, rebellioua
il^x"

cord, line ; cable, hawser

timrd

pl. ijjLc"

tamdrid* dovecot

,j-lj-

mirs and iUlj- marsa strength,


|

ij-l

omrod 3

f.

taj*

mard' 1

power
,

pl.

jj-

^1^1

J+-*

nAi

al-m. tractable,

murd
ered
j

beardless; leafleas (tree); dry, with;

manageable, doce, oompliant;

^J^

-bi-

or ^J^ll <^j^0 sa'b al-m. intraotable, un-

mly, refraotory; ^Jk\


tamarrud
refraotoriness,
recaloiity,

**>** intraotabil-

unmlinesa,

refraotorinesB,

calci-

trance, disobedience, Insubordination; uprising, insurrection,

tranoe
i-jj- marisa a kind of beer

mutiny, revolt, rebel-

Hon
jjU mrid
pl.

-n, Sj* marada,

i\^

^j^. marisi hot south wind

{tg.)

murrd
giant
Sjjj>

refraotory, recalcitrant, defiant;

i-jU mumrasa pursuit, exeroise, praoticing (of

rebel, insurgent;

demon,

evil apirit, devil;

a profesaion); exeoution, imple-

mentation; practical application; prao.

mutamarrid refraotory,
disobedient,

tice; experienoe, routine; negotiation

recalci-

trant,

inaubordinate,

mu-

^js

tamarrus praoticing, praotioe

(u-

tinous, rebelliouB

of an activity, of a profeesion)

J*j mardaqt marjoram


Ljjj marzvbn
pl. iijij-

LL-j- marsiliy Marseille (seaport


France)

in

SE

marziba vicegeJi~j* marsin myrtle (myrtus;


bot.)

rent, provincial governor, satrap (in an-

cient Persia)

^ja
J-jf-jj*

maraJfa u (marS) to soratoh (* s.th.)


(field)

^yrJj* mar&tjS,

marzanjS

Jlij- marsal

marshal

^ja marasa u
maoerate
practica
(intr.)

(mars) to soak (In water),

J-V

murs Morse (code)

(* B.th.) III to exercise, puraue, (*


B.th.,

,-** mari^a a (mara4) to be or beoome


sick; to fall
ill,

esp.,

profeBaion);

be taken

ill

II

to

make

ill

to practica,

have or operate a
{*

or sick

( s.o.);

to nurse, tend

a sxok
(

practica;

to carry out, execute

an

person) IV to

make

ill

or siok

a.o.)

action); to apply o.a. {* to s.th.), go in


for (*)
;

to be infirm, ailing, sickly,

weak VI

to

to try

V to rub

o.a.

(<_*

with,

feign illness, malinger

against);
(^j

to have trouble, be at odds

^ja marod
JJiJI
(

pl. ,j>'j-l

amrqL diseaBe,
siokness
,jij
|

with) ; to exercise {lj an office), pursue,


{<_*

malady, ailment;

illness,

practice
with),

a profesaion); to work
in

(<_;

,>LJ1 m. al-bayd ad-daqiqt mil,j>j- ('asabi)

be

practical

contaot,

have VI to

de w; c~**

nervous disease,
dis-

actually to do

(v with
(<_*

s.th.);

to have to

neuropathy; Jap u"j*


ease;
Lj

0^) mental

cope or atmggle
fight, struggle,

with

B.th.)

*i-

^jij* (fakml) blight, blast (of

contend with each other

grain);

jij

{firanjt) Syphilis;

^j*

^j' mars
getting
all

game which

i8

won by

a (mu'din) contagious

disease;

^jA

the tricks

LiL

(bfiniya) internal diseases; u-^j-l

U*J*
\j+ (nrriya) venereal
diseases;

904

^lj-1

3j*

maraqa

(3jj

murg)

to

pierce,

ijJ-* (fadriya) diseases of the ehest, pul-

penetrate (j* s.th. or s.o.; esp., of an


arrow), go or pass through (j-); to dart,

monary

diseases

^0j murtfin aee


tyij*

^j
Compounds)
martf,

rush, shoot, or fly past, pass swiftly; to

hurry
(e.g.,

away, scamper away; to stray


of an arrow); to digress, deviate;
(esp.

man4i relating to disease, morhid,

pathologioal, patho- (in


,jiijA

to renege, renounce
true faith)
|

^oJl

j*
(lit.
:

the the

mari4

pl.

^y.

^j
|

^Jl

3j (sahmu)
i.e.)

mar$

siok, J, ailing; diseased; unwell,

arrow has passed through,


i

the matter

indisposed; siok person, patient


l

^.j*

finished,

done with,

settled II to sing

jJu (nafn) psyohopath

3j* maraq

and

iij*

maraqa broth,

^ly
ailing
tjiiye

mimr4

sickly, in

poor health,

bouillon; gravy

3jj murq straying, deviation; apostamrif sick-nursing


tasy, defection, desertion, disloyalty

^iji mwnarrv} (male) sick nurse, hospital attendant;

Sjj murqi
fessional

(tun.)

nickname of pro-

ambulance man,

firat-aid

Koran

reciters in Tunis; (tun.)

man;

doctor'B aaaistant
(f.)

pallbearer

*->y mumarrvfa siok nurse, nurse


^j0j-^

JjU m&rxq
straying;

pl.

Jl^ murrq, j maraqa


renegade,
defeotor,

mutamarr%4

sickly,

in

poor

apostate,

health, ailing

turncoat, deserter; heretic

JjU mumriq
]j

insolent,

impudent
at,

marafa u (marf) to tear out, pull out,


pluck out (* hair)
l*ij+ II do.

V to fall out
amraf*,
f.

(haii)

jfj* II
in);

tamarkaza to concentrate (j on,


to settle, establish
o.s.,

marif and

J^l

j-

gain a foot-

mart'*, pl. J^.

murf hairless

ing, take root; to oonsolidate one's poai-

tion ; to gravitate (to)

fj* mara'a a (mar*) to rub over, anoint (*


s.th.)

fj* \fj*
jS"j look

etc., aee

fj

9j mar*

pl.

fj\ amru',

s-ljJ

omni*

up

alphabetioally

pasture
*t-j

jfjX tamarkuz concentration ; oonsoloil

mur'a grosse,

idation (of a poeition)

m^j*

marf

fertile,

produotive (bo)

^iTlj- marrdkuP,
in

marrkW Marrakech
;

(city

f\jt mimriC thriving, flourishing, pros-

W Morooco)
and
n.)

Morocoo

perous (city)
ft* II to
roll (in

,y\j marrkuH, marrHSi Moroccan


(adj.

the dust) (*

s.th.);

to rub
soil,

over (a
sully,

s.th.); to

rub (*

B.th.)

IV to

j"j*

markfz marquis

make
(esp.,

dirty {* s.th.)
in

T
to

to

roll,

wallow

the

dust) ;

waver

j*j* (Fr. marmiton) marmatn and jU*j*


pl. -dt

irresolutely
1

kitchen boy, Bcullery boy


to be or
II

{rjf-j*

marfarin margarine

jja

marmara

beeome

bitter; to

become angry
,>ij-

tamarmara to murmur,

mwfln morphine

mumble; to grumble

905

n?
jX tamarrun exercise, practice, training

*j*j*

marmar marble
<Sj*j*

marmari marble
(eg.)

(adj.)

jt mumarrin trainer, ooach; instruo-

^aj

marmafa

to spoil,

damage

(*

tor; drill sergeant

s.th.)

bj mumarran practioed, seasoned, exjL*j* see ojl*j*


perienoed, trained, skilled (J* in); ao-

customed, used (J* to)


U-V* mirmls rhinooeroe
x

j*z*

mutamarrin practiced, seasoned,


trained,
skilled
(

j* marana u
*jjj

(ijlj-

marna, jj* murfln,


be
pliant,
flexible,
iilj-

experienced,

J*

in)

murna)
elaatic;

to

ductile,

(<Jjj-

murn,

accustomed, used {J* to); probationer, undergoing probation, probationary


'jjjL*
l

marna) to be or beoome accustomed,


get uaed (J* to) to train, drill ( s.o.); to accus tom, condition, season, inure
pl. <Jjl>*

look

up

alphabetioally
in

jj*

(J*
to)

J* s.o. to), make ( a.o.) get used V to become accus tomed, get uaed
(

mono Merv (present-day Mary, town Turkmen S.S.R.)


tjj*

train

practice (J* s.th.), (J* to); to exercise, J* in), be practiced, trained, (


drill

marwi, marawi native of Merv


(ooll.; n.

jja

marw

un.

pebble;

flint

experienoed (J* in); to be drilled,


j+

mann pliant, pliable, flexible, bendextensible;


yielding,
ijj*

*jj* see ljj


l

ing; elastio; plastic; supple, limber, lithe;


ductile,

iij* III to
s.o.);
(

wr angle, argue, dispute


( s.o.);

(*

with

oompliant
pliancy,

to realst, oppoae

to oonteat

Z\j*

marna and

murna

s.th.)

VIII to doubt (j B.th.)

pliability, flexibility; elastioity; duotili-

ajj*

murya,

mirya

doubt,

quarrel,

ty; plastioity; agility, nimbleness;

reeili-

wrangle, argument, dispute


\ja

enee
j-^jjt

mir' quarrel, wrangle, argument,


|

tamrin

pl.

-t t

,>jU"

tamrin*

dispute; doubt

*\j*

1b (bi-l) or

\ja *i

exercise, practice, training; military training,


drill;

*J

(mir*a)

incontestable, indisputable,

practical experience; expert-

unquestionable, undisputed, unoontested;


b\

neas, skill; preparatoiy training, (period

*\j*
. .

it is

an incontrovertible fact
. .

of ) probation, apprenticeahip, traineeship |


jl-Uil
*j-C*if

tbat

. ,

unquestiouably

(ibtid'l) basic training;

^jU"
Ulj- pl. of sT^. see

{jundiya) or ij^S^

ob^c" (*askari*

^j

ya) military exercises, maneuvers;


iiLjll

O lj j*
(rn.il.) ;

maryam* Mary, Maria fj*


<jj- maryamiya sage
[bot.)

Coaching, tutoring ; extra

drill

-^Ijj

ob/ (riy4iya) gymnastio exer^Jl


c*-

oiaea ; j.

undergoing preparatory

y mazza u
y*

(maxz) to suck
Bourish, acidulous
pl. -i

training, engaged

on probation

(offlcial,

muzz

employee)

*y mazza
b\j*

and

ijl

mzza

(eg.)

mirn expertness,

skill; exercise,

relishes, appetizers

(taken with drink)


-lj*

praotice, drill, training; habituation, habit;

accustomedness; practical experience

rj* mazaja u

(ynazj,
(,>j

mizdj) to mix,

routine

mingle, blend

different things,

; ;

c>*
s.th.

906

with)

III

to form a mixture or

pick, pluck (a wool or cotton); to tear

Compound, be mized, be blended, mix,


mingle, blend, oombine (* with s.th.);

to pieces {*

s.th.)

to adapt

o.a.

{*

to

s.o.),

humor

5pJ> muz'a, mii'a pl. f-j- mutet',

m%za'

(*

s.o.)

VI to intermiz, intermingle, interblend,


be intermixed, be intermingled VIII to be mized, be mingled, be blended, mix,
mingle, blend
jtJ>
(

piece, bit, bite; flock of

wool

Jj- mazaqa
(* s.th.)
s.th.);

(mazq) to tear, rend, rip apart


II

to tear, rend, rip apart (*

with)

to tear up, tear to pieces, shred

mazj mixing, blending


i*.j*l

(* a.th.)

V to get torn, be
snap

rent; to be in

ahreds, get torn to pieces; to burst open,


^lj- mixj pl.

amzija mixture,

tear, break,

medley,

blend;

temperament,

temper,
Jj> mazq tearing, tearing up, rending;
tear, rent, rupture

nature, dispoaition; frame of mind, mood, humor, vein; physical Constitution; condition,

{state

of)

health
|

^j

g\j*

j- mizqa
off,

pl.

jj* mizaq piece torn

(damawi)
iSj\>j~

aanguine

temperament; ^ij*

shred

(saudwt)

melancholie tempera(pafrwi)

jijS tamziq tearing, rending, shredding, fragmentation

ment;
gaml)
lLII

^jl>L*

^lj-

cholerio
{bal>
*
I

(or bilious)

temperament;

phlegmatio

ji> ^j* (J temperament ;


-J-U

ji

J>J-.

mazmaza

to sip
un.

('fflin)

populr taste;

*'>
y>

delicate
^l^il

nature,

weakly

Constitution
^l^il

muzn
clouds

(coli.; n.

;, pl. jj*

muzan) rain

j S j-

hot-tempered;

*_>_^-

munharif al-m. unwell, indisposed, out


of sorts; ,j\j* Jiljj ^ li (yuwfiqu) thia
is

\j* mazxya
pl. -t

pl. Llj-

mazy and jL. mziya

advantage; privilege, prerogative;

not to

my

taste

excellence, auperiority; merit, virtue

j* mazij compounded, blended (^ of )


mixture, medley, blend (,y of); combination,

u^*

masaa a (mass, Lr^* maala) to


touch
( s.o.,

feel,

Compound,

finger, handle, palpate ( s.o., * s.th.); to


* s.th.); to violate (* s.th.

alloy

gjlc

tamvuj intermixing,

intermin-

aacred),

infringe

(*

upon);

to oohabit

gling, interblending, intermixture


r\'s*\ imtizj

(* with a

woman); to
|

hit, befall ( s.o.;

damage, calamity)
mixture, blend
#_^-j

^iL <_.

(bi-adan) or

<_. (bi-s'in) to hrm, wrong, hurt


;

rj mazaka a {mazh) to joke,


III to joke,

jeat,

make fun

B.o.

^iJI ^-j

^^

to be injurious,

dam-

make fun
~-\j*

with

s.o.)

aging to
B.th.;
Jl

s.th.,
i*-Li-l

hurt,

impair, prejudice
(hjaiu)
(it)

j* mazh,

muzh, mizh and

circum-

i*-lj>

stances

require...,

is

necessary,

mitzha joking, joke, jest, fun


^lj>

urgently needed;

^^
(

(lugman) to hit
s.o.);

mazzh and

*-jL*

mzih joker,

a mine

III

to touch

to be in

jeater, buffoon,

wag

touch, be in contact

with

s.o.)

VI to

touch each other, be in mutual contaot


jj. mizr a kind of beer

^
tear

mass touching, touch;

contact;
fit

j* maza'a a
along,
s.th.);

(maz')

to run, bound,

misfortune, calamity; attack,

(of a

gallop along;

to tear apart (*
* a.th.
off")

disease); insanity, madnesa, frenzy, pos-

to tear, rip

(^

II to

session

^^J-l
|

^^

m. al-humm attack of

907

fever; >J-l j-

*LI (o^JioA) he haa

(*

B.th.);

to rub,

anoint

a.o.);

to

gone orazy
i~*

oajole, coaz, wbeedle,


(n. vio.)

penuade

( s.o.);

mtuaa
.

touoh
feeling,

to Chriatianize

( s.o.) III ( s.o.)

to oajole, ooax,

wbeedle, penuade

^-l

to wipe
s.o.),

o.a.,

miss

touching,

han-

waah

o.a.;
(>->

to provoke

(t->

pick a

dling, fingering, palpation; violation (^


of),

quarrel

with)
olean-

infringement, enoroaohment

(>->

e.g.,

upon a
taot
it
|

right); oonneotion, relation, oonJ

*
ing ;

rruuh wiping, wiping off;

^ ^L*
.

it is

oonneoted with
it

rubbing,

embrooation ;
(extreme)

anointing,

touches upon

...,

oonoerns;

^i

anointment,

unotion;

land

^ l

conoerning

. . . ,

regarding
|

aurrey
. .

^-i motfb touohing, touoh


i-U-l

j^ x*
if (or is

mish pl.

G>- mush

ooarae woolen

abould the neoeaaity arise,


Jl 4*-U-l
. .

fabrio, hairoloth, saoking; pl. h&ir shirt,

when) neoeaaary;
in urgent

^-i

j ^ he

monaatio garb, monk'a frook


labisat

r>-ll i -J

need of

-musha to take the

veil,

beoome

a nun
i-U fflURubM touohing, tangency; adjaoancy, oontiguity; oontaot
i*-*

masha
tinge,
(fig.);

(n. vio.)

a rubbing, em-

brooation; anointing, anointment; uno-

^U"

tamss (mutual) oontaot

tion;

shade,
traoe,

air,

appearanoe,
s.th.)
|

^L
also

mdss tangent; touohing, (^ a.th., fig., upon s.th.); adjaoent, adjoining,


j

veneer

touoh (of

,j*i^\ <** extreme unotion; <j*i^.\


***-J.L

oontiguous; urgent pressing, important

to adminiater extreme unction to

*-L

U-U

urgent need, exigenoy;


urgently needed;

1-U-I

a aiok person

Jl 1-L. it ia

jL^f ^L

^L- massah land surveyor; bootblack,


.

(kahrabd'i) ahort oirouit

shoeblaok, ahoeshine
U-l~*
area;

^-j-J mam*j touohed; palpable, tangible; mentally deranged, inaane

misha
aoreage;

pl.

-t

plane, Burface;

floor

space;

surfaoe

^\j mumss tangent

(math.)

extent; terrain aeotor (mtl.); surveying,

survey; geodeay; cadaatre

Jjw
4&~*
ik*
.

^\j VI

i*-l

(It.

mostarda) musiarda muatard

m. al-ardl land surfaoe; area, acreage;

mistika
(It.

tk*a^
pl. -dt

yi
tub

-Lrf (ma'iya)

area of water; **L*

-!II

maslahat al-m.

survey

depart*

masteUo) mastia

ment, land registry offloe


-_. masih pl. Im* musah'*,
|J

* nwMoAa a (m*wA)
hand
waah
(> s.th.); to (* B.th.); to

to atroke with the


off,

wipe

wipe away

rub off

(* fl.th.); to waah,

mash anointed; wiped, II the Measiah, Christ


l

clean,

smooth;

off (* a.th.); to wipe out, blot out,

/*j masihl Christian, Messianio;


a Christian
|

(pl.

eraae (* a.th.); to olean, polish (* a.th.);

-fl)

to amooth,
(* s.th.); to
(<_

smooth with a plane, to plane


rub
(<_*

^--li j^\ (dtn) the

Christian faith, Christianity


S.p.-U al-masihiya

a.o.

with); to anoint

a.o.

with); to deprive, diapoaaeas

Chriatendom Chris;

(j*

s.o. of),

take away, withdraw (j-

tianity, the Christian faith


.

from

s.o. s.th.);

(math, *-L*

misha)

to survey (* land, estate, etc.),

make a

i mimsah and -U mamdnA 1 dust oloth,


rag; doormat; aoraper

Uj

mimsaha

pl.

diah rag, floor

oadaatral aurvey (* of) II to wipe off

U maih
shine
rj*Jt

bootblack, ahoeblaok, shoe-

;_^

(It.

nuMfra) masfara

pl. jll_*

ma*i*r*

aample, speoimen; see also ^L-

mamsh wiped, wiped

off,

wiped

.Li-,

maaqap Maaqat (aeaport and

capital of

clean; cleaned; smoothed,

planed; pol-

Oman)
-iL-,

iahed; smooth; anointed; abraded,


(ooin)
|

worn
nuwafca

j> rj-i (ma'n) aenselesa, meaningless, inane


JJil
gr-L-iT

{mask) to grab, grasp,


{<-

elutch, olasp, seize

or * s.th.), take
(i~>

hold
timsh
pl.
**-lc"

(<-

or * of); to hold, hold fast

tamsih*

crooodile

or * s.th.); to stick, cling, oleave, adhere,

(zool.)

hang on
(nasjc) to

(<^>

to)

olLJ-l iL.

(hisbt)

-* mtuafca a s.o. from

tranaform

Jl

to keep the books, keep the accounts;

jjSi\ j

into),

transmute, convert

iL

(daffata l-u.) to

be at the
to soent

heim, be in oharge;
s.th.)

*iU

iL-, {lisnak)

<a s.th.); to falaify, distort (* s.th.); to

to keep one'a tongue in oheck

mar, apo {*
*-

with musk (*

s.th.); to

have

s.o.) seize

mask transformation, metamordistortion,

or hold IV to seize, grip, grasp, olaap,


elutch, hold
(<~>

phosis; transmutation, con Version; falaification,

or *

a.th.)

to hold fast,

misrepresentation

grab
hair,

(i_j

or

*, s.o., s.th.,

s.o.

by bis

metempsychoeis
*_. mask, misfe pl. ry~* mu*& transformed into an animal; misshapen, de-

and the

like);
(*,

to hold back, keep,


s.o., s.th.,

detain, restrain

je from);

to withhold, not to

ezpend

(* s.th.); to

formed, disfigured; ugly, mi&shapen midget; freak, monstrosity; monster

refrain, abstain, keep, desist

(^

from),

forbear, cease, stop {je doing s.th.), keep

away, remain aloof {je from); to keep,


*i* muska
(eg.)

buffoon, harlequin,

retain (<Ju

down

J*

* a.th. for o.s.)


...I

iU*

(amsik)

keep

masijf

tranaformed

disfigured,
in*

tvqifan) to hold o.a.

dl.1 *- iL-*l upright; Xj iL_l


|

LiSlj

defaced,

deformed, ugly; taateleaa,

{bi-yadikt) to take s.o.


-0

by the hand; dl.1


hand; c\
fold

sipid, atale

{yaddh) to take

s.o.'s

rj~ mamsk tranaformed; marod, apoed disfigured, defaced, deformed,


;

jj-L*Jl

j to stop publication,
*LJ

up
to

(newspaper);

dL_J

(iisdiwiA)
jl*J1

ugly
j*~~* maskara to ridioule, mock, deride (
s.o.)

keep one's tongue in check;


{bafna) to constipate (med.)

iL_l
to

to hold
s.th.);

on, hold fast

(i_j

to), elutch
(i_j

(^

II

tamasfrara to

make fun

(J* of),

stick, cling, oleave


(<~> (<~>

to); to

hang on
adhere
harden,
(&-

laugh ( J* at)
X~*
II

to), persist

(i_j

in); to keep,
(pricea),
|

to

massage

(Li-!

a'f'ah s.o.'s

to a.th.);

to rise

limbs)

firm
(ooll.)

up

(quotations)

ul-uL

dlx
s.o.,

ahdbihi) to be most devoted to

be

A-. moKJ

pl.

j1*

mw&f, jl_J

at

b.o.'s

beok and oa, be under


jlll

s.o.'s

amsd palm

fibers, raffia

thumb;

i^IoaL dl/to adhere, cling


(ft-ra'yAi)

JL-/ tomaiJ massage

to a.th.; *uly dl*"

to stick

^jj-U look up alphabetically


jy* mwrd the 12th month of the Goptio
calendar

to one's opinion VI to hold together, be


firmly

connected,
o.s.,

be

interlocked;

to

compose
remain

pull

o.a.

together;

to

undaunted,

remain

calm,

be

909

oompoaed; to etay on one'a


fll

feet; to

be in
to
to to

of the market, hardening of quotations

possession

of

one's

strength;

iLiil ji\i legal moratorium, moratory

refrain, abstain,

keep (j* from)


adhere
(->

law

(jur.)

keep,

stiok,

cling,

to) ;

dL*le"

tamsuk

holding together, oo-

grab, seize

(->

s.th.); to refrain, abstain,

hesiveness; coherence; oohesion {phya.);

keep ( j* from)
dl
tention

firmness, solidity; tenaoity


seizure,
grip,

mask
y'LiaJl
|
I

hold ;

deiJl*i-l isiimsdk adherence, loyalty


(i_*

dl bookkeeping; dl

oIjLJ-

m.

aZ-Ad6<B

keeping

to)

of

ao-

counts, aocountancy

iLj mumasmk musky,


perfumed
dl

muak-scented,

Sw* TTUwia

pl.

masakt grip, hold


f.)

il* miak (m. and


fn,

muak ^\
|

iLj mwnaik

holding, olutohing, grab-

al-jinn a variety of goosefoot (ChefUA-'l

bing; checking, restraining, withholding;

nopodium Botrys;6ot.);
kiim
lit.
:

dl* m.

economical, thrifty; grasping, greedy, aval-

the

conoluding

musk

aricious
(i.e.,

with whieh, originally, a letter was


ly perfumed),

final-

dl-.u mutamossik holding fast, hang-

the best following in the

ing on, clinging, adhering; tenacious ; firm,


solid

end, the crowning touoh

Sw* miaka a
a whifF (j* of)

little,

a touch, A glimpse,

dL* mutamsik holding together, ooherent, cohesive, hanging together, firmly

dl* mutuk and *5w* muaaka grasping, greedy, avaricioua

connected, interlocked; continuoua, uninterrupted; firm, solid; tenacious

*SL-* mujjfca

pl.

dl* musak
j

handle;

dl....:..,*

mualamsik

composed,

calm

hold; grip; handhold, support

J.VI *
s

(mind)

m. oX-amaX that to which hope clings


*SL-* mudjfca, mrtsuka
fco,

jK

muskti muscatel (wine)

and iTl

ttuw*

miska avarice

II

tamaskana to become poor, be

re-

duced to poverty; to pretend tobe poor;

(jK* muakn earnest money, pledge


ilL_* mwife

to feign poverty or humility; to be submissive, servile, slavish, fawning


ilSL-.

dam, weir; hem, border

iL* maaik tenacious; avaricious, miserly; watertight, waterproof


iJL_*l

maskana poverty, misery; hum-

bleness, humility, submissiveness

imsk seizure; restraint, deten-

<>-*. miakin
poor,

pl. -n,

^fl* moakin'

tion, check; stop, cessation; abstinence;

miserable;

beggar; humble, sub-

avarice; constipation (med.); time of the

missive, servile

day which marks the beginning of the

Ramadan
i-TlJ

fast

j
calendar of fasting

II to

wiah
111

{ s.o.)

a good evening

ill

jU^b

masska
III

Uhu

bi-l-kair

good

imskiya

evening!

see

*-*

III;

IV to enter
in the <Lj
**.,* IUI

during the month of

Ramadan

into evening; to be or
;
|

become

dlc tamassuk adherence; devotedness,


devotion, attachment; written commitmenfc, I

evening to be, become *Li j


iS
-j,\

Ijl

(aabdha) he doea so in the mornin the evening

U;

firming-up, or consolidation,

ing

and

910

U*

masa

pl.

#1*l

ams*,

oL-*l
|

jJL*

maiaqa u

{rnaSq) to
s.th.); to

draw

out, rtretoh,
(* s.th.); to

amriyi evening; mas'an in the evening

extend (*

comb

u^\

L- mtu'a amsi yesterday evening,


jjtl

tear, tear up, shred (* s.th.); to whip,

last night;
jj.'b

U. m. al-kair or

pU*
the

lash

( s.o.)

V to be or
s.o.);

get torn or shredded

good evening! L.
in the

^U* paMAa
in

VIII to Bnatch away,


a.th.

whip away

(j- *

miw'a mornings and eveningB,

from

to draw, unsheathe (*

morning and

evening
|

the sword)

JLi-Illl

mas'l evening <adj.)


the evening news
pl.

jL^lH

JJL.

maiq

pl.

Jli-1

amiq

model,

pattern (esp., one to be copied in writing)

4^1 umsiya
jj
(j-.

^.U amany

evening

JJL.

miiq Blender, slim, svelte


pl. JJL*

jj*^ 1^ U P alphabetically
or
i

L. miSga

misaq flock of wool

cotton; rag, clout, shred; scrap of

ffUM

{maay) to

make

lean, cause to

carding wool; scrap of hemp,

oakum

lose flesh,

emaciate {* livestock; of the


j_i.

maMq

elender, slim, svelte


flax

heat)
i3UL*

muq scrap of

or hemp;

jz-a (Fr. Monsieur) miay Mr.; sir

oakum, tow
4JLL*

Crom a bone) to macerate, aoak


;

mo&Sa u (maiS) to suck the marrow (* in water

muSqa scrap of
|

flax or

hemp;

oakum, tow

j j*- Li-

floss

(* s.th.)

^ mS whey
^jJL* ma&-S napkin

JLtJul imtiSq Blenderness

3jli mam&q alender, Blim, svelte 3jlt


j

aLJ-IT {ka-l-husm) elender as a wand

^i-

ma&ij gamete, germ

cell

diiU look up alphabetically


jjlL. miSlaut sweet-kerneled apricot
JL.

t- maiaha a (maSk) to administer extreme


unction
(

to

b.o.)

mihnii
|

(coli.; n.

un.

aprioot; apricot

Jl* jtiaSha

extreme unotion
tree

J^f

^y-

(KIdoi) bitter-kerneled
,ji*JL.

.kl*

maiafa u

{mai}) to

comb

II do.

V and

aprioot; ,sj*- or ^jjJ

(lauzi,

ha

VIII to

comb

one's hair

motvi) sweet-kerneled apricot

U. mii^

pl.

amSf, iLL.

mi&f comb;
Ul* m.
-*J'

J-*- ffiuimuUd, mtfmttt


*1--

medlar

(6oJ.)
(bot.)

rake; bridge (of stringed instrumenta);

muimuZa, miSmila medlar


(city
in

O {mtl.) cartridge
rijl

clip
|

J*-jJl

ar-

metatarsus, instep (anal.);


(anoi.)

-k^

Xi\ al-maihad Meshed


(jJL*

NE

Iran)

m. al-yad metacarpus
li*-

and *) ji* mai


t

{maiy) to go on

mui/i toothed, indented, jagged,

foot,

walk; to go; to pace, Btride; to


;

den tte j com bke, peotinate


Jt-lx" famJtf
J^iL.

move along, prooeed make


fit,

to

march

3~-*J b ,^1*

combing, carding (of wool)


barber, hairdresser
lady's

to scatter slanderous rumors


( s.o.)

II

to let or

md#

go or walk; to adapt, adjuat,


{** * s.th. to) III to

accommodate

LiU

mfo

maid;

(woman)

keep pace, keep


with

in atep

with

s.o.);
(*,

to

hairdresser

go along, keep up, keep abreast


with
s.o.,

VV

mumaiSaf combed, carded (wool)

s.th.),

keep to

a.o.'s

(.)

911

aide; to be likeminded (j
8.th.)>

witb

b.o. in

matta

{Ist pers. perf. mafiitu)

a and

be guided by the same consider{

(Ist pers. perf.

maoptu) u (mo^) to suck,


in,

ations or principlee

es s.o. in s.th.),
s.o.

suck up, soak up, Bck


s.th.); s.th.);

absorb

(*

act in unison

(j

witb

in

s.th.)
(

to
to

sip,

lap,

lap up, liok


s.th.)

up

{*

IV

II; to

have an aperient

effect

suck out (*

V to

sip

on

s.o.;

med.) V to go on foot, walk; to


stroll,

gradually, drink in small Bipa (a s.tb.)


VIII to Bck, suck up, suck in (* s.th.); to Bip, lap, lap up, lick

take a walk, to

promenade; to
to

walk slowly

saunter ;

pace,

move
agree,

up

(* a.th.); to (* s.th.)

along, stride along; to keep step, keep

soak up, absorb, swallow up

up,

keep

abreast,

go

along,

j/k

matt

sucking,

suction,

harmonize, be compatible, be -consistent,

suok,

sucking up, soaking up, soak,


abaorption
|

soakage,

be in accordance, be in keoping
fit,

(** with),

suit

(u

s.th.),

be appropriate, cors.th.)
;

U*L\

<^.^i qa$ab al-m. sugar

cane
4~ma maffia (n. vic.) Bucking, suok, suo-

respond, come up (- to

to proceed
tion; sip

(J* in accordance with a principle or method) ; to foow, observe ( Jp a


principle)
|

*JL*jl

^ix

approx.: to

j^L*. mafd one wbo

Bucks, sucker;

perfuse

s.o. 's

limba (of a Sensation); ^ix"

cupper; bloodsucker, extortioner, usurer

Ll>jj iL- (jVatan wa-dahban) to walk

back and forth, pace up and down

oL&*
s.tb. to

muffa that which one suclu,


suck
|

<_~*iJt

L*L** m. al-qa$ab

jJU maho a laxative, aperient


^i*
*-i*

Bugar-cane refuse
*_*L ma#$a Bcreech owl; vampire
gait,

ma&y

going, Walking; walk

mi&ya manner of Walking,

o+z-** mafi$ moist,

damp

(ground)

pace, step, bearing, carriage


lt*'-** mi$ei$ string, twine,
.LL.

packthread
sucker;

maif'

pl.

-n good walker; walker


^j+i

mima$

suction

(alhkt.)

pipe,

O
4jLL>

siphon

maiSya

pl.

-t

long,

narrow

carpet, runner;

baby walker, gocart;

u*Lmi*\
abBorption

imtif sucking, suck, suction;

haway,
^yix

corridor; footpath, path(way)


pl.

sucking up,
|

Boaking up, soak, soakage,

mami

^U

^l*i*y\ iy qwat

al-xmt.

mam&in hallway,
passage;
aisle;

Buction

corridor,

passageway,

footpath, path(way), aey; promenade;


crossing, overpass,

j*^
,j*i

mamfif soaked up; drained,

bridge; bridge of a

exhauated; emaciated, very lean, skinny

ship; runnor, small rg

mumiaf soaking up, absorbing;

J*) in conformity with, in accordance with, ac-

L-Lc

tama&Hyan ma'a

(or

absorbent, absorptive
j-** II to found, build, settle, civilize, colo-

cording to

nize (* a place); to Egyptianize,


pl. Li.

make
a
big

^L, mHin

muik going, Walksoldier,

Egyptian
ulated,

(* s.th.)

V to become a poparea,

ing; pedestrian;

foot

infantry-

civilized

become

man;
foot

Liil

the infantry; LiL, m&iyan on

city, a metropolis ;

to Egyptianize, adopt

Egyptian ways; to become an Egyptian


pl.

LiL miiya
atock, cattJe

^il^*

mawiin

live-

j-4<

mifr

pl.

jL1 ampr

big

city;

metropolis,

capital;

rnifr* t

(colloq.)

912

mafr Egypt; Cairo)


-U-uU
Cairo)
Heliopolis

I^lJI

j*a Cairo; y^.


of modern

u+*
ing,

madd

pain,

torment,

torture,

(seotion

anguish, agony; painful, burning, Bting-

smarting

4^** mifri Egyptian; Cairene;


-n)

(pl.

(j-i-i.

madad

pain, suffering, torment,

an Egyptian; a Cairene, a native of

torture, anguiah,
tress; sour

agony,
,j-i-i.
|

affliction,

dis-

Cairo
*ij***

milk

J* unwillingly,

miffiya Egyptianism, Egyptian


character;
or girl
mafiir
pl.
(pl.
-t)

reluctantly, grudgingly

national

Egyptian

^Li mudd
aalt

brackiah

water, brine,

woman

water

>u

\r**\

amfiira,
pl.

ulj-*.

<*iLi* tnadda agony, torture


ljii

muprn, ^jL** ma$rinx gut;


intestinea, guts, tripe; aee also
jwfct"

bowela,

mumidd

agonizing, tormenting

under jwr

j^a madara, madura u and madira a (madr,


tamfir settling, settlement, oolcivilization ;

onization,

Egyptianization

madar,

j_j~i*

mudr) to turn sour (milk)

v .v mutamawi*
uralized in

Egyptianized, nat-

j^a madir and ja


J

^U mdtftr sour (milk)

Egypt
muffak* and $-* mapfa*
r,

Juat mu<toro the language of

Mudar, the rabic language

&L^*

nwxfl/afc',

k maatio, reain of the maatio tree (Pistacia lenticus) liquor diatilled from mas;

M- madaQa a
j."JSJI

u (madg)

to

chew
alur,

{* s.th.)

v^- (kalm) to

speak

in-

tic

*lL*dll ~j iajarat al-m,

maatic tree

diatinctly
;

(Piatacia lenticus; bot.)

M-

madg chewing, mastication


mvdga
bite,
pl. i-^>

J^>

mofiala

u to curdle

(milk); to strain,

*****

mu^
O
titbit
;

s.th. to

be

filter (* s.th.)

ohewed;
;

bit,

morsel; small chunk

J^. mapl whey


serum
serology
J**.
(med.)
|

(pl.

J>-*
J*

mu^l)
al-m.

of meat;
i-ir

embryo;

chewing
*iA<

gum

J>^11

'Um

^-

(fayyiba)
(ja'alah

<Ui-

lyVI
s.o.

mudgatan) to make

the talk of the town, send tonguea


s.o.

mapli serous (med.)


(* s.th.)
;

wagging about
to suok up,

--

ma#ma$a to suck

Li mudga
it *-

s.th.

chewed, chew, quid

soak up, absorb (*

s.th.);

to sip and turn

around in the mouth (* a liquid) II toma?ma$a to sip and turn around in the mouth ( a liquid)

madmada
i

to rinse

^L> madd
with
->:

(mudiy) to go away, leave,

depart; to

make

off,

decamp, abBcond;

u^a madda u
pai
(

(madd, ui~-i mad\d) to hurt, s.o.); to burn, sting ( s.o.); to


haraaa,

to take s.th. away,

remove

s.th.

to pass, elapse, go by, expire, run out


(time); to adrance, progress

torraent,
s.o.

trouble,

molest
perf.

(-

(j in); to
-),

with);

(Ist pers.

ma4%4tu)

proceed (j

in

or with a.th., also


\->,

( iJ

*~+* madad,

^^-i madld, <*L*


feel pain, sufiFer;

oontinue (j, also

a.th.,

to do

s.th.),

madada) to be in pain,

go on (j doing

s.th.);

topuraue, practica,

to be distressed, worried, troubled IV to

exercise (j s.th., also i^.

f\

mihnatin

cause pain

to

s.o.),

hurt

s.o.);

to

a profession); to penetrate deeper, enter


deeper,

torment, torture, agonize

( i.o.)

go deeper

(j

into

s.th.);

to

; ; ;

>
bring to an end, wind up, terminate,
^j.1

amd

sharper, more incisive,

more

conclude, accompliah, carry out, execute,

effective

perform (J*
out to do
(Li*
*Ljl*>

s.th.); (with imperf.) to set

s.th.,

proceed to do

s.th.;

i-c tamdiya execution, Performance,

accomplishment, completion;
passing (of time)
|

spending,
t.

mada)
iSsk

to be sharp, cut (sword)

cJJ\ t^kc"

ahwaqt

(aabtlah) to pass

away,
a-J1

die;
^c^*

pastime
Lil

*Li

* (li-aabiliht) do.; <S

J*

(6ai*)

jj+Z

to conolude a bargain; iUi Jp ^i. (Suhvrun) months have passed


(

imd' reazation, execution, aosig-

complishment, completion; signing,


nature
|

since then; **t

,^-i*

(kalmihi) to go

Li.^1
pl.
;

i_-*-L*

the undersigned
sharp,
in-

bygones
(fi-md)

on talking; iSk* U ^^a* let bygoneB be no more of that *+ ]fj iS


[ !

^L
keen,

mdin
cutting

^1^- mawdin

acute,

penetrating,

or

L^Jl

^a

iS

]fj

(zamn)
once,

cisive, effective; energetic; past,

bygone;
perfeot,

formerly,

previously,

heretofore,

^LLI

the

past;
|

past

tense,

before, in the past; J- JJi _/*

^is

preterit

(gram.)

jjl

^L

resolute,

lam yamdi gairu


take
..***

qalilin hatt it did


. . .

not
. .
.

determinedj^lU ^li\
jif mumdin
,ji/

(Sahr) last

month

long
*i-

until

before

long

signer, signatory

j*

min
II

sanatin

madat

one

year ago; JL ^*j and he went on to


say,

mumdan
(map})

undersigned, signed
to

and he added

to

make
(*

pass, cause

Ju maffa u
Stretch,
tight,

expand by
(*
s.th.)
;

pulling,

to go by; to spend, pass (> time,


s.th.)

with

draw out

to

draw
II

IV to spend, pass

time); to

tighten,

tauten

(*

s.th.)

to

carry out, execute, perform, accomplish,

expand, stretoh
abuse
( s.o.)

(* s.th.); to soold, revile,

conclude, terminate, wind up, bring to

to expand; to Stretch; to

an end
(*

(* s.th.); to pass,

put behind

o.a.

distend, widen, spread, lengthen; to be

examination); to undersign, sign (*


|

capable of extension or lengthening, be

s.th.)

J* ^1

iS

.\

[amrah) to throw

expandable, stretchable, elastic; to be


rubberlike
.L*

one's fll support behind s.th., endorse


s.th.

wholeheartedly

ma

expansion, extension, stretoh-

^* mudiy departure, leare; passing;


lapse,

ing, distention, lengthening,


iLL.

drawing out
extensible,

elapsig, expiration (of a period


;

of

time)

oontinuation

of

mafff

expandable,

s.th.)

stretchable,

deeper
into);

penetration,

deeper

insight

elastic ;

dilatory ;

rubbery

(j

carrying out, execution, pursuit


|

rubberlike; rubber; caoutchouc


JJ*c"

(j of an intention, of a plan)

5-dl

^k* m.

tamattut

expandability,

exten-

al-mvdda lapse of time, superannuation;


jII

sibility, elasticity

^Ax

ilLi'l (tamalluk)

usucapion, pre(m. iz-zarnan)

scription {jur.); j*j)l


lastingly, for long,

^ J*

J matara u to rain

(|<JI
;

oJm

mafarat

is-mmau
rain
( s.o.;

it

rained)

to

permanently;
oontinuation

shower with
(t_

j
of

Ai\ lS

^ji-

(harb)

the

of the sky); to pour out

the

over

s.o. s.th.),

war
with);

shower, douse

(t_

s.o.

to

do,

render

s.o.,

_^

bi-

*L>
tration
,

ma$' sharpness, keenness; penesagacity ,


|

hairin

a good tum, a favor); to run

acute

discernment

swiftly (horse), speed

away IV
(<_

to rain

energy

jjl

Li. strength of purpose,

{of the sky); to cause (* s.th.) to rain

resolution, determination, energy,

go

(J*

upon); to shower

s.o.

with

>
or or
*

914

J* upon J* upon

s.o.

B.th.),

heap
|

(i->

hammering
tarry,

(* iron); to
(<->

postpone, defer,
with) III to
;

s.o.

s.th.)

*JU

jk.1

delay; to put off

* s.o.

(wbikm) or ,y Jil^j jk.1 (Wwbilin) he showered him with a hau of


,y ^'j
(e.g., stones),

temporize,
(<-

take one's time

to

put

off

b.o.

with)

with a rain of
(e.g.,

(e.g.,

blows),

Jjk

mafl deferring t delaying, pro-

with a flood of
etc.
a.o.)

abuses, threats),

crastinating, tardy, dilatory, slow

to ask for rain; to ask (,> or

a favor; to wiah (a for


to invoke,
call

s.th.), desire

<Lk. mafUa
iron

pl. JJlk.

mafaiP wrought

(*

s.th.);

down

<a

J*
klf

upon

s.o. s.th.)

mumpa

postponement,

de-

jk. ma^ar
jlk.^1

pl.

jlk.1

amfr rain

k*

ferment, procrastination, delay


(jk*) Ik.

A+J

mahaffa li-rad

al-a. pluvio-

ma u

(ma/w) to quicken one's

metrical Station
2jk* ma^ra, mafara
pl. -t

pace, hurry, walk fast IT to

mount

(*

downpour,

an animal); to ride

(*

on an animal)
(<-.

rain shower

to Stretch

o.b., loll;

to Stretch

s.th.,

one's body, one's limbs) ; to walk proudly,

jk. ma^tr and jb* mafir rainy, abounding in rain

strut,

swagger

VIII

to

mount

{*

an

animal); to board {* a vehicle), get in

J*t

mimfar

and

ij*

mimfara

pl.

(*),

get aboard

(*);

to ride (*

on an

jtL/ mamfir3 raincoat


^Ll. mfir rainy,

animal, in a vehicle)
_jk*

abounding in rain

matwa hour, time, moment


mafiya
pl.

Jus
rain rain
|

mumr
ij*

rainy,

abounding

in

4-k.

Llk*

mafy,

^k.

f\j*

rainy seasons, periods of

mafiy mount, riding animal; expedient,

means to an end, instrument,


-*

tool

jk* mafrana to raise to the rank of metropolitan

ma'a

(prep.) with,

Bimultaneously with,

or

arohbiehop,

consecrate

as

together with, accompanied by, in the

metropolitan or archbishop

( s.o.) II to*

oompany

of; in the estimation, eyes,

or

mafnzna to be inBtated or consecrated


as metropolitan {Chr.)
ljk rnttfrn, matrn, mi^rn
pl. jjlk.

opinion of ; in spite of, despite ; toward, in


relation to;

L* ma'an together; at the


;

same time, simultaneously


another
|

with

one

mafrina,

^ jlk.

mafrin* metropolitan,

jl

. .

although;

il>l

"^1

l **j

archbishop (Chr.)
i'^k.

wa-maa anna
nevertheless
offlce

. ,

i anna although

to be sure

but
L^
ia;

. . ,

it is

mafrana dignity or

of a

true

but
*

...; dlii

a* or l * in spite
still;

metropolitan, metropolit&nate, archiepis-

of it, nevertheleBB, notwithstanding,


i*

copate (Chr.)
SJ^k.

Jf

in spite of all that;

j^T *
for
^,-J

mafranlya,

*Jljk*

mufrniya

(kaunihi ganiyan) although he


all

is rieh,

pl. -t diooeae

of a metropolitan, arch-

his being rieh, rieh as


(laiaa)

he

bishopric, arohdiocese (CAr.)

4.J&-I

he

ia

not for the govern-

jk.

ment, he doesn't aide with the goverato

smack

one's Ups

ment;
it

kJLi-l

along the wall;


it

*a-

tT

Jk. mafala u (mafi) to draw out, lengthen,


extend,
(a

was with him, he had

with him;

Stretch

(*

s.th.);

to

Stretch

U what do you have with you?

a rope); to hammer, forge, shape by

what have you brought along? what 's

915

u
Jud mumta'itf annoyed, vexed, angry
upaet, excited

up your
you

aleeve? Ol

j** ~J1 (a-Zcufa)

don't you also think that...T wouldn't


flhare
^Jili

my

view that

. . .

Jj L> J*-i-l

4m

wta'maJa

vxuSa

Jjw

Lqaawati

ma'afa a (ma'f) to tear out, pull out,


pluok out
(* hair, feathere)

ma'ah he brought harsh measures to


bear on bim
Lju

.Um

ma'tf

and .Uul

am'ap,

f.

IL

ma'fya

Company

ma'l' 1 , pl. JM mu'/ hairless, bald


;

escort ;
j

auite,

retinue,
*iti

entourage,

attendants

i^r

iL* ma'a&a a (ma') to rub


4Jjj*a ma'karJia macaroni
1

(* a.th.)

{-*

j) in the oompany of ao-andvrf


herein encloaed,

bo;

ii

herewith
4**a*

mm T
Jm

ma'ma'a

pl.

to wind,

meander
have a
gaatrio ailment,

mL

mami' 1

confuaion,

jumble, mess, tohubohu; tumult, uproar;


turmoil ;
L****
pl.

pass. mxtida to
Buffer

wara, battles
(of

from dyBpepaia, have a atomaoh-

ma'mcfn raging, roar


turmoil,

aohe

storm),
pl. .u*

thick
(of

(of

battle),

'U ma'ida, mi'da


aoh

mi'ad Btom-

height,
J*-.^Jl

olimax

heat

and

oold)

uU*** m. a$-$aif high aummer;


deepeat winter

LlJl OL****

jJm

ma'irfi,

m'd$ of or pertaining to
|

the atomach, gaatrio, atomachic


*j-U* gastrio diseases; ij-U*

^j*\j\

'(j****

ma'ma'f yea-man
o.a.
(

(Aummd)
ja* IV to apply
one'a efforts

assiduouely, devote all

gastrio fever
ijJi

to s.th.) ; to be keen, in-

marrCd Buffering from a gaatrio

tent (j on), be eager (j for); to examine


closely,

diaeaae, diapeptio
ja* ma'ira

study

carefully,

aorutinize
a.th.),

a (ma'ar) to

fall

out (hair) IV to

(j a.th.); to go to extremes (j in

overdo,

carry

too

far
fix

become poor, impoverished, be reduoed


to poverty

(j

a.th.)
|

j**l

j
braggart, braggadocio,

jkJI

(naiara)
s.th.

to

one'a

eyea

on

B.th.,

regard

attentively,

examine

jL* ma"r
awaggerer

(eg.)

a.th. closely, acrutinize a.th.

to beoome
o.b.

engrosaed or abaorbed, bury


regard
attentively,
(coli.; n.

(j

in),

examine
(j at

carefully
s.o.,

ma'az J*. ma'z,

un.

) pl. j**l am'iut,

ju< ma'iz goat

(j
1 Jp|_p mauxS'iz goat

s.th.),

look

closely

at

s.th.), acrutinize

(j
pl.

s.o., B.th.)

J*L m'iz

pl.

y\ m'n
ceptacle,

,>*[>*

mauw'in* imre-

jL* ma"<3z goatherd


^-jm ma'tua

plement, Utensil, Instrument; vessel,


Container;
(coli.)

implementa,

(nw') to rub ( a.th.); to

Utensils, gear; (syr.)


_j*-U

ream of paper
-3t,

squash, crush (* a.th.)

m'na

pl.

,>*Lp fnauid'in'

r mdifa a {ma <f) and

VIII to be annoyed
at),

(e^.) lighter,

brge
Ol**!
i.

(J* by), be angry


a.th.)

(>

resent (j-

jl**l

tm'n and JkS\

an-nazar

close examination, careful study, scrutiny

(j> l*i*l tm/'

anger, resentment, an-

(j of a.th.); OLwl devotion (j to

s.th.),

noyanoe, diapleasure; excitement, agitation

care, carefulneas, aaaiduity, diligence, at-

tentiveness, attention

918

u**

yS

iama"un

oloae examination, carecare,

cill

*-

afa&

al-mvgna,

J*il

t--^

ful study, sorutiny:

carefulness

al-mugnd mahogany (wood)


|

y*zt oarefully

L-i. fno^nofa to

magnetize, subjeot to mag-

mew, miaow (y) U. ma' u (.U. mu'") to


(oat)

netio induction (* s.th.)

^^ki.
ma'y and .U. mi''
jull
pl.

mignafi),

magnafla magnet

'j* mi'an,
entrails

.1-1

O
net
|

JL-^S" trilt

(la***'') eleotromag-

am'a, ijj am'iya gut;


|

intestines, bowel,

.UVI the mall

intestine;

iJill jJll the large intestine

l.Li. mijnfw. _)^ magnetism


l

Tnagnfis

magnet;

jy^

im'ouH of or pertaining to the


|

^L-i.
i_
:

mignafM magnetio; hypnotio


mignafisiya and i^^**

intestines, intestinal; enterio

Sjj*1I ^^J-l

^-i.

ma 8*

(Aurnrnd)

typhoid fever, enterio fever,

netism

abdominal typhus
L-fi. magnlriyS magnesia

K^

ma'lya see *

Jyll
ili. mvQl
(eg.)

oJ-mutffl!

the Mongols; the Moguls

root of Glossostemon Bru-

J_^it jSj

Mongolia

guieri (bot.)

Jji.

mugW
u

Mongolian
(rm>0)

ji.

magar and
ji,\

mura reddish, russet oolor

ci.

maqaia

to

detest,

abhor,

amgar* reddish brown, rusaet

loathe, hate (. s.o., s.th.);


(Ili.

majuto u
de-

mogd&j)

to

be

abominable,

iiji.

magraba (mar.) Moroccaniiation

testable, loathsome, hated, odioua II

^^i. majafa to cause gripes; pass. mugita


(maQi) to have gripes or colio, suffer

maqaia; to make
s.o.),

(>

s.o.)

hateful (JI to
s.o.)

make

s.o. (Jl)

loathe (

from

colic

cJl.

nagt

hate,

hatred, detestation,

ijMi.

mgt, magaf and


|

^^

majlf

loathing, aversion.disgust; hateful, odious


,.-

gripes; colio
oolic

jjJS"

^-i- (iuJuH) renal

'

maqU and
hateful,

jy\l

mamqt hated,
detestable,

detested;

odious;

^yj

tnamgf suffering from

colio;

abominable, loathsome, repugnant, disgusting

having gripes
jJjOi* maq dnia parsley
ii. magata a

(ma) to

stretoh, extend,
j_,Ai-

ezpand, draw out

U do.
stretohable, elastio

maqdni Macedonian

(adj.

and

n.)

J^i. mtOamaji/il
(nibber)
Li.
;

tough, viscous, ropy, stioky

i maqa'a a {maq') to drink down ( s.th.) VIII pass.


turn pale
-->

avidly, toss

umtuqi'a to

magfam to magnetize, make magnetio,


mumtaqa'
pale, pallid,

subjeot to magnetio induotion ( s.th.)


II

wan, sallow
at s.o.), eye,

lamagfata to be magnetized, become

Ji. mojola u (ma^I) to look

(.

magnetio

regard
li.

( s.o.)

<Jam maftata magnetism


l->

muqla
OyJI li-

pl.
"

Ji.

mu?aJ eye; eye-

mumo^M

magnetized, magnetio

ball

al-'ain eyeball

917

-C
impost; market dues
|

jjLL maq&niq (= JJUJ) smaU mutton sausages (*yr.)

^-j&i

jli custom-

house

l. mafcfca* (usually followed by the epithet


4*jil oi-mujfcarrama) JL.

^ IC makka tax collector


iJL

Mecoa and
n.)

&1

ai-maktk Mexico

maiJ Meooan

(adj.

*&\ Mukalla (seaport in


ohief

Aden

Protektorate,

iljd

makkk

pl.

iLTK.

mottW
mawdttjfc1

town of Hadhramaut)
to

drinking cup; Shuttle

*j.
iljTl*

mdkk

pl.

iLTlj-

makwna u (SjtC makna) become strong to become


;

be or

influential,

drinking oup; Shuttle


<lSL>

gain influence, have infiuenoe (x* with


<t>jS^
live,

makafa

(makt,

mukl)

to

s.o.),

have power
consolidate,
flrmly,

II to

make
(*

Btrong or

remain, abide, stay,


(i_j

dwell, reside

firm,

strengthen,

cement,
to or

in a place)

eatablish

deepen

s.th.);

<tS^ makf and ttij* rnukf remaining,


staying, lingering, abiding; stay,

lend weight (* to s.th.); to put


aet

down

down

flrmly (* s.th.), give (* s.th.)


( a.o.)

sojoum

a firm atanoe; to put


(j* to do s.th.), give
(ja to

in a position

(* a.o.)

the possibility

do

s.th.),

enable (j*

a.b.

to do

* lo (Engl.)

makaddm macadam
(adj.

s.th.),

make

posaible

(>

for s.o. s.th.);

JjjSi.

makdnl Macedonian

and

n.)

to place (j*
furnish,

s.th.) in s.o. 's ()

handa; to
with);

provide

(j*

a.o.

to

Lij*&. makdniyd Macedonia

give or lend a firm position (J to

s.o.,

j* makara u (makr) to deceive, delude,


cheat, dupe, gull, double- croea
III

to s.th.);
over)

(^

s.o.)

to give power ( j J to s.o. IV to enable (j* a.o. to do s.th.);


(

to try to deceive

( b.o.)

to be posaible, feaaible

for a.o.)

<it

yumkinuh he oan
j* makr cunning,
ery
craftiness, slyness,
it is

(l
it

do

s.th.); i

jSU

posaible that ...;


....

may

be that...,

wilinese, double-dealing, deception, trick-

possibly

jc_
*j* makra ruse,
wile, trick,
artifice,

(akfara) as

stratagem,

jc_

it is

maybe ...jj^T! muoh as posaible; V impossible T to have or gain


perhaps...,
weight, or prestige

dodge
ounning,
sly,

influence,
s.o.),

(x* with

jKj makkr and jj* mahr


sly,

have or gain power; to be native,

crafly,

wily,

shrewd,

artful;

indigenous, resident; to gain ground; to

crafty person, impostor, swindler

apread; to be Consolidated, flrmly established; to oonsolidate, strengthen, gain

Jf\* mkir pl. ^* makara wily

sly,

cunning,

in strength; to Beize (,y


o.s.,

on

s.th.),

possess

take posaession

(^

of a.th.); to

Vjj* mikrb pl. -t, ,^jj l makrib* miorobe


<jj* makarna macaroni
,jSJ makasa
III
t (maJfe*)

have command or mastery (,y of s.th.), command, maater (j* s.th.); to be in a


position,

be able
of),

(j* to do

a.th.),

be

and

capable (j*
II to collect taxes

have the power (,y to

do

s.th.)

to haggle, bargain
pl.

with

to oonsolidate, strengthen,

s.o.)

deepen, become firmly eatablished, eatab-

,j* maia

^jZ* muha
toll,

tax, specif.,

lish itself; to Beize


o.s.,

(^

on

s.th.),

possess

excise or salea tax;

oustom, duty,

take possession (j* of); to have

c
command
(j- to <**

or

mastery

{j-

of

s.th.),

jdi* mutamakkin an
cient,

adept, a profi-

command, maater
do
s.th.),

(j- B.th.); to be able

a master

Btrengthened, cemented

be capable

(>

of)
ability,

firmly eatabliahed, firmly fixed; oonsoli-

rnukna,

makma

power,

dated; deep-rooted, deep-seated, deeply ingrained, inveterate; lasting, enduring; declinable (jjram.)
|

capacity, capability, faculty; possibility;


strength,
firmness,
Bolidity,

jCI jdi- (omton 1 )

de-

intensity,

clinable with nunnation, triptote (gram.);

force, vigor

j-1 j*
l- pl. <L>\> jS~Ll

jS^>

(gairu

amkana) deolinable

and -

aee j^f"

in

two

cases, diptote {gram.); j*i. ja*

* mal&n
firm, solid;

pl.

Ld

m-ufain >a Btrong,

indecnable (gram.); 4iJ*tihl)

j jdi.

{falsa*

firmly eatabliahed,

unahakdeeply

firmly seated
*l$*L mdifcfna pl. -i

able;

deep-seated,

deep-rooted,
;

ingraincd, inveterate (feeling) influential,


distinguished, of note, of rank, respected

l. maJtino and Jld moWin'


j*
ntaJbant

and

machine
mechanical

powerful, potent

jl

amkan 3

aee ,j*i*

^^-see^
*J.

,>&" lamHn strengthening, consolidation,

moa

(It

P6 - P* rf
<I

rnaliUu) a
mafcJZa) to

(JL

cementation ;
fixation,

deepening,

intensi-

maZai, J ^U mall,

^U

be or

fication;

establishment;

en-

become weary,
to
tire,

tired, bored, impatient;

abling, enablement, capacitation ; livery

become

tired (* of s.th.),
|

become

of seizin, investiture

{Isl.

Law)

fed-up (* with)

Je.

indefatigable,

uBsJ imkn power, capacity, capability;


faculty,
ability;
l-i.

untiring, unflagging IV to be tiresome,

possibility

jOi
Jp

irksome,

wearisome,

boring,

tedious,

B^I
as

bi-qadri

or

u-^l

j-li

muoh

as possible, as far aa possible;


|*4p

vexatious; to vex, annoy, irritate (J* or to dictate (J* * s.th. to fl-o-); (= J*')
s.o.)

jtd^l BC^I

'odam

aZ.

impossibility

to

be wearied, fed-up; to be

-u*

when
it is

(if)

poBsible, possibly;
is

bored; to be restless, fidgety; to embraoe

jl *;ISsJ

in bis power, he

in

a religion {iL miatan) VIII to embraoe a religion (iL miatan)


J.

Position to ...;

u-^1 j ^ realm of poesibility; jtCVl

it is in

the
it is

ma

weary, tired, fed-up; bored


live

impossible, unthinkable, inoonceivable

iL moa bot ashes, iL milia


pl.

embers
religious

otdl imknlya

pl.

-<K

possibility;

JL mal

Com-

potential (pftys.)

munity;

religion, creed, faith, confesaion,

jt' famafcfcun power, authority, control,

denomination

mastery,

oommand;
^^jLJI

ability, capa-

mii

religious,
|

confessional,

de-

bility, faculty; restraint, self-control, self-

nominational

^
JL

^r-Lf

(majl) oourt of

pcesesaion (also

j-

J&")

justice of a religious minority (in

Egypt

jTU

mdJbtn strong, firm solid, lasting,

abolisbed since 1956)

enduring

iL

mva

pl.

mulal basting Btitoh,

jt mumkin
ceivable
|

possible; thinkable, conjl

tacking stitch; Bpring mattress

possibly, perhaps,

j* imposaible; maybe

0^*^ <>

JL

malal and J'L mall tiredness,

boredom, ennui; ustlessneas, weariness;


annoyance,
irritation,

oU5j

nmmJfcttuK possibilities

vex&tion

919

">L

mull morbid unrest, restlessnesB,

J*

m*

pl.

}Ll aml'

filling,

quantity

fidgetiness, feverishness

which

fills s.th., fill;


|

quantity contained
.J.

J^.

malla wearinesa, boredom; im-

in s.th.

lj&\ Ul
is all

m. ihbihi

l-kib*

patience; ennui, tedium

riy'u he

pride
aa

and arrogance;

J.

JjL

rnall tired, wearied,

bored weary,
;

<$*i

m.

bafnihl
fill;

much
J.

os

one can
a

fed-up, disgusted

eat,

one'B
jJl

pii

m. qadahin
a

cupful;

J^ muli bread baked in hot ashes

.J.

m.

al-yad

handfuJ;

4jLT
pi)\

JJa mamll

offensive, disgusting

.J. m. kia'ihi corpulent fat; Jr bi-m. ii-fam in a loud voice; #Jr

J^ mumtll tiresome, tedious, boring, wearisome, irkaome, loathiome, disagreeable


*J-

4-i

bi-m'i fihi
(with

with

ring
like

of deep
"say",

conviction
"declare",

verbs

mi

pl.

-t

(formerly)
in Palestine

the

smallest

at the top of one's voice or one's hinge (with verbs like "shout", "cry'*, eto.);
V-J-t (J-

"exclaim",

etc.);

loadly,

monetary unit

and Jordan,

or)

Jr

ii> c>y~+i

tfahika

bi-m'i

Yiooo f a Palestinian
*&*

pound
mal'a, m'a)

(or mil'a)

Hdqaihi to grin from ear to


jL

mala'a a (J. mal*, I^L


to
to
fill,
fill

ear ;

*Aill

J li

(bi-autin

fili

up

or ,y or > a.tb. with);

m'uh
fll

S-Safaqatu)
...;

he said in a voice

out

(* a

form, a blank); to take


(* space);
ft>

of mercy
I

jj.1

,J.

up,

fill,

occupy
|

ul-hurriya)
fiU
(its)

(*

a
to
. . . ,

have

complete

freedom
. . .

vaoancy)

_^jjl

(dahra) his

fame

am

completely at liberty to
.JJj

spread far and wide; icLJl


to

^
to

fji-l

(s'ata)
^L.

*JL

L^.

(mauqifan

m'uh
waa

wind up a watch or clock; <Jxl


j^i\

l-hazm) he assumed a posture that


all

I^L* (Sidqaiki bi-l-haw') to puff one's


cheeks;

determination;
all

JL^

.J.

jl {hayti}

^U
;

you are
satisfy

("aina)

my
is

life; a^*-

.J.

>b

(m'a

completely,
(fad'a

please

iSjSi^ L
to
fill

Lull

jafnaihi) he

sound

asleep,

he aleeps the

bi-S-Sakw)

the air with


Li ^L.

sleep of the just

complaints, voice loud lamenta; <j


{fhu)

^* mala*
ing,

pl. ^,1

aml' crowd, gather;

to talk big about...,

shoot off

one's
to

mouth

about

...;

assembly, congregation

audience;

*L

mali'a
fll,

(general)
tables,

public; Council of eiders, no|

be or become

filled,

filled

up,

grandees
jlUI

SUi

replete III to help, asaist, support,

back
to

public;

%
see,

J* publicly,
(m.
il.'lam)
all

in
for

up (J*

J*

s.o.

in),

side

(.

with

s.o.);

everyone to
J*VI ^il
angels

before

the world;

cause, join forces (J* * with s.o. against) IV to fill (* s.th., also

make common

{a'l)

the heavenly host, the

a vacancy) V to
filled (*

fill,

become

fll; to

be
of)

or j- with), be
fill,

fll (*

or

^
be

:.^L

mul'a,

*j^U

milya

pl.

-t

VIII to
(glass;

become

fll;

to

be

filled

wrap worn by Egyptian women;


bed sheot
malt' J., JL. replete ( with);
fll

sheet,

pass.);

to be filled (*, j* or

v
fill

with
(a,

s.th., * also

with a

feeling),

fll
(

j*or

of, m also
fill

of a feeling); to

of),

filled,
(

(*

s.th.); to

up

(* s.th.);

to imbue,

bulging, swelling
fat,

with)

plump

stout,

fiU ( s.o.,

a with a feeling)

corpulent,

obese; rieh, abounding (^ in); well-to-do,

J* mal' filling (also, e.g., of vacancies);


Alling out

wealthy; solvent

JoJI

.J. m. al-badan

stout, fat, corpulent

o"%
#*)L

mal'n,

f.

^^

mal' or

pl.

*L
4J*

tntlfti salt,

Balty, saline

mila

fll, filled,

replete; plump, fat


biaa;
col-

mA bond,

Obligation,

oommit-

I^Lf

mumdla'a

partiality,

ment, covenant
**1.

laboration (pol.)
*> tmJ'
filling

mviha

pl. t*1*

muJoA funny

Btory,

(also, e.g., of

a va-

aneedote, bon mot, witticism


*>L

cancy)

maUh

sailor,

Seaman, mariner;
cities

.^u(

ntft'J'

repletion, fullness;

fll,

(mor.) ghetto of

Moroccan

round form, plumpness; bulkiness;


ness, stoutness, corpulence
(>Lr

fat-

4*->U malha beauty, grace, gracefulness


;

eleganoe ;

kindness,

kindliness,
salt

mamiu

filled,

filled

up; imbued;

friendliness,

amiability;

saltiness,

loaded

taste, saltness, salinity

*JU

muT/ui'

partial,

biased,

prej -

i->U
spring;
saltcellar

maha
saltern,

pl.

-i

salina,

saline

udiced; collaborator {pol.)

saltworka,

salt

mine;

'Ju
replete

mumtoZi*
|

fll,

filled,

filled

up,
i*-*>U

J-l *Ji* m. cU-jism stout, fat,

milha

navigation, sbipping

corpulent

jljc
ping,

i*- *>U

{(t;ariya)

mercantile

ship-

maritime
{/awtof ya)

transportation ;

i ^L
-

Lj ^U mairiy malaria ji^U maly, j*&\


jj*-

l_j*-

a viation ;

i-U- j
1

^L

(dAi/lya) inland navigation;

L^

**-}U

juzur al-m.

the
(noAriya) river traffic; -*-^Ji
igable

L* nav-

Malayan ichipelago
pwL malaja

(malj) to suck (* the mother's

^jr^U mdAl narigational, sbipping,


marine, maritime; nautioal

breast) VIII to suck


i-U

nuUa?

pl. !_>*

WMMWSM; 1 trowel
(r^L* mui-Ji.

**-jL

mulha

saltiness, salt taste

*L malaha u a and maZuAa u


i*-jL

-_L mallh

pl.

^^*

milh, ^^*l amlk


pretty, handnice, pleasant,

mulka, i
salt(y)
i*-_jl*
;

*>U

malha) to be or

salt, salty, brihy, salted;

become
malha,

maluAa
**>

(-*-S>

some, comely; beautiful;


agreeable; witty
|

mwJAa)

be beautiful,
nioe, elegant

(eg.) **Jl.

{'alqa)

handsome, pretty, comely,


II

a sound beating
**jL\ umlha
pl.

to salt, season with Balt {* s.th.); to

-JUI amliA* joke,

salt

away,
eure

salt
(*

down, preserve with


s.th.)

salt,

aneedote
S*Jj

com,

IV to be

salt{y)

to find (a B.th.) beautiful, pretty, nice,

mamiaha

pl. J-U

mamb'A 1

salina;

or witty
*JL milh
^-*>

saltern, saltworka; saline spring; saltcellar

m. and

f.,

pl.

^^Ll amldh,

-JLc"

tamJi salting, Balting down, pre-

mildh salt; gunpowder; witticism,


|

aervation in salt, corning, curing


iL.
i-l^.

wittiness, wit, esprit


Balt,

t,;>J&l ?wU bitter

mKA

salt, salty,
(pl.

briny

Epsom

salt;

jjjUI

^U m.
jiUUJI

of-6rd
*JL

saltpeter;

gunpowder;
sal

m.

matwitA

of U-L.

mliha,

an-nuMdir
chloride;
salts

ammoniac,
r-*>^i

ammonium

oitrus fruits; (*yr.) salted nuts, peanuts,

JXu

(ma'dmJya) mineral

almonds,

etc.

rj)j marnlh salted, salty

921

cOL.

^h mumallah
corned, cured
>>Li-..

aalted;

salted

down,

jj^i-L

malfy

smooth,

sleek,

slippery;

miscarried fetus, stillbom child


brilliant,

mustamlah

witty,

^aLc* iamauQ slipping away, esoaping,

bright, clever, interesting


l

escape

~L malaka a
(* (*
s.th.);

(malte) to pull out, tear

out

JJ- malafa

(malf)

to plaster with

mud

to wrench, dislooate,

luxate
(*

or mortar (* a wall); to shave off (* hair)


II to

a Joint) VIII to pull out, extract

mortar, plaster {* a wall)


|

s.th.)

-LL malf {<%) stark naked


tasteless, inaipid

JJ- l^*.

-L malik
*-*i-jL

('uryn) stark

naked
amif,

mulkiya Jew's mallow (Corchorua


a pot herb;
{eg. t ayr.)

-LL

milt pl. _U*JU

jL

mvlf
I

olitoriua; bot.) cultivated as

diahonorable, discreditable; sooundrel

a thiok Boup made of thia herb


Jl*

-LL

U+

hilf

milf or half malt pell- me 11,

in confusion

molida a (malad) to be tender


twig)

(eap.,
] ^L*

milf pl. Jai. mvluf mortar malif and


J&L.I

JaJL.

ULI amlid* tender twigs


oLI
flexible

amlaf* pl. .LL mulf

hairless

amleuP,

f.

\jL

mald'*

tender,

WL malfa Malta
^L.
malfl Maltese (ad],

Lr

L
II

and

n.)

malisa a and malusa u (c-^U malsa,


level,

*-jL mulsa) to be smooth,


to

even
level,

jL. maliqa a (malaq) to Satter

(. s.o.) II

make smooth, to smooth, even (* s.th.); to make slippery (*

to even, level, plane

{* s.th.) III

= I; = I

s.th.);

to pass the hand, brush {with the hand)

IV to become poor, impoverished, be reduced to poverty V to fiatter (Jl J or *


t

(J* over), stroke, caress (J* B.th.) V to become smooth; to glide, slide, slip; to

s.o.)

jL

maliq

and j^ mallq

flatterer,

grope; to slip away, escape VII (alBO ^^.1

adulator

immalasa) to beoome smooth; to


slide, slip; to slip

glide,

away;

UL

malaqa
mile,

pl.

to escape

-t t

j^Ll amlq

(eg.)

Egyptian

league, the distanoe of

,^-1*

mala*

(eg.)

a thin outer garment;

approximately one hour's walk <ih mimlaqa planer, leveler;


jJ-c" tamliq roller

silk fabrio for

women's dresses

,^-L malis

smooth, sleek

and jU* iamaxtq

flattery,

i-"}L
,^-LI

malaa smoothness
amlas*,
f.

adulation
pl.

Li- malm**,

^
o.e.,

ilL malaka

(molk, mulk,

mh) to take

in

mids smooth, sleek


,jA* malipa a (mala?) to glide, slide, slip;
to slip away, escape; to disengage
free o.a., (j*,
o.a. (,>,

posseasion, take over, acquire (* s.th.),


seize, lay

hands {*

on), possess o.s., take

possession, lay hold (* of); to possess,

^* from an Obligation), rid

own, have
to

(* s.th.), be the
(>

owner
s.th.);

(* of);

j*

of)

to rid o.s.
s.th.)

(^

dominate, control
(*

of), shirk,

to

be

dodge, evade (,>

master

of);

to rule, reign, exercise


it

power or authority, hold sway, lord


(J* or * over); to be capable (*
of),

^mXa mali$ smooth, sleek, slippery

be

4L
equal (* to); to be able, be in a poaition
(l

922

to possess,
(* s.th.)
iiL

own, have

(* s.th.); to

master

or * to

do

B.th.)

JiuJl

*L

($aiz)

anger overwhelmed bim, got the better


of

mvXk

rule, reign,

Bupreme authoridominance,

him;

*j*lL*

^r-

4J*

*i!L

(jaml'a

ty,

dominion,

domination,

mai'irihi)

to

dominate

s.o.'s

every
s.o.'b

sway, power; Bovereignty, kingship, royalty;

thought and deed, be uppermoat in

monarchy tenure, holding,


;

right of

mind;

*_*-

4J*
of

jJl*

(AwmA) to take
feelings;

possession, possessory right, ownerahip

possession
*J

s.o. 's

4_L

dil*

(Ivbbah) to preoccupy s.o.'a heart;

tiL

mh
;

pl. iJilU

amlk property, poschatteis,

sessions,

*_ij

*J* dIL

(n/aaA) to lay hold


s.o.'s

goods
estate ;
pl.

and

fortune,
real

of

s.o.'s soul,

dominate

wealth
thinking, affect
estate ;
lands,
o.s.

landod

property,
(

possesBions

s.o.

deeply, atir up, arouse, ezcite s.o.;

=
1

colonies)
|

Uj-1 <_jj

J*

jJI*

(amroAd) to have

landed property, estates


(amtriya)
or
c*jI?

ii'jLl

under control, keep one's temper; ilL


iCjl

*ts*\

4*^&<jJL

li tA-t

gov-

ernment lands;

,>^'
o.s.,

Cantn, iwfaJ') to hold


erty,
*i!L

landed proprealty,

back the tears; <J


control

real

property, real estate,

(na/$aA)

to

restrain o.s.; Ol dir. i he


. .

immovables; J>*i* dIL personal estate,


personal property, personal ty, niovables;
JL
ii-jCl

could not refrain from

. ,

he coulda't

help
4i-f_

it,

he had to...; (JLrJ c-SX


his

(mabnlya)

developed

lots,

(yaminuA)

real estate

developments; ii^L.^1 <*-L*,


*liL

fortune,

his prop-

erty, his possessions II


{ s.o.)

and IV to make
( s.o.) in

ii^A*VI

ji landowner; ^^-J

(amirt)

the owner; to put


{*

government property; jlL. ilL (muflaq)


pos-

general property, fee simple (absolute)


session (* of), transfer

to

s.o.)

owner(Isl.

Law)

u'U

jJl*

ship {* of ) ; to transfer, assign,

oonvey

(a

to s.o. s.th.); to

king or sovereign (J* over)


possession, take
over,

make over, make ( b.o.) V to take in


{*
(*

Joint

property,

Joint tenancy, co-ownership


siil*

malilc pl. i]jL

mulk,

li tA-1

amlk

appropriate, aopossession

king, sovereign,

monarch
-t

quire
s.th.,

(*

s.th.).
s.o.),

take

of

iSX malika

pl.

queen

Jl^l

<SX

of

seize, lay

handa

on

m. al-jami beauty queen


JM. malak (for iJSO) angel
|

s.th.),

lay hold (* of s.th.); to possess,


(* s.th.),

^jU-

dU-

own, have
of);

be in possession (*

guardian angel

to

over);
fixed,

to

become king or sovereign (J* become prevalent, become


root
(habit)

JX

muiki possessory, possessive, procivilian,


|

take

VI
<_jj

prietary;

civil
*)

(as

to

gain
military)

opposed to
civilian

control (* over a feeling,

*SX>

o>

{badla)

nafsah
ant

over

clothes; $1* <Jibj (mutvazzaf) civil servo.s.);

to control

o.s.,

restrain o.s.,
(j*>

hold back; to refrain, keep


B.th.)
|

from
help
...

je.

*iLc"

U he

couldn't

JlL malaki royal, kingly, regal;

nio-

(doing

s.th.),

he couldn't refrain from

narchic, sovereign; monarchist; angelio


<-l*

VIII to possess, own, have (* s.th.); to


gain,
^ill

malaHya monarchy,

kingship,

win

{* B.th.); to aoquire (* s.th.)


|

royalty
'*Sl milkiya pl. -t property;

i5^'>

^*'
(*

{nawfiya
over take

i-Sai*)

to to

owner-

be master of
appropriate
(*

B.th., rule
s.th.),

B.th.

ahip

(jur.)
|

jj^ll

3-SUil

{kubr) large
nat*

possession

landed property; *&\

fj

al-m.

of);

to dominate, control (* s.th.);

expropriation, dispossession

923

&L

malaka

pl. -dt trait

of charaoter,
gift,

i}

^LxJ

istimidk

pl.

-dt

acquisitum

natural disposition, aptitude, bent;


faoulty, talent,

appropriation, taking possession, ooou-

knack

panoy, seizure

o_jL malakt realm, kingdom, empire;

JJU mlik
reigning,

pl.

4-*. mull&k,

Ali.

mvUak

kingsbip,

royalty,

sovereignty

ruling ;

owning,

possessing,

oljl^l

OjL

m. M-samdwt the King-

holding; owner, proprietor, maater, possessor,

dom

of Heaven (Chr.)
moJattitf divine, heavenly

holder
|

^jX.\

JJU heron

(zooJ.)

JjL
j^L

lL

mliki

Malikite,

belonging

to

malk, milk foundation, baaia,

the Malikite Bohool of theology; a Maliki


"wiOUi al-m&liHya the Malikite school

fundament, essential prerequisite


iJ-^L.

mdfc (tun.) betrothal, engage(of the fianoe

of theology
ilj)j

ment; engagement present


to the prospektive bride)
jTji-

mamlk owned

(J by),

in

pos-

session (J of), belonging (J to); (pl.

dUU

muZAH

royal, kingly, regal;

mo

mamlik*) white siave, mameluke Marne;

narobie; monarchist

luke
rule,

iljj

*SjL mvikiya monarchio


leaning
iJlU

mon-

possession,

jf incapable of individual (res) extra commercium (/<!.

arohism, kingship, royalty; monarohist

Law)
<iil/

mumaik

assignor,

transferor,

madk

pl.

-n owner, proprietor;
|

conveyer, alienator

landowner, landholder, landed proprietor


J^r^II

jLT

kibr al-m. large landowners

pl.

dhi mumialak owned, in possession; otk/ mumtalak&t property; eslanded property; possessions, de|

JSk madkf
tlLL

tates,

private
pl.

pendencies, oolonies

jjuI otSsiu (amiri*

malik

*ISX muiak'

king;

ya)

government property; Uii_il otSLbJ.1

possesaor, owner, proprietor

(mustaqia) the Dominions

SLL moftfca queen


1/

mamtaka

pl.

liiJlr

mam/ti 1

kingdom, empire,
power, sovereignty
dllt"

state,

country; royal

J*U malmala to hurry, hasten; to make restless, make fidgety ( s.o.) II tamalmala to murmur; to mumble, mumble into
one's beard; to grumble, be disgruntled,

tamlik

transfer

of ownerahip,

be angry; to be

restless, fidgety,

nervouB;

conveyanoe of property, alienation


iL:*

to twitch nervously; to be or beoome

wavering, uncertain
tamailuk taking
possession,
right
oc-

eupanoy, seizure;

<LL
ness
LJ_ji.iL

malmala

and

possession;

of

JJj"

tamalmul

possession, possessory right, tenure, holding; domination, control,


JJIU"

unrest, restlessness, fidgetiness, nervouB-

mastery

tamdluk self-control
imtildk

malankliyd melancholia

iJ^l
eupancy,

taking possession,
possession;
right

oo-

'GM

^
II

mala u (malw) to walk


to

briskly,

seizure;

of

run

make

( s.o.)

enjoy

(* s.th.) for

possession, possessory right, tenure, hold-

a long time (said of God) IT to dictate


(*

ing; domination, control, mastery {i]^Uul


(j-cJl imt.

J* to

s.o. s.th.)

to enjoy {,>,

<_>,

an-nafs self-control

s.th.)

to take from dictation (* s.th.)

&>

malan

pl. *-^*l

aml' open oountry,

aome of them
(were) those

open tract of land; ateppe, deaert


uljill
ijl

who

others there are and others who


.
. .

. .

al-malavnn day and night

lMJ

t> Jtj (rajul) Koreish tribe; *1/}M

a
j*

man
*ji

of the

(yaum,

malwa malouah, a dry measure


2 i5

(Eg.

ayym) some day, aome day or other;


jj-Vl J-

4.1251)
affair,

^1 (amr)

s.th.

or other, eome
* UUI

J* maliy (relatively long) period of time; LI* maliyan for quite a while, for

Borne

businesa ;
little,

J*

JS*1

(fa'm) he ate (a
<_-ill

some) of the food;


al-

a long time
^*l iml*

diotation;

transmission

^f <j\j L m maituh min kutub (what I have Been of the books


the books I have seen; <^S" j* olj

=)
L

(of a telephone message)

*G

*i~$*

mya

pl.

-<B

(< l^

(what
mvi'a)
sheet,

have seen of books =) what(ever) have Been; iby- jyaqdiru)


*a
l*

books

wrap worn by Egyptiaa women;


bed aheet

has no partner whataoever; ^xL


(oAotfin

.u-l
. . . ;

nobody can
is

God L j* L
j

*_U mallya pl. Ij-^L

maly

(tun.) gar-

(j-*^

(jfc^in)
.

there

abaolutely none

ment of Bedouin women

who
billion, (G.B.)

jLL

(Fr.)

myr

pl.

- (U.S.)

conaisting of,

made

of,

of (material)

milliard

j S~
pl. -t

Cr

rLH

(Jaub)

a garment of ailk, a

silk drees

1*1^^ mitttprdm
^L(Fr.

milligram
at,

on

(time)

JJJI j (lau) at night;


;

mimt) maUim, molxm


mailim*
the smalleat
Viooo

pl.

-(W,

J^
under
js*JL*

monetary

o* (^umtAi) on the very same day j* <c*L at that moment, at onoe, right away
**i

unit in

Egypt (=

ponnd); aee also


at, on,

by

(place)

4-So j* ja (AozzaA,

*j)

manftbtAt) he shook bim by the Shoulder

milmr

pl. -dt

millimeter
like,

as,

such
|

as,
j-llj

as
i*Jl

for

instance;

j-L malyn

pl. -<W,

Jo"iL maZytn 1 million

namely, to wit
|

j* iJjl ^Lx-*

i>}M

l-1*H millionaires

oljVlj

(f/(M

azaltya, 'Um, qudra, irda)

eternal attributes

Buoh

as
<U

knowledge,

y mm. abbreviation of
\j

millimeter

power, Tolition; tflyW

L ~*

lil

mimm, shortened form / mimma min m

Cf (P40)
is

what

the newspapers
.

say
in

true,

namely that

ji

mimman
1.

min man

an exclamation: J j* l+ljt b y ftliaAd min Jaattn oh, the length of the

\> man

(interr. pron.)

whoT whioh one?


pron.)

night!
Jj- Cr light a

what a long night

it is!

<+\

which onea?

2. (relative

who; the

m^

afpajfah
it

min himlin how


JjJt * **J
(***"

one who; those who; one who; whoever,


whosoever, everyone who, he
*j*

brden

is!

who
of,
(a)

oA) woe to this fool


in relation to, with respeet to,

min

(prep.)

1.

of; some,

some

toward
|

part of ; belonging to, pertaining to, from

\Sj

j* ULLI x^l. Germany's intentions


is

among ,> j^ to belong or pertain to, be among .... fall under...; ul <ij j* (anna) among other things ...; j- *
|

as far as Turkey

oonoerned
(originalill i

substituting for
ly, in

an aoousative
:

a partitive sense)

l*Jj~i

(man) aome of them; ,> ji*j

j*

,>

J'M

_fL.

thia kindled her ouriosity

*
2.

from,

away from, out


of
|

of,

from the

to or toward

s.o.);

to show, grant, or

^^-1 vkruj min htm get out of here! jl-Uu j* L- he


direotion

bt

j*

do

s.o.

(J*) a favor,

bestow blesainga,
s.o.);

benefita, favors (J*

upon
(<->

to grant,
s.o. s.th.),

came from Baghdad; J>J* j* and JJ j* (qibali) on the part


the aide
(up)
to;
of,

{tarafi)

award, present, give

J* to
(<^>

from, by; Jl

j* from
(wa-fcAi)

of,

on

confer, beatow gracioualy


s.o. s.th.), bless
(<^j

J* upon
tire,

J*

s.o.

with), inapire

aJIj

4^

K*
s.o.,

to

(^ J*
fatigue,
(

s.o.

with; of God)
( b.o.),

IT to

depend entiiely on
from
s.o.,

be inaeparable

weaken

aap the strength

appertain to

s.o.;

j ^>
,

(T

L.

of

s.o.)

do. Till to be kind, kindly,

what share they had


part they played in
from, beginning
for; after
(past),
| . .

in ...

to
...
,

what
what

benign,

gracious,

benevoient,

obliging

extent they were involved in


. .

(J* to or toward s.o.), to show, grant, or do b.o. (J*) a favor, bestow blessings,
benefita, favors (J*

. ,

atarting

. . . ,

since,

upon

s.o.);
(<^i

to bestow

j*

(Sahr) for a

month
*x

or confer
s.o.
(>-

most gracioualy

J* upon

aince

one month

ago;
(in

j-

a.th.),

kindly grant, award, or give

{mudda) for some time


iioljj.1

the past);

J* to

s.o. s.th.)

X*

a\A

Am {ba'da ayymin)

j*

mann

gracioua

bestowal ;
gift,

favor
present,

a few days after theee events


of, by, at,

benefit,

blessing,

boon;

about (denoting the source

largeas;

honeydew; manna;

(pl.
|

L-!
ic

of one 's fear, fright, alarm, apprehenaion,


etc), e.g., j*
against,

ji,

j*

J>\*-, eto.

amnn) a weight of 2 JUj ro by the graoe of God


iL.

Jl

from

(with

verbs

denoting
freeing,
,y

fntnna

pl.

^-*

"wn graoe; kindwill,

protection,

defense,
e.g.,

warning, j* U-,

ness, kindliness,

good

friendlinesa,

ezemption),

j*

**i,

y^*-.

amiability,

graciousneas,

benevolenoe,

j* UpI, eto. through, by, via (with verbs of motion


to denote the way, route, or meana)
|

benignity; favor, act of kindnesa, benefit,

blessing, boon, gift, present

*L

munna

pl.
|

j.'*

mttnan
Jj-l-

strength,

c^UI

j- J*o

he

entered

through the

vigor, stamina

"<\

strong, vig-

gate; ji m s\J\

&Jm

> by radio
|

orous, aturdy

than (with the eomparative)


jl

j- jyl
...,

b-

mannn

kind,

kindly,

benign,

aqw min an too atrong as to


. .

too

gracioua;

munificent, liberal, generoua;

strong for

benefactor; hll

(one of the attributes

due

to,

owing

to, for,

because of; at,

of God) the Benefactor


jL*

about (with verbs denoting emotion;


aa,

mann

fate,

destiny ;

fate

of

for

instance,

"be

amazed",
j*

"be

death, death
Li*l imtinn grateful Obligation, in-

deghted", "be glad",


j,

etc.), e.g.,

<-*?*?>

^j,
by,

eto.

debtedness, obligedness, gratitude


(with

through

tbe

passive

to

j^t

mamnn

indebted, obligated, ob-

indioate the doer, agent, perpetrator)

liged, grateful, thankful (J to s.o.);

weak,

as to Compounds suoh aa .w j-, i-*- j-,

languid
**ijU

ji &,

jf

jr-,

Jj j*

see under the

mamnniya

grateful

Obligation,

aecond word
j

indebtedness, obligednesa, gratitude

manna u (mann)

to be kind, kindly, be-

JZ*

mumtann

indebted,

muoh

obliged

nign, gracious, benevoient, obliging (J*

(J to s.o.)

Jyi* minil menthol

j^fti manpfln

monsoon
down,
toss

manjaniq
mangonel,
:.

f.,

pl.

-dl,

Jilf

majniq*

Ju^> manfara to throw

down
II

ballista, catapult

jk- manfaqa
mang mango
gird
O.6.,

to gird

(o* a s.th. with)


o.s.

to

swathe

(o*

with),

wind

f)

manaha a (manh) to graut, give, acoord, award {* to s.o. s.th.), bestow, oonfer (* upon s.o. s.th.) III to bestow favora
(

around one's body (^


ili^Li.

s.th.)

manfa

(yr.)

spper

upon

s.o.)

mana'a a (man') to stop, detain, keep


from entering or passing
(

<M

manh

s.o.)

granting, giving, donation,


hinder, prevent {* s.th.; j or jp

to

bestowal, conferment, award(ing)

* s.o.

from), keep, restrain, hold back

s.o.

minha

pl.

i*
gifb,

minah act of
present,

j or
{*

je-

from); to bar, block, obstruct

kindness;

privilege;

do-

s.o. 's

way

or access to); to withdraw,


jeje-

nation, grant, favor, benefit, benefaction;

take away (j* or


s.th.),

or *

from

s.o.

oompensation

remuneration, allowance,
scholarship, stipend
[

deprive (j* or

or *
je-

s.o. of);

to

indemnity

(jur.)\

forbid, interdiot (j* or


B.th.),

or *

to

s.o.

Vl <* m. al-iqma Iiving allowanoe; V-U- *u (/mftya) academic acholarship;

prohibit (j- or j* or *

* s.o.

from);

to deoline to acoept, declare impossible

JSlJI

<m m. (-w&n housing

or out of the question


refuse,

(l

that);

to

allowance, rent allowance


f\
Kjx-*

deny (j* * or
(je-

a s.th. to s.o.),

mnih donor,
see J-U

giver, granter

withhold

* or

* s.th.

from
je-

s.o.);

to stop, cease (> doing s.th.,

with

mandal

regard to
pl.

s.o.),

abstain, refrain (* from


s.o.);

JjJI*

mandil,

mindil

JjjL*

manddll*

doing

B.th.,
off,

je with regard to

to

kerchief ; handkerchief ; head kerchief


JL*

ward
s.th.

avert, keep, keep


s.o.);

away

(ja *

from

to protect, guard (j*


(
s.o.,

munjfu and
a 6*
I

mu4

1.

(prep.) sinoe, for;

s.o.

from), defend

s.th.,

W-*

*-'

(^oAr) for a

month

(past),
fL>l ii*

against);

manu'a u (*L*

je

man\

L
to

sinoe one

month ago; a month ago;


.L.

mana'a) to be strongly fortined, inacoessible,

(ayym) for the past few days; a few


days ago; ^-jy J^p
lately,

impregnable; to be unconqner-

faM) of
-L* JL*

late,

able,

invincible,

insurmountable

II

recently ;

Vi

(na)

from

fortify,

strengthen,

make

inaccesaible
in

now
2.

on, henceforth;

(*^Jl

(yaum) as

(* s.th.) III to

put up resistanoe, act


s.o.),

of today, from this day on


(conj.) since, ever since,
|

Opposition

to

oppose, oounteraot
s.o.

from the
JL.

s.o.),

work against
(

{); to stand

time when
since I

IjvL- -jUl

c-J~

(;*/lan)

up, rise

against

s.o.);

to resist, oppose

was a small child

(j

s.th.),

offer resiatance, object, raise

objections
,_t

(j

to

s.th.),

revolt,

rebel

iil

jjf

oaAr al-manS the Sea of Le Manche,


the Engliah Channel

(j against s.th.); to refuse, deny (*


s.o. s.th.)

i.e.,

to refuse, decline (je to

do

manSbiya (from Copt. manipi)


Iiving quarters (Cop(.-CAr.)

s.th.);
cell,
(je-

to desist, refrain, abstain, keep


s.th.,

from

from doing

s.th.), forbear,
(je-

leave off (je

s.th.),

stop, cease

doing

dj^-x. manJri Manchurian

s.th.),

avoid

(je- s.th.

or doing B.th.); to

927

be or become inacceaaible, unassailable,

-JL.

mni' hindering, forbidding,


preventive; prohibitive;

etc.,
(pl.

impregnable

to

strengthen,
(i_j

grow

in

see

I;

Btrength; to seek protection


in)

with or

*j\y

mawni' 2

hindrance,

obstacle,

VIII to refrain,

abstain,

keep (je
(je
s.th.),

obstruetion; impediment; a preventive,


preservative, prophylactic
(pl. -t)
;

from

doing

s.th.),

forbear

objeetion;

to

etop, cease (je doing s.th.); to be pre-

cutout,
|

anti-interference

vented (je from); to be impoasible (J*


for
8.0.);

device

(radio)

UiL jlj

L
1)

{ra')

to

refuse

(je

to
;

do

B.th.),

have no objeetions;
thore
i

mni'a
nothing

decline, turn

down

(je s.th.)

to refuse

nothing

in

the way,

to have anything to do (J* with), keep

prevents
fj.t

me

(you, eto.) from (je)

aloof (J* from)

mamn'

forbidden,

prohibited,
|

*^

man'

hindering,

impeding,

ob

banned, interdicted; indeclinable {gram.)


J*-.dl

struetion; prevention, obviation, preclu


sion;

fjj no smoking!
off*

Jy--Ut fjj. no
limitsl

prohibition,

interdiction, ban,

in-

admittancel keep out!


~*-*-j~t

junetion; closure, stop, discontinuation

mamn'iya forbiddenness
abstaining,

embargo;

withdrawal,

deprival,

dia-

possession; withholding, detention


<*:.

^ju mumiani' refraining,


;

forbearing rejeeting, refusing ; prevented


force,

man'a

resiatance,

power,

forbidden, interdicted, prohibited,

ban-

vigor, strength, stamina, insuperability,

ned; inacceaaible (J* to

s.o.);

forbidding,

invineibility
_i

inscru table, impenetrable, elusive; diffi-

rnanl' pl. 1*l-

muna'a

unapproachiJ

cult to imitate; impossible

able, inaccessible, impervious, impenetrable,

-aJw*

manganis manganese

forbidding;

well-fortified

mighty. uncon>

atrong,

powerful;

impregnable,

Ujii mungliyd Mongolia


^..i:.-,

querable;
invincible,

insurmountable,

insuperable,
*~^.

(It.

manoveHa) manafella crank


see

immune
Cr-

i_JU-l

strong,

unassailable;
barrier
.b-4

sr U- insurmountable

i-jL.

manalg

r ^-*
1

manaa
;

inaccessibility

strength,

(j^, and ^.) b-4 man u {manw) and ^* man i (many) to put to the test, try,

impregnabity

hardiness,

sturdiness,
(to

tempt,
pass.

afflict

(->

s.o.

with; of God);

power

of

resiatance;

immunity

Jbe

muniya
Borely

to
tried

be

affiieted

(i_j

disease, also dipl.); imperviousness, im-

with),
sustain,

(^

by),
(<_<

Buffer,
B.th.),
(._j

permeability, impenetrability, forbidding-

undergo, eiperience
hit,

be
^-1

affected,

smitten,

stricken

by); to find by good luck, be so fortunate

amna' 3 harder to get

at,

more
as to find
desire
(J
s.th.)

II

to

awaken tbe

forbidding; offering greater resiatance

(y
(<_< (i_j

or *

in s.o. for),

4*jlf

mumna'a Opposition;

resistance,

(*)

wish

(.-j

or * for); to
for),

make s.o. make ( s.o.)


reason to
(<_j
i_j

revolt, rebellion;

induetive resistance

hope hope

or m

give

( s.o.)

or * for), raise hopes

or *

of) in s.o. (); to


^c"

promise

(jl,

s.o.

tamannu' rejeetion, refusal


that)
j

<- ^ (nafsah) to indulge


of...,

f-Ui.1

imtin* refraining, abstention (je

in

the

hope

have every hope

from); refusal, denial; impossibility

that... IV to shed (* blood); to emit,

928

ejaculate (* Bperm)

T to

desire (* s.th.),

the way, J for or to); to


faoilitate,

wish
tice

(* for s.th.; * J s.o. s.th.)

to prao-

ease,

make easy, make easy accessible


prepare
pass

onanism, masturbate

(* J to s.o. s.th.); to get ready, (* s.th.),

J- manan and *-u maniya pl. IjL. tnany fate, destiny, lot; fate of death; death ^* miTian semen, sperm
jji* minaurt seminal, spennatio

make

(*

a bed,

etc.); to

(lj&\ ai-kurata the ball, J to b.o.); (verb


alone, without qualifying direct object)

to pave, open, clear, or prepare the


(l-j

way

for s.th.

by or

with), open, prepare,

begin, start,
in

initiate,

bring about, set

motion

(i~>

J s.th. by or with) V to be

J* mtnan m. and min of Mina near Mecca


4j^

f.

the Valley

paved, be clear or cleared, be or become

open (way) to be or get settled or arrang;

munya, minya

pl.

^ munan
amnin,
claim,

wish,

ed; to go smoothly, go well, come off well;


to

desiro ; object of desire


4-L*\

be in order, be put in order, get

umniya

pl.

uUl

Btraightened out
<JUI

amnly wish,

demand,

desire,

Xf mahd
JjJJI

pl. *j+

muhd bed

oradle
|

longing, aspiration
<jj*

J*
-L+*

A4II

j-

(lahd)

from cradle to

grave;

tamnt ya

and

t-Lf

L.

tmnd'

Omis-

<Ui

to nip s.th. in the to be


still

bud;
sion, ejaculation of the

sperm
wish
;

lT

in ita be-

ginnings or infancy, not have progressed


jx"

tamannin

pl.

-t

desire

beyond the early Btages


i[+*

request

mikd place of

rest, resting place;


(flg.,

L*iJ istimn* self-pollution, maeturbation, onanism

bed; bosom, pale, fold


s.th. rests)
-L+c*

in

which

r_P>- manoJflj, monolg


(cabaret) et
skits,
1

pl.

-t

monologue;
(/itfcJAiya)

tamhid amoothing, leveling, paveasing ;

1-fcKj

oU-^^

ing ;

facilitation,

preparation

comic Sketches, music-hall songs


pl. -t

foreword, preface, proem; introduction


preliminaries
|

" '-^4-c

in

order
. . . ,

to

j^i* man-mtfr

manometer, pressure

facilitate

. . ;

in preparation of
. .
.

as a

gauge
Ui!
al-miny
El

preliminary step toward

for tbe pur-

pose of

. .

Minya

(city

in

central
j-Uff" tamhidt introductory, prefatory,

Egypt)
<^+* muhja
lifeblood,
seif,

preliminary, preparatory
pl.

*j-Uf*

o^l
pro-

muhaj, oL^* muAajdf

(ijr'dt)

preliminaries; preliminary
tf-L+r"

hearthlood; heart; innermoat


nature, core; soul;
life
|

oeedings (jur.);

*- (kukm) inter-

intrinsio

locutory decree, interlocutory judgment


(jur.);
if-Lfc" j'_y (qarr)

lf'.>f*

JU^/I uUjkL {(u'inat) hopes re-

provisional in-

ceived the deathblow


II to spread out evenly (* s.th.); to

junction,

temporary

restraining

order

(jur.); if-L+f"

rr-

(&rA) prefatory

remarks

^f.

smooth, smoothen a road); to

(* s.th.); to

pave

(*

X^i

mumahhad

leveled,

smoothed,

flatten, plane,

make even

or

smooth, even,

level; well-ordered, well-

level (* s.th.); to arrange, settle, straight-

arranged, well-prepared; prepared, cleared,

en,

put in Order
clear,

(* s.th.); to free

from
esp.,

open (way); paved (road)

obstacles,

pave

(*

s.th.;

J*U mumhad paved, improved (road)

**

^.

mafira,
droit,
ficient,

mahara u a {mahr, jL^. mahr, jlf. j^+> muAr) to be aklful,


dexterou,
e xpert,
skilled,

no hurry Jv J* slowly, leisurely, in no hurry; d&+* mahlaka easy does it!


in
|

adept,

pro-

take

it

easy

ilL*.

J* take

it

easy

take

experienoed,

suasoned

your time!
1J+.

ua
j+*

(mahr) to give a dower (U to


skill (

muhla

respite, delay;

time limit

the bride) III to vie in

with

s.o.)

for a decision, time to think s.th. over

IV to give a dower (U to the bride)


<L^. muhaila large boat
(ir.)

mahr

pl.

j^. muhr

dower, bridal
JL^.1

money;

price, stake;

ransom

imhl

grant

of

respite,

con-

cession of a delay

j+ muhr, pl. jL^.1 amhr, IjV^* mihra


foal, oolt

Jlf
pl.

imhli tending to delay, dilatory

ij+

muhra
filly

j*

muhar,

Cj \j+*

J^c" tamahhul slowness, deliberateness

muhari
jl^*

J^-o slowly; gr&ually


skillfulness,

mahdra
skill,

adroitness,

dexterity,

expertness, proficiency,

mutamahhil slow, deliberate, J^:surely, unhurried, easy


J*t*
mutamhil
leisurely,

lei-

adeptness
j*L.

comfort-

mhir

pl.

\j+

mahara

aklful,
\+*

able, easy, unhurried, slow

adroit,

dexteroua,
expert,

skilled,

proficient,

mahm
much

(conj.)

whatever,

whatsoever;

adept,

practiced,

experienced,

no matter how much, however much,


as ...; whenever j-1/l ^> jj )&* (yakun, amr) whatever the case may be,
[

seaeoned
%

j+

muhr

seal, eignet;

stamp
seal

be
j\*ji

it

as

it

may
a
(mahn, i+
rnahna)

muhrvdr keeper of the


pl.

^ mahana u
OU-^ mahrajn, mihrajn
tival of Britain
-t festival,

to

serve
in

{ s.o.);

to humble, degrade, treat


(

festivity, celebration [LiLkjy

U-^.

Fes-

a humiliating manner
in

s.o.)

to

hackney, wear out


(mahle)

common

Service,

,j l,| -

mahaka a braise, pound


i+- makha,

to

grind,

crush,

wear out by use


(<il+.

(* s.th.);

mahuna u
degrade,
(

mahana)

to be despicable, base,

low, mean, menial III to practice (* a

muhka

freshneas of youth,

profession)

VIII

to

humble,

bloom of youth
J^. mahala a (mahl,
s.th.)
II
~*1+*

treat in a humiliating

manner
{ (

s.o.);

muhla) to tarry,

to revile

( s.o.);

to despise

s.o.); s.o.);

to to

dawdle, be slow, take one's time (j in

employ

for menial Services

and IV to give
slowly
IL>

s.o.)

time,
to be

hackney, wear out in

common

service,

grant
slow,

( s.o.)

a respite or delay

wear out by use

(*

s.th.);

to practice

proeeed
s.th.)
j

and
JjJu

deliberately

professionally, as a trade (* s.th.)

(j

in

J+e" (kuthu) to J+e" be said


(. s.o.)

<^m

mihna

pl.

j+*

mihan

work,

slacken slowly

one's

pace;

job, oecupation, calling, vocation, profession, trade, business

...

VI

V;

to ask

for

a respite; to ask

{ s.o.)

to wait

^a

mihni

professional,

vocational

slowness, leisureliness, J^* mahl, mahal ease ; leisure ; "5*+. mahlan slowly, leisurely.

gainfully

employed
|

^Ll

ilij^l (irSd)

vocational guidance

c4*
mahin
pl.

,>;+*

U+. muhan'* despised,

i^.

maita

oorpse,

oarcass,

Carrion;
in

despicable, conteniptible, vile


0Lji*l

meat of an animal not slaughtered


humilia-

mftAdn

degradation,

accordanoe
(Ist.

with

ritual

requirements

tion,

contempt, disdain; abuse, misuBe,

Law)
|

improper treatment
j*l*

mdAtn

pl.

01+.

muAAn menial

*=-*V m *ta manner of death JlW VI death of a hero, doath in battle

servant
:L+>

oll
pl.

mami

place

where

s.o.

died;

decease, death

mahh

ol^f* maAat^KM, oL+ ma-

hayt wild cow


1

ZL\

imta

killing;

mortification

(of

the flesh) {y* )


L.

m" a

t*

( lj-

muuw' )

to

mew,

*JJ

iatimta

miaow
Aj*
'L*

death

defiance;
(

desfor)

perate effort, desperate struggle

muwa mewing, miaow


*j*

(of

cat)

cJl* m'it dying, moribund, mortal

and jl* see

>^J mumit
ly

lethal, fatal, mortal,

dead-

oLLj*

mBhUiyt

(pl.)

furniture
die; to perish;

oj

iLL*. (kofia) mortal sin

oU
(*>j*) c*l*

mumt

antiquated, obsolete

mdta u (maui) to

to lose lue,
aide, die

become dead; to abate, subdown, let up (wind, heat) II and


( s.o.) die, let ( s.o.) ( s.o.);

o *i
=

mustamit death-defying, reck-

less,

heroio; martyr; suflFering a martyr'B

IV to
kill,

make

perish; to

death

put to death
(*),

to be the death

of

s.o.

cause the death of


o.s.,

J^r-js.o.
()

(Fr-

motocycle)

mtnk

pl.

motorcyole

IV to mortify <<_
death,

one's flesh); to

suppress, deaden (* s.th.)

VI to feign
feign

(^y) %y mdja u (mauj, U-j- mawajn) to


heave,
swell,
roll,

pretend

to

be dead; to
listless,

surge
II

(sea);

to

be

weakness; to be sluggish,
(j in s.th.)

slack

excited, agitated

(v by)
I;

to ripple (*

to

Beet death; to defy


risk one's life;

the surface
(* the hair)

of water,

eto.);

to

wave
of

death, saorifice

o.s.,

to

to rise in waves; to
(as,

strive desperately (j for),

make desperate

ripple,

be rippled

the

surface

efforte (j in Order to); to fight desper-

water); to undulate,

move

in undula-

ately

tions; to sway, roll VI to be

waved, be

Ojdeoease,

rnaui

and
|

*5j*

mauta

death;
(abyad)

undulate; to form an undulating line

demise

^^LjI

Oj*

(J^- around); to flow, flood, swell, surge


j-j.

natural death

mauj

pl.

x}y\

attuoj

billows,

olj> tnawt that whioh


inanimate
thing;

is lifeless,

an

Borges, seas, breakers; waves; ripples;


(n.

barren,

uncultivated

un. **-j*

Und, wastela d
\Jj*

eea,

mauja pl. -t) blow, surge, breaker; wave; ripple; osolation,


|

Tibration, undulation

mautn,

min dying, death;

J^t

--j-

long

wave wave

(radio);

epidemio, plague
(radio); .L-js.

j^*2

^j

short

^j* (mutauxusit)

wave medium
sound

C-. mayyit, mait


<jj*

pl.

ol^t amwdt,

{radio};

*J^*

^1^.1 (eautiya)

maui

lifeless,

inanimate dead, de-

waves; l_^i
uous waves;

r'j-' {mustamirra) coutin-

ceased

>'

{mudrnahia(

931

damped waves; iSic*


reflected

g}j*\ {mun'akisa)

*j

L look up
I

alphabetically and under j* marra

waves,

indirect

waves;

-ij*l
(ro*
"_>!.

<p-j> (mwvajjaha) directional


dio);
spell;

beams

al-mra Morea, Foloponnesua


(eg.)

j'*-

^r>*

(Mrra

heat wave, hot

rj\jj* mrtizm
[syr.)

rheumatism

t-jLiJl

U-j> m. a-Jo6d6 bloom of

youth, freshness of youth; i^ll **- m'at


al-m. amplitude;
~**-y\S J_ji

Jljj> mrni
betically t>'jj- murjin

JjjU look up alpha-

fJ oi-m.

wave

length (radio) ; jlxiL-1

<*-^.

wave of dismorphine
pl. -t

approval
g\j*

mawwj

undulating,

undulant;

Cjj_p mrina
jj*
1

wooden beam,
)

rafter

Burgin g, rolling; waved, undulated, un-

mauz

(coli.;

n.un.

banana

dulate;

(pl. -t)

transmittex (radio)
*\* Kj

mds diamond

(cf.

^lil alphabetically)
(used attributively)

,j* ijUl J*
j-jjc"

famuAj waving (of the hair)

>^

c old

wave, permanent wave


pl.

^-L msi diamond


2

tamawwuj

-t

osciilation,

Vi-

<s'J*

bration; undulation,

undulant motion;
(pemtiya)

ma f., pl. ^j* amws straight razor mvsd Moses


|

mawsin,

^yA

swaying, rolling

v>-* ^^rj*
r>*"
'

sound waves;

O W
aurging,

'^-^*

al-haw'

^j*

,iir*

samak m.

plaice, flounder (zool.)

atniospherio vibrations

^U

md't;

iSyj* maawi Moeaic(al)


awelling,
rollingi

tumultuous, stormy, high (sea)

*j*~y*

(It.

mostarda) musfarda mustard

rjt mumawwaj undulated, undulate, waved, wavy, wavelike, undulatory

jS^j* mosh, mosk Moscow


jU--_j> msiqr musician

ry* mutamawvij

surging, rolling, un-

dulating, undulant, wavelike, undulatory;

J ^ J<>
^iL m$

msiq

(f.)

music
|

wavy
(med.)

(hair)

i-.^' ,jJ-l {humm) un-

mslql musician; musioal

*JT

dulant

fever,

Malta fever,

brucellosis

<JL--^ musical Instrument


(n.

un.

leguminous plant with

-jl^ mutamwij undulate, wavy, rippled; curled


jj>

waved,

black edible grains, Indian pea (Phaseolus

max. L.

bot.)

mda

pl. -<W

fashion, style; faahionable;


J

pl.

hat fashions, millinery

l*jl\

J* of

J*#>ll al-maufil

Mosul

(city in

Iraq)

the tatest fashion, fashionable, modish,


Btylish

<**y {=
j* see

j^*)

mda

fashion, style

jU
to

Jjj* mdell or Jjjjpattern

mdil

pl.

-f

model,
X

J>

II

make
(*

rieh,

enrich
to be

s.o.);

to to

finance

s.th.)

financed;

Hjj*) jL*
fro,

mara u (maur) to move


side to side

to

and

become
wealthy

rieh,

wealthy

to

become

rieh,

move from
maunvr

do.

jlj>
jyc"

pendulum

J L.

mal

pl.

J \j

amwl property
goods;
wealth,
in-

tamawwur swaying, Bwinging moand


fro,

possessions,

chatteis,

tion; \jji to

back and forth

affluence;

fortune,

estate;

money;

J*
conie,

032

revenue;
(eg.)

asaets,

capital,
(lal.

stock,

L*j* mflmtyif , *-.j^ mflmtyo pl. -t


(o-*)

mummy

fund;

tax, eap., land tax;


title
;

Law)

marketable
chattela,

pl.

property ,

assets,

U mna u (mann,
s.o.);

*j_J*

mu'na) and

goods;
|

peouniary
JL*

II to Provision,

supply with provisions


(i_

resouroea,
(

funds;
JLs-l

taxes
JL
(eg.)

ji

wealthy, rieh;

to provide, furnish, supply or s.th. with)

(ihtiyti)

reserve fund; JL.

* or

s.o.

to stre

up

LUVI
al-harm
(eg.)

land

tax;

l>l
f

JL.
I

m.

provisions, lay in provisions, provision


o.s. *j_y

ill-gotten
jjJu

gain;

i*j$ll

JL

taxes;

JljJ

(mvqarrara)

mna

provisions;

(eg.)

mortar

direct taxes; Jij JL* (naqll) or

J>L* JL*
Law);
*

^j tamwin

food supply, provision*

movable property, movables


immovablea
Law);

(1*1.

ing; supply; replenishment Jlj* pl. of Lu.

CjIj JL* landed property, real property,


;

rjja*

JL*

(mutaqawwim)
value
c-w
(Ist.

thing without

oommercial

pjj* mnijf Munioh


(j)

Jlll ,>^t treaaurer;

Jlil

!wi/

aJ-m. (publio) treasury; JL*

^1;

etc., see

with);
JL.

U mha u (mauh) to mix (^ * B.th. u a (mauA, jj* mu'h, **L

mAa) to abound in water


mdlt

II

to

abound

monetary,

peeuniary,

fi-

in water; to

pour water
to
tbin,
(*

(* into),

admix
water
falsify

nancial; finance (in Compounds); fiscal;


financier, capitalist
|

water (*

to);

dilute,

JL*

c~u

(6ai/)

down, adulterate
(*,

s.th.);

to

finance house, banking house; JL*

>*J
(*ana)

(to^oibm)
fiscal

inflation;

iJL.

Jp

s.th.),

misrepreaent (* s.th.); to
-_j

year;
fine

IJL. <J^ (gardma) or jjJ*

feign, affect (J*

s.th.

toward

s.o.);

to

oamouflage

(* s.th.; Syr. t mtl.); to ooat,


(<-

iJL.

overlay, plate

* a base metal

with

JL* mitt/a

monetary
jljj

affaire, finance,
Sit-

gold or silver) IV to add water (* to)


U

publio

revenue; finances, financial


[

m'

pl.

L.

miyah,

.1^.1
f

amwh
L

uation

JUI

finance

ministry,

water; liquid, fluid; juioe


fluently,

jjU-l Ulf

treasury department
Jlj*

smoothly,

like

olookwork;
{eye

mawwl

pl.

-n

(tr.)

financier,

jjI

(abycuP)
L*

cataract

disease);

capitalist

j*
tamwil
finanoing;
(eg.)

m. az-zahr orange-bloasom wa*L*

ter; i_jIjJ!

m. aS-Sabb freshness of
of youth;

Jjj^"

tax-

paying

youth, prime

^p

L*

(*a4b)
L*

fresh water, potable water;

^jU
4*-_JI

pl.

Jy mumaww
i}y
rieh

pl.

-n

(ep.)

taxpayer

i> jl*

L* carbonated water, mineral water;


l*

mumawwal

propertied, wealthy,

UjJj^Jl

Eau

de Cologne;

L m.

al-wajh honor, deoenoy, modesty, self-respect; <4*-j


rieh, wealthy, well*
saorifice one's honor,
L jljl

Jj*u mutamaww

anS^a m'a wajhihl to

abse

o.s.; to dis-

to-do ; financier, capitalist

honor, disgrace
'Jlj-

s.o.; 44*-j L.

JL

do.;

L.

mawwl

pl. Jijj>

mat!^ a poem

in

jj_JI

m. al-ward rose water;


territorial

i-*Jil

L.

colloquial language, often sung to the ac-

(iqlimiya)

waters; jlL.^/1 L.
i-i>r "L-*
(?

companiment of a reed pipe


LJI^*

m. al-amfr rain water;

au/*y)

maw&Jiy do.

ground water;
waters; *LJI

5JL-L. L. (ahillya) ooastal

L.

_^ iwn m. as-aam* the

mfim wax
r-*

Arabs

933

Jf
drill

^U
jU
L*U
,L.

mhi

and

jjU

mvX watery,

ground;
jl-L* jl-L*

military training

center;

aqueous, aquatic
md'l aquatic, water; liquid, fluid;

^ji-\
JL-Jl

m. al-harb theater of war;


race
course,
field

race

track;

J^Jl l-L m. al-'amal

of activity,

hydraulio

scope of action;
look

JliJI

jl-L battlefield;

up alphabetioaUy
juice,

J^S\

jl-L

rp-

to be put out of
l-L-ii

mdwlya and iJU m'lya

service or commision;

j _^

to

eap
o^f* tomutfA coating,
ing,
attire,

tum
J
plating;
cloth_tll

up, appear on the scene; l-L*


/*

m. -iaraf on the

field

of honor;

loJ.1 ajI-l fieldpiecea, field guns, infantry

garb

overfilling ;

feigning,

ho witzers
aJU m5**d
aiok
;ju*U
pl.

pretending, affectation; Camouflage (Syr.,

m.); diatortion (of


tion,
falaification
|

facta), misrepresenta-

j-l.

maid

dizzy, sea-

*i^l ^tT

ka*a at~t.

overfull oup

m'ida

pl.

-<W,

Jb'lj-

matttfid*
table;
table;

jr.K* tomwiAi feigned, aham, mock, make-believe Vr._K jl* mook attack,
|

table
ijjjl

>ll
|

'l*

operating
dressing

loJU
Iju'L.

m.

ax-zina

JyLJl
feint

m. as-sufra dining table

jjJl.u madliyn medallion

C- and <-* see Oj(-_*)

"(ju)

jL.

mfo

(mar)

and IV to provide

(<JU

'ytfJoA for one's family)

-U

nuSAa

(mai'A,

**->w maiAflAa) to
dignity;

js*

miro

pl.

>

miyor proviaions,

atrut,

walk with

affected

to

supplies, Stores

waddle V and VI to
to swing

reel, totter,

stagger;

to ask (*
|

s.o.

a favor),
r (

jL. mayyr oaterer, purveyor, supph'er

requeBt <* a.th.)

>

Iji* j-t-l

v4ran)

tjj* mir (=

jj^.1)

public, governmental,
(in

to apologize for
(-L.)

s.th.

government-,

State-

Compounds);
fiso,

jL.

mda

(maid, ji-L

mayaWn)

to

fiscal;

jjJ.1

the government, the


|

be moved, shaken, upset, shooked; to


away; to Bwing; to
feel

the excbequer
taxea; jjvLI

jjJ.1

JL

government

giddy, be dizzy;

il ^A-l

government

Und
oolonel

jL.

to shake s.th. violently VI to

sway

j VTjw

mirJdy (formerly,
{It.)

ffp.)

back and forth, swing from side to aide


l* mida
pl.
-L.

*\Jj* mirliw'
's* {Fr. maire)

brigadier general

miyad

(eg.)

lintel,

m8r

pl.

jL.1

amyr

(maQr.)

breastsummer
I.L.

(arch.)

mayor
mid' meaaure, amount, length,
distance;

mid'o

(prep.)

in

front

of,

jj^>

mairn chrism

(Chr.)

opposite, facing
ul-L

maidn, midn

pl.

^.L* maydin*
field;

(>*) JU mza * (maiz) to separate, keep apart (jo two things); to distinguish, honor, favor
{

square,

open place, open tract;


zone;
race
course,
field,
|

s.o.)
s.o.),
(

II

to

confer distinction

arena; battleground, battlefield; combat


area,
fighting

upon

distinguish,
s.o.,
je-

commend,
s.o.

race

honor, favor

above

eise,

track; playground
line,

(flg.);

domain,
l-L

also Jfr); to distinguish, set aside, cause

sphere of activity

i-jjJ^JI

to stand out

(*,

e.o., a.th., je-

from); to

>?
prefer

934

(j*

* or

s.o.

or .th. to); to
apart,
s.o.,

mahlsamat

at,t.

court of oassation (Syr.);

separate,

segregate,

aet

Single
a.th.);

out, select, choose, pick {*,

jlS j& j unwittingly, unintentionally, with no deficite purpoae in mind; **->-1


>wxfl J\a

to grant to
s.o.),

special right or privilege

je (akrajah) to deprive
s.o.

b.o.

privilege

s.o.);

to distinguish,
*,

of his olear judgment, rob

of hia

differentiate, discriminate (jes.th.

s.o.,

from, also

,>;

,jo

between two

jl~*l

imtiyz
of)

pl.

-t

distinction,
benefit,

things,

one thing from another) IV to

(mark
merit;
tiation,

honor;

advantage,
distinction,

distinguish,
(* s.th.)

mark

(*

s.th.);

to

prefer

difference,

dferenright,

to be set apart, be separated

discrimination ;
ooncession,
(oil)

Bpeeial

or separate, be distinot, be distinguished,

privilege ;

patent,

permit,

be differentiated; to distinguish

o.e.,

be

license, franohise;

concession; pre|

distinguished, be marked, stand out; to

rogative,

priority

right

CjIjLuVI

be

marked

out

with

distinotion,

be
|

^--Vl
(of

{ajnabiya)

the
in

oapitulations

honored, be favored; to be preferred


Ui-i

Western

powers

the

Orient)
privi-

jS

(gaizan)

to burst with anger


o.s.

ij-UjLjJI
leges;

CjIjLuVI

diplomatio

VI to distinguish

(J in);
(i_>

to differ

jLulM t^-L#
a newspaper

holder' of the con-

VIII to distinguish o.e.


s.th.,

by,

in

cession, concessionaire, responsible


lisher of

pub-

je or J* above s.o. or s.th., j* as compared with s.o. or s.th.); to be


distinguished, be

marked

(<_>

by); to be
(i_>

>j

mumayyiz

distinguishing,

dis-

characterized, be signalized
excel,

by); to
(je-

tinctive; characteristic, peculiar, proper;

surpass, outdo,

outshine

or

disoriminating,
rational
'j*

discerning,

reasonable,

J*

s.o.

or s.th.); to have the advantage,

(Isl.

Lato)
pl.

take preference (J* over), be preferred (J* *o); to differ (j* or J* from b.o., j
or

mumayyiza

-t

distinguish-

ing feature, distinotive mark, characteristic trait, peculiarity; distinotion,

in^in that

...)

(mark

of) honor; advantage, merit

>- maiz
ferment

distinction

favoring,

pre-

>j mumayyaz distinguished,


favored,
pri veged ;
distinct,

preferred,

separate,

>-

mlza peculiarity,

distinguishing

speoial

feature, distinctive

mark, essential prop>*i*


tingue;

erty, characteristic; prerogative, priori-

mutamayyiz distinguished,
marked,
notable,

dis-

prominent,

ty right
J*\ amyaz* preferable (J* to)

outBtanding, characterized by distinctive


traits, characteristio
j\i

>_c

tamyiz

distinction ;

preference
pref-

mumtz

distinguished,
select,

dferenrare
first-

preferment,
erential
tiality;

favoring,
;

favoritism, privileging ;

tiated;

exquisite,

choice,

treatment

par-

outstanding,

superior,

first-rate,

Separation, segregation, sifting,


dif-

class, top-notch,

exceptional, excellent;

singling out; specification {gram.);

pri veged; special, extra; (as

an examispecial

ferentiation ;
discretion,

discrimination,

judgment,
realization, deat-t.

nation grade) passed with distinction,


excellent
class;
|

common

sense ;

jb* y.i

<*-j.s

(daraja)

discemment, conscious perception ;


liberate intention
|

jb*

(dvyn)

privileged

>rJI
(jur.)
;

J~-

sinn

debts, preferred debts; j\n a-U ('adad)


special issue (of a periodical)

age

of

discretion

./~*s!l

'*&

935

et
pl. -t

,>jl>1
l

(It.

mezzanino)

miznin mezzanine

^jjSL* mikrb

miorobe
-t

(_

r^)
to

^L
move V

msa
to

(mais,
fro,

jlu mayasn)

jij^z* mikrfn pl.

microphone
1

and

awing from aide to

aide; to

walk with a proud, awinging

HJrO

J'-*

wdb*

(mail, j
(Jl

^* mayaln)

to

gait

to walk with a proud, swinging gait

bend, bend

down
slope,

to;

J* over); to
tilt,

bow down,
i

rtr

mais proud gait; proud bearing

lean over, turn (J* to s.o.);


slant,
tip,

to

incline,

be

^-x.

mw

pl.

^LJ

amya

(eg.)

target

inclined,

slanting,

oblique ;

to

incline,
(Jl

^L* mayya
proud
a
l

Walking with a lofty,

tend,

be

favorably

disposed
liking,
(Jl

to),

gait, strutting

have a predileotion, a
clination,

an

infeel

propensity

for),

r^

(Engl, mess), .tLuJl

rx* m.

a4-#ubbf

sympathy
favor (Jl
with),

(Jl for),
s.o.);

sympathize

(Jl with),

offleers

me&s
i

to take sides, to aide {**


biased,

(-U-)

JL mdfa

(maif, U..

mayafn) to
(* a.th.)

be

partial,

prejudioed;

remove, pull away, draw back


IV do.
|

to lean

^
i

(.liiJI

JL.I

to disclose, un-

cover, reveal s.th., bring s.th. to Light


(*?)
f-L.

(J* against); to revolt, rebel (J* againet), be hostiie (J* to s.o.); to be disinclined, be averse (je- to a.th.);
to have

an antipathy, a
for);

diataste,

a dis-

m'a

(mai') to flow; to spread;

like

(^

to deviate, digresa,
(je-

tum

to melt, diaaolve (fat) II to soften, at-

away, depart
drag or take
(J^->

from);

Jl

*j

JL.
...;

tenuate, dute, tiquefy (* s.th.) IV to


melt, liquefy
(.*

s.o.

or s.th. along to

to

s.th.)

V and VII to be

muyl) to prepare to set (sun); to

melted, melt, dissolve

decline,
J-.

draw to

its

end (day, night);

p* mai' flowing,
**-*

flow; liquidity, fluidity

mayila a (mayal) to be bent, bowed,

tiited, averted,

tumed
tilt,

aside II

and IV

mai'a

storax, a kind of incense

to incline, tip,

bend,

bow

(* a.th.);

obtained from the storax tree, resin of


to

make
to

s.o.)

inclined,

sympathetio
or
(

the storax tree (Styrax officinalis) ; prime,


or

favorably
s.th.),

disposed
incline,
to),

(j-

Jl

to

bloom

(of youth)

indulgence, compliance;
s.o.,

dispose
fill

a.o.'a

unstableness, unsteadiness
4p^_*

mind

j-

or Jl

a.o.)

with

muy'a

liquid State; unstableness,

sympathy
inolined

(Jl for);

to

make
to),

( s.o.) dis-

unsteadiness

or averse

(^

tum
reel,

s.o.'a
*

<tU im'a
_c
j'L

melting, liquefaction

mind
s.o.

()

away from
waver

(jp), alienate (jp

tamayyu* liquescence, liquefaction

from)

V and VI to

totter,

atagger; to

(tone); to sway, Swing


tilt

mai' melting,

liquid, fluid; liques;

to cause to incline, incline, tip, to or toward); to win

{*

cent, semiliquid;

vague (expreasion)

uns.th., Jl
i_jjUJI

( s.o.,

also

deeided, pending, in flux (Situation)

the

hearta),

attraot,
( s.o.),

win over,
(

* (Engl.) mica
JSv-. mileni mechanical, mechanized
IS^jtSv^.

bring to one's side

gain favor

with

s.o.),

win

s.o.'s () affection

mlknik mechanics
miknlki
mechanical,
auto-

mail pl. Jj- muyl, JL.I amyl J_. inolination, tut; bend, tum, defleotionj
obliquenesa, obliquity, slant; slope, incline,

5LjKr.

matic, mechanized, mechanio ; motorized

declivity ;

deviation,

divergenoe,

a mechanio

declination (a&tron.); affection (Jl for),

; ,

^
attachment
(Jl to); predilection, liking,
;

936

'Jr*

pl.

JL.1 amyl mile


j

(= 4000
(bahrt)

^Iji);

sympathy ( Jl for) propensity, diaposition,


faent,

milestone
mile,

4^
(*

J-.

nautioal

leaning, inclination, taste, desire,

knot Vux
i

wish,
(Jl to,

tonging ;

tendency,

trend,

drifb

toward)
dis-

J-.

milli-,

measurea)
lie, teil

JL. mayyl inclined, favorably


posed
favor
J-.1
(Jl

(jw)

U m&na jy main

(main) to

lie

to),

leaning (Jl toward); in


(Jl

pl. j-*

muyn

lie,

falsehood

(Jl of),

biaaed

toward or

for)

untruth

amyal 2 more
(

inclined, strongly

inclined
<)L.I

Jl to),

more

in favor (Jl of)


1

L* mayyn and Jl* m'in


L-.

liar

imla pronunciation of a shaded


t

mtnd and
glass,

U-.

m\na

glaze, glazing;

toward
JjLf
ing,

{gram.)
reel(ing),

enamel
waying, tottermetal,

(of the

teeth;

as a coating of
;

tamyul

or

pottery)

(pl.

j\j*
|

stagger(ing),

waver(ing) ; Vibration

mawni' 2 )
L-IIj

dial (of

a watch or clock)

JL* (maflty) enamel-coated, enam-

JjU m'il inclining (Jl to or toward); bending down, bowing down, leaning
over;
bent, tilted; sloping,
;

eled

declivitouB

M-.

min'

f.

and <~* mina


port, harbor,

pl. o\j

mawnin,
|

(terrain)

inclined,

slanting,

oblique
|

jw miyan
5j _j^-

anchorage

U-.

JJL ~L-

{safh) inclined

plane (molk.)

(jaimriya) airport

^^JjU nbulua 2

Nablus (town

in

Jordan)
^-j-Li

LU nbuli or J^jU nbli Napoli, Naples


(seaport in S Italy)
J_-jlJ nrajtt

nms

pl.
(

rx.

l_jj

nawamfe*

law

rule; honor; aee also ^^-r


(coli.)
1

coconut(a)

Lfl!

na' a (na* y) to be

far, far

away, distant,
go
o.a.

iL*-jL>

nrajila (n. un.) coconut; Fer-

ramote
keep

(je-

rom), keep away, stay away,


aloof,

sian water pipe, narghile

at

a diatance, remain

jojU nradin

away, move away, depart, abaent


nard, spikenard

(je firom), leave (je a.th., s.o.) III to

jU

Tiranj bitter orange

keep far away, keep at a diatance (je *


or

jjU nzi Nazi


jjL

s.o.

or s.th. from), keep a wide


(*,

diatance

between

s.o.

or s.th., je

nziya Nazism
(cf.

and)

IV to remove, move away, take


s.o.

^Ij ns men, people, folks


Oj-Li n**
yt

^1)
humanity

away, place at a diatance (je


VI to

from)

human

nature,

move away, move

apart,

draw away

from one another; to be away from one

na'ama

a to aound, resound, ring out;

another, be at a diatance, be Beparated,

to groan,
iU

moan
noise, sound, tone

be apart; to keep away, stand aloof, be

na'mo

away, be at a diatance

(je-

from) VIII to

;;

937

be away, be at a diatance (jp from); to go away, move away, draw away, depart,
absent
s.o.)
o.a.

make known, announce,


municate {je or
evidence
{je- of),

impart,

comto be

to

s.o. s.th.);

(jp

from), leave

(jp

s.th.,

show, indicate, manifest,


{je- s.th.)
(->

bespeak, reveal, diacloae

IV to

gl} jtj
lil

na'y remoteness na'y and jjj nu'


ditch
pl.
LiT

inform,
of),

notify,

teil,

advise

s.o.

let {* s.o.)

know (^ V

about),

make

n\

known, announce, impart, communicate(->

ana

to

s.o.

s.th.)

to predict, foretell,

^tjl

an'd farther away, remoter, more

forecast,

prognosticate, presago, proph-

diatant
tfL.

esy

(->

s.th.);

to claim to be a prophet,

pose aa a prophet

to aak for news, for to inquire (* after),

man'an diatant place

^Lt tf
in,

information

(* s.o.);

to

keep away from, remain aloof


of,

ask (* about)

from, keep out

not get involved

refuee to have anything to do with


bJ tana'in great distance, remotenesa

naba'

pl.

Ul anba

news, tidings,

information, intelligence ; announcement


report,

news item, dispatch


al-a. or Li Vi i_-i-

Li Vi

JSj
al-a.

U n'in far, far

away, diatant, remote;

waklat

maktab

outlying, out-of-the-way, secluded

news agency, wire

service

jli ny
piece,

pl. -l

nay, a flute without mouthof

Li nab'a faint noise,

low sound

made

bamboo, rarely of wood,

l*jj nub'a pl. -t


.Lil

prophecy
notification,
infor-

in different aizea, which,

when blowu,

is

inba

pl.

-dt

held in a alanting forward position (unlike a

mation, communication

German

flute}

J_ tanabbu'
u-i^J
I

pl. -l

prediction, forecast,

unbb and ^J

unbba

pl.

i^-u U

prognoatication, prophecy
^ij

anbib 2 Joint (of a knotted tem), part

between two nodes; tube, pipe, conduit,


conduit
pipe,

nabata u (nabt) to grow (esp., of plante,


also, e.g., of teeth); to sprout,

main duot;
light

tube
|

(e.g.,

germinate;

of toothpaate);

bulb

*!J\

-jjl

to produce plants, bring forth Vegetation


(soil) II

u. ar-ri'a windpipe, trachea (anat.);


1 '

w^l

to plant, sow, seed (* s.th.) IV to

Xjj^I torpedo tube; j-jj- v^r (mufar* rag) vacuum tube (radio); i_^jIjVI J**jcatt al-a.

germinate, cause to sprout (* a seed);


to

make

(* s.th.)
)

grow; to grow, plant,

pipeline
fis-

cultivate (* a.th

to plant, cultivate,

grow,
cJ^Jl unbbi tubulr, tube-shaped,

raise {* plants); to
e.g.,

breed

(* plants),

culture (*
tlo

bacteria)

tuloua; pipe- (in


Li

Compounds)
nabt
;

germination,

sprouting
Vegetation,
sprout,

naba'a a

(*_J

nab',

#^J

nvb*)

to

be

growth
plants ;

vegetable
herbage,
c-aJI

growth,
herbs,

high, raised, elevated, protruding, projecting,

grasa ;

prominent; to overcome, over-

plant
bility,

iy gwat an-n. germina-

power,

overwhelm

(J*

s.o.);

to

turn

germinative faculty
nabta plant, sprout, shoot, aeedling
iiabt
-t) (coli.)

away, withdraw, ahrink (jp from); to be repelled, repulsed, aickened, disguated, shocked
notify,
teil,
{je.

oj

by)
{je-

II

to inform,
<_

adviae

or
{je-

<-?

s.o.

of
|

iL
(pl.
|

plante,

Vegetation;

plant, vegetable organism;

s.th.), let (* .o.)

know

or

about),

herb

j^L-l

(iqtisdl)

economic

; ;

938

plant; ijjJl plant;


iliLl

liiLi
iliLi

n. az-zlna
(fibbl)

ornamental

I^Jl

-Li

(nab$a n-nawdk) to reject or


s.o.

^L

medicinal plant;

dismiss s.th. or

with disdain, Bpurn


II

JTT herbivorous animal; jLJI ^SC1p 'nt

or scorn s.th. or
(* grapes)

s.o.

I; to

press

sukkar an-n. rock candy; oLl


an-n. botany

III to separate, secede, withs.o.),


^jL*

draw
s.o.)
|

from
'-r'^J-l

oppose,
(harba)

resist

to

declare

ciLi na&ti vegetable, vegetal, plant(in

Compounds)

war on
;

s.o.

botanical ;

botanist

IV to press {* grapes) VI to
VIII
to

vegetarian (adj. and n.)


i_jjJ

be

feuding
j

withdraw,

retire,

retreat

i--Ll

i-Jl

{nhiyatan) to step
aide; to retreat

nabbt

pl.

d^iLj

no&&tt 1

(e^.)

aside,

withdraw to one

quarterstaff,

cudgel,

bludgeon,

club,

into

a oorner
nab$ throwing away, discarding;
repudiation,

truncheon, night etick


-*i*
bit*

Lj
pl.

manbat, Trumbit

CjL. man*

rejection,

disavowal;

re-

plantation, plant nursery, arboretum

nunciation, resignation; surrender, relin-

hotbed, birthplace, fountainhead, headspring, origin, source

quishment,

abandonment;

(pl.

iLil
trifle,

anbd4) small amount, a


bagatelle
S-Lj
|

little,

CaJu

tan6t{ planting, cultivation, seed-

pIIJI

J Insubordination ij nvbad small piece,

bed planting
ii>

nubda

pl.

Liz

trttnbt planting,

cultivation

part, portion, fragment, fxaction, section;

growing

(newspapor)

article,

story; tract,

pam-

phlet, leaflet; amall ad(vertisement)

oL nbita generation
-LJ

nabi

cast-off,

discarded,

re-

C-It^
raised,

mustanbat
;

oultivated,

grown,
cul-

jected, disowned, repudiated, dismissed;


(pl.

bred

plantation,
c.JLi

nursery,

IJJl

anbida) wine

JLxiJt

rjj ruh

ture

^iJ^l

baoterial culture

an-n. Bpirits of wine, alcohol


X>\S

J nabaha a

(nabh, ^LJ niA, ntbA, w-J

nb%4

** Ul

**"

(ffflttw)

na&i) to bark (J* at s.o.), bay (J* s.o.) VI to bark at each other; to bark ai-

centrifugal force

*j~*

manbg

cast-off, disoarded; cast-

multaneously, answer each other'e barks


(dogs, e.g., at night)

out, ostraoized, baniBhed, expelled, dis-

owned, repudiated; abandoned; foundling,

pj

nabh, *-U nubdh, nibft and n-J

waif

neglected,

disregarded
(in

nablk barking, bark, baying, yelp(ing)


rXS nabbh barker, yelper

jjj^iil

the

untouchables

India),

the pariahs

nabara

(nabr) to

raise,

elevate;

to

J nabaga
toss,

(nab4) to hurl, fling, throw, or


(* s.th.);

go up with the voice, sing in a highpitched voice; tostress, emphosize, accentuate; to shout, yell, soream
to cry out VIII to swell,
(

away
(*

to rejeot, discard,
oT,

spurn

s.th.);

to cast out, cast

at s.o.);

ostracize,
diate,

oxpel,

banish, disown, repu-

beoome swollen
stress,

remove, eliminate, dismiss, aban(*,

don, forsake, give up, renounoe


s.o.,

^0 nabr aocentuation, accent,

s.th.); to

withdraw, turn away (*

emphasis
jj nibr and jLil anbr pl.
bir*,
j<lil

from), relinquish, forswear (* s.th.); to break, violate, infringe (* a contraot, a


treaty),

an*

j^lJl

anbir* barn, shed, granary,

default (Jl

against

s.o.)

storeroom, storehouse, warehouse

939

C?
U*J
pulse
<uLi
naixja,

lj-3

nabra

pl.

nabart

awelng,

in-

nab4,

naba4

pl.

^j-iLJl

anb&4

tumescence, protuberance ; stress, aooent,


acoentuation ; tone
iZj\j-j

throbbing, throb, pulsation, palpitation;

(of the

voice);

pl.

infleotion of the voioe, iutonation,

nabatfa pulsation, pulse

cadence
je minbar pl.

yL. manbir* mimbar;

^^jL!

nb%4 pulsating, pulsative, beat-

pulpit; rostrum, platform, dais

ing, throbbing, palpitating; spring,

main|

jLj minbr
intestine
|

pl.

juL. manbir* gut,

apring, coil Bpring, spiral spring


LJ-L; (bi-l-hayh)
*,- -

+*)j

Jl-

jU- (maAy) sauaage


no&rb* lamp,
(ittajxqfa)

vibrant with

lifo

^l^j

rttni pl.
|

^jLj

manbid spot where the pulse or


is feit

light,

lantern
s.o. for

Ul^J

i* Jcl

to take
JJ

heartbeat

an example, model
i

o.s. after s.o.

nabafa u
out,

(nabf,

ijJ

nubt) to well
isaue,

>j

nabaza
insulting

(nabt) to give a derieive or


(

gush

out,
II

spout,
(eg.)

Btream

name

to

forth (water)
s.o.) II

do.

with
>j

s.o.),

to find fault (J* carp, scoff, gibe, anecr (J*


(* s.th.) to

naboz

pl.

jLi

anb&z niokname,

at

s.o.)

IV to cause

gush out

sobriquet

or well forth, bring <* s.th.) to the aurt

j^J nabasa
say,

(nofca,

<_ nu6i), to utter,


|

face; to find, discover (* water,

oil, etc.),

apeak

II

do.

<JSv>

come upon
{6i-

(*),

open up, tap

(*

a source,

fcaWma) he did not say a

word

well, etc.)
etc.),

X
a

to find, discover (* water,


(*),

oil,

come upon

open up, tap

ui nabaSa u

(nabJS)

to excavate, dig up,

( a source,

well, etc.); to invent, dis-

dig out of the ground, unearth, exhume,


diainter (* s.th.); to uncover, lay open,

cover, think up, devise, design, contrive,


find

out

(*

s.th.);

to

derive,

extract,

unveil, disclose, reveal, bring to light,

draw, take (j*


iJ

* s.th.

from)
deep,

bring out into the open (*


search,

s.th.)

II

to

nabaf

depth,

profundity

rummage, burrow (j
rifie

in s.th.),

the innermost, inmost part, core, heart


J*-Jl

ransack,

(j B.th.)

^J
digging

an-nabat

pl.

.HJ'tfl

al-anbf the

nabS

excavation,

unearthing,
search,

Nababeans
^jLJ nabafi

up

examination,

ex-

ploration ;
elation
|

unoovering,

disclosure,

rev
of

Nabatoan

(adj.

and

n.)

jj^

o-?

desecration

^LiiJ

istinbt discovery, invention

graveB,

body Bnatching
;

Ul:

mustanbif discoverer, inventor

^Li nabbS gravedigger body snatcher


Jlm nabU dug
^SjJl
unfrfli

oLUJx-**

mustanba^t discoveries,

in-

up, eicavated

ventionB
pl.

and ii>Jl
excavation,

unbia

^J naba'a u

a (nab' t 9yj nubu,

jUj naba*

J^j Li object
I
l

anbiP

excavated

'an) to well, well up,

gush

forth, flow,

isaue (j- from); to riae, spring, originate


%

uJtJ

nabatfa

(naba",

OLJ naba4n)
palpitate

to

(river)

IV to cause

(* a.th.) to

gush forth

beat,

throb,

pulsate,

(heart,
off,
I

or flow out

pulse);

u (^j-i nubd)

to flow

J nab* a tree whose


in

wood was used


|

ran

off,

drain (water)

arrow-making; spring, aouroe

fj

e
^JU
^Jl
(nab'a)

040

approx. :

to

cross

JJ

nubl

and

*JU

nabaia

nobility,

swords with the Opponent

nobleneas, exalted rank or Station, emispring,

. manba'
origin
oil

pl.

L.

manbC*

nenoe ; noble-mindedness, high-minded ness,

well; fountainhead, springhead, source,


|

magnanimity, generosity
nabl

c-iJ

ajI*

m.

zart

or JjJ

*-i*

J-i
*

and

well
")U

^1

nabU

pl.

JU

nibl,

nubal"*

noble ;

lofty,

exalted,

>rt y^nb"
source, well

pl.

Uj

yandfrT 1 Bpring,

sublime, august; aristocrstic, highborn, highbred, patrioian, distinguished; noble-

J naa^a a * (naty, j^j ntt&flp) to arise, emerge (j- from), oome to the fore, oome
in sight,

minded, high-minded, generous, magnanimous; exoellent, outstanding, superior;


magnificent,
pl.

appear,

show;

to

spread,

splendid,

glorious ;

U-H

diffuse,

be diffused; to have Buperior or


be

*^LJI (formerly:) title of

members of

eztraordinary qualitiea, stand out. distinguiah


o.s.,

the Egyptian royal family

distinguished,

be

JU
nb
j

nabbi
pl- Jt>

pl.

^U

marked; to
be a genius

nabbia and J,U

exoel, be outstanding (j in);

nubbal archer,

bowman

to be an outstanding, exoeptional man,

jjJ

nvb$#

eminence,

distinotion;

nabaha u, nabxka a and nabuha u (i*U nafcAa) to be well-known, noted, re-

superior or extraordinary qualitiea, exceptional


faculties,

nowned, famous;

nabiha a (nabah) to
s.th.),

giftedness,

talent,

heed, mind, note, obBerve (J

pay

genius; outstanding greatness, brilliancy,

attention (J to), take notice (J of); to

genius (of an artistio achievement)


}li

wake up, awaken


tention
(.)

II

to call
J*),
.

s.o.'s

at-

to

(Jl

or

point

nbtf outstanding, distinguished;

out

gifted, talented;

man

show, indioate
to inform,
s.o.
teil,

(Jl or

of genius, brilliant

J*

to s.o. B.th.);

peroon
of);

to

apprise, notify (Jl or J* * remind (Jl s.o. of); to


(

jL;

nbtfa

pl.

ijl_^J

nawdbig 1 a

dis-

inform, instruot, brief

J*

b.o.

about);

tinguished, famous, or outstanding

man,

towarn, oaution
en, rouse
(f_yjl

( s.o.);

to wake, awak-

a poetio genius

b.o.

from

sleep); to

JJ

nabq, nibq t nabaq, nabiq

(coli.; n.

un.

arouse, alert, Btir up, exoite, stimulate


)
(t

nabk, a Christ'a-thom (Zizyphus spinaohristi; bot.); lotus fruit; lotus

s.o.)

IT to awaken, rouse

b.o.,

bloesom
anbiq*

s.th.)

to peroeive, notice, note, realize

(J or Jl B.th.),

become aware, become

J-yl

anbiq,

inbig

pl.

j^ljl

alembio, distling flask

conscious (J or Jl of); to be alerted, have


one's attention

drawn
Jl,

(J or Jl,

J*

to),

*Sw nabka, nabaka

hill,

hillook

take notice (J or
(J

or

Jl,
Jl,

Jj

nabaia u (nabl) to shoot arrows


b.o.);

(.

at

to),

J* of), pay attention be mindful, heedful

(J or

nabula

u (JJU nabla) to be
above

J*
to,

of); to

wake up, awaken;


to

to

come

noble, noble-minded, generous, magnanimoufl, highborn, patrician; to be


s.th. (^y>),

regain consoiouaneae (with


YIII

4iJ

li-nafsihi)

be on one's

guard, be wary, cautious, careful; to be

be too high-minded to atoop

awake,

alert,

to(jp)

wakeful; to awaken, wake

up; to perceive, notice, note, observe

Jj nabl

(ooll.; n.

un.

!) pl.

JU

nibdl,

(Jl

or J s.th.); to understand, realize,


p,

JL'I anbot arrows

comprehend

(Jl

or J s.th.); to be

; ;

941

aware, be oonaciouB

(Jl

or J of s.th.); to

v'. muniabih awake, wakeful;


vigilant,

alert,

pay attention
sihi)

(Jl or

J to); to

oome

to,

watcbiul

attentive,

beedful

regain consciouaneBg (with *-Jd

li-naf*

careful, prudent, cautious,


Lj

wary, guarded

*J)

<J

nubh

insigbt,

disoemment,

per-

nab u (jJ nabty nubw) to be far off, distant, remote; to move away,

oeption, acumen, Bagaoity; understanding, attention; vigilanoe, alertneas

withdraw
je-

in

tbe diatance; to miss (arrow,


off,

tbe target); to bounce


(Jl

rebound,
ball);

<J

nabih and *-u nabfh

pl. *l+J

u-

bounce, bound
to
disagree

j* from

to;

baha* noble, highbom, patrioian; outstanding,


cellent ;

(j*

with);

to be

contra-

eminent,

diatinguished,

ex-

dictory (j* to), to conflict, be in conflict,

famouB, renowned, celebrated

be inconaiatent

(jt-

with); to be offensive,

understanding, Bensible, disoeming, judiciouB, perBpicacioua

repugnant

(je-

to s.o.); to dialike, find


|

repugnant {ja s.th.)


celebrity;

ulll

Li

(maknu)

i*U jtabha fame, renown,


exalted

he

feit

unable to remain in the place

rank

or

Btation,

eminence,

^
jjjj

nabiy
|

pl.

-n,

Lu

anbiy'*

nobility; vigilance, alertneas; intelligence

prophet

L^l

v*"

gut"* " 111

wood

i^. manbaha a
tention to s.th.
(

call

to

draw

b.o.'b at-

nabawi prophetio, of or pertain-

Jt), rouaing oall, incite( J*.

ing to a prophet or specifically to the

ment, impetus, incentive


.lJJ

to)

Prophet
!jj
>_jL'

Mohammed

tanbih

rousing,

awakening; ex-

nubtw prophethood, propheoy


nbin repugnant, distasteful, im-

citation, Stimulation, incitement, aroua-

ing; warning, cautioning, alerting; notiiication,

notice, information;

admonil

proper, ugly

tion, exhortation, advice, counBel, brief-

nata'a a (cJ not', *j nut*) to awell;

ing,

instruetion,

direction ;

nota bene,
(in

to bulge, bulge out ; to protrude, projeot,


jut out, Btand out, be prominent, pro-

note,
*_il

remark, annotation
3J

booka)

hom

(of

an automobile,

etc.)

tuberans embosaed,

in relief

4-u

tanabbuh

awakening,

wakeful-

:l nat'a hill, hillock, elevation

ness, alertneas

*_p
*Lul
intibh attention, attentivenesa
fore-

nut'

awelling,

intumeacenoe

growth, tumor; outgrowth, exerescence;


Protrusion,
protection,
hill,

vigilanoe, watchfulness, alertneas;


sight,

protuberance,
hillock,

circumspection,
caution;

prudence,
heed,
notioe,

care,

prominence, bulge;
tion
|

eleva-

carefulness;

ob-

ij-i-l

*yj n. al-jabha aalient, bulge

aervance
<>Lj

LuL attentively,
noble,

carefully

in the front line (mtl.)

nbih

highbom, patrician;

*jU

nti'

pl.

*J\j nawii'* awelling,

eminent; well-known, renowned, distinguished; famous, important


a-l.

awollen; protniding, projeeting, jutting


out, aalient, protuberant, bulging; bulge,

munabbih

awakening,

rousing;

hump, protuberance
burl) wristbone

tfjyS"

*l*Lj

(fcu'*

warning, cautioning, alerting; excitant,


Btimulant;
(pl. -l)

alarm clock; atimulua,

U
jeetion,

itfUi'a

pl.

"Jt_jj

nawti'*

pro-

Btimulative agent, atimulant, excitant


<Si*

protrusion,

jut,

prominence;
protuberance;

mutanabbih awake, wakeful

alert,

outgrowth,

exerescence,

vigilant, watohful

hump,

elevation

942

nataja
forth,

(^Ui
(*

nitj)

to

bear,

bring

>lf

Uaii>

muntajt
j

prooeeds,

returns,

throw

a young one); to proceed,

yields, produots

*-*ijj

C>Uiu

(ztnTfya)

derive, arise, follow, ense, result (j- or

agrioultural produots, farming produots,

je from), be the result of ( j. or je) IV to


bear,
forth,

produce
p^ii mustaniij maker, manufacturer,

throw
yield,

{*

a young one); to bring


produce,

generate,

make,

producer

manufacture, fabricate, oreate, originate,


cause,

provoke,

bring

about, ooeosion

^j natha exudation
x

(* s.th.), give rise (* to)

to conclude, _n natara

gather, infer, deduce, derive, trace (j* *


s.th. from),

(natr)

to grab, grasp, wrest


(* s.th.)

draw a conclusion

(j- from)
2

away, take away by foroe


Zj\Ju nitrt nitrate

^b* nitj (aot or procesa of) bearing,


throwing, littering (of armals); brood,
litter,

j*Tjj* nitrjSn nitrogen

offspring,
|

young

ones,

young

ani-

mals

J-A-'l

^LJ n. al-kail
pl.

foaJ(s)

J&
result,

nata&a

{natS)

to

pull

out,

extraot
(* s.th.);

4j*Jj

natija
issue,

^b

(* s.th.); to
nat'ij*

pluck out, tear out

to snatch away; to beat, strike, hit


^JUi- mintS tweezers, pincette

upshot,

outcome,

consequence

produet, effect, immediate result, fruits,


yield, prooeeds, gain, profit; (techn.) Out-

put

conclusion,

j
inference,

nata'a

deduetion

[fj

nut')

to

well

up,

bubble up, trickle out, ooze out, dribble,


trickle;

almanac, calendar; natijaia (prep.) because


i-*J
i_~J-l

(eg,)

to

Iift

up, carry

away

of,

as a result

of,

due

to,

owing to
therefore

(. s.o.)

L>

consequently,
4**J

hence,

n.

al-jaib

pocket oalendar;

.Jo natafa

{naif) to

pluck out, pull out,


like) II do.

Ju'U-l j^J

wall calendar

tear out (* hair,

and the
JjcI

rbl

intj generation;

making, manuraising,

ii

nutfa

pl.

nuiaf
little

tuft
s.th.

of

facture;

produetion;

rearing,

hair; a small
bJbJj

amount, a
pulled

of

breeding, growing, eultivation; productivity; creating, creation, creative activi-

natif

out,

torn

out

plucked
jCi

ty; Output (of a machine;

in mining)

j^^l rb^l (adabi) literary produetion;

natana

i,

natina a (natn) and naiuna u

rb^l j rcum

al-i.

excise tax
-t inference,

(b
con-

natna, *jj

nutna) to have an

r^-1
lj

offensive smell, be malodorous, stink; to


istintj
pl.

decompose,

rot,

decay,

become putrid
deoompose

clusion; deduetion
ntij

U
follow-

to render putrid, putrefy (* s.th.); to


(*

reaultant, resulting,

cause to deoay or rot,


B.th.)
jCi

ing, ensuing, proeeeding, deriving, aris-

IV

I
3Jb'

m8

(ij*

from); result; maker, producer


pl. -t

natn and

natna stench,

e-

rjz* mantj

produet, creation,

vil smell,

malodor; rotting, putrescenoe,

work, produetion

putrefaotion, deoomposition; deoay


birth, profertile,

i^u muniij bearing, giving


ducing;
cund,
er,

Jo natin
trefied,

stinking, evil-smelling, mal-

fruitful,
;

produetive;

fe-

odorous; rotten, putrid, putrescent, pudeoayed, deoomposed;


(eg.)

prolific

conclusive (evidence) ;

mak-

miser-

manufacturer, produoer; film producer

ly, closefisted, stingy,

niggardly

; ;

JZl*

munattan

putrefied ,

putrescent,

<>\jc.

najba nobility, nobleness, noble

rotten, decayed,

decomposed
tinking,
evil-smelling,

descent, exalted rank or Station, emi-

je*
decayed
jj natara

muntin

nence; excellence, superiority, perfection


_-j

malodorous; rotting, putrescent, putrid,


ba

najib pl. i^jf

nujub, Lei nuja*

1
,

t_jL*il

anjb of noble breed; high-

born, highbred, of noble descent, noble P


t

(nafr,

jlij

ntpjr) to scatter,

distinguished, aristocratic, patrician; excellent, superior,


i_^l<

disperse, strew, sprinkle (J* * s.th. over

outstanding

of on); to write in prose (* s.th.) II to


soatter,

disperse, strew

about
.

(*

s.th.)

najjb dromedary rider, Courier


choiee; selection

VI and VIII to be scattered about, be


strewn about, be dispersed; to scatter,
disperse; to fall
off, fall

h-pUi^il intijb

out

je

najaha a (najh, nujh,

A*

najh) to

turn out well, come off well, sueeeed; to j natr scattering, dispersal, dispersion;
progress well, develop satisfactorily; to

prose
sueeeed, have success (j in), be successtfj-j

na}ri
little,

prose,

prosaic,

in

prose

ful; to

pass (U*=*V'

J
(

the examination)
s.o.)

BmaU,

insignificant, trifling, petty;


|

II

and IV to give

success, let

ob jJ
jlij

sundries, miscellany

hj.i <JjjL*v.

(*, * s.o., s.th.) (*,

sueeeed, render successful

incidental expenses; petty exnenses

s.o., s.th.),

make

(* s.th.)

a Buooess
outsatis-

nufr Bcattered fragments; float-

*uc

nujh

favorable,

successful

ing particles (dust); tiny pieoe;


fetti

Kon-

come,

happy

ending;

success;

factory development, good progress

sj nafir scattered, dispersed


_rLj tanfur dispersion (e.g., of a

ma-

^Lf come,
factory

najh favorable, suocessful out-

happy
(of

ending;

success;

satis-

chine gun)

development,

good
j

progress

passing

an examination)

U-lf JJ

Li

nfir prose writer, prosaist

(laqiya) to

have success, be successful

j_jii*

mantr
about;

scattered,
prosaic,

dispersed,
walloheiri;

Bucceed, meet with suocess


-jf najih
rLf'l

strewn
flower,

prose;

sound, good (advice, opinion)

gillyflower

(Cheiranthus

injh success

bot.); see also

>L> hab*

ry-U njih successful; passing, having

j
L-jf

L=* mutand$ir scattered

passed (examination)

najuba u (ilf najba) to be of noble


-i*

najada u (najd)
support
( s.o.),

to

help,

aid,
s.o.

assist,
();

birth, be highborn, aristocratic, patrioian,

Btand hy

to

noble,

distinguished,

ezcellent,

high-

najida a (najad) to sweat, perspire

II

minded, generous, magnanimous IV do.


furnish (* s.th.); to upholster (* s.th.);
to give birth
ohild);
(

to a child), bear
( s.o.)
|

a
to

to beget, sire

Le*

^1
X
to

comb,

card,

tease

(jLiJl

al-qutna

cotton) III

he had ohildren by her VIII and


choose, select, pick out (* s.th.)

najada IV =1 najada; to

travel in the highland (of Arabia)

to
)

ask for help

( s.o.),
(

appeal for help


<-

ojf najb and <jt nujaba noble, high-

to

s.o.),

seek aid

or

from

s.o.);
s.o.)

to

minded, generous, magnanimous

take

liberties,

make bold J* with


(

944

Jjf-

najd

pl.

alf

nijd highland, up-

>Ni. min;ar
<tool)

pl. _^-L*

mandjir' plane

land,

tableland,

plateau j

the Arabian

highland, Nejd
tfiji

jy** nanjr pulley; sheave; water-

najdi

Nejd,

Nejdi,

n&tive

of

wheel; woodwork, paneling, wainsooting

Nejd
~*J*c

najda

pl.

najadt help, aid, aucoor,


;

najaza

(na;?)

to carry out, ezecute,

implement,
complete (*

realize,
a.th.);

aooomplish,

fulfill,

assistance,

aupport

emergency,
distress,

crisis,

najiza a (najaz) to
be
II

trouble,

diffloulty,

calamity;

be oarried out, be ezeouted, be imple-

courage, bravery, intrepidity, undauntedneas; pl. auxiliaries, reinforcementa


!I-uJI
|

mented, be

realized, be aooompliahed,

completed, be achieved

to carry out,

Uo*JI

help! help!

o*JI

^-J^

ezecute, implement, realize, effect(uate),

approz.: riot squad (Eg.)


aU* nij&i sword belt of
tall
|

accomplish

{*

s.th.);

to

fulfill,

grant,
III to

jUJI Jj^U

tall,

anawer

(*

a wish, and the

Like)

atature

fight, battle, Btruggle (


(pl.

against

s.o.)

IV to

jU
ob*

najjd upbolsterer;

oU)

carry out, ezecute,

implement,

realize,

kind of boy soout (Syr.)


nijda
upholsterer's
trade,

effect(uate), accomplish, complete,

con-

Bummate
upholstery
J*^j

(* s.th.); to

do

(*

work, a job);

to perform {* an aotion, an Operation);

to
tanjid

fulfill

( a promiae), discharge (* a
s.o.)

upholstering,

upholstery

work
Sji najatfa
i

duty); to finish {J* s.o.) the deathblow


fulfill

off,

deal (J*

to ask for the

ment
najz

(m of

a promiae)
jljf

(najd) to

importune

( s.o.)

j*
i-L* manjiiP moles (zooj.)

and

naji

ezecution,

implementation, realization, effectuation,


completion, conaummation, accomplish|

JU n5;i#
**-[>

pl. Ju-Iy

nawjig1 molar
to

^
(J

tfV

(atad)

show one's

ment, achievement, fulfillment, diaoharge

teeth, display a hostile, threatening at-

ju* tanjiz and


accomplishment,
tion,

Jljtfl

injz ezecution,

titude
i'afpfa)

toward

s.o.);

Vl^k

tj**

implementation, realization, effectuation,


achievement,

(n/irfaiAi)

to grit one'e teeth; ji>- J to have reached the age of

^U

compleful-

conaummation; Performance;

manhood; J*
bornly to
jjf najara
. . . ,

!>-"!

a** *

c ^n S stub. .

fillment, discharge

stick doggedly to

>-Lt

munjaza

and

Jj-Uj

tanjuz

{najr) to

hew, oarve, plane (*

fight, etruggle, contention, strife

wood)
_^- njiz oompleted;
j- najr heat,
jljf najjr pl.
fll, total,

whole,

hot time of the day


-fin

entire, complete,

conaummate
najsa)

carpenter, cahinetl

maker, joiner
jljf
*j\-

riC

najusa

u
to

(<*\j

and najisa a and


or

(najas)
dirty,

be impure, unolean, aoiled,


Btained,

nujr origin, descent, stock, root

sullied,

tainted

II

nujra wood Bhavings


nijra

IV to

soil, Bully,

dirty, pollute, contami-

nate, defile, stain, taint (* a.th.)


jljf

V to be

woodworking,

Gabinet-

become impure, unolean,

aoiled, sullied,

work, joinery, carpentry

polluted, oontaminated, defiled, stained.

tainted; to sully
defile o.b.

o.b.,

oontaminate

o.a.,

J*i|

anjaP,

f.

^U

najl' 2

large-eyed;
|

large, big,

wide (eye); gaping (wound)

- najaa and Ulf najsa impurity, uncleanness, uncleanliness, dirt,filth,Bqualor


-.

4J*L (fa'na)

a blow causing a gaping


or thrust

wound; heavy blow

najia

pl.

,^1*^

anjs

impure,

J>i* minjal pl. J*-L^

manjiP scythe,

unclean, defiled, polluted, contaminated,

aickle

soed, sullied, dirty,


-.

filthy,

squalid

<Ll> manjala vise

najia

and u-tj

najia incurable,

"J^l look up alphabetically


ji

fatal (diaeaae)

^r**^ tanjia Boiling, sullying, ment, oontamination, pollution


jilj:

defile-

najama u
in sight,

(^
rise

nujm) to appear, come


(star),

begin,

oommence,

set

in;

to result,

follow,

ensue, arise,

najoii,

nij&i

Negufl,

Emperor of

proceed, derive, originate, spring (je or

Ethiopia

j* from)
to

4j
to

(qarnuh) to begin

show

II

observe

the etars ;

to

** naja'a a {naj', fjji nxtj') to be UBeful,


beneficial,
effect II
(

salutary, have

a whoteaome

predict the future from the stara, practice


astrology; to

pay
star,

in installments

to

and IV do. VIII to take refuge


observe

the
atara

predict

the

future

with

b.o.) resort,

have recouree
like)*

to);

to seek (* rest, and the


{*

to seek

from the
j

pasture, rest, relaxation)

najm

pl.

fjf;

** naj'
vlage
**jf

pl.

fj-

nu j^

hamlet, small

partial

payment

nujm installment, Uyi nujman in

installments
jf

nufa search

for food
;

najm

pl.
;

*yi nujm,
star
;

j-\

anjum
;

celestial
_*: naji* useful, beneficial

body

lucky star

con-

wholesome,

healthful, salubrious, Balutary;


*-l> nji* useful, beneficial
;

blood

stellation, asterism; (coli.) herbs, herbage,

grass

._JJ

ji

J-

{$ danab) comet;

wholesome,

l^xJl j-^ji film stara,

movie atars

healthful, salubrious, salutary


<*jfi

najma
|

pl.

najamt star; aaterisk


'

*^, muntaja* refuge, retreat; recreation

(typ-)
<*j^Jl

Vci- **4

8tar -

mo

star;

center; health resort, rest center,

^ij marod an-n. a disease

afflict-

convalescent home, Sanatorium

ing horses
-**i

Ja* najaf

pl.

JU" nijf (sand) hl, dune;


levee;
i_i*Jl

najmt

atar-shaped,

stelliform,

dam,

dike,

an-najaf

An

starlike, stellate, stellular, stellar, astral;

Najaf (town
'* najafa
*:'

in central Iraq)
pl. -t

in

installments,

installment-

(in

Compounds)
chandelier, luster
<*~-

nujaima small
najjm

star, starlet

najala u
{

(najl)

to beget, sire, father

a son)

Aj
pl.
JIj^I

and

,*w munayjim

pl.

-n astrologer

Jf
JjjC

najl

anjl

offspring,
j*l*

descendant, scion, Bon; progeny, issue


najil pl.
J*i

manjam

pl.

,-

L.

manjim*

nujul a variety of
bot.);

source, origin; mine; pit

orchard grass (Daotylis;

herbage

*j^J tanjim astrology

s
(j*:)
\ji

946

naj u {najw,

*\j

naj', Sl*

na*

UL. munjh
conndential talk
spiritualism
|

secret

conversation;

jh) to save o.s., be saved,

be rescued,
(,y

^Ijjlfl lUli. spiritism,

make
^i';

for

safety, get
s.th.),

away

from),
|

escape (,y
\f

be delivered (^y from) (W(o-na/Ai) or **-j/

munajjin rescuer, savior, deliverer


i

rAji) to savo o.s. (j- from);


(oi-AaytfAi)

oL*

^J. nakaba

a {nahb,

<__*:

nahib)

and VIII

to

save

one's

life,

save

to sob, weep, cry, wail, lament

one's skin;

{najw, ^jfi- najxuan) to


(

^J- nahb weeping,


sighing,

crying,

sobbing,

entrust a seoret

to

s.o.)

II

and IV to
{

moaning,
period,
|

wail(ing),

lamentainter-

deliver, save, rescue, bring to safety


s.o.,

tion ; val;
fulfill

time,

term,

span,

j- from) III to whisper


entrust

(<_>

to s.o.

death

*-

B.th.),

(v

to

s.o. s.th. secret),

{S

qajd nahbah to

one's vow, redeem one's pledge ; to

take into one's confidence


( in s.o.)
|

{ s.o.),

confide

4-i

^U
o.s.,

pass away, die, expire


i

{najaah) to boIUo-

quize,

talk

to

say to

o.s.

VI to

r~* nahib

loud weeping, wail(ing),

whisper to eaoh other, carry on a whisper-

lamentation

ed

conversation,

converse

intimately,
secrets,

confidentially,

ezchange

ex-

c^- nahata

{naht) to

hew, dress

{ stone

ohange ideas VIII to whisper into each


other's ear (* s.th.)

or wood), plane, smooth, face; to oarve,

cut out,
to save o.s. (j>

hew

out, chiael, sculpture; to

from), eaoape
(j. Crom)

(^

s.th.); to

be delivered

form, coin {* s.th.)


C-4-

naht

wood

or

stone

dressing,

U
U

najan deliveranoe,

release,

rescue

woodwork, stone work; sculpturing, sculpture

najh escape, night; deliveranoe,

rescue; salvation, redemption; safety


jji
Ijji-

oU
oU

nahhi stonemason, stonecutter,

stone dresser; sculptor

najw ezorement

nuhta shavings, parings, ohips,

najwa

pl.

nij'
|

elevation,
*jif

splinters, sliverB

rising

ground, upland

^*

free

- -- minhat
chisel

pl.

c--U manhifl

from, far from, a long

way from
najw
conj*.

jjf

najw

pl.

^jU

fidential talk, Beeret conversation

nahara u {nhr) to cut the throat


of an animal), slaughter, butcher,

(*

kill

J- najiy pl. *jfl

anjiya seoret; oon-

(a

fidant, intimate friend,

boeom

friend

other,

^^a
from)

manjan

safety,

Becurity

(j-

in

an animal) VI to fight; to kill eaoh hack each other to pieces, engage internecine fighting VIII to commit

suieide;

to be scuttled (ship)
o.s.,

_^ol
sui-

ULi {Sanqan) to hang


;Ul.
place,

commit

manjh
haven,

pl.

^L. manjin safe


safeguard,
|

eide

by hanging
killing, laughter(ing),

refuge ;

pro<J6*

tection; rescue, salvation

j- U^*

j* nhr
ering
|

butchof

to be safe from, be seoure from, be safe-

j*Jl

fji

yaum

an-n.

Day

guarded against
LniJ
tanjiya
rescue,
salvation,

Immolation (on the lOth of


dej.

Zu'lhijja)

nhr

pl.

jjd nuhr upper

portion

liverance

of the ohest, throat

047

>
delioate,

j*

nihr

and j^- nihrtr

pl.

yjlrf

of fragile build; lean, gaunt,

na/rfrir1 skilled, adept, profioient, veraed,

enervated, debilitated, emaciated


tjui*

experienced
j-J-

in)

manhaf dieting

resort, weight*

nahlr and

jj*w

fflanJiflr

killed,

reducing resort
Jtjp^>
;

alaughtered, butahered

manhf

thin,

slim,

Blender,

^w

man-tar throat, neok

slight lean, gaunt, enervated, debilitated,

jL-ij! nltAr suicide;

outtling

emaciated

_^n. muntahir
\jj-

siiioide

(penon)

J* nahala u
|

a,

nahula u and nahila a

(J^

nuhvi) to be emaciated; to waste away,


nahlia nature, natural diaposition
i^J

lose

weight,
to

grow thin;

(*

nahala a

Sj**dl

fayyib an-n.

good-natured,

(nuhl)

make a donation, make a


to s.o.); to asoribe, attribute,

good-humored; >*dl fj" high-minded,


noble-minded, of generoua diaposition

present

impute (wrongly, unduly)


uns.th.)
(

to

s.o.

^- nahaaa a {naht) to make


happy, bring
( s.o.)

s.o.)

IV to make
to

thin, enervate,
(* s.th.)
o.a.,

emaciate
esp.
o.a.

bad luok;
i-U:

nakusa
and

s.o.);

weaken

V and
for

(<"j

nuhaa,

nahsa)

VIII to ascribe to
{*-J),

olaim

nahisa a (nahas) to be unJucky, ominous,


ill-fated,

assume
o.s.

unduly,

presume,

ar-

calamitoua, ill-boding, portend

rogate to
religion);

(* s.th.); to erobrace (*

evil II to cover, coat, or

aheathe with

to borrow, adopt, take over

copper, to copper (* s.th.)


^jS- naJis pl.

(* Foreign words); to take

up

(* s.th.)
|

a^U^I

J^ijl to profess Ialam;


s.o. 's

r*

J^Jl

^j*

nuhs

inisfortune,

(ismah) to assume

name; J*ol
be a Bed-

calamity, disaBter

i~;'_^Vl {a'rblya} to claim to

^-

nahs,

nah unlucky,

luckleas,
ill-

ouin; jl-u^l J*ot {a'ir) tothink


ousea,

up

ez-

ominous,

calamitoua,

diaastrous,

make

excuaes, use pretexts or sub-

fated, ill-starred, siniater, Ul-omened,

ill-

terfuges; Ulli

v*^

J**^'

(Safepiyata) to

boding
^L*; nahh ooppersmith
,j* \J-

pass

o.s.

off as b.o.,
s.o.

purport to be...,

impersonate

nuhs

copper

(tun.)

a small

J*

nahl

(coli.; n.

un.

bee

coin
_

j-L#l

^U

(a^/aH) brass

Utf nihla pl.

J*

nihal present, gift,

r*-Li* man&kis* ominous eventa


manhs
luckleas, Ul-fated, star-

donation

creed, faith, seot

i-*>w
orossed
Jrf

JU
J

nahhl

beekeeper,

apiarist,

api-

culturist

nahufa u

(L*:

nakf)

to

be

thin,

l* nihla beekeeping, apiculture

slim, Blender, thin,


lose

lean,

flkinny;

to beoome

i}j*

nuhvi leanness, skinninesa, thinslimness,

weight

IV

to

make

thin,

ness,

slenderness;

enervation,

weaken,

debilitate, enervate, emaciate

emaciation, wasting

away
J*- U

l* nahfa leanness, thinness,


derness,

slen-

J^

nahil

and

nhil
slim,

pl.

J*

slimness;

enervation,

emaoia-

nahld, J^i

nuhhal

thin,

Blender,

tion, wasting

away
pl.

lean, skinny ; enervated, emaciated,

gaunt

/
nuhaf'*

nahif
thin,

Jtl^

nihf,

U*
sllght;

Jw manhal pl. J--L. manhiP beehive;


apiary, apicultural Station

slim,

Blender,

J*
JU*l
intihl

948

undue aasumption,

ar-

**i

nahw

pl.

1^1

anh'

direotion;

rogation ; literary theft, plagiarism


Jrv:
-

side; section, part;

way, oourse, method,


foll.

manner, mode, fashion; (with


muntahil plagiarist

genit.)

oorresponding to, analogous to, similar


to, like,

Jsl.

muntahalz J*^i
alia8,

sumed name,
guerre
J.

^1 (m) aapseudonym, nom de

somewhat
|

like;

(gram.) gram-

nahama i (nahm,
gasp

*J-

nahim,

l)1<*

nahamn)

yi J* (nahwi) in the manner of, aa; L. j* Jp (nahwin) rather, pretty much; ^Jl U* J* in
mar; syntax
L.

to olear one's throat; to wheeze, pant,

this
j*^\\

manner,
li

this

way; in
forth,

this respect;

Jpj

and so

and so on;

*iLJl

ULJl j

at about the seventh

*U:
j*i

nuhm flamingo

hour, at about 7 o'olock, around seven;

nahmt we
nahnaha and
II

^y- j+
me, for
tanahnaha to
clear

as far as I

am
I

ooncerned, as for
one;

my

part,

for

|_>^

-^

(nahwan) approximately, roughly, about,


circa

one's throat, to
"i*^j.

hem, say "ahem"


little

(with

foll.

figure);

^jVl

1*1

nahnaha hem, hawk,

oough
one's
(,

(a. il-ara*)

all

over the earth; Ul Jf

d j

(Sjj**ll or) iU!l {'lam) all

over the world;

(y) U: nah a

u (nahw)

to

wond
to),

jJUil _>*Jl

(muqrin) comparativ gram*

way
to,

(<,

* to), go, walk,

move, turn

mar
**i

toward), take the road (*


|

go in

nahwa
to;

(prep.) in the direction of,

the direction (* of)


to follow
s.o.,

j* l* (nahwah)

toward,

accordmg

to,

in

analogy

follow s.o.'s example, be or s.th.; to imitate s.o.;

with, similar to, like, as, as for instance;

guided by

s.o.

approximately, roughly, about, around,


oiroa
fjt*-

to be of the
kind, on the
(_jUI
_j*i

same nature, of the same aame


to
line aa
. . . ,

be like

. .

Ui
u

walk toward the door;

nahwi syntactical; grammatical;


philologist
pl.

t_Ul

j*

U: to

show

s.o.

to the door

grammarian;
j*i*
l

II to

put aside, push away,

bmsh

aside

manhan

^L.

manhin aim,

{* s.th.); to
a.th.

remove, take away (j- *

goal, objeot,

end, purpose; manner of of conduct, behavior; di-

from) IV to turn away, avert (p-u j* bafarah 'an one's eye from); to against s.o.), assail, overcome turn
(Jp
(

acting,

modo

rection; (rhetorical, literary) form; field,

J*

s.o.

with); to heap
like),

s.o. s.o.

reproach, or the

J* upon shower (v Jp
(c->

domain, reakn, province, baiwick, sphere U-l ,y-L. m. l-hayh walks of life (fig.)
|

with); to turn, apply

o.s.,

attend

r \j nhin
phologist
<+-\j

pl.

l^

nuhh grammarian;

s.th.) (J* to

to step aside, go away,


fall

withdraw, move away,


from) ; to turn

back

(^

or j-

nhiya

pl.

r-\

nawhin side;
domain,

away

to forgo, renounce,

direction; viewpoint, standpoint, aspect;

waive (j*
surrender,

s.th.); to

abandon, give up,


(j*
a.th.);

region,
field;

area,

section ;

sphere,
(Ir.)

yield,

relinquish

distriot,

canton;

subdivision

to retreat, retire {* to
rest,

place); to lean,

of a
to

>L qo4\ roughly corresponding


county;
(e.g.,

support

o,s.

(J

on)
lean,

VIII to turn

ofF

side,

secluded part,

(*

to,
|

toward);

to

support

o.a.

corner

of a room); nhiyata in the


|

(J on)

v-U

j*\ to turn aside; j*\


(

direction of, toward, to

*--U ,>

with

UU

do., etep back,

withdraw, retire

regard

to, in respect to,

as to, aa for,

849

J*
jf-

concerning, regarding,
iSj*~\
(

on the part

of;

nakr

snorting,

snort ;

anorlng,

V-^ i> U^-T ) on the other hand; ij -Jl v-UI j. ('askariya) firom a j
military Standpoint; Jj'li i-*-U

Bnore; decay, rot, rottenness; tooth deoay,


oaries
Jt- nakir

^
^

de

and

j*-\j

nakir worm-eaten;

jure; oJllj i-*-U j. (wqi'iya) de facto;

^-IjJI

JL sound

rotting, deoaying

in

body;

,_^-l>Jl JJUs*

muta'addid an-n.
,^-ljJl in

many-sided;

j^

j* nakir snort(ing), snoring, snore;


grunt(a)
ji*L

every respect

f nakk
,_Jc

pl. j-t!

ankk mat; rg, carpet


aeJect, piok,

mankar, mankir, minkar

pl.

_^L.

manJfir* noatril; noee

nakaba u {nakb) and VIII to


choose
(* s.th.);

jUw
tril;
-^jf-

minkr

pl.

_^L.

rnandkir2 noa-

to choose,

make

one's

noae
s.th.
(*),

choice; to vote, go to the pos; to eleot


{.s.o.)
<_Jc a.o.'s

nakraba to eat holea into

eat

away

(* at); to hollow

out

(* s.th.)

nakb
health

aelection, choice;
|

a drink to
^>jjt-

*Jt <-jS (Sariba) to drinjc

nukrb

pl.

--jjlii

nakrib*

to a.o.'s health, toaat s.o.


~<J

hole; cavity, hollow; cell;

honeycomb

nukba
selected

pl.

<_Jt

nufco

aelected

jjc

nakaza a (nakz) to bore into or through


s.th. {*;

piece,

item,
elite,

aelected

passage

worm)
a u {naks) to
(*

the pick, cream,


-Liujl

flower
l

rJc nakasa

prick, goad, prod,

intikb

pl.

-t

election (pol.);

urge on, drive on


^Ije

an animal)
cattle

choice; eelection

nakks

drover;

dealer;

ijUcJl intikbi of or pertaining to

an

slave trader; white slaver


i-lii

election or electiona, election (u8ed attributively); elective; electoral


|

*jU*il "^j**

niksa cattle trade; alave trade;

(ma'raka) election campaign


t_--lj

white-slave traffic

nakib

and <_^i* muntakib

pl.

ri^.

minkas

pl.
,_

r>-Li mankis*

spur,

n elector
~^j^~-

(esp., pol.), voter,

conatituent

goad, prod (for driving cattle)

mankb

^U^L- minka
lean,

emaciated
se-

pl. cr-if-^-'

niankW spur,

goad, prod (for driving cattle)

<_^n* muntakab chosen, elected,


lected,
(pl. -t)

hand-picked; elected candidate;

nakS

pl.

^^ili1

nak$iP
fish)

gill,

team

(in Sports);

Li-;.,

selected
*jc

branchia (respiratory organ of

pieces, selected

items, selected pasaages

to clear one's throat, hawk, spit out,

najeara

(iiajcr,

jjc nakir) to snort;

expectorate
f\jc nuk', nik' pl.
je

to Bnore; to

gnaw
(j

(j

on

B.th.),

bore,

nuku* spinal

burrow,
eat

eat

into s.th.;

worin); to

marrow,

spinal

cord;

bone

marrow

away

(* at s.th.); to enervate, sap,


s.th.);

medulla; brain
c-Lic

ruin,

decay {*

nakira a (nakar)
to
Bpoil,

nuk'a phlegm, mueua, Sputum,

to be caten away, worm-eaten, rotten,

expectoration

decayed,

fll

of holea;

rot,

decay; to decompose, diaintegrate, crumble

J nakala u

(nakl) to aift, bolt, sieve out

(a s.th.); to strain (* s.th.)

V and VIII do.

J*
Jic

960

nakl

(coli.;

n. un.

I)

and

JJc

s.o. for

a job, for a taak); to send as a


to commission,

nakll palm; date


Jljc

palm
left
*Jil

representative or delegate, to delegate,

depute, deputize

( s.o.);
<->

nukla reaidue
|

in J*

a sieve;
Charge, entrust
{ s.o.,

with);

nadiba
heal

bran; waate, refuse


Jljc

Jj*i V Ja yusivi m'a u4nih% nukiatan

a (nadab) to soar over, IV

cioatrize,

=
* s.o.

nadiba VIII to appoint, assign


to

he isn't worth a bent nickel


(J

an

offloe), detail (J s.o. for

J^u

munfeaJ,

munkvl

pl. J*-li*

man

job, for a task); to commission, Charge,

kiP sieve
je

empower,
clear one's
s.th.,
(_j

authorize

(J

b.o.

to

do

TW^tnw a (najnm) and V to


throat,
*jX

with), order (J

s.o.

to

do

s.th.);

hawk,

spit out, expectorate

to entrust (J

to s.o. a task); (mit.) to


(J
*

detach, detail, transfer

s.o.
o.s.,

to);

nukma phlegm, muous, sputum,

(with

4 nafaah)
o.a.,

to apply

de-

expectoration
^Ijc

vote

dedicate

o.s.

(J to s.th.); to

& gudda nukmlya


body
(anat.)

bypophysia,

give (* a country) the

mandate ( J* over)
be
prepored,
o.s.

pituitary

to comply readily (J with an order or


Instruction),

be

willing,

(je)

lic

nak u

(iyfi

nakwa) to be proud,

stand ready (J to); to present


to
s.o.)

(Jl

haughty, supercilious (J# toward b.o.) II and IV to inflame, incite, excite,


Btimulate, arouse,

turn ( Jl toward, to)

awaken

t_j-ij

nadb weeping, wailing, lamenta-

{* s.th.)

tion; lament, dirge, elegy; assignment,

Sye
pride,

nakwa
dignity,

haughtiness,
sense
of

arrogance;

oommissioning,

delegation,

deputation;

honor,

self-

appointment, authorization, mandation


<

respect; high-mindedness, generosity


*_

nadab

pl.

t_jl-til

andb,

<~>j-

jj

nadda

(nadd, aJJ nadad,

il-ii

nidd,

ij-iS

nudb
oj

soar, cioatrioe

nttdd, jjOj nadid) to


slip

run away,

flee; to

nadba

pl.

i^ljjt

andb,

*-^jJ^

away; to

slip
II

out (exclamation) ; to
to expose, show up,

nudb
<t-iJ

scar, cicatrice;

scabby wound
for the dead;

escape (j*

s.o.)
(<->

compromise

s.o.);
(<--

to

oritieize

(*->

s.o.

nudba lamentation

or s.th.), find fault


oj

with)

elegy; dirge, funeral song


IiloJ

nadd high

hill;

nadd, nidd incense


andd equal,
(a)like,

naddba

pl.

-t

hired

female

(of aloeswood,

with ambergrifl, musk and

mourner
i^tiL.

frankincense)
-iJ

mandab
|

pl.

^jiL- mandib* wail,

nidd

pl.

iloJi

lamentation
(strait

<->xl\

t^b

Bab

el

Mandeb

same; an equal, a peer; partuer; antagonist, rival


OjOJ

between

SW

Arabia and Africa;

geogr.)
j-

nadid

pl.

*l

nw&ufti' 1

equal;

asJ i

intidb

deputation ,

appoint-

rival
Oj^iJ

ment; oommissioning, obarging, authorization ; iandid


pl. -t

detailing,

detaebment,

assign-

oritioism;

revile-

ment, abuse, disparagement, defamation


._j^j

ment, mission;
territory);

(pl. -t)

mandate (over a
|

mandatory rule mandatory


al-ini.

*_jla=i*ill

iJji

fuu2a&a
(

{nafft)

to mourn, lament,

daidat

al-ini.

power;

ci-

bewail

the
s.o.

deceased);

to

appoint,

oLil^VI

lajnat

Mandate Com-

assign (J

to an office), detail (J

mission (of the League of Nationa)

951

^o.
l

<jUl intidbl mandatory


{idra)
*jjLj

oL!

Jjljl

jiS

nadara u (nadr, jjJi nudr) to be rare;


to be
(Ijl-

mandatory administration
ndiba
pl.
-B,

uncommon, unusual;

nadura u
teil

*-ol>

naiwiiib"

hired female mourner


<~>jX-*

nadra) to be strnge, odd, queer, unusual, extraordinary V to make fun

mandub

bewailed,

bemoaned,
deputy,

raourned, lamented; regrettable, deplorable,

(v or J of); to joke, jest VI to other stories and jokes


j- nadr rare; strnge,
ij-ti

eaoh

lamentable;

(pl.

-n)

odd
ijjil

delegate, agent, functionary, commissioner; repreaentative ; representative of the

nadra,

nudra and
seldom
pl.
jjfcl

nudra
seldom
|

rarity, rareness; nadratan rarely,

preas,

correspondent,

reporter

(of

jjJI

rarely,

newspaper); plenipotentiary, authorized agent; (hl. Law) recommended


j

j\

andar

Ji+U\

insurance

agent ;

vj-^

andir2

(tun.)

U-

^4^

threshing floor

(kft) special

envoy;

High

Commissioner;

^U ^j-t- (smin) UI jy ^jX^

jXl andar* rarer


'*jX*

mandara

pl.

ambaasador extraordinary; j-i^i. *->jX^ (mufawwad) plenipotentiary, authorized


agent;
(dipl.)
/.>**

jjL. mandir* (tun.)

threshing floor; see also below

minister; SjLJI

jy ^jX_
(offlcial

oIjjL. mundart oauseries on amusing, witty topics

u"j**

anibassador

extraordinary

and
title

minister

plenipotentiary

jXj tanadduT amusement, fun-making,


joking

of ambassadors)

i-jjX-

mandbiya

delegation;

High

j^IjJ

tandur gay chat

Commission
jiU ndir rare; infrequent; strnge,

^jsu muntadab

deputized, delegated;

odd, unusual,

unaommon;
an

excellent, pre-

commissioned, charged; entrusted; appointed; assigned, detailed


(dauia)
|

cious, priceless ;

eocentrio,

a oronk, an
I

osu y_p

odd
jjUI

fellow;

IjjLj

ndiran rarely, seldom


Jlill
Ijjlj

mandatory power
a (nadk)
to extend, expand,

rarely,

seldom;

jjU unpar-

^ nadaha
**-4i

alleled, singular,

unique;

U>

fumJa)

enlarge (* s.th.)

specie,
j-ili

hard money
ndira
pl.

nadha, nudha wide, open Space;


|

jjly nawdir* rarity,


rare, un-

freedom (of action)


it
is'

a
^

**-

^ (nadhata)

rare thing, rare

phenomenon;

indispensable,
je.

unavoidable, inevi(ajidu, nadhatan)

oommon word

phenomenon, prodigy,

table;

^oj J

^-1
. .

extraordinary peraon; funny, droll Btory,


aneedote, joke; aeeident, ineident

I feel compelled to

*~jX* mandha

pl.

^jL, mandik 2 and


free-

"Q

.uu muntadah alternative, ohoice;

j-^ mandara (for \Jiu esp. eg.) pl, jjL. mandir* reeeption parlor for male
t

dom

of action
|

je

<J

t^jX* ^ (manabsolutely
for

visitora;

jiL,

(= ^Jlf)

parties

dhata)

it

is

indispensable,

necessary,

mandatory,
or)

imperative
it

him; (^a^*
you,
it is

i^jX- c* JJ

is

up to
i

^-U nodosa u to throw down, bring to the ground ( s.o.); to revile, defame, diaoredit
( s.o.)

optional for you; j* **-jX* j

(lam yara mandhatan) to feel obligated,


feel

J4J nadafa

(nadf) to tease,

comb, or card

compelled to

ootton

o^
JiX
(of cotton)
|

952

nadf teasing, combing, oarding


Ji-tJI

*Xj

ianaddum

remorse,

repentanoe,

jUr
jAi

)'<*'

<">-

"i
a> ndim
pl.

oarding machine Ai

repenting, fi nuddfim

nud/a
|

pl.

nuda/ flock
n. af-lalj

(of

repentant, rueful, remorseful, regretful

wool); flake
flake

gliil

snow-

iL.

mundim

drinking

companion,

boon companion, intimate


.XI*

JuJi nadi/ and jjJi. mandif carded,


teased (cotton)

mutanaddim repenting, repent-

ant, rueful, remorseful, regretful

J>U
teaser

nadd/

cotton

carder,

cotton

.X nadaha a (nadh) to drive, urge, spur on


( s.o.);

to drive

away

( s.o.)

J>x^ mindo/

pl.

jib. mandi/'

teasing

bow
U-li

(for

carding cotton)

(j)
snatch

vad u (nadw) to

call

(. s.o.);

to

invite; to call together, convoke, convene,

adalo

(tuxfl)

to

away

summon

s.th.)

( a meeting); to get together, & meet, convene, assemble, gather;

nadiya a (j nadan,

SjU nadwa,

ij-xi

lx- mindla rammer

nudwa) to be moist, damp, dewy, wet j>J.I J j^j >lSi an embarrassing or


|

JjU ndif

pl.

nuduj waiter; servant

shocking thing, a disgraceful thing


moisten, wet, bedew (>
s.th.) III to

II

to

who

waits on table
J-ull

shout,
or

"Jx> mandal:

dar& al-m.

(eg.)

call out,
s.o.

cry out, exclaim; to


s.o.,

call (ij

a magic practice in which a fortuneteller, or a medium, prophesies while oontemplating a mirror-like surface
Jj-l* look
*-U

or for

also J); to call for s.th. (v), invite to s.th. (v)i proclaim, announce {^ s.th.); to ein-

also J), summon (. s.o., to call out, shout (. to s.o.); to

up alphabetically
*.lxi

phasize

(v

s.th.);

to announce, act as
to cry one's wares,

announcer

(radio);

nadima a (nadam,
repont

nadma) to

hawk
IV

(>

of),

nie,

regret

(>
s.o.)

s.th.)

III to drink, carouse (

with

be sold) | L*j u (J s.th. to (ndiya) to be proolaimed President

&y

II;

to be noble, generous, magnani-

VI to drink together, carouse together


*ij

nadam,

ilAi

nadma remorse,

re-

mous V to be moistened, be bedewed; to show o.s. generous, liberal, openhanded


and VIII to get together, meet, convene, gather, assemble, form a club
VI
ijX>

pentance, regret
jfX

nadim

pl.

.Uli

midam'',
friend,

(U
in-

nidm drinking companion;


timate, confidant

nadwa

counoil;
|

debating group,
jIj city hall,

study group; club


pl.

SjjJI

OLoJ
penting,
regretful
(x*

nadmn*

i/lxi

nadma

re-

town

hall; parliament,

house of represent-

repentant,

rueful,

remorseful,

atives,

Chamber of deputieB
jl-

jX nudwa and
remorse, repentance, reness, moisture,

nadwa moiBt-

mandam

dampness
.Ul and',
SjAll

gret
i.jL.

j
vumdama
drinking companion-

nadan

pl.

andiya

moistness, moisture, dampness, wetness;

ship, intimate friendship

dew; generosity,

liberality,

magnanimity

953

Vj
s.o.
a.th.),
s.o. of),
|

Jj

nadin
|

and bJJ
,^-

na^yn*

moist,

give notice or warning


notify in advance

(<_>

damp
liberal,

.J^JI

n. al-kaff generous,

to
of)

{ s.o.,

openhanded
deli-

<1>*

*J*;

j^

(bi-taslim%

man*

ijjj

nadiy moist, damp; tender,

zilihl)

he gave him notice to vacate the

cate
eral,

jSS\ fj

n. al-kaff generous, lib-

premises
jii

openhanded
nida
pl. -t

nadr

pl.

jjii

nudr, oljjii nu*

*\Xi

ahout; call; exclama-

drt vow, solemn pledge; votive offering, ex-voto

tion;

Bummons; public announcement;


Jlii-Vl
1-^

proclamation, appeal; address; vooative


(gram.)
distress
|

j
to

nadir
;

pl.

ji

nwfur consecrated
;

call

for

help,

God vowed, solemnly pledged warnwarn-

signal;

IxJI

*J>j~
l-G

r/ an-n.

er; herald, harbinger, forerunner;

interjeotion (gram.); J

j-u*l (apdara)

ing; alarm

J*^\ j.& n.

al-{cafar air-

to issue a proclamation to

raid warning
jlji

liL.

munddh

oalling, Bhouting; call;

indr pl.

-t

warning; announce-

vocative; publio notice, announcement;

ment, notice; admonition; air-raid warning,

proclamation
sale, auction

lilil ^ bai' al-m. public

alarm

*tJf

^'j^ fj*M
warning;

j'-^'

(bi'Wuq* grt jaunviya) or jl^-'i jliil


pl.
Ij-l

j ndin
din club;

andiya,

*\ji

naw*
|

*i_t4-'

(li-l-aJffr)

air-raid

jlAil

circle; association;
(riytfl) athletic

ckibhouse

(jlfJ (nih'i)

Ultimatum;

j'-^Vl ijU-

j^Lj iU

club; ^jUI jIj

faffrat al'i.

warning siren

olubhouse

jjbj landur Syndrome (med.)


wet,

jXj munaddan
dewy; refresbing
iL*
orier;

damp; bedewed,

jjU

n&ftr

one

who has made a

vow
caller ;

mundtn
auctioneer;

herald ;

to wn

jjJL*

manr solemnly pledged, vow-

announcer (radio)

ed, conseorated to
j.L.
SjJL.

God

(jjL*

muTidan noun in the vocative

mundir wamer, oautioner

(yram.)

Ljl*

mwndiya

mun^tra alarm signal; warning


against)

pl.

-* disgraceful, evil

sign

(i_j

deed; insult, abuse, affront


(jJTj

muntadan

pl.

ol^

munta*

Jj

nadula

(Uli!

nadla, <Jji

nudZa)

dayt gathering place, assembly room;


olub
jjj

to be low, base, mean, vile, despicable,

debased, depraved
(nadr, jjXj nudr) to dedicate,
(i

nadara u

Ji
low,

nadl
base,

pl.

Jlijl

anAiJ,

Jjj

nudl
de-

consecrate

* s.th. to God); to vow,


jl
f

mean,

vile,

despicable,

make
that
. .

a
. ,

vow
I
jJJ

Oi

Oji I vow to God

based, depraved; coward


Jj-

swear
to

by

God

that

nadtZ

pl.

Vi! nudal'*, JlJJ nt^i

* <~J

Jp

vow
. . . ;

to o.s. ,

make the
guard

low, base, mean, vile, despicable, debased,

solemn pledge to

nadira a (nadar)
on
one's

depraved; coward
ill-Li

to have been warned, be


(<-

Tiadla depravity

against) IV to

warn (^

s.o.

of or
p^-jj-'

against), caution

{<_>

s.o.

againat), ad(<-

narbij pl.

jIj-*

narbxj 2 mouthpiece

monish

{*

s.o.);

to announce

to

of a narghile

vv
i/uj
narbtf pl.

954

^}j

narbtf* mouthpieoe

r-j'J

nazh

and

nazih

far -off,

of a narghile

faraway, distant, remote

rr j

narjis, nirjis narciBsua {bot,)

-jU
remote
;

nzih

far- off,

faraway, distant,

going away from bome, moving

ij nard backgammon,

tricktrack

to otber lands, leaving for distant ahores,

j>ij nardtn nard, spikenard


ijtj narfaza nervousneas

emigrating; emigrant; one

who sooops

out, bails out or emptieB, a latrine cleaner

jijU munarfai (pal.-syr.) nervous

yj

nazr and
trivial,

Jr

nazir
trifle,

littie; insignificant,

petty;

small amount, insig|

j
rjj

naranj bitter orange


nurj, narj
fi.jJ

nificant
vlj^i-l

number, negligible portion

tactturn,

Norway
tiny

of few words; JJi

yj yj

amount
i

""? Norway
Norwegian

</r.jj nurwiji

fj

naza'a
s.th.); to

(naz')

to pull out, extract (*


strike,

remove, take, take away,

nazza

{naxx, >_>* naztz) to seep, trickle,

cross off (je- * s.th. from); to take off,

ooze, or leak, througb ; to vibrate (string)

Bbed

{*

garment);

to strip, divest,

nazz, nizz, lj\j nuzxa pl.

jjj nutz

deprive, rob (* j* or
wrest, take
posseasion,

je- s.o.

of

s.th.); to
s.o.

away
right,

(*

j- from

s.th.,

seepage, leakage water

Imputation,

etc.);

to

nazz ewift,

nimble,

agile,

Uvely,

remove
dismiss,

( s.o.

from a

poaition), depose,

Bprightly;

changeable,

inconetant,

un-

fire,

cashier,

demote, reduce in

eteady, fickle

rank
nizza

a.o.);
(<->

to adduce as proof or in
a.tb.);
(intr.)

\j
lust

nazza,

(sensuoua)

passion,

refutation

to

move,

proceed, go, betake


to emigrate (Jl to);

o.a.,

repair (Ji to);

j.j nozfz unsteady, inconstant, unstable; sensuoua, pasaionate

(fjj nuz') to

desire (Jl s.th.), wish, long, yearn, pine


(Jl

for); to

incline,

tend, have an in-

>' nazaha a
far off,

(nazh,

rj>*

nvzh) to be
s.th.),

olination or a tendency (Jl to); to take

be distant; to leave (j-

on, take over, adopt (Jl s.th.), resort (Jl


to; e.g., to a method); to absent o.a.,

depart, emigrate (j* from); to immigrat


(Jl to);

to wander, migrate, rove, roam,

depart
refrain

j* from)

to

desist,

abstain,
(je-

rnge
paes.

O
*j

to

marcb

off, pull

out (troops)

(j* from), keep clear

of),

rj

nuziha bihi to emigrate,

give up, avoid, esohew


in the throes of

(je- s.th.);
|

to be

away from home, live abroad; and IV to scoop out, bail out, empty (* s.th.); to drain, dry out (* a
be
(nazh)
well,

death

Jl fj\j

o
,

fj
dis-

(nzi'un)

he

feit

a desire for
. . .

...

covered his inclination to


take

II

to remove,

a ditch, a

latrine,

and the

like)

away

(* s.th.) III to fight, Btruggle,


(

VIII to emigrate
~>'

contend, dispute
out,

with

s.o.),

combat

nazh

soooping

empty ing;

(* s.th.); to conteat, challenge (j s.th.);

draining, drainage
->'

to attempt to wrest {*
conteat (*

from

s.o. s.th.),

a.o.'s right

to s.th.); to be

nazah

pl.

r\j\

anzh

muddy

in the throes of

death VI to contend with


for B.th.), conteat
to),

water

one another; to rival (*


nttzh emigration

~jj

each other's right

(*

carry

on a

055

^>?
<*>
n&ti'a
pl.
f'jljj

dispute, be at varianoe (* over) VIII to


pull out, extract, pluck out, tear out (*
s.th.

nawzi' 1 tend-

ency, inclination, leaning


9j*j*

j* from) to Bnatch, wTeat (* j- from


;

s.o. a.th.),

tear away, pull off (j- * a.th.

manz' removed, taken away

from); to take, draw, borrow (* a.th.); to

(minfaqa) demilitarized

be removed, be taken away

zone
fjL* mundzi* Btruggling with death,
being in the throea of death ; contending,
fighting,
|

9j naz removal;
death struggle,

withdrawal, climioffi.ce;

nation; depoeition, removal from

agony of death

fj
yiy

militant,

litigious,

renitent

^ ^Jl
^^Jl

disarming,
9jj

diaarmament
n. aas.

j 9jb*

j* ^-J no one will deny that

...

mu'tamar

diaarmament

*_L fjli* munza* 'alaihi contested,


disputed, debatable
9 jbu mutanzi' conflicting, clashing

Conference; <Sli\ propriation

fj

n. ai-milldya ex-

*>* nat'a pl. naza't inclination,

tend-

ency, leaning; attitude, position, stand


fj'J nut' Btriving, endeavor, longing,

J* fjUi* (mutanza') and <j

fjbu

contested, disputed, debatable; litigated

matter, matter in controversy, case at


isaue

wish, deaire (Jl for)

f\j

nazzS

tending,

having

an

in-

fjcj.

mwUaza' taken, drawn


*>'

(j- from)
in-

clination (Jl to), leaning (Jl toward)

mj
9J^

naxV

pl.

5-ljr"

nuzz* stranger
f-jL*

9y

nazQ and

naxQa
|

pl.

naza^df

citement to evil

olLjUi

manza*

pl.

manzi'

fj

n.

ai-

intent,

Saifn inainuationa of the devil, aatanio


Inspiration
_!>

intention, purpose; aim, end, objective,

goal; way, method; manner, behavior

fjU minza' arrow


f\j
gle,

nazafa

(nazf) to drain, exhaust,

empty

(* s.th.); to

dry up

(*

a well); to draw

nuS

fight,

struggle, Btrife, con-

off (* blood); to

be drained, exhauated,
J>* ntaifa

test, controversy; dispute;

death strug-

apent; paaa.
lose

to
(*

damuh to

agony of death

fl>"

(bi-ld) in-

much

blood, bleed (to death) IV to

diaputably,
ibly,

incontestibly,

incontrovertfl>' 9\'J

drain,

empty
to

a well); to be exhauated
draw, extract (j* *
B.th.

indubitably, undeniably;

*A*

to drain

off,

disputed, contested, debatable;

V
un-

from) ;

exhaust,

consume, use up,


a.th.)

(niza'a) undisputed, uncontested,

swallow up, devour (*

questioned

J>j nazf exhaustion,


itjL.
strife,

draining,
|

empty

munm'a

pl. -t fight, struggle,

ing; hemorrhage; losa of blood


lij-oJl

contention, controversy, quarrel,

Jj*JI

(damawi) hemophilia {med.)


nuzfa small
quantity,

dissension, discord; dispute;

matter in
*ij
(of

controversy, case at iseue (before a oourt

modicum

of justice)

a liquid)

fjUJ

tanzu"

fight,

struggle,
|

strife,

>Ju>* nazif

weakened by

loss of blood;

contention,

controversy

UJI

fjU

(.

bleeding, effusion of blood; hemorrhage,

al-baq' struggle for existenoe

hemorrhea {med.)
J>js-*

9 jyl mtixtf removal, withdrawal, elim1

manxf exhausted through

losa

ination; dispoasesaion, expropriation

of blood

^y
ij tuaaqa
jj>'
i

956
out (J to do

(nazq)

and naziqa a (nazaq,

(J upon

s.th.), set

s.th.),

nvzg) to Btorm ahead, rush for-

tackle, attaok (J s.th.),


fl.th.);

pounce (J on

word; to be hasty, rash, precipitate, impetuous, lightheaded, frivolous, recklees,

(with ij:) to take, bring, lead,

etc., s.o. or s.th.

down

(Jl to);

nazila
|

ruthless II to spar on, urge

on

(<

a horse)

Jl tij a <y>' nazla) to have a cold ji\ (barr) to disembark, go ashore, land;

jijj.1

Jl

J>'

(maidn)
J>'

to

teke

the
to

j nazaq

haste; rashneas, precipitatefield;

k!j~*

jjJ
one's

{maniatikx)

ness, impetuosity; lightheadedneas, recklessness, thoughtlessness, frivolity

sink

below

level;

J*

LL*i

oj

(ipiijan) to avail o.s.

of

s.o.'s hospitality,

ij

naziq hasty; rash, precipitate, im-

stay as a guest with

b.o.;

**-

petuous; thoughtless, heedless, oareless,


inattentive, lightheaded, frivolous, fiighty,
superficial

(AuifcmiM) to defer, give in, yield,

J* JjBubmit

to

s.o.

to

comply with the Standard of do


4^ij bidding;

s.th.; jiljl Jj> J>' (irdatihi) to defer to


s.o.'s

will,

s.o.'s

x*

J>'

il>'

nazalca
il>;

(natlc)

to stab, pieroe
iljLJ

(. s.o.)

(iU

or)

(ragbatihi,
fulfdl,

falabihl)

to

naizat

pl.

nayzil^

short

comply with, or

B.o.'s

wish or

lance; shooting Star, meteor

demand;
a plaoe or
dismount,

V.

iij

(manzan) to ocoupy

position, get to a plaoe or into


<i's*

Jj.'

nazala

(Jj>'

nuzil)

to

a position; jl^ll
to occupy
one's
/.)

J>'

{mamah)
Jjr-

go down, come down, move down, get down, Step down, climb down; to get off (,>, e.g., a train), get
alight; to descend,

duo place;

J>"

o
of,

(manzOata

to hold tho position

serve as II to cause to
( s.o.)

come down;

to

out, Step out

j,, e.g., of a car), debark,


vessel);

make

descend, dismount, or Step


let

disembark (,> from a

to put

down; to lower,

down

( s.th., e.g.,

down, lond (airplaue); to fall (rain); to deBoend from heaven, be revealed (esp.,
the Koran); to
fall,

bcket, a curtain, etc); to Bend

down

sink, sag

(prioeB),

to a prophet), reveal (J* * a revelation ( B.th.); to take down, put down (


B.th.)
;

drop (water
let

level);

to Bubside,

abate,

to lower, decrease, diminish, lessen,


B.th.);

up, decrease; to stop, or halt, for a


to

nunimize, ourtail, reduoe (* or ja


to dip,
(a
tilt

rest,

camp; to
live

stop, stop over, put

s.th.);

to lower, strike

up, take up quarters, take lodgings, lodge,

flag);
b.o.

to relieve, divest, discharge


of),

room, stay to

J or

v at b.o.'s home,
(sports)

also xs.), live, dwell ( in a plaoe), inhabit


(a

(j*

depose, dethrone

(j*

a place); to Btep into the arena, take


field,

^i^l
take
B.o.)
;

s.o.);

to unload ( s.th.); to grant


(

hospitality
in,

to

s.o.),

receive hospitably,
(

the

meet an opposing team

put up, lodge, accommodate

to give in, yield (J. e.g., to b.o.'s pleas); to give up, renounce, resign (J tf- B.th.
in s.o.'s favor), oede, waive, relinquish,

to deduot, subtraot ( j- * s.th. from)


(

to insert, inlay

* s.th. in, e.g., ivory in


s.th.)

abandon
descend,

(&

s.th.);

to resign (j from);

wood); (Tun.) to cede (


basis

on the
(dw
in

to refrain (j from), forgo (j s.th.); to

of

inzl

(q.v.)

x-j> J>"

come

(.j

upon

s.o.; miflfortune,

rajatah) to

demote

s.o.,

rednoe

s.o.

punishment,
(.j
B.o.;

eto.),

befall,

hit,

afflict

rank

III

to get into a fight, join issue,

miflfortune),

happen, occur (v

olash (. with s.o.) IV to bring

down, take

to s.o.); to fall (J
assail, assault

upon

s.o.),

attack,

down;
or step

to cause to descend, dismount,

(J

s.o.);

to enter,

embark

down;

to send down, reveal (J

957

s.th. to s.o.;

of God); to bestow, grant,

J>'

nazl

pl.

Jj>*

nuzl,

J>'

nuxul
(pl.

give (* s.th.; of God); to


alight, stop, halt,

make

( s.o.)

quarters,

Iodging;

hotel,

inn;

oamp, put up, take up

Jj>" nuzl) small tribal Unit (of Bedouins)

quarters, live, stay, abide (* in a place);

camp, oamp

site (of
Jl_)'l

nomads, gypsies)
anzl food served to

to unload (* s.th.); to take ashore (Jl


jJI

Ud

J>" nuzZ pl.

l-barr

s.th.

from

a vessel); to

a guest
<f>'

land, put ashore, disembark, debark (*


troops); to lower, strike (* a flag); to

naxla putting up, stopping, Btop,


^J-l
|

abse,

degrade ;

to

lower,
*
t~

decrease,
price,

stay, arrival
festival

>" n. al-Kajj

(eg.)

diminish, reduoe (Jl


etc., to); to
flict

number,
to

of the return of the


in the

mahmal

cause

(*

s.o. loss), in*

from Meooa (oelebrated


Safar or Rabia I)
il>*

months of

(*

i-*

upon
(J*

s.o.

loss); to

oompel,
L.

force, ooerce

* s.o.

to)

lLL j*
no

(stfn)
i.e.)

(lit.:

v Zi\ JjM God has given


|

nazla U>'

pl.

nazalt oold; oatarrh

it

<~Ai

(Su'abiya)

bronchial oatarrh;

power,

futile,

vain,

fruitleas,

Jjj-U* *}j (fadriya) bronchitis; Siilj ij>*

unavailing,

unfounded,

absurd,

pre-

influenza (med.)
ill>'

posterouB, completely arbitrary,

random
nizla settlement, oolony
i)jj

jJl
fi^s-

Jl J>'l (bahr) to

launch

(* a ship);

\ij-J

fjj\

(duyfan) they took


<i

nuxl desconding, desoent;

dis-

them

in as gueats; i*-iU lj\-*-

J>'l

mounting, alighting; getting off or out


(of

(fpiartitan fddihaian) to infliot

a heavy

&

vehiole), disembarkation, debarka-

loss
f.)

on

s.o.;

o*5

*JjU <f>1

(manzilata

tion; landing (of an airplane); arrival;

he had him oooupy the same position gave him the same Status
in
as,

putting

up,

stopping,

stop,

stopover,

as,

made
o.s. t

stay; cession, surrender, relinquishment,


renunciation,
resignation;
falling,
fall,

him equal

rank with V to lower

stoop, oondescend (Jl to s.th.); to abse


o.a.,

drop; sinking; deoline in prioes, prioe

humble

o.a.,

demean

o.a.,

eat crow;

slump

Jp Vj j acoording

to, in aooord-

to give up, renounce, resign, waive, forgo


(jp s.th.), refrain (jp from) VI to give

ance with, in deference to; jpj x* Vj>*


(ragbatihi) in

compliance with bis wish,

up, renounce, resign, waive, forgo (J je


s.th.

in deferenoe to hi wish, at bis request;

in

favor

of),

refrain

(je

<&

from),

Vj>"

(falabihi)

in

complianoe

yield,

surrender,

abandon,

with bis demand, in aooordanoe with bis


relinquish

request;
(je s.th.); to cede (J jp s.th. to); to
leave, assign, transfer,
s.th. to); to

JA\ Jj>'

n. al-mafar rainfall

make over

(J je

djj
and

nuzli relative to deoline (in prioes


recesaive,
pl.
.

lower

o.a.,

stoop, condescend;

stooks),

falling,

sinking

to deign; to dismount, or line up, for


battle
|

Jj>*

nazil

V>'

nuzoid'"

guest

.ji^JI

jp

(J#

or) JjLj fori)


i.-,v'-

stranger;

lodger,

boarder; inmate; oo-

to abdicate in favor of;

je Jjbj
resign

cupant, tenant

(manpib) to lay

down an
{ s.o.)

office,

from

offlce

to ask

to step

down;

place,
flat;

J^U rtumz pl. JjU. manzit* stopping way Station, oamp site; apartment,
house; lunar phaae; see also under
I
|

to call down, invoke (* s.th.); to


(

make
to

b.o.)

desoend; to

call

upon

s.o. ()

verb
--aUIj

4-1,^-VI

J>- resthouse; JjL-

waive or forgo (je


beleaguered)
to

s.th.); to force (

the

_^JJl

m. al-lahw wa-l-la'b amuse-

surrender;

to

deduct,

ment

centers; JjUl Jl ahl al-m. house-

subtraot (j- * s.th. from)

hold, family; S'jW i^^-U landlord

Jj
J>- manzi domeatio, house
private; bouaehold (adj.),
I

058

(adj.);

JjjU manzi
Jjjli

(eg.)

a kind of narcotio
{eg.)

mamli

narcotios addiot,

jL.

manzila

degree,

grade,

rank

dope addict
J jU munazzal inlaid (with ivory or a
precious metal)

Position,
also

Status, atanduig; dignity; see


I

nnder verb
tamil

and IT
down, bringing

Jjjo

Bending

down;

revelation, Inspiration; reduotion,

J j* munzal sent down (from heaven),


revealed JjLz* mutanz abdioating, reaigning;

diminution, lowering, lessening, decrease;

(pl.

-t)

reduction

(of prices);

aub-

traotion {arithm.}; deduction, discount;


inlaying, inlay

one

who

waives, cedes or aaaigna a rigbt,

work

*JJ\ Jjj

t.

ar-

assignor

rutba

or ttJ.1 JiJ t. al-maqm demotion, reduction in rank; j.L Jj>J


(naqdl) currency devaluation

J je muatanzil lessee on the basis of


inzl (Tun.; see above)

Jly nizl and

SJjb-.

munzakt

lining

rj'

naxnaza to rook, dandle

(a

baby)

up

for battle; encounter, battle, figbt


inzl

>'

nazuha u

(**!>'

nazha) to be far (j*

Jlyl
landing,

bringing down, lowering;

from), be untouched, unbleinished (j*


by), be free
(

debarkation,
of

disembarkation
(pl.
-t)

(j*

from); to Bteer olear


esp.,

ejaculation

sperm;

lease

of),

keep away, refrain ( jp from,

contract for

life

over a haboua estate


(bafyr)

from a base or disbonorable action);

(Tun.)
(of

_^JI Jl Jl>'l

launching

naziha a to be respectable, honorable,

a ship);

J*J

Jl

Jl>*l

('amal) com-

decent

II

to

missioning (of a ship)

above
;

s.th.

(j*)
s.th.

deem V

or deolare

s.o.)

nazuha; to be

JjLJ tanzul condescension


relenting;

yielding,

(far)

above

(j*); to

go for a walk,
about; to

relinquishment,

surrender,
asaign<

take a walk, promenade,

troll

waiver,

renunoiation ;

transfer,

go out; to amuse

o.a.,

enjoy

o.a.,

have a

ment, cession; resignation, abdioation


lining

good tne
%'J

up
|

for

battle;

struggle,
at-t.

fight,

nazih and

*tj'

narih

pl. U>*

nu-

battle

Jjhsil f-U

'adam

relentlesa

zah**, !>' nizh pure, cbaate, blameleas,

nesa, intransigenoe ; JjLl

aIp *aqd at-t

above reproach, of unblemished record,


decent, honorable, respectable; honest,
uprigbt, righteous; aorupulous, correot;

deed of cession
Jl jo-l istinzi deduction, discount

impaxtial

JjU
ijjlj

nzil living, resident


>'

nazdh and

il>'
;

nazha purity,
uprightnesa,

nzila

pl.

Jjl> nawziP ocourcalam-

blameleasness,

honesty

rence, event;
ity, reverse,

mishap, accident,

righteouaneas, probity, integrity, reapectability; impartiality

blow of
action

fate; {tun.) (judicial)


j

case,

legal

*Jx*

*Jjl

(modo*
l*.j
stroll,

niya; tun.)

civil action; iJj jljjl (tun.)

nuzha

pl.

_>'

nuzah,

-t

walk,

reoords of a
an-n.
(tun.)

lawsuit;
diviaion

JjljJI

^-*

qiam

promenade; pleasure
pleasure
trip;

ride; outing,

for

contentious
pl*

ezeursion,

recreation;
divereion,

mattere (of a court of justice); Jjbj


(tun.) to take legal action,

amuaement,

entertainment,

oommenoe a

fun ; excursion spot, pienio ground, Sightseeing spot, tourist attraetion

lawsuit

ijU manzaha

pl.

JL* manzih* reo-

*U-J

KuCa

oredit, delay of

payment;

reation gTound; park; garden


<'j*

Mari' atan

on credit

tanzih

elimination
frorn

of

anthrocon-

LA. minsa'a stjok, staff

pomorphio
ception
(tKeol.)

elements

the

of deity,

deanthropomorphiam

tJ nataba u

(najoi, ;_i nitba) to relate,

refer (Jl s.th. to), link, oorrelate, bring

into relation (Jl > s.th. with); to traoe

ju tanazzvJt

pl. -t

walk,

Btroll,

prom-

(Jl s.th.
s.o.'s

to

s.o.

as the originator, Jl

enade
>'j.*

ancestry to); to ascribe, attribute,


Jl

munazzah

infalh'ble; free (j,* from),

impute, lay (J or

> s.th.

to

s.o.),

(far)

above

s.th. (j*)
pl. -fin

Charge (J or Jl * with
(

s.th. e.o.),

accu
cortally

J or

Jl * of s.th. s.o.) III to

Btand in the
to

sz* mutanazzih

walker, stroller,

same

relationship
(,
.

to

s.o.);

promenader; excursionist
*jtj,

respond
walk,
(

to

s.o.,

to

s.th.),
.

mutanazzah
park
pl.

promenade,

with
(,

s.th.); to suit, fit (*,


,

b.o., s.th.),

stroll;

go
-<S1

with), beoome,

befit,

behoove

( s.o.);

j^* muntazah
Btroll; recreation

to harmonize, agree, be in keep-

promenade, walk,

ing,

be oompatible, oonsistent ( with);


.

ground; park

to be sinlar (*,

to s.o., to s.th.), res.th.),

(j>)

naz u (j>' nazw, nvzw, c\yj nazawn) to spring, jump, leap, bound;
'>'

semble

(,

s.o.,

be like

s.o.

or

s.th. (*, .); to

be in agreement, in oon-

Jl

(lj>'

ruaawn) to escape
l>'

(j,* s.th.)

formity, in aooordanoe, to tally, cheok


|

iJi

ti

(qamk) to long, yearn

( with), be

oonformable ( to); to be of
(.

for

to spring, jump, leap, bound; to

the same family


related

as),
(.

be or become
to)

be in a State of great commotlon, be


violently
(breast)
olj_>'

by marriage

VI to

be

agitated;

to

heave,

tremble

related to one another, be relatives; to be


alike,

be akin, be mutually correeponding,

be

interrelated,

be

in

agreement

or

nazawn

sally,

sortie; outburst,

confornty, be in the right proportion,

outbreak, eruption

be proportionate, go
together;
to
in

match,
be
in

fit

together,

Ijj
leap,

naztva pl. nazawi (n. vic.) jump,

agreement, in
to
tally,

bound;

sally, sortie; outburst, out-

conformity,

accordanee,

break, eruption;

surge,

flare,

flare-up;
fit,

impetuosity,

violence,

vehemence;

check <. with), be oonformable (~ to) VIII to be related (Jl to s.o.); to derive
one's origin (Jl from), trace one's ancestry (Jl to); to derive one's name

attack, parozysm; sudden

mood,

caprice,

whim

(Jl

from), be

named

(Jl

after);
(Jl

to belong,

VjU
l_j

an d *jJU look up alphabetically


>trJ nas')

pertain, be relative

to);

to be as-

nata'a a

to put

off,

postpone,

delay, defer, procrastinate (* s.th.);


(lj nas') to

sociated (Jl with), belong (Jl to a clan, a party, a faction, etc.); to attach o.s.
(Jl to),

associate, afflliate (Jl with); to

allow

( s.o.)

time to pay,

join (Jl e.g., a

po

ltical

grant
I

(. s.o.) credit

IV

party); to be

admitted
filiated

(Jl

to a Community), be afwith,
fll,

nas* long
nisd'

life,

longevity

(Jl

esp.,

ordinary, not a

as an extramember) X to traoe

women,

see jji

back the ancestry

(>

of

s.o.);

to

deem

; i ;

900
fitness; oorrelation, analogy, oorrespond-

proper {*

s.th.),

approve

{* of), aanotion,

condone
,_ ,..;

(* s.th.)

ence; kinahip, relationahip, affinity;

naaab

pl.

^L-il ansah Uneage,


extraction, derivation,
relationahip,
|

(pl.

-t)

relation,

referenoe,

bearing,

relevancy, pertinenoe; link; oonnection;


oooaaion, opportunity
|

descent;

origin,

i-*li*

or i--Li

provenieace ;

kinahip,

af-

finity, relationahip

by marriage

U-L
1,1*

or
in

L-Lt on the ocoasion


this

of; i--ll *X^i

conneotion; *--llU
circumatancea,
for

^J
this

due to
reaaon,

.:H

silsat an-n. family tree, pedigree,


line,

ancestral

genealogy;

^LJ^I

theae

therefore,

oonsequently,

henco;

JT j

'utam' al-a. genealogista


:

L-L* whenever an opportunity


every suitable occaaion
1

arises, at

.1

niaba ascription, attribution, Impu-

tation; kinahip, relationahip, affinity, re_***Lj

tanaub

proportional

relation,

lationahip

by marriage oonnection,
;

link
(pl.

agreement, oonformity, affinity;


,_,J

proportionality; proportionateness,
ance,

bal

evenness;

uniformity; regularity

nisab) relation, reference, bearing;

aymmetry;
mathematical
lationship, tion tion
|

harmony;
equation
;

ratio, rate;

meaaure; proportion (math.);

O
at-t.

proportion
re

reoiprocal
link,

percentage; adjective denoting descent


or origin, ending in

interrelation ;

oonneo-

Jl

{nisbatan)

and
as

(J or)

Jl

v-*^

in reapect to,

with

^Ul

fi*

'adam

dispropor

regard to, regarding, concerning, as to;

compared with, in compariBon with;

i_^UJl irUisb

membership;

afflliation

in relation to, with reforence to; for, to;


:
..;

^UVLj
tfijJu
relation;
(Jl

*-Ji^ Student

by

afflliation

in

proportion to, in keeping

mansb

related,

brought into

with, in accordance with, aooording to,

attributed,

ascribed,

imputed

corresponding to, commensurate with;


Cj
J.I
'
t
'-

to

s.o.);

belonging, pertaining (Jl to);

n.

al-maui death rate;

relative (to), concerning, regarding (s.o.

SjjL.

(mi'awiya) percentage
nisbl relative, comparative; per;

or s.th.);

(pl.

vf^*
|

mansib*) level,

^
cifio

altitude ; water level

__^J1

vj-**

*"

centual, percentile proportional;

U-J nw-

bahr sea level;

*JU v*- 11*

('<*%) hi8 n

biyan relatively
gravity

jr-> <JJJ

(**) SP6 '

water

levela,

high waters

Ljj-JU mansbiya nepotiam


l

^ .J nisbiya relativity
i^LJ nassb genealogist l^^J nasib erotic introduction of the
ancient Arabio
kaaida;

^*-L*

munsib

suitable,

fitting,

ap-

propriate, proper, adequate; oorresponding,

oommenaurate; oorreapondent, con-

gruous, analogous, oonformable ; proportional {math.)

(pl.

L-Jl

anribtC 1 ) relative,

kinsman (by marriage);


son-in-law;

brother-in-law

descending
ly

,^ts* mvtanaib proportionate, properly proportioned; proportional; mutual-

from a distinguiBhed family, patrician,


highbore, noble
u
.

corresponding,

analogous

^L^*

ljp.^1
..;
|

even, regulr, symmetrica!

ansab 2

more

adequate,

more
,_.
.

appropriate,
ified, fitter

more

suitable, better qual-

; -.

muntoaib
('utfu>)

member,

affiliate

L ^ . jip

asaociate (e.g-, of an

academy)

<JL+ munsaba
neas,

suitability,

suitableZs *-!j

appropriateneas, aptneas, adequacy

nsvi

human

natura, humanity

961

-j muaja u
to knit
imitate
|

{nasj) to
Jft

weave

(* B.th.);

jJ nask abolition, abolishment, abrogation, cancellation, invalidatton; copying, transcription


|

Jly*

_j (minwlihi) to
s.o.'s tracks,

s.o.,

follow in

walk

^-Jl

qalam an-n.

in s.o. 's footsteps, act or proceed like


fl.o.;

Neskhi

ductus

(see

-t^J

^J

below) ;

^Jl T

(narjah)

do.

VIII

to

duplicating machine, mimeograph; copying press

be woven -j nasj weaving; fabrio, texture


|

ji^-j naaki Neskhi, the ordinary oursive

JLA-'I

^-J n. al-kayl fabling, night of

Arabic script, the


style

common

calligraphio

fancy

^LJ

nassj weaver

*i-j

nusjfa pl. J
e.g.,

nusajf transcript;

S*-LJ nisja art of weaving; weaver'a


trade, textile industry

copy
paper,

(also,

of a book, of a news-

etc.)
pl. 4-LJ

^--J tuuij

pl.

i nu&uj,

fc-Jl ansija,

Lj nasak

nasaka copyist,

^Ljl
anat.);

ansdj

texture, web,
fabrio, textile

tissue
|

(also
}

transcriber; acribe, scri vener, clerk


j*-lJ tantuk sucoeasion;

woven

^^k- p m ..
,.

{faavn)

oellular

tisaue

transmigra-

{anat.);

tion of souls,
^1

>j*b\ n. al-'ankabt spider's web, eob-

metempsychosis

web;
his
j-**

j*-j
(its)

p_j

n.

wahdihi

unique in

Li

wtinah copying, transoription

kind,
n.

Singular,

unparalleled
(its)

jw*U nsik pl.

^LJ nusak
which

p-J

abrogative,
j

'aprihi

unique in his

abolishing; copyist, transcriber

tfU i.T

time
^-i. mansaj, mansij
pl.

Koranic

verse

abrogates

and

p-L. man*

supersedes another verse


_>L.
verse)

rif weaver'a shop, weaving mill


ri-i*

mansk

abrogated

(Koranio

minaaj loom
fabrie'

r>L* mansj woven; woven


textile; texture, tisaue,

web;

pl. ,-.1-.^, ,;.

J V to get torn; to come eagle-like


j naar
j

break, snap

to be-

woven

goods, dry goods, textes


pl.

j^J

nusr, Ij^-J nutra

jJ naza a

(n<w:)

to delete (* B.th.); to

eagle; vulture

abolish (* e.th.); to abrogate, invalidate


(* s.th.); to repeal, revoke,
s.th.); to cancel (*
(i-*

*jjlj nusriya eagle


j_^lj nsr pl. ^-I_y naiosir* fistula,

withdraw

(*

a oontract); to replace
(-*

* s.th. by), aubatitute

a for e.th.

tumor
j-JL. minaar, mansir pl. _^L* mansir1 beak (of predatory birds); band, gang,

a.th. eise);
III to

to transcribe, oopy (* s.th.)


B.th.),

aupersede, supplant, replaoe (*


s.th.)

take the place (* of

to be deleted,

group, troop
ijjj^-j nusfri
ji-J
pl.

abolished, abrogated, invalidated VI to

succeed each other, follow successively;


to pass from

iJ,LJ nasfira Nestorian

one body into another,


(soul)

transmigrate

nuag aap (of a plant)


nasafa
i

VIII

to

abolish,
._i-J

cancel, abrogate, invalidate (* s.th.); to

(tum/) to pulverize, atomize,

transcribe, copy (* a.th.)

to

demand

spray (* (wind
s.th.);

s.th.); to carry

the abolition (* of a.th.); to transcribe,

the dust); to blow up,


O

away and

soatter
blast (*

copy

(* s.th.)

to torpedo (* a ship) IV to

; , ;

soatter (esp.,

wind

the

dust) VIII to

'-

muruuaaq

well-ordered,

well-

raze (* s.th.); to to blow up, blast (* B.th.)


,__>,
..'

arranged; staggered (troop

formation);

naef blowing up, blasting; destruc-

harmonious

tion, demolition

j^bu mutanaiq
Jt--LJ no*MJ/* a vari-

well-orderod,

well-

arranged, regulr, symmetrioal


l
,

JLJ nvsadf

pl.

ety of swallow; rhinooeros

hombUI

(zool.)
i*

-, ?

nasaka u and nasulca u (ifLJ naska)


life;

LJ

niufa ohaff
pl. -t

to lead a devout

to live the

life

of

U nassfa

an ascetio V do.; to be pious, devout,


torpedo boat
otherworldly
pl.
,i
l
,

_-'- minaaf and *~i* minmfa Ju-U mannf* winnow


JaAI nsif and

-i

,i

nask, nusk, nueuk piety, devout-

nesa; asceticism; reclusion

U-U n/a

explosive,

dynamite

JLj
(a

nuauki ascetio

(adj.)

dLJ nusuk

sacrifice;

oeremonies (of

naaoya u (wwff)
pearls); to
nioely,

and

II to Btring

the pilgrimage)

put in proper order, arrange


array,
order,

rnge,

marshal,

iLlJ
reoluae,

niik

pl.

iJLJ

nusak

hermit,

dispoee (s.th.); toset up, lineup {* s.th.)

penitent ;

asoetic ;

pious

man,

to be well-ordered, be in proper order,

devotee
jl
'-

be nicely arranged; to be arranged, arrayed, disposed VI do.; to be geared to

mansik
cell

pl.

*iL-L.

mandsik* her-

mitage,
rifice;

of an ascetic; place of saoritual, esp.,

eaoh other, be well-coordinated (weapons) VIII

ceremony,

during the

pilgrimage
J_i naaala
father
ars.th.);

j-j nasq ordering, successive arrange-

(nasl) to beget, procreate, sire,

ment, lining up, alignment


J-J
nasaq order, array, layout,

ohildren);

u to pluck out
out

(*

to pluck (* s.th.); to ravel out,

rangement, disposition; conneotion, succession,

unravel, untwiBt, fray {* B.th.); to molt;


(J>-J nu9vl) to
fall

Bequence; manner, mode, Sys-

(hair, feathers)

tem, method; eymmetry; LLJ nasaqan


in regulr order,
in
o*1

II to Beparate into fibers, to shred, ravel (* rags); to unravel,

towb
j

the

manner of

J-J

J*

J-J J* in in the

undo

(*

a woven or

knitted fabrio) IV to beget, procreate,


aire,

same manner, equally, evenly, unifonnly


J-*N ^>jj*- conjunotions {gram.)

father

(*

ohildren); to molt; to fall

out (hair, feathers) VItopropagate, breed,


reproduce, multiply; to beget offspring;
to desoend, be desoended

j_J

naefq well-ordered, well -arranged

regulr, eren, uniform

(^

from)
off-

arraying; aetting Jj--" tanrtq ordering, up, drawing up; distribution, dispoaition;

JJ
spring,

nasl

pl.

JLJi ansl progeny,


descendanta
j-JLllj
|

issue,

J-JJl
(hart)

JJj
the

arrangement

systematic
|

arrangement

birth

oontrol;

iji-l

planned eoonomy
interior decoration

Jrf-Ia

JJu (ddki)

oivilization of
J

mankind
fibrous

LJ

nuala

waste,

thrums

j-jj tanassuq uniformity

ravelings; lint

j^J tansuq order; symmetry; har-

O *JL-i
willow

nassia

raveling

machine,

mony

983

Ui
tSjJ>

Jj-J natla

brood animal

ninoi

and JLJ

nis'i

female,

O *^

>

nastia oflFprint, reprint

feminine,

womanly,
affaira,

women's;

oULJ
a

women's
JLJl insl prooreation, generation J-Lj tandeul sexual propagation, prooreation, generation, reproduotion
|

things belonging to

woman'a world
i-SLJ nieSlya feminist

movement

L**l

J-bJI sexual organe, genitals; J-LJI


tfu*/ <H-(.

JuJ

^J

ntuiya a {nasy, L-J nisyn) to forget


(* s.th.)
(lit.:
|

sexual impotenoe

^1

^1
may

L.

md ansa

ansa

,J-Lj

tanmUl

procreative,
|

propaga-

whatever I
i.e.)

forget, I shall not

tive; genital, sexual

J-U

^^ (maraf)

forget,

I shall

never forget; Bome-

venereal disease

timee also: ^Jl V -& ,jJ\ l (in)

(ans)

and

^1
OLL-J tanfouHyt sexual organs

I shall

never forget

IV to make
pretend
to to

(. s.o.)

forget (* s.th.) VI to

nowma fj
(j
s.th.)

(nasm,
II

OLj muamdn)

have

forgotten

(*

s.th.);

blow gently

to oommenoe, start, begin


to

to forget, neglect, omit (*


oblivious (m of)

s.th.),

become

blow; to breathe;
<*->

to
^jJ naay oblivion, forgetfulness; s.th.

inhale (* s.th.); to-exhale


smell),

fragrant
redolent

smell

pleasantly,

be
|

one has forgotten

L-i.

LJ

_^1 ofboha
for-

be fragrant (v with) jj-'l (fcabara) to nose around for news, sniff

(v

of),

nasyan mansiyan to be completely


gotten,
fall

into utter oblivion

out the news


fJ>

^J
pl.

narty, LJ nasaff and l_J nasyn*

nasam
Life

pLJl

an*Sm breath;

forgetful, oblivious

breath of <*j

uL-j nisyn oblivion, forgetfulness

rnuama

pl.

-dW

breath

whiff,

waft; breeze;

aura; breathing, living


(o.g.,

^JL.

maruty forgotten;

pl.

oL-JL. (as

oreature; peraon, soul

in a census,

as a numerative in statistios)

oppoaed to olii^i*) things onoe memorized and now forgotten

^-j
s'im'

nartm

pl.

*LJ
air,

niam,
fresh

fUJ na
wind,

nai&a

(naiS,

JLi naStt) to
hiss;

sizzle,

breath of
|

air;

Bimmer, bubble, boil up; to


drive

to

breeze

*-ill

*i

Samm

an-n. Egyptian

away

flies

populr holiday oelebrated on the Mon-

^lii 3jj waraq na&k


~*x*

blotting paper

day following Greek-Coptio Easter


mina&Sa
fly

whisk
najfua

^J* majuim
sole,

pl.

L.

mansim* foot

padded foot

(of animals)
foll.
ia

U naia*a a and
jJLJ

JJLJ

(*,j

naf,

nuS', llij nai'a) to

rise, rise aloft,

*-i*

mutanassam (with
where
s.th.

genit.)

emerge, appear, loom up; to come into


being,

place

blows,

exhaled,

come into

existenoe,

originate,

enianates, or exudes

form, arise, oome about, orop up; to

^u-J nama,

nisns

pl.

^LJ
(eg.)

nasnis* a

proceed, spring (,> or


;

js from), grow

fabulous creature of the woods, having

out ( j* or j* of ) to follow, ensue, reBult,


derive (j or j* from); to grow, grow up;

one leg and one arm;


Jj-J

monkey
and
.L_J

to

develop,

evolve

LJlS

Ujij

tiJ

nimm, jt^J
(pl.

niewn

nis'

(idtiyan) to start

by

itaelf,

arise spon-

women

of iTjJ)

taneously,

come

about

automatioaily

V*J

964
tion; installation; composition, compilation, writing; letter writing; style, art of

II to cause to

grow; to bring up,

raise (

a child) IV to cause
oreate,

( s.dh.) to rise; to

bring

into

being

s.th.,

of

composition;

essay,

treatise

oUUil

God); to bring forth, produoe, generate,


engender (*
s.th.),

Sj-*

{'askariya) military installations;

give rise ( to s.th.) to


;

.LU'il 1*1 i'atal-i. reconstruction

make, manufaoture, fabricate

( s.th.);

jllil

in&'i

creative;

constructive;

to build, oonstruct (* s.th.); to call into existenoe, originate, start, found, establish,

relating to composition or style; stylistio; editing, editorial


|

organize, institute (* s.th.); to set


;

Mj)

produotion

program;

jLUl (\j (barn* Ulijl *JJ


>*>*

up, ereot (* s.th.)

to install ( s.th.)

to

(gf'a)exerciseinoomposition;LiL^I

compose, draw up

( a piece of writing), raise,

theme, oomposition
'jjJU

write (* a book); to bring up,


rear (. a child) ; to begin, Start,
initiate
(
s.th.)

commence,

V to grow, develop,

ing, originating, prooeeding,

n' growing, growing up; arisemanating,

spread, gain ground

to search, ask,

springing, reBulting (j* from); beginner;


(in sports)

junior; youngster,

youth

look

(* for

news)

jij

nai'
,
I

youth;

new generation

Siilj
|

n&i'a youth, rising generation

iai.!
illi

generation J\ the young


nai'a
early

*-ti-

munii' creating; creative; Creafounder;


au-

growing
life,

up,

upgrowth,
rise,

tor;

organizer, promoter,

growth;

youth;

birth,

thor, writer
: !:.

formation, genesis; origin; youth, young

muna'a

pl.

-t

oreation, prod-

generation;
bringing,

culture,

refinement;
(of

up|

uct,

work,

opus;

foundation,

estabin-

background

a person)

Ilij

lishment;

installation;

Institution,

itl. (muto'na/o)
jJLi

rebirth, renaissance

stitute; pl. installations (e.g., industrial,

nui

growing, growth, develop|

military)

ment,

evolution
an-n.

iA

V^' V*^
theory
of

^_AJ

na&ba a

{naib,

nuiba,

^jjij

madhab

wa-t-taraqqi

evolution, evolutionism

nuSb) to be fixed, be attaohed, cling, stick, adhere (j to); to attend (v s.th.),

O
ists

JjJy^" on-nuJ'yn the evolutionof origin or up-

be incident (y to); to get involved (ji in), meddle ( j with) to break out (war)
;
,_

*;

or

l. manfa" place growth; birth place, home town, home fatherland, homeland, native country
origin,
rise,

*'i

not to hesitate II and

IV to stick on, paste on, attaoh, fix, insert


( s.th.)
tj

birth,

formation,

genesis
;

naSab property, possession

source,

springhead,

fountainhead

bel_>jJLJ

nuSvb

clinging,

adherence

(j

ginning, Start, onset


,jijj tanlf

to);

outbreak

upbringing, education

^lij naSib arrow maker; archer, bow-

>"

tanii'a upbringing, education

man
^Lii nuSSb
naliSb' arrows
.

IUI ini" oreation; origination; bringoring about; setting up, establishment,

(coli.; n.

un.

!) pl.

vi^l-iJ

ganization, Institution; formation;


ing, manufaoture,

mak-

;
look

muraiib

flerce, violent (battle)

produotion; erection;

building, construction ; founding, founda-

up

alphabetically

; ; ;

966

j nafoja

(p-ii naliij) to sob


JjJLj

(news, a disease, etc.); to spread out,

na&ada u (naid,

extend, expand; to be propagated, be


naida,
jl-ULJ ntf

VS) to seek (* s.th.), look, search (* for);

conveyed (waves); to be difiused, be


scattered, be dispersed, be

to

ad jure, implore
or *
Zt\

thrown into

s.o.

by, e.g.,

<>l

disorder;

aha by God)
(Jaj l

III to
s.o.

adjure, implore

to fan out, extend (mil.)

to

do

s.th., *

s.o.

by, e.g.,

aha by God) IV to seek


to s.o. verees) VI to

Bion;

sj na&r unfolding; spreading, diffupropagation; Promulgation; pub-

(* s.tb.), look, search (* for); to sing (* e.th.); to recite (*

lication; notifioation,

urrection

S^oll
|jj

announoement;
n.

res-

ad-da'wa Propa-

recite verees to each otber


s.o.)

to ask

ganda

_r

t*JI

yaum

on-n.

Day

of Res-

to recite versea

urrection;
i*jjj
I

rJI jlj Publishing house


pl.
;

uU
Oj'UJ

na&d
,

and
jLLil

un&da

pl.

S/ naira
proclamation

naiari (public) notice,


report,
ao-

na&aid1
t

anSd, u-JUl anHd*


{

publication;
;

song;
aLii^l

hymn antbem

xJ^I

4-1J

or

count ;
circular;

announoement
leaflet,

advertisement
handbill
decree,
;_,J

4-iJ tbe Song of Solomon, the Song of Songs; y^l xJ^\ (umami) the

pamphlet,
ordinance,
or

periodical;

order,

International;

^^

.u (am*i)

rally-

edict

jUM
lyjj

\jj

jU-l

ing song; &_,* a~j (*a*tr) soldier's

(ifcbriya)

newscast, news (radio);


periodical

lyM
pub-

song,

jy

marching Bong; milita/y march; x- {gawnt) or Jtj j-ij (uu/ant)

jji
*-*^-.t

(dauriya)

publication;

(usb'iya)

weekly

anthem; JJ -L-U (&!) Serenade; jlL -Vr-^ (mo^ajtt) royal anthem


national
u-iL.

lication,

weekly paper; newsreel;

ol^

j*-

(jawunya) weather report (radio);

mxmSada urgent request,

ear-

neat appeal, adjuration

jU-^b H^U ;^j (fcfipa) prospectus, price list; "Le-j l^ (ra&mtya) offlcial
publication,
bulletin;

^+i l_^

(AzA*

jUI
ijL>

tn&U

recitation, recital

riya)

monthly publication;

rvd

*y^

maniCd sought,

aspired, desired,

(yaumiya) order of the day (m.)


jLLi naSSdr

pursued (aim, objective)


xLL. munSid singer

sawyer
of)

#jU niira (activity


nSdir

sawing

j^LU nuMdir and

j-sLl^j

ammonia

j[li

nu&ra sawdust

jj rwiara u {naSr) to spread out (* a.th.);


to unfold, open
(*

jjti

nufir resurrection

jjti\

>jj

e.th.);

to unroll (*
t

yaum an-n* Day

of Resurrection

s.th.); to hoit {* a flag);

to spread,

jLjU minir pl.


jlilil

^L.

manHr* saw

diffuse,

emit

{* e.g.,

a scent); to announoe
(*
s.th.);

irUr spreading, spread, dif-

publicly, publicize
(*

to publish
etc.);

fusion, diffusiveness
ji\j nSir publisher
II*

a book, an advertisement,
s.th.);

to

propagate, spread {*
jjJLi
(

(naSr,

nuSr) to resurrect from the dead

s.o.);

manSr spread abroad, propagatpublic, published;


~t,

to saw apart (* s.th.)


s.th.)
(

II

to

ed,

made
(pl.

spread out, unfold (*


urrect

IV to

res-

sawn

(apart);
leaflet,

j^iL.

man&r*)

from the dead

s.o.)

to be

pamphlet, handbill; circular; prospectus


proclamation; order, ordinance, decree,
edict;

spread out, be unfolded; to spread VIII to

be spread out, be unfolded; to spread

prism (math.)

s*
tfjjH* look
_/,?,*

up

alphabetically

aotivate,

exoite

(*,

s.o.,

s.th.)

to

strengthen, invigorate, animate, inspirit,

muntar spreading, Bpread out;


energize
current,
rife ;
(

s.o.),

impart vim and energy


( s.o.,

widespread,

prevailing,
(

to

s.o.),

encourage, embolden
to knot, tie

prevalent, predominant
Jl to j

do

B.th.);

up

(* s.th.)

na&aza

u
to
<_.

(naii)

to be elevated, be
to
rise;

to be lively, animated, brisk, sprightly,

located high above;

(jj^

vivaoiouB, spirited, active, eager, keen,


zealous, brave, cheerful, gay; to display

nu&z)
(J*,

be

recalcitrant,

disobedient

^,

toward her husband; said of


(a

a woman); to treat
(said of

wife)

brutally
life,

vim and energy (j in Borne work), be energetio and active, work energetically
and actively
in the
(Jl
for,

a man) IT to restore to

toward);

to

be

revive, reanimate (* B.th.)

mood

for), feel like

doing

s.th. (J)

jll

naSaz

pl.

jLiil

anSz

elevated

li

..'

na&if

lively,

animated, Bpirited,

place, high

ground
diasonance, disoord
;

brisk, sprightly, vivacious, agile, nimble;


Btirring,

bustling,

busy,

enterprising,

JlU naS

energetic, aotive

J^
athy;

nu&z animosity, hostility


diasonance,
discord;

antip-

IkJ
zeal
J

naJfa energy;

eagerness, ardor,

{Id.

Law)
recal-

violation of marital duties


either

on the part of
specif.,

husband or

wife,

naSf

briakness,

sprightliness,
agility,

citrance of the

woman toward

her hus-

liveliness,

animation,

vivacity;

band, and brutal treatment of the wife

alacrity, eagemeaa, ardor, zeal, energy

by

the husband

vim, activeneas; activity; lively activity,


action, Operation; strength,

power (physenergy,

jJU nSiz protruding, elevated, raised; jarring, dissonant, disoordant; reoal*


citrant
!j-lJ

ical

and mental);
|

vigor, vital

vitality ity;

jj*- .Ulli (jawwt) aerial activ{*&'&*%)

^l*il -UL

radioactivity; ji
C^ti *\j*

nSiza

pl.

yi-\y

nawz 1

recal-

^Uil iL

radioactive; JL

citrant

woman, shrew, termagant


a
(J*lii

^l*il (mawdd1 ) radioactive substances,


radioactive matter; .ULii
.--L

active;

lU

naSifa

naSOf)

to be

lively,

JLJl

ro* inaotive,

dull, listleas (stock

animated,
spirited,

brisk,

sprightly,

vivacioua,
zealous,

market)
L^a;

active,

eager,

keen,

brave, cheerful, gay; to display

vim and

naf

pl. .Ulii niff brisk, lively,


;

energy <j in some work), be energetic

spirited,

animated, cheerful, gay stirring,


busy, active, energetic; glad,

and

active,

work

energetically

and

bustling,

actively <JI for, toward); to be in the

mood

<J for), feel like doing B.th. (J); to

happy, enthusiastio (J about), actively (jins) the J^iill devoted (J to)


|

^1

be glad, enthusiastio (J about); to apply


o.a. eagerly,

stronger sex
1ijii\

attend actively (J to some


briskly (J

unSfa pL .U-iUl

an?

knot,

activity),

embark
J.J

upon

s.th.)

slipknot, bow, noose

Jp
one's

>

('iqlihi)

to be freed from

Vii* man&af pleasant thing


V.*J?

shacklea,

be unfettered,

be un-

shackled;
(* in

naSafa u

{naSf) to tie a
II

knot

tanHt

encouragement,

inoite-

a rope), knot (* a rope)

and IV

ment; Stimulation; enlivening, animation,


activation

to incite, spur on, enliven, Btimulate,

967

Ja-ilJ

nSif brisk, lively, spirited, anistirring,

JiJ naSala u

(naSl)

to take away, snatoh

mated, cheerful, gay;


buy, active, energetio
.Lti.

bustng,

away,

Bteal, pilfer ( a.th.);

to extrioate

(from dangers,
deliver, save

difflculties, eto.), liberate,

munf

spur, incentive, impetus,

(. s.o.)

VIII to extrioate; to

BtnuluB
^JLi

raise, raise aloft; to

gather up, pick up


eto.),

(shipwreaked persona,
naAi'a a (naj*) to tear out, tear off (*
B.th.)
JLj

aave, rescue

(. s.o.)

VIII do.

J
naS' leakage water, aeepage

naSl pickpocketing, pickpocketry


TiaSSdl

JL
uLJ

piekpoeket
ntin
pl.

aJLu munaSSa* sodden, soggy, soaked,

drenched, soaking wet


JjlZj

nn and uLi

t>-U nay*
bridal attire

Sin 1 sign;

mark; aim, goal; target; deo(ey.)

naiafa u (naif) to suck up, absorb (

s.tb.);

naiifa a to dry, dry up, dry out,


II

oration, medal, order;

become dry

to dry,

make dry
o.a., toil

u^-ij
{* s.th.);
|

na&mji

and

^flli

natnji

to wipe (dry), rub dry (* s.th.)

marksman, good
5cJLJ

ahot, sharpahooter ight (of a gun)

Jiij

*ij (riqah) to exert


peater, molest b.o.
o.s.

hard; to
ijtjjj

nankh

na&ifa; to wipe

dryj to be wiped dry, be dried

na&na&a to be nimble, swift,

briflk,

adroit, dexterous, agile, active; to boil

J*j naSaf desiccation, drynesB

up, aizzle, simmer, bubble II tanafna&a


to be nimble
reoover, pick

jL
iilSJ

7Ui5$f blotting

paper

and dexterous; to

revive,

up

noiia/a sheet of blotting paper,


(jJL>

blotting pd; blotter; towel

and

jii)

na&iya a

(IjJlS

naiwa,

Uli.

nuhva, niOwa) to be or become intoximinSafa


pl.

Jiib*

man&if*

cated, be or

become drunk

II

towel; cleaning rag; napkin


clothes, linen) VIII to
>_' -Im

to starch (*

become intoxicated
(*

taniif drying

to smell (* a scent), to inhale

tJtiU nd&if desiccated, dried up, dry;

breeze)
ytj

hard,

stiff,

tough
(naiq

nafaoa
;

fragrance,

aroma, scent,
dru nkenness
ji n. a^-farab

perfume
Jij
TiaSiqa
sniff,

intoxication,
j

and na&aq) to smell,

frenzy, delirium

<~>jUi\

inhale (* s.th.); to snuff

up the
(*

rapture, elation, exultation, enthusiasm,

noatrils (* s.th.) II
s.o.

and IV to give

eoatasy
Lij

s.th.)

to smell,

make

( s.o.)

inhale

(* a.th.)

V and VIII to
to

inhale, breathe in;


(* a.th.)
J

naSan

soent,

perfume ;

Btarah,

to snuff
l_^JI

up the nostrs
get

jJLl
air

cornstarch
*LJ

(haw'a)
I;

aome

fresh

naSa starch, cornstarch


naJSawi

=
jJLi

to nose around (* for), sniff out


tjjZi

starchy;

pl.

(* s.th.)

oLyU
pl.

starchy foodtuffs
naSq,

JJ

tana&htq and

JLiii-!
jlj-lj

nahvn*,

f.

^jli

nako,

istin&q inhaling, Inhalation

tjjl
J^JLJ

naSto

intoxicated,

drunk;

en-

naMq, nuSq anuff


j

raptured, elated, exultant, flushed


Lliil intiS*

taniiqa pinch of anuff

intoxication

naffa u
stipulat*
pecify,

(ww)
(Jp

to

fix,

lay down, appoint,

(harba) to deolare

war on a.o. ; IT^


J

*! <--*tJ

B.th.),

provide

(Jp

for),
s.th.),

(Sarakan) or

Ui

w_*^ (fakkan) to set


*J

determine (Jp *or jp define (Jp B.th.); to fix or determine the


text (* of B.th.),
letter)
;

a trap for

s.o.;

bJ*

w_*i (kaminan)
;

to prepare an

ambueh
u

for b.o.

*-l*

<_***

draw up, compoee

{*

(maHdatan) to devise a olever plan, hatch


a plot;
trouble,

to arrange, stack, pile

up

in lay-

nafoba
fatigue,

(nafb) to distress,

era (* s.th.); to set up, line

up

(* B.th.)

wear

out,

exhaust
{

(diaease or sorrow;

s.o.);

to jade

j^j notf pl. ,j*jaJ nuff text; worda.o.)

ing,

version;

passage,

word,

phrase,

sentence, clause; expression,

manner of

made

<-*>' \jr+> (anfumhwn) they every effort in order to . they

. .

struggled hard to

. . ;

o.s,

nafitba

a (nofab)

expression, language, phraseology, Btyle;


Provision, term,
stipulation, condition;

to be tired, fatigued, jaded, worn out,

exhauBted; to exert
|

to the utmost

arrangement; manifeatation, evidence

<^j verbatim, <*ij


ally, precisely;

(j
<ul bi-n.

in)

II

to set up, set upright, rear,

wa-faffihi
raiae, lift as),

up

(* B.th.); to install (
s.o.

s.o.

in the very words, ipsissimiB verbis, liter-

appoint (

to an offlce) Jjl
|

<_-~*i

U>jj

Lj na#san tfo-rfi{v4naih%) to priek


hostile
(

up

one's ears III to

be
(

han

in letter

and

spirit

<_*j

rnwa

pl- <j**>

BU

W
i-l

to

s.o.), fight,
|

combat, oppose

forelock

s.o.),

display enmity

v^' *r^

(Ja***)

^huhn

minapfa

pl. ~t,

^l^* man&p* podium;


m.
al-

todeclare

waron

s.o.; yJJl *-*U (Sarra)


s.o.,

to

raised platform, dais, tribune, bridal throne;


easel
|

show

o.s.

openly hostile to
I.uJI

open
IV to

<^u

hostilities against b.o.;

<-^U ('ad'a)
8.0.

position

of power;

jUJ-'I

uj

to declare

o.b.

the

enemy of

roatrum
{J

tire, fatigue,

wear out, exhaust


(

( b.o.);

to fix a ahare or allotment

for 8.0.)

*r*X tan$i$ quotation ^.^jJI oU^U


|

VIII to rise up, straighten up,

draw

o.b.

'aimi

at~t.

quotation marks

up; to plant

o.b.;

to rise; to get up,

*J* ^j-^-'

manpf

'alaihi fixed, ap-

stand up, get on one's feet; to stand


upright, be in a vertioal position; to be
set up,

pointed, Btipulated, provided for, specified;

determined; laid
{tmj^6)

down

in writing

be

raised; to be appointed (J to

an u
,V*

office),

hold an offlce (J); {gram.) to


(final

na$aba u

to raise, rear, erect,

be pronounced with a

consonant),
|

et up,

put up
fit

(* s.th.); to prepare,

get

be in na$b (accusative or subjunctive)


SJl l -" :l (li-l-^ukm) to
Bit in

ready,

up

( B.th.); to pitch (*

a tent);

judgment
up,
(e.g.,

to plant, raise (* a Standard, a flagstaff),


hoist (* a fiag); to plant (* a tree);
level,

to

^-^

nafib

setting

up,

putting

aim

(*

a cannon); to appoint to an

placing; erection; planting, raising

office, inetall in

an

offlcial position;

to

of a fiagstaff) ; appointment, inBtallation,


investiture ;

show, manifest, display (J toward


a evil, enmity); to direct,
e.g.,
(eg.)

pronunciation

of

final

s.o.,

aim

consonant with a; the putting a noun in


the accusative, or a verb in the subjuncs.o.);

(* s.th.,

criticism,

Jp against or at

to cheat, swindlc, dupe, gull, de-

tive (gram.); diaease, illneBB;

(eg.)

awindle,

ceive {Jp s.o.); (gram.) to pronounce (a final conaonant) with the vowel a; to

trickery, skulduggery, deception, fraud


,_

,V

nafib pl. i^LajI

an$b

s.th.

planted

put

(a

noun) in the accusative, put


\

(a

in the ground, set up, or erected; plante


(coli.)

verb) in the aubjunctive

v^*' ^

r-**

w_aj

nu#b,

nu$ub

pl.

^L*j|

an$b
|

i_,..u*ilj

y-napib lottery
pl. t_-^li.

statue; idol, graven image;


tijlTJj

monument

w-^j

(ta^in)

monument, ceno-

<-~*^ matifib

manfib* place

taph

where
office,
of,

s.th. is planted, set up, or erected;

dignity,

i^ nupba (prep.) in front


facing
|

rank,
<>

poaition,
1

post

opposite,

w^Uit

v'hj'

eyes;

J_* t^^AJ ('ainayya) before my aJ^. ^^j * (f~*j) Jr ('awwiAi)


. . .

v* ^' v -^' m n
1

dignitaries
1,

to direct one's attention to


in view
v_-^J

have

-aU min^ai pl.

i_-*li.

manpife' kitoh-

. .

en rnge, cookstove

naodb exertion, strain, hardship,


(pl.

vi J
Position)
<>L*iil

tan<rt&

appointment, nomination
(in

fatigue;
in the

v L*jl

anfft) flg

planted

installation,

induction

an

offlcial

ground

L**j nofba pl. -<W plant i*^j


nttfba

intib

raising, rearing, right-

ing ; aetting up, putting post ;


pale,

up

erection

stake,

pier,
<_-**U
Tipib

buttress, pillar; signpost, guidepost

tiring,

wearisome,

ex-

hausting;
<^Lj ntpfi origin, beginning ;
(Ial.

(pl.

<_-!>' nawfib*)

word

Law)

governing the subjunctive (gram.)


-r'.*-*^

minimum amount

of property liable to

payment of the zakh tax; minimum number or amount; quorum; (pl. -dt,
l_j

manpb erected;

set-up, raised;

planted in the ground; fixed, fastened,


attached;
installed
in
offloe;

nu#ub)
|

sword
<iLJ

hilt,

knife

handle,

leveled,

saber guard
in

in its

proper place,

aimed (cannon; J*

at); (pl. -t)

word in

good order, perfectly

all right; c.jjn-1

the accusative or subjunctive


<_-*^

LfL^j

j j

jj-VI

(Mtaqarrat)

thingB were

muntafib set

upright, set-up,

straightened
*jL*J
ji-l

out,

returned to normal;
(haqqa)
(jUI)

raised, planted in the

ground; ereoted;
vertical,

^j
Jl

to

restore

upright,

erect,

straight,

per-

justice;

<uL*J

l_^l

aj or

^ij
j>U
1

pendicular

{radda, a'da amran) to straighten s.th.

out, Bet a matter right; <uL*j Jl

jj^Jl

C- napata
J

{na#i)

and IT to
s.o.,

listen,

hearken,

(Ad*u) peace has been restored; 1.1/

give ear (Jl or J to

J to

s.th.)

V to

vLaI (mman) so as to complete the number, in order to round off the amount

try to hear; to eavesdrop, listen secretly


C.-^::*

mutana$it eavesdropper

V La)
t_-i**j

nafpb

fraud,

oheat,

sharper,

swindler, impostor; deceitful, fraudulent

naaha a {na#h, nv#h, **-L*J nafiha,


nafika) to give
(,
(,

i**-^j

J
J

s.o.)

sincere
<_*

napib pl. i__*j nu^ub, Ljl aw^t*


share,

advice, advise, counsel

s.o.,

to

6' a ,

rMJ\ an$iba
fate, lot
|

participation

do

s.th.).

admonish, exhort;

(napA,
well

(j in); share of

profits,
j-j-oJ
J
;;

dividend; luck,

ry-** nufh) to be sincere; to

mean

chance;
s.o. 's

j- lT to

fall

to

(J with s.o.), wish s.o. (J) well, be well-

share or lot; jl
. .

Vt ^* S" to be

disposed,

show good
(

will (J

toward

b.o.);

so

fortunate as to
...;

have the good


tiJJi

to act in good faith

J toward

s.o.) III

to

fortune to
(ijcfqv)

jLi-Vl

,y

J ;;V>

lT

give

( b.o.)

sincere advice; to be sincere in


(

to have bad luck in

s.th.,

draw a

one's intentions
loyal

toward

s.o.)

VI to be

blank; j* ji\j ^-i-J J _^ (wfl/rn) to have an ample share in . .

and sincere toward each other Till to

take good advice, follow an advice

to

70

aak

(
s.o.).

s.o.)

for

advice, be advised
( s.o.)

*j^u^Ji

an-nu$a\riya

the

Ansarie,

by

oonsult

gnostio sect in Syria


counseljj-#li

~* nafih,

nu#h good advioe


guidance

n&r

pl.

jwl>

nawdflr1

fistula
(ep.)

ing, counsel;

-r

*i*

mon^or

pl.

^L.

manptr1

V'

no^iA Bincere; fsithfal ad viser

band of robbers
jw*J
;_

:^

~:

nopiAa

pl.

^Lj na&'ih* sincere


admonition,
friendly

tan^ir Christianization ; baptism

ad vice;
reminder
advioe

friendly
|

**~J

Ji

to give a

word of

aid, r^L* mvn$ara assistance, help,

support,
tion,

backing,

furtherance,

promo-

patronage
(pl. -dt)

-^
loyal

no^A

aincere,

true,

faithful,

jL*sJl intir

victory, triumph;

revenge

~LoLL-l ttnpA consultation

^
nup
nuflpr

nfir

pl.

-i*n,

jL*il anfr, jU*i

-^lj
pah

ndfliA pl.

^L^i nuwdA, ->


oounselor,

helper; protector; granting vic-

aincere;

good

inoere

tory

v*^

to ^ e ^P a ''

ad viser
; Lil

an^dr

(pl.)

adherents, followers,
patrons,
friends

^go na^ara u
aid, assist

(na^r,

jj~*> nufir) to help,

partisans,

Sponsors,

<J*

* s.o.

against); to render

jU*iVl the Medinan followers of Moham-

viotorious, let

triumph (J

s.o.

over;

med who
Hegira

granted him refuge after the

of God); to deliver

(>
s.o.)

* s.o.

from), keep,

protect, save II to Christianize, convert

^Ul

an-nfira Nazareth

to Christianity
assist,

III to help, aid,


(

support, defend, protect

s.o.)
s.o.),

jy-*U nfirl of Nazareth; Nazarene


jjm\-

to try to help, seek to support (J


s.o.
( J)
;

manfr
viotorious,

supported,

aided

(by

Btand up for

to

become a

Chris-

Ood);

triumphant;
(city in

victor;

tian TI to render mutual assistance, help

Sj^-J.1 El

Mansra

Egypt)

each other VIII to come to


aid,
(J)
;

s.o.'s

(J)

be on

s.o.'s (J) side,

aide with s.o.

^L.
y .*
-' '
,

munfir helper, supporter, de-

to be viotorious; to gain a viotory, to

fender, proteotor

triumph (J over); to take revenge (j> on) X to ask { s.o.) for assistance

muntafir viotorious, triumphant


clear,

r +j na$a a a (f>-*i nup') to be

pure;

jUi na$r help,

aid, asBistance, support,

to be piain, evident, obvious, manifest,

backing; victory; triumph

patent; to recognize
assistance,

(<->

s.th.,

esp.,

_r

*j

nufra

help,.

aid,

claim or

title)

IV to recognize, acknowl-

support, backing

edge
pl.

(u> s.th.)

j 1^
Christian

naprni

j j Lj

na^rd

?j-*> nup* whiteness; brightness (of

a color)
r

ijlj^i na$rniya Christianity


jwj nofir pl.
Ij^ai

r'1

nafi' pure, clear; piain, evident,

obvious, ostensible, manifest, patent


nu^ortT
1

helper;
*frLj

supporter, defender, proteotor; ally, confederate;

na$cCa purity; clearness, clarity


of argumentation, of expres-

adherent,

follower,

partisan;

(also, e.g.,

furtherer, promoter, patron

sion)

971

**U nfi* pure, clear; piain, evident,


obvioua,
ostensible,

manifest,
n.

patent;

U-b* mundfiafatan half of it (of them), by naives, half and half, by equal shares,
fifty-Ofty

white
white;

i^LJl A^li

al-bay&4 snowplain
truth;

-U

(k*?)

JU*Jl tnff justioe, equity, fairness;


just treatment
<_4~U

ic*U

L*-

^J approz.: they have a olean


olean

slate, their skirts are

nfif

pl.

JLJ nuff, ,Ju*J

Ju*i nafiafa

{naff) to reaoh its

midst
the
to

na#af, <*~*i nafafa Bervant

(day),

beoome noon
biseot,

II to divido in
s.th.)

munoffif

halving,

biseoting,

middle,

halve (*

III
(*),

dividing into two equal parte


J**i*

share

with

s.o.) half

of s.th.

go
munfif a righteous, just man;
fair,

halvea (*
{*

with

s.o. in),

share equally

with

s.o. .th.)

IV to be just; to treat be just done


(

equitable,
<Jt~a=L*

just
|
1

with justioe

( s.o.)

with

s.o.);

munlapaf middle

_'*."-

to see that justioe

is

to

s.o.),

aee

A^l
m.

halfway,

midway; 5*UI

that

s.o.

()

gets

his

right;
( s.o.);

to

treat

without discrimination

to estab-

lish s.o. 's () right (,> in

the face of a
serve
o.s. (
(

S^UII 9:30, half past nine; JJI J**ei* ai-lail midnight; jl+Jl i_V ^t: t m. annahr midday, noon
J^*j naeala
off,

rival

or oppressor);

to

s.o.)

Vto submit, subordinate serve ( s.o.); to demand


reaoh
its

to

a u {6j^ nufl) to

fall

out, fall

b.o.),

fall

justiote

Till to

to the ground, drop; to fade

midst, be in the middle, be

(oolor); to get rid

midway,
month,
(i> to),
justioe

from)

be

half

over

to free
to

o.s.

(day,

night,

(> of), free (^ from),

o.s.

(j*

rid o.s.

lifetime);

to appeal for justioe

(i>

of);

renounoe,

disavow,

shirk

demand
(J
o.s.

justice

(^

from); to do

to s.o.); to take vengeance,


(j* on)

withdraw (j* from); to wash one's handa of s.th. (j*), vindicate o.a.,
(j* s.th.),
clear o.e., justify o.s.
|

rerenge

X to demand
^ 'a^

**d\

justioe
(tabi'a)

j*

J^J

or Jj>-il j* J~*tf (nuw'flJfya)

<Jl*3 niff, nuff pl. J>U*Jl

an0f

half,

to refuse to take the responsibility, evade or shirk the responsibility


J-*j rw^/ (coli.; n. un.
!) pl.

moiety; middle

iJ\jS\

'i

semioirole;

iSj4^ iJuaj n. Sahri semimonthly; JiLJl


(jjlJuJi a, oi-'of^dr

JL-J

ntptt,

demi-vierges; ipJl J*~*>


_^kiJ!
i.'*

n.

al-qird lemur;
JJJI

r*

n. al-qufr

J^j

an^ui, J>-*> nu^if arrowhead, spear-

radius;
jLfJl

Ja^
n.

head; blade of a knife or sword;


or surface of a leaf
(bot.)

n. al-la

midnight;

O spread

(Ju*j

an-nahr midday, noon;


as-sanavA the

jj>-J iJl^J

.L-Jl al-qisf n.

J-U nfil

falling,

dropping; faded

semiannual installment
J*.^i niff (uninfl.)

uui napama
middle-aged
demi|

ioon, idol,

graven image

medium, middling;

of

medium
J~j

aize or quality;

wU

nfiya

pl.

,j^l> natw^in forelook; fore


|

part of the head; (street) oorner


niffi half-, semi-, hemi-,
(tijntal)

-U-l

*^b

to

seize,

take by the forelock,

J-i

Jlix"

bust;

hemiplegia;

J^j

J-* Jii

(Salal)

taokle properly (* s.th.);

*^ ilL

to be

('aman) hemianopia

or become master of
s.th. s.th.;

s.th.,

have or get

Ju*j napaf
>

and

<ju*j

nafa/a justice

under control, master or control

wly
yt

iJli.1

{imialaka) do.; JL.^1

nafif ve

JT

4L^*Lj *jji>u
i

all

hopes are pinned on htm;

tanff halving, biseotion

i-^LJI

Aa;or an-n. cornerstone, quoin

972

iji

nadda

(nad4, u*?* nadid) to ripple,

wll *,:

mindah shower, douche

drip, percolate, ooze, leak,, dribble, triokle


II

mindaha

pl.

r***L*

manadih*

to move, ahake (* s.th.)


iji

watering can; shower, douche


apecie,

nada" oash,

hard money,

ooin; LJ

naddan

in (hard) cash

-U nadada

(nadd) to pile up, staok, tier


layers
{* s.th.); to
(*
s.th.)

arrange in

put in
II

^U

JU mal ndd

casb, hard

money,

order,

array,

arrange

do.

specie, coin

to compose, aet (* a.th.; typ.)

t_-* noffoa

(v>^

n#*6) to eep away

-LJ

nadad

pl.

juI andd bedatead;


(e.g.,

in

the

ground,

be

abaorbed

by the
beoome
dwindle,

pile, stack,

rows, tiera
tablea

of sacks)

ground; to dry up, run dry, peter out;


to be exhauated, be depleted,
less,

-L*J

nudud

diminiah,
|

decreaae ;

to

-L-

nadid arranged one above the

decline; to die

u^.

^ inexhaustible,

other, tiered, in rows, in layera; orderly,


tidy, regulr

incessant IV to ezbaust, drain, deplete,

dry up (*

s.th.)
pl. t_-**J

ix~J nadida pl. iJLiJ natf'id 2 oushion,

,_>U n$ib

nuddab dried up,

pillow, mattrese

dry; arid, harren, sterile


**j nadija

-LU mindada

pl. -t, JlJ>\l*

mandid*

table; worktable, deak; bedatead; frame-

a (nadj) to be or become ripe,


(alao
flg.,

work, rack, stand

ripen,

mature

of an
Ute);
well

affair,

of a personality, or
well-cooked,

the

to

be

xsJt:3 tandid typesetting, composition


(typ-)

be or become

done

(meat); to maturate (tumor) IV to bring


to

-Liu

munaddid
(typ.)

pl.

-n

typesetter,

ripeness

or

maturity,

make

ripe,

oompositor
-lau

ripen {* s.th.); to let (* s.th.) ripen; to

munaddad

forming

regulr

cook well, do well


p^il nadj,

(* s.th.)

string, regularly set (esp., of teeth)


j~ij

nu4j ripeness, maturity

nadara u, nadira a and nadura u {*jJ

rj-*J nudj ripeness, maturity

nadra, jjJ nudr, JjLiJ nadara) to be


flouriahing,

P-J nadlj

ripe,

mature; well-cooked,

blooming,

verdant,

fresh,

well done (food)


P*i\j

beautiful; to be bright, brilliant, lumi-

ndij ripe, mature; well-cooked,

noua, radiant II to
to

make

(* s.th.) shine;

well done (food)


~*j

make

(* s.th.)

bloom V to be verdant,

blooming, in bloasom

nadaha

{nadh)

to
(<-

wet,

moisten,

j*i nadir

flourishing, blooming, ver-

sprinkle, spray, splaah

* s.th. with);

dant, fresh, radiant, glowing

to water (* plants); to Blake, quench


(a thirst); to defend, proteot (j* s.th.);

j^> nadra bloom, flower, freshness;


glamor, splendor; beauty; health, rigor;
opulenoe, wealth

to justify, vindicate (j*


(je- for);

s.th.),

answer

a (nadh) to exude or ooze a


to aweat, perapire; to leak; to
{<-

fluid

(<-);

jLii nudr (pure) gold


_>Li*

flow over
s.th.);

with); to shed,

spl (*

nadara bloom, flower, freshness;

to efluae (* s.th.)

youthfulness; gracefulness, grace; health,


vigor

O *-LA*

naddha Sprinkler

973

o>
ALI naffa (n. vio.)

j^
j~i\j

tuuj.iT

flourishing, blooming, ver-

jump, leap

dant, fresh, radiant, glowing; gold


JUu naftst jumper; a variety of graasna"ir flourishing,

blooming, ver-

hopper;

restless, flighty,

lightheaded

dant, fresh, radiant, glowing, beautiful

^L
'

ruufaf wild

marjoram
unclean

nafaha a (nafk) to push, thrust (with the head or horns), butt III to bump ( on or
against
s.th.),

'

ntufif dirty,

jt _ .it wujll

dirty, unclean

( s.th.) VI

ram ( s.th.); to touoh and VIII to thrust or butt one

another; to struggle (with one another)

J-U nafala u
( s.o.) III

(ruujX)

to surpass, beat, defeat


( s.o.),

jJu nafh push(ing), thrust(ing), butting;


el

to try to surpass

vie,

compete, contend, dispute


to defend (je
s.o.),

Nath, a star in

the hrn of

with

s.o.);
s.o.

Aries, a Arietia (aetron.)

stand up for

(je) VI to vie with one another

Ju
dispute*

nafha

(n. vie.)

push, thrust, butt


butting, a butter

JUi

nidZ

struggle,

strife,

^Uu naRh given to

controversy, fight, battle; oontest, competition; defense, defensive battle

giu

nafih butted

<ipL*

munfaha

bullfight
;J,l;

JLiJ nli oombative, pugnacious


iLiL. mun$aia struggle, strire, dispute, controversy, fight, battle; contest, competition; defense, defensive battle
J-Jli.

jA

nfih:

V U_JI

n.

oinUi

pl. i-jUJI

-X\y nawtifr aas. skysoraper


(nojr,
SjUei nijdrr)

Ju natom u
guard

to watoh,

( s.th.)

muntyil

fighter,

combatant,
Jti nafr watoh, guard, protection

defender

^jit- nafnUtf hissing viciously, flicking tongue menacingly (snake)


{_y)

its

jU nilra watch, guard, protection


jU*> nuffr scareorow

Ui

naf u
one's

(naifw)

to take off ( a

_>U

ruj/i'r pl.

jUu n*#ar,

.I^Lj nufara'',

garment,
(je
s.o.),

clothes);

to

undress

<_ je

Lij to get undressed;

(nafw, niufw) to dwindle, wane, decline;


to fade (esp., oolor) II to take off ( a

J\y nawafir' guard, keeper, warden (esp., of plantations and vineyards), rural warden; lookout in a ship's
crow's-neat
j_,Ul;

'J nalara,

garment), Strip (je


()

s.o.)

of a garment
(

nfr

pl.

jA.\j,

nawfir' guard,

IV to exhaust, jade, make lean

keeper, warden (esp., of plantations

and

riding animal); to wear out, wear thin


( s.th.) VIII to

unsheathe (e a sword)
.Ul
anij'

vineyards), rural warden; lookout in a ship's crow's-nest


jjUU natura (syr.)

_j-

natfw

pl.

a worn,

(woman) chaperon

tattered garment
_yj njw
pl.

.Ll ano\f lean


to Bpring, jump, leap; to

Ju naffa u
skip,
Jii

{null)

JjjLi nafrn natron, esp., the native produet of Egypt which is eitracted from the salt lakes of Wftdi Notrun northwest of Cairo
_fMi

hop
naff

V to examine thoroughly, investigate


scrutinii (je B.th.); to posskl,

jumping, jump
the

JJ.I J .
(ohildren's

oarefully,

al-liabl

skipping
J.J,

rope

sess or

employ muoh

be profioient

game);

Ju

(tili)

broad jump

(^

in s.th.)

; ;

^
l

rLi

nafs, nafus well-informed,

knowl-

Orion's Belt (astron.); jL*J-t

jlk

blook-

edgeable, experienoed, seasoned, killed

ade

ring;

JlkJl

*-lj

comprehenaive;

^IL>

natdsi,

nifsi

well-informed,

extensive, far-reaching ; large-soale

knowledgeable,
akilled;
(pl.

experienoed,

seasoned,

jk- manfiq

(faculty of) speech;

man-

^-Li

nufua) a killed, ex-

ner of speaking,
eloquence; logio
illogical to ...;
|

dictum,
jl ^jkJ.1

enunoiation
^>*

perienoed physician
Li pass.

,^-J it ia

jkll

1* 'tfm aj-m. logio

nufi'a to change

color, turn pale

to be pigheaded, obstinate

Jk*
(pl.
,

mantiqt logical; dialectio(al);

UUL* mandftga)
pl.

logician; dialectician

naf', nif' pl. f\io\

anf jLi
times

ntiffi*

leather

mat uaed
board,
in

as

a tablecloth and
also

jk- minfaq
girdle

jiL.

mand^
mand^
rnge,
1

belt,

gaming

former

during executions
mLj

<k^ minfaga
pl.

pl. jiL*

belt,

nif,

nifa'

fj*!

uf'

hard

girdle ;

zone

vicinity,

ephere,
|

district, area, territory;

palate

(mil.) sector

O
JjjJ-l
i

J"^i*-Vl

<Jtk^

occupied

territory;

^LJI

al-hurf an-nit'iya the


i

ijU-l

Ukil

(Arro) the Torrid Zone, the


Jjj^Jl

sounds o,
i_*Li

and
i

(pAon.)
<JLkJ tanff,

tropica;
fields;
ulil*j

O O

ku

oil

area,

oil

nafafa u

jjji

the zodiao (oatron.);

(naff,

nafafn, LLi nifif) to dribble, trickle

Ijji-l

<ik*

m.
f'j*-

al-jauz*

Orion*s

Belt

(astron.);

<k* (Aardm) or *k
area; VjJ-'
*^*-

Lik nuf/a

pl.

Jk

nu^a/ drop; sperm

ip^ii

prohibited

^-* m

jki nafaga u (nufq, j^LJ nufq,

jk-

manltg)
{-_j

aJ-Aar&

war zone;

*ik* (Aurro)

to articulate; to talk, speak, utter


s.th.); to

free zone;

U* <k (pammd*)

dead

pronounce
to say a

(<_j

s.th.)

**Jj jki

zone

(of

radio

wavee)
;

i-eL^

Uk

(6-jfeaZima)
s.o.)

word

II to

make

(pin'iya) industrial area


(

epeak or pronounce; to gird, girdle

m. a4-4arb

field

of

fire;
;

O v\r*^ *-*^-* O *iJjS" k*


<k (mttjar*

{ s.o.)

IV to make
o.a.;

( s.o.)

speak or talk

(jfcurounyo) spherical

zone U-UaII OUikll

V to gird
question

to be surrounded

to

(mutadilatn) the two Temperate Zones;

( s.o.);

to interrogate, examine,

*ci^' Ol Jrv#Jl j*

yt

cross-examine

rada, harbiya) demitarized zone;


(* a.o.)

k*

i^lJl Bphere of influenoe

jkj nufq articulated speech; pronunciation; word,

saying, utterance; order,


|

JL',-

minfaql zonal

ordinance, decree
it

l/LJI jkJl

jJ_^

j-Ll. minjij very eloquent

was decreed by order of His Majeety


...;

JlkL-l istinfq examination, interrogation, hearing; questioning


jiLJ

that

O-U jk

(Auibn)

pronouncement

of aentence;
speechless

J-kJl jJLj dumfounded,


n/tg talking, speaking;

endowed
with

with the faculty of speech; eloquent;


Jk) nu/gt phonetic(al)
JlLi
belt
;

piain,

distinct,

clear;

endowed
in

n#$

pl.

jk

nu/uf girth, girdle


belt
;

reason,

reasonable,
(also,
j

rational

(being)

garrison
limit,

circle,

ring,

Speaker

e.g.,

parliament)

enclosure;
tent,

boundary; rnge, ex

spokesman

^UJLj

j^kUll the Arabic(lit.:

soope,

compass, sphere, domain,


|

speaking portion of mankind

those

purview; cordon

lj_ji-l

Jlk

n. al-jauz'

who pronounce the fd)

jlU ulj-- {haya*

. ; ;

07fl

P
^Uxll
l-m.)
**j

tvn) rational being; jlU

JJj conclusive

ji
to

or

[jvrjali

l-mijth,

/hali

evidence; jlU

Iv^Z sound film; Uj.

peep

through

the

keyhole;
Jlj\

UiLi newsreel
JJ^L

jlJl

unzur ba'dah see below!

mantq

pronounced,
;

uttered,

jj"

{zahrah)
II

see reverse! please turn

expressed ;
formulation

wording
|

text ;

statement

over!

to
(j,j

make comparisons, draw


between)
be equal
III
(*,

J^kJLl acoording to the

parallels
(*,
.

to

equal
to
s.o.,

text ; expressly, explicitly, unequivocally


^i-1

s.o.,

s.th.),

jjku m. al-hukm
judgment

dispoaitive por-*JI
J*
.

to

fl.th.);
(

to equalize, put
>,
. s.o.,
(

on an equal
s.th. to); to
(

tion of the

(jur.);

L,-

footing
liken,
vie,
s.o.),

s.th. with), equate,


. s.o.,

m. al-'aqd the exact terms of the oontract; jJUJI [^Ul* text of the law, legal

oompare

*,

compete, be in competition
rival
(.
(.

with

text;

4*KJI

j_jku

m.

al-kalima Uteral

s.o.);

to

argue,

debate,
(

meaning of a word
jl^I mustanfiq examining magistrate
.

dispute

with

s.o.),

point

out

to s.o. s.th.)

by way of argument or
(i_>

objeotion, oonfront

s.o.

with); to

JUi tw/o/o

u (na#) to squeeze out; to apply

superintend,

supervise

(1

s.th.)

IV to

warm compresses (* to), foment, bathe with warm water or medicated liquid
(* B.th.)

grant

(.

s.o.)

a delay or respite or

to

regard,
(*,

watch

observe

attentively
(*,

s.o., s.th.),

look closely

at

s.o.,

JjLi nafl
tion,

warm

oompress; fomenta-

at s.th.), sorutinize {*,

s.o.,

s.th.); to

lavation or

bath in a medicated

bide one's time, wait VI to face eaoh


other,

liquid
kJfti

Ue opposite; to be symmetrical
to
dispute,

(ma/A.);

argue

(with

one

natnafa to hop up and down, skip

another); to quarrel (J about), fight (J. over s.th.) ; to contend (with eaoh other)
eye,

Jti nazara
ceive

(nazar,

Jl*

majizar) to persee,

with
(*,

the
or Jl

eyes,

view,

(J for (,> to

s.th.),

contest each other's right

s.th.)
(*,
.

VIII to wait

(.

for s.o.),

regard
glance
tioe (*,
(*,

s.o., s.th.),

look, gaze,

expect

s.o., s.th.),

await, anticipate

{*, *
.

or Jf at), watch, observe, nos.o., s.th.),

( s.th.); to look closely ( at s.o.); to

or Jl

pay attention

or Jl to); to expect (* s.th.); to

envisage, consider, contemplate, purpose


(* or

on expectantly, bide one's time, y. sSS\ ,ji\ Ja\ to expeot muchof...; jj. Jf Jljj^^l (wor'i'At
look

wait

s.th.);
(Jl

to have in mind, have

tulla

faji'rin)

to set the greatest expecta-

in

view

s.th.),

put

one's

mind,

tions in s.th.

to wait, await, expect; to

direct one's

attention (Jl to s.th.); to

take up, try, hear (J a case; court), look


into a caae (j),

have patienoe, be patient; to request a


delay or respite; to ask
(. s.o.)

examine

to wait,

(* or

a caae);

keep

( s.o.)

waiting

to judge, rule, decide

(^

between two
Jmj nazar pl. jUiil anzr seeing, eyesight, vision; look, glance, gaze; sight; Out-

Litigant parties); to take care (J of s.o.),

help

(<J s.o.),
|

stand by
4_JI

s.o. (J),

look after
s.o.

s.o. (J)

ljj-1

Jii (azran) to give

look, prospect; view; aspect; appearance,

a sidelong glance, look aakanoe at


^s-Jl

s.o.;

evidence; insight, discernment, penetration; perception; contemplation ; exami-

or

i_i5Ji

(ga4iya)

to try
f.)

a case

(jur.);

u*

^Ji j

Jti (falabi

nation (j of); inspection, study, perusal;


consideration,
reflection
;

to process s.o.'s application,

take care

philosophical

of

s.o.'s

application;

-Ul i*.J

speculation;

theory; handling

(j of a

;; ;

>
matter);
trial,

976

hearing (j of a caae, in

ja nazra
of B.th.);
flections

pl.

namrdt look, glanoe;


contemplation
(Jl

oourt); supervision, control, Burveillance

Bight, view; viewing,


pl.

competenoe,

jurisdictiofi; attention, heed,

oliii (philoBophioal)

re-

regard, notice, observanee, respect, consideration, care


|

J or)

Jl \ja in

view

of,

Ja

noftra delay, postponement, de-

with a view
to, in

to, in

regard to, with reapeot


of,

ferment (of an Obligation)

consideration
of,

on the basis
jiiJL do.;

of,

due

to,

beoause

for;

y*)

jja
ic(al);

noforl optic(al); Visual; theoretspeculative

je jkJI {bi-farfin-n.) or je jkJI

jti (M-gofi
*i

n-n.) regardless of, iirespeotive of ; Jki\ ii>=

Ja

najariya

theory;

theorem;

re-

under consideration, being Btudied, being dealt with; Jl J OjJ irrespective of,
regardless of ;

flection, meditation,

contemplation
nvfar'',
f.

jia naflr

pl.

.1

ja

pl. J\!ii

j JU j
for for
. . .

in

my

eyes, in
of,

my
for

nat'ir* Bimilar, like, same, equal,


ing, corresponding,

match-

opinion;

jkJI

the

study

comparable; an quivparallel;
of, in
;

consideration,
of, for

further
,

examination
action

alent;
foll.

facing, opposite,

(with

handling
Jl

for

on

. .

gert.) in the

manner

the Barne

:U-I

jkll (AayA)

Weltanschau-

manner
copy
|

as, just like, just as

transoript,

ung; jkJI aUl

i'dat an-n. re-examina-

jia nafira (prep.) as a compenon, e.g., jia

tion, reconsideration, resuraption, retrial,

revision;

Jki\ Jl

Bation for, in consideration of, in return


for,

an-n. speculative
theoriste;
jfcjl

in

exchange

for,

for,
}f.

thinkers;
jkll or

theoreticians,

*j

\h

>JI Jj>

fareighted;

^-J
j^J

frjh jij {daf paying 50 milliemes;


his kind, people like

moliman)

on

>j\ja

people of
II

^iaar on-n. Bhortsightedness; jkJI

him; c

jia

n.

shortsighted; ^kfl oli

iiCjil

(moAtama)

aa-mml or
jici\
jjii

jJiJI

nadir (ortron.);

jyli.

the oourt of oompetent Jurisdiction; ill


Jii

(Lo
I

or) {munqafi')

incomparable;
unequaled,

l^j

(maa'ala)

an unsettled, open

^-J

unparalleled,
(its)

question, an unaolved problem;

Ja

j*

matohless, unique of his

kind
|

(man)

s.o.

noteworthy, a distinguished
responsible,
-U-l

man; the
peraon;

or

authorued,
the eye;

ijla (with

jj nafim head, foremost rank foll. genit.) at the head of


jlti naffr keen-eyed;
(pl.

Jaiii

to

catch

.jlii jlil

(aoVJra)

to let one's eyes

roam

IjUii

noj

over

...;

J jbJli

(jr-lj)

jj falling tothe

jdro) speotator, onlooker


'Jia

responsibility of,
of,

under the Jurisdiction


authority of;
or
Jl
jlfcll

na&ra

pl.

-t

Geld glase, bin(pair of)

subject to the

JjU

ocular;

telesoope,

spyglass;

Jl

JUI or jkJI

jU

ij^
give

eyeglasses, apeotaeles
pl. j\ Jia

(occasionally also

(namra) to glance furtively


s.o.

ftt

s.o.,

with Singular meaning: a pair of


|

a surreptitious look;

ja

^"Vl li

J
to

eyeglassee); (pair of) goggles


(/ariflya) or SAp-Ij

hij

SjUii

will this matter cftUs for careful study,

JjU eyeglaas, monocle

have to be oonsidered; je Jd\


take
O^Ai

Ji~

jU"'

(mu'a&ima) magnifying
ijllii

no
Jij

aecount

of,
is

disregard

s.th.

glass;

jl-LLI

n.

al-maidn

field

i-^ j* he
is

under the protection

glaas JljUii
Sjij

of so-and-BO, he

patronized by ao-and-BO
JhJi fi

nazzr&ti Optometrist; optician

Jii nifr aimilar, like; equal

nijra

supervision, control, in-

unparalleled,

unequaled,
(its)

matchleas,

u-

spection,

management, administration,
(now obBOlete)

nique of his

kind

direction; miniatry

j*
jjUli nzr field glass
J*\j

nzira adminiBtratress, directress,

J* manzar
view,
aspect;

pl.

Ji\^ manzir1 sight;


look(a),

managoress, headmistress, matron


Ji\l

panorama;
prospect,

appearance,
perspective;

nzir

and

ijill

nzira
|

pl.

Ji\ji
,>'

outlook,

nawzir* eye;

look,

glance

.o^t

an object Been or viewed, Photographie


objeot; soene (of a play); speetacle; stage
aetting, set, scenery; place

(nziraihi) before his eyea

j^liu

commanding a
watchtower
|

rnanzr Been; visible; foreseen,

sweeping
r

view;
(

lookout,

antieipated, expected; supervised, under supervision, controlled; envied, regarded

fl*

J*^

mm)

general view, panorama,

landscape, scenery;
jiya) shota

O Vrj^
(in

with the evil eye; under oonsideration


(case),

Ji^+ (kri*

on location

pending
|

(complaint,
Jl

lawsuit

motion-picture

making)

jU in a court)

5--J

JiL. (fabi'lya) scenic views,

jJl one ander su-

scenery, TandBoapes
iJiL

pervision, subordinate, underling, protege,

charge, ward, pupil;

jjiu

jj. in visible;

manzara

pl.

JiL. manzir* place

unibreseen,

unexpected;

IjjkL.

oljil

commanding a scenic view; view, Bcenery, landscape, panorama watchtower, ob;

(adawt) visual training aids; ijj(da'w) pending lawsuit;


j*\ (j (&<*&)
jjlfcll
is

j^j

servatory;

u**)\
under

gueatroom,

reeeption

room,

peraon whose case

drawing room, parlor


J*~* minzar (pair of) eyeglaaaes, spectacles; telescope, spyglass

consideration

JiL* munzir

similar, like, equal;

com(esp.,

petitor, rival, adveraary,

Opponent

jlt^ minzr

pl.

j^UL.

manzir* tele-

in a discussion); interlooutor

scope, spyglass; magnifying glass; mirror,

&

nazufa

(*>\Li

nazfa)

to be clean,

speculum, -scope
^U*.
jUi^.

(e.g.,

laryngoscope)
|

cleanly, neat, tidy II to clean, cleanse,

(mu'azzim) magnifying glass;


t-Jj

polish (* s.th.)

to clean

o.s.,

beoome

i^*l

jUiLf

(aswada)
look

to

have

clean

pessimistic

outlook,

on tbe dark

Bide of everything
_4L*

nazfa cleanness, cleanliness, neat-

nesa, tidiness

munzara

emulation,

rivalry,
alter-

Ji-l

nazif

pl.

Uu
tidy;

competition;

quarrel,

argument,

nuza/' 1 ,

jU

nizf

clean,

neat,

cation, debate, dispute, discussion, con-

well-groomed,

well-tended
i

troverey; supervision, control, inspection


aLj!

anzap

cleaner, neater

_^iUJ

tanzur

difference

of

opinion,
iJaJiJ tanzif pl. -t oleaning, cleansing
j

Bquabble, wrangle, altercation;


(math.)
jUijl

symmetry

jUtVl
intizr

i_i-kJ

manicure
feminine
II

waiting, wait; ezpeeta-

Ji nazli

(eg.) delicate,

tion

jliil
|

y$ J* unexpectedly
pl.
jliki

^i nazama
string
(

{nazm, flLj nizm) and


pearls);

to to

Jik nzir
viewer,

nuzzr

observer,
overeeer,

to put

in

order,

speetator,

onlooker ;

order (*
file

s.th.);

to array, arrange, classify,

Supervisor; inspeotor; manager, director,

(* s.th.); to adjust (> s.th.); to set,

Superintendent, administrator, prineipal,


ohief; (cabinet) minister
Jtfjlt

regulato (* s.th.); to tune (*

an

Instru-

(now obsolete)

ment); to lay out, get ready, prepare


(* s.th.); to set right, rectify, oorreot (*
s.th.); to

Ji\j

n. al-waqf trustee of a wakf,

administrator of a religious

endowment

put together, group, make up,

; ;;

1*
assemble
to stage
(* s.th.); to organize (* s.th.);

978

flkJl

intizm

order,

regularity;

me|

(*

s.th.);

to

compose

(one's

thodicalness,
llkJlj

systematic arrangement
aocurately;
(IkJl

words) metrically, poetize, versify, write

regularly,

poetry

V and VI
be
in

to be strung; to be
order,

regulr, fixed, ordered, methodical, sys-

ordered,

good

be
VIII

well-

tematio, orderly, normal


iilj

arranged,

be well-organized
to
affiliate

do.

nzim arranger;
regulator ;

Organizer,

ad(pl.

to be classified;
to enter, join

(j with);

juster ;
il_jj

versifier,

poet ;

(j

an Organization, a
pervade
(

nawzim2 )

weil, barrage {Ir.)

corporation);
s.o.,

to

permeate,

a s.th.); to

come over
(*

s.o. (), Beize,

(jki*

manzm

ordered, orderly, tidy;

befall
s.o.'s

overcome

s.o.,

* b.o.'b limbs,

metrical, poetical;

poem;

pl. -t poetries,

body

of

sentiment,

tremor,

poetical works
<*jk-.
tic

shudder, etc.)
iii

manzma

treatise in verse, didac-

nazm order; arrangement; Byetem;

poem; row, rank


J

Institution, Organization; tring of pearls;

munazzim

arranger,

Organizer

versa, poetry
jllij

Promoter, Sponsor
pl.
-t,
iiJ

nizm

nuzum,

<Ji;i

Jii*

munazzam
well-kept ;

arranged,

ordered,

anzima proper arrangement, regularity;


conformity, congruity; methodical, orOrganization;
rule,
j

kept in order, orderly, tidy; neat, welltended, ranged,


systematically
regulr
Jii*
|

ar^i^-

ganio

atructure;
;

order;

Bystematized ;

metbod

System ;

Statute,
li*

law

J* (jaii) regulr army;


ular

ji-

irreg-

System of regulations
thifl

-UiJl

J* along
fUJ

line,

in this

manner; _JU-VI
l

<*k. munazzama
Ij^JIj

pl. -t

Organization

alien Status; alien act;


{ialffiya)

Jl^yi
(jur,);

r^
|Uii

personal

Statute

Food and Agriculture Organization, F.A.O.


Lidl <*ki
(m. at-tag4iya)
Jin.

^Ul
fidi)

(assi)

(basio) constitutional law,

Statutes, Constitution; jjL*sjI >lkj {iqt

muntazim regulr; even, uniform,


|

economic System;

^jUI
;

flLi

n.
j*Uii

Bteady, orderly; methodical; systematio

al-bdiya agricultural System

^jJI

O
i_-o

:tl "-

^>^rj* [maujt) uniform waves

jbVlj

n. al-biis xoa-l-idra police

and
**Uj

(radio)

administrative System; jkJt\ oljlj*n.

na'aba a
(raven);
._iLj

(na'b,

i_

na'Ifc)

to croak,

caw

jawzt
fltt

as-safar

passport

System;
life; flkJI

{na'b) to

speed along

;U-I

n.al-hayh (way of)

J^-l^JI (ra'smli) the capitalistic

economio

u*<56 oroak(ing),

caw

(of

a ra-

System; fUl aUII {'mm) publio order;


jjj.\
|ILj

ven)

traffio

laws

^U
C~to

na"d6 croaking, cawing; ominous,

Ul-boding
i/Uii

nizmi orderly, regulr, normal;

methodical, systematic; regulr (army)


Jitf

na ata a
(,
.

(na't) to desoribe, characterize

s.o., s.th.),

tanfim

arrangement;

qualify (* s.th.)

readjustcontrol,

ment, reorganization, reform ;


regulation,
tactics;

C- na't description, qualification, char-

adjustment;

Organization
\

acterization;

(pl.

O^J

nu't) quality,

road construotion (Eg.)


control;
^liuJl

property,

attribute,

cbaracteristio;

de-

jjj\
at-t.

trafflc

iUI i'Sdat

soriptive, qualify ing word, qualifier; at-

reorganization

tribute (gram.); epithet

870

>
^i
na'aia a (na'l), II and IV to raise,
lift

JJ

na'tt deaoriptive,

qualying, qual-

i&oative

up; to rovive, reannate; to refresh,

in-

>ju man'i Substantive aooompanied

vigorate, animate, arouse, stimulate, enliven, inspirit ( s.o.)

by an attribute

VIII to rise from

fall;

to recover, reouperate from illness;

4m! na'ja
ewe

pl. na'ajt, ,-Lj ni'j

female sheep,

to be animated, be refreshed, be stimulated, be invigorated, be strengthened, revive,

come

to

now
bier

lifo

j na'ara a

'

jui na' fr, j\ nu'r) to grnt;

to ory, sersam, roar, bsllow; to spurt,

^
tlj

na'l

j^JI
n.

J*i

ob
Ursa

gush forth (blood from a wound)


ijjv

banal n. af-fugri Ursa Minor (ailron.);

na'ra noise, din, clamor, roar


nu'ra, nu'ara noss

iSj&\ lt~ ^tj Major (aslron.)


na'ia:

l>.

al-kubr

ijjv

c>^il

Im

n.

al-maut

ji

nu'ara

pl.

4t, ^*j nu'ar horaefly,

euphoria; swan song, death song

gadfly

^LmI

in'i

animation,
restoration

reanimation,
to
lifej

'S" na'ara, nu'ara pl. -it haughtiness, arroganos, pride LJJI \ji (umlya)
|

resuscitation,

re|

freshment; reoonstruetion, restoration

jingoism, ohauvinism

O jjL-^
^Lil
agitator,

^Uil

(iqlifdl)

economic boost

jU na"r noisy, uproarious, voeiferous,


olamoring,
rouaer

inti'l resurgenoe, rerival; ani-

shouting;

rabble

mation, invigoration, Stimulation, re freshment, recreation

jw

na'lr noise, din, clamor, shouting;

^jC mun'ii animating, refreshing,


vigorating, restorative

in-

bellowing, mooing, lowing (esp., of oattle)


jUi na'ara, na"ra earthen jug (some-

JuJ na'afa a (na'f, na'af,

byi

nu'j) to be

times with two handles), pot


jje\j n'r
j_t*lj

ereot (penis) IV to be sexually excited


Jl_tlJ

O hemophilia
pl.

nd'flj

exciting

sexual

desire,

nSra

sexually stimulating, aphrodiaiao

jf\ naua'ir' noria,

Feraian wheel

JJ
be sleepy, drowsy;

na'aqa a

(na'q,

j^

na'iq) to oroak,

oaw

(raven); to bleat (sheep); to ory, scream,

na' ata a

(na's) to

soreech
Jeli na'iq: jt[ij fr\i JS" all that is alive

to take a nap, to doze, slumber; to bs


dull,
listless,

slack,

stagnant

(markst,

trade) II

and IV to make

sleepy, put to

and

astir,

everybody and

his

brother,

sleep ( s.o.) VI to protend to be sleepy

every Tom, Diok and Harry


J.J na'aia

or asleep; to doze, be sleepy, feel drowsy

(na'l), II

and IV to fumish with


(. s.o., <

m na'aa doze, nap, slumber

shoes
na'ila

( s.o.),

shoe

a hone);

^U nu's Bleepiness, drowsiness; lethargy

(na'al) to

be shod

na'ila

VIII to wear sandall; to wear shoes, be

shod
sleepy,

Laj na's&n*
^*\ n&ia

drowsy
drowsy;

Jj
JpU

na'l pl.

JU

luMJ, Jjl an'ul sandal;

pl. tJ

ntt's sleepy,

shoe; horseshoe

dozing, slumbering

nS

shod; soled

jw

na'ama u a and na'ima a (*~m na'ma, jC^ man'am) to live in comfort and luxury,
lead a
life

m
km

na'am

pl.

fDI an am grazing

live-

Btock (sheep, cameis, oattle, goats)

of ease, lead a oomfortable to be


delighted
(i_*

na'ma

life

of ease, good living;

and

carefree life;

amenity, comfort; prosperity; happiness;

by), be happy, be glad

(^

about, at) t be

enjoy ment, pleasure, delight


i**j

pleased
(o* in)
;

(*->

with), delight, take pleasure

to enjoy, savor, taste, experienoe


|

ni'ma
ni'mt,

pl.

ni'am,

m\ an'um,
blessing,

(ij s.th.)

u^L

yJ (na'ima blan) to
. . .

ol(*J

ni'imt

benefit,

and confident about na'ima a (na'am) to be green and tender (twig); to be or become fine, powdery;
feel serene
;

boon,
ness
|

benefaotion,
*i>l

favor,

grace,

kind-

*ij by

the grace of God;


off,

^\j
jJI

iwJl very well

wealthy, rieh;
*i**J

na'uma u
tender,

(**j*l

nu'ma) to be
II

soft,

lill the Three Graoes; (*)


walty
factor
t*i

Jj

smooth

to

Bmooth

soften

ni'matiht

(ni'amihi)

his

bene-

(m s.th.); to pulverize,

powder

(* s.th.);

to aocustom to luxury

( s.o.); to pamper,

(J

nu'm happiness
favor,

coddle, effeminate, provide with a life

of ease

s.o.)

IV to make good, nice,


-*

Ifw'na'ffuf

good

will,

grace

oomfortable, pleasant {* or

s.th.);

to

UtJlj

l^l

(wa-l-ba's') in

good and

give
(uj

(t-*

Jp

s.o.

s.th.),

bestow, oonfer

bad dayB
i)\?J

Jp upon
toward
(j to

s.o. s.th.);

to bestow favors

nu'mdn blood

^Jl JjL anem-

(J* upon
(Jp
o.s.

s.o.),

be graciously disposed
to apply
o.s.,

one

(bot.)

s.o.);
s.th.),
|

devote

*U;

na'm

(coli.;

n. un.

pl.

fU;

with

B.th.)

take great pains (j (abhaka) iUL. il

na''im* oetrich
-jj

(zool.)

^ul (nafara) to J}\ look olosely at, scrutinize s.th., regard

good morningt

na'im

amenity,

comfort,

ease,

happiness, felicity ; gentle, tranquil, peaceful


|

s.th. attentively,

pore over
s.th.

s.th.,

beoome
live

Zi

**j

the graoe of God, the bless-

engrossed

in,

ponder
life

V to

in

ings of

God
an-na'*im

luiury, lead a to enjoy


j
(l->

of ease and comfort;

Adl
<mu

name

of several stars

s.th.)
foll.

in Sagitta (astron.)

ni'ma with
artiole

indeolinable

noun
truly,

nu'ma

softness, smoothness, ten-

with

and

nominative

ending:

derness, delioaey, fineness; finely ground


state,

what a

perfect .... wonderful


...
|

. . . !

powdery consistency

i-^*j (x-.)

j-

an exoellent
^.Lt

* r-rajutu -j J*-^' f>

jUUI from his earliest youth, since his

zaidun what an exoellent

man

Zaid

isl

tender age
jwi

v LiJl m
m
*il

n. S-Sabbu

Sabbuhum
an' am* softer

what a wonderful youth they havel


LJUM

innah

n.

l-kalilu

he

is

Ul*
*\^*

min dm munificent benefactor


mantim* favora,
blessings, boons;

wonderful friend indeedl

c*Jj

lJ fa-

bih wa-ni'mat in that ease


.1-1

it's all

right;

amenities, comforts, pleasurea, delights

jJ (fa'alia) well done!

-*J tan im pampering, coddling,

ef-

na'am yes! yes indeed! certainly!


na'amt
(colloq.) I

femination

surely! (introducing a verbal clause:) to

be sure

...;

beg your

Ul

in'

dm

act

of kindnesa,

favor,

pardonT what did you say?

benefaotion;

gift,

donation, grant, dis-

981

tinction,
'.

bestowal,

award
\

JkJ\

>Uj!

be

disturbed,

be

ruffled,

be

spoiled,

an-neuar careful examination, serious

become loathsome
,jmX* munagg'if exdting

oonsideration
f\j

n'im soft; smooth; tender;


|

flne,

powdery

^^iUI

n.

af-fufr young,

nagila a

(nagal)

to fester,

suppurate

youthful, tender; ^li

_-

{aukkar)

pow-

(wound)

J* *JS

Jil (qalbuh) to harbor

dered augar
jC*

resentment against, hold a grudge against

mun'im donor, benefaotor


and fb
na'n'

J
tard
(bot.);

nagl,

na

illegitimate child; bas-

^
^

na'na'

mint

peppermint

J- nagil
iljJJ

illegitimate child; bastard

^bJ
no'fl

na'n'i peppermint (adj.)

nula illegitixnacy, bastaxdy


*

a (na'y, na'ly, Lw na'ydn) to announoe the death ( of s.o., J! to s.o.);


to hold s.th. (*) againat s.o. (J*), reproach, blame (* na' i J* s.o. for);

fj

nagama u
to

and najjima a (naym, nagam)


;

hum
^m

a tune to sing

II

and V
pl.

do.

nagm and nagam


air,

-tut

anfim

tune,

melody; voice, part (mus., of


eomposition) ;
timbre,

to lament, wail; to deplore (* s.th.)


ifl

a
s.o.'s

contrapuntal

na"iy

one who announoes

tone color; sound, tone

death; blame, reproach


5-*J

<J nagma, nagama


b.o.'s

pl.

nagamt tone;
melody;

na'ya

pl.

na'aydi newB of

sound; musical note, tone (of the gamut;


mus,);
infleotion,

death, death notice

Intonation,

yi* man an and Ux* man'h man'in news of s.o.'s death


t

aong, chant
pl. ^Ll. ^tlil

tangum symphonia, ooncord (of

sounds)
i-ij

nagba, nugba swallow, gulp, draught


pji^t

mangum melodions

(voice)

ttxil

nagbaSa noise
(jm) [ nag u (nagw) and

JS nag

(nay)
(

jij

nagaza a (nagt) totiokle


( s.o.,

( s.o.);

topriok

to speak (Jl to
s.o.'s ear);
(

s.o.) III

to whisper

in

with a needle, or the

like); to
(<>j

sow

to talk gently, kindly, tenderly


eap.,

dissension, stir
(jli)

up enmity

between)

to

s.o.,
(

to a child); to

flatter,
(eg.)

nagaSa a (nagS, li naga&n) to be agitated, be shaken III to play ( with


s.o.),

court

s.o.);

to twitter (bird);

to

babble (chd)
lJu naffa i to

tease

s.o.),

dally, frt

(.

with

s.o.)

blow one 's nose; to snuff


(tun.)

< naffa
*JLj

pinch of snuff; snuff

nagSa

pl.

nagaJt motion; shaking

^ Lj

nugS

and ^Lo

iJiUj nafff snuffer

nug&l

very

small ; midget, dwarf


*ilu nagSa
banter, raillery, teasing,

ijj

nafa$a

(na) to spit, spit out,


discharge,

expectorate,

cough

out

(*

playfulneBs; elegance
,j*i

s.th.); to squirt

out

snake); to exhale,
II

venom; of a puff out (* the smoke;


(* its

and IV to disturb,
* pleasure, joy,
(*

rffle, spoil

(J*

of a Bmoker); to utter, voice (* s.th.); to

b.o.'s

life,

or the

like),

ezude and inspire (j

* with s.th. s.o.),


s.o.)

make loathsome

J* to

s.o. s.th.)

to

transfuse (j * s.th. into

^ na/J expectoration;

saliva, Bpittle

to

fill

lk-lJI .i- n. ai-ktifn erotio


~*Zil

poetry

tunes,
s.th.

j on

with gas (balloon); to blow (* an Instrument); to breathe


into b.o. (j), inspire (*

nafta

pl,

nafaft
pl.

expectoration;
or e-

(*)

j
J

s.o.

with) ; to inflate, puff up, elate, flush with


suoeeBB,
fill

saliva,

Bpittle;

expeotorated

with pride

( s.o.)

J>JI

jeoted matter, expectorations, disoharge,

(bq) to
(ritytAi)

blow the trumpet;

**-jj

outpourings,
vectives,

emissions,
|

effusions ;

in-

j j
AJ

aoouaations

p'tfVl

ollu

to animate, inspirit
(pratihi)

s.o.;

lit-

erary productions

tJy* j
t*-jj

to bring s.th. into


jLj

being, give birth to s.th.;

**

Uli nuffa

saliva, Bpittle

(zammrati rhihi) to rouse


l**JJl

s.o.'s

*JUl (./IM nafffa jet plane


JliJ naffil jet- (in

temper; a candle;
yu-J
up,

*iJ [Sam'a) to

blow out be blown

<SjJ> iJu (dqaihi)

to be puffed

Compounds)

become

inflated VIII to
filled

jL

jet propulsion

up, inflated,

with

air; to swell; to

SJJ naffta pl. -i

woman who
in

spits

puff up,

on the knots
rabian
tie

(in

exercising a form of

(sahruh)
hin

witchcraft

which

women

become inflated | *j& pJej\ ^-' (mashiruh) and ylungB became inflated (out of fear or
1

knots in a cord and spit upon them

pride)

with an imprecation; Kor. 113,4); aor-

jJ
flation,

nafh

blowing,

blowing up,

In-

pumping up,

Alling with air

-jL

nafaja

{nafj,

nufwj) to spring

Ujj nafajn, gjii up and take to flight


bound to vaunt,
;

i*J nafha (n. vic.) blow, puff; breath;

guatj distention, inflation, swelling; oonceit,

(game)

to Jump, leap,

overweeningness,

haughtiness

brag, boast

V to

brag, boast VIII

(ijjlT)

iiUf

*i*J

(ka4dba) self-oonceit,

nafj bragging, boasting

vainglory, bumptiouBnesa
i\i naffff flatulent
i-

Aj} naffj braggart, show-off; snob

Ui nuffk. swelling

U nfija
Container for

pl. gi\ji

naufij*

muak bag;
i*-\J

musk
uU nafahn,
^-Ui

nuffaka bladder; bubble


2 minfajf pl. ili* manfik bellows

j-ii*

nafaka a {nafh,

nufh) to spread, be diffuaed (fragrance), exbale a pleasant Bmell, be fragrant;


to blow (wind); to of
(*
(tyO,
o

*IL* minfjc
air

pl. ^-ili*

manfik* bellows;

pump,

tire

pump; blowpipe
inflatedness,
inflation;

make

s.o. ()

a present

jLJ

tanaffvjp

present (^

b.o.

with); to treat

bumptiousness, bumptious behavior


lcil intifk proceas of being inflated;
distention, inflation, swelling, protuber-

s.o.

to s.th.) III to protect, defend

(u* -th.)

UiJ
breath;

nafha

pl.

nafdhi breeze, gust;


odor; fragrance, perpresent

anoe; flatulence, meteorism (med.)


IjJI int.

j-^l
|

diffusing
gift,

ar-ri'a

pulmonic emphysema
|

fume scent;

iU nt blowing; blower; flatulent


~i+~*

i*Jc^ minfdha rennet


iJu nafaka

{nafh) to blow, puff; to breathe;


inflato,
fill

*J j'-^k l* (n. $ar7natin) there not a soul in the house


i-^jL*

is

to blow up,

with air
fill

(*

or

manfje blown up, puffed up,

s.th.);

to

pump

up,

(a tire);

inflated; swollen;

pumped

up, inflated;

; ;

paunchy,

obese,

fat;

conceited,

seif*

oharge (* a duty); to realize, implement,


oarry into effect (* a plan, a project,
ideas) ; to enforoe (* a resolution)
;

conceited, overweenig, anobbish

pz* muTitak blown up, puffed up,


inflated; swollen

to carry

through

(* a

program); to execute, carry

out (* a sentenoe;
6

against s.o.);
dispatoh,

to
for-

nafida a

(nafad, jL najd) to be ex-

transmit,

oonvey, send,

hauBted, depleted, uaed up; to run out,

ward

Jl * s.th. to s.o.)

to be executed,

come

to an end, dwindle
|

away; to be out
JJ

be oarried out
JU

of print

jwJl ,>%,

j-J

(ma'in of-

nafa4

pl.

iliJl

anfd

opening,

pabr) to be at the

end of one'a patienoe

aperture, orifioe,

hole, vent, outlet, ei-

IV and
exhaust,

to use up, consume, spend,

oape,
j LiJ

way

out
penetration,

drain,

deplete

(*

s.th.)

to

taste thoroughly, enjoy to the fll (*


B.th.)
|

naf4

permeation
effeotua-

*j

JT a-I

(hta

vms'in)

implementation,

reazation,
|

to exhauat, or avail o.s. of, every poasibility


xiu

tion; effectiveness; execution

j~mJ\ jL

penpiaacity, acute disoernment, penetration

nafda

pl.

nafadt entry (in

an
jlij

account book), booked item


aLj

naff&4 piercig, penetrating; effec-

tive, effectual;

permeable, perviouB

nafd exhaustion,

oonsumption,

j^ij

nuf4 penetration,
effect,
|

permeation
;

depletion (of stores), dwindling, wastage,

effectiveness,

action

influenoe,

waste
j^tl an-nafd
-li l>

prestige, authority

jLL* >jm (mufiaq)

Nafud (deaert in N Nejd)


oJL

fll

powere, free hand, unmited authorij'

nfid: >^JI

ty; i^ij
n. a-pabr

influential; i^ijl jLLi sphere

impatient
of
infl uenoe

JJLi

nfida void,
(ilij

vacuum
J^ nufd) to
through
s.th.),
(*,
>_>

i* manfad, manfi4

pl.

U* manfid*

nafada u

naf4,

opening in a wall, air hole, window


passage, passageway, exit; outlet;

pierce, bore (* B.th. or j*

way

penetrate

(*,

s.th.),

go or pass
(Jl
(

out, escape; entrance, access; gateway,

through
get

a.tb.);

to penetrate

into),
to)

gate; loophole, dodge;

electrode (d.)
flood

through,
(mtl.)

pass

through

Jl

O y

x~*

m. al-miyh

gate,

to break through, fight one'a

lock gate, sluice gate;


accesa to the sea

<j_^Jl JJcl\ (bahrt)

way through
get (Jl to

the

enemy (^

or j);

to

s.o.),

arrive (Jl at s.o.'s place),

4-iJ

tanf%4

canying out, implemenPerform-

reach
(Jl

(Jl s.o.);

to lead (Jl to), give, open

tation, effectuation, reazation ; discharge,

on; of a door or window); to com-

accomplish ment,

fulfillment,

municate, be connected (Jl with; of a


building, lot, premises), join; to be oarried out, be executed, be legally valid,

ance, execution ; distraint, legal execution


(7'ur.)
|

i-LJl

(jji)

j>

j
at-t.

Jrfo

(M.
into
LJl

dauri
force;

t-t.)

to

beoome
oy.

effective,

come

be

effective,

be operative, be enforoeable,

XJcd\

'aun

minor ex-

be executable, be executory; to do well


or skillfully (j s.th.) II

ecutory

offleer,

bailiff (tun.);

r*

and IV to cause
carry

qism
-LxjdJ

at-t.

executive division (of a court)


|.l*1

(* s.th.) to pierce or penetrate; to

iL li

executory

decisions,
fieri

out, exeoute, accomplish, effeot (* s.th.,


also,

preeepts, executions, writs of


(jur.)

facias

an

idea),

do, perform,

fulfill,

dis-

984

jiij fon/Wt

executory, exeoutive

ii-

oonfliot, olash; to disagree,

be incongru-

hxJcj (lajna) exeoutive oommittee


jlijl

ous, incompatible, mutually repellent

X to
s.o.

be frightened away; to
\nf34 Bending, dispatoh, convey()

call call

upon
out

to fight (Je against),

(. b.o.)

anoe,

delivery,

transmission;

carrying

to go to war (Je against)


jj nafar
pl.

out, execution, discharge, Performance


jlijl

anfr band, party,

vfid piercing, penetrating; eflective, operative, eflectual; legally valid |


IJLiLi

group, troop; troops; peraon, individual;


(m.) Boldier, private;
tive)

man

(aB

a numera-

-_el (afbaha) to become operative,


effective,

become
<_i

oome il (hukmu) the Bentence will be oarried out, has legal force JI
jil)
j

into force (law);

IJu nafra aversion,


antipathy
jjii

diBtaate, dislike,

n.

alkalima

influential,

powerful;

JiLi

nufr
(of

shying,

night;

bolting,

J^ull valid, effective, in force; JiU


(omr) strict Order
Slj
in

j-\

Btampede

an

animal);

aversion,
alienation,

distaste, dislike, displeaaure,

nfia pl.

\y nawffi opening
window;

estrangement

wall, air hole;

wicket

jJ

nafr

shy,

easily

frightened,

O jA^I
braaure \>.

:i> n. al-ifiq loophole,

em-

soary, fearful, timid; reticent, difndent,

bashful, ooy, reserved

munaffid
|

executant,

exeouter,

executioner

.jll
;

it> m. al-wafiya
minor ex-

jj nafir pl. jUil anfr, !>l anfira band, party, group, troop; departure into
hattle;
call

exeoutor

(;r.)

JJ* 'oy- ('avn)


bailiff (tun.)

trumpet

(le

jji frn) general

ecntory offleer,
Xfci

to arms, levy en masse; general

alarm
mutanaffi$ influential
jjili

nfra

pl. pl.

jjl> now/lr" fountain

jii nafara

(.jjii

nufr, jL nifir) to

shy, bolt, Btampede (animal);

(nafar)

\jy naufara jj

j\y

nauifir' fountain

to

flee,

run away; to have an avereion


distaste
(

tanfir estrangement,

alienation,

(> to), have a


ehun,

j* for); to avoid, >.


B.th.),

repulsion, deterrence

eschew

(je

or

keep
(je or

il^ ianfur mutual aversion or repulsion, disagreement, diBunion, diasension, oonflict, trife, inoongruity, disoord

clear (je or ,> of),

tum away,

flee

j from)
to);

to hurry, rush, hasten (J or Jl

(jjii nufr) to swell, bulge out,

protrude, jut out, Btick out II to Btaxtle, frighten, soare away, chase away, drive

J\l nfir

pl.

jii nafr, nuffar fleeing,

fugitive, shy, fearful, timid;

having an

away

s.th.);
(

to

fill

(.

s.o.)

with an

aversion

j. to) or a distaste (j for);

aversion

j- to), arouse a distaste (j*

swelling, protuberant, bulging, protruding, projeeting, jutting out; relief-like, in


relief;

in s.o. for),
s.th.),
s.o.

make loathsome
estrange,

>
(

to

s.o.
.

alienate,

deter

(j.

three-dimensional,

3-D

(film)

from),

spoil s.o.'s (.)

pleasure

,>

in),

jiu
lent

mimaffr, munfir repulsive, repel-

make
avoid
s.o.),

( s.o.)

disaatisfied (j. with) III to

(, s.o., s.th.),

keep away
(

(.

from
to

have an aversion
(
s.th.),

to

s.o.);

jJ no/tuo (no/M, ^L
jSta) to

nifa,

Ul

na-

contradict
(

be

inoompatible

be preoious, valuable,

priceless;

with)

VI to avoid eaoh other; to

nafim a (na/w) to be sparing, niggardly

er**
with
a.th.);

(l->

(<-LiJ

nafaa) to envy,

own
what

begrudge

(*

J*

s.o.

a.tb.);

nafisa a

aecord; ,jJ jwj J_j ^i o oj#j L I had promised myself; iJJu

and

pass. nufiaa
II

(^Uj m/&) to be
to relieve (je
a.o.

in

j*y\ n, al-amr the esaence of the matter,

childbed
reassure
s.th.,

to cheerup,comfort, appeaae,
a of

the nature of the affair; *^l\

iJ

J the

( s.o.);

thing

itself;

the same thing, the very

esp.,

of

sorrow,

carea),

dispel,

thing; ^Jci\ J* a&yi


(tja)

and tr ili
self-reliance ;

iJI

banish (je

s.o. 's

* worries, anxieties);

self-confidence,

Jij

to air (je one'fl Beeret feelingB), give vent


(je-

uJLi\
ing

bi-Siqqi n-n. or ^-iVI

^pj (followdif-

to one'a emotione), uncover, reveal,

VI...V)

with
,j-iJl

(the
j**-*

greatest)

voiee, get off one'a ehest, get out of one's

ficulty, barely;

base-minded,
self-

System

abreact

je

one 'a auppresaed


de-

low-minded; u-jL}\ .j-i* unselfish,


lesa,

desires, frustiations, fears, etc.); to


flist

altruistic;
(

riJl

1* 'im

an-n. pay-

(je

from),

cease (jp doing a.th.);

chology; ,jJd\
,j-iJl
Lrf-

jS

high-minded, proud;

pasa.

nufsa

to get lost

(je to

s.o.);

mahabbat an-n. amour propre,


l>riJIj

to let out air, leak; to be in childbed


III

selfishneas;

^-iJl

J-b

to

make
all,

to compete, vie (je

with

s.o. in);

every conceivable
give

sacrifice, saerifice

to

compete,
try

fight,

struggle
desire

(J*

for),

up

all

one'a posseasiona
spiritual,

aeek,
strive,

to obtain,

be out (J*

for),

(J* a.th.), aspire (J* to)

lS^J

nafsi

mental, psychi|

o(al)

(pl. -fin)

psychologist

to breathe, inhale

and exhale; to take


ol_rJ-l
to

iSJd\ J-UjJI

breath, pause for breath, have a breather,

psychoanalyBis; <rJ <JU- state of mind,

mood
i~-J

have a break, take a


Iji
I

reat

^J
nafsiya

(al-hamrti

l-mulima)
t

heave

mental

life,

inner

life,

painful aighe; .1-U-JI


fiigh

JcS (fiu'ad'a) to _r
relief,

psyche; frame of mind; mentality, mental


attitude, disposition; psychology
,jJu

deeply; to breathe a Bigh of


again;
_r-VI

breathe

^-idl

^JcJ (naa

nafas

pl.

^LjI

anj&s breath;

fasa) to be at one's last gasp, be dying;

whiff; puff (from a


cigarette);

smoking pipe, from


gulp,

*^-'

Cf-

r^
j

(hayh) to breathe one's

swallow,

draught;
liberty,
,j-JL}\

last, die

TI to rival, compete, vie, confor,

style

of an

author;

freedom,
|

tend (J*
^jmJ

in a.th.)
pl.

convenience, discretion
to the last breath;
nufs,

^-Vl

J-

nafs

f.,

^jii
apirit,

iJ

iJ

J ji enough to
l

Blake the thirat; refreshing (drink);


,j-Jd\ <jiq

an/ua soul; psyche;

mind;

life;

jrJ

an-n. labored breathing, asthma;


tj-ii

animate being, living creature, human


being, peraon, individual {in thia aenae,
his

*_>>*'

own

_j

he acts aecording to

deHirea; i}j*\ j. ,jJ

maso.); easence, nature; inclination,


ing,
seif

C-j'I

(am*
ijh-1

lik-

rika)

you can do

as

you please!

appetite, desire;

personal identity,

<-Ll
<-UJl

(anfsah) to hold one's breath;

(uaed to paraphrase the reflexive


see

c~J\i (anfsuh) to give

up the

pronoun;

examples below)
in
I

<_ij

ghost

he himself; peraonally,
L-j-i

peraon;

j*
(n.

we
in

ourael vea ;
reaJity,

j V

crij
in
in
.u*

iii nujaa

respite, delay
pl.

-amr)
*lj]l

actually,

fact;

L- nafs' 2
in childbed;
t_jl

^I^j nawj?

fl

confined,

uJu

do. ;

-+AI

their

woman

in childbed

own

opinion;

(*-ij)

<iJ j* J.U- he

nafsni
(/*'&&)

psychic(al),

mental
|

himself came to me, he


to see

came

peraonally

ijL

-_i

psychiatry;

jLJj ^^

me; *_ j*

U-

he came of his

psychiatrist ;

JL JU paychologiat

er*

986

O v *
1

nafgnfya payehology

^_^ii*

manfi

puffed

up,

inflated;

^UJ

ruffled, bristling; disheveled (hair); fluffy

nifs parturition; delivery, ohild-

birth, confinement,

acoouohement

(hair,
j

wool)
s.th.),

child|
i

bed, Puerperium; see also below

y-

^LLII

humm

n-n. or

V'U;

Ju nafatfa u (nafi) to Bhake {*


off ( jp a B.th. from), off (* s.th.); to

shake

puerperal

ahake out, dust, dust

fever, ohildbed fever

knock the ashes from a


to

i^Uj nafsa preciouBneas, costliness

cigarette
(fever);

(*)

make

s.o.)

shiver

u {^JjX

nu/fltf)
|

to recover,

r*ij

no/i* precious, coBtly, valuable,

reouperate (j* from)


(kasaia) or

J-&I c* ^iJ

priceless
L-j-

*LS jU
lit.:

^i (gubra

kw
*Ju
its

nafisa

pl.

j-jL

naf''

gern,

salihi) to

shake otf one's lazinesa;


to

objeot of value, precioiw thing

#jLi
dust,

(gubrah)
i.e.,

shake

off

^uL. man/as
l

pl. ,jJL

man/u" breath-

to have reached the end of, be


*^ll

finished with;

<*

ing hole, air hole, valve

iJ

(hamma) to
Bhed
one's

shake
(

off

one's

sorrows,
-*)

rxjcJ

ton/t airing, Ventilation

anxiety; jljj^l
aurq) to gamble

^m

{la'ibi l-

ILJli*

munfasa
(also

pl.

-<W
;

emulation;
ath-

away

at cords; c^j
s.th.,

oompetition
letio

com.)

rivalry ;

^1 ^
shake

tjj

(yadah, amr) to chuck

event, contest,

match
(also

off s.th., rid o.b. of, refuse to


Jj

have
C

anything to do with; j^i

j*

aj_

^lii nifs emulation ; competition


com.); rivalry; athletio

to break with

b.o.,

dissociate o.a. from,

event,

oontest,

go back on

b.o.

II

to shake violently,
(* a.th.)

matoh

shake out, dust off


tcmajfus respiration

IV to uae up

uJl3
,jiij

completely, exhaust (* provisiona, stores);


to be devoid of all means, be reduced to
j

tanaffuA :

^-ij

Wr

(ja^**)

poverty, be impoveriahed, be depleted;


to shake off (j*
s.o.

respiratory syBtem

from); to remove,

^Lj
valry;

tanfus mutual compstition,


figbt,

ri-

diamiss (jp
off,

* s.o.

from) VIII to be shaken


ehake; to shudder,
|

struggle

(J*

for)
|

^UJ

be dusted

off; to

jj-*- (Aayaurt) struggle for existence

shiver, tremble

(,> with)

Uilj
l

_r

i^l

^L.
^frr-

munfis competitor; rival

{wqi(an)
feet

to

jump

up,

jump

to

one'B

mutana#iM

place

to

breathe
iJ

freely; breathing space, free acope (for


a.th.),

^ju nafa4 that which

is

ahaken off or

free atmosphere;

relief,

eaoape,

fallsoff

way out
^p nafaia u {na) to teaae (* wool); to
swell

^j nafcufi:

'<***>

**l*

deeiduous

forest, leafy forest

out,

puff up;

to swell,

become
to

<*j

nafatfa

scouting

party,

recon-

b wollen; to rffle its feathers (bird) II

naissance patrol
~<j

oomb
bristle

or card (* cotton)

to puff up,

become

inflated; to rffle the feathers,

nufa^a ague
naf4 ague

fit,

feveriah ahiver feverish shiver


is

the hair VIII do.

^Lb

fit,

JJ nafai wool
naffS a variety of large lemon

<^Uj nuffa that which


or falls off

shaken off

^L

987

i-i_i;

nafifa pl. jiTl

na/Suf

aoout-

yield of a utilizable thing or of a right,

lng party, reeonnaiaaanoe patrol

produce; intereat; public eatabliahment,


publio-aervioe faoility
|

minfaf aieve; winnow

(<r-

JS)

*l <li

UtJL.
aahtray;
olealier

minjwfa
feather

pl.

^L.

('mma,
laiktyia?
oilitiea,

'ummlya)
apeoif.,

publio-service

fa-

duater;

property aet aaide, or


publio
uae;

vacuum

available,

for

<j*

*fli

(jiWfyo) aanitary
,ji\jei\ intijif

faoilitiea

ahaking, ahiver, hudder,

ti=il init/d* uae,

tremor

employment,

utiliza-

tion, ezploitation, uaufruot; benefit, ad-

v>Uul
tremor

intifsfa (n. Wo.) ahiver, hudder,

vantage, profit, gain


j>U
iuJJT

uaeful,

benefioial,

advanta-

Jui nafl naphtha, potroleum

geoua,

profitable,

uaable,

aervioeable;

wholeaome, aalutary

J* nafft of naphtha, aoaked In naphtha; oil-, petroleum- (in oompounda)


|

Uli nSfia publio worka


miniater of publio -worka

UiLJI

_,jj

JJ ^Ua*

(mifbh)

oil

lamp

Lii nafta bliater


'LJu

*z* muntajC beneficiary, usufruotuary

nujafa

Irritable,

touohy,

thin-

akinned; hot-temperad
J*l4 munaf/if bliatering,

jiJ najaqa

u (jUi na/dj) to

seil well,
;

find

veaioatory

a ready market (merohandiae)


briak,

to

aotive (market);

be

najaqa and

^i' nafa'a a (na/*) to be uaeful, benefioial,

naflqa

[najaq) to be uaed up, be spent,


(atorea, proviaiona,

advantageoua, be of uae
help
( a.o.);
|

to

s.o.), avail,

run out

to be uaable, to do, aerve


useleaa, of

exhauated;

nafaqa
.ji jili

money), be

u (3jJ nufq) to
II

(J for)
utilize,

jij y

no uae

II to

die, periah (eap.,


III

of an animal)

to

aell

turn to uae, put to uae (

a.th.);

to disaemble, diBaimulate, play the


|

to uae ( a.th.),

make

uae ( of) VIII to


to good aocount,

hypoorite

(oVjinJroAtl)

to aot

turn to advantage,

tum

oontrary to the diotatea of one'a oonacienoe

put to uae,
take
(i> or

utilize,

un

(^. or
o.a.,

a.th.),

IV to apend, expend, lay out,


(J

advantage,

avail

make

uae

diaburae

money

for);

to uae up,

of); to profit, gain, benefit (,>


a.th.); to

oooaume, apend, exhaust, waate, aquander, dissipate ( a.th.); to apend, pasa (

or

v by = II
fJu

enjoy (,> or

a.th.)

time) ; to provide J* for a.o., eap. , for (


uae, avail, benefit, advantage,

a.o.'e b.o.),

naf

meana of aupport), Bupport (J*


bear the oost of
a.o.'a

profit, gain;

good, welfare

(J) maintenanoe
teil

jMJ

na/'I out for one'a

own advantage,

V J. LaC jiZ
a
fib

(W-tttfiiortn) to

a.o.

aelf-intereated, selfiah; profiteer


for)

to apend, waate (J* *

money

^Lii naff

very uaeful, of good uae

J
%jii

nafaq

pl.

jUil anfq tunnel, Under-

natu'

pl.

nn/u* very uaeful,

ground paaaageway
<u nafaqa
pl. -dt, JLii

of good uae
nifq expenae;
Sii.

man/a'a

pl.

jli, mani/T' uae,

oost; outlay, expenditure, diabnraement;

avail, benefit; benefioial uae, uaeful Service;

ooat
(J*I.

of

living,

maintenanoe,

aupport;

advantage, profit, gain;

(lal.

Lato)

Law) adequate aupport,

eap.,

of the

*y>
charitable gift, handout (to the
|

988

wife;

card, disclaim, disavow, deoline, refuse,

<X> Jp at b.o.'s eipense; J-l* oLiiJl inexpensive, oheap

poor)

disallow (* s.th.); to exclude, preolude


(* B.th.); to

negate {gram.) III to hunt,

ohase, pursue, traok

down

b.o.);

to

jUi

nafq brisk trade, good buaineas;

exclude, preolude (* s.th.); to contradict


(*
s.th.),

Balability (of

a oommodity)

be contrary (* to); to be

in-

JIL. minfq Bquanderer, wastrel, spendthrift, profligate

oompatible, be incousistent (* with) VI to

iL. munafaqa hypoorisy, diaimulation, diaaemblanoe

be mutually exolusive or oontradicting, oanoel each other out, be incompatible


VIII to be baniahed, be exiled, be expelled; to be refuted,

be disproved, be

jL

nifq

hypoorisy,

diasimulation,

controverted, be oontradioted, be denied

dissemblanoe
JLijl infq

to

fall

off,

fall

away, be dropped, be

spending, expenses, outlay,

omitted, be absent, be nonexistent


rejeot

to

expenditure, disbursement

as

worthless,

useless,

unaccept-

able (* s.th.)

ji nfiq Belling well, easily marketable, in demand (oommodity)


jiL.
ji

Ii

nafy expulaion; bani&hment,

exile,

expatriation ; ejection, ousting, eviction,

munq

hypoorite, disaembler

ostraoism; deportation; denial, diolaimer,

T and
(specif.,

Till to do

more tban

is

required

diaavowal, repudiation, disproof, ref-

by duty or

Obligation, to supererogate

utation, rebuttal; refusal, rejection, dis-

allowanoe,
prayers, oharity, or the lue)
{gram.)
Ja;
speoif.,
|

prohibition,

ban ; negation

JJl

^*y

Aof/ an-n. partiole of


li

nafi aupererogatory Performance,

negation [gram.);

i*Li witness for the


/. itftt)

a work of supererogation
nafal pl. JLiJl anfl,

defense (as opposed to oLj! Ja Li


nuf-l,

Ja)

J>

^
Jj

nafyl negative

ilLu nifl

booty, loot, spoil; present

nay

denied; rejeoted, disoarded

Jj nafal olover
Lij

na/d*, IL nafh

and

*j\Ju

nafica

UU

njiia

pl.

Ji^J

nawfiP super-

s.th.

disoarded as worthless or uaeless;


waate, scrap,
offal,

erogatoiy performanoe; work of aupererogation;


spoil
|

drosfl, refuse,

sweep-

gift,

present;

booty,
-qaul)
it

loot, ings,

ul J>Ul

>
.

garbage

(n.

goee
AJu

without aaying that

nufya

pl. -dl B.th.

disoarded as

worthless or useleas; remnant, remains;

JCju nafnaf

pl.

Ju\J nafnif* air, atmofloliff

disoard, caatoff; reject, throwout; dross,


refuse,

phere; steep hillaide, preoipitoua

waate,

scrap,

offal,

Bweepings,
(biol.)

J>jJu nafnaf
{jj

(fr.)

a woman's dresa
(na/tc)

garbage;
Ji.
exile;

cAAJu exoretions
pl.

and Jj) Ui na/d u


(je-

and Ji na/

manfan

Jb- manfin plaoe of

banishment, exile

i (nafy) to expel, ejeot, oust, ostraoize,

exolude

or ^*

s.o.

from), remove,

b*

munafh contradiotion,

incom-

eviot, baniah, exile, expatriate ( b.o.);

patibility, inoonsiatenoy

to deport
rebut,

s.o.);

to refute, disprove,

JiLj tanfin mutual inoompatibility


.Uiil intift?

controvert,

repudiate

(*

s.th.)

to deny (* B.th.); to rejeot, diemiB, dis-

absence, lack

Ji. manfly turned down, denied, rejected, discarded; negated, negative; banished, exiled, expatriated; deported
iJiU*

yndioate;
Jl^li *jUj n.

trade-union,

labor

union

al'Umml trade-union, labor

union
(jUj niqdbi oooperative; syndioaatio;

munfin inoompatible
%

syndicalist; trade-onionist

Ji naqqa
oackle,

(j_ naqlq) to oroak (frog); to

duck

(hen)

\j

niqbiya

Byndioalism ;

trade-

unionism

jj naqqq aurly person, gruff man,


grumbler; griper, oarper, faultfinder
i_--lj

naqtb

pl.

Li nvqaba* 1

leader,

head, headman ; direotor, prinoipal, ohief

j naqqqa

frag

ohairman of a guild; president; Byndio,


oorporation lawyer; (m.) oaptain (army),
lieutenant (navy) (Eg. 1939

J- nofff croaking, oroak; cackling,


cackle
1

tongue of a balance
i

Jl^ilM

and .A.R.); i_ v V head


i

rJu

nagaba

(naqb)

to

bore,

pierce,

of the Alids, head of the desoendants of the Prophet


i-OJ
spirit,

perforate, breaoh (* s.th.),

make a
drill

hole

or breach (* in), punch or


(*

a hole

naqiba

pl.

v-JUi

naqXib* soul,

through); to dig, dig up, dig out,

mind,

intellect; natural diBposition,

excavate, hollow out (* s.th.); to traverae

natura, temper, charaoter


*_JL*

(J a country), paaa, travel (j through);


to
inquire,

ask,

look,

searoh (je

for),

manqib, minqab and 5JL. man*


<_JU*

examine thoroughly, investigate, explore,


searoh
into,

qaba
defile,

pl.

manqib* mountain

trail,

delve

into ;

naqiba a

paas

(naqab) to be perforated, be fll of holes


II

*-.-*!*

minqab and

i-JL*

minqaba punoh,

to drl (je for, e.g., for

oil)

to

examine

perforator, drill; lanoet


<_JLu

thoroughly, study, investigate


penetrate, delve, search
(je-

(je- s.th.),

manqib 2

virtues,

outsbanding

into), look,

searoh

traits; glorious deeds, feats, exploits


(je-

for);

to travel

(j through)
s.o.)
(je-

III to vie in virtuos (

with

V to
s.th.),

*_--lJ
oil);

tanqib pl. -dl drling (esp., for

examine, Btudy, investigate


look, search
(je-

digging, excavation; investigatton,

for);

to veil her face


fll

examination, inquiry, searoh, exploration,


reaearch
*-.-*!*

(woman); to be perforated, be
holes VIII to put
face

of

on a

veil, veil one's

munaqqib investigator, researcher,

Bcholar, explorer
PiercB

wJ naqb digging, excavation;


ing,

Perforation;

i_J*Jl

an-naqab
Israel)

Negev

(desert

region

in

(pl.

._jll

angab,

S
j

_jUj niqb) hole,

opening, breach; boring,

bore; tunnel
<-j\ju

naqaha a (naqh) to prune, lop


trim, clip (* s.th.) II do.
;

{* a tree),

naqqb punoh
niqb
pl.

to review, revise,

read over carefully, oorrect (* a writing),


^_jUJ

i^Ju

nuqyb,

"*J\

anqiba

improve, polish, renne (the style) IV to


oheck, go over, re-examine, revise, correot
(* s.th.)

veil

je

*_jLcJ1 JfclT'

to uncover, reveal,

disclose B.th. *Aju niqba pl. -t oooperative society;

^JcSianqlh cheoking, (re-)examination;


revision; oorrection

union,

aasociation,

guild;

oorporation;

090

jJu

naqada u (naqd) to pay in caah


s.o.

(*

to

ili! inq4 deliveranoe, salvation, aaving, rescue; salvagjng, recovery; relief

s.th.);

to peck (* at); to examine

critically (* a.th.); to oriticize (*

for) III to call to

account
s.th.)

{ e.o.)

J* s.o. IT to

SULlJ

istinqdtf deliveranoe, salvation,

saving, reeoue; salvaging, recovery; relief

pay
(*

(*

to

s.o.

Till to oritioize

s.th.),

find fault
(*
to),

(* with),
(*

take exof);

xL* mvnqid. reacuer,


jju

aavior, deliverer

oeption

disapprove

to

naqara u (naqr) to dig; to pieroe, bore,


hollow out, excavate (*
a.th.),

show up the ehortcomings (J* of s.o.), criticize (J* s.o.); to reoeive payment
in caah

make a

oavity or hole (* in); to out, oarve (


s.th., eap.,

atone or wood); to engrave,

J naqd
cash,

criticism;

(pl. jjii

nuqvd)
coina,

inscribe (J in); to peck

up
;

{* a grain; of

ready money;
l-l

pl.

specie,

a bird) to peck
;

{ at s.o.)

to strike, bang,

change;

in oash; for caah, caah


for caah, caah

down

Jb
oJI

in cash;

down; 3jj
paper

knoak, rap (J* at, on); to drum (* on s.th.); to snap one's fingere; to offend,

waraq

an-n.

banknotea,

annoy, vex, hurt, insult,

revile,
(

malign,

money;

a^JI iil*-

ohange purse

defame

{* s.o.),

caat a alur
(

on

s.o.),

make
jjjj naqdi monetary, pecuniary; nu-

insinuations

against s.o.);
s.th.);

to

inveatigate,

mismatio, of coin; cash (adj.)


(tadafcfcum)

j-tfj

j%Ju
a
(naqar)

examine (j*
to
at)

naqira
annoyed,
up
(*
a.th.)

be
II

offended,

Inflation ;
fine

j-ij

I j*-

(jazd*)

a monetary
liJJ

mTed (J*
III

to peck, peck

a.th.); to inveatigate,

examine (j*

naqdiya ready money, caah

to have

an argument, to quarrel,
(*

alij

naqgd

critic;

reviewer
oritio,

wrangle, bicker
oaver,
jjj

with

s.o.)

IjUj naqqda

naqr

excavation, hollowing out,

captious

oarper
oJii*

carving out, engraving; hollow, oavity,


hole; snap(ping) of the fingen

manqad
minqd

(eg.)

brazier
jj

naqir

annoyed,

offended,

hurt,

jli..

pl.

-uL. manSqid* beak,

miffed
ijjj

bl (of a bird)
ilijl intiqdpl. -fUobjeotion,exoeption;

naqra
rap;

pl.

nagarSt

blow, knock,
plnok(ing)
(of

bang,
strings)
Ijjj

drumbeat;

critioism, censure, reproof, disapproval;

review, critique
oSl!

nvqra

pl.

jll

nugar, jLil niq&r


hole;

nqid
critio

pl.

-n,

i\J

nvqqd,

i-ii*

pit,

hollow,

oavity,

depreaaion;

naqada
jJcl*

orbit,
critic

eye socket; neck furrow, nape


niqra
biokering,

muntaqid

jii

wrangle,

ar-

xi* muTtto^tuf blameworthy, reprehenaible, objectionable,

gument, quarrel
jlJ

exceptionable
to
deliver,

naqqr oarver, engraver

<^

rlX\ jUU
a per-

n. al-baSab
Ijj

woodpecker
pl.

(tool.)

na^otfa

(naqi)
s.o.

save,
4jjLJ

rescue

{<>

from);

naqida a

nuqqriya

-i

(eg.)

{naqad) to be saved, be reaoued, save


o.a.,

cuasion inatrument reaembling a kettle-

escape IT to deliver, aave, rescue

drum
jJu naqir tiny Spot on
utterly worthleas thing
|

(i>

s.o.

from);

to

salvage,

recover

a date

pit;

an

{* s.th.)

IT

jJu

^jj-J

tfi*

001

t^*
raiae

l yujdi

Sarw

n. it

won't help the leaat


all;

an objection

(* to), raise

a protest

bit, it

won't get you anywhere at


Ulf.

(* againat); to hear,

examine, interrogate

-5*

cfjj-i

he haa absolutely

nothing, he hasn't got a red cent to bis

name; jJ Vj
the least

J^
pl.

V nothing at

all,

not

( a.o.; j'ur.) VI to carry on a diepute, to debate (j about) VIII to extract, pull out {* a priok or thorn)

little bit

lt* na
ijJ naqlra jUi
_/J naqd'ir* corvette

pl-

J^j nuqUi painting,

picture, drawing; engraving; inacription;

naqqra amall drum having

sculpture, figure
,j2Li;

hemiapheric body of copper or wood

naqqi painter; house painter;

j^U
'jy

i&Tr pl. jjSly nawqir* (Koranic)

artist; aoulptor

a wind Instrument

UUi
prattle,
idle

niqa {art of) painting or sculp-

naqra

(eg.)

talk,

ture

rigmarole

,j&* minqai
pl.

pl. pl.

^II. manqii*
jiJU- manqiP
argument,

chisel ohiael

jUi. minqr
bill

^JL manyir* beak,

(jiliiib-.

minqi

{of a bird) ; piokax

munqaSa

contro-

IyL*

munqara

bickering,

wrangle,

veray, diepute, debate, diacuBaion; contestation, oppoaition, objection, protest

argument, quarrel
jiii

nqira

pl.

^I_^

nau&pr*

bickering,

,ji

Uj

niqi

argument,

controversy

wrangle, argument, quarrel; misfortune, calamity


lj^ij'

dispute, debate, diacussion

^j*-* manqi colored, dappled,


naqraxn
ni'yrw
(eg.)

varie-

small

drum; drummer
and ezperienced

gated;

painted;

engraved;

aculptured;

inacribed
^-ji'

gout;

flkilled

(physician)
^riji* niqris skilled

^U- munq
and ezperienced
disputant

Opponent in a dispute;

(physician)
jjl

P** naqapa u
(naqz, jUJ niqz,

{naqt,

L*i)
leas,

nuqpn)

to

naqaza u

deorease,
IjJL' tiaqa*

beoome

diminish,

be

tn) to bound, leap, Bkip,

hop

II

to rock,

dandle

a childj

diminished, be reduced (* by an amount; of a number); to decrease, diminish,


lessen, reduce,

im paar
B.th.),

(*

s.th.),

preju(*,

ji naqza Jump, leap, start

dice {*,

s.o.,

be prejudicial

^ji nqs

pl.

^r-Jl^
bell

nawqW

(ohurch)bell
in

to),

detract

(*,

from); to lower, peg

gong; hand

(used, e.g.,

Coptio

down

{* a.th.); to

be deficient, lacking,

liturgy); bell jar, globe

incomplete, insufflcient, inadequate, defective,

faulty,

imperfect;

.^1

ui;

utZ Jiaqaia u {naqS) to variegate, make many-colored, daub with


coiors,

dapple, various
to

(Sai'u)

he lacked, needed the thing, waa


to
fall

in

want of the thing;


lesa,

Bhort (j* of),

bedaub
J* on,

(*

s.th.);

to

paint;

be

be lower ( j* than)
Lrt-*

^kJ
13

UL

chisel, sculpture, (a a.th.,

carve out; to engrave to engrave;


(

'^'j

('Ttian,

fahran)

yeara

in) II to paint;

to Bculpture III to argue, dispute


b.o.); to diecusa (> a.th.);

with

II and IV to deorease, diminish, lessen (* a.th.) ; to reduce, lower,

minus one month

to debate (* a

peg down

(*

s.th.);

to curtail, cut (*

queation); to criticize (* s.th.), object,

s.th.) III to invite bids (* for

project,

o**
etc.,

so

aa

to

determine

the

loweat
di-

^Ju naqatfa u (naq4)

**>

destroy, demolish,

bidder)

VI to deoreaae gradually,

tear down, wreck, raze (* s.th.); to tear apart,

miniah slowly, grow leas or smaller by


degreea VIII to deoreaae, diminish, be-

take apart, undo

(*

s.th.);

to

break, violate, infringe {* s.th., eap., a

eome
to

lese; to

wane; to impair, diminish,


|

oontraot or similar legal Obligation); to


cancel, abolish, repeal, abrogate, revoke,
nullify, declare void,

lessen (* s.th.)

*jJi

j*

*j\ (qadrihX)

disparage
s.o.

s.o.,

detract

from

s.o.,

annul (*

B.th.);

to
to
|

degrade

to ask for a reduotion {*


fl.th.)

invalidate,

refute

(*

a suspioion);

of B.th.); to find (*

deoreased, de-

quash, resoind, reveree {* a aentenoe)

fioient, short, defective,

imperfect, inferi-

yj\

(j^J (wal'a) to
kJ

renounoe allegiance,

or; to discover the absenoe (* of), miss


(* s.th.) *iJ

to revolt;

*Jj

l yunqatfu irrefu table;

incontestable,

irrevoeable III to be in
(* with),

_r

naq deorease, diminution; def-

disagreement

be contradictory,

icit, loss,

damage; wantage,
(j of);

lack,

want,

oontrary, opposite (* to), contradict (*


s.th.),

Bhortage

gap, blank, Omission;

be incompatible, inconsiatent (*

defect, Bhortcoming, failing, fault, blemish; deficiency, imperfection, inferiority


|

with) V to be destroyed, be demolished,

be torn down, be wrecked, be razed; to be broken, be violated


disintegrate,
;

to be

undone to
;

-l^ll

,_^*ij

failing birth rate; ,j*m --0*

muraklcab n. inferiority complex

decay,

fall

down,

break
off,

down,
LaJ nuqpn

coilapae; to disappear,

wear

= ^am

naq?

fade away, die

away VI to contradiob
mutiny, rebel, revolt

<^lJj naqifa pl. ^^jLJ naq'ig' short-

each other; to be mutually excluaive


VIII

coming,
,_,..'"

failing, fault, defect

V; to

rise,

tanqip

diminution,

lessening,

decrease, reduotion, lowering


c^ili*

(Je against); to attaok (J s.o.), take the field, go to war (J* against s.o.)
t

mundqafa
to

pl.

-t

oompetition

_r

*ii

naqi

destruotion,

demolition
in-

breach,
(for

violation,

infringement ;

to determine the lowest bidder, public


invitation

fraction, offense; refutation, in Validation;

submit bids
to bidders;

public

veto
of

(pol.)

oontradiction,
]p-l
|

logical
n.

in-

works),

notice

award

oompatibility
re versal

^-

al-hukm
t

contract to the lowest bidder

of a sentence; p^LJl

_r

n.

^Ujl
crease,
^jaJUJ

inqf diminution, lessening, dereduction, lowering, curtailment

as-salm breach of the peaoe ; jil


l*ly^/lj

Xrf-

mahkamat

an-n. wa-l-ibrm Court

tanquf decrease,

diminution,

of Cassation [Bg.); *-**


(it is)

j>*

1/

(yajzu)

deorement

no longer open to an appeal,


final

inoapable of revision, irrevisable, legal ly

^UsJl

inliqfy impairment, lessening


pl.
t

valid,

(sentence);

j-l *- fyaqq

^Li

nqip

_^i nuqqap

decreasing,

an-n. right of veto

diminishing;

diminiahed,

lowered,

de-

^Ujl anq&4
nibble

(pl-

of
1

_r

-j nuq$) debrifi;

creased, reduced; faulty, defective; deficient,

laoking,

imperfect,

incomplete

ji.'i naqit} opposed, opposite, oontrary, antithetical, contradictory; antithesis,

short of supply, scarce; lese (j* than);

growing lighter; defeotive (gram.)

Opposition, contrast, opposite

_r

i7> J*

^y^*

manqf

defioient, incomplete;

oontrary to, in Opposition to, in contradistinotion to, unlike;


iJ

insufflcient,

inadequate

*J^

J* on the

; ;

; ;

993

contrary; <Z> Jl
taqala) to

o-"**-" t> J-&I (** go from one extreme to the


in extremes
pl.

n.

al-ittifdl

junotion (of trafflo lanes);

O
yd)

JBCjjVI *L fortified position, pocket

other,

move

of resistance (mtl.);

V*^*"'

*^

(o*W*
or

UJ

naqiaa

^^ naq'up

polemio

key

position;

fljii-Vl

*L interal-ifftf

poem; oontrast
i-JL. munqatfa sharp contraat, oontradiction; Opposition; contestation of a right
(j-iibj

rogation mark; UkSfl ILiJ n.


jLLil
*LJu
fire

Btation;

(j-JjJI

*W *^
it
*LiJ

police Station, Station house; J>*dl


n.

at-tahawuml turning point,


turn
nipples

turn of

tandgvl mutual oontradiotion,


contrar-

events,

of the
(of

tide;

**Aill

inoompatibility; inoonsistency,
iety

grease

motors);

"<fj*~

(gumruHya) oustoms
house;
in/tgd^
colIapse f

Station,
(fcri/fya)

customoutpost;

^Uil

breakdown;
<_JJJl

^rj**-

*^

*LJ n.

a4-4andb aphelion (astron.);


r

uprising, revolt, rebellion


ij+jjc*

^-Tjl *L n. or-ro' perihelion (<M<ron.);

manqv4 destroyed, demolished,


re-

jwJl *LJu n.
,>JI
LJ
JliJI

ai-

anAar mole; beauty spot;


aZ-'am

wrecked; broken, violated; undone,


pealed, abrogated, annulled;

n.

leucoma
area,

(mf .)
zone
of

refutable,

iL
iHJt
>
I

oombat
a

disprovable
(j-iiU-

action ;

epilepsy ;

JaiJ L>

jy

munqii contradiotory, contrary,


j

(fauz) vicbory

on points
(syr., eg.)

(in Sports)

inoompatible, inconsistent
(tftah) self-contradictory

Jli

Ib

^^*

LjJ nvqf
to the bride

wedding present

ls

^ibu

mutanqvf
contradictory,

mutually

contra-

IL-Ii

nuqaifa droplet

dicting,

conflicting,
pl.

mucon-

LUj naqqfa dropping tube, dropper,


pipette
-UjJL-

tually

inoompatible;

oLLl.

trasts, oontrarieties, contradictions, Op-

position

manqf haring one

(diacritical)

point ; pointed, having (diacritical) points

naqafa u

(naqt) to point, provide

with
to

spotted, dotted, apeckled


(fa#la)
Jftii*

iLjJL.

iL**

diacritical points (* a letter) II do.;

semicolon

spot, dot, dab, stain, speckle (* s.th.);

munaqqaf pointed, having

(dia-

to

fall in

drops, drip; to cause (* s.th.)


s.th.)
fall

critical) points; spotted, dotted,

apeckled

to drip, let (*

in drops,

drop
as

(* s.th.); to distribute

(<->

or *

B.th.)

- naqda a

(naq*) to soak, steep (j * s.th.

a present (Je to s.o.); to give a wedding present (U to the bride)


~*LJu

in); to infuse,

brew

{* tea, etc.); to slake,

quencb

(* thirst); to stagnate,

be stag-

nvqfa

pl.

J*j

nuqaf,

JU> niqf

nant, gather in a pool (water) IV to soak,

point, dot; diacritical point; period, fll

macerate

(* B.th. in (*

liquid); to slake,

Btop; drop; jot,

tittle,

speck;

trifle,

tiny

quench

thirst)

to

stagnate,

be

piece; part (esp., of motors, of machines)

Btagnant; to become impure and foul by


Stagnation
(water) ;
to

matter,

affair,

subject,
;

point ;

detail,
site

be

swampy

particular ;
place,
(geogr.);

item

spot,

location,

(ground)

village,

hamlet,

market

town

Ju
ing;

naq'

maceration, soaking, steep(pl. il

branch, post (adm.)\ base, Po(eg.)

infusion;

<mq\t) stagnant
(pl. f-lii

sition,

outpost (mtl.);

wedding presj

water, quagmire, swamp, bog;

ent; ULJI

oolon (typ.)

JLaIVI

ILi'

niq\ 9jju nuq') dust

994

pLu nug'a infuaion

roam

{* s.th., esp., a great deal of s.th.

or a great
^^*'-*J nuq'lyt infusoria
cessively,

number of

things, B.th. sucJ

one thing alter the other)


to exchange

ui
s.th. is

naff infuion; that with which


Boaked or permeated;
(eg.)

IW- JiJ (ttSAu) to stride along,

move
s.o.

juice

along

III
;

(*

with

obtained

from

dried

fruit

soaked in

worda) to cast, shoot (*


to report (*

at s.o. glances)

water
9jJu
cote

to a.o, s.th.), inform (* s.o.

naq'

dried

fruit,

dried

apri-

of); to

hand, pass (*

to

a.o. s.th.)

to

be carried, be oarried away, be removed, be transported ;


to

be

transferred,

be

JL* manqa'
mire,

pl.

iL.

mandgi' 1 quag-

conveyed, be aasigned;
mitted (by radio); to
locality ;

to be trans-

swamp, bog; sump, place where


|

Bhift,

change

ita

water gathers
of execution

.dl

Je*

m. ad-dam plaoe

to

change
;

one 's

residence,

remove, go elsewhere to change position


in-

>i- man<pi' maoerated, soaked;


fuaion

(m.); to
rove,

move about;
migrate,

to walk about; to

roam,
i.'iUI
J

wander,

travel

about

JjU*

Jcw
oIajLU.1
malaria
i_'- ;:

JJLJ (m. al-balga)

tniufanga'

pl.

-dl

quagmire,
j

to be veraed in rhetoric tranaport


(*
B.th.);
teil

VI to carry,
to

Bwamp, bog; moor, morasa, marsh, fen

to

report

one

humm

l-m.

swamp

fever,

another, relate or
to

each other

(* s.th.);

exchange

(* s.th.); to spread, report,

naqf, niqf chiok

relate (* a Btory, etc.), pass on,

hand
of

down
Jij naqala

(*

s.th.);

to spread
|

by word

(no^I) to

move from
fl.th.);

ita

place,

mouth
to pasB

(* -s.th.)

move away,
(Jl

displace (*

to remove,

jjy\ tJ (ofeun) from mouth to mouth, be on


to pasa from
^J-'l

take away, carry away, carry, tranaport


m B.th. to); to transfer, transplant,

everybody's Ups, he the talk of the town;


jijVl
*iiiJ {aidi)

hand to
ciibJ

Bhift, translocate, relocate (Jl ...


s.o.,

^*

*,

hand, ohange hands;


(kabara) the report
entire preas;

jjt^^LI

B.th.

from

...

to)

to

transmit,
deliver,

was taken up by the


JibJ

convey,

communicate,

bring,

*:jjl

(kalma)

make

to

over,

pass on, hand over (Jl *

talk with one another, have a talk Till to

s.th. to s.o.); to

remove, dismiss
{Jl

( s.o.);

to move,

remove

to);
...

to copy (j-

be

carried,

be

oarried
;

away,

be

re-

from); to translate (Jl

j* from one

moved, be transported
red,

to be transfer-

language into the other); to hand down,


pass on, report, relate (Jl * s.th. to
je-

be conveyed, be assigned;

to be

s.o.,

transmitted (by radio); to


ita

Bhift,

change

from, or based on,


(jf-

s.o.

or a source);

locality;

to change one 's residence,

to quote

an author or a literary
to coms.o.),

remove, go elsewhere; to change position


(mtl.);

work); to render (* a text); to enter, poet


(*

to

walk about; to rove, roam,


wander, travel about
;

an item; in bookkeeping)
(Jl *

migrate,

to

be

municate, Bpread

a disease to

transferred (official); to be

tumed

over,
to
(Jl

infect (* Jl s.o. with); to transfer, assign,

be delivered, be

transferred

(ship);

convey, cede (Jl *


b.o.)

s.th., esp.

a right, to

be communicated (disease), Bpread


to);

II to

move, move away, displace,

to be spread, circulate,

make

the
(Jl

move

on,

tranaport,

move forward, advance, move about, let wander, let

rounds (rumor); to be transplanted


into or to); to

move, move along,

travel;

;;

J*
to

betake

o.a.,

proceed,
(Jl for),

go,

take the
(Jl to);

porta

Sj^SL* c-LLu ('aehariya) troop

road

(Jl to),

head

tum

transport
Jii naql, nuql p). JjJ nuql oandied

to apply

0.8.,

terest); to

tum (Jl to a field of intum. make a turn (Jl into

another street; of an automobile); to pasa to (,y from one owner Jl to the other);

almonds or nuta, candy, sweeta, dried


fruita, etc., as a deaaert

be propagated, apread (wavea,


to,

etc.;

Jl

Jii naqai nibble, debria

occasionally
(el.

also

j);

to

jump
and

*U nvqla migration *U> nvqla


pl.

aorosa

spark); to ahift (from attaok


JiJ nuqpX gosaip; pattern,

to defense); to go away, depart (j-

j* from), leave a plaoe (j> and j*); to go around (j in or among), make the round
(j of), visit (one after the other)
Jl
<u
|

model
JlJ naqql portable, transportable

JUl
iJUJ

to shift, translooate, relooate s.th.


Zi\
'*j*j

naqqla
;

pl.

-t

stretoher;

am-

to;

Jl

Jiiil

(rahmaii Udh)

bulance
lit.:

transport,

transport

vessel

to pass
<"'e;

away

into God's mercy,

i.e.,

to
to

truck, lorry
J-J
file,

*jj _,!_*- Jl

^1

(/.

rabbihi)

lit.:

naqti (ytm.)

mountain

trau, de-

be transferred into the preaence of the

pasa
ii*

Lord,

i.e.,

to die, pass

away

Ji* manqal and

manqala

pl.

J2

nagl carrying, carriage; convey-

JiL. ?nant/ J brazier


ii manqala a day's maroh;
tion, stopping place;

ance, transportation, transport; removal;


translocation,
relocation,

transplanta-

way

Sta-

tion; transfer (also, e.g., of an offlcial);

protractor

change

of

residence,

move,
;

remove;

JJ

tanaqqul

change

of

locality;

transmission (also by radio)

translation

change of residence;

(mtl.)

change of
traveling,

transcription, transcript, copy; tradition;


report,

Position, Station or garrison;

account; entry, posting

(in

an

roving, roaming, wandering, migration;

account

book) ;

conveyance,
|

transfer,

conveyance,

transportation,

transport;

assignment, cession
accoiding
L.4JI

j*

-JJ

based on,

transmission (radio); transfer; reshuffle,

to;

f-iJl

Jii

n.

ad-dam

and

shake-up, reorganization, change of personnel; regrouping, shifting,


rearrange-

JiJ blood transfusion;


n.

j>-*Jl

JlLltj

a#-uwar
;

bi-l-ldslci

radio-

ment
J liJ
I

photography

j ty. J
cartage,

motor transport
iniiql

(of passengers

and cargoes); JiJl I^-l


carriage,
freight;

change

of

locality

ujrat

an-n.

locomotion; change of residence, move,

JiJl

ijL- aayyrat an-n. truck, lorry;

remove,
cation
;

removal
transfer
;

translocation,

relo-

JiJl fJU. transfer fees, assignment fees;


JiJl JJL.J

conveyance, transportranaition
(Jl

means of transportation, con-

tation,

transport;

veyances

from

j*

to); transmission; transit,

communica-

tion, infection;

passage (of the


|

JU
or
port-

nagli traditionary, traditional; of

sun through the zodiac); demise, death


Jiiij VI

pertaining to
(in

transportation,
|

trans;

Compounds)

jj* faur
stage,

al-int. tranaition al-int.

period;

*_U

SjL-,

(JloVI
interim
lji*JI

j-j jatrat

interim period,

(sayyra) truck, lorry

stage of tranaition; J-*

oLLu naqliyt transport Services, transportation system, transportation; trans-

jUil

'\d int. al-'a4r'

Day

of the

Assumption of the Virgin

(Chr.)

JS
JUcil intiqli:
sition period

996

JJl xp

('akd) trn-

4*ju

naqma revenge, vengeance;


grudge,

rancor,

spite,
pl.

resentment

misfortune,
affliction,

J*U ndg

-n,

UiJ

naqala,

Jl

adversity,

punishment,
;

trial,

nuqql oarrying; carrier; bearer; translator;

heavy blow retribution


i*
niqma,

oopyist;

conductor

(ei.)

JiU

naqima

pl.

Ju

nigam,

p^JI n. <w-*r'a gear-sbift lever (of an

o|Ju ntgamdi revenge, vengeance; rancor,


spite,

automobile)

grudge,

resentment

mistrial,

U nqila
vessel
|

pl. -dt

transport, transport

fortune,
affliction,
j*Uiil

adversity,

punishment,

Jjj^JI JiU n. oi-etrdJ

and i
aircraft

heavy blow

C-i^l n. ai-zait tanker;

aJ-\ <iiU troopiUli

iniiqm revenge, vengeanoe


to);

ship,
carrier
IJjLJ

tranaport;

ot^LUt

nqim avenger; hostile (J* indignant, angry (J* at or about)


nqillya conduotivity
(ei.)

JU

Ju*
J^c* manqi
lated ;
copied,
carried, conveyed, trans-

munla^tm

avenger

vindiotive,

revengeful
1

ported; transferred; transmitted; transtranscribed ;

movable,
tra-

jiU naqnaqa to croak

(frog);

to

cackle,

mobile,
ditional ;

portable ;

handed
stock ;

down,
(pl.

duck
*Ji\5u

(hen); to

gnaw, nibble

traditional
|

-t)

&
naqniq* small mutton sausages (syr.)
(*^ij

movable thing
<J^4i*

oVji* or (il^l) Jl^l


ef-

movable property, movablea,


household

<ij

no^oAa a

nu^A)

and no^tAa a

fects,

personal property; JjU.1 cSijk~* m.


furniture,

(na^aA) to be on the road to reoovery,

al-manz

house-

to oonvalesce; to recover, reouperate (,y

hold effeots

from)

TOI

do.

JV: T
roving,

mutanaqqil

movable,

mobile

<ij

naqak

and i+ na^Aa recovery,

portable; ambulant, itinerant, migrant,

oonvalescenoe
J

roaming;
|

nomad

inconstant,

nogiA reoovering, oonvalescent

changing
porary
JV'.T

Jii*

J^~*

(musta&fan) tem*a\j

field hospital,

ambulanoe

naqha reoovery, convalescence

i*Ul jtj rest center, oonvaleBcent

muniaqil ambulatory; movable,


;

home

mobile
cable
|

contagious, infeotious,
iiJ.1

communifeiste;

b' ndgiA

a oonvalescent
na^fya a
(*Uu

jL*VI the movable


oontagious disease

*U-- p
Ju

(y and

(*Ha)

Jj)

Ji

na^*, *jUJ
II

naqwa, ntiqwa) to be pure


t

to purify,

na^ama

(na^n) and naqima a (na'


o.a.,

olean, oleanse (* s.th.); to rid of extra-

qam) to revenge
venge (j* on
be hostile (J*
vindiotiveness,
ful
(

avenge

o.s.,

take re-

neous matter (*
out, oull,
(*
s.th.)
sift,

s.th.);

to seleot, piok

s.o.),

take vengeance; to

sort (* s.th.); to hand-pick

to),

be

fll

of rancor or

IV to purify, clean, cleanse

have a
s.o.),

spite,

be resent-

(* s.th.) VIII to pick out, select (* s.th.)

J* against

be mad, angry (J* at

UJ naq' purity

s.o.,

m for, because of); to hate, loathe,

detest (J# s.o.); to hold B.th. (*) against VIII to revenge o.s. avenge b*o. (J*) o.b., take revenge (> on); to take

SjLu naqwa, nitqwa purity;

O fineness

(of a precious metal); selection, culling;


elite; pick,

best
selection, elite, pick

vengeanoe (J

for)

<AJu

nuqya

997

aC
pun, play on words the point of a joke
;
|

naqiy pl. #l ntgd*, Lijl anfty' 1 Jj pure, clean, immaculate, unstained; clear,
limpid, free of dirt or extraneous matter
JLJ tanqiya cleaning, cleansing, purifi-

i^Kl j*\*-

quick-witted, quick at rep-

artee

ot&

naklct witty;

humorous, piquant;

cation; sifting, sorting


#Ucil intiq' selection
|

mocker, seoffer

liij*}fl

J*

j-x

tankxt chafflng, legpulling; teas-

(qvdra) selectivity (radio)


J=i*

ing,

banter, raillery,

mookery; joking,

jesting,

funmaking

muntaqan
a
(*^JLj

aelected; seleot

cSj~>

munakk mocker,
i

seoffer

l&

najfca'a

nat') to scrape the ecab


.tSii

(* off

a wound)

nakata u
(*

(nalct)

to break, violate,

infringe

a contraot or similar legal

._-& nafcofe

(naJW>, naifea)

to

make un( s.o.)

Obligation) VIII to be brokeo, be violated

happy, miserable,

afflict, distress {s.o.;

of fate); to drop (* s.th.); to put

dX

nalct

breach, violation (of a oon-

out of favor;

(v!^* nukb) to blow

tract, etc.)
<tS~\i nleit

sideways; to veer, shift (wind);

{nakb,

perfidious, faithlees, falsa,

nukb) to deviate, Bwerve (je from, esp M from a path, road, route, oourse) II to
avert, divort, deflect,
(* s.th.)

disloyal

tum away, remove


je-

*j nakaha u

(j-tCj

nikh) to marry (U
III to
s.o.) girl)

to deviate, swerve {* or je-

a woman), get married (U with)

from); to avoid, shun, eschew (* or


s.th.);

become

related

by marriage

to

to refrain (je from), Bteer clear

IV to give in marriage (U

to

s.o.

(je- of);

to take upon one's Shoulders,

*&
tract;

nikh marriage; marriage oon-

to Shoulder, take
s.th.)
|

upon

o.a.,

assume (*
deviate or

matrimony, wedlock
(pl.)

je

*j

^-Sj to

make

s.o.

*5~L* mankih*

women

swerve from
K^Sii

nakb
pl.

pl.

<~i

nukb and <j

iS nakida a (nakad) to be hard, harsh, difflcult ;

nakba

nakabt misfortune, calamity;

to

be

unhappy, miserable
little (

disaster, catastrophe
<_-S*

nakada u {nakd) to give


t^TL.

to s.o.);
II tc
( foi

to torment, pester, molest

s.o.)

mankib

pl.

mankib'
|

make
s.o.),

life

hard, difflcult, miserable


s.o. 's () life III

Shoulder; aide, flank; highland, upland


*\j^\

embitter

to torment,

4Scr

*i*

(mankibaihi,

haw*)

harass, pester,

molest

s.o.)

V to be
(life)

approx.: to race along, dash along


h-jjSo*

made

miserable, be embittered

mankb

fate-stricken, afflicted
ill-

i&

nakd

pl.

j>Sol

ankd misfortune;

with disaster; unhappy, unfortunate,

hardship, adversity ; molestation, trouble,

fated, miserable; victim (of a catastrophe)

nuisance ;

worry, concern

*J

IUI

ij

C-& nakata u
ground)
II

(naht) to Scratch
(

up
s.o.)

(*

the

misfortune

to crack jokes
at), ridicule

J* about J*

s.o.),

i&

nakid

pl.

jt&l ankd, -uTL

ma*

poke fun ( J*

nkid2 hard, troublesome, laborious; un-

'<& nukta
jot,
tittle,

pl.

cj

nukat,

ot&

happy; peevish,
nikt

cross,

bad-tempered

speck,

spot;

witty remark,

i&l

anfead* troublesome, painful, ex-

witticism,

wisecrack,

joke;

aneedote;

cruciating

a
-lTU*

munkada

pl. -t

inconvenience,

j&
jS^J

nakir unknown,

little

known
(gram.);

disoomfort. trouble, brden

nakira

indefinite

noun

*j$c*
l-fated

mankd unhappy, unfortunate; L\ *j&* m. al-haxz pl. iSl*


|

unknown person
Oij& nukrn
nukrna
it is
;

denial

JkM mankid
unfortunate

al-h. ill-starred,

unlucky,

inconteatable; J^ti-I

ij& V l o\j&

ingratitude

ol-I

jlj&

self-denial

j&

naHra

(nakar,

nuifer,

j_>& nufcr, j*&

naJfcir)

not to

know

(*,

s.o., s.th.),

have

j&.\

nakir

denial,

disavowal;

dis-

no knowledge, be Ignorant

(* of s.th.); to
s.th.)

approval, rejeotion; negation; reprehensible,

deny, disown, disavow, renege (*


II to disguise,

repugnant, disgusting,
loathsome,

vile, revolt-

mask
(*

( s.o.);

to use in

ing,
its

abominable, atrocious;
\

indefinite

form
(

a noun; gram.)

III to

one of the Angela of Death (see j&-)


jSiti

disapprove

of

s.o.),

reject < s.o.) IV to


{. s.o.),

*J*

-Li

(Sadda)

to reproach

s.o.

pretend not to

know

refuse to
s.o.,

severely

have anythlng to do
s.th.);

(*,

with

with

j&l
sible,

anfcar",

f.

Ij& nakr' 2 reprehenvile,

to refuse to acknowledge, disown,


disclaim,

abominable, disgusting,
|

re-

disavow,

deny

{*

s.th.);

to

volting, loathsome

lj& i*Lii avicious

renounce, renege {* s.th.); to refuse, deny


contest (J* * B.th. of s.o.); to reject (J* * s.th. with

smile
jCnJI inkr denial, disavowal, negation,

(J* *

s.th. to s.o.), dispute,

contestation ;

refusal,

rejection,

non-

regard to

s.o.),

disapprove
s.o.);

J (

* of s.th.

acceptance
lesaness,

oUJI jl&l

self-denial, self*L*jI-

with regard to

to censure, blame,
(j* * B.th.

unselfishness ;

jl&

(li-

rebuke (J*

s.o. for), criticize

jamilihi) ingratitude

toward

s.o.

in s.o.); to hold a.th. (*) against s.o. (J*),

reproach (* J
to

s.o. for)

oli

j&l

(4tah)

jjDnjI inkri denying, disaffirmative;

deny

o.s.;

*iJ

j&l
<jl

(nafsah)

to

negative

harbor self-doubts;

Ijl

O^&l

I pre-

j&J

tanakhtr disguise, masquerade


mahfil
at-t.

tended not to see him V to be in disguise,

jd\ Ji*
oostume

fancy-dress party,

be disguised, disguise

o.s.;

to change for

ball

the worse, change beyond reoognition; to becorae estranged, be alienated (J from


s.th.); to

j_^j
masked

tanakkuri:
ball,

j_^
ball

Ji~

(ha)

snub (J

s.o.),

treat (J

s.o.)

with
s.o.);

costume

hostility, deal ungraciously (J

with

jl&lJ wtinkr
aversion, loathing
jTlJ

disapproval;

horror,

to

deny

o.s.

(J, e.g.,

feeling),

shut out

from one's heart

(J s.th.)

VI to have no
(*

nakir denying, disavowing;


|

un-

knowledge, be Ignorant
pretend

of

s.th.); to

friendly, hostile, forbidding

J-*i-l

J"^

not to know

(*

s.th.),

feign

ungrateful

ignorance,

make

as

if

one doesn't know;


(

to refuse to have anything to do

with),

jSc- munakkar indeterminate; indefinite (gram.)

snub, out, ignore, pretend not to


( s.o.)

know
s.th.),

not to

know

{*,

s.o.,

jSc- munkar denied; not reoognized

have no knowledge, be ignorant


s.th.); to

(*

of

unaoknowledged,
disclaimed;

disowned,

disavowed,
de-

disapprove (* of

s.th.),

reject

disagreeable,

shocking,

(* s.th.); to detest, loathe (* s.th.)

testable, abominable; abomination, atrocity; pl.

j&

nukr

denial, disavowal

O^Sc-

objectionable, forbidden,

J*
or reprehensible, aotions
|

j&j ^.

the

^jjS^ nakafa

(nah?,

,j*j& nuhf,
turn

^^S^
|

,two angels

who examine

the dead in

mankafi)

to withdraw,
reooil,

away (je
,j*&i

their graves as to their faith

from); to
in
dis-

Bhrink (j* from)

^Sou mianakkir
guiee;

disguised,

<Jk*

J*

('aqibaihi)

to

retreat,
II

olimb

inoognito
ball,

j&s*
ball

^j

(ragt)

down, give up one's intention


( s.o.)

to cause

inasked

ooatume

to retreat VIII to

fall

baok, reooil,

retreat

jSc_.

mustankar objeotionable, rep-

rehenaible; odd, etrange

J& nakafa u {nakf) to stop, arrest (* s.th.);


to disdain, soorn, apurn (jp s.th.); to
reject (j* s.th.)
|

j$o nakaza

(naht) to prick; to goad, egg


resistible,

ij&j

^/

(yunkafu)

ir-

on
_

( a.o.)

resistless;
III

immeasurable, un-

r5o nakasa u (naks) to tum around, turn


over, invert, reverse,
(*
s.th.);

fathomable

to vex, annoy, trouble,

tum

upaide

down

peeter, haraas,

torment
;

(*

s.o.,

* with)

to lower, withdraw, retract,

X to be proud, haughty

to disdain, scorn,

pull in (* B.th.); to bow, bend, tut (<*Tj

ra'tah or

<j

one's head); to cause a

spurn, reject (j* or J* s.th.), look down upon (j* or j*), have an aversion (j* or

relapse (* of an illness); paas. nukisa: to


suffer

a relapse
(*

II

I;

to hang at half-

ja to), loatbe, detest (j* or J* s.th., also *); to refrain (Ol from doing s.th.)

mast

flag) VIII to

be

tumed

over,

j nakafa

parotid gland
(adj.)

be inverted, be reversed; to sink, drop


forward (head) ; to relapse, suffer a relapse
(

jj naka parotid
gland, parotitis,

xJl
f

ul^ll

~<J&}\ (j/w&fo) inflammation of the parotid


_

r5o nuks and i-SO naJua relapse;

mumps

(med.)

degeneration, degeneracy; deoadence

J5 nukf
iJS^3

O parotitifl,

mumps

(med.)

tanakkus degeneration

(biol.)
x

,j0&j\ intiks relapse

jC

nakala

u (Jj& nubSl) and naka a


shrink (ja or j* from), or
(ja

(nalcal) to reooil,

^jSo

manhs

inverted, reversed; re-

flinch,

shirk

j*

B.th.),

desist,

lapsing, suffering a relapse

refrain,
|

abatain,
;

draw back, withdraw

^-Sc. munakkas inverted, reversed


,j-!^l
iJ

(j* or j* from)

nakala
s.o.),

(&
(*->

nakla)
s.o.),
(*->)

S* m.

ar-ra't with

bowed head

and

II

to

make an example
(*->

of
s.o.
(*->

SsL muntakis relapsing, suffering a iJ


relapse
ijS^J

punish severely

teaoh

a leason; to maltreat, torture


II

s.o.)

and IV
off,

to repel, force baok, drive baok,

naka&a

a (naki) to olear out, dredge,

hold

deter (je
pl.

a.o.

from)

clean {* s.th., esp., a well); to stir up,

Jfc nikl

J5JI ankdl,

Jj&

nuhQl

rout up, turn up, hoe up, rake up, dig


up, break (* the ground); to rumniage, ransaok, search
(*
B.th.);

fetter, shackle, chain; bit (of

a bridle) punishment,

to disorder,

JK"

naki

exemplary

rffle, tousle, dishevel (* s.th.);

to shake

warning example, warning

(* treea)
^15^1*

Jj&
minkai
pl. ,_^5*U*

nukl refusal to testify

in oourt

mankiP hoe,

(Isl.

Law)
tankil

mattook; rake
,jjl&-

J-j
pl.
fire

exemplary punishment;

minkdi

.ji^rU*

mank&S*
pickaz

forcing baok, driving back, oontainment;

dredger; poker,

iron;

(eg.)

maltreatment, torture

J*

1000

J& nild niokel


& nakaha
<|SJ
i

j*

namir

pl.

yt

numvr,

_>U'I

Ottmar

a (nakh) to blow, breathe J* (

leopard; tiger
jjc'

or J in s.o. 's face)

namir

clean, pure, healthy, whole-

nakha

smell

of

the

some
breath;
j*

(esp., water)

fragrance, smell, acent,

aroma
damage,

namira leopardess;

tigreas

Jj

na&J

(tki ntJbdya) to cause

ijjt

numra

pl.

jt numar speck, spot


f.

to hrm;

to hurt, injure (j or
(<_j

s.o.);

^c'l

anmar*,

to vei, annoy, offend


*jlxj

I_/ namro* 1 , pl.

yi

s.o.)

numr
damage,
griev-

spotted, striped, brindled


striped, brin-

nblya wrong,

hrm,

prejudice;

vezation, annoyance,
|

j^> munammar spotted,


dled
*j*

ance, offenae, outrage, chicauery

*J

^Kj
II to

ndyatan /lAt in defianoe of him, to spite

mark with numbera, to number,


s.th.)

him; ^KcJI *J JJil


beset
8.0. s.o.

(ajflafa,

nikdyata) to

provide with a number (*


>f'

grievously, ride roughshod over

numra, nimra

pl.

ja numar, nimar
1

number, numero;
j\ ank worse; causing more damage,

figure

4*-ij

>

r'

ntmrol

w. flrat-olasg, first-rate, A-l, exoellent


!_>U*

more harmful, hurting or offending more


grievously
l

nammra

pl. -<U

numberer, num-

bering machine, date

stamp

r namma u
s.th.);

(namm) to betray,

reveal, dis-

close, bespeak, indicate,

show (J*

or j*

j^J lanmfr numbering, numeration,


oount
j*i>

to give evidence (j* of s.th.); to

report in a libelous

about

s.o.),

sow dissension

manner (J* * s.th. (C/h among or

munammar numbered, oounted


(ejf.)

between)

^V' numruH pl. i-jU* namaWsa ware dealer


J>e*

ohina-

r namm slander, calumniation, oalumny; (pl. -fin, .U'l animm'*) talebearer,


soandalmonger, slanderer, oalumniator
*r*

numruq and jc numrvqa pl. jjU' na mang" oushion, pd; plow; panel, saddle
pd

nimma

louae
(tg.)

pU'

nammm nammm
namlma

a variety of mint

namata
s.o.),

(nanu) to keep seoret, hide,


(*

(Mentha sativa L.;


f
Le"

bot.)

oonoeal (* a.th.); to oonfide a searet

to
slanderer, oalumniator
pl.

oonfide in

s.o. (), let (* s.o.)


(* a.o.) (

in

on a

seoret,

**-*'

?W nam&im*
bustle, life

slander,

make

one'e oonfidant

to oonfide a seoret

to

s.o.)

defamation, oalumny

^r*
i*U

nims

(ooll.;

n. un.

pL ^jt
ferret,

nommo stir,

nums iohneumon,
mrten, weasel
an-n.
ifjtti

mongoose;

*je ntwnm pl. - ooin

oLJl

^ 'Um

numismatioB
gijt' look
l

nms pL

^-i-I^I

navAmto
(ooll.; n.

sly,
)

ounning, wily; oonfidant;

un.

up alphabetically
s.o.),

mosquito(ea); see also alphabetically


jjf'ill

j*

to beoome angry, furious (J with

^jJJ\ the Archangel Gabriel

tum

into a tiger; to bluster, swagger

V*>*^ nmstya mosquito net

1001

L-jt'

nima, L-*l an-nima Auatria

Jx'

nam

creeping, crawling; teem*

jjl

j:'

ntm&wi Austrian

(adj.

and

n.)

ing with ants; nimble, deft


Uc'l

wimula

pl.

J.U1

anmiP

fingertip

nami&a a (namaS) to be
freckles
,

freckled,

have
J_*J tanmU itching, tickling Sensation;
tingle, prickle, pricking Sensation

|>/

Le

namaS

(ooll.; n.

un.

#) freckles; dia-

oolored spote on the skin


^je
i

Jj*i.

manml teeming with

ants

namif freckled
f.

1/ namnama to
nam&'*,
pl.
le'
)>/

stripe, streak (* B.th.);


s.th.)

to

^'1 anmaS*, numi freckled


Ja/

*LW

adorn, embellish, ornament {*


Ix'

nimnim

streaks or ripples in the

sand (oaused by the wind)

namaf

pl.

i>Lc"

nimf,

.LLc'l

amnf way,
shape;
i*ic*

manner,
sort,

mode, fashion;
|

form,

namnama, nxmnima wren


.'

(zool.)

J in the manner of; lt-,|l l* J* in this manner, thie way, after thie fashion ; J**J( <^ aU- newkind
Ja*

O
{j/)
lc

'-

munamnama
(je

miniature

nam u

numw) to grow; to

increase; to riae

fashioned,
fashioned,

modern

,k*Jl
J*-Ij

J~#
.Lc'

old-

J* * they are of the same stamp, they are all


r*j
alike
Le' noffwfi

outmoded;

numw

growth; progress
pl.

nam4aj, numdaj

-t

and

^iLc'

nam4ij* model; type; pattern; sample,


formal, rigid,
stiff

LJ

specnen exemplar, example blank, form


;

je'

II

to

embellish,

decorate, ornament,

j~ j^x"
j'

nam^aji exemplary, model


(namy,
Ix*

adorn

(* s.th.); to write in

an elegant,
{*

nam
to

nam*,

*-x*

namiya)

lofty style (* s.th.); to


j.'*

compose

a text)
embelag-

to grow; to inorease, augment, multiply;


rise;

tanmfq

ornamentation,

to

progress,

make

progress,

liahment;

glorification,
;

exaltation,

advance; to thrive, prosper, nouriah; to be asoribed, be attributed


(Jl to s.o.);

grandizement

elaborate

embellishment

to

(with figures of Speech); oomposition {of

ascribe, attribute (Jl * s.th. to s.o.); to

a text, in elegant style)


j*l*

be

told,

be reported
(Jl

(Jl

to s.o.; of

an

munammaq
good

event), reach

s.o.;

news), oome to

adorned, embellished;
s.o.'s

knowledge
advanoe

II

and IV to make

elegant, in

style,

ornate, flowery

grow, increase, augment, promote, further,


(* s.th.) VIII to trace one's

(text, language)

Jx namila a {namal) to tingle, numb, be benumbed (a limb)


Jx'

prickle,

be

origin (Jl to s.o.), descend, be descended


(Jl

from), be related (Jl to); to be af-

filiated,

be associated, have oonnectiona

naml

(coli.; n.

un.

S) pl. Jlc'

niml
(Jl

with); to depend, be dependent (Jl

ant

on); to belong (Jl to, esp., to an Organizaantlike ; ant- (in

J/ namli
formio
JLc'

Compounds)

tion),
Lc'

be a member

Jl of

an Organization)

nam' growth, expansion, increase,

namllya meat

safe,

food Bafe

augmentation, increment, aoeretion


^e'

Jx'

namal

itohing, tickling Sensation;

namly growth, expansion,

increase,

tingle, priokle, pricking Sensation

augmentation, increment, acoretion

1002

U'

namh

pl.

^ naman

amall louse

ij^l nvhbura abyss; hell


4? ndkaja a (nahj) to proceed, aet ; to enter
(a

*-jj

ianmiya

expansion,

promotion,

furtherance, advanoement ; inorease, aug-

upon a road), take


pursue
(*

{*

a route or course),

mentation; raising, stepping up, intensi*


fication, booet

follow,

a way, a road); to
be open,

make
fur-

clear, clarify (* s.th.); to

UM xnmS expansion, promotion,


therance,

piain, distinct;

nahaja
|

and nahxja a
gasp for
to

advanoement, inorease, augraising,

(ndkaj) to be out of breath,

mentation ;
tensifioation,

stepping

up,

in-

breath,

pant

<^-

-+J

(Ipiffatan)

boost; oultivation,

breed-

pursue a plan; to assume an attitude;


*">* J* example

ing (of plants)

gV
II

(mintolihi) to follow s.o.'s

l xntimct memberahip
i-.U

to put out of breath,

make
olear,

breathless, oause to pant (* s.o.)

IT do.;

nmiya

pl.

*ly naw&min growth;

to be olear (matter,
clarify,

affair)

to

make

morbid growth, morbid fonnation, ex*


crescence,

explain (* s.th.)

VIII to enter

tumor

(med.)

JU-^I

i/ljdl

(*

upon a road), take


(sabah)

(* a route or oourse),

(sarafniya) oanoerous formations (med.)

follow. pursue (* a

way, a road)

*^jl
to

mvntamin
(J
*z~.

belonging, pertaining
deecent,
origin,
re-

4-j-

and X

*L^

?h-*-*1

follow s.o.'s example, follow s.o.'s foot-

muntaman

steps, imitate s.o.

lationship, affiliation,

memberahip
fi

nahj

pl.

rj+i

nuhj open way;


|

^j

nahaba a

u and

nahiba a (nahb) to
s.th.)
|

road; method, procedura, manner


*>4J

m+i

plunder,
(j-ij^l

rifle,

take by force (*

(nahjah) to follow

s.o.'s

method;

<_**)

nahaba Uanfa and Jj^UI <-+


distanoe
(Jl to)

fyh\ 4JI the straight path, the right way, the proper manner
*-4*

(fariqa)

to eover the

quickly or at tremendous speed IV to


let ( s.o.) rifle (* s.th.}; to

nahaj quiok breathing, panting;

leave, sur-

breathlessness

render as booty (*

to

s.o. s.th.)
|

VI to

grip, seize (* the soul, the heart)


lj-u

w^Uj

p^J nahlj quiok breathing, panting;


breathlessness

,j>jVI (anfa'adwan) to race along at


grip, seize (* the

a tearing paoe Till to


soul, the

*U nhij open, piain road


j-^i*

heart); to

rifle,

snatch

away
manhaj, minhaj
pl.

{* s.th.); to take in eagerly,


s.th.; said of the eyes)

devour

*L. manhij*

(*

jjj^l i_rfj\

open, piain, easy road; manner, procedura,


(fariqa)

to oover the distanoe (Jl to) quickly or at tremendous speed


<_~fJ

method; program; oourse

-Ul

-+L*

curriculum ; ^mJI -^L. m. al-baht methodology of research, research methodB


pillage,
l->L(J

nahb robbery, plundering,


spoliation;

looting,

gallop;

(pl.

rW*- minhj

pl.

-L* manhij1 way,

nihb)
L+j

plunder,

spoils,

booty,

loot;
+i

road; method; program

nahban by robbery

nahada a u (j^J nuhd) to become round

'<# nuhba booty, plunder, spoils, loot


,-^J

and

fll,

swell (breasts); to be

buxom,
to sigh

nuhbd booty, plunder,


robber;

have round, swelling breasts


spoils, loot

TI to share the expenses; to distribute

vW* nahhb
rauder, looter

plunderer, ma-

among eaoh
s.th.)

other in equal shares {*

1003

UH>
repulse, hold off,

A+i nahd pl. ijv nuhd female breast, boeom; elevatum, riae, hump, bump

ward
eap.,

off (* s.o.) III to


flg.),

be near

s.th.

(*,

approach,
|

j+5 tanahhud
.ul

pl. -0t

aigh

attain, reaoh {* s.th.); to seixe (* s.th.)

pJJl
n&hid
fll,

j*li to attain (the j*lj

age of) majority;


fifty,

round, swelling (breast);

in the

bloom of youth; buxom


a {nhr) to flow oopiously, stream

j.

n .r-'l

he was olose to

he was

puahing

fifty

VIII l^jill j^j\ (al-furfiata)

j+i naJiara forth,

to seize or take the opportunity, take

gush forth; to ehide, soold, reproach


to

advantage or avail
ty;

o.a.

of the opportuni-

( s.o.);

tum away

with angry worda,

J ~<*j

* _^iil [furfiatan) to use s.th.


for

brush

off,

rebuff, rejeet, repulae, drive


( s.o.)

as

an opportunity
*jji

away, ohase away


soold
{ s.o.);

VIII to chide,

nuhza opportunity, ocoasjon

to drive away, ohase

away
jl^ nahhz: ^jl

(. s.o.)

JV n

al-furaf quiok

j+t

nhr

pl.

^1 anhur, jl^jl anhr, j_j+


river;

to seize an opportunity, an Opportunist

nuAr stream,

(pl.

ankur and
|

jl^l
ism

intihz:

^jJ J^^

* n( *

o*-/w#

anhr) oolumn (of a newspaper)

,>

^y+Jl {nahrain) Mesopotamia;


Transoxiana; sj\
n.

^1

Ijj

^ U
n.

exploitation of opportunities, opportun-

j# Eridanus
river;
**j^-iJI

(astrm.);

urdunn the Jordan

piUl

^jl^ji intihzi timeserver, Opportunist

as-dolm the Tigris;


river

j+> the

Jordan
^l^J

jlpl
naha&a

intihziya opportunism

(nahi) to bite, snap, grab with

tfjV

nahri

river-

(in

Compounds),

the teeth ( s.th.); to teax to piecea,

riverine, fluvial, fluviatile


jl^i

mangle
^Ifj

( s.o.)

nah&r

pl.

^1 anhur, j^ nuAurdaydia-

nahhi snappish,

biting,

mor-

time,

day (from dawn to dusk, as


from
~Jj

dacious, aharp

tinguished

yaum

day of
LfJni

24 hours)

Ijl^J

nahdrqn wa-laan by
jL^J

nahada a

(nahd:,

^jv nuhd) to riae, get


from bed); to take
to pounce (Jf
Lift,

day and by night; day and night; ^1


ful

JJ laa nahra
a wonder-

up (jp from a
off,

seat,

jl^j (anhar)

atart (airplane);

on

day

s.o.,

on

s.th.);

to raiae,
;

hoist,

heave,

^jl^i noAdri relating to

day or daytime,

carry

(<_

s.o., s.th.)

to

oany

on, practice,

diurnal; oLj'^J news of the day, miaoel-

puraue, attack resolutely, tackle, handle,

lany (heading of a newspaper oolumn)


j+i\ anhar* see nahr

take in one's handa, further, promote,

enoourage (v

s.th.),

give a booat, give

impetua
(i~>

(v

to

B.th.),

bring

new
take

life

j^j

nahlr copious, ample, abundant,

into a.th.), bring about to stand

an upswing
fr).

plentiful,

much
pl.

(v of s.th.);
-dt little

up (v
(t~>

up

j^i nuhair

river, oreek,

the

cause

of

(<_>),

espouae,
a.th.)
;

support,
to
riae,

brook; a tributary, an affluent


jl^iil

endorse,
revolt,

Champion
rebel

intihr

rebuke, soolding, rep-

to get (J* against s.o.); ready, prepare (J for a pieoe of work, a


task, or the like), begin, Btart, undertake
(J
s.th.),

rimand, reproof; rejection, rebuff, repulse, repulsion

enter,

embark

(J upon); to

j4>

nahaxa a (naht) to puah, thnut, shove


(

be apposite, pertinent, apropos (argu*


ment)
|

s.o.);

to drive, urge

on

s.o.);

to

lt*U

^i^

(q*iman) he got

on

bis

L>*
feet,

1004

aasuzne
<_

(bi-l-atnr) to he got up; jSi\j u power, take the command;

di+i

nahaka a

(fl^J

nahka) to wear

off,

wear out, use up, consume (*


grind down, crush (* s.th.);

s.th.);

to

i*J-l

' v^
to

{hujja)

proof has been


./LJ-'L ^-^j

(nahk)

eatabliahed for
(fZaAy)

...; Ul**~Jlj

and nahika a (nahk, iS^J nahka) to exhaust,


weaken,
strength
enervate,
s.o.);

take losses and sacrifioes


o.a.

enfeeble,
of,

debilitate,

sap

the

readily
(

upon
resiat,

III

to offer resistance
(*

wear

out,

wear

doVn,
(

to),

oppose, defy
s.o.)

s.o.);

to

unnerve, waste, emaoiate

argue, dispute ( with


e.o.)

IT to

teil (

nahika and pass. nahika to be


off,

to nse,

lift

up, raise, help


stir

up

( s.o.),

worn

worn

out,

run down, used up,


enervated,

awaken,

(a)rouse,

up,

animate,
(s.o.)
o.s.

spent,

exhausted,
|

gaunt,

inspire, stimulate, excite, inoite

emaciated
s.o.'s

<~j* <ii$ ('irtfah) to injure

VI to get up, stand up,

rise,

draw

honor IT to exhaust, wear out,

up

Till

do.

to

awaken,

(a)rouBe,
inoite,

enervate,

min

s.o.)

VIII

to waste,
(

stimulate,
instigate,

animate,

encourage,
to)
rise,

emaciate, enervate, exhaust

s.o.);

to

egg on

(* s.o., Jl

violate, abuse, defile, profane, desecrate

(J

J^j

nah4 awakening,

growth,

(* s.th.); to infringe, violate

(*

a law),

boom, upswing, advancement, progress


<Jt+t nahtfa pl. -t getting

offend against (*); to rape,

ravish (U

a woman); to
up, rising;
Blander, abuse,
liifi*

insult,

defame, malign,
(

brutalize

a man)

*i

awakening

(esp., national), rise,

growth,

yuntahaku inviolable, sacro-

boom, upswing, advancement, progress;


resurgence, revival, rebirth, renaissance;
(spiritual)

sanct, sacred, consecrated


tiX+i

movement;

ability, oapability,

nahk weakening, exhaustion, enermisuse

power

lJt+l\ -U> '%d an-n,

Day of National
on the

vation, attrition; consumption, depletion,

Awakening

(of Iraq, oelebrated

exhaustion

abuse,

infraction,

9th of Shaban)
jjjji nvhv4 raising, boosting, revival,
reatoration,

violation; profanation, deseoration; sacrilege

promotion,

advancement,

iS^+J

nahka

exhaustion;

emaciation,

furtherance,
(

encouragement, aotivation

wasting away
iil+Jl

v of s.th.)
i-i*L.
j-ilf* I

inhk exhaustion
intihk weakening, exhaustion,

munahafa
inh4

resistanoe, Opposition

iMpj\

awakening,

arousing,

enervation, attrition; consumption, depletion,

Stimulation, animation; promotion, ad-

exhaustion; abuse, misuse; infrac-

vancement, enoonragement, Initiation of

tion, violation; profanation, desecration;

an upswing, of a boom
(j^Jl^i-i

sacfilege; rape

\8t\nh4 awakening, arousing,

Baorilege: *jy^\ iiL^I int.

<-A' ^-r^ *"* <d-hurma aWa-ura offense

Btimulation, animation; promotion, ad-

involving moral turpitude


Jl|*-

vancement, encouragement, initiation of

munhik

grueling, exhausting

an upswing, of a boom
l

_r

*U nhuf rising, getting up; active,


|

J^J nahila a (nahal, J^i* manhai) to drink

diligent, energetic

,^-UU

JJj conclusive

"A$ nahla

pl.

nahalt drink, draught,

proof, cogent evidence

gulp, swallow

j^j nahaqa, nahiqa a (nahq, jl+J nuhq, J-+i

J4I* manhai

pl. Ja'i.

manhiP watering

nahiq) to bray (donkey)

place, Bpring, pool

1005

ui

nahima a (naAam,
greedy, covetoua

<*lfj

nahma) to have a

terminate, conclude, wind

up

(je s.th.),

rarenous appetite, be inaati&ble; to be


(

be or become finished, done, be through


(ja with s.th.); to

of

wind up.

Und eventual-

^ naham ravenous appetite, voraoity;


greed, greediness, avidity
*#J

ly (Jl t), get ultimately (Jl to); (with


l
Jl)

to
. . . ,

come

or lead to the point


. . .

where

end at the point where


. . . ,

nahma buraing

deaire,

craving,

get eventually so that to

reault in

...

greed, avidity

oome to

s.o.'s (Jl)

knowledge; to lead,
s.o. to);

^
-^J

nahim greedy,

arid;

insatiable,

lead up, bring (Jl


refrain, abstain (je

to desist,
give up,
s.th.),
1

voraoious; glutton,

gourmand
insatiable,

from

s.th.),

renounce,

forgo,

abandon

(je

nahlm greedy. avid;

voraoious; glutton,
fjfi*

gourmand

cease, stop (j* doing s.th.) |jl

J'^^
**

the

upshot was that


it

. . .

the long and


j*^\

manhm

greedy, avid; insatiable;

Bhort of
Ol Jl
.^J

wsb that

...;

,^1

covetous, deairous (l^ of s.th.)


c+! naknaha to restrain, hold back, keep,

he got to the point where

...

nahy

prohibition, ban, interdiction,


|

prevent (je

b.o.

from) ; to aob
(nahto)

proscription

j**i\j

^1

(amr) unlimited,

lJ nah (jV and a (nahy) to forbid (j*

^)

and

^
*

nah
to

absolute

authority,

dictatorial

power,

a.o. s.th.,

do

oommand

s.th.). prohibit, s.th.),

ban (je

s.o.

from doing
to s.o.

^
_^j

nahyi

prohibitory,

prohibitive,

interdiot proeoribe (j*

prohibitionary

s.th.);

to restrain, hold back, keep, pres.o.

vent (j* oome, get


(Jl s.o.),

from); pass.
to
b.o.; of
s.o.'s
s.o.),

^ nuhiya
s.th.

nuAan inteigence, underetanding,

to
reaaon, mind, intelleot
*^J
1+:

(Jl

news), reaoh

oome to
Jl)

knowledge IV to

nuhya mind,
nih'

intelleot

get (Jl * s.th. to

make

(*)

utmost degree, limit


pl. -dt

reach
rna.lrft

b.o.

to communicate, transmit,
(Jl

known

* s.th. to

s.o.),

bring

aA^ nihya
oonclusion
;

end; termination,
result,

(* a.th.) to s.o. 's (Jl)

knowledge, inform,

outoome,
limit,

upshot

apprise (* Jl s.o. of s.th.); to bring to an

the

utmost;

utmost degree, ex-

end, terminate,

finish,

end,

wind up,

treme, extremity; nih&yatan in the end,


at
last,

conclude, oomplete (* s.th.); to put an

flnally,

ultimately, eventually

end to s.th. (*), settle, decide {* s.th.) VI to oome to an end, run out, expire
(period of time) ; to attain a high degree

Ll^JI

in the end, at last, finally, ultilulfl

mately. eventually;
iiL+J > (bi-l)
<d ij l+i *i

Jl to the
;

end;
Jl

unending(ly)

<jI#j

jf
*

or

to come, get (Jl to

b.o.),

reach
(

(Jl s.o.);

Jl (l

nihdyata) unendingly, to
*iU-"
jj'i/l

to desist, refrain, abstain

j from), give
B.th.),

infinity,

ad
the

infinitum;

^ ne

up, renounce, forgo, abandon (je


cease, Btop (je doing s.th.)
|

greatest extent, extremely;


al-arab
(fiugr)

*tU*
*j1+JI

^U

Jl

^U

ultimate goal; ^^i-JI


( (_

(asm'ihim) to oome to
s.o.'s

s.o.'a

hearing, to

knowledge VIII to be eonoluded,

(kubrd,
('ulyd)

JkJI) &j&\ minimum; f u?md) maximum; U*Jl


r

*>U^'
i;l+Jl

terminated, finished, done with, Bettled,


decided, be over; to run out, expire,

the

best

grade,

the

highest

oome

rating (in a System of school marks);

to an end (appointed time); to end, end up, wind up


(t_j

,jj&\ lA^A
absolute

by, in or with); to finish,

j S*-ji maximum

Jl
(of

(a'U darajatin)
temperature)

Jf
4/mII
ijl+Jl

1006

5*-jj

J*'

(o^attd.) absolute

l^u

mutanhin
limited,

finished,

terminated,
finite;

minimum;
limit,

jI^JI

<w

Aotjd an-n.

utmoet
(ni-

expired;

bounded,

ut|

last

step;

ji-l

iA+i

OS**

moet, extreme; excessive, exaggerated


Li*
ji.

Myoton,
skill,

At^g) to be the ne plus ultra of


Bkillful

unlimited, boundless, infinite,


Ji-dl

be extremely

unending, endlese;
utmoet,
last,

j bu

(diqqa)

Jl#j

niM'I

extreme,
eventual;

extremely thin, of the greatest fineness;


ji*J\

final; ultimate,

final, deoisive,

j *bu

(fi$ar)

extremely tiny,

oonclusive, definitive; LIL#j niAd'lyon at


last,

minute

finally

Jlj jUil (inrfdr) or

^^j

d*

muntahin ceaaing, running out;


done; expired (vaUdity)

JI4J (balg) Ultimatum;


final

Jl? C-

(Awifcm)
(jwr.);

finished,

decision,

final

judgment

Jlfj

^ extreme remedy,
IjL.

^jfi*
last reaource;

muntahan

finished,

terminated;

end; the utmoet, extreme; highest degree,

jl^J tual

jy

(/auz) ultimate triumph, even-

utmoat limit

lo-lll

,^^-e. bi-m. oJI

i-Hdda

buoobss; Jl#J

final

match,

with extreme foroe;


d-diqqa)

^42*

final (in Sports)

(m.

extremely

thin;

L^

A^ to

jlfj'V l-nih'i infinito,


*-Jl*S *i

unending

reach
(*^j) U

its

highest degree
(nait) to fall

ld-nihd*lya infinity

wa u
;

down, sink down,


(<_>

Ifjl

inh* finishing, termination,

com-

break down, collapse, succumb

under
s.o.)
|

pletion, conclusion; settlement; Biispenion, stop

a brden) to weigh heavily


JJ-Lt
*\j

(<_>

upon

(html)

to bear a brden with

Li

tanhin

finity,

finitude,

limited-

diffioulty;

to be

weighed down by a

ness; expiration (of a period of time)


*[fj\

brden;
s.o.

J&j

U (bi-kalkaliki) to oppresB

grievously, weigh heavily

upon

s.o.

intihd'

end,

termination,
close;

comIII to offer resistance (* to s.o.), resist,


|

pletion,

conclusion,

expiration
life,

oppose, withstand, defy

( s.o.);

to vie,

J*-Vl W^'
U

** o^-ojal

end of

death

compete
interdictory,

( (

with
with

s.o.);
s.o.)
|

to fight, Btruggle,
lo*Jl

ndAi'n
|

prohibitory,

contend

IjU ('ad'a)

prohibitive

^-j
here

,y,

<lL*\J J-j

*
fill
<_)

(ro-

to be hostile to

s.o., treat s.o.

with

hostili-

julun

TufAiJta)

is

a man to

any

ty IV to weigh down, crush

{ s.o.)

man 's shoes;


excellent
Buffice
it

j- iL*Ll (also j* or
. . .

how
*y
nau'
pl.
\jj\

is

how remarkable
it
. ,

anw' t o\jj n'n,

is

. . .

to...! let
. .

be enough to...!
....

tempest, storm; gale, hurricane


IjL*

to say nothing of
let

not to mention

munwa'a

resistance, Opposition,

alone

. . . ;

above

all,

in the first place,

recalcitrance, insubordination ; struggle,

primarily; take, for instance, ...!<_>


it is

iL* Li

contention, strife

enough to mention
let it

. . ;

<ju

iL*U (MH^jJ)

an)

be enough to...;
. . .

let it suffioe

n<5*

(navb, -^L. manb, iL


s.o.),

you to know that


fact that
.

not to mention the

niydba) to represent (je


representative
(j*

act as

of
s.o.),

s.o.),

deputize,

. . ;

to say nothing of the fact


. .

that

. . .

aside from the fact that

Substitute (j* for


Bubstitute, or

act as deputy,
s.o.),

proxy (j* of
act in

take

S^ftU

nhiya

pl.

\y

nawdhin ban,

b.o.'s

(j*) place, replace (j* s.o.), pers.o.'s (j*) offlce, s.o.'s

prohibition, proscription
-tf+

form
prohihited,

(j*)

mankiy
illicit

forbidden,

behalf; to return from time to time (Jl

interdicted,

to

s.o.),

visit

periodicallv

(Jl

s.o.),

1007

frequent

(Jl s.o.'s place);


affliot,

(naub, \y
befall
(

*j

niy&ba

represenbation,

replace-

nauba) to
s.o.;

hit,

strike,

ment, Substitution, proxy, deputyship;


branch
offlce,

of misfortune),
fall (

happen, oeeur
{*)

branch, agency ; delegatkm;


offlce
*jLj

to

s.o.).

to

a.o.'s
s.o.)

lot or ahare,

prosecution,

of the

district

at-

descend
s.o.)

upon

II

to appoint
{jt.

torney
of,

y-

niybatan 'an in place


acting,

as deputy or agent

of),
(

comto

instead

of, in lieu of; jUJIj

miasion, depute, or delegate

s.o.)

deputy, by proxy;

jUJL

<*JL*il

y a.

act in behalf of
alternate

(jt.)

III

to t&ke turne,

{mudir ai-maflaha) the deputy director

with

b.o.)

IV to depute,

ofthedepartment;
of,

j*-

jUJLi in the

name
at-

deputize
( s.o.)
(jt-)

( s.o.),

commission or delegate

in behalf of; \ryf- *jLJ


offlce

('ummiya)
diatrict

to act in behalf of (jf), in a.o.'s

prosecution,

of the
chief

place;

to

empower,

authorize
(jt-);

torney
*i

*j

LJl

^^Jj

proseoutor

s.o.)

to act in behalf of
(Jl

to

com
visit
s.o.'s

^ J^J
jU

representative of the prosecu-

from time to time


frequently
place)
|

to

s.o.),

tion, prosecuting attorney;

JUI

oLLJl
(in

(Jl

s.o.),
t-*Ll

frequent

(Jl

(mliya)
Algeria)

the

financial

delegationa

rfil

Jl

to turn repenbantly
(

to

God VI
or

to take tums, alternate

or

J*
(j

in, also * in

some
*)

activity),

do

niydbi

vicarioua,

deputed, del|

a.th.
viait,

J#, also

by turns; to

egated; representative; parliamentary

befall or afflict (* s.o.)

successively or
auffered

LjLJ i*j*- representative (parliamentary)

alternately

vj^'' *^j^ he has


afflict
(

government; jLj

^-ijf

(majlis)

parlia-

one misfortune after the other VIII to


befall,

ment
<^Il*

beset,
(

s.o.),

happen,

manb replaoement,
deputyship;

Substitution,
offioe

occur
jji

to

s.o.)

proxy,

Substitute;

nauba

pl. <^y

nvwab ohange,

alter

performed by proxy, place

taken
|

as

nation, ahift, rotation ; (one's) turn ; time,

deputy; share, portion, allotment

<^U
s.o.,

instanoe
occasion;

(=

*j* marra);
(pl. -t) fit,

case, inatance,

wL

to represent
s.o.'s

s.o.,

Substitute for

attaok,

paroxysm
the
call;

act in

behalf
rotation;
rotation,

(path.); crisis;

change

(or relief) of

jjLi

munwaba altemation,
alternately,
in

guard, guard duty, guard; bgle


(syr.)

mundwabatan
after the other

troupe

of muaicians,

small
|

or-

by turna, successively, one by one, one


|

chestra

of native

instrumenta

*j>JL

*j jliL

do.

,jj\

3j

jL. m.

alternately, in rotation,
cessively,

by tums,
nervoua

suo-

ar-rxy (Eg.) periodic rotation in Irrigation


*Aj\

one by one, one after the other;


{'apablya)
criaia;

<*-**

<>jj

<rJi.
i-Jj

o1j>
liji

n. fa4abikl bis fita

of rage;

indba authorization; deputation,

[qalbiya)

heart attack;

c*Ujl

delegation,

appointment as authorized
|

^i\

n. al-mafar rainy apells, periods of


it

agent or deputy

IJLii

oLUI

(qa&tlya)

rain ; <jjj oU-

was

his turn

requesta for legal aaaiatanoe (from oourt

to court)

yy^jj naubatjl on duty; Commander of the guard, officer on duty


i

<_jjUJ

tandwub
change;

altemation, rotation,

periodio
*tji

altemation

(ei.)

nba

pl.

^y nmvab misfortune,
misadventure,
ac-

i^jLzJL suooessively, one after the other,

oalamity,

mishap,

one by one, by tums, alternately,


rotation

in

cident, reverse,

heavy blow

V*
i^JU n'ib
pl. uj\jj

1008

nuwwOb
(with
;

representa-

Seaman apprentioe, Seaman (m.;


ship's

j\zi

Jjj

(mumtdx)
Jl_^

tive, agent, pioxy, Substitute, alternate;

Eg.

1939);

-iJl

dolegate;

deputy

foll.

genit.)

crew

vice- ; authorized agent


ly, 8yr.\

Sergeant (former'

m.); authorized reprsentative

^y nA Noah
'(^jj)

of a oadi, assistant magistrate {Ul. Law),


also

j.jl

(lor'J)

^^1

^ ndAa
4*- Li

(nauA,

^JU

^\j nutodh,

^U

vice-

niydA,

niyha, -L. man<SA) to wail,

president; vice-chairman ; As.

i_-jU

fmm)

weep, lament; to monrn, bemoan, bewail (J# s.o.); to ooo (pigeon) III to be opposite s.th. (*), e faoe to face {* with),
face (* s.th.)

or tfyf- ^j\i
tor; Ju^Jl
n.

('itmfim)

publio proseou;

iJU oorporal (7r.)

J-tJI ^S\i
^-j'U

aj-?uvu2 vice-consul;
vioeroy;

ilill

n.
fi-

ai-matfj;

JU
{lg.)

to swing; to pendulate,

i_JLi
;

(fntt)

dangle; (wind)
jj

to

sway

VI to howl,

whine

nanoial

delegate
an-n.

mo^M
i_JU

u-^f house of repnsentatives,

t^l^dl

parliament
fuTi share, portion; allotment;

nauh and

^l^j

nuwh loud weeping,


(for the

waing, lamentation
contingent, quota; distributive sbare in
estate, statutory portion
4-JU

dead)

r\jl
~**-\y

naunch mourner

nawwha hired female mourner


JkTiAa
pl.

n&'iba

pl.

-,

kpjly

natofd1

4*

^tji

naw'ih*, oU?l

vicissitudes,

ups and downs (of luck, of


;

nd'iht hired female


i*-L.

mourner
wailing,

battle,

etc.)

heavy blow,

disaster,

calamity, misfortune

manMa

lamentation,

moorning

V>- munawwib mandator


stituent, voter

(jw.); oon-

^y
<~>y*

V>

munaunuzA:

II to halt for a rest; to take up residenoe IV to make (* a oamel) kneel down; to

-IhL*

offleer

stay , remain

on duty, Commander of the guard

v at a place)

^jJI
|

U* iU

*J&Cj (bu'nt bi-kalkalihi) to be in great


distress,

VJ^ munwib on duty (esp.


-^- muntt repentant

offloer)

be

in

a grave plight

to kneel

down
alter-

VJ^
nate,

midandtwft

alternating,
|

L* mund&

pl. -dt

halting place,

way

rotating, sueoessive

vj^*
(ei.)

Station; residenoe, abode;

jW*

mund, ma-

(tayydr) alternating current

'nd climate

ijdl ^ ^j M&Srf an-ntifta

Nubia

^L(iji) i\i

mun4f, mandj* olimatio


jlji

^
i (4

fiW Nubian (adj. and n.)


ndta

nOda u (naud,

nuwd,

jl j^

nawo

dn) and V to sway; to swing back and

-">)

^"Li

(nauf)

to sway,

resl,

forth; to pendulate
l

totter, stagger

jy n

to flower, blossom, be in bloom; to


(* bloesoms); to light,
light,

*djj not and


J-r>il
<ijj

<!jj

nta notes (mua.), also

put forth or bear


luminate,
fill

C*y

n.

al-msiqd

with

furnish with

nOta note, remark


pl.

lights (J or * B.th.); to

shed light ( J or *

on
J^J

s.th.);

to enlighten (J or

s.o.);

to
il-

nti

Jl^j

nautitfy,

U>
|

ntfya
Jjl

light (*

alamp) IV jUl andra to


fill

light,

Seaman, mariner,

sailor; skipper

J^

luminate,

with

light,

furnish

with

1009

->y

lights (* s.th.); to

throw Ught

{*

on a

problem), eluoidate, explain, clarify {*

iSjy ft n luminary, luminous, like Ught; Ught-, lighting- (in Compounds);


bright, shining, brliant, radiant

problem);

jy\ anwara to come to


be

Ught, show, appear, be unoovered,


disclosed, be revealed
lit,

\j\jy nrni luminous


Lilj_jj

to be lighted, be

be illuminated; to receive enghten-

nurniya luminoaity, brilUance


(coli.)

ment, be enlightened

to seek enlighten;

ment,

inaight,

or

an explanation
lit,

to
il-

jy nawat tramps
jj_jj

gypsies;

vagabond,

receive Ught, be lighted, be

be

luminated

to

obtain

enlightenment,

nawarl gypsy; vagabond, tramp

gain inaight, get an explanation, receive

Ijy nra Urne; depilatory agent


j6 nayyir luminous; shining, brliant;

Information
jlj

nr

f.,

pl.

ul^w nirn

fire; rifle fire,


|

lighted, illuminated, brightly Ut, fll of


light;
clear,

gunfire; conflagration ; jUJl Hell


jabal an~n. volcano; jUJl

jUl

J--

piain,

distinct;

ljdl sun

i^^ slow match,


Dev; j+i\

and moon
j\y nuwwr
(coli.;

fuse; jUJl ~~ Saik an-n. the


1*

n.un.

1)

pl.

j j\y

jlj J* uS* J* jU * ('alam) very famous; to be on pins and needles; i~*l*- o\j

nawwtr* blos8om(s), flower(e)

(hmiya) heavy
tfjlj

fire,

drumfire (mil.)
fire-

jL* manr and SjU- manra

pl.

jjli*

manwir3
nri fiery, igneoua,
(in

j-'L.

man'ir2 lighthouse; min-

Com|

aret

pounds);
ijjlj

burning,

blazing,

red-hot

i)T (in

populr usage) motor, any


device ;
;

jy* manwar

pl.

jjb- manwir* Ught

motor-driven
rja)

JjjLi
-

i>-

ji

(dar*

hole (in a wall); skylight

motorcycle

jjlJ

")U

firearm
(falaq)

j yl
tion;

tanwir

flowering,
;

blosBoming,

jjU
ijjlj

(aahm) rocket;

jj J

bloom, effloreacence

Ughting, Illumina-

ahot (from a firearm), rifleshot, gunshot;


v-jUI

enlightenment;

j yd\

and

j yl

fireworks;

jjU

t_jjli

pro-

J^JI the Enlightenment


jjli- see

jecte (of a firearm), bullet, shell

below

jy naw

(coli.;

n.un.

2) pl.

j\y\

anwr

jljl

inra lighting, illumination ; en-

blossom(a), flower(a)

lightenment

jy
Ught,

nur

pl.

jl^jl

anw&r

light;

ray of
*J\j

naira hatred, fiame of war


lighted,

light

beam;

brightness,
light,

gleam,

glow; Illumination;
light (of

lamp;

O
|

head-

jy* munaivuxtr

illuminated
|

O jj jl y. (barrq) blinker, flashing light; O j>


an automobile); lantern
C-jIj

enlightened; shining, briUiant; bright


jyl\ epithet of Medina

steady light;

J^-l

leading light (naut.); JLi5"

jy n. ad-dalia jy (kaSSf) or

jw
jCa

munir luminous, radiant, brliant,


|

shining; enlightening, luminative


(jitm)

--*-

t-i-iiTj^j searchlight {mil.);

i~i*>l

j\y\

luminous

body,

luminary,

(kafiya) indirect lighting;

j^Jl

umm
saht
^ii-U

luminant

an-n. the

Virgin Mary; j^Ji

c^-

jyL mutanawwir
jcZ~*

lighted, illuminated

an-n. Eaater Saturday (Chr.);

jy

bravo! excellent! well donel jy\\ J\j to come into being, come into the world, be

mustanir

lighted,

illuminated;

enUghtened; educated; an educated person

born

jy
JjjL*

1010

mvnwara maneuver;
4jj-

trick; shunt-

(Jp>i) JU

n#a u

(nau;,

ilj niydf) to hang,


(<_j

ing (railroad); jIjjL. military

maneuair

suspend (^ *
s.th. to s.o.,

a.th. on); to entrust

vers

oljjL* {jawwfya)

ma-

<_j

b.o.

with), commisaion

neuvera; 3*UjJLo jjL* diplomatio ma-

(*

Ljj

s.o.

to do

a.th.),

oharge (*

s.o.

neuver; SjjLII J*U shunter

with);

to

make dependent,
s.th. on);

conditional

J>

nowro;

pl.

-jly

nauidrij*

threshing

(v or J* * (v

pasa.

^J

nlfa to

maohine, thresher
jjjj nauraz
(coli.
;

depend, be dependent, be conditional


on), be linked
(_j

to),

be connected be entruated

n. un.

I)

sea gull(s) (tool.)

(v
(l-j

with), belong

to); to

to

s.o.)

Ub-jjj

nfireufdfuyd neurasthenia
II

to hang, be suapended J* on) (

and IV
s.th.

bji UUI (M-farfH) to


to)

Jjj> naurz
H^jj)

Peraian

New

Year's

Day

make
47^4*

dependent on (or subjeot

a oondition, make

s.th. oonditional; iUl

n&aa u (natu, l~j nawasdn) to

(W-'uAdotfAf) to entruat s.o. with


s.th.,

dangle, Swing back

and

forth,

bob

the reaponsibility for


responsible for s.th.

make

s.o.

^l^j naunvs dangling, bobbing, Swing ing;

pendulum

(Syr.)

iy navf
pl.

pl. Jpl^jl

anwfy,

iU

mydj

'wjj nwt, ^-jtU nSs


wtvit* aarcophagiu

^jly

na*

u.th.

auspended, hanging, or attaohed;


|

decoration, medal, order, badge of honor


jl^i-t

],y n. al'jadra order of merit

*^U

ns people, see

^1
JJ naif pl.

JU ntyty aorta
*J

j^

jk*
a
to

j*y naiuara

to form a fistula (j_j-)

-^U"

-1*W

(manfarun
i-jjUII

yufa^yu)
-t^J

heart-rending aight;

^y
(

^*

III

to skinnish, engage in a skirmish


b.o.);

break the heart


J*L*

with
(*

to brush

(*

againat

a.th.),

play

around or about
(eg.)

a.th.)

mandf plaoe where


(e.g.,

a.th. ia

sus-

pended; objeet, butt

<Zy nanSa

of mookery);

typhoid fever
skirmish,

anchor (of hope)


engage-

\jJS\

.UL. m.af-turayy

jL*

munwaia
|

or UjJ-' JLu m. al-javxtf the highest

ment, encounter

i-j^" -jt- (harbiya)


pl. hoatilities

heavena, as high, or aa
(or

far, aa

the Fleiades

engagement, armed clash;


^ijjLtrii? (e?.)

Gemini, respectively)

mandwiP and
bluiah purple

^jL*

mand-

i->J tonauwu^,
JjL*

(unaww^ weaverbird

monfi/ dependent, conditional

(^

jiLi>J ftfliddtr

ammonia
u
(*<****

on)

djfj') iJ*^ ****

o*^+ manf,

y%^

JjL*

munawim/
(v

entruated,
(

oonunia*
)

manif) to avoid, ahirk, evade, dodge


(je-

sioned
iL*

with), in oharge of

a.th.),

flee,

draw back
dn,
die

(^

from)
(light,

mundf entruated, oommisaioned


(<-j)

VIII

to

grow

down

(^
fjj
II

with), in oharge of

lamp)

^y nauf wild
**

to divido into various kinds, claasify


s.th.);

aas,

onager

(*

to

make

different,

diveraify,

^0 L* mandfi and ,^*-^ manty avoidance,


Hhirking, evaaion; eacape,

vary,

variegate

(* s.th.),

give

variety

way

out

V
|

(* to); to ohange, alter, vary, modify,


alter in its

u*^ (mand^a) inevitable, unavoidable

outward appearanoe (*

a.th.),

1011

Jy
(

ohange the appearance

(* of)

to be of

J* or

J*),

yarioua kinda or forma; to be manifold,


diverse, varying, variegated, multiform,

oljL*

hlj^>

exoeed ( j* or J* s.th.) Ju U jp (fa^l* *inotU*n) more


|

than three yeara, over three yeara


<j>\j

oomplex
f-y

nf yoke

nau'

pl.

f\y\ afwwT kind, aort,


variety;

type,

apeciee;

way,

manner,

J*y nauf pl. J*\y\ anw&f that whioh exoeeds a number or measure, exceaa,
overplus, aurplua
t_i-J

mode, faahion; form; natura, oharaoter, quality, grade; Uy nau'an aomewhat, a


little;

to

a oartain extent,

in

aome
j

nayyif exceaa, overplus, aurplua


or
>J*jj

measure, in a oertain way, ao to Bpeak,


aa
it

JaJ

together
...

with round
...

von

UjJ

somehow
in

er otber, in

figures:
o.g.,

aome...,

and some,

odd,

a way, after a faahion, aomewhat; \*y


"aSj

OjjU.j J*4 aome twenty, twenty

(wa-kammiyatan)

natura

and

and aome, twenty odd


iU
niyfa
;

quantity, quatatively
ly ;

and quantitative-

Exoellenoy,

Eminenoe

o* l*
kind;

t j4

(i*W)

m
the

particulax,
first

{Copt.-Chr.
,Jui.

title

of cardinals and biahopa)


tall,

eapeoially; *ey *>


(ita)

JjV

of hia

&\y\ J*

munlf high,

lofty; exalted,

yWii oppreaaors of

sublime; outatanding, exoellent


of oppreesor;

all

kinda, all eorta


n.

y
the

jLJVl

al-ina&n or

JUVI

>JI

*jy* manfi a brand of Egyptian ootton

human
j-y
type
;

raoe

jby
nau'i relative to the natura or
oharateriatio,

nfimbir, novembir

November
tanayyaqa
finical,

peouliar,

proper
(Jiql,

3y V iyj tanamaaqa and JJJ


to

eaaential; apeoiflo

|^/> (j^or) Jil

be

aqueamish,

faatidioua,

wozu)

specific gravity

dainty, choosy (j in)


J-J-l
JjJjL-I

X <jjJ

istanwaqa;

MyS tanwC
flcation

ohange, alteration, modi-

(jamoia) he miatook the he-

oamel
diversity, variety,

for

a she-camel (proverbially of a

miatake)

fcS tanaumm"

mulUli

tiplieity; ohange, ohange-over, readjust-

nqa

pl.

3y
|

nq,

JU

niyq, >lM\J

ment
l*

nqi she-oamel

Ji. "ij

yfl\

j J U V
it

(ndgata, jamala) I

have no band in this

munawun'
oomplex

different,

diverse,

matter, I have nothing to do with


J-J

various, misceaneous, aundry, manifold,


multifarious,

nayyiq aqueamiah,

finioal, faatidi-

oua, chooay, dainty, overnice

fyz

mutanaunvi*

different,

diverse,
'Jy\

varioua, miacellaneoua, aundry, manifold,


multifarious,

anwak?
JLi nla

fooliah, silly, stupid

oomplex ;

o l*ys

misoel-

lany (heading of a newspaper oolumn)


l

(6y)

(natd) to give, donate, preaent,

offer,

hold out, grant, award


B.th.), confer,

(u J

or

(Jy and
lofty,

Ju)
a.th.,

ndfa u (nau/) to be high,


sublime; to exoeed (j*

to

a.o.

beatow (y J or
a.o.)

exalted,

upon

s.o. a.th.)

II

to let (

obtain
*

or J*

eap.,

a number), be above

(* a.th.), give, afford, bring, yield (*


a.o. B.th.) III

to

(&

or J), be more than (j or J*), go beyond (j or J*) ^*i-'l J* J>J L.


|

to give, hand, paaa, present,

offer,

extend, aerve, hand over, deliver

more than

fifty

II

Ju

nayyafa and IV

(*

J or

to

a.o. a.th.)

l*>iJl *J^U {qur>

to go beyond (j* or Je), be more than

b&na) to aolminister the

Communion

to

Jy
s.o. (Chr.)

1012

VI to reach

(* for s.th.),

take

*ri-l

JjLu j

within everybody's means;

{* s.th.); to accept (* s.thj; to receive, get, obtain (* s.th.)


;

fLfiV' J5* Jjln*

comprehensible to
JjUi*

all,

to take, eat {* food},

underatood by

all;

* Ja- to

have

(*

a meal,
out of

tea, coffee, etc.); to take


(j-), derive,

bring s.th. within s.o.'s reach,


attainable, available to s.o.

make

s.th.

s.th. {*)

draw, obtain
in,

(ja

s.th.

from);
(*

to take

grasp,

comprehend
with

the meaning of

B.th.); to

jjj nain and

jij\j

nwuln

pl. jJI_>i

take up, treat, discusa (* a subjeot), deal


{*);

nawlin* freightage, freight


(pj)
jLi

to extend {* to), include, en(* s.th.); to

nma

(Ist pers. perf. nimtu) sleep,

a (naum,

oompaas

reach

( s.o.;

of a

>U

niym) to

slumber; to go to

glance); to partake of the

Communion,

bed; to go to sleep; to abate, subside,


let up,

communicate
J_^

{Chr.)
pl.

calm down, be calm (wind,

sea,

naul

Jl^il

anwl

gift;

way,

etc.);

tobe

inactive,dull,listless (market);

manner, mode, fashion ; loom ; freightage,


freight
Jl_^

to be benumbed, be

numb

(limb); to

neglect, omit, overlook (je s.th.), forget

(je about

s.th.), fail

nawi

gift, s.th.

received; favor,

to think of ( j*) ; to be

reassured (Jl by

s.th.),

accept

(Jl s.th.),

benefit; that

which
j

is

proper, right, in-

assent (Jl to), acquiesce (Jl in); to place

oumbent, a duty

105"

J*JJ
illi

you must do

this;

Jl^

jl

jJI^J

confidence (Jl in
that's

s.o.),

truat (Jl B.th.)

<i

improper, that isn't right


t}jL.

J*

(*Uj

(m'a

jafnihi)

he sleeps the
to sleep,

sleep of the just II to lull

(. s.o.)

minwl and minwl

Jlji*

minwl loom
manner,

make

( s.o.)

sleep,

put to bed

(, esp.,

Jlji^

way,

mode,
{

child); to anesthetize, narcotize,

put to

fashion; method, prooedure; form

sleep ( s.o.)

IT

II;

VI to pretend to

J*
be asleep; to place confidence, put trust
(Jl in s.o.)

J \jA
->*-'j

-U

in

this
j>

manner,

this

way
you

Jij^*

J*

they are of one stamp,


J*iJ jl iUlji*

to let

o.s.

be

lulled to sleep

they are

all alike; Ia5"


it

or narcotized (J

by

s.th.); to

accede (J
{

must do

this

way
offering,

to

s.th.),

oomply ( J with) ; to trust


(Jl in s.o.), rely,
{i_>

Jl s.o.),

have confidence

depend

UjL. munwala presentation,

(Jl

on

s.o.);

to entrust

Jl s.th. to

handing over, delivery ; Communion (Chr.

s.o.);

to

be reassured
(Jl s.th.),
o.s.,

(Jl

by

s.th.),

JjU
ity;

tanwul taking of food, eating,

aoeept taoitly
s.th.),

aoquiesce (Jl in
(Jl

drinking ; comprehension, grasp, receptiv-

content

be content

with)
*iji-

Communion

(Chr.)
Ajj

naum

sleep,

slumber
>jjl

>jdl

JjLi mvianwil reaching out, taking,


seizing,

Sur/at an-n.

bedroom;

t_

*J

night-

grabbing;

partaking

of
;

the

gown, nightshirt
i/jj

Lord 's

Supper,

communicating

com-

munioant
Jjhi mutanwal attainable, available,
within reach; attainableness, availabili-

somn(i)-, sleeping- (in


~**jj

nauml of or pertaining to Compounds)


sleep,

sleep,

nauma

nap
sleeps

~<,jl

nuwama one who

much,

ty; reach, rnge

Vjbi ^-*1 diffloult to


sleeper
4j

reach, hard to get at;

Jjbi* (j) C-*


\ji

(m. yadihi) available, at b.o.'b disposal,

nawwm one given to sleep,


na*m sound
asleep;

sleeper

within reach, handy, on hand; Jjbi*


attainable to
s.o.,

Ajji

one given

within

s.o.'a

reach;

to sleep, sleeper; late riser, slugabed

1013

m
t-.

*Il*

manm
manm

sleep; (pl. -t)

dream

or Jl

at),

allude

(^
or

or

or Jl to),

intimate, imply

#U*

place to leep; bedroom,


A*

(^

or Jl s.th.)
tribute, preise;

dormitory
<*Lu manma place to sleep; bedroom,

j3 tanwih enoomium,
mention
;

mentioning,
allusion

referenoe ;

hint,

dormitory; nightwear, nightgown, nightahirt;

<*U.I

Manama

{capital

of

rfy nato

i (SJ

nlya, i\y nawh) to intend,

Bahrein Islands)

propose, purpose, plan, have in mind,

fyj tanwim
tion,

lulling to sleep; narcotiza-

make up
s.th.);

one's

mind

(*

to do

s.th.),

anesthetization ;

by pnotism, hyp-

resolve, determine {*

on

s.th. or to

do

nosis

(<jy nawan) to absent o.s.,

go away

(^

or j- from) II to

miaow

(eat)

rU n*im
-j

pl. aLj

niym, ^y nuwwam,

III to

make an enemy of s.o.


s.o.
(),

(), fall

out

nuyyam,

sleeping;

nuuwdm, plJ nuyydm asleep; numb, benumbed (limb);

Ay

with

be

hoetile, antagonistio (
( of)

to), declare o.s.

the enemy

Till to

calm, tranquil, peaceful (night)

propose, purpose, intend (* to do s.th.)

Ay munawwim sleep-inducing, somniferous, Boporific; narootic; hypnotist; (pl.


t)

rty nawan remoteness, distanoe ; destination

a oporifio, somnifacient

\*y\ "**fr

(jur'a) Boporifio potion, Bleeping

draught,

,y nawan
neis, stones

(coli.)

date pits; fruit ker-

nightoap;

fy*

\j*

(daiwf) a soporifio,

somnifacient

*\y nawh (n. un.)

pl.

&\jy nawayt
stone;
oore;
(flg.,

date

pit;

fruit

kernel,

II to

add a

final rtfin (* to

a noun),

oenter;

atomio

nuoleus;
will
|

nuoleus
grow),

proride with the nunnation (* a noun;


gram.)

from

which

s.th.

central

point, starting point


pl. -t

ijJJl

l\y n. ad-

Oy nun
(pl.

name of the

letter

darra atomio nuoleus

whale

uLu ninn, o\y\ anwn) large jJl j'i the Prophet Jonah
|

fish,

<jjy nawawi nnolear, nuoleal, nuolei-,


nucleo- (in Compounds) ; of or pertaining
to nuclear physics, nuolear, atomio
|

ijy nnl shaped like a u, crescent-

UJ

shaped
*jy nna dimple in the chin

*ijy

(asliha) nnolear
;

weapons
#

j nayy fat
|

see also under

lyjj tanwin nunnation

(gram.)

SJ nlya
intent,

pl. -t,

iAy nawy intention,

LiV'j C/J^^ (*^/) tne y *" ----* day and night, they are diametrically
opposed, they are as unlike as they could

design,

purpose, plan, scheine;


will,

determination,

volition,

direotion
|

of will; tendency, inolination, desire


JL)

be

J with the

intention to ...; l
. . .

4-Jl

it ia

intended to

S-Jl

j*- Aum

an-n.

II

to raise, elevate (* s.th.); to preise,


eztol,

good intention, good


esty;
ness,
5_JI

will, sincerity,

hon*

laud,

acolaim

(lj

s.o.)!

speak

i*}U talmat an-n.


sincerity;

guileleasfides,

highly (lj of); to

oommend,

oite
(>->

(^
s.o.

s.o.

innocenoe,
faith
(tut.);

bona

or s.th.); to stress, emphasize to

s.th.);

good

yl J

undesigning,

make mention, speak


refer

(<-

of to

or

guileless, artless, sincere; simplehearted,

s.th.),

(v

to,

also

&

s.th.),

ingenuous,
an-n.
evil

simple-minded;
intent,

i_JI

y* 9*

name, mention

(^

s.th.);

to hint (j^ or

insinoerity,

malioe,

tSJ

1014

cunning, deceit;
fides,

(;ur.)

bad

faith,

mala

JaJ,

iU see
see
_jj*

dolus malus; LJI jj against one's


(jur.)

better judgment;

in

bad

ou

faith, J- see

mala

fide;

LJl

jL

fifl

n-n.

sincere,

jy
(capital of Cyprns)

oandid, frank, openhearted;

S-Jl <l

^^U-l

(niyata) to be loyally attaohed to s.o. or


s.th.;

L-jiJ nigdmyd Nicoaia


(dLi) iiU

J cu u^U-l
fi

orj cu

cJL-- hasu-nat

ndta

niyatuh

to have sexual interoourse

do. ; to

have good intentions,


...;

be well-intentioned toward
(ntyotoAfi) to

oJ

(U with a woman)

*LI

evoke the right intention


(ethic&l

jCj nW

niokel

in

one's heart

and

religious);

Jp LJl ai* to determine on s.th., resolve to do s.th., direot one's intention to


jL. munwin
(ij)

HJJ) JU *Ma(lstpers.perf.nito)o(o, JLman&l)


s.th.),

to

obtain,

attain,

aohieve

(*

get hold, get posseasion (* of); to

hostile, unfriendly

win, gain, aoquire, earn (* s.th.); to get,


:*jJ

*U

nd'a

(J nay',

jj

nuy',
(esp.,

obtain, prooure (J * s.th. for s.o.); to

nuyfi'a) to be raw,
<J

uncooked

meat)
gross

aooomplish (j- *
(

s.th.

with
get

s.o.),

suooeed

j- * in

s.th.

with

s.o.),

s.th. (*)

from

ni\

niy raw;

unripe;

s.o.

(jj-);

to

affect,

influence
(j-);
s.o.,

{.y s.o.,

(weight) ; see also under jji

s.th.),

bear upon

s.th.

to oause to s.th.),
s.th.)
|

t^U

tuSft

pl.

v^'

anyb, _^J nuyA,

v^'
tuk;

damage, do hrm (j, to


prejudioe,
-u*_^.

andyib 1 oanine tooth, eye tooth;


fang
teeth
|

impair,

hrm

(j-

*jU! j* jiS" (kaara) to bare one's

* JU

('tr^fti) to

decry, depreciate,

discredit, defame,

malign, Blander s.o.;


s.o.

^U

JL. yjl
nb
pl.

t^UI anyb,

^jJ

o JU (aufara manlin) todo


hrm
s.o.
<IL*

nvyb,

untold damage,
ly;

most grievons-

<^ nlb old she-oamel

j-j

(W-fl*tn)

to

hrm

b.o.

or

-tjj^
-Jju

nitriin nitrogen

s.th.; j**i <IU (frt-^urnn) do.; _i*

j- JU

JL. iLl see JU below IV to make or

mutonayyaA Ute lamented, deceased

let (J or

s.o.) *

obtain (*

s.th.),

prooure,

(Chr.; eg.)
*jv
%

get ( J * or

* s.th. for s.o.)

nayyir see

jy

JJ na obtainment, attainment,
sition ;

aoqui-

jy nir pl.

jUI any&r, o\j nlrn yoke

a favor reoeived

ijw nira

gums

JL.
(of the teeth)

manl obtainment, attainment,


|

aohievement, acquisition

JLil J-w unfar

jjj natrfix

New

Year's

Day

{Ckr.-Copt.)

attainable ;

intangible,
l

impalpable,
r

from reality; JLil

-*m

pa b al-m. un-

6yj naizak

pl. iijLi

nayfciP short lanoe;

shooting star, meteor


^r^i nf*

attainable; JUI (J+- or) easy to get, attainable; JLil

^J
j&

(eahl)

mwn

Nice (seapoxt in S France)


{Syr,, Leb., Jord., Ir.)

fon al-m. attainable; JU LI

<_ ,y JU

(oWa^a mandttn)
Loj ni*Jn* April
preasion on
JJL*
ful'tl

it

made

the deepest im-

bim
aoquirer,

Uw nUn
LrJ

Bee uLli (jJLi)

earner,

obtainer,

gainer, winner; a favor reoeived, a boon,

nl^ poroupine

benefit, gain

1015

>
J
soil
::

Jj

II

to dye with indigo (* s.th.)


ni(,

tanyti

(eg.)

alluviation

of

the

JJ

Li

nilo indigo plant, indigo

by irrigation or inundation

Jju munayyaJ dyed with indigo


JJ
II (ey.) to
fields for
soil

Li nxlaj indigo

Channel Nile water onto the

the purpose of alluviating the

JjLj nUfl/or European white water nenuphar


j^Lj nan,

lily,

nn nylon

JJI on-nU the Nile


J^JI fiowers of the

JJI y.j

tamm

an-n. time of the Nile inundation;

^j*

Cm nlna mother
J eee fjy

European white water

Uly (nenuphar)

UUjjJ
the
Nile,

niyraljiy neuralgia

J_i nH
Nilotio

of

Nile

(adj.),

U -Jujjj niyOiilandd
JjJ
j*i fau' niyfini

New

Zealand

J^

manytU Nilomnter

neon light

M
li

hal lookl there!


isl

_,

hi huwa look,
1

UU

see under

there he

fj\

h antum you there

jjiU hiir Hator, the third month of the


Goptia aalendar
i_^jU (Engl.) harb

aa a prefix (mostly written defectively)

M4i,

f.

.i

M#A, ji A#,
m. jli MaVSn,
one,
lJl-i*

pl.
f.

.V> OU
Mlito
that;

M'uW'i,
AdfeJni

dual
this

harp (musioal utrument)

thia;

see
f.

also

alphabetioally;
pl.

M4&hx,

iLjl>

see fi J-\

Alj"J>
l-i>

h'ul'ilca

that one,

_>UI al-havir Le Havre (seaport in


)U, fl

N Franoe)

takitf so,

thus;

ljj

wa-hkai and so forth;


here;
IJcil

L*U AAund
lj

and TU see

lii.U, ljl
li

h&ana4,
_, l,

^Jl

Ia,
l

V_J see

U
see
l*

Wantatfd,

.1/jl

j*

lijt, li't

I (emphatio form);

you there;

this one,

that one, that;

we

here, etc.; here I

aml

fU Adnum
jlj

pl. >'lj

Aawdntm 1 lady, woman


Udylike, womanlike,

there you are! eto.;


hlca pl.

with sufflz: iiU


it!

AawommC

fl
!

hkum

here, take
. . . !

there
tat

feminine

you

are

there you have


. . .

following
is

AaTm'a to burst into laughter

(below)

is (are)

Tl

hikah there he
letter

Ll see

hS

pl.

St name of the

^IjU hdwdy Hawaii


Abel J_,> ftoU

> Atoun, jjU


give
(b)

Mutfn

pl.

^jlj awiirtn,
|

OU

AS

pl.
.

lyU
. . I

me

(us)

MJ let me

me

(b)
...

. .

. !

bring

CjIjI

aAuxJn mortar (veseel)

jCall >A"

have

mtd/a' aJ-A. mortar (mtl.)

1016

JjU

Haiti Haiti

C-* habata
*_-*j

{habt) to

knock

out,

feil

throw

to the ground

'wi hat imperative of

(. s.o.);

pass. huirita to be

despondent, faint-hearted; to be dimwitted

'w* habba u moring ;


(Jf

(Aafr&)

to get in motion, Start

to

approach,

attack,
(Jl

tackle

c-^a habit despondent, faint-hearted,

or J
(Jl

s.th.),

embark
foll.

or J upon),

cowardly; dim-witted

begiii
(Jl

or J with), start doing a.th.


imperf.) to proceed

or J); (with

s* habara u
teethj
(*

(habr)

to mangle

(with the

abraptly to do

s.th., set

out to do

a.th.;

* s.o.);

to oarve into large pieoes

to nish, fly (Ji at s.o.); to


rise,

wake up;
from

to

meat)

get

up

(j- from, eap.,

aleep);

to revolt, rebel, rise (J* against s.o.); (habb, ^jj, hubb, ^ x** habtb) to blow r to waft, drift J* in s.o. 's direction; (

j* habr boned meat


*s* habra piece or
slioe

of meat

(wind); to rage (storm); to break out


(fire)
;

j^a hubaira hyena


frog ^ti* habata

ju

jA ab

h.

smell)

of a scent), meet (J* s.o.; of a pleasant k^jJL ,_jt (harb) to take up arms,
|

(habJS)

to gather up, gather,

enter the war; <*jULj


to take

,_j

(mvqtaama)

oollect (* s.th.); to Beize, grab, clutoh

up arms
o.a.,

in Opposition, rise in
o.s.,

(v with the hand


.L> habata u
i

or with the olawB)

arms; Lulj ^-* (waqifan) to plant


Station
ig

(Ij-a htibf) to desoend, go


fall

stand; **j c-* (rihvh) he

down, come down; to


settle

down, drop; to

in clover,

he

is in luck's

way, he has
<_**

down; to sink; to

dip, Blope

down;

a lucky hand with everything; *J

U&\

to fall to the ground; to fall in,

oome

(kalb) the

dog attacked him,

feil

down, oollapse (roof ) ; to

set

down, land,

upon him; <_oj v* *> iX (man, dabba) everybody and bis brother, every Tom, Dick and Harry II to tear t rend (* s.th.)
to blacken with soot (* a.th.) ; to
(* s.th.); to botoh, bungle,

alight (airplane, travelers, * in

a country)

to lose weight, beoome lean (body); to


abate, subside, let up, stop, die (wind,
fire,

down

besmut

eto.);

to

fall,

drop, slump

do

in slipshod

(prices); to go,
(habf)

oome

(* to

a plaoe);

manner

(* s.th.)
s.o.

IV to wake up, awaken,

&nd IT to cause to sink or defling

rouse (j*
5-* i-*

from

aleep)

to be torn

soend, lower, let down, bring down, take

habba gast, squall


hiba see

down, send down,

down, throw

wjj

down
plaoe)

(a, s.o., s.th.);

to lower, out down,

reduce (* the prioe); to oome (* to a


v-jL>

habb fine dust

ujL* hibab soot, smut


-ij-a

.L-a habf

reduotion, lowering; decrease,

habb strong wind, gale


(of the wind)

diminution

V_** hubb blowing


t^^f*

<L^ habfa desoent,


depreasion (geogr.)
!_->

deoline,

fall,

drop;

mahabb

pl.

vU*

fnaAd&6 1 place

where or from which the wind blows;

hubf ainking;

fall,

drop, decline,

windy

aide,

weather

aide,

direction

of
|

descent; diminution, Iessening, lowering,

the wind; blowing of the wind; draft


^\jj\
c-^*

reduotion

(of

the

price);

decrease;
(on
|

storm-swept, expoeed to

weaknesB,

feebleness ;

slump

the

storms, threatened by storma

stock market); (airborne) Unding

J_^

1017

J*

jJ \_^i\
*-J\

(ftirri)
k,

emergeney landing;

i^^a habhaba to bark, bay

^j-k

ar-rahim prolapse of the

uterus, hysteroptosis
A>^ji habf slope, declivity, drop, cliff, (j-a)

vU?*
swift,

habhb mirage, fata morgana;

nimble
(_j-a
;

bluff

La Aa6 u

hubw) to

rise in the air

(duflt,

smoke)

to run away, bolt, take to

Jia habif emaciated, skinny, enervated,

night

worn out i^> habwa


pl. Attauw**

swirl of dust

O
J*-t*

U**!

uhbfa

pl.

Jo-jUI

ahbif
La haba
pl. LaI

parachute
mahbif
pl. -LjLf.

ahba fine dust; dust


the air
j

particles floating

in

jjii*

La

mahbif* place of

atoms scattered

in all directions; La (_-i

fall,

of descent; landing place, airstrip,


falling, fall,

(AaAd'on) to vanish, dissolve into nothing,

runway;

drop; place of

ori-

end
or

in

smoke;
La

'jjii*

La

(_-i

(AaA'on)

gin, birth place, cradle (flg.);


(ei.)
|

O cathode
^ me 0

IjjiL.

f-L>

(<t*o)

to go up in

^J^

J^+*

m. al-wahy the cradle of


<J

smoke,

fall

through, oome to nought,


*j

Islam; vJj*"
suneet
iajU
&

-K-*

a^

(^ ne

dissolve into nothing; La

t_-AJ

(haba an)

to ruin, thwart s.th.; to scatter s.th. in

descending, falling, drop|

all

directions
La hab'a {n. un.) dut particle;

ping, sinking

v'j" *W"^ -^^

m **
l

mote

faUa, iS<jya) paratrooper

J*

hatara
III

(hatr)

to tear to pieces (a s.th.)

Jj?+*

mahbj emaciated, skinny, en-

to abuse, revile, insult, call

nameB
become

ervated, worn out


J-* habila a (habal) to be bereaved of her Bon

( s.o.)

IV

(also pass. uhtira) to

feeble-minded, childish (old


revile

man) VI to

(mother)

V to take a vapor bath

VIII to

eaoh other, fling acousations at

avail o.e., take advantage (a of

an op|

each other; to be contradictory, oonflicting (testimonies ; Jsl.

portunity); to intrigue, scheme


lilL ihtabil

Law) X to be
a reckless,
light
(<-
;

J-z*l

habalaka watoh out for your

negligent

and

careless ; to act in

own

interests!

take care of your


buainessl

own

irresponsible

manner; to make
little

(<-

affairsE

mind your own

of

s.th.),

attach

importance
(<-

to),

slight,

disdain,
(<_>

deapise
s.o.),

s.th.)

to

J,a hiba a tall,

husky

man

jeer,

scoff
{<_>

at
;

deride, ridicuie,

J-a hab

mock
dolt, fool
f.

s.o.)
(<-.

pass.

ustuhiira
(<_>

to

be

infatuated

with), dote

on)

J^l ahbaP,
otio

->La habl'*, pl.

J^

hvbl
jj> kitr pl.
idi-

dim-witted, we&k-minded, imbecilio,

jLaI ahtr drivel, twaddle,


lie,

childish talk;

untruth, falsity, false-

hood
J-+. mahbal,

mahb

pl.

2 JjLf. mahbil

vagina

j*

htr feeble-mindedness, dotage

j-*l+*

J^
J_t7+*

muhtara
insult ;

abuse,
pl.

revile ment,
-t

mahbali vaginal
vituperation,

wrangle,

J-+* mtWxii nimble

bickering
j."Ljj

moAkfiZ stupid, imbeoilic, idiotic;

tahtur
{Isl.

confrontation of Bimilar

dolt, dunce, fool

evidence

Law)

J*
jU^i-l
istihtr

1018

recklessness, thought-

s.th.);

to disgraco, rape,
|

ravish

(U a
dis-

lessness; wantonness, unrestraint, licen-

woman)
graoe
s.o.

J^
II

<Iu

('iraah)

to

tiousness; disdain, scorn


j^fi

to tear to ahreds, rip to

mhtar driveling, twaddling, rav-

pieoea, tatter (* s.th.)

to get torn; to
dis-

ing; childish old

man
heedless,
o&releaa;

be exposed, shown up, diaoredited,

graced, dishonored, ravished, raped; to

_r^-

mwtahtir

give o.a. over (j to s.th. disgraceful) ; to

reokiess, thoughtless, irresponsible;

wan-

be disgraceful, dishonorable, ahameless,

ton, unrestrained, uninhibited

impudent VIII
(<-*

paas. of hataka

J^i* mustahtar blindly devoted


to),

iL

halk

tearlg,

rending,

ripping

infatuated (- with}, doting

(<->

on)

apart; disolosure, exposure, expose; dis-

honoring,
jjJl*

disgracing,

look up alphabetically
i (hatf)

degradation,
|

de-

basement, rape, ravishing

jU*-^l

ib*

Je* hatafa

to ooo (pigeons);

Jit

disclosure, unoovering of s.th.

hidden
disgracing,

hutf) to shout ; to rejoiee, ehout with

is*

huilca

dishonoring,

joy; to aoclaim, hau, cheer, applaud (J

degradation, debasement

or

v8

-o.)

to jeer, boo (x-i s.o.); to praise


(<->

highly, extol

s.th.)

*j

.Je* to oail out

<~* hattka diagrace, scandal


tili^j

to

b.o.;

JJU

4*

Ju*
an

(Ati/un)

a voiee

tahattuk shamelessness, immorali-

called out to him,

invisible force told

ty; impudence, insolence

bim,

made tum
s.o.)

(do s.th.); ^Lrf


;

Ju*

(6t-

tik^u mvtahattik insolent, impudent;


ahameless, dishonorable
tflt+r

haytihi) to cheer b.o.

^ti

Je*

(fafan)

to give (J

three cheers VI to shout

encouragement to one another, enoourage


one another (J* to do
s.th.)

mustahtik insolent, impudent;

ahameless, dishonorable
<.b
cry,
call;

ii=* Attf/a shout, ory, call

hutma

s.th.

broken

off,

fragment,

breakage

Jb> AuM/

pl.

-dJ

shout,

ezolamation of joy; hurrah; acclamation,


acclaim,

1*1

aAtom 9 ,

f.

.*

Aafmd'*,

pl.

Im

applause; oheer (J to
A. oJ-Aarb battle ory,

s.o.)
j

hutn having no front teeth; toothleas


jC* hatana
%

V ^-'
1

Jt

war ory;

(hatn,

u*

hvtn) to discharge

,> -U storm of applause, thundering applause


J1U4JI

a pouring rain (sky)


Jjz* hatn rav&aught,

heavy with

JU
(pl.

di/

shouting,

calling

londly;

rain (cloud)

(in earlier

Sufiam) inviaible caller, voieej

JIja hawSiif) telephone;


pl.
|

loud-

* hajja u {pyt

hajij) to

burn, be on

fire,

speaker;

JJ[y exolamations, shout,


^-Ull

be aflame; to flame, blaze, be ablaze


II to set ablaze, stir up,

cries, calls

Jul*

A. al-galb

inner
Ifi

stoke (* the
Au;fl') to
\J\

fire)

voioe; JJl^JLt

by telephone
hajaa a
appease
Jt

(** haf, *j

be ap-

JJU A&/
Compounds)
flu hataka
i

telephonic, telephone- (in

peased (hunger) IV
s.o. 's

*,.

(j'ah) to

hunger

{halk) to tear apart, rip apart

(* s.th., esp., a curtain, a veil); to

unve,
(*

hajada u (j>* hujd) and V to stay awake at night, keep a night vigil; to

uncover,

discover,

disclose,

reveal

spend the night

in prayer

1019

jjt hajara

(hajr,

jl^ hijrdn) to emigrate;


separate, part, aecede,

d>-l* hjiri

midday

(adj.); exoellent f

to disaooiate

o.a.,

outatanding
jj**4*

keep away
with
(*
)
;

(*, *

from), part

oompany

mahjr abandoned,
lonely,

forsaken,

to give up, renounoe, forgo, avoid to abandon, aurrender, leave

deserted;

lonesome; in disuse,

B.th.);
(

out of um, obsolete, antiquated, arehaio


^-Lt

behind

Jl * a.th. to a.o.), relinquiah, leave,


B.th.,
(

give up, vaoate (*


s.o.)

Jl in favor of

muhjir

emigrant,

emigr6;

II

to induoe

s.o.)

to emigrate

jy-l^il thoae Hecoans

who emigrated

III

to emigrate IT to leave, abandon,

to Medina in the early period of Islam


,jjt

give

up

(* B.th.); to talk nonsense, talk

hajam u
(*
:*
,

(haji)

to oocur
a.o.),

all

of a
s.o.'s

through one'a hat VI to desert one an-

audden
other, part

oompany, separate, break

(wJ j

to

come to

tp

mind
to
o.s.

j); to mumble, mutter, talk

jA
ing,

hajr abandonment, foraaking, leavSeparation; avoidanoe, abstention;

Separation from the beloved one; hottest

^Jt haj
<-j

idea, thought; foolish talk


pl.
;

time of the day

hajaa

hajatt idea, thought;


fear,

jA hujr obacene language


IjJt

notion,

conoept

apprehenaion,

anxiety, conoern, misgiving, soruple; pl.


hijra departure, ezit; emigration,
(Jl to);

fiied ideas, apprehenaions, miagivings

ezodua; Immigration

i/^l the
^Lft
off

Hegira, the emigration of the Prophet

hajj&s braggart, boaater, ahow-

Mohammed from Mecoa


622 A.D.
tfjjt
|

to Medina in

lj*j\ j\> Hedina

hijri

of the Hegira, pertaining


|

haw&jia idea, ^r*-!* hji* pl. ^rr^ythought; notion, conoept; fear, apprehenaion, anxiety, concern, misgiving, Bcruple
pl.

to

Mohammed'a emigration

*jjb

i>

(nna) a year of the Hegira, a year of the

fixed

ideas,

apprehenaions,

misgiv-

Muslim era (beginning with Hohammed's


emigration)
{

j+

(eg.)

hagap miaohief, nuisanoe, horse-

lyt

hvjra, hijra

pl.

yt

hujar, hijar

play

agricultural settlement

of the

Wahabi
Jt haja'a a (*j huj') to sleep peacefully to be or beoome oalm, quiet, still; to be silenoed, calm down, Bubaide (uproar,
exoitement, and the like);

Ikhwan

in

Nejd

\j hajrd'* obacene language


j<j
ij-jt

hajlr

midday heat midday heat, midday, noon


pl.

{haj')

to

appease
hajlra

(*

the

hunger)

IV to

allay,

appease (* the hunger)


4* hafa alumber
9jJt

j**f

mahjar

j*-Lf

mah&jir* plaoe

of emigration, retreat, refuge, sanotuary;

emigration; settlement, oolony

huj'

Blumber;

lull,

oalming
letup, re-

down; aubsidenoe, abatement,

yrU*

mahdjir* obscenitiea

miaaion, ebbing
*+* mahja'

(e.g.,

of a disease)

yrU*

mvhjara emigration
yr'j* hawjir* midday

pl.

j**-Lf

mahjV* bed-

>-l* hjira pl.

ohamber; quarters, barraoks room (Syr,,


mtl.)
|

heat, midday, noon;

(pl.

-t,

j*-\j*

MfLt o*j approx.: barraoks

hawjir*) obacene language, obaoenity

orderly, barraoks Sergeant (Syr., mtl.)

>*
JA
hajaia

1020

(hajl) to oast

amorous glances,

^J
raid

tahajjum

pl.

-t

assault, attaok,

make
yft

aheep's eyes

hajama u
(J*),

(^

Au;um) to make for

s.o.

^rW*

muhjim

attacker,

assailant,

rush, pounoe (J upon s.o.); to attack, assail, Charge (J b.o., .th.); to


raid

aggressor ; forward (in soccer,

and the like)


hajna,

hajuna
*jjjt

(ofi

Au/na,

JLA

(J* s.th.); to take by surprise, oapture in a eurprise attaok, Btorm (J enter without permission (J* force one's way (Jp into), intrude,

hujna) to be incorreot or faulty

II

to ezooriate, flay, oensure scathingly,


(

s.th.); to
s.th.),

run down, disparage


sider {* B.th.) bad,

s.o.)

to con-

wrong or improper; to
condemn,
reject

treepass <J od), invade (J* s.th.); to keep quiet II to make ( s.o.) attack,

disapprove (* of
(* s.th.)

s.th.),

order
assail,

b.o.

{) to attack III to attack,


(*, s.o., s.th.);

charge

to launch

*l

hujna

fault, defect,

shortcoming;

an attaok
to assault

(* on); to

make

for s.th. {*),

meanness, baseness

ruah, pounce (* upon); to raid (* s.th.);


( s.o.), fall

o LA
rider

hajjn

pl.

3i LA

hajjna

oamel

upon

s.o.

{);

to

intrude, trespass (* on), invade (> s.th.)

upon (J*) VI to attack one another VII to fall down, collapse


II;

IV

juA

hajln

pl.

jA

Au;un,

LA

Au-

to

fall

jan'*, Cr*-lp mahdjln*, c*-l+.

mahjina
;

low,
(pl.

lowly,

base,

ignoble,

mean

(house); to be in poor he&lth, be frail;

jA

to flow

down

Au;un) racing camel, dromedary


hajlna
pl.

(tears); to
pl.

shed tears (eye)

cJ
\Jt hajma

JLA ha ja* in*

racing

hajamOt attack, charge

camel, dromedary

assault, onset, onslaught, raid, surprise

attaok, coup de

main severity
;

(of winter)

U^i-I
|

istihjn

disapproval,

disap-

O
l

-TU-

*-^A

(mu'kisa) counterattack

probation
(_y?) LA

jJt

hajml aggressive, violent, out-

haj u (hajto, LA hij*) to ridioule,


satirize,

rageous, brutal
ejjt ryft

mock,
wind
charge,
assault,
fit,
(

disparage,
( s.o.)

run
II

down

hajm

violent

s.o.);

to

lampoon

and V to

spell (* s.th.) III to

compoae defamato-

hujm

attack,
raid;

ry

or

satirio

poems

against
ridioule,

b.o.),

onset,

onslaught,

offensive;

defame,
(*

satirize,

lampoon,
ridioule

mock

attack,
line,

paroxysm

(of a disease) ;

forward
like)
|

s.o.)

VI to

each other in

forwards (in Boccer, and the

satirio verse

^Uifj*-

*j

(jnibi)

flank

attaok;

rj
jjt
tion,

(jawwi) air raid; ^Li. ryt {mttfdd)

hajto ridiculingf scoffing; defama-

S\** *j (mu'ku) counterattaok; j*j**+Jl Jaba# al-h. forward line (in socoer, and the like); p**+Jl --U galb al-h. the center forward (in aoocer, and
or

disparagement; lampoonery, mock-

ery, ridioule, irony; satirio


fSjJt

poem,

satire

hajwi defamatory,

denigrating,

disparaging, satirio
LA
hij*

the

like)

derision,

ridiouling,
(pl.

aooff-

t/y hujml aggressive, offensive


i>l+

ing; satire;

defamatory poem;
successive

5-Al

muhjama
roundup

attaok, charge; as-

ahjiya)
letters;

spelling,

order

of

sault, onset, onslaught, raid;


raid, police

police

aiphabet
hij'i alphabetical; satiric

JLA

1021

uhjwa and

<J\ uhjlya pl.

^1*1

T-i*

hadaa a
oalm,
still,

(-U

had", jU hud') to be

ahjly satiric poem, lampoon

quiet, tranquil;

to

beoome

V*?

tahjiya

and

^j

tahajjin Bpelling

calm, oalm down; to subside, abate, let


up, die

down

(storm, etc.)

to stop, halt, at a place)


cease (ja
to

*U Ad;tn spelling; defamatory, denigrating; mocker, scoffer, derider; satirist


k

linger, rest,

remain, stay

(<_>

to stop
to

(jft s.th.,

doing
*jj

B.th.),

hadda u (A*W,

aj.i

AwftZd) to break,

do

s.th.)

to

(rau'uh)
II

orush, break off, pull

down, tear down,


or

become composed, calm down

to calm,

raze, demolish, wreok, destroy (* s.th.);

quiet, paoify, tranquilize, appease, soothe,

to undermine, aap, weaken, ruin (*,

placate, temper, aasuage, allay (j* or *


s.th.,

<>

s.o., s.th.);
fall

{-uo* hadid) to orash

s.o.);
|

O
To*

to slow down, drive


(a'fbah) to soothe

down,
to be

down,

collapse;

(hadd)

slowly
the

*jU^pI

weak and decrepit menace (i_j s.o. with),


daunt,

II to threaten,

nerves;
s.o.,

4cjj
set

j*
s.o. 's

lo

(rau'ihi)

to

Bcare, frighten,

reassure

mind

at rest;

terrify,

cow, intimidate,

brow-

^jj
take
afraid
!

U-**
it

hadd?
1

rau'aka calm down! don't

beat

( s.o.)

do. VII to be or get torn

easy

don't worry t

be

down, demolished, razed, wrecked; to


fall

^Ljj
it

^o

(rau'ika)

calm
a

down,

collapse, break

down; to be
in ruins,

down! take

easy! IV

II;

to

lull (.

broken down, be dilapidated, be


be a wreck
-u

baby) to sleep
*-i*

had" calm(ness), quiet(ness), peace,

hadd razing, pulling down, wrecking;

tranquillity, stlness
i-i*

demolition, destruotion
Io*

had*a

calm,

quiet, peace, tran-

hadda
fall;

and

.-ia

hadul
crash

heavy,
s.th.

quillity, stlness

thudding
collapsing)
j la*
*iL.l-iA

thud,

(of

j-u

hud'

calm(ness),

quiet(ness),
|

peace,
slowness,

tranquillity,

Btlnesa

*jX^

hadd

gentleness
it

calmly, quietly
4J.I4J

haddaika gentlyl slowlyl take

tahdi'a

oalming, quieting, pacifi-

easy!

cation, tranquilization, appeaaement, re-

*Xf mihadda rock crusher, jawbreaker


bJ+f tahdid pl. -t threat,

assurance

slowing down, slow driving

menace;
extortion

in-

^aU
tranquil,

hddi*
still
|

calm,
wiill
;

quiet,

peaceful,
h.

timidation
threats
(jur.)

jv^Jl

-u-i^j

by

^jU
JUI

al-qaib

of

public

exposure,

blackmail

calm(ly),

confident(ly)

^jU oomease; Il^I

posed(ly), with one's

mind at

^JjO^j tahdidi threatening, menacing


jo+T iahaddud threat,

^L^Jt (muAtf) the Pacific Ocean


<_*-i*

menace; intimi-

hadiba a (hadab) to have long IasheB

dation
fjO+i

(eye); to
(tree)

have long, drooping branches


trim with fringes (*

II to fringe,

mahdd
|

destroyed, demolished,

a garment)
<_>-i*
<_*l-i*l

wrecked

j^ll Jj-14*

m. al-quw weakened,
hxtdb,

debilitated, exhausted

hudub

(coli.; n.

un.
|

!)

pl.

ahddb eyelashes; fringes

^I-iaIj

*Xf muhaddid menacing, threatening;


threatener, menacer

trimmed with fringes,


(bi-ahddbihi) to

fringed; 4jJj*Lj *iJL**


s.o.,

be most devoted to
call,

jJ+*

mvhaddad threatened, menaced

be at

b.o.'b

beck and

be under

s.o.'a

1022

thumb;
apply

^tll

^J+\j (jIm
^iJI

or)

iLr*
-w-I

to to
in,

jli*

haddra waterfall
roaring, roar; surge, raging,

adhere, ding to s.th.;


o.s.

^I-uIj

yi* hadir

to,

attend

to,

engage

storming, uproar

oultivate, practica B.th.

jXp mvhdar yi*


hadib having long laanes

invalid, void

Jii* hadafa

(hadf) to

approaoh
s.o.

v j>1
->la*

(Jl s.o.

or

aAdab*,

f.

La*

hadb'* having

s.th.),

draw or be near

or

s.th. (Jl);
s.o.

long lashes

to aim (Jl at) IV to approaoh (JI


(coli.;

or

kuddb

n. un.

i)

fringes;

s.th.),

draw

or be near s.o. or s.th. (Jl)

edging, border

V
OU-0* hadajn, ^lo*

to strut

to be exposed, be open (J

or Jl to a danger); to be susoeptible or

^0* hadaja

(hadj,

Aw&S;) to shamble, shufHe along, walk

sensitive (J to); to

make
mind

(* s.th.) one's

goal or object,

aim

(* at),

have before

with unsteady, tottering or tremuloua


stepa (old man), totter, hobble, limp II to

one's eyes, have in

(* s.th.)

make

(*

s.th.)

tremble V

to tremble,

ja* hadaf

pl. J\jj>\

ahdf target; aim,

quaver, shake (voioe)

end, object, objective, purpose, design,


intention; goal (in Sports)
|

J Uo*

*L*-

^jj* havdaj
litter,

pl.

r^'j* hawddij* oamel


ohair, litter

to

make

s.o.

the target or object of ...,


to s.th.;

howdah; sedan

expoee

s.o.

J Uo* OtT to be

j>u hadara

(hadr,

y-u

hadlr)

to peal,
(sea);

exposed, be open to...;


(harbiya) mitary targete
<Ji1o*

O V^-

<J'J*I

rumble,

roll

(thunder); to Brge

to roar (lion); to bray (donkey, oamel); to olamor, raise a dm, be noisy; to storm,
rage, rant, shout, bawl, bellow (person)

haddf sharpshooter, marksman


(praetioe) target

uUo* hadafn

to snarl (in a fury); to bubble, bo,

JiJ^t mustahdif exposed, open (J to


s.th.)

simmer; (with w) to blare

s.th.

out;

(hadr, hadar) to be in vain, be

ut made to

Ja* hadala
i (hadl)

(JjO*

Kad) to 000 (pigeon);

no

avail (effort); to

be spent uselessly
(hadr) to ahed in

(money); to be shed in vain or with

impunity (blood);
vain or with

s.th.);

Hadila a (hadal) and V to hang


dangle; to flow, be wide and

to let down, let hang, dangle (*

loosely,

impunity (* blood); to
squander,

loose (garment)

spend
effort

uselessly,

waste

(*

J.ul

ahdaP,

f.

V-u hadUT*,

pl.

Ja*

or money); to ruin (* the health)


(* s.th.);

hvdl hanging

down

loosely, flowing

IV to regard as nonexistent
void (* B.th.); to thwart,
IjO*

to
JOf* muhaddal hanging
flowing

oonsider invalid (* s.th.); to invalidate t


foil,

down

loosely,

ruin (* s.th.)
l*a*

hadran uselessly, to no avail; in


|

Kadarna

(hadm) to tear down, pull


wreok,
demolish,

vain, for nothing, futilely

IjO*

^j

to

down,

raxe,

destroy

melt away uselessly,


in vain, be wasted

futilely,

be spent

(* s.th.); to tear

up

(* s.th.) II to tear

down, pull down,

raxe, wreok, demolish,

destroy (* s.th.); to tear up, blast, blow


jO* hudr
jlo*
rential,
fall,

tumble
swirling,

up
rushing,
tor*

(* s.th.)

to be tarn down, be razed,

haddr
roaring,

be demollshed, be destroyed, be wiped


out; to be dilapidated; to
fall

raging;

surging (sea);

down,

weir; spillway, millraoe

break down, oollapse VII do.

1023

JJ
direct (Jl

* JUt

hadm

razing, pulling

down, wreok-

s.o. to),

ahow

{ a.o.)

the

way

ing (of a building) ; demolition, deatruction


(.0*

(Jl to); to lead ( s.o., to

the true faith);

hidm

pl. * lo*l pl.

aAddm, *o* Afamold,


fj.u Aiwifim clothes,

to supply, bring, procura (* B.th.);


(.lo*

(Jl

worn garment;
olothing
* lo* * l.u

hid*) to bring, lead,

conduct

U
to

the

bride

to

the

bridegroom)
(

III

exchange preaenta

with

a.o.)

IV to

haddm destructive

bring, lead, conduct (Jl

the bride to

huddm

seaaickneas

the bridegroom); demolition


(Jl

to

give as a preaent

<

o^;

tahdim

wreoking,

or J * s.th. to * with),

s.o.), s.o.
(

preaent (Jl or J

a.o.,

make

Jl or J)

a preaent

deatruction, annihilation
At*

of (*); to dedicate (Jl or J * B.th. to

tahaddum

fall,

downfall,

craah,

s.o.),

confer, bestow,

award

(* e.g.,

an

Or-

collapse,
>ol*

breakdown

der); to send, convey, transmit (*


s.th.)

to a.o.

Addim cruahing, devastating, andestructive ;


destroyer,

V to be

rightly guided, be led well;

nihilating,

de-

to get (Jl to), reach (Jl a place, B.th.)

molisher
(jJ+*

VI to make each other preaenta, exchange


preaenta; to exchange

among each other


exchange

maAdfim torn down, razed, de(* s.th., also L=JI at-tahiya to

molished, wrecked, deatroyed


greetinga, greet or aalute each other); to
f0+

muhaddam and
in

fJ^i.

mufaAadrftm

guide, lead, conduct, take, bring


to
(in

( s.o.);

torn down, razed, demolished, wreoked,


deatroyed;
ehackle,
p'|-

away

to and fro, awing rhythmically

ruina,

dilapidated,

ram-

walking); to walk with a swinging

tumble-down
mustahdim dilapidated, tumble-

gait; to Btride; to

move forward, move

on, advance; to get (Jl to), reach (Jl a


place); to get as far as (Jl), penetrate
(Jl

down

(wallfl)

to);

to flock (Jl to
a.o.)

B.o.),

rally

(Jl

o* hadana

(jJ* hvdn) to be or

beoome
III to

around

VIII to be rightly guided,


led,

quiet; to oalm down, quiet

down

be led on the right way; to be

be
the

oonclude a truce
1J.U

with
-i

b.o.)

ahown, be taken

(Jl,

to); to find

hudna

pl.

oalm(neaa), quiet-

way
upon

(Jl

to);

to find, deteot, discover


B.th.
e.g.,

neas, peace, tranquillity, atillneas; pause,

(Jl s.th.),

oome upon
or J,

(Jl); to hit

intermisaion, cessation; truce, armistice

s.th. (Jl

an

idea),

be

made aware, think


ilo*

(Jl or

J of), arrire

hiddna truoe, armistioe;

peace
(Jl

or J at); to be led back, find one'a


(Jl to

jJ*

hvdn

oalm(neaa),

quiet(ness),

way back
from
(t_j

the true faith, j* away


(._*

peace, tranquillity, atillneas


4Jjlf>

evil); to

be guided

by

s.o.),

take

muhdana concluaion of a

truce,

b.o.

or a.th.) aa an
s.o. 's (<^)

example or model,

truce negotiationa
o*o* Kadhada to rock, dandle

follow

lead

to aak to be

rightly guided,
(

pray

for divine guidanoe,

ohild)

aeek the right


,j-u

way

a*o* AwdAui pl. o*lo* hadhid* hoopoe


(sool.)

hady guidance, direotion ; way,


oourae, direotion;

road,

manner, mode,

,^0* At2d

(Aotfy, tfO*
( a.o.)

hudan, ilo* A&Sya)

faahion
,^0*

to lead
( a.o.,

on the right way, guido

hudan right guidanoe


sense);

(eap., in

on a courae); to guide, ahow,

religioufl

guiding,

leading

(of

iP*
s.o.); right

1024

way, true

to be on the right

&J* J* religion way; to embraoe the


|

&"

wj i^j

toJitfib

expurgation, emendation,

oorreotion; rectification ; rerision; trainingj Instruction; eduoation, upbringing;


oulture, refinement

true religion;

^.U

> J*
jU
to
(line

aimleasly, at

random; ^-u j* J
lesaly
liji

wander aim-

vgiv
hadya,
hidya
of) oonduct,

tah4ibi

of

or

pertaining

to
in-

eduoation,

educational,

eduoative ;

procedura, policy, courae, way, direction

structive, didactie
t^ifj

manner, mode, fashion


*j-U

taha$$ub upbringing,

mannen,

kadiya

pl.

Wo

hady

gilt,

education

present, donation; offering, sacrifice


*jt.U

V*4 muhafib
J

teaoher, eduoator
well-

hidya guidance

*jJ-u

j%

V-Lf muAo^a& well-mannered,

without divine guidance, aimleasly, at

bred, refined, polished, urbane, cultured,

random
t^-ul oAoVS

educated, well-bebaved, polite, courteous


better guided; more correct,

V^
ous

2*

mutaha44*t> well-mannered, well-

more proper, better


l-ul

bred, refined, polished, urbane, cultured,

ihd*

presentation;

donation,

educated, well-behaved, polite, courte-

grant(ing); award, bestowal, conferment;

dedication (of a book)

j* Aarfora u

(Aarfr)

to

prattle,

babble,

jU hdin

pl.

-n, *l-u

hudh leading,

prate, talk nonsense; to blurt out, blab


(._

guiding; leoder, guide


(ji+. jc+*

s.th.) II to joke,

make

fun, jest
rail-

mahdiy rightly guided; Mahdi


muhtadin rightly guided

jXm ha4r prattle, babble, idle talk;


lery,

taunting words

jXh hatfar prattle, babble, idle talk;


k

hdd (dem. pron.),

f.

-i*

h4ihi,

^i*

mockery, scoffing
jXm ha4*r prattling, garrulous
(.jj*

Adjit, pl. V_J* Ad'ufcJ',

dual m. lj* Ad*


|

gni,

f.

UU

Afdn this one, thia

Ij^i

fo-AdaM

hereby,

herewith;

II+J

li-h&fd

Aarframa

to

babble, jabber, prattle,

therefore, for thia reason; lj> -. here-

prate

with; in spite of

it,

neverthelesa; l Jl li

(S an) besides, moreover, furthermore,


what'B more;
j IJ>
besides, moreover,

jyi hufil

pl.

JJII

ha4liP elevation,

hillook; little river, small

stream

furthermore, what's more; on the other

JJJ .U^
^i ha4&

&W AutflfiJi

hyperbola (math.)

hand; -Wjjj

IJU

(yjadu) besides, there


(ha4y,

LJ* hafayn) to talk


be delirious

irrationally, rave,

^j* ha4aba
to
s.th.),

i (Aorfb)

to prune, trim (* B.th.);


oleanse,

l-U Aurfd" raving, irrational talk, de-

olean,

purify,

smooth
flg., e.g.,

(*

lirium

polish (* s.th., also

the

style) II do.; to

improve, refine (*

s.th.);

lJ* hatfay&n

senseless

jabber, rig-

to reotify, set right, correct (# s.th.); to

marole, raving, drivel, delirium; State of

check, revise (* s.th.); to bring


child); to eduoate, instruot

up

absent-mindedness; folly; madness, insanity, mania, oraze; hallucination


iL

s.o.)

pasa.

cf

II

hiin delirious, raving

1025

J-J
V_* Tnahrab
of)
pl. uJjLf.

jk harra

{j jM harir) to growl; to whimper,

mahrib (place
9

whine
jM kirr
pl.

refuge,

retreat,
|

sanctuary;

Sight,

Ijjh hirara tomcat; cat

escape, getaway

i.

^^. V

(makraba)

inescapable, unavoidable
Ijh hirra pl. jj> hirar cat

jjt
cat)

harir

growling, growl; yelping,


spitting
(of

^-tjV tahrib illicit trade, trafficking; smuggling, smuggle, contrabandism

whining,

whimper(ing);

Vj'* hrib

fugitive,

runaway, on the

run; a runaway, a fugitive, a refugee;

yy

huraira kitten

deserter; see also alphabetioally


k

\j*

hara'a a to tear, lacerate (* a.th.); to

r'_**

muharrib

illicit

dealer, trafficker;

wear
affect

out,

wear

off (*

a garment); to
grievouflly, try,

smuggler

strongly,
out,

beset

V'_*+*
j* haraja
in

tnuharrab

pl, -t

smuggled goods,

wear

hrm, hurt

( s.o.);

to irritate

contraband
%

(* the skin); to
II

be bitingly cold (wind)


{harj) to
II

to cook too much, overdo (* meat)

he excited, agitated,

IV

H; V

to be overdone (meat); to be

commotion

to

make

{ s.o.)

drunk,

torn, lacerated VIII to be torn, lacerated,

befuddle, cloud, fog, blur

( s.o. 's

mind

mangled, torn to pieces; to be worn out,

or perceptions) ; to joke,

make

fun, jest

shabby
*\jh hur' prattle, idle talk

(j in convereation)

j* harj excitement, agitation, commotion ; disorder, muddle, confusion


|

*<SJ+*

muhtari*

overdone,

boiled

to

Bhreds; torn, lacerated, mangled; worn


out,

C-^J ->* chaos

ua - flW '7)

turmoil,

confusion,

shabby

yf
~tjh

niuharrij jester, clown, buffoon

haraba

u (harab

<->jj*

hurb, wj^f
flee

mahrab, obj* harabn) to


to escape
(,>.

*U-y harjala chaos, muddle, confusion


C~L>>j*
?iardabat

(Jl

to);

a danger); to desert; to
II

bunoombe,
junk

nonsense

run away, elope ( with)


s.o.)

to help

trash, rubbiah,

to escape; to force to

flee,

put to
a prisor

flight ( s.o.); to liberate, free (

^j*

harasa

(hars) to crush,

mash, squash,

oner)

to

rescue
;

(*

a
;

distrained

bruise,

pound pound

(* s.th.); to tenderize

by

impounded thing
illicit

jur.)

to

engage in

beating,

until tender (* meat)

trade, to traffio; to smuggle


(,>. s.th.);

to

<-tjM harisa a dish of


[eg.)

meat and bulgur;


flour,

eaoape, elude

to shirk, dodge,
like)

a sweet paatry made of

melted

evade (^* a duty, or the

butter and sugar

^jM

harab

flight,

escape,

getaway

^1^

harrs
J

pl. -t

steamroller

desertion; elopement
~jjj>>

O
runaway, on
ref-

*-ly>

T ia harrsa steamroller

hurb

flight

^-lyf- mihra pl.


ljy

^HjW* mahris* mor-

harbdn

fugitive,

tar

the run; a runaway, a fugitive, a

ugee
i-j(j*

^jh

II

to

sow dissension

(,ju

between,
(

among)
harrb ooward

III

to quarrel, wrangle
(

with);

to dally, joke, hanter

with)

Jv
J.j*

hart scratohing; wear and tear,


depreoiation
(of
tools,

ijj*
cal,

Aarami

pyramidlijce,

pyramidi-

attrition,

ma-

pyramidal

chinery, etc.)
i/\j*\

ahrmi pyramid like, pyramidi-

^'j* hiri quarrel, wrangle


J>lj4*

cal,

pyramidal

mahri worn

out, battered

fj

Aartm decrepit,

senile;

advanoed

in years, aged, old; old


jij* harfaqa to

man
Btern,

become a

heretic
(

ULy
(CAr.)

harfaqa hereey
pl.

j^*j*

harmasa to be grave,

gloomy

(face)

Sj^j* haTfqi

<Mj harfiga heretic


Oj*j* hormn
pl. -dt

hormone

JWIj hardtiqi heretic (Chr.)


\}j* hurfunin

jMjM harhara to move, shake {* s.th.); to

a brand of oata
and
pass.
to)

attack ( J*

s.o.)

Hjj*)
fj*
hara'a

'j*

fort (harw) to oane, thrash,


{ s.o.)

a (hara')
hasten,

Auri'a to
II

wallop
*j\j*

hurry,
hurri'a

ruah

(JI

pasa.
hirtoa
pl.

and IV ahra'a do.

ifj\jM

harwd

stick,

cane; cudgel, truncheon, club

9j* hara' hurry, haste, rush


f-lj

Aura* hurry, haste, ruah


i

Slj AarA 1 Herat (city in


tfjjM Aarau* of

NW

Afghanistan)

Herat

uij harafa

(harf) to praise exoessively,


(<-

shower with extravagant praise


or
s.o.)

s.th.

t}jj*

harwala to walk fast; to hurry, hasten,

rush ( JI to)
s.th.)

3jM haraqa a {harq) to shed, spl (*

iljj* Aarwala quick pace, haste, hurry

IT do.; to

Bacrifloe (* s.th.)

jji* muharwii hurrying, speeding; in


spilled

ji^i muhrq poured out,

a hurry
tfj*

li^ mahraqn, muhraqn, muhruqn


shore, ooast; ocean
\j*\

hury

pl. Ijl aAra"

granary

jU
|

hrin reeling, tottering, unsteady


(<~>

ihrdq sbedding, spling

Jij*l

jm hazza u (hazz) to shake

.UjJI

i.

ad-dimS bloodshed

or * s.th.); to

swing,

brandish,

tjji*

muhrag

spilled,

sbed;

wre
s.o.)

(*

a lanoe or
rock

(pl.

Jjl+-

sword); to jolt to and


s.o.);

fro, jog,

{
|

mahdriq*) parchment;
Jij*
hiraqP,

waz paper
(Byzantine

to

make
^_

tremble; to con-

vulse, shake, rock, upset,

sway

(* s.th.)

hirqiP

Heraclius

*-JcJ>

(katifaihi)

to ahrug (one's

emperor); Heroules
Shoulders);
*j harima
*J\j

j*

(ra'sah)

to

nod,

a (Aaram, J+* mahram, <*jf


senile
s.th.)

shake one's head; *Li


its tail II

y (daah) to wag
wave
a shock;
swing,

mahrama) to beoome
II to

and decrepit

to shake, swing, brandish,


to be

minoe, ohop (*

(# s.th.)

moved, agitated, shaken,


shake,

jolted, upset, oonvulsed, receive

aj*

Aaram decrepitude,

senility; old

age

to

move,

stir,

sway,

fj

Aaram

pl.
|

>>l^*t

aAram, oLI^a! frustum

vibrate, cecillate VIII do.; to tremble,

ahrdmdt pyramid

u-li jv*

quake, quiver; to be moved, touohed,


deeply affected (J by
);

of pyramid, trunoated pyramid (math.)

to rook (rider on

1027

J;
itj*

a camel)
tu

lj*T

J j^J V
is

thia won't affeot


dis-

Auz'a object of ridicule, butt of

greatly,

this

not likely to

derieion, laughingstoek
ilj*

concert b, thia will hardly cause us any

Auza'a mooker, aai-cast; Boorner,

headache; U-y ^*l (farahan) to tremble


with joy;
elated
ja

Ui
s.th.

disdainer, despiser
Ij4-

Jl

JU1

(qalbuh) to be

by

moaza'a derision, soorn, disdain,

contempt; mockery; acornful laugh ter,


hazxa
(n.vic.)
pl.

-dt

motion,

sneer
l_^i-l
istihta*
|

movement,
oonvulaion;

stir,

commotion, agitatioD
puah;

jolt, jog,

(electrio)

mockery,

ridicule, de-

shook
shake

Vibration,
|

oeoillation ;

tremor,

rision, soorn

*\jf+>\j

mockingly, derisive-

4--ijl lj* (arflya)

seismio ahook,

iy

earthquake;
{jarab, farah)

(^>ill,

Vj^l)

jj^JI

1>

^jU

hxi*

mooker, aooffer

joyous eicitement, delight,


U/4=- muatahzV mooker, sooffer

rapture
J
apirits

hizta

livelineaa,

vivaoity,

high

j-

j* hizabr, hizbar

pl.

j Ij*

hazdbir* lion

rjk hazija a to Bing ^JA Aaza; name of a poetic meter


**-jj*l

Jlj* hazzz shaking, jolting; rocking;


rolling,

Bwinging;

shaker

(in

concreto

eonstruction, for ooal, and the Uke)

uhzja
i

pl.

jUI
laugh

atif;1 song
II (ejj.)

>j*
wind)
ijt*
;

hazlz bluster(ing), sough (of the

jj* hazara

(hazr) to

to joke,

rumbling,

roll (of

thunder)

make
jlj*

fun, jest

mdhazza eicitement, agitation


tahziz

Adr

(eg.)

joking, jesting, fun-

> J^j
ing

movement,

making
agitation, shak-

Vj*
j*

Aazr

pl. -dt

nightingale
to

jly*t ihtizz oonvulaion, sbock; trembling, shaking, tremor; swinging, oeoillation,

haza'a

(hat*)

hurry,

be quiok

Vdo.

Vibration;

eicitement,

agitation

com motion, emotion


jl>*l ifUixdza (n. vic.) tremor, Vibration

mJm
Jj* hazala
paas.

hazl' part of the night

(hazl, huzl), hazila

a (hazal) and
lean, lean,

huziia

to
lose

be

emaoiated,

s+

muhtazz

trembling,

tremulous,

skinny;

to

weight,

become
i

shaking, quivering
Ija haza'a, *^jm hazi'a

skinny, emaoiated;

hazala

(hau) to

joke, talk lightly, jokingly; to cause to

(ja

haz\

huz', }j*

lose weight,

make

lean, emaciate, ener-

huzu,

jj

huzu,

i\jf*

mafua'a)

to

vate

( s.o.)

II to emaciate,

waste away,
fun, jeat

Bcoff, jeer, aneer,

laugh (j- or

^ at), make
mook mook

enervate

( s.o.) III

to joke,

make

fun (j* or lj of), deride, ridicule,


(j- or
*_>

with

s.o.)
(

IV to emaciate, waste away,


s.o.)

s.o.)

V and

to deride,

enervate
lean

VII to be or become

(,>oru

s.o., s.th.,

also J*)
derifiion,

ja o2*, Aiu*

and jj* Auzu*

Jj* Hazl joking, jesting, fun

Boom, disdain, contempt; mookery


Jj*
hazli

jooular,

funny,

amusing,

jj*

Aui'I

mocking, derisive

droll,

humorouB; humoristic; comioal

Jj.
*Jj* hazliya or *J_^ *Ajj

1028

comedy (theat.)

^r* kasaa

{Haas) to whisper

J_^ hazil joker, jeater,


wit

funnyman, wag,

^r* host whisper, whispering; soliloquy

^
leannese, skin(

huaa huahl quiet! eence!

Jly Aua emaciation;


ninesa
J!^>
azzJ joker,

x~ hoste whisper, whispering sound _r


hiatology

jeater,

funnyman,

L*-_jJji-fc histljiy

wag, wit
Jjj
hazll pl.

L je-* and

j^-j* hittiriy hysteria


histlri hyateric{al)

J_^ fauld lean, skinny,


1

j>l-

emaciated
Uj4- mahiala
pl.
-dt,

JjUf-

maAdz 1

ai*

AaiJa

(Zjl* huSfa) to be orisp (bread)


(^ill* a&,
spirits,

oomedy
Jjl*

in

Uli* AaAa) to be
(J or

good

diaplay a cheerful mien,

Adz

joking,

jocose,

jocular,

wear a smile; to smile

at s.o.),

funny, humorous, amusing; joker, wag,


wit
|

meet

s.o. (J

or

^)

in

a courteous, amiable
kindly; to cheer up

JjU i_^ {^uhuf) funnies, Comics

manner, receive

s.o.

JjJ$-

mahzl

pl.

Jj j I4-

maAzil 1

(J over or because of ),

be delighted ( J by)

emaciated, wasted, haggard, gaunt ; weak,


feeble

u
(

to drive away, chase


like);

away

(* fliea,

and the
i

(haSS) to

chop

off

J* a leavea

for the cattle) II to cheer up,

*j*

hazama

(hazm) to put to
(

flight, rout,

enliven
^jZa

(* s.o.), raise s.o. 's {) spirits

vanquish, defeat

the enemy); to put


(

out of action, neutralize

an Opponent)

hoff delicate, fragile ; crisp, brittle,

TU

to be defeated, be routed, be put to

orumbly, friablo; fresh and soft; gay,


cheerful,

night
+j> hazm vanquishing, routing; defeat

happy,

lively, brisk

^ili*
,jixi*

haM
haHS

soft,

crumbly, friable

fp
flight,

hazim

roll

of thunder, rumbling,

soft

rumble,

thunder;

Boeing,

fugitive,

in

LI Li* ha&$a gaiety, cheerfulness, hap-

on the run
hazima
pl.

piness

<e_j*

/lj haz'im* defeat,


rvjy

^SU
happy

hSS
|

crisp;

blithe,
{b&S)

cheerful

rout

** jAt

rjj

al-h.

defeatiam
defeat,

bright-faced

^ib ^il

gay and

1*1^1

inhizm

(auffering

of)

fruetration ; rout, (disorganized) ight


l/I^jI inhizmi pl. -n defeatiat

^
JL*

Autf hush! quiet! silence!

Aaioma
s.th.);
e.th.)

(Aa^m) and

II

to deatroy (* to orush (*

Ll^j1 inhizmlya defeatism jkj* hazhaxa to move, agitate, ah&ke, shook, convulse, upset (*,
II

to

amaah

{* a.th.);

V and

TU

to be or get amashed,

jolt,

destroyed

s.o.,

a.th.)

tahazhaza to be moved, agitated, shak-

~i*

haMm

frail,

fragile;

dry stalks,

en, convulsed, upset, reoeive a ahook


ozAii* J*J* hazhaza pl. j*\j*

atraw, chaff

moveed

^U hHml Hashemite
JL4*

ment, agitation, ahock, oonvulsion, 00mmotion, diflturbance

muhaSSath destroyed

(city)

orush-

102

* hapara

{hafr) to pull

toward

o.a.,

bend

J>*
JLj>

A/J:

jLU-*VI

J^L*

A.

al-amfr

down
s.th.)

(m s.th.,e.g.,

a brauch); to produce
break (*

downpour, heavy rain


AaifaJ
pl.

a crack or break

(* in), orack,

*1LU hayta,

JLU
flit

hayfit* fox

hafr epithet of the lion


tJt*

Aa0a

(._'.,<*

a/t/) to pass swiftly,

iJ

mm

hatjhfa

{ha$4)

to walk

fast,

move

past; to flash; to bruah, touch lightly;


i

briakly, advance, progrees, get

on

{ha,

hafxf)

to

blow, whiffle, sough


|

(wind); to spread, waft (fragranoe)

u^i Juufaba
bose

**

i (hatfb)

to he long-winded, ver-

Jl <_ii
<J L

(na/*Afi) he
it

yearned for
all

. , . ;

Ju>

J*

oocurred to him

of a Budden,

L-i* ha/a

pl. u->U**

hi4db

hill,

eleva-

it

flashed acrosa his

mind
light

tum, mountain

Ju

hiff

empty;

light-headed,

i*

hatfama

(Aatfm) to digest (* the food;


;

thoughtless, frivoloue
Jili* hafff flashing, sparkling, shining; blowing (wind); light, fleeting; thin

of the Btomaoh)

to oppreas, terrorize,
(.

outrage, wrong, treat with injustioe


s.o.);

to stand, bear, endure


(* a.th.),

( s.o.);

to

and transparent, diaphanous


<J_>jJI

stomach

put up with

s.th. {*)

al-huff

Hofuf

(ohief

town of

VII to he digested Till to oppreas,


{ s.o.),

wrong

al-Hasa

district in

Saudi Arabia)

do

{ s.o.)

an injustioe

U+* mihajfa fan ; feather duster


-**

ka4m
|

digestion;

patienoe, long*

Buflfering

^JU-I

-** forbearance, com-

<J>ip mahff light-headed, irreaponsible, reckless,

pliance, indulgence; /rl\


easily digestible, light

J4- aaM

al-h.

unscrupulous

c-i* hafata

% {Haft,

oli*

Kujat) to fall

down,

^^U* Ka$ml
fj~i*

digestive, alimentary
digestible,

oollapse; to be nonsenaioal, absurd; to

ha^m

agreeing,

talk nonsense VI to pounce, rush,

fall,

wholesome

plunge (J on or into); to crowd in (J


on),

i ha^xm
preased,

digested;

digestible; op-

over the other,

throng, flook (J* to), tumble one fall all over themaelves;

terrorized,

outraged ;

Blender,

to suffer a breakdown; to oave in, collapae,

slim
hatfima encroachment, inroad,
injuatice,
(U-i^jl

break down; to be broken, wrecked,

ruined (nerves)

wrong, outrage, oppression

bt* haftn
spent,

(eg.)

weak, exhauated,

inhifm digestion; digestibUity

weakened
tahfut
collapae,

(_>*+

makfm

digested; digestible; op-

CJI4J

breakdown

pressed, terrorized, outragod

-*L*^|1 C-jL^j t^Jl>


j

nervous breakdown

^L* IV to protrude the neck


j-uJI

(in

Walking)

Hat wrong, erroneous (opinion)

*L*I

f (

adw) to run fast


'AL hajaln, JLL^J taA^SJ)
fall

0>*P
plexed

mahft baffled, startled, per-

JL* hafala

i (Kofi,

to flow in torrents,

heavily,

pour

j*UI look up alphabetioally


hafhafa to be slender, alim; to float in

down
JL*

(rain)
hifl

VI do.
the air II tahafhafa to be Blender, slim

wolf

1030

Li+i* hafkafa sough, whispering of the

*J

AoJ
direot

interrogative

partiole

introduoing

wind
Jil+u
hafhf
slender,
aliin,

and

indirect queation; also prefirat


I

svelte;

oeding the
question:
f

alight, frail, delicate;

thin, sparse (e.g.,

J hol am whether
V

part of an alternative

beard);

diaphanous,

transparent

gos-

or

samery;

light, weightless,

defying gravi-

^U ha

>

is

(or does)

not

...?

ty; flowing, waving, fluttering

why

not?
i

J4*+* muhafhaf slender, lim, Bvelte;


thin
(>#)
Li*

hatia

(haU) to appe&r,

oome up, show

(new moon); to begin, set in (month)


kaf u
(kafw, ij*

kafwa, o\ji
lapse,

II

to say the words l iiha id Uah; to

hafawn) to

slip,

commit a
starved;

make
hurry,

ahout with joy, rejoice, exult, jubate;


to applaud, aoolaim, oheer (J
s.o.)

a mistake; to err; to be weak with


hunger,
famished,
to

IT to

appear
to offer

(new moon) ; to cheer, exult

rush (Jl to); to reaoh quickly


a.th.),

(Jl

for
:

snatch (Jl at
s.o. (Jl to),

B.th.);

with

induoe
(Jl);

tempt

s.o.

to do a.th.
fly,

up (J y an animal to a deity) V to shine, gleam, glow, be radiant; to beam with joy (faee); to be delighted,
jubilant; to cheer, rejoioe, exult, jubate

(jm hafv>, hufw) to flutter,

float in the air;

to throb violently, beat

VII to

fall

heavily, pour
with),
(

down

(rain)

to

feverishly,
oited,

flutter,

be paasionabely exesp., with.

begin

(j

take ap,
B.th.),

undertake,

be impassioned (heart;

tackle, attaek

embark (j upon)

love) ; to feel
Ij

a demre, yearn
pl.

Jl for) (
slip,

to begin, set in (new month); to reise

one's voioe; to intone, strike

up

(*

hafwa

hafawt

lapse,

tune); to begin, start (* a task); to open,


begin, introduoe, initiate
(l-

error, mistake, fault, offense, ein

* B.th.

with

JU

hfin famiahed, starved

or by)

jlz* hilctr pl. -<B heotare


Ii5s*

hkatfd

so,

thus, this

way, in thia

J-U hOl pl. Ul ahia, JJUl ahdP new moon; half- moon, oreaoent; parenthesis; any areaeent-Bhaped objeot

manner

JlU hH
alphabetically

lunar; creaoent-ahaped, lu-

JC*

look

up

nate, siokle-shaped

C* V to be dilapidated, ramshackle, tumble-

JJ> hatai fright, terror, dismay

down; to
scoff; to

fall

down,
(<-

oollapae; to

mook,
s.o.),

J-V

taJUU pl. JJl; fofcUfP utteranoe

make fun

or J* or

of

of the formula Id ha
exultation, jubilation;

M U&h;

rejoicing,

ridicule, deride, jeer (cj, J,

s.o.);

to be

applause,

acola-

annoyed (J# by), regret ( J


**jj> vAfctima derision,
I

s.th.)

mation, aoolaim, oheering, cheen


Jl^'

mookery, taunt,

tahaul joy, jubilation,

exulta-

gibe

tion

$^J tAotfcttm mockery, derision, soora,


irony, aarcasm

J ^A^s-I

tihidl beginning, opening, in-

troduotion, initiation
derisive, sar-

^4! tahakkuml mooking,


oastio, scornful

JS#s-l utihUttl incipient,

initial, start-

ing, opening, introductory, initiative ironical

&U

muiahakkim mocking,

JLf. muhailal

arescent-ahaped, lunate

1031

dlU
f-jI* hal"

JI41. mutahallil jubant, rejoicing, ex-

impatient, restless, uneasy,

ultant; radiant, beaming

anxious; dismayed, appalled


JJj> hiauf bearded; bristly

JfX~* mustahatt beginning, start, outset


i_-U

haliba

a (halab) to be hairy, oovered

JU kalqama to gulp down, devour (* s.th.)

with hair

dJU halaka
>_i>

(halle,

hvlk, 6*** hcUk, 'v

halib

hairy,

covered

with bair;

tahluka)
nihilated,

to perish;

to die; to

be anII

ahaggy, hireute
i_iA huib >_i>
(coli.; n.

wiped out, destroyed


(a s.th.)
j

and

im.

hair, bristles

IV to ruin, destroy

^>ji-\ jJUI

hb

pl.

^ ">Ul ahlb anchor, grapnel,


f.

JUlj

(hart, nasl)

to destroy lock, stock


o.s.,

grappling iron, boat hook

and barrel VI to exert


utmost (j
in);

do one'
throw

to pounoe,
to
fight

fall,

U*\

ahlab*,

LU

halb'*,

pl.

^1

o.s.

(J*

upon);

desperately

huib hairy, hirsute, ahaggy


">U

hulba lochia (med.)

(Je for); to oovet, orave (J* s.th.); to feel enthusiasm (J* for), devote o.s.
eagerly (Je to), go
all

out (Je for); to

i^i-f

muAaMa&iya a desaert resembling


rice flour,

beoome languid,
in

tired,

weak; to drop
risk

blancmange, made of
sugar
Li*
halilaj

milk and

utter exhaustion (Je on); to break


collapse

down,

VII
o.s.,

and VIII to
act desperately

and ~L1*I

ihlilaj

myrobalan,

danger, imperil
exert
o.s.,

to

emblic

(fruit

of Phyllanthua emblica L.;

do

one's

utmost

in)

bot.); ellipse (geom.)

to waste, squander, apend, exhaust, use

up,

consume
amortize

(* s.th.); to discharge,

pay

^JJ>l
|

ihlllaji elliptic(al)
off,
i

_f

(* a debt); pass. ustuhlika

rl*

halasa

(hals)

to emaciate, consume,

to perish, die

waste away
hulisa to

( s.o.;

of a disease); pass.

JJU hvlk death

destruction, ruin

be conauraptive, Buffer from


tuberculosis
II

*U

halka, halaka total loss, ruin, dedisaater ;

pulmonary

to

waate

Btruction ;

jeopardy ,

perilous

away, become lean, emaciated, haggard;


to talk nonsense IV to smile

Situation, danger
li tjU

halh total

loss,

ruin, destruc-

^J*

hals

emaciation, wasting away;


tuberculosis,

tion

perdition, eternal

damnation
pl.

pulmonary

consumption,
iLf.

mahlaka, mahluka, mahlika

phthisis; nonsense, bosh, ailly talk


ifjl+.
1

mahWc* dangerous

place, danger

<-jl* look

up alphabetically

spot; dangerous Situation; danger, peril

JjU

&4J tahluka ruin; jeopardy,


Helsinki Helsinki (capital of Finland) Situation, danger

perilous

*i* hali'a
less,

(hala')

to be impatient or rest-

i^JUlfj

tahluk enthusiasm, zeal, ardor

be anxioua, be in despair
impatience, restlessness, un-

(Je

for), (vivid) interest

(Je in); weak-

-1* hala'

ness, fatigue, languor

easineas; fear, burning anxiety; alarm,

iJ^Lf^l istihlk oonaumption; attrition,

dismay

wear and
impatient, restlose, uneasy,

tear; discharge, amortization


istihlkt

Am

hali'

$ jL*\
m

oonaumer-

(in

00m-

anxioua; dismayed, appalled

pounds;

e.g.,

goods, prices, eto.)

1032

dlU
iJ^U

hlik pl.

haikd,

dU

huak,

Jw jSUa helikoptar helioopter

AuttSi,

dl)1^

AauKP

perishing,

dying; dead; mortal, destruotible, perishable;

JLU

haltiaj

and jLUl

ihltiaj

myrobalan,

doomed to

perdition,

damned;

ir-

emblio

(fruit

of Fhyllanthua emblioa L.;

retrievably loet, irredeemable


diLf*

bot.); ellipae (geom.)

mvhlik destruotive, devastating,


scathing,

^y^LUI ihlUaji

elliptic(al)

annihilating,
nioious,
,

withering;

per-

jJU Ayaun asparagus


1

ruinous,

dangerous,

perilous,

deadly lethal ; medium of destruction or


extermination
Jll^u mutahSUk broken down, down-

>

Auto they (3rd pers. m.


pron.)

pl.

of the pers.

and-out; exhausted
mustahlik consumer

> hamma u (Aamm, **+* mahamma) to diaquiet, make uneasy, fill with anziety,
distress,

grieve

s.o.);

to preoooupy,

interest, regard, ooncern, afleot ( s.o.),

mtutahlak conaumption
LjJl* haily hallelujah
1

be of interest
()

to s.o.); to be

on

e.o.'a

mind, be

s.o.'s ()

ooncern; to worry,

trouble

( s.o.);

to be important, be of
(

>

halumma up get up oome now then come on! onwardl forward! {with acc.)
I ! !

importance or consequence

to s.o.);
(<-*

to

(Aomm) to worry, be concerned


to have in mind, intend, plan

about)
a.th.,

out with
*Jl

. . . !

bring

. .

give

me

(b)

. . . !
|

(^

,jd

{haiumml) now

then,

go

(f.)

do

s.th.);

to

oonsider
s.th. (*);

(*

doing

s.th.),

quickly to himl
let'B

i*

(bi-n)

oome on!
eto.

think of doing

to be about, be

gol

t^

i*j (jarran)

and so on,
limp

going ( b,

^ to do s.th.), be on the point


<_<),

of doing s.th. (jL,

begin to, start


rise,

1* hiam
j

languid,

listless, Black,

doing

s.th.

(jL,

<_j);

to

get

up

">U

hvlm

jelly, gelatio

IV to grieve,
affect,

distress, ooncern,
( s.o.);
()

preoooupy,
s.o.'s ()

y^U hvlmi jellylike, gelatinoua


J1I4J tahlin

regard

to be on

mind, be
Hellenization

s.o.'s

concern; to worry,
(

trouble
s.o.),

s.o.);

to be of interest

to

interest ( s.o.); to

be important,

J4U

halhala to

weave

finely (* a.th., also


B.th.);

be of oonsequence, to matter VIII to be


distressed, grieved, worried

poem), weave flimsily (*

to wear

(^ by); to
about) ;
to

out

(*

a garment),

let it

become shabby,

worry,

be

concerned

(<_

threadbare, thin

concern o.a. (^, oooaaionaUy also J, with)


to feel ooncern
(<-*

J4U

haftal flne; thin, flimay; delicate


fine; thin, flimay; delicate
pl.

(y

for),

take an interest

J>^U hulh
<!_*]*

to attach importance (v to); to be interested (^ in); to look (^ after);


in);

ha&tia

J--^U haldhlP (eg.)

to

pay attention

(<->

to),

take notice to go to
(i_>

wora

dreaa, old rag, tattera

(lj of),

bear in mind

(lj s.th.);

J+Lf* mitAaZAaJ thin, flimay, gauzelike,

trouble,

go to great lengths
s.o.

J on
take

diaphanoua;

finely

wovon

(also,

of a

behalf of or for
care
(-*

about

a.th.); to

poem); wora, shabby, threadbare, tattered, ragged

of s.o.), take

s.o. (t_>)

under one's
(<-j

wing, help, aaaist


for);

(lj s.o.);

to provide
soUoitous

to

be

anxious

or

(J

i-^U haiwasa hallucination; vision

about)

; ;

1033

> kmm
grief,

pl.

|*^>

humum

anxiety,

i.U

hmma

pl. a\jM

katomm} vermin;

ooncern, solicitude; worry, care; sorrow,


affliction,

pest; reptile; see also under tj*


j*j*+*

distress;

interest;

In-

mahmm

concerned,

worried

tention, design, plan; important matter;

anxious, distressed, grieved, sorrowful;

weight,

moment,

importance, significance,

preoccupied; interested

consequenoe

> himm
pl.
-t,

pl. jl>l

ahmm,

f.

i> Attnma,
senile;

A* muhimm important, Bignificant, momentous, weighty, ponderous, grave,


serious; interesting
<*+*

rl* kam'im 2 decrepit,

old

man
muhimma
pl. -t

important matter;

<-*

Aimma

pl.

-> Atmam endeavor,


ardor,

pl.

requirements, exigencies; equipment,


|

ambition, intention, design; resolution,

material(s); stores, supplies, provisions


<jj;

determination ;

zeal,

eagerness
|

high-mindedness, high-aiming ambition


~<*X\

^W* (harblya) war material O^W*


rolling stock
(.-

T^=* {mutaharrika)
1+a

Xju and **it

JU high-aspiring, having
muhtamm
interested
solicitous
in); oon-

far-reaching aims; high-minded

cemed, anxious,
*U*

(-

about)

hammm
humm

careworn, worried; anxeager, aotive, energetio

attentive (- to), mindful (- of)


|<^>

ioua, solicitous;

muAtommd*

tasks,

funotions,

l*

pl,

pU himm high-minded;
heroic, gallant

duties
L>

generous, magnanimous;

>

Am both

of

them

(3rd pers. dual of

oAamm*

more

important,

of

the pers. pron.); see also


greater importance
ij>l

^>

aAammtya

importance,
|

Bignifi-

jji_

l>

humyni imperial
(kamaj) to be hungry
(coli.; n.
flies,

cance, oonsequence; interest

1;>V1 J*
f

~* kamija a

unimportant;

J*

->!

ji*

oo^o) to

attach importance to; jlx* i*>Vl ,> K" Ji*


(fTiaintn)

^ ama?
ahmj small

un.

!)

pl.

^1>I

gnats;

riffraff,

rabble,

to

be of the greatest

ragtag; savages, barbarians

importance
<*+*

maAamma

pl.

fl^*

maAmm' ima\+a

r>

hamaj hunger

*U

-* ravenous

portant

matter ; tak, function, duty


|

hunger, voraoious appetite

oommission, assignment, mission


jj*"i\

j> ama;'t uncivilized, savage; rde;


barbaric, barbai-ous; a savage, barbarian
4_j^>

important mattere; _.^:ll


t

fl$*

m.

al-manfiib

official

duties,

official

funo-

hamajlya savageness, eavagery;

tions

rudeness; barbarism

j,|"

tahmim

lulling

a baby to sleep by

singing
i*~*+i
1*1^*1

a> hamada u (j^> humd) to abate, subside, let up,

calm down, die away, fade


off;

tahmlma lullaby
ihtimm
pl. -t

away, die down, cool


Bmaller, shrink II
Btill,

to

become

concern, interest;

and IV to

quiet, oalm,

anxiety; solicitude; care; attention; en-

appease, placate, soothe, mitigate,


allay,
atifle,

deavor, ambition
l

alleviate,

quell,

suppress,

kmm

important, aignificant, mose-

put out, extinguisb

(* s.th.)

mentoue, weighty, ponderous, grave,


rious; interesting

j^>
(of

humd

extinction;

cooling

off

a passion, and the

like); lull; fatigue,

1034

exhaustioD,

tiredness;

motionleaane&s,

^r [_* hawmia*

mumbled or whispered

torpor; Btihesa, rigidity, rigor; death

words

.uU Hamid calm t quiet,


lifeless; rigid, stiff (corpse)

still,

extinot;

^l> hamaSa u
^r-l*

(harnS) to bite ( s.o.)


(of

hmiS margin
...

a book, page,

^> kamara u
s.th.,

pour out, shed (* water, tears) VII to be poured out,


%

(harnr) to

ete.)

^U

J* on the periphery
lines

of

. .

. ,

on the aide
in

of
. . .

. .

aaide

be ahed; to pour

down

(rain), flow (teara)

from,

connection

with
of

on

the

jf hamra sbower of rain; growl(ing),


snarl(ing)
jfi

ocoasion of..., apropos

^U
(title

Jp

jL>-VI sidenotes of the newe

of a

BBC
hamaza u
i

news commentary)

(hamz) to prick; to drive,


(*,

urge on, prod, goad on

(ji-U hmiil marginal

s.o., s.th.);

to spur (* one's horae); (gram.) to provide

> hama'a a u

to

shed

tears (eye); to

with hamxa

(*

&

letter or

word)

stream, flow, well

jt hamz

spurring, goading, prodding,

il> hamaka u
s.o.

(harnlc)

to urge, presn (j

urging, preeeing; beating, striking, kioking; backbiting, slander


|

innuendoes,

defamatory

(lamz) J.j inainuations

to do s.th.) VII to be engrossed, be

completely

engaged

(j
o.a.

in

s.th.),

be

dedicated (j to), give


o.b.

up, abandon
also J*), be

taunts, gibes, sneers

wholeheartedly (j
becorae

to,

yt hrm

glottal stop before or aftor

lost,

vowel (phon.)
y^ hamza
pl.

pletely

absorbed (J in), be comtaken up, be preoccupied (j

hamazt hamza, the

with)
i\\^\

character designating the glottal stop:

inhimk wholehearted dedication,

(gram.)

^UjJI

lyt

h. al-gaf'

disjunctive
h.

abandon, engrossment, exclusive occupation, absorption; preoccupation


i.1^1*
lost

hamza
,jo

(gram.);

J-^JI

IjA

al-wasl

oonjunctive

hamza

(gram.);

J-fjJI
...

Jj>

munhamik
in),

engrossed, absorbed,

the (connecting) link between

jL> hammi slanderer, backbiter


J*f*

up, preoccupied (J with); given, addicted (j to); dedicated

(j

taken

mihmaz

pl.

jA+ mahmiz 2 spur;

(j to)

goad
Jlrf-

J> hamala u
mihmz
pl.

(haml,

o^

hamaln, J^>

>-.L^*

mahmiz* spur;

humvl) to be bathed in
(eye)

tears,

shed tears
to omit,
fail

goad
,j~fi

IV to neglect (*

s.th.);

leave out (* B.th.); to disregard,

to

hamasa

(hams) to mumble, mutter;


B.th., Jl

to whisper
(f%

(t-.

to

s.o.)

*; jl

consider

or

notioe,

overlook,

forget

(* s.th.); to cease to uae, disuse {* s.th.);

udnihl) to whisper in b.o.'s ear VI to


together,

to

leave

unpointed,

provide

with

no

whisper

exchange whispered

diacritical points (* a conBOnant; gram.)

remarks
i

VI to be careless, negligent,
mutter(ing),

reraias, lazy

r> hams

mumble; whis-

VII to be bathed in tears, shed tearB


(eye); to

per(ing)

pour down
left

(rain)
o.a.,

*->

hamaa pianissimo of a
pl.

singer;

J> hamal

to

to one'

own

whisper;

L* hamast

whispering,

devices, left alone; left untended (cattle)

whispers

neglected, disregarded

1036

Jtl

ihmdl negligence; negleot; der-

then, now,

by now,

at this point

La Jl

ection of duty; carelessnees, heedleasness,

or Lfl here, over here, to this place;


to here, so far,
this

up

inattention ;

nonobservanoe,

dis-

up

to this point,

up to

regard, nonoonsideration
Jl*

hdm

pl.

J> hummal

roving,

hereof,

amount; La j- from here; of this, from this, hence; for this reason,

roaming; vagabond, tramp


J*+* muhm negligent, negleotful, remiss ; careless, heedleas, inattentive, bIovenly J*+* muhmal neglected; omitted; Hin , regarded, not taken into account; obsolete,

therefore;

by

this,

hereby; iJLaj La here

and there
ilLA

hundka and

^JULa hunXika there,


is (are)
|

over there, in that place; there


jjl\

Jy
^*
lil*

iJLa (qaul) there is

a proverh;

4La
iJL*

J( there,

over there, to that place;

from there, from that place;


what'n up? what's the matter?
i

antiquated; laoking,

devoid

of,

JILa

not provided with; without diacritical


points, unpointed (gram,);
letter offlce
|

o^UfLI dead-

tjk hana'a

u a

(j* Aan*, An\ La Aan<3')

Li*lM J*+* without signature, unaigned; *!*+. JLj dead (i.e., undeliverable) letter;

to be beneficial,

wholesome, healthful,

salutary, Balubrioua (J or
s.o.

to

s.o.),

do
(L*

o^U+LI iL

aallat al-m,

(J or
1

good;

^a hanxa a
(->

wastebasket; *!*+.
gible quantity

iS

(kammtya) negU-

hana

to be delighted
(-.

with), take
s.th.)
II

pleasure

in),

enjoy (^

to
s.o.

^i> hamlaja to amble (hone)

congratulate, felicitate {J* or on or on the occasion of ) ; to

*>

himldj

pl.

^JL hamlif ambler,

happy, gladden, delight


enjoy, savor
in)

s.o.)

make V to

ambling horse
^4> hamhama to say "hmm"j to mumble, mutter; to grumble; to growl, snarl; to

(^

s.th.),

take pleasure (^

La hana
blies;

and

La Aan4'a happiness,

hum, bnzz, drone


**4> hamhama
pl.
-t,

good health, well-being; congratu-

lation, felicitation

f[* hamhim*

an inartioulate utteranoe ("hmm, hmm"),


e.g.,

La hina

tar

to expresa astonishment, and the

J* Aani' healthful, salutary, aalubrioua,

like;

mumble, mutter(ing); hum, buzz,


(also, e.g.,

wholesome,
easy,
Ljjit

beneficial;

pleasant,
|

drone
snarl

of an airplane); growl,

agreeable;
<JU

smooth, comfortable
Il^a

liA

or

Aant'an

mari'an
I

(j>) U* ham u (hamw) to flow; to pour


forth
l
;

approx.:

may
will

do you much good!


it (i.e.,

see also alphabetically

hope you

enjoy

food)!

i^j
j hanna
(Jl for)
i

toAnt'a pl. 'jl^j iahni' 2 congrat-

to weep, sigh; to long, yearn

ulation, felicitation

jL*

hni*

happy,

delighted,
girl,

glad

hunna they
pron.)

(3rd pers.

f.

pl.

of the pers.

Bervant;
<i+*

&U

Anv'a servant

maid
well-

muAannt*

congratulator,

*i> hana see under


*La

_^j

wiener
here, over here,
foll.

hun and L** AdAund


in this place;

01*1

al-hind India; the (East) Indiana


LlLUjjJI British India; ^j-aJI

Ulli

hun (with

verb) there,

x-*'

(^*ntya)

; ;

1036

Indochina;
India;
flarfciya

t-ijifi

^l -^

4iAI

(Sarqiya)

East
oZ-

army

engineer;

jlj^T lt"^
electrioal

(&*Arad"5)

Jjr furur

aJ-A.

electrotechnician,

engineer;

the Caribbean Islands, the West

<^jI"
j*Jli

lT"****

(mt'mdri) architect
to
order, array,

Indies

handama
to

adjust (* to

<jXj>

hindl Indian ;
|

(pl.

ji*

hvnd) an

s.th.);

make smart,

neat, trim;

Indian

^oiil

J-^l

(muhif) the Indian

dress up, spruce

up

( s.o.)

Ocean;
Indiana

_^i-\ jjiil

(At*mr) the

American
-U* handama

harmony;

orderlineas,

tidiness, neatness, trimness

x+> muhannad sword made of Indian

hindm
<~>Xj>

harmony

orderliness,

tidiness, neatness, trimness; attire, dress,

hindab,

lj-u*

hindibtf

wild chioory,

garb

**\xj>

L*l to adjust one's clothes;

endive

(bot.)

to dress, dress
(^4(fip.,

up
well-ordered,
tidy,
;

j\x* hindz measure


j1.Ua

muhandam
orderly,

vell-

hindxa oubit

65.6 cm)

arrayed;

neat;

trim,

smart; well-dressed
4*4U

made

to measure,

Aarufeua engineering;

meohanical en-

tailor-made (suit)

gineering; arohiteoture, architeotural en-

gineering;

army
j^l

engineering; geometry;
|

si* hanSir
es tte

pl.

jwU>

hanir* {tun.) country

geodesy, aurveying

iui! ^L 'Um
A.

al-h.
Ir-

geometry ;

<- x*

ar-Hyy

tfjUu hungri Hungarian

(adj.

and

n.)

rigation engineering; <*\jfl U-ui! (rd


'ii/a)

agronomy; ^-L

II

iuil (sajAfya)

1J0

II to huxry, hasten,

rush III and TI to


sneer;

plane geometry, planimetry; LplyUl c-4ill


(fargiya)
iil
solid

laugh

contemptuouflly,

to

sob,

geometry, Btereometry;

vhimper
iJU*
1

*--Ua A.
<-4ili

al-mudun town planning;


(mfmrfya) architecture;
A.

and JJL*

see

L*

4jj^1I
l All

441*

aJ-ma&n combat
electrica!

en-

2m

hanam

dried dates

gineering;

yU^^II
A.

i-J^ll (AoAra&fiya)

rU look up alphabetioally
i^-u AwiatAa a
little

electrotechnios,

engineering
while;

JXoUI iu*
ing;
S-J..I

aMd-H*

radio engineer-

AunatAa&

for

i-uiil

(matianiya) civil engi-

little

while
to
lull

neering; i-jKJ.I i-jiil mechanioal engineering


^-.u Aamicut teohnical, technological

jf* hanhana
(J

to sleep with a song

a baby)

o>+> AanAfina
4U Aana
pl. -<B,

lullaby

geometrical; of or relative to meohanioal


engineering; engineering, industrial
4-.4H (Jirga)
|

!/

ol>*
trifle,

hanavxit thing; s.th.


bagatelle; blemish,

oorps of engineers; ol^Jl

unimportant,

S^aiil

(gfltaU)

oorps of engineers; the

defect, fault, flaw

engineers (mtl.)

y* hinw time
i-lm* Atu&Sai =
jI-Ua, see

above
engtneer
agri-

^ +*

muAandu
^Ijj
|

architect ;
(j-fc**

J* Aaniy (= .J*) wholesome,


* AiA (interj.) ohl alasl
ly)

delicious

technician

(tir'i)

woel

(also derogatori

oultural engineer; ,jj-* ^Jc+* ("askari)

oh,

come nowl

1037

O-J*
1

L4A see *L*

rij* see r *
it

^* Auu he;

(3rd pers. m. Bing, of the

\j* see

lj

pers. pron.);

God;

li>* Bee li

(jjm)
_>*

jU

hra u (haur, jjJm hu'r) to be


fall

Auwiya
card

essence,

nature;

00-

deatroyed, craah down,


lapse;

down,

col-

essentiality, consubBtantiality; identity;

(havr)

to pull down, topple,


(*
s.th.,

identity

(=

*t^i'

**UJ,

_^-^
identi-

wreok, demolish, destroy

esp.,

*O^0

*i^' J'jjI
td-h.
{ir.,

aurf

aJ-A.

a building); to bring down, throw to the

fioation

papers, credentials; <u^\


ayr.)

ijf
card;

ground

s.o.)

II to

endanger, imperil,
{ b.o.);

ta4kiral

identity

jeopardize, expoae to danger

to

o^
*_>

cJ^p furt'/a) to be identifled


see

bring down, throw to the ground

( s.o.)

hwa

V
4j*
pl.

to be destroyed, crash down,

fall

down,

collapse; to ruBh headlong into danger

3>* hauta,

hta

Oj*

Auuxzl depreaaion in

to be light-headed, careless, irresponsible;


to elapae, pass, go

the ground; chaam, abyBB

by

(time)

VII to be

demolished or torn down; to orash down,


~jM hawaj
folly,

light-headedneas, rashneas,
fall

down,

collapse; to fall apart (line

thoughtlessness

of argument)
p._j*l

oAttOT*,

f.

!*-_*

a?** 1 ,

pl-

r>*

jjM haur

pl. j\jm\ pl. -t

ahwr lake
danger, peril
pl.
! j l_j*

A; reckless; impatient, rash, thoughtless,

narebrained, precipitate, hasty, fool;

Ijjm haura
tfj \jM

hardy

violent,

vehement, frantio
pl.

hawwri

haxDwra
ir-

U-^*

hau ja' a

rj* hj hurricane,

volunteer;

ahort-term

soldier,

tornado, oyclone
(ijm)

regulr; jl^l irregulr troope

jU hdda u

(havd) to be a

Jew

II to

j>*
less,

hayyir raah, precipitate, thought-

proceed Blowly; to intoxicate, inebriate


( b.o.;

i-considered, imprudent

of wine); to

make Jewish

( s.o.)

jj tahawumr
ness, precipitance

light-headedneaa, care-

III

to be indulgent, forbearing, ooncilia(

lessnesB, irresponsibility; hastiness, rash-

tory, oonaiderate, complaisant, obliging


toB.o.); to avoid,
b.o.'s {)

Bhun

( b.o.),

stay outof
or Jewish

jL+il
collapse,

inhiyr

crash,

fall,

downfall;

way V to beoome

Jew

breakdown

ijX\ al-hd the Jewa, the


ol_>*

Jewry

jj4^ mutahawwir rash, hasty, pro*


cipitate ;
frivolous,

Kawda forbearance, indulgence'


oomplaiaance,
obliging-

thoughtless ;

light-

con&ider&tion,

headed, careless, irreaponsible, reckless;


foolhardy, daredevil

ness; clemency, leniency, gentle-hearted-

neas ; relax&tion, mitigation (of laws)

fjj* hormOn hormone


U_^j tahwid Judaization
1

Ojlf* muhwada oomplaiaance, obligingnesa, indulgenoe, consideration


j

<_r'j*

hawisa

(hawas)

to

be

baffled,

startled,

jlf*
wit's

perplexed; to be utterly con-

jL-^l low pricing


ijf-t

fuBed, be at a complete loss, be at one's

end

II

to baffle, startle, perplex,


( s.o.);

mutahawwid

Judaized,

under

confuse, bewilder, confound

to

Jewiah influenae or oontrol


>jL#i-

delude, beguile, befool, infatuate, dazzle,


blind
{ s.o.);

mutahdtoid moderate (price)

tocraze, drive crazy, render

; ;

crj*
insane
( s.o.)

1038

to be beguiled, befooled,

'iil*

hka aee

U
|

infatuated, dazzled, lose gne's head; to

abandon

o.s.

completely; to be a fantast,
to be beguiled, befooled,

*$j* o*t hookey


(Jj*) Jl*

J1l,)*1ll

$j*

ice

hookey

a visionary

TU

hla

(havl) to frighten, scare,

infatuated, dazzled

terrify, appall, horrify, strike


folly,

with terror

^j* hawaa

foolishness,

oraze,

(*

s.o.)

to alarm, dismay, frighten,

madness; dreaminess, visionarineas, rapture, ecstasy; wild fancy, fantasy; raving

terrify, horrify, fiU

with horror

s.o.);
s.o.

to threaten, menaoe, scare with); to wield menacingly

(^ J*
(i-

madness, frenzy; infatuation, blindneas,


delusion

a stick);

to pioture (* s.th.) as a terrible tbing,

^-j^* hawts thought, idea, concept,


notion
ij^j* hatois

make (*
ate,

s.th.)

appear terrible ; to exagger(* or

overemphasize
ado,

s.tb.),

make

much
and
^-ijl* hwts
pl. *-^l

make a

great fusa
;

(^

about)

X to deem

significant (* s.th.)

to consider
(* s.th.);

ahwita

(eg.)

look, canal lock


foolish,

terrino, appalling,

tremendous

^jd
ij-jj+i

ahwas*

crazy,

mad;

to be horrified (* at), be appalled, be

dazzled, blind, infatuated

staggered (* by)

mahwt

(religious) viaionary

J^* havl

pl.

Jlj*t

ahw&l, Jjj* hui

^jf
is-j^i*

muhawwas

foolish, crazy,

mad;

terror, fright, alarm, shock, horror, dis-

dazzled, blind, infatuated

may;
-n
fantast,
terrible
lijk

power
J^fD

J^AI

_^l

ab

l-h.

the

Sphinx;
mvtahatvwis
pl.

yd

la-l-havl

oh,

how

visionary

haula a terrifying thing, a fright

r **yh
^.jh

hauaa clamor, ehouting, uproar


hawiSa
a

object of fear or terror

{hawai)

and

^U

hia

(haut) to be excited, be in a Btate of

JU hdl mirage, damom (spiee)


<JU hla
sun, also,
pl. -dt

fata morgana;

oar-

commotion
settle (*,
fltir

II

to

excite,

agitate,

un-

halo (around

moon

or

s.o., B.th.);

to rouae, incite,

e.g.,

of a saint); ring around the

up, inflame (* the mob); to sick

eye; nimbus, aureole, glory


Jj^+J
tahwil
pl.
-t,

(Jp * a dog on), set, incite (J* s.o. against); to eiert a disturbing influence
(Je on) III to
s.o.; of

JjjL^

tahdwti*

annoy by

its

barking

frightening, scaring, alarming, intimida(

a dog)

to get tumultuous, get

tion, cowing, browbeating; exaggeration

excited, run riot

nightmare,

phantom, bugbear,

bogey,

bugaboo;
lijh hauSa excitement, agitation,

pl.

com-

JjjU^ embelliehmente, orna-

mental flourishes; pleasant visions


JJl h' dreadful, frightful, terrible,
horrible, appalling, gbastly, awfol
;

motion, riot, uproar, ruckua, rumpus, row,


fracas; turmoil, tumult
(jijj+j

huge,

tahwti excitation, agitation; in-

vast,

formidable,

gigantic,

prodigious,

citement, instigation
J.J+.

tremendous, stupendous; extraordinary,


exciting;

muhawwiS

trouble-

enormous, fabnlous, amazing, astonishing, surprising; grim, hard, fierce (battle,

maker, agitator, rabble rouser


{{j*} fl* hd'a

ua
to

(hau") to vomit,

throw up;

fight)

to retch

II

make

( s.o.)

vomit V

Sj+* muhaxwil terrible, dreadful

1030

Jj
slowly, gently, leiBurely, imperceptibly

l-UVj*

hoiand or X V>* holanda Holland


AoJondl Dutoh, Hollandish;
(pl.

j V>
n)

j*

slowly,

gently,

leisurely,

im-

Dutchman, Hollnder

perceptibly; ljj* J* at your convenienoe

j* hn disgraoe, shame, degradation,


ijjjj* Hollywood

abasement
b.o. falling

p*

II to

nod drowaily (head of

lj*

haton

despicableness,
position ;

lowly,

aaleep); to doze off, fall asleep; to doze,

contemptible
negligibleness ;

inaignifioanoe,

nap V to doze
i-U hma

off, fall

aaleep; to doze,

nap

degradation, abasement;

pl. -<K, yU

hm

head; crown,

disgraoe, shame,

ignominy
-fin,

Vertex; top, summit; see also under m


l

,> hayyin, hain pl.

Uj*l oAwind' 1
little

(0_>*)

<JU

hfta

easy; insignifioant, negligible, of


(aun) to be or

become

value ;

inconsiderable ;

unimportant

eaey ( J* for

s.o.).

be of

little

importanoe

(J* to); Ol *J* U to attach no importance to tbe faot that. ... care little
tbat
. . . ;

piain, simple, homely,

modest

&l Jkm

hain lain Bimple and nioe


L-*

(hn,

u \jm

hawn,

i>

l^.

Alna

easiness,

facility ;

oonven-

mahna) to be or become deapicable,


contemptible
faoilitate
II

ienoe, oomfort, ease; leisure

to

make

eaay,

eaae,

Ujj*

huwain

gentlenesa,

mildness,

(J* * B.th. for s.o.); to repreaent or picture (* B.th., J* to b.o.) as

kindlinesa; slowness, leisurelinesa, leisure,

ease;

Uj^

slowly, gently, leisurely, un-

eaay or as of
light
(*

little

importanoe
belittle,

to

make

hurriedly

or

j*

of),

minimize,
|

oy\ ahwan',
comfortable;
less, lesser;

f.

LJj*

Aaund*' easy;

deride, flout, disparage (* or j- B.th.)

is
I

(elative) easier; smaller,


|

dLie j* (Aaurunn) t&ke

it

easy! don't

of lees value, more worthlesa

get excited! never mind! IV to despise


(*,

<Ij*l

L*

(ahwanah)
it

how

small,

how

s.o.,

s.th.); to

humble, humiliate,
slight,

worthlesa

.j-^iJI

0^*1 a. ai-iarrain

abse,

demean, scorn, disdain,

the lesser evil


*j\+*

treat with
insult
(

oontempt or disdain
s.o.)

( s.o.);
(

to

VI to consider eaay
little,

TnoAdna oontempt, despicableness;

s.th.); to

think

make
(i~>

degradation, abasement, bumiliation, disgraoe,

little (.-. of),

attach
despise
lax,

little

importanoe

shame

to), disdain,

(^

s.th.); to

be negligent, remiss,

li ihna insult; affront, contumely,

careless (J or ^ in s.th.), neglect (j or i^ s.th.); (with negation) not to

abuse
jlfj tahtvun disesteem, disdain, scorn,

fail

(j to do B.th.), not to tire (j of doing

neglect; indifferenoe
iiL^i-l

(^ to

B.th.)

B.th.)

Olf^-I

toAna

and

^i-l
istihna

istahwana to consider eaay

disesteem,

disdain,

{^

s.th.);

to
scorn, neglect;

make
B.th.);

oontempt
insulting, abusive, offend-

little

(<~>

of),

esteem

lightly,

disesteem,

underrate,

undervalue
(.->

(^
to

^4* muhin
ing;

to disdain, despise

s.th.);
s.th.)
|

contemptuous,

humiliating,

dis-

misunderstand, misjudge (y
<;

V
at,

graceful, ignominious, outrageous jl^ia

lf^j (yustahdnu) not to be sneezed

mutahwin

negligent, remiss, lax,

not to be overlooked ^k haun ease,


comfort; easiness,
leisure,
facility;

indifferent

convenienoe,
\jj*

>^

musiahtn

disdainer,

soorner,

haunan

; -

j>
*0jU look up alphabetically
l j,j*

1040

weather, olimate
fall,

j-L#^l
(falq)

1^1 (aefar)
air; fresh

the plague; jiU .[>*


hato
i

open

(huwiy) to drop,

tumble,
air;

down, come down, sink; to topple, tumble down, be upset; to swoop down
fall

JJ1

l^il

outdoors, in the open,

in fresh air; Jj** #lj oompressed air;

.!>!

JL

salk al-h, aviation; .l>l

LJU

(predatory

bird);

to

pounce,

fall

(Jp
(_>

fulvmbat al-h. air

upon)
s.o.

to blow (wind) ; to overthrow


|

pump
air-

or s.th.)

IfiJ)

he

feil

in her arms, he

J* jj* (raqabatih) embraoed her; jj


degrade
s.o.
;

j\jh hawai airy, breezy; aerial,


(in

Compounds),, atmospheric(al) ; pneu;

**lix

(maqmihi)

to

b.o.,

matio

inside

(diameter,

width)
('/);

hawiya a (jj hawan) to love (*, * s.th.); to beoome fond (*, * of); to
(*, s.o., B.th.);

antenna,

aerial,

also

Jl>*

.ilL

like

flighty, whimsical, capricious; ethereal;

to go in (a for a hobby),
s.th.) II to air,

fantaatio

Jlj

vV*> wind wheel;

take up as a hobby (*

ventilate {* a room), expoee to the

wind

or to fresh air (* s.th.); to fan the air


III to

show
(*

o.s.

oomplaisant
to Satter {

to

s.o.),

humor
fall

s.o.);

s.o.)

IV to

pounoe,

down, drop; to drop (v s.th.); to fall (Jp upon s.o., ^ with); to

O iijU' 'j* {ifri) frame antenna; O tSJ* j'j* tfawtf) loop antenna; O -*v* 'j* (muffq/T) elevated antenna; O J-o- J'j* (mtwatj) transmitting antenna; O rj*j* j'j* (miadflwij) twowire antenna; O J?= ("tttsto^A) reeeiving antenna; O */** J'_>* (mufrad)
*-*'j*

Iean, bend (J over); to reaoh (Jl for), grab, grasp (Jl at), make for s.th. (Jl);

Single- wire
\jh

antenna

haww* amateur

to atrive (Jl for), aspire (Jl to), desire


ijlj*
(Jl
s.th.)
|

Jl

.X

^y\
for,

Aawdya

pl. -J

hobby, sport or

(bi-yadihi)

to
art oultivated as

Stretch out one's

hand

reaoh out for


ism, amateurship
*j\jh

an amateur; amateur-

to be aired, be ventilated VI to break


collapse; to plunge

down,
o.a.

down, throw

hawwya

fan; Ventilator
desirable, preferable

down VII to fall down, drop; to be thrust down X to attraot (* s.o.); to


seduce, tempt
( (*

^jh\

ahw more

b.o.);

to entioe,

Iure

ij^l uhvAya abyss, chasm, deep, depth

s.o.);

to charm, enchant, fascinate,

enrapture, delight, entranoe, oarry


(. s.o.)

away

jjf. mahwan, !_>+. mahwh pl. jl+* mahtvin' abyss, chasm, gulf; place of
one's longing, objeot of desire; atmos-

,jjM

hawan
bent,

pl.

Ijl

ahw', Llj ha

phere
~*\j+*

xoy love; affeotion; passion ; inclination,


liking,

mihwh

Ventilator

wish;

desire,

longing,
ijj^j

oraving; fanoy, whim, oaprice, pleasure;


lyl sects, heretie

tahwiya airing, Ventilation

tendenoies

Jj J to

l_H=J istihwd' fascination, oaptivation;

be oonvenient to
in love ;
j*

s.o.,

pleaae s.o.; j^Al

enohantment ; seducement, entioement,


temptation Suggestion
;

\j"i

^ l*H Beotarians, dissenters


-t,

hwa
(fig.)

pl.

tj*

huwan

abyss,

jl>

hwin

pl.

*\j*

huwh

falling,

chaam; cave, oavern;


trenoh;
*\jM

pit,

hole, ditoh,

dropping, sinking; loving, in love; lover;


fanoiar, fan,

gulf
pl.

amateur; dabbler, dilettante

hato'
air ;

*>jl

ahtoiya,

ljl

ijjU

hvtiya ohaam, gulf, abyss, in*

ahw'

atmosphere ;

wind,

draft

fernal depth, bottomless pit, hell

; ;

1041

'5jj*

huwiya see l j>


f.

tion;

v^VI
uBjl
staff;

*-c*'

(ijtim'lya)

human
a'*#' a
gen("**

society;

i-S^U^JI

Ulj^'

hiya she (3rd pers. Bing.


pron.)

of the pera.
al-l'Silkiya
<_^J-1
iiJ

broadcasting
.

oorporation

aricn al-harb
i->j~

La hayy

(interj.)

upl come on!

let'

go!

eral
fl)

Jjkxlfl

^j'
^s*

*V

now then
( t(

naval staff;

J^/

(barlam
**Ji

U haa

a and J-a

hayua u

(iL* hai'a,

n\ya) parliamentary group;

*L*

IL* Aayd'a) to be ahapely, well-formed,

board of arbitration; Jury, committee of


judges, committee of umpires (in sports),

beautiful to look at, present a

handsome
to desire,

appearanoe;
crave
ready,

the

referees
ilji

(in

military

maneuvera);

(il-*

hi'a)

(Jl a.th.)

II to

make
(a
fit

ready, get
e.th.);

jj j-uJl
(i-^^*-

teaching staff; faculty, pro*

put in readineas
a.th.);

to

fessoriate

(of

an academic
~*Z-*

inatitution)

prepare (a

to

fix

up,

up, set

up

or)

f U.

(hukmiya) govauthority;

(* a.th.); to
s.th.); to

pave the way (J

for s.o., for

ernmental
.-Lyljj

agency,

^a
*lsi\

arm, mobilize, get in fighting

diplomatic

corps ;

-U-JI

condition (mil.); to put in order, to order,


array, arrange (* s.th.) ; to incline, disposo,

(aa'diya) the Sa'dist

Union (formerly, a
Egypt);
corps;
5-1
*l~*
~*l~*

potical
(tibbtya)

group

in

make
s.o.

inclined (J

s.o. to),

infiuenoe (J

ambulance

Li Li

in favor of)

J
. .

v ^' V
1

(niybiya)
(<**baba)

representative

body,
i*

paral-h.

to pave the

way

for

*j

La
...;

liamentary
(tftah)

body

Hi-At

'Um

to prepare o.a. (at heart) for

<~*y La
offer

astronomy
',-*

J i/^U (furpatan mul'imatan) to


good opportunity
for...
III

hayyi',

hayi'

good-looking,

to agree,

handsome; shapely

come
adapt

to

about); to concur (j
o.a.,

an agreement (j with
adjust
o.a. {

with

s.o.

i^J

tahyi'a

preparation ;

training;

s.o. in);

to

adaptation, adjuatment, accommodation


*Ll+.

to

s.o.)

to be

prepared, be in readiness, be ready, stand

muhya'a

Joint uBufruct, use or

ready (J
for war,

for); to

be armed, be prepared
(mtl.);

profit sharing {Isl.

Law)
military

be in fighting condition
o.a.,

O
tiona

Js*j

tahayyu*

prepara-

to prepare

get ready (J for); to be


|

posaible (J to s.o.); to be well-dressed

JjLfi

tahyu (mutual) adaptation, (mu-

L#j

tahayya

make ready

(mil.

com-

tual)

adjuatment

another,

mand) VI to adapt themaelves to one make mutual adjuatment; to be


be agreed
form, shape; exterior,
air,

L+. muhayya prepared; ready


(>__a) ^>l>

in agreement,

hba (Ist pers.

perf. hibtu)

a (L-a
(*,

*L* hai'a

pl. -t

haiba, jl^* mahba) to fear, dread


s.o., a.th.),

appearance, guise, aspect, bearing;

be afraid

(*,

of); to

stand in

mien, physiognomy; attitude, poaition;


Situation, condition, Btate; group, (social)
class;

awe

(*,

of),

be awed

(*,

by); to honor,
(

respect, revere,

venerate

s.o.)

II

to

society,

assooiation;

body,

Cor-

poration; Organization; board, commission,

make make

(*
it

s.th.)

be dreaded
s.o.,

(Jl

by

s.o.),

dreadful to

inspire s.o. (Jl)

committee; corps; cadre, akeleton


|

with awe (* of); to


dreadful
or

Organization

I-Udil

,.

*~*
~kJ

h.
1

al*i-A I

make s.th. (a) appear awesome (Jl to s.o.); to (^


to s.o.);

umam

al-muttahida

and

threaten, frighten, intimidate, cow, daunt

(umamlya) the United Nations Organiza-

(J*

b.o.)

IV to call out, shout

1042

to call

upon

b.o.

)f

appeal

(l_>

to

s.o.);

s.o., s.th.,

J*

to) ; to rouse, start, soare

to drive, urge, rouse, egg. on, enoourage


(Jl

(*

a bird) IV

II;

up V and VIII to be
be
excited,

b.o.

to)

I; to

awe, frighten,

astir,

be restive, be in a State of combe


diaturbed,

soare, threaten ( b.o.) VIII

motion,

be

i haiba

fear, dread,

awe; reverenoe,

agitated; to be awakened, be (a)roused,

veneration, esteem, respeot; awe-inspiring

be flcared

up
com-

appearance, venerableness, gravity, dignity; standing, prestige


t^iL

*
Btrife;

haij excitement; agitation;

motion, disturbanoe, turmoil; dissension,


timorous,
shy,

hayyb

timid,

oombat, battle
hatj

diffident; reapeotful
-jjj

U^*
timoroua,
shy,

and

U^*

haijit

fight,

hayvb

timid,

combat, battle, war

difHdent ;reBpeotful; awful, fearful, dreadful; awe-inspiring,

L^* hayajn excitement;


eommotion,
disturbanoe,

agitation;
tu-

awesome, venerable

turmoil,

vU* maAd
respect
iiLf.

object of reverenoe

and

mult; outburst of rage, fury,


indignation, bitterness

irritation,

maAd&a dignity
tahayyub
fear,

^ L*
dread; awe
dreaded,

hiyj excitement ; agitation ; eomdiaturbance,


turmoil,
tu muH;

motion,
*_--4J

outburst of rage, fury, irritation, indignation, bitterness; raging, uproar (of the

V!>^ moAti^ and


dreadful, awful
i_+*

i__+. nuzAi

elements)

muAi awe-inspiring, awesome,

~4j iahyij exoitation, agitation, Stimulation;

venerable ; grave, solemn, dignified


t_~4u mutahayyib reapeotful, reverential

provocation,

incitement;

in-

stigation; stirring up, fanning; incense-

ment, inflammation

induotion

(el.)

II

to call

v b-o.)
c*
(/ajfea)

Fp+j tdhayyvj disturbance,

eommotion,

c-
(ps)

Aaito, iU

oome here

turmoil; excitement, agitation ; emotional


I

disturbanoe; affect

(jur.)

^U

d/a

(haij,

lv> hayajn, r-L*

Myj) to be

h'ij stirring,

astir,

astir or stirred up,

be or get

agitated, in
(sea,

excited, agitated; to rise; to

awaken, be
be in

oommotion; rough, heaving


exoited,

waves);
furious,

awakened, spring up
great

impassioned;
|

(desire); to

angry,

ezoitement,

be

enraged
very
upset,

be

*jf l*

rl* be

became angry, be

furious, indignant

flew uito a rage

high, be

(J* about, at); to run rougb, stonny (sea); ~U

24* muhayyij exciting, stirring, rousing,

and
stir

II

to move,

stir,

agitate (* s.th.); to

stimulating;

provocative, inciting;
agitator,

up, exoite (* s.tb.) ; to disturb, trouble,

inoendiary,

inflammatory;
inoendiary,
(pl.
~t)

perturb, disquiet (* s.tb.); to provoke,


incite,

troublemaker,
rabble rouaer;
excitant

seditionary,

stimulate

(*

s.th.);

to

kindle,

a stimulant, an

ignite, inflame, incense (* s.tb.);


(*

to

make

the blood) hoil; to awaken, arouse,


(*
e.g.,

evoke

^u

mutahayyij

and

^li^.

mvhtj

a desire);

to

bring to

agitated, upset, excited, impassioned

light (* s.th.); to irritate, inflame (*

an
^-jjJ- hidrifn hydrogen

organ); to drive, urge on, spur

on

(*,

1043

P
.J-*!

j+

to hurl

down, topple, tear down,

ahyaf*,

f.

.iL* haif'
frail,

1
,

pl. jLjt AI/

deatroy, demoliah (* s.th.)


jj

slender, slim; Blight,

wispy

hayyir see

_,_,

JSL AaifcaJ

pl.

JfL AayAbtf* temple; large


chasaia (of

building, edifioe; altar; skeleton; frame-

J^lj% Aird^i hieratio (writing)


JJjj* hlrogli hieroglyphio
j-jj** Jruurtn heroin (eAem.)

work

(of

a struoture), frame

an automobile);
j-
haikalt:

oolossal, gigantio,

huge

J^>

jjL* (munwara)

oadre maneuver, skeleton exeroise (m.)


1

exoited
^/a* All thieket, brush, Borub
JL*

(L

U*) JL Ad/a

(hau) to pour, strow, sprinkle

(Jp * s.th. on) II and IV do.; to pile up ( sand, earth; said of the wind) VII to

Aatfa

exoitement

oommotion,

be heaped up, be poured in a heap,


in a heap; to rain

fall

turmo, tumult, not


(ur

down (bombs);

to

flhower
<L*)
hiB

^l>

Atfa t: 4*-U*- urs*

Aida ;owSAuA

(^ J*

b.o. with), assail

wing waa broken, he was powerleaa


haufa

Jp

s.o.

with; instead of
|

(J* s.o., also acoul^i JL^I

sative of a verbal noun)


Ic-'j

Ij^
feil

4,,^*

Bummer

cholera,

oholera

(4arban wa-kitman) he

upon her

morbus; Asiatio oholera


^-L^* mahUj broken, shattered
*-LjU

with blowB and abusive language


^-L^*
|

J_* hail piled-up sand

^LAlj J-Al

m. a/-7andAbroken-winged,helple6S,

(haamn) heaps of money, enormons

feeble, sapleaa

Buma
clamor, raise

(i-*) iL AiS^o

(AatJ) to shout,

o iL hayaidn sand heap


JL^I
inAtydt,

a din, be tumultuous
^-* Aatf flhouting, clamor, din, uproar t

^jlM JW'

*"* o'-ortf

landslide
Jjs*

ruckus

Aay2 mote, atom


hayl,

iL

Aiyf shouting, clamor

iL. iL*

'li^-A

hayyld primordial matter;

(mtyd/) tumultuous uproar, ruckus, wild

matter; substance

Bhouting, tumult

J^
JLg see JL

Aayti material (adj.)

iJV^j AoyiVSnl material (adj.)


pl.

fj- moAya'

jI^-

maAdyt' 1 broad, paved

(-*)

*U Ama
in love

(Aaim,

l^*

hayamn) to

road
(Js)

fall

(^ with);
be

to be in love (4
ecstatio,

with) ;
<J*U

to

enthusiastic,
;

A/a

(Aai/)

to be parohed,
(slave) ;

thiraty ;

Ao/) to

run away
{Aat/,

frantio, beside o.s.

to be in rapturea, be
(i_>)
;

crazy
J- hayifa

(t~>

and Ad/a a

about), be gone on
|

to roam,

hayaf) to be
rove,

wander

slim, slender, slight, frail


.J- Aat'/ .Jlj

<^j
:

J* fU [wajhihi) to
iiLoj

wander aimlessly about;


(u>idyn) approx.
self,

*L

parching wind

he was no longer him-

Aoyo/ slendernesa, slimness

he was floating in higher regiona, he


hia

was beaide himself, he was out of


j_*-* Aoy/ burned

up with

thirst

senses;jUilj

*U to let one's eyes wander;


thirst (^> for)

l-* haifn* parohed; thirsty

ULk huym, hiym) to

r*
II

1044

to oonfuse, bewilder, puzzle, myatify,

5i*-a

Aatmana aupervision, superintendaurveillance;


control;

mialesd

s.o.);

to infattiate, enohant,

ence,

auzerainty,

captivate, carry away, rob of hi Benaes


( s.o.;

aupremaoy, aaoendanoy, hegemony

of love)

paas.

U ustuhyima to
oaptivated,

be

infatuated,

enohanted,

j*-f

muAaimtn

aupervising,

super;

intending,

Controlling ;

guardian

pro-

oarried
* La

away; to be paasionately in love


huym, hiym paasionate love
,>a

tector; maater (J* of a.th., also, e.g., of a


Situation)

burning thirst

p-* haym oonfused, puzzled,


mystined, perplezed
|(-*

and

ii-A

aee

jy
aoftly

baffled,

-La Aatrusma to
pl. ,La

murmur

haimn 1 ,

f.

^^a haim,
huyyam,

4J>

AtA (interj.) hey! let's gol atep livelyl

At'ytJm

madly

in love; very thinty

look alivel

* Ia

Ad* im pl. -a

-La

huyym
puzzled,
beaide

perplezed,

mystified,

baffled,

oLpA

haihdtu, haihta, haihti but oh! far

confused;
o.a.
;

out

of one'a

aenses,

from the mark! wrongl what an ideal

in love,

mad

with love
in love,

how
ly

prepoateroua

jl CjLpAitiaabaolate...;

>*L|^-*

mustahm

mad with

out of the question that

Ol

love
1i5"

oI^a
boE

J*i how
Ia

far he is

from doing

-a

haimana to aay "amen"; to guard


fl.o.).

iilSj

,>j

oLpA

what a dference
ia thia

(Ja

narrowly (J*

watoh (J over s.o.) watoh a.o.), keep an eye on (J);

between thera! how difFerent they are!


tiJIS tiB

oLpAj and how impossible

to control (J* a.th.)

to youl

wa

1.

and; and

also,

and-., too
;

-u-lj

not one, not a Single one


aco.)

Vj

lj

wa-in

even

if,

even

though,

2.

(with

foll.

although
jij wa-lau even
in oase that
if,

with

Lij

wa-iyydhu with him;

even though, even

*rjLj JjCj
it

ia

not in

V (yao/lgu, ma6d<z'aAum) agreement with their prinintroduoing oircumatantial


while, as,

oiples;

3.

(hol) olauaea:

when, whereaa

jj&j toa-lkin, wa-lakinna (the latter with foll. aoo. or pers. suffix) but, however, yet
\j to

iw j*j

Jl* (he said while

he smiled) he
(&m*u)
foll.

Baid with a smile; UJIL tr he arrived at sunriae;


genit.)
5.

iJlj l*4.
ia\j

(with the

foll.

noun ending

in -h)

oh

(with

LL-I !j

by

(in oaths)

by God!

jy}j
|

asafdhl oh griefl alaal

(Fr* vapeur; cooq.)

wbr

pl. -t

steam

many a, how many C-tyi ,j*tS^ {ha* sin) many a oup have I emptied! how many cups I have drunkl
(with
foll.

genit.)

engine; steamer, ateamship; locomotive,


railroad
train;

faotory,

mill;

machine,
heater,
train;

engine,

apparatua;
|

hot

plate,

j] a-toa

see

atove
if not),

^jt^Ti

jy)j

express

IMj wa-illd (and

otherwiae, elae

tfUJI

jy\j freight

train,

goods train;

;;;

1040

J.>

vO"
fS
JJjil

JJ*)j

w
w

ar-ruir^di passenger train;

lj

wha, Ulj wh

(interj.)
:

with J or

i^ to
is

Jji'j

ar -yy inigation

pump;

express admiration
(are) ...!

how wonderful

jjt\j w.

az-zalaf (eg.) steamrollor

with

J* to express
. . . J

regret:

jLU j_^ij w. fdro

paddle Bteamer; jjAj


j\j

alas ...

too bad for

oUfl w. al-'da local train. acoommodation train,

way
(ei.)

train

ww name

of the letter j

clj
**-lj

wtfi

watt
pl.

ZJj toa'lya kettle


\ij

udAa

-<SJ

oasis

wabi'a

hji
(>\jj

yavba'tt

(Lj
**lij

waba*),

_Jjj

wabu'a u
ilj

wab*,

wab&a) and
oontami*

uu'ada j

yaidu to bury alive (U a

pass.

tij vmbi'a

to be plague-stricken,

newborn
be
slow,

girl)

V and
or

VIII itl itta'ada to


deliberately,
in a.th.)
|

infected,

infested,

poisoned,

aot

prooeed

nated

tarry, hesitate, temporize (j

4^L*

ifcl

(miiyatihi) to walk slowly,

Lj

waba

pl.

Ljl

auM*

infeatious

unhurriedly, saunter

disease; epidemio

xJj

tua'id deliberate, unhurried, slow;


I

Lj

wab*

pl.

Ljl

aubi'a infeotious

deliberateneu ;
gradually
IjJj"

A-Ij

wa'idan

slowly

disease; epidemio

jL j
|

wab'i

infeotious,

oontagious

tu'ada deliberateness, slowness

epidemic(al) ; pestilential
*jj

o_JJ

Jp slowly,

deliberately, unhurriedly

wabi'

and

Jj

wobt

infeoted,

.Uz

mutta'u? slow
(toa'r)

poisoned, oontaminated, infested ; plaguestricken,

plague-ridden,

plague-infeeted

jlj

wa'ara Ji ya'iru

to frighten

( s.o.)

to be frightened, be struok with terror

jtjA

maub* poisoned, contaminated,


infeoted,
(<~>

infeated ;

strioken

(^

by),

_yj\j toarsO

Waraaw

(oapital of Poland)

affected

with)

jjk-i!j ivSinfn

Washington

<j II to

reprimand, rebuke, oensure,


* s.o.

re-

llj wf watt (d.)


lj jlj wyiwj^ in the deacriptione of

prove, scold, chide (J*

for)

f^jjj taubiJp reproaoh, reproof, oensure;

Arab

reprimand, rebuke

geographers,

name

of two different groups

of islands {one east of China, the other


located in
JJj*
l.

jj wabirajji yaubaru
hair,

{wabar) to have abun-

e Indian Ocean)

dant hair or wool, be oovered with thiok


be hirsute, hairy
pl.

mau'

refuge,

aeylum

jj wahr
Aj
III to agree,

jjtj umbr, j\jj wib&r,

be in agreement

(*, *

with)

*j\jj
zool.)

wibra

daman

(Hyrax

syriaca;

to suit {,

s.o., s.th.),

be suited

(, to),

harmonize
harmonize
a\Jj tri*

(,

with) VI to agree, tally,

jj wabar
for tents)

pl.

jLijl

aubr hair, fr of

oamels and goats (furnishing the material

am

agreement; unity, concord,

jj\

J*l ahl al-w. the

Bedouins

harmony
i. \j*

(as distinguished

from

jjl\ J*l)

muw&ama
harmony

agreement

unity,

jj wabir covered with


hirsute

hair,

hairy,

ooncord,

JL*

1046

jj\ aubar*,

f.

Ajj wahrt*

oovered

Jj watara j* yatiru

(watr) to string, provide

with hau, hairy, hiisute

with a string (* the bow); to wrong,

jjm muwabbar

hairy, woolly
pl.

hrm
tight,

( s.o.)

cheat,

dupe

( s.o.,

* out oft

with regard to) II to stretoh, atrain, draw


^ijj wabai trash, rubbish, bosh;

J\jj\

tighten,

pull taut

(*

a rope, a
to do or
inter-

aubi rabble,

riflraff

musoial string, and the

like) III

yaubaqu Jij wabaqa J^ yabiqu and toabiqa jty m


(wdbaq,
perish,

perform

(*

s.th.)

at

intervals,

mittently,

with

3ju

toubq,

jtj*

mau&tg)

interruptions

IT

to

to
string, provide

go to min, be destroyed IV to
to debase, humiliate, mortify

with a string (* the bow)


strained, stretohed,

min ( s.o.);
(. s.o.)

T to be or beoome
tight,

taut

oli^JI

oyy

('aidqM)

relations were strained

TI to follow in
itself,

jty maubiq

place of destniotion, of

uninterrupted suocession; to repeat


reour

pordibion; priaon, jail

Ihj mbiqa

p], -<U

grave offense; aot

of violenoe, crime; mortal sin


Jjj wabala Jj rain (sky) ;

\Jj singly,

Jj watr, wr uneven, odd (number); one by one, separately


vfitH uneven,

yabu

(vnbl) to ahed

heavy
(tux&a/,

toaina J^ yau&uto
toabla, dy.j

&Jj watH,
Jj

odd (number)

JL> wa&, ULj


be
unhealthy,
(olimate, air)

wubl) to

vxttar pl.

jjl atttr string (of a bow,

unwboleaome,

noxious

of a musioal Instrument); sinew, tendon


(afiaJ.);<woffd(a/eom.);hypotenuse(a/ef>m.)
|

Jjj tw6I

downpour
air

^LJ-1 JJ J Vj-* (Aawda) totouoh on a sensitive epot, get to the heart of a


or

Jlj t/w&U unhealthiness of the


climate; evil consequenoes of

matter; J^- Jj (sauft) vooal oord


,jjj vxUarl stringed, string- (in com*

a deed;

hrm,
J-jj

evil,

curse

pounds)

uuMI

unhealthy,
of evil

unwholesome
consequenoes,

Ijj vxUira

pl.

(olimate,

food);

J\5j toaUTir* manner,

way, mode, fashion; procedura, method;


style; tone
j

hurtful, noxious, oalamitous, disastrous,


ijJjJI *i*
4*-lj

pernioious
thifl

J*

in this

manner,

way;

JjIj

wdb heavy downpour;

(flg.)

hail,

manner;
ijCji\ I

jCj J# in the same .*lI uniformly, in unison;


in this tone

8hower| ^L^jJI ,> ^lj Jk.l (ra#ty) to shower s.o. with a hau of bullet; ^k.1
}\
,>.

J he oontinued

^\j 4J0

(Satm) to shower s.o.

jj?

tatr

one after the other, one by

with a flood of abuse


*jj

one, in suocession, suocessively

wabaha, tabiha

*tjt

yau&aAu (wabh) and

Jj7 iawattur tension (also ei.


atrain
|

= voltage)
politioal

IT to heed, mind (J or
tention ( J or
tj*

-*Lp1[I

s.o.),

pay

at-

Jy nervouaness, nervous
Jjj
{nyt)

to),

take notioe (J or
in flrmly (*

o of)

tension;

^-L-*

tension
ojj II to drive or

ram

a peg or
|

J\y

tawtur

auoceeaion;

repetition,
,

stake); to

fix,

fasten, seoure (* a.th.)

reourrenoe ;

frequency,

constanoy

in-

<u jjJj
Ojj

(baitihi) to

stay at
pl.

home
autd peg,

cessanoy, continuanoe; peraistenoe; fre-

watad, watid

illjl

quency

(ei.)

J\jt

J* suooeasively, one

pin; tent pin, tent peg; stake, pole

after the other, in suoceasion

1047

i>*i

jjij* mautr one

who hu been wronged


relative,

to awaken, reoover, rise VI to jump, leap,


spring, bound,
ahort,

by the murder of a
blood revenge

but to

whom

make

a jump; to be fast,
(breathing)

ia still

denied
strained

oome pantingly

JjU

mutawattir atretohed,

Jj
-Jl^)U

wf* jump(ing), leap(ing)


(zrta)

taut, tense, rigid, firm, tight

pole vault(ing); Jj^l


._-jj ('iin)

^j ^j

J\ji* mvtawtir succeasive

broad jump; Jl*

high jump;
.

Jy
jjj watin
pl.

,> \Jj JaJt to hurdle over


watba
(n.

Jj vmiun Ujl
( to,

autina aorta
'*Jj

vic.) pl.

watabt jump,

Jj

III to

come
(

upon; of s.th. pleasant),


s.th.

leap,

bound; attack; daring enterprise,


undertaking
<jj
;

befall

s.o.;

pleasant);
{

to

be

bold

rise ;

a wakening

complaisant,
oblige
(
(* s.o.);

obliging

toward

s.o.),

i_-L*-l

(ihsdsiya)

impulsive

mo-

to be favorable, propitious
(

tion

to

s.o.);

to be convenient

to

s.o.),

suit

( s.o.); (

to turn out successful, be a

^\ij wat(b given to jumping, bouncy,


fll

success
{

for s.o.); to

be suited, suitable
( s.o.),

of bounce

fiery,

hotheaded, impet-

to

s.o.),

become,
(

befit

go well

uous; dashing, daring, enterprising

with

();

to agree

with; of food)
pleasant,

VLk
Law)
i_J^i*

muwtaba prompt assertion of a


(Isl.

o lj>

muwtin

agreeable,

claim in the presence of witnesses

pleasing, appealing,

engaging, winning,

becoming; favorable, propitious

mutawattib

awakening, rising;

vigorous, energetio

j wata'a

li

yata'u (.j (') to bruise,


(*

contuse (* a limb); to wrench, Bprain


a limb);

jj watura jy_ yaiuru


soft (bed);

(*j\jj
_^j

watra) to be

\ij

waii'a

yata'u

(\jj

watara

yatiru (wa$r) to
(* s.th., esp.,

wata\ *j 3 wutu) and pasa.


IV

\jj tvuli'a

make

soft,

make smooth

to get bruised, be wrenchod, be sprained

the bed)

wata'a

jj
*iL*j

watir soft, snug, cozy, comfortable

wat'

contusion,

bruise;

sprain,

(bed, scat);

smooth
soft,

(cloth)

wrench
jj watir
.Uj wat'a eontusion, bruise; sprain,
(bed, seat);

Bnug, eozy, comfortable


(cloth)

smooth
soft

wrench

jUj witr
l-jj
^-~uj watib,

bed
j\j* mawttr*, j L.

wataba ^Ju yatibu (watb, ^>yj umtb, Ljj watabn) to Jump, leap,

~*j~

mitara

pl.

maytir 2 saddlecloth, blanket, drape


jjj watiqa j*j yciqu (Uj
tiqa,

Bpring,

bound; to

skip, hop, caper;

to

jump

up, atart; to

to); to rush (Jl to),

jump up and run (Jl make a ruBh (Jl for);


s.o.),

^j

vmtq)
(t->

to place one's confidence, put faith


in), rely,

to jump, dash (J* at

pounce,

fall
(*,

depend

(._>

on), trust (>->m; 6' j*


(i_>

(J* upon
s.o.,

s.o.)

II

and IV to make
s.th.)

that), be confident
<j

of; l

j* that)

s.th.)

jump, bounce

(* s.th.) III to

Jjji

ytaqu)

trustworthy , reliable

pounce,

fall (*

upon
dash

to

jump

up,

(j-*-J'

i> <yj to have self-confidence;


Jj^j

be
of)

Start; to rush,
skip,

(Jl to, at);

to hop,

watuqa

yauluqu

(lij vxUqa) to

bound, leap, jump; to approach

firm, solid; to be sure,


II

be oertain (j+

eagerly, with enthusiasm, tackle energetically (Jls.th.); to

to

make

firm

or solid,
(*

strengthen,
to docu-

pounce (j, J*upon);

cement, consolidate

s.th.);

t*i

1048

ment, authentioate, connrm, oertify (*


s.th.),

jjj* mauiiq pl. jJlj-

maw&tg 1

cove-

attest (* to), notarize (* s.th.),

nant, agreement, contract, treaty, pact


Jli-.

draw up a

notarial deed

(*

over); to

link firmly, bind closely (joj


to) III to enter into

mi&I?

pl.

J^lj- maw/tg 1 cove-

,>j s.o.

an agreement, make
|

nant, agreement, contract, treaty, pact,


alliance;

charter

-U^dl

/Vi i*

a treaty
sah) to

with

s.o.)

J*

*-J jjlj (naf

JU
the
jl*_*

make a firm

m.
(<->

Aafai

aj-umam

aj-mutia/t2a

resolution on, intend

firmly to (do B.th.) IV to e, fasten


s.th. to); to bind, tie up, fetter
(i_>

Charter of the United Nations;


m I^pVI m. 'adam
s.o.
al-i'tid'

f0*

nonaggresBion

with)

pact
to be
firm, ooiuolidated, firmly

established; to prooeed with confidence,

jjjj faulig consolidation, strengthen.


ing, cementation;

act trustfully
sure,

(j in s.th.)

to

make

dooumentation, authen-

make

certain {,> of), check, verify

tication, attest&tion, notarization; func-

{,>. s.th.);

to have oonfldenoe

in s.o.),

tions of a notary public, notariate


jj-I

jjjj

trust
~*Ju

s.o.)

consolidation

of

debts,

apecif.,

consolidation
(iqa
|

of

aeveral

government

trust,
*ju

confidence,

faith,
in),

loans into an overall publio debt


<ijjj tavtiqa security, surety,

reliance

J* trusting (,>
oonfident,

re-

lying (,> on),


(,> of);
*il

certain,
is

sure

guaranty

US J* ja he
"*j

certain that
in

JIjj witq see wafq

above

he

...

j~*J Ij

(na$r)

confidence

victory;

,^-iJlj

or

*-j

jj\j wfiq trusting, oonfident, oertain,


self-

confidence, self-relianoe;

eure

U
lj-

j-l afc
af-t.

f.

trustworthy;

*ll

*j*
f0*

'adarn
i_

dis-

3yj* maulq:
reliable,

*j

3yj* trustworthy,
<t

trust, mistrust; ill

(falab)

tion of
t

"no confidence"

(pari.);

mo-

dependable;

J>>*

j-U*.

,>

{iqa pl.

(mo/xfar)

from a

reliable source
pl. -fin

trustworthy, reliable ; trustworthy per-

jij-

muungi?

notary public

son, trusted agent, informant, reliable au-

thority or source; pl. authorities

**j

JJj

uxtfal

palm-flber

rope,

manila rope,

tfj-* ("askari) military expert

hemp rope
tie,
|

JLj
bond,
lij

tvafq,

wifq

pl.

jjj wufuq

JJj

wafti palm-flber rope, manila rope,

fetter, shackle,

ohain (also
s.o.

fig.)

hemp
Ifj

rope
pl. j-j

xi

(iotida)
s.o.

to

tie

up, fetter,

shackle

waian

wufun,

jli*jl

aufdn graven

image, idol
lij wa$qa firmnesB, solidity, strength

j^j wa$lq

pl.

jUj wifg

firm, streng,

Jjj wafanl idolater, pagan, heathen; pagan, idolatrous


5Juj wafaniya
i^j-j

solid; safe, secure,

dependable, reliable
uoj'tg9 document,

paganism
yajibu
(>-j*-J

U-Jj wo/Iga
deed,
wTit,

pl. jJLj

wajaba

^je.

wujb) to
in-

instrument,

paper,

reoord,

be neeessary,

requisite, obligatory,

voucher, certificate, receipt, policy; dipdispensable; to be inoumbent, imposed,

lomatic note

Magna

**JJ\ (*v$m) the Charta; ^Jjidl -Jj Warrant of


.^Ui-Jl
|

enjoined (J* on), be


jl 4.1* lr^rJ it is bis

s.o. 's

(J*) duty
....

attomey

duty to

he
. . .

is
,

in

(jur.)

duty bound to
j!j\ autaq*,
f.

. .

JJj wufg firmer, stronger

muat

...;

he has to
it

he
it

\f as

ahould be, au

1049

^r>
his duty; .-^I^JL obhgatorily; dutifully,

must
wajib,

be,

comme

il

faut;

(wajb, y
to

-j

L*-j

wajabn)
II

throb, best,
(*)

palpitate (heart)
s.o. '
(

t malte s.th.
B.th. (*)

duly; deservedly; j^/Jl ^-r'j w 3J-**W suitable for presentation (petition, ap-

J*) duty,
s.o.),

make

incumbent

plication)

*J jU

o L- j (manzttiya) home1

(J* on

on

s.o.),

impose, enjoin (J* * B.th. obligate (* J* s.o. to) IV to make


duty,

work

(of a student)

^jtrj* maujb moral Obligation, diotate, injunction

.th. (*) s.o.'s (J*)

make

s.th,

(*)

s.th.

incumbent (J* on), impose, enjoin (J* * on s.o.), make necessary, obligatory,
binding (J* *
s.o., m to);

^*.^t mjib obligating, necessitating,


requiring, inducing, motivating, causing;

a.th. for b.o.), obligate

(J*
(pl.
-t)

to decide positively (J * a.th.


s.o.),

cause,

reason,

motive;

need,

in

favor of

adjudge,
a.th.

adjudicate,
s.o.)

exigency, requirement, necessity; matter


of decorum, formality
|

award, grant (J *

to

to

--->e

or

vrj* J*
of,

deserve, merit (* s.th.), be worthy (* of);


to be entitled,

according
basis of,

to, in

accordance with; on the


;

have a
to

title (* to),

have a

on account of by virtue

on

claim

on) ;

deem necessary or
_^l)l
|

the strength of ; J
is

vrj- ^
. .

(mjiba) there
.

obligatory (* s.th.)

x^y-i J>

no reason
<>*rj*

for

one need not

(Sukra) an act deaerving of thanks, a

mjiba

cause,

reason, motive,

meritorious undertaking
L*-j
ivajba pl. wajabi meal, repast;
(syr.)
|

deed entailing certain inevitable oonsequences


w*-j- mjab necessary, requisite, obligatory,

menu

UUI 1^-j w. af-ta'm meal, f

repast; ili L*-j dry rations, emergency


ration (approx.:

made
el.)

binding;

effect,
;

conaepositive

ration; mil.)

quence

affirmative

(gram.)

w>Ui

ijb

Obligation, liability,

comasre-

(also, e.g.,
"<^-ja

mitment; affirmation; confirmation,


sertion
;

mjaba affirmative aentence

consent,

assent ;

positive

t^jL-A mustaujtb deaerving, worthy


0-j

action, compliance; offer of contract, offer


(jur.)
|

IUI

in oonformity with, in
to, in
al-l.

wajada
(a B.th.)
;

Jji-

yajidu

(>_>*- j

unt/if) to find

accordance with, according

pur-

to hit

upon

a.tb. (*),

oome acrosa
{*);

auance

of;

>->{* "^1

J* maha

com*

a.th.

(*),

meet with
s.th.);

s.th.

to get,

v^"^' <*^Lr* *^e com petent authorities; w>U VU (vM or >J to


petent authority;
)

obtain (*
(*

to invent,

make up

s.th.

as);

to find (good, bad) (*


(}j*-j

answer

in the affirmative,

say yes

s.th.); pass.

wujida

wujd): to be
Uj-^j

jLf

tjbi positive; affirmative; active

found, be there, exit; to be;


there
feel,
is

yjadu

(defense)
i-jl*M ijbiya

(are);

(tuajd)

to experience,

sense (* affections, afflictions); to

positivism

Buffer,

be in a State of painful agitation;


(<_.

w*-lj w/> necessary, requisite, essen


tial,

to love

s.o.),

be impassioned
{<_

(<_.

by),

indispensable, inevitable, unavoida-

long ardently, languish

for);

ble, inescapable;

incumbent, imperative,
proper,
)

binding,
fair;

obligatory;

adequate,
duty, Obli-

(wajd) to be angry (J* with), have a against) IV to produce, grudge

(pl. -t,

JU-j waj'ib 2

evoke,
being,
(*

(J* provoke,

engender,
cause,

bring

into

gation incumbency ; requirement, exigency, necessity ; task, assignmont i-LU l.-^ lj


|

original,

bring

about

s.th.);

to create,

make

(* a.th.); to

iti9yourduty;*--lj

j,-

j-,

heconsiders

it

achieve, accomplish, effect (* s.th.); to

J*J
invent {*
s.th.);

1050

to let

s.o.)

find or for s.o.

jl^.

mijr

pl.

j^-\j

mawjir* bat;

obtain (*
s.th.),

s.th.), get,

procuYe (*

racket; earthen kneading trough


J-j wajaza

fumish, supply (*

to

b.o. s.th.);

to foroe, oompel (J* s.o. to) T to be passionately in love (t-* with); to grieve
{

J or

t_j

for)

VI to show up, turn up, come

j* yajizu and wajuza j-jl Vau' juzu (wajz, SjU-j wajza, jj^j wujz) to be brief, succinct, terse, concise, sum-

to exist, be existent, be there, be available ; to affeot passion


.u-j

mary IV
succinot

to be concise, terse; to be brief,


(

or

* in); to abridge,

eumshort

marize, epitomize (s.th.),

make

it

wajd strong emotion, emotional


j-j toajz short, brief, succinot; terse,

upset; passion, ardor; ecstasy of love


l-u-j

concise,

summary, compendious

wijdn passionate exoitement; emotional


sentiment
vnjdnl
Iife,

ecstasy;
feeling,

psyohio forees;

y*-j wajtz short, brief, suocinct; terse,


concise,

summary, compendious
its essentials,

j*r*>
re-

jLJt
j\ 0-j

briefly stated, in

a few words,
in a nutshell

emotional

psychio,

duced to

mental; sentimental
jlrfl ijz

shortness, brevity, succinot-

*j?j

wujd Unding, discovery; being;

ness; conciseuess, terseness;


Ijtl

abridgment

existence; presenee; whereabouts; stay,


visit

or JIjcVL in short, briefly, ooncisely;

JL*=VL> iSAj>rj

l^Jlj

(ilaikah)

the matter

is,

wujdi existentialjexistentialist

briefly, as followa
j*-_j*

"*i*j*r <iJuDt (falaafa) existentialism

mjaz summarized concise, terse


;

U-j* maujida

feeling,

emotion, pas-

abstract, epitome; outline, brief sketch;

sion, excitement; anger, grudge, resent-

summary, resum
(

ment,
jljcl

ill

will
_

r-j

tvajcua

,_,-*:

yajiau (wajs, l*-j wo*

ijd

creation,

procreation, pro-

jasn) to be apprehensive, be afraid, be

duction, origination; procuring, procure-

worried, be seized with fear IV to have

ment,

furnishing,

supply;

calculation,

presentiments,
sions; to

forebodings,

apprehenfear

computation, evaluation
0-lj

have a presentiment (*of),

wjid finding; Ander; agitated,

(* s.th.), be afraid, apprehensive, in

dread
be

excited, upset,

worried (J* about); in

(a of); to feel, sense, realize (* s.th.),

love

(i->

with)

aware
available,

{* of)

ii^ u~*- j
Jill
is

(Jfifatan) to

have

Sjr-j*

rnaujd found;

on

a Sensation of fear;
to feel that s.o.

*J _r*- J
(

(malala)

hand, existing, existent; present; living


being, creature; stock, stre, supply; pl.
-i

bored, sense a.o.'s

boredom V

=
|

IV; to listen anxiously,

everything in existence, the creation;

apprehensively (* to); to taste, nibble,


sip (* of s.th.)
<>. Ij-J tmr*-y

(com.) aaset, stooks


0--j-

(Sarran) to

regard

s.th. as

an

evil

omen

mjid originator, author, oreator


(

r*-j

waja

fear,

apprehension, anxiety,

j*-j vxijr pl. jU-jt aujr oave, oavern, grotto;

concern, uneasinesa

den,

lair,

habitation

^-y

tawajjua timorousness, timidity,

*j*rj wajra,

wajara pitfa
pl. ij^j\
lair,

apprehensiveness
(

jU-j wijr

aujira cave (of


_

r*-lj

wjia disquieting thought, fore-

wild animals), den,

burrow

bodiug, evil premonition

1051

*TS
founded (with
fear, rage,

j-j waji'a

p-ji yauja'u (waja') to feel pain, be in pain; to hurt, pain ( 8.0.) IT to


{*

and the

like);

to be ahy; to be despondent, dejeoted,

cause pain

to s.o.): to pain, hurt

{ 8.0.)

depreased
j-j

to suffer pain, be in pain; to voioe one's

xvajim

ailent,

Bpeechlesa,

dumde-

pain, give vent to one's pain, to lament;

founded ;
pressed

despondent,

dejected,

to feel grief, sorrow or pity, feel sorry,


feel

oompasaion (J for

8.0,),

oommiserate

(J with), pity (J a.o.)


*j-j

fyrj toujm
henaive

ailance;

anxious, appre-

Bilence ;

epeechleBsness

from

waja'

pl.

pU-jl aujd*, fU-j wij"


|

pain, aohe; ailment

jj\ u-j w. as-ritm

Indignation, apeechlesB indignation; de-

spondenoy ; shyness
aorrow
j*-\j

anxiety,

concern,

toothaohe; iixSi

impreoation
liverl)

(lit,:

g.J\ (bi-kahidika) an may pain strike your

xvjim

silent,

apeeohlesa,

dum-

P^-j wajV painful; grievoua, aad


**._ tawajju' pain,

founded; despondent, dejeoted, depressed


Cj*-j xoajna pl.

aohe; lament
pain,
in

wajant oheek
4*-^

fyrj* mauj'

feeling

pain,

4J-J

xoajuha

yaujuhu (U-j wajaha)

aohing; ailing; suffering


_i-j

to be a
J>j*-j wujf,

man
II

of distinction, belong to the


to raise to eminenoe, dis-

notables

wajaja Jtjt yajifv


wajxf)

(tu;'/,

tinguiah,
>J*~>rj

honor
go

to

be

a.o.);

to turn one'a
(Jl for);

agitated,

excited,
face, turn,
(Jl to),
* 8.0.

troubled, in commotion;

head

to

(toajif)

to
send, dispatch (Jl
to); to aim, level

throb, beat (heart) IT to agitate, exoite,


trouble, disturb {* a.th.)
;

to

make

(J or Jl * s.th. at), direct, eteer, guide,


(* s.th.)

tremble
iju-lj
*_**-! j

X to aet

Channel (J or
s.th.,
o.g.,

Jl * s.th. to); to

turn (*

(m the heart) aflutter

one'a
Jl

face,

one's attention,
(Jl

wjif beating, throbbing (heart)

etc.,

J or

to);

to address

a
j

^->-

(<K>ut)

in a tremulous voice

requeat, a question, a letter, etc., to)

i*^ <lc
J-j vmjaq (tun.) the

*>-j

(tuhmatan) to raise an ao**-j

"Oudjak" (Tunisian

cusation, bring a Charge against s.o.;


Ji Jici\ (nazara) to

gendarmery)

turn one's eyes to HI to

JU-j

wujq,

JU-jl

jq

pl.

C-UU-j

be opposite

s.th. (*),

be in front {* of);

wujqi rnge, cooking stove; (heating)


stove; kitchen, galley; oaboose; Janizary

to face, front (* a locality or toward); to

meet face to

face,
(

enoounter

( s.o.);

to

corps

see personally
(

s.o.),

apeak peraonally

to

s.o.),

have an interview or audience


e.g.,
o.s.

manjal) Jj^j wajila ,^-ji yaujalu (xoajal, J*-jto be afraid, be scared; to be a ooward,

with); to face (*

a problem), be
in the

faoed (* with), find


(*)
;

face of

be craven IT to
s.o.)

tili

with fear, frighten

{*

to

meet,

counter,

obviate,

with-

atand, defy (* a danger); to stand


{

up

J*-j xoajal pl. JU-jl au;<U fear, dread J*-j wa;I pl.
-fln,

to

a.o.},

oppoae

( a.o.);

to hold one'a

JU-j

own
ivijl fearful,

(* against s.th.); to envisage,

have

apprehenaive, timoroua ; cowardly, craven


j-j

in

mind, oonsider

(* a.th.); to declare

openly, say frankly (ju

to s.o. that);
(i~>

wajama
to

jf

yajimu
to

(xvajm,

pjtj wj'm)

to bring face to face, confront

s.o.

be

ailent ;

be

apeeohless,

dum-

with

s.o.

eise or

with

s.th.)

IT to

dis-

j ;

*?J
tinguiah,

1052

honor

( s.o.)

repair, go,

wend

one'fl

V to betake o.e., waj (yi or Jl to),


bend one's steps

rection ; intention, intent, desigu, purpose,

aim, goal, objeotive, end; courae, polioy,

head
(j-

(y<-

or Jl for),

guiding prinoiple, precept; way, manner,

or Jl toward); to turn one's face,


(J or Jl to s.o.), face (J or Jl s.o.);

modo, procedura, method; reaaon, cause;


aenae,

tum

meaning,

signifioation,
first

purport;
part of a

to turn, apply

(^

Jl

to

s.o. for)

VI to face

beginning, Btart, outset,

each other, meet face to face VIII 4*1


ittajaha to tend, be directed, be oriented
(j- or Jl to, toward),

given period of time ;

(pl.

y-j wujh

and

**-jl

aujuh) aspect; approach, point

be aimed, aim (y<


(Jl for), faoe,

of view ; viewpoint, standpoint ;

(pl. *- j\
el.)
j

or Jl at); to head, turn one's face


(Jl

make
s.o.,

aujuh) phase (of the moon; also


1.

toward); to tum, be
to s.th.); tolead,

Adverbial phraaea:
or)
4*-jj

l<*-j

apparently;
to
face,

turned {yc or Jl to

(**-^J

Ljj-j

face

in

go {yi or

Jl to,

toward; of a road); to

private,
yrjfl

peraonally ,

directly ;

j*

I4*-

point (j- or Jl to; of a Bignpost); to

(with preceding negation) in

no
il-

come to

s.o. 'a (J)

mind, occur (J to

s.o.;

way

(whataoever) ; Jl^-Vt *~-y bi-w.

of an idea)
1^*-

ijmdl on the whole,


general;

by and
J*
or)

large,

in

wj>uII

(**-j

**-y

ap4*-^
in

jika

pl. -t

Bide; directum; region,


district,
,

proximately, roughly, nearly;


or

^U-

part, city

aection,

area;

precinct,

^U-

4-j

quarter ;

agency

authority ;

ad-

($ff)

eapecially,

particular;

ministrative agenoy;
tive district;
<ol#i-l

(tun.)

administra-

fL

(4-j

J*
l*

or) **-y

generally, in general;

**-y

(mm) aorae way


haqqin)

the

outskirts,
|

the

or other, somehow; in a certain way, to

outlying districts, the provinces


in the direction of,

*+* Jl

toward

<Vr ,> from

certain extent ; J*- 4-j jj-b

(u>.

without any legitimate claim, without


being in the least entitled, in an entirely

the direction

of,

from, on the part of,

conceroing, regarding, as to, with respect

or regard to; J^lII


the
north;
tfj*-<

'*+*

j- (Samdl) from
jj*j
...

unlawful manner;
of, in

*-j

J*

in the

manner

the form of, in the shape of; with

*4*-

44*-

,j*

(J or)
. . .

(ufcreJ,

tniya) on the one


;

band
all

on the other hand

<|*- JS*

j* from

regard to, conoerning, about; <|*-j J* in his own way; in the right manner, correotly, properly, as it should be; ji.

sides,

on

all

sides;

J^

j* for
.u

my part, as
j* as seen

J*

for me, I for one;

1+i-l

<Vtj improperly, incorrectly, wrongly

from
this
<-jil

this angle,

under this aspect, from

Htj
one'a

J* v*** and *4TJ J*

is** to
Ij*

g
J* J*

viewpoint;

^L-i^Vl

<#*-

or

l+A-l

own way, go
(u>.

one's

way; 4^)1

(muj^aAM) the competent authori'*+*

in this

manner, this way, thus;


a/-t;'m/)

4-j

ty; jLJl
left,

jihata l-yasr at left, to the

Jl^-Vl

on the whole, by and

on the

left slde

large, in general; altogether, in the ag-

gregate; Jl
tSjVr

lt^

kjIw ;Aawi counc of

an

administrative district {Tun.)


**-j uwj'A pl. *^>-j

4^)1 J* in the following manner, as followB; J~*j=!l **-j J* at


length,
**-j

great
j^J-l

in
(10.

detail,

elaborately;

wu;A

face, counte-

J*

I-Ao^r) in

a Condensed
4-j

nance; front, face, facade; outaide; surfaoe; right Bide of a fabrio; dial (of

form, briefly stated, in a nutshell ;

J
J*

*j+J\ in general, generally; ,>jJI *-j

clock or watoh); face, obverse (of a coin);

with certainty;

<+*-j

before him, in

prominent personality

exterior, look(s),

his presence; counter to

him; before his

appearance, guise, semblance; aide; di-

(very) eyea; 41

t^-y for the aake of

God,

; ;

1053

**3
no reason
^* J
*-j

regardless of

any reward in
,j*

this lifo; for

there

is

for; ***^J1

nbthingt gratis ; **-j Jf

in every respect,
all

(*>AAa)

it

has no validity at

all

Crom every point of view, on


Ij^S" *yrj t>
in

grounds;

j4-j uwj'Ai facial, of the face

from many pointa of view,


*j*-jfi iJii J* in

many

respecta;

Bome

^-j
design,

wijha,

wujha

pl,

-dt

directum,

in every respect, in ways; tyrJ\ Jf every way, all the way through, oom-

trend, drtft ; course (of a ship) ; intention,

aim,

goal,

objective;

respect,

pletely ;

2.

Verbal

phrases :

ji-i t

regard;

(=
<|*-^]l

JU\
*i*

h*-j

tm-nafar)

A+t-j ibyatjtfa

wajhuh to enjoy an exgood repute;


fall

angle, point of view, viewpoint, stand-

cellent reputation* stand in

point

^ in this respect; from


j^-l
~*vri

4^-j ijj imoadda wajhvh to


discredit,

into

this point of view;

t> (*&*&)

be discredited, be in diagraoe;
to win respeot, gain prestige;
X*-\

from a

different Btandpoint,
^j-jjIj

from another
is

L^-j

X*-\

point of view;

*^*-j he

on his

l^jji\

t^j

(wajha l-'aroa) to oon<^*-j

way

to PariB esteem, credit, repute,


dis-

Bummate marriage;
wajhah to make
in
s.o.

<iL*l

to

<U-j wajha
prestige,

insult s.a to his face; <j*-j

^^j bayyafa
wbitewash,

ifluence, stonding, rank,

appear blameless,
to

tinction, notability; acceptability ; well-

favorable

light,

foundedness, soundness, solidity, validity)

exculpate,
s.o.

vindioate, justify s.o*, play

i*Uj

j'i

person of rank; notable, noted,


<*U-^)t

up,

make muoh
wajhu

of s.o.; to honor

s.o.,

eminent, distinguished;
al-w. the notables

J*' ohl

show honor to
(fcal,
f-f.)

s.o.;

his

JtJ^ **-j *J "t*way was unob-

structed, he

had

cfear sailing;
4**-j
s.o.

<^j

*-

,>Uj
4-ij.j

wijki oontradiotory (jur.)


pl. l#*-j

mjfaha wajhah or
to expose
of
s.o.,

*j* (aawwada)

K7iA

wujah** notable,

s.o.,

show

up,

make

a fool

noted, eminent, distinguished; eminent

bring

s.o.

into discredit, disgrace

man, person of

note,

notable; leader;

b.o.,

dishonor

s.o.;

L-I

**-j *j*

$aw
*_>i

excellent, oatstanding; acceptable, well-

waha wajha
-li^Jl **-j

J-fc.

to distort the truth;

founded, Bound; Ipv" tne n tables


a~*.j

to disgrace one's profession or

^*

(aabab)

sound reason
lady of high social

office; **j j*>l\ **-j v_r- (wajha l-amri

i--j

wajlha

pl. -dt

wa-'ainah) to touch on the very eesence of a matter, hit tbe mark;

standing; lady of sooiety, sooialite


.U" tujha (prep.) in front of, faoing,

*U
opposite

j -^U

4J-J

to stand

up

to

s.o.,

take a stand

against s.o.;

j"^i
3.

*-j

from

s.o.;

^j*

to flee
4*-_y]l

Nominal phrases:

K^y

taujih aiming, leveling, directing

j_^JI (bahrt) Lower Egypt; J-l


(qibli)

4^1

orientation ;
trolling,

guidance,

direction ;

Con-

Upper Egypt;

jU-i *-j the circum-

steering,

ohanneling,

leading,
tpl.

stances, the Btate of affairs, the factual

guiding;
-dt)

(methodioal)

Instruction;

Situation;

~SJl

**-j

u>.

aS-bh point of

directive,

Instruction ;

allooation
|

reaemblanee;

jl^JI

**-j

wajha n-nahr

transfer, conveyance, assignment


*LW*it.

<*-ji

during the daytime; ,1m*- j ji {*& (kalm)


equivocal Btatement, ambiguous words;
jJA\
*-j\

Jptfhu direotives that one re-

ceives
^jt+rji taujihl
:

a.

al-qamar the lunar phases;

^^-yll iiJI (aana)

fifth

^Ul

tyt-j

prominent

people,
**-j

leading
(wajha)

grade of a Beoondary sohool, the oompletion of

Personalities;

4.

which

is

prerequisite before

*>r)

1054

admittance to a university (Eg.); oL^t


-i^r>
cessful

profess belief in the unity of God, be a

diploma conferred. after the succompletion of the


fifth

monotheist ;

jjjJl

-u- j

to

oonsolidate,

grade of a

or fund, debta
o.a.,

to be one, alone,

by

eecondary school, entitling the holder to

the only one, singular, unique; to

admittance to a university (Eg,);


u^rjzll faiabat
at-t. fifth

Ji

be lonely, solitary, live in solitude, lead

graders of a sec-

a secluded
carry out

life; to
o.s.

do alone, perform or
s.th.); to

ondary chool (Eg.)


<4*- 1^*

by

(^

be reduced

muwjaha

oppoaite

poeition,

to one; to be united, be oombined, be


unified,

Opposition; meeting; facing, anticipation, countering, obviation;

be standardized, be ooncerted,

encounter; oon-

be Consolidated; to beoome one, form a


unity
|

frontation; talk from person to person,

aAj -u-y

(bi-ra'yihi) to

Btand
(bi-

personal talk; audience; interview;

mu*

alone with one 's opinion ;

ob** 4*.J

wjakatan face to face, (from) person to


person
*j~y
|

'inyatiM) to Single s.o. out for one's


special care, give s.o. partioular attention

<^-\ye in his presence


tawajjuh attention;
favoritism,

VIII

o^l

ittahada

to

be one, form a

unity; to be united, be oombined, be


Consolidated,

patronage
Lfl ittijh pl. -( direction jinclination,

be amalgamated, merge,
in,

form, or join
bine
(<_*

a union; to unite, oom-

bent, trend, drift; tendenoy; orientation;

with); to be agreed, be unaniagree, conour; to act jointly


I-U-

course

(e.g.,

of a ship)
J

x*-\j *\J-\

jj

Jj^

mous; to
-U-

one-way

street; .u-lj

Ltfl

One Way Only

hida solitude, solitariness

J*

(traffic sign)

alone,
pl. -t face, front;
|

by o.a., apart from


;

others, detached,
;

*4*-lj

wjiha

outside;

facade; show

window

Jbl! ***-lj front

separate(Iy) !-uJ* JS* everyone by himself, each by himself (itself),

isolated, secluded

line, fighting front **-j*

each separately, each individually

muwajjih mate (naval rank; Eg,

*X*-j *-^-j

wahdah,
'o'
|

f.

U-U-j
etc.,

wahdah or
he alone, he

1939)
*-ja

J*

wahdihl

muwajjah

by himself
remote-controlled,
Jj o*-j
...

.u-j U-

he oame alone; but

guided
*3*z*

not only

...

muttajih directed, tending, aiming

J*-j

wahda oneness,

aingleness, unity;

(j in a direction)

solitariness, Isolation, seolusion, privacy,

solitude, loneliness; self-oontainment, in-

>w muttajah
all

direction
in
all

**u* JS*

in

dependence; union;

(pl. -t)

military

directions ;

fields,

in

every

unit; crew; single group, grouping; plant


unit,

respect
m-j

installation ;

(subsidiary)

unit (of Bubj

wahada o* yahidu

(lJ*-j

wdhda,

i.u-

an industrial plant); branoh


office

offlce,

hida)

and wahuda to be alone, unique,

(of

an administrative agency)
to.

singular,

unmatched, without equal, incomparable II to make into one, unite,

*j^Vl CjI-U-j

al-i&ra

Communica-

unify, atandardize, regularize (* s.th.);

tions unita (m*J.); j*J\ S-u-j w. az-zaman time unit; 5-ijlL *-U-j denominational

to connect, join, link, unite, bring together,


fit

group, religious minority;


('arabiya)

<jj*ll

li*-J\

together, combine, consolidate,


dififerent parte)
|

Arab unity, the Arab Union


wahddnl
single, solitary, sep-

amalgamate, merge (J+>


-il

jl-u-j

.u-j to

declare

God

to be one; to

arate, individual; sole, only, exclusive;

; ;;

-; ;

1056

cr-J
the United Arab Republio and

singular, unique; matchleas, unequaled,

(i.e.,

YemaI^VI

incomparable; Single, unmarried


<J j*-j wahdntya soleness, solitariness
I

en);

*iJ^Jl

jU'I

or

J-i^-Jl

{J-ij-JI) the Soviet


jjL*:
I

Union
unionistio

isolation,

secluaion,

privacy;

sohtude,

ittihdi
4jjl*cl

unionist ;

loneliness;
(esp.

onenesa,

singleness,

unity

federal

<*_^- fderal government

of God);

singularity,

uniqueness,

incomparableness
x^-j

-wlj tvhid one (numeral); someone, somebody, a certain person, a oertain


. . ,

wahid

alone;

solitary,

lonely;

aole,

only;

(pl.

<jl.u-j

umhdn)

Single,

Single, separate, individual, sporadic, iso-

solitary,

separate,
|

individual,

sporadic,

lated;

sole,

oniy,

exclusive;

singular,

iaolated

l-u-lj

loJj or \~\y l-u-lj or

unique; matchless, unequaled, incomparable


j

a^lj
one,

Aaj

o^Ij or

^"^l

-Ut

j*-\j

one by
the

Lf-^jl

!-L-j w. abatvaih

her par-

Single,

Beparately,

one

after

enta' only

daughter
singular, unique

other, one at a tinae, sucoessively ; .u-l^l

u-jl
-l-jj

auhad1

the

One

(attribute of God);

4^1^)1
4*-lj

each of them, every one of them;


tauhld unification, union, comfusion;
l-LfT

such a one, such a man, (any)one

bination,

standardization,

reg-

like that; .u-lj JS* kullu

whidin every-

ularization; consolidation, amalgamation,

one, everybody; 4*-lj


in

merger; belief in the unity of God; profession of the unity of


(rnyst.)

^^ J (maudi'in)
J*-Ij

one and the same place;


single

Vj not
<^Uljj

God monotheism
;

one, not

one;

Lj1.u-jj

mergence
|

in

the unity of the


consolidation of

zarftin

tua-wvhdnan in groups and

universe

JjjoJI

-l*->J
t.

alone

debts

*- jjJI

-L*-^
(.

az-zauja

monogamy
U-j* muwahhid professor of the unity
of

ijxil -L*-^>
ion, joining

al-kalima unification, Un-l-_>j

of forces, unanimity; of
at-t.

God;
aj.

j-if-^U the

Almohades
Consolidat-

oU-jzJ.1

standardization
-L-j=JI

induatrial
(Islamic)

muwahhad combined,
; ;

products;

1*

*ilm

ed,

amalgamated united

unified; stand

theology
Xp-jj

ardized, regularized;

unipolar
(letter)

(cZ,);

tawahhud

soleness,

having one diacritical point


singleneas,
-u-ji

solitariness; isolation, Beclusion, privacy;

muiawahhid

solitary, rare, spo-

solitude, lonelineaa
iL*:!

radic, isolated; recluse, hermit

ittihd onenesa, Bingleness, unity;

Wu

muttahid united, combined, Con-

concord, accord, unison, harmony, unanimity,

solidated,

amalgamated; uniform, stand oL/^II

agreement

combination

con-

ardized; harmonioua, united, unanimouB,


in

solidation,
alliance,

amalgamation, merger, fusion;


association;
fed|

agreement, concordant

J.ujJ.1

confederacy;

(wilyt) the

United States; 3-u^ll *y\

eration; union;
jLtfL

chemical

Compound
efforta,

(umam) the United Nations


-i-ji*

in

unison,

with combined
Ij^l iL*:!
;

mustauhid solitary, lonely,

iso-

together, jointly;
lj^/1
jL*:Lj

unanimity;
OjjJI
jL*:l
jL*:l

lated ^J^-j IV to be deserted, desolate (region); to

unanimosly

,*UI

(mm)
*iHJ^

Universal

Postal

Union;

vy^

*" jonb

ifriqiya the

Union
itt.

oppress,
( s.o.);

of South Africa; o_^JI JjoJl jl*l

ad-

to

make uneasy, make ( b.o.)


(

fll

with anxiety

feel lonely,

make
one's

duwal al-'arabiya the United Arab States

lonesome

s.o.);

to

grieve

by

J~>
abaenoe
( s.o.)

1066

to be desolate, deserted,

mutawahhiS wild (animal), aavage; barbarous, barbario; brutal, cruel;

waste; to be or beoome wild, aavage,


brutal; to bnitalize,

beoome brutiah

a savage ; a barbarian

to be desolate, deeerted, waste; to feel


lonely; to be diatressed, aaddened

jt^

muatauhiS

wild,

savage

by the
a

aavage; lonesome, lonely;

melancholio,

Separation (J from
s.o.);

s.o.).

misB badly (J
(,>.

gloomy, aad, unhappy


<Jm~j

to have an aversion

to), feel

distaste (,> for), feel repelled

(>

by); to
o.a.

wahf luxuriant and blaok

(hair)

be unable to
to), feel

warm

or reoonoile

{j-

no partioular liking (<> for); to be alienated, beoome estranged; to be

J*-^ yauAaJu to sink in mire, get Jp.j stuck in the mud; to be stuok, be strandtuahila

ed,
aoil

oome

to a deadlock, be in a fix

II

to

afraid
(J

l^j

toakl

waste,

deserted,

lonely,

dreary, desolate; wild, untamed (animal);

muddy {* a.th.); to become slimy, muddy or muoky (the ground) IV to mire { s.o.), make ( s.o.) stick fast
with mud,
in the

(pl. ,J-j-j

wuAi, Ll*-j wuhin) wild


beaat;

mud, get
s.o. in

a.o.

into a quagmire,

animal, wild
ijLiJl

game; monster

throw
dirty,

the J^j*- (4riy&) animals, the beasts of prey


<i*-j

predatory

mud V to be muddy, miry X = V


the
wohl, wahal pl.

or

become

J*-j

Syj

tuuhl, JU-ji

wahSa

lonelineas,

forlomness,
(fig.)

auhl mud, mire, slough, morass


J-j

desolation, oheerlessness, dreariness;


ehilliness,
(e.g.,

wahil muddy, dirty, miry

frostiness,

frigidity,

ooldness

of relations); gloom, melanoholy,

J*-^.
fix,

mauhil

muddy

ground, slough;

weird feeling; Btrangeness, eatrangement,


alienation
,-i*-j

predicament

toah untamed, wild; brutish,


j-j

J*-^ mwvahhal muddy, miry; covered, mud-spattered; dirty

mud-

aavage, unoivilized, barbarous; brutal;


cruel; ugly; repulsive, diBgusting; direot-

wahima
(waham) to

f-

yahimu,

f-ji

yavhamit

feel appetite,

have a longing,

ed out ward, outer, externa!


anatomical parte)
outer anklebone
<J^-j
|

(esp.,

of

&*-jfl

*)!

(*a'&)

a oraving
j-j

{* for), desire (* B.th.)

waham a

oraving for certain food


appetite,

wah&ya

wildness,

savageneu,

during

pregnancy;

craving,

longing, ardent desire


#U-j

ferooity, brutality, savagery; barbarity,

barbarism

toahm,

wihm

a craving

for

^Ul

certain food during pregnancy; appetite,

Vidi lonelineas, forlomness

craving, longing, ardent desire


urihm, i/^j jj wahm pl. >U-j loahm craving for certain food (preg-

Jj

tawahhui return to a wild or

avage atate, wildness, savageness, barbarity, brutalization ; brutality

nant woman)

^Mr :'J

tlhi strangeness, estrange-

ment, alienation, unsociability; weirdness, uncanniness, eerinese

zr* wahwaha

to tremble, shiver, shudder

(j* from, with)

Jy
forlorn,

mhiS desolate, dreary, deserted,


lonely,

^yj wah yi yahx {wahy) to inspire (v


a.o. with);

Jl

waste;

oppressed,

un-

to reveal

(.->

Jl to s.o. s.th.)

eaey, anxioua; weird, eerie,

uncanny

IV to inspire (^

Jl s.o. with); to reveal

1057

*3

(^

Jl

to s.o. a.th.; of God); to give

an
to

jtj

(aee

also

j)

wakuma
to

f-jt

yaukumu
(e.g.,

idea,

give

an impression

(j*

of);

(U-j wakma)
air, olimate);

be unhealthy

suggeat, give rise to the idea (jl that), oreate the npreasion (Ol
pass. Jl that, as if);
it

to be unwhole&ome, heavy,

indigestihle;

^jl hiya

ilayya

oocurred to
I

f-^ (wakam) to Buffor from Indigestion VIII


ittakama to Buffer from Indigestion

wakima

yaukamu
jtl

me, the idea suggeated


think,
I

itself,

came to
s.o. 's {)

was inapired X to ask


()

Je tukama

pl. -dt,

- tukam surfett;

advice, aeek s.o.'a


s.o.);

oounael, oonsult
( * (

indigestion; upset atomach


f-j

to let o.a. be inapired

with

a.th.

by

s.o.),

aeek inapiration

* in s.th.
(;>

wakam unhealthy

air; dirt, fllth,

from
from)

s.o.);
|

to derive, deduoe

* a.th.

aqualor

J^ill

^/v1-

(fikrata) to let o.a.


litj*

Vj wakim unhealthy; unwholesome,


heavy, indigeatible; dirty,
-+j wajctm
filthy,

be guided by the thought; j(mau'izatan) to


j-j

t/v1-

'

aqualid

draw a

leason from

unhealthy;

indigeatible;
|

waky inapiration;
ih*

revelation (theol.)
|

bad,

evil,

dangerous,

fatal, disastrous

Ul

auggeation

Jlj .Ul

(ddti)

JU1I -*-j of evil consequenoes


i>U-j

autosuggestion

wakma

unhealthiness, unwhole-

O
radio

r IjwaAmradiotranamitter;

O ,y]fl
dis-

someneas; evil natura


f-j\

ankam1

unhealthier; worae
indigeatible;

-j*

mhin

inspiring;

revealing;

r=j*,.-

muataukam
|

un-

penser of revelations
*.j*

wholesome
in-

>y=

jlj?

(majz) taateless

mhan

pl.

oU-y* mhayt

metaphor

(rhet.)

apiration, revelation

+j wak Jt yaki (waky)


mustauhan innuenced, adviaed, guided, inepired (j* by); derived, deduced
*-ji_*
i

to intend, purpose

(* s.th., to

do

s.th.),

have in mind, have


(* at), aspire (* to),

in

view

(* e.th.),
(*)

aim

(j* from)
ji-j

be out for
yakizu {wakz) to sting, prick,
to pierce, transfix, stab to to vex, pester, harass,
( a.o.)

II do.; to lead, guide (


s.th.,

wakam
(

jt-

a.o.)

twinge

( s.o.);

a.th.), a.th.),
for),

V to intend, purpose {* have in mind, have


aim
for

to do
(*

in

view

death

s.o.);

(* at), aspire {* to), strive (*


(.*),

beset, irritate,
jt-j

torment

be out

put one's mind (*


(* on)
|

to),

set one's

mind, be intent

local

pain,

wakz atinging, pricking; sharp, _*~*J' twinges j*-j com|

j^ j^-y

to follow a method, proeeod methodically,

systematically ;
objeet, have an

*jU-

punctiona, pangs of remorse *J*-jwakza (n.


b\yi~j

,vvj
in

to pursue an

aim

mind
wukiy, wikxy
in-

vic.) sting, prick,

twinge

^j
ry
ij

waky

pl.

^f-j

wakazn needling, nagging

tention, aim, plan

jU-j wakkz stinging, pricking; biting,

tawakkin design, intent


(Ist. pers. perf.

sharp, pungent, smarting, fierce, violent

wadda

wadidtu) a (wadd,

yi~\j

wkiz atinging, pricking; biting,

wudd, widd,

*\}j

waddd, wudad, Ijj* ma


like (*,

sharp, pungent, smarting, fierce, violent


\^-j toakafa

wadda) to love,
fond
(*, of);

s.o., s.th.),

be

yakifu (wakf) to turn gray,


( s.o.;

to want, wish (* s.th., l or


|

make

gray- haired

of age)

or o\J that s.th. be)

jJBi

J~u

l ijl

I ehould like
likea;

him

to

do thU ;

jy_

1^ as he

imperf.
off,

and imp.) to

let,

Ieave; to leave

L^

lT ji Ojjj (fau, gantyan) I


1

stop, ceaae; to give up, omit, skip

wiah he were rioh ; j*


to wish
friends,
o.a. far

Xm

*j

jj

(na/joA)

(* s.th., JI in
tiJLp

order to turn to

B.th. eise)
|

away from
friends
{

become

make with s.o.) V to


III

to

93 da* 'anka desistl stop! ^kr- fj or j- iL. da' ha min not to speak of .... let
aJone...; IJ> cut
it

show

love or affection (J or JI to s.o.);


s.o.'s

ji*j (da'ka) stop thatt

to try to gain favor (JI with), seek


(JI) friendship;
o.a.
(

out! U* j> L*j {da'n) let's not


it!

to ouiry favor, ingratiate


one's
(

talk about
let

enough of that!
-u

^.

L*j

JI with), flatter

way

JI into)
b.o.'b

us go!

*&
be

(mahaUan) to leave
(*!> j mild-tempered,

to attract, captivate
()

s.o.),

win

room;
wadd'a)

to

wadu'a fjy yaudu'u


gentle,
II

love or fnendhip VI to love each

other, be

on

friendly terms, be friends

meek, peaceable
well
{

to see off, bid fare(.

ij wadd,

widd,

wudd

love, affection,
|

s.o.);
(

to take leave

of),

say

amity, fnendship; wish, desire


ji

Uj^ jlT

farewell

to s.o.) IV to put down, lay

(bi-waddin)

we should be
wudd
pl.

pleased if

down

(* >,

s.o.,

s.th. in

a place, also

fig., s.th.

in a book), lodge, deposit {* *


(*

ij wadd, widd,
jjl

jl^l audd,
affectionate,

s.th. in

a place); to entrust
leave {*

to

s.o.

awudd, awidd loving;

s.th.); to

with

s.o. s.th.),

give

tender; fond, attached, devoted; lover


,_fjj

(*

s.o. s.th.) for

safekeeping, give s.th.

waddi,

widdi,

wuddi

friendly,

(*) in

charge of
|

s.o. (),

consign (*

to

amicable
s\*j wadd, widd,

s.o. s.th.)

j>JI

**i jl (njna) to

throw

s.o.

wudd

love, friend-

in prison

to lay down, put down, place,

ship

lodge, deposit (* * s.th. in


entrust,

a place); to
(*

consign,
(

commit

to
s.o.),

s.o.

iS^ij waddi amioable, friendly, of


friend

a
s.th.),

leave

* s.th. with

give

(*

s.o. B.th.)

for Bafekeeping, give s.th.


{.);

*j*j wadd

favorably

dispoeed,

at-

(*) in

Charge of s.o.

to put on half pay,


(

tached, devoted, fond, friendly


-bjj

transfer to provisional retirement


atoffloial);
dil

an
|

wadid

favorably

disposed,

to stre, warehouse (> B.th.)


(ha)
to
Zi\

tached, devoted, fond, friendly


ij*

**.}j^.\

commend

b.o.

to

mawadda

love; friendhip

God'8 protection;

iLj^l

farewell!

God
*\y

with you! good-by! adieu!

tawdd friendly relationa, good


*** da'a mild-temperedness, meekneas,

terms

gentlenesa,

gentle-heartedness ;

calm,

r*j wadaj
*-ljjl
i.e.)

pl.

^Ijjl

audj jugular vein

oomposure, equanimity

li^l (his jugular veins swelled,

he flew into a rage, he became fu-

j wad* lodging, depoeiting, deposition

rions; (also iised in the sense of:) to be-

fij uxuT, wado'


ahes
ptaj

(coli.;

n. un. ) sea-

oome

inflated with pride, Bwagger, bluster

^Ijj widj jugular vein

wadS
!

farewell,

leave-taking,

adieu, valediction; ffjjJl

and Utaj

fare-

jij II to endanger, imperil


( s.th.)

( s.o.);

to

wte

well

adieu

God

with you ! good-by

~**\j

wadaa

gentle-heartedness, gentle-

9j wadaa p-u yada'u (wad') to put down,


lodge, deposit (* s.th.); (usually only in

ness, mild-temperedness, meekness, peaoe-

ableness

; ;

1009

VJJ
wad
jJj yotii to

jjj

ivadf

calm,

peaceable,

gentle-

,jij

pay blood money


destroy

{*

hearted, mild-tempered,
i-jjj

meek

for s.o. killed)


off
s.th.
s.o.,
(t_j

IV to perish, die; to cut


kill,
(-

uxjdfa

pl.

jIjj

wadT*

s.o.;

of death); to
|

entrusted to

a.o.'s

custody, trust, oharge;


tihi)

s.th.)

iL*

&j\
Cj*_*j

{bi-haytihx)

to

deposited amount; depoait


4*-i_.

destroy
to

s.o.'s life;

^jjl (bi-#\hha*

ruin

s.o.'b

health,

Bap

b.o.'b

mtda'a apron (dootor'a) amook


;

strength
4jj cfiya pl.

i^jj

tauft*

farewell,

adieu,

leave-

-dt

blood money, wergild;

taking; ralediotion
flojl

indemnity for bodily injury


consigning, deposi\j

laVT lodging,

wdin

pl.

iojl avdiya, jL>jj tvidyn

iting,
slip,

depoaition
certificate

fj-bVI

**^

depoait
valley; river Valley, river bed, ravine,
gorge, wadi; river; (newspaper)

of depoait; Warrant of
mahtfar
al-i. offloial

column

arreet; fl-V'

.^^

jJ-l

record of depoait

,>

Ij^jI

JUI
jlj

(Av6r)

to pour forth
jij

(jur.)

flooda of ink;

Jolj

,/ we
is

flxl^l ftaVT lodging, consigning, depoaiting,

belong to different camps ; there


gulf between us,
Jr*
<i J j'

a deep
apart;

depoaition ;

reserve ;

transfer
offlcial)

we etand worlds
<;

to provieional retirement (of an

j&JI

fj*-

(Aawunma, ^ru,
off,

putting on half pay (mil.)


in

f li-L-Vl

Satt)

approx.: his thoughts trailed


B.th. eise,

prorisional

retirement ;

unattached,

he was thinking of
absent-minded;
tan) to die
jlj

he waa
(paiAa-

on half pay;
al-ist.

fj-iJ^M JJ* makzan

***~*
(call);

^i
OLsj

depot
uxfcft'

unheard

j #U

f jlj

consignor,
gentle,

depositor,

de-

approx.: he was no longer himself, he

ponent,

lodger;

mild,
;

meek;

was

floating in

higher realma,

he was

peaoeable,
low, deep

composed, calm

moderate

beside himself, he was out of his Benses


jlj JS*

everywbere, on

all

sides; jjIj
in

f,i^. mfirfi'

consignor, lodger, depositor;

UU

w. half

Wadi Haifa (town

gentle, mild,

meek; moderate; low, deep


lodged,
jjJ

Sudan, on Egyptian border)


(jij) only imperf.

f *j* poaited;

mda

consigned ;
fj>_^

de-

ji yadaru and imp.

ji

depoait;

(ladaihi)

4ar to

let,

leave; to let alone, leave alone;

keeper, oonsignee, depository


f >y
,

to let be, stop, cease; to leave behind to equivoeate, expresa o.s. in equiv-

mu&taitdi' depositor

<^>jj II

_jy^*

mustauda

lodged,

consigned;

ocal
cross,

terms (jp about)

in

to double( s.o.)

depoaited; stored; in provisional retire-

dupe, outfox, outamart


pl. <->\jj\

ment; unattached, on half pay,

in reserve;

(pl. -l)

depoaitory, repoaitory; Btore-

<_Oj warb

aurb obliqueness,

houBe;

warehouse, depot; O hangar; O Container, reservoir, (storage) tank O vij-^ *y~ training center (m.)
|

obliquity, slantingness ; oblique direotion,


inclination, slope, alant, diagonal
|

-o^JL

obliquely, slantingly, aslant; diagonally,

transversely

ihij wadlqa
t\ij

pl.

Jj'^j tvad'iq* lawn,

meadow

v'jj wirb obliqueness, obliquity


jlj*

wadak
i\j

fat

muwraba
J

equivocation,

am-

wadik, jj wadk, dhjj wadik

biguity

ij'j* jJj or *jj'j*

j* J un -

and

iij[>

wdik fat

(adj.)

equivocally, in

no uncertain terms

V->J

1060

t>jjj*

mauTvb oblique,

inclined, slant-

reach
at),

(Jl

or * a place), arrive (Jl or *


to, get to,

ing, sloping; diagonal, transversa; partly

come

travel to;

to be

open, ajar (door)


-\j!>*

muwrab

ajar (door)
{vrirt,

received (J* by s.o.; letter, money, or the like), come to s.o. 's (J*) hands; to
aoorue,

oome

(J*

to

s.o.;

revenue,

<L>jj

warita ij^ yariiu

ijl

irt, *Sj\ irfa,

proceeda, eto.) II to
(lj s.th. eise or s.o.),

make

(* s.th.)
{*)

reach
(

Uljj wirja, j
heir ( to
(

rifa,

il/

furdf)

to be

get s.th.

to

);

s.o.),

be

a.o.'s {*) heir;

to inherit

to bring in, import (* s.th.); to supply,


furnish, feed

or j* or j* * a.th. from
( s.o.);

s.o.)

to

appoint as heir
will, leave,
h.o. a.th.)

to transfer

by

(v *

a.th. in),

(^ * s.th. to); pay (^ * s.th.


<*,
*

to deposit
into)

IV to

bequeath,

IT

II;

make over (* * to to draw down, bring


oause (*

make
(* or

or

have

s.o.,

s.th.)

come
*, .

J*

to), bring,

take

(Jl or

down
B.th.)

J*

(*

on

s.o. s.th.),

s.o.

b.o., s.th. to);

to transfer, convey, trans* s.th.

VI to have inherited

(* s.th.); to

port,

move

(Jl

to

place); to
in (*

possess as an inheritance (* s.th.)


ti<ji

import

(* s.th.); to deposit,

pay

an

trf

heritage, inheritance, legacy;

amount); to produce, present

(* s.th.);

estate (of inheritance)

to supply, furnish (* s.th.); to mention,


state, set forth, bring up, allege, adduoe,

1>jj wiri inheritance, legacy


IjIjj urirta

oite,

quote

(* s.th.), interpose, introduce,

inheritance, legacy; hered-

mention casually, drop in passing, throw


in
(a s.th.,

itariness, hereditary transmission, hered-

in

one's speech)

VI to

ity

arrive suocessively,
tvirtyi

come one

alter the

jljj

hereditary

v'jj

other; to succeed one another, be suclt*L^'

hereditary diseases
ti-jjj

cessive, conseoutive; to arrive,

come

in,

oome to hand (news,


warit
pl.

dispatohes);

to

*\jjj

wurat'*

beir,

coincide,

happen to be

identical (ideas,

inheritor
<1>\J turt

thoughts)
inheritance, legacy
pl. tijjj_>*

to have (a s.th.) supplied or

furnished (j*
get, procura

by or

from), buy, draw,

<^>\jy mtrj

mawrii heritage,

(^

* s.th. from); to import

inheritance, legacy, estate


l>j\y

(<> * s.th. from)

tawruf

transmission

by

ijj wird watering place; animals Comin-

ing

to the water;

(pl.

jljjl

heritance; heredity
speoified time of
u^jlj

aurd)

day or night devoted to


a section of the
|

wrif

pl.

4jjj

warata,

iljj

private worship (in addition to the five

wurrt inheriting; heir, inheritor


<ttjjj*

prescribed

prayers);

maurf inherited; handed down,

Koran
*t

recited on thia occasion

ij^Jl

transmitted, traditional; hereditary

^wll

UIU

ifill

(flam)
(yuftt

and *jj\
/

JUVj
&jj*
legator
<ljj\yu mutaturaf inherited
l

j-UJl

mutvarrii

and mrit

J=i i\

l-gudw

testator,

wa-htydl) approz.: always the same old


story
tjljjj

*L bint wardna

pl. \*jj

oL

*jj

warada

i/

yaridu

(ijjj

vrurd)

to

bant w. cookroach
Jjjj toarld pl. ojjl aurida, jjj wurwl,

come, arrive; to appear, show up; to be


found, be
letter,

met with, be

said

in a book,
in);

ijjj wurd vein; jugular vein


habl al-w. jugular vein

-UjjJl

J-*-

etc.),

be mentioned (j

to

1061

k
ijj

ijjj

wurd coming,

arrival,

advent;

ward

(coli.;

n.

un.

pl.

ijjj

receipt; appearanoo

vrurd rose(s); bloasoms, flowera,


sj\j

bloom
oook-

ijj*

mavrid

pl.

mawrid? place

ljjwarda

(n. un.) rose; roaette;


(eg.)

of

arrival, (place of ) destination ; aooeBB

ade; rosebush;

washer; (epOpaoking

to the water, to a watering place ; watering


place; spring, well; resouroe, resort, ex-

ring (of a piston)

&JJ
pink
1j jjj

toardl roseate, rose-oolored, rosy;

pedient; place of origin, of provenience;

BOurce

of

inoome;
|

inoome,
JjoJl

revenue;

supply; importation

jjlj*

m. ad-

wardlya rosary

davXa government revenues; C-jJ jj'j* m. az-za oil wells; <Lui\ jjij* m. alma'i&a food-supply lineB

tijj
>jjj

wurda reddish oolor


tawarrud a reddening, red color-

ation
*jj*
*jj^*

place, quay,

jj* maurida watering place; landing wharf


Jjjjj taurid pl. -t furniahing, provision,

muwartad

rosy, ruddy, red

mtUawanid rosy

purveyance; importation, import; supply;


feed
>LiJl x.jy supply of goods
|

^-Ijj^l JL>- jibl ai-aurs the Aures


tains (in
x

Moun-

Algeria)

jlj-1

ir&d adduction, allegation, bring-

tfjj vnraSa

^j_ yaru

{wari) to interfere

ing up, mention(ing), citation, quotation;

with

s.o.'s

(pl. -t)

importation, import; supply;

revenue, income; returns, proceeds, takings, reoeipts


;

(J*) II trouble

thruat o.s. on s.o. (J*) plana, to diaturb the peace, make

yield, gain, profit

Jjj wariS lively, brisk;


aoaite

restless, restive

jjly tawrud suceesaive arrival;


cidental identity of ideas

Jj\j wdrii obtrosive; intruder, para-

jljc~l isttrd importation, import(B)


jjlj

jj waria
-iL- VI

pl.

-dt,

Jjj

wirai Workshop

wrid

pl.

iljj

wurrd arriving;

jj

w.

ai-tfilh

repair ahop, Serv-

found,
pl. -t

mentioned;

newcomer, arrival;
oljiLfj otajlj

ice Station ; J--*

jj laundry

importe; receipta, inoominga, re{

ijj

and IV to entangle, embroil, involve

turns, proceede, takings

imports and exports


>jj* mvtoarrid suppber, furnisher, pur-

(j * s.o. in difflcultiea), put s.o. () in an unpleasant Situation, get s.o. in a bad


fix

V to

let o.s. in for difflculties,

get o.a.

veyor, contractor

into trouble; to be entangled, be


hroiled,

emin-

become involved
be
in)
pl.

in)

to be

ijy* mu&taurid importer

entangled,

embroiled,

become

objj^-. mustauradt imported goods,


imports

volved
~&jj

warfa

warat,

J*ljj

wirf

jjj

II

to blossom, be in
(*

bloom

(tree); to

difflcult or critical Situation, diffloulty,

apply rouge
a.th.); to

to), rouge,

make up
(* s.th.)

trouble,
(*

plight,

predicament, awkward
fix,

dye or color red

V to

position,

dilemma,

jam; embroil-

be or become red; to take on a rosy


color, glow,

ment, bad entanglement


Jj_y

be aglow, be flushed (cheek)

tawarruf entanglement, involvein)

VI

ment j
(

JS
^jjj* maurf in a a dilemma
plight, in a

1062

bad

fix,

Iper

(J-

or)

J LsJ

3jj

{naSSf,

in

na&fS) blotting paper;

<jjJ6

3jj paper
papers,

ijj* muwarrap
fix,

in a plight, in a

bad

money; u-x^iUI 3jj w.


tickets;

ai-y-na^tb lottery

in a

dilemma

jU-i^l

jljjl

bueiness

commercial papers;

jt1/l jljjl creden-

fjj wari'a 9j yari'u (tvara') and waru'a (cljj warff a) to be pious and godfearing

tials;

i*jX\ jljjl
J>'jj'
-

govemment bonds;
bonds; banknotes,
o.

i-*^'

a al-qofcya court records;

Y to pause

(jt before), be cau-

*JL

Jljjl securities,

tious, hesitate (je about), refrain, abstain


(jfr,

paper money;

J~j>ll jljjl

al-msiq

> from)
uwra' piety, piousness, godliness,
caution,

sheet music; ijJ jljjl


-tfJI v).

3jj an-naqd banknotes, paper money;

{naqdiya),

f-jj

godfearingness ;

cautiousness,

<5jJ

carefulness; timorousness, timidity, shy-

effect
aJUI

J* s*- (Mb1") mere ink on paper, of no (e.g., treaty, agreement); *yU Jp j'jjV to lay the oards on the

table; to

show

one's
(n.

hand

fjj wari'
godfearing ; reserved

pl.

f-'jj'

aurff pioue, godly,


careful ;
reticent,
4tjj

waraqa

cautious,

un.) leaf; petal; sheet

of paper; piece of paper, slip; note; oard,


ticket;

doeument, record,

paper;
|

thin

Jijj warafa Jjj yarifu {warf, .Jujj warif,

metal plate, leaf of sheet metal


postcard; iLJI jj banknote;

Oj^JI "jj

ojjj
long

wurf) to stretch, extend, become

ii-j+X*

(ahadow)

to

sprout,

be

green,

{Tnadmga) stamped sheet;


la'ib

<_^J

Vjj jj w.

verdant, in bloom (plant) II and IT to


Stretch, extend,

playing card; iJL jj banknote;


fL^lfl *ijj

become long (shadow)

bond, security;
bill

w. al-iUihm

Jijlj wrif extending, stretching (shad-

of indictment

ow) ; green, verdant, blooming luxuriant


;

jjj waraqi: Jjj ij


jjj wariq
leafy, green,
pl.

paper money

3jj

II

to

leaf,

burst into

leaf,

put forth
(*

verdant

leaves, sprout; to leaf,

thumb
leaf,

a book);

jljj warrq

-n paper manufacturer,

to paper (* a wall) IY to
leaf,

burst into

papermaker; stationer; wastepaper dealer ; copyist (of manuscripts)

put forth leaves, sprout


(coli.;

jjj waraq
aurq paper
metal,
foliage,

n. un.

pl.

jljjl

ljj wirqa papermaking, paper manufacture; stationery business, atationer's

leafage,

leaves ;
;

paper
sheet

money

banknotes

thin

trade
jjlj wriq leafy, green, verdant

laminated metal

**/ 3jj w.

tamga stamped paper;

~.JI

3jj

u>.

ar-

raam

drawing

paper

jiSjJ*

jj j

w.

jjj muwarriq stationer jjj* mriq leafy


iJjj

muzarkoS
*_^LJl jjj

wallpaper,

paper

hangings

w. aa-sanfara

emery paper,
jjj
(Sajff)

glass paper, sandpaper; Jilii

wark, wirk, warik


hip, haunch; thigh

f.,

pl.

illjjl

aurk

tracing paper; JuLlil 3jj carbon paper;


9_j-L* 3jj {tun.) stamped paper; fjl* jjj wastepaper; jj. 3jj (mttqawwan) card-

Jjj

waral

pl.

o^ijj

wirln,
{zool.)

Jljjl

aurl

varan, monitor lizard warirna

board, pasteboard ;

*j

UI 3jj writing
al-Wib
al-lajf

paper;
cards;

i_-JJl

<jjj

w.
>.

playing

Ijj

?j

yarimu

{waram)

to

be

.jJJI

3jj

wrapping

swollen; to swell, become swollen II to

1063

JJ3

cause to swell, inflate (*


(anfah)
to

s.th.)

*iil

ajj
in-

*ljj

jf

to be favorably disposed to s.o.,


s.o.,

annoy,
*jLi

vex,

irritate,

stand behind
jj'VI
*\jj *ljj

support,

back

b.o.;

furiate s.o.;

*,j

(bi-anfihi)

to be

U
it,

(urdunn)

Transjordan;
is

puffed up, oonoeited, Btuck-up


ajj

*flM

U (akama) what
what's
is

at
it;

the
Ijj

warum
stuck-up

pl.

fljjt
|

auMm
rjj *l

ewelling,

bottom of
\j>\jj

behind

intumesoenae, tumor

(a?$/iA)

U
>Ijj

ifyl there

more
is

in it

than

he

is

meets the eye,


jmJI

there

s.th.

wrong

(baftr)

overseas; 4-L]l Ijj

Aj_y tawarrum

awelling,

rising,

intu-

the

supernatural,
_^3\

the
Ijj

transcendental

mesoenoe
f

metaphyBios;
oxiana; Ijj
genit.)

(nhr) Transfoll.

jlj iwJrim swollen

min ward* (with


from
behind ;

(jj-

muwarram

swollen
past;
(zool.)

behind,

beyond,
of,
(ta*

over and above;


JjU-JI .Ijj

jj woran varan, monitor lizard


y_r*jj

through, by;

by means ,> *r~d\

kaseub, di'ra) professional prostitution;

warnaSa to vamish, laoquer, Japan (*

j^-Ull Ji*ll j-ii Ijj


l-'aqii l-baiari)

j* j(f (maqdurati

s.th.)

to be beyond the power

(jijj toarniS

vamish, lacquer, Japan;


tu.

of

human comprehenBion
jljj war'i hind, rear, back, looated

shoe polish
floor

i-^j^l ji^Jjj

al-ardiya

wax
at the back, directed
f.

backward

jj\

aurah*,

*\ajj warh' 2 stupid,

dumb;

jjjl
(J s.th.)

aur (elative) better oonoealing

cheeky, brazenfaced, impudent


jljjj
l

warwr bee eater (Merops;

zool.)

iijjj tauriya hiding,

concealment; dise-

semblance, dissimulation, hypocrisy;


iSjj tvar

jy

yari (wary) to kindle, Are,


II

quivocation, ambiguity, double-entendre,


alluBion
B

take
to

fire

(lighter)

do.

to strike

fire;

hide,

oonoeal,

keep secret, secrete


{<_>

(* s.th.);

to allude
feign,

j to

s.th. with);
(<_*

:ljjv

look up alphabetically

to

pretend,

affect,

simulate

s.th.) III to try to

keep secret

jj wazza

{* s.th.);

(wazz) to incite, Bet (J#

s.o.

against)

to hide, oonceal (* * s.th. in); to disguise,

mask

(* s.th.)

^_>l^Jl

.Ijij (turba) to
I;

jj wazz

Jjjl

iwazz (see up alphabetically)


yazibu {^jjj wvzb) to

inhume, bury

s.o.

IV

to strike fire
._>jj

to hide, conceal o.s. {j* or j from) VI do. to disappear from the sight ( j of
;

tttwo^a *_>>

flow (water)
->'>*

s.o., also

jUVI j)

mixb

pl. i_-jjU*

maytSzit 1 drain
|

jjjjl al-war the mortals,

mankind

pipe, drain; gutter, sewer; roof gutter


|

<JjJ\ j*- kair al-w. the best of all

men,

I^JI

i^jJL* Cj*iI infatahat m. ua-aam*

the Prophet
*\jj
of,

Mohammed
(prep.) behind, in the rear
J

the heavens opened their gates

warSa

at the back of; after; beyond, past;

jjj wozara j> yaziru (wizr) to take upon o.s., carry (* a brden); waxara yaziru

over and above, beside, in addition to;


(adv.) war'u behind, in the rear, at the

and wazira
ztro) to

j jjj yauzaru (wizr, vazr, Sjj


sin III to help, assist,
b.o. in)

commit a

back

JjjJI

Jl to the rear;

backward;

aid,

support (J*

IV to support,

JJ9
back up
strengthen

1064

( 8,0.),

s.o. 's ()
I

arm

to.

ad-dkiya ministry of the interior;

VI to help each other VIII j>~

ittaxara to

**\jj\ lj\jj rninistry of agriculture; lj\jj

wear a
to

loinoloth; to
sin
pl.

put on

(*

agarment);

4^1^-1/1

jJJl w, ai-hi'n al-ijtimO'iya

commit a
jjj unzr

ministry of social affairs; JjJJ! Ijjj


jljjl

auzr heavy load,

ijjjillj

iaUl (baladtya, qarawiya) Min-

brden, encumbranoe ; sin, crime; reaponsibleness,

istry of Municipal

and Rural ffairs


tu.

(Eg.)

responsibility

jjj

*Lh

<yj+J\

m^JI lj\jj

a$-fihha al-'wn*
lj\jj

(hammalak)

to

responsibility for s.th.,

make s.o. bear the make s.o. answer-

mlya ministry of publio health;


lj4Jl
(5J.uH or) J-ull w. al-'adl (al-'adliya)

w. af-fayarn air ministry; ij\jj

able for s.th.; \*j\jj\ s-*jL\ *+^j utaifa'at

min-

ihharbu auzrahd the war has come to

istry of justice; ULLI Ijljj w. al-mliya

an end
jjj wizra pl. wizart loincloth \jjj waiara pl. -dt skirt, skirting (arch.)
*jjj

finance ministry;

jjLLl

Ijljj ministry of
tv.

education; c/^Lljll Sjljj

eU-muwftt

ministry of oommunicationB
tfjtjj wixri ministerial

V to become a

(cabinet) minister

to to

appoint os (oabinet) minister

jj vxua'a *>_ yaza'u (waz') to curb, restrain


( s.o.) II

( s.o.);

be appointed as (cabinet) minister

to distribute (J* * s.th.

among

or to, ,>j a B.th. among), allot, apportion,

jjj uxuir
j'jj (bi-l)

pl. *\jjj

vnuar'* (cabinet)
|

minister; vizier; queen (in chess)

Vj

jjj

deal out (J* *, Jl * s.th. to s.o.); to deliver (* the mail); pass. wuzzi'a to be
distributed, be divided (,>*

minister without portfolio;

among) V to

,j*j*

jjj

(mufawwatf) minister pleni{dipl.)


;

be distributed; to be divided; to divide

potentiary

jJj

^u

(mugim)
'jj>\

among

themselves, (suooesaively,
( s.o.;

altere.g.,

miniBter resident (Tun.); jS"^\ j

the

nately) beset and torment


anxieties, sorrows, thoughts)

Prime

Minister

(Tu.);

bjjl

<jM

majlis eU-w. cabinet, oouncil of ministen;


for the various

departments see under

f\jj\

auzdr groups or crowds of people


pl.

*1jj vxutfa
ijljj
er,

-Jljj

uxudT 1

share,

vrizra

pl.

-dt

ministry;
|

portion, allotment
(rar-

also)

cabinet,

goverament

*j\jj

jJjj taugf distribution

(also, e.g., in

j-jil

jLi/l/l

w. ai-irS&d al-qauml Min-

motion-picture industry); division, ap-

istry of National
CjL.^Ui-1/
I

Ouidance (Eg.);
of

lj\jj

portionment, allotment; delivery;

aale,

ministry

Information

market

jjJl

pijy

t.

af-}arwa distri-

Vj~*"

Jliil/I jljj

fummlya) ministry
Ijljj ministry of

hution of (publio) wealth;


al-'amal division of labor;
distribution of prizes,

of public works; rehgious


ijyJI

Jilijl/I

J gjy J\j j>


Jl

t.

endowments,
w.

wakf ministry;
naval de-

award of
(or

prizes;

ij\jj

al-bahriya

^LjVt Jjj distribution

payment) of

partment, ministry of the navy; *j\jj jUJI ministry of commerce; ijj^ll jljj

diridends; J^aT.,,. ^*_jy {musta'j) special


delivery, express delivery (mail)

^Ldlj (w. at-tarbiya) ministry of eduoation;

^i^l

jijj

'

cU-harbiya
*"

war
w.

fj\j

wzi' obstruction, obstacle, im-

ministry;

*J^'

*j'Jj

cU-haqqdnlya
*j\jj

pediment

ministry

of justice; L^jU-'l

al-krijiya foreign ministry;

LU-UI

\j\jj

Jj jl

fjy muuazzt' distrihuting distributor fjy postman, mailman


;

1065

JJJ
ljj
with,

fjj* muwaxza' distributed; scattered,


dispersed

wizna

(prep.)
to,

commensurate
in

jj* m. ai-fikr absent-minded; unooncentrated,


|

^Ll^l fjj* and

J^ii\

corresponding

eonformity

with, in analogy to, following the model

distraught, scatterbrained

or pattern of
lf

Jijj wazxSl genista,

broom

(bot.)

jj toazin weighty, ponderous

j>jj

Jij\ of sound judgment, judicious

jjj waxana

u> yazinu
even up

(wazn,

<tj

ztna) to

1>* mizn

weigh

(* .th.); to balance, equibrate,


(* B.th.); to

pl. ifj\j*

mawzin* balanoe,

scales; weight;

measure; poetio measure,

equalize,
seil

weigh out,

meter

rule,

method

ustice,

equity,

by weight

(J * s.th. to s.o.) III to


s.th.),

faimess, impartiality ;

jl>J,t

Libra, Bal-

equal in weight (*

be f the same
(*

ance

(aatron.)

jl>LI o\j*
-L#lj

m. al-hardra

weight as

(*),

be balanced

with),

thermometer;

jl>* self-registering

equilibrate, oounterbalanoe (* s.th,); to

outweigh
(*
(,>j

(* s.th.),

oompenaate, make up
equilibrate,

scales; J-l o\y* (fabli) weighing machine,

platform scale;
spirit level, level

weighbridge;

*LLI

ul>*

for) ;

to

balanoe,

poiae

two

things); to

eompare (j

,>*
*-j\'s*

s.th. with),

weigh one thing against the

mlznlya balance, equibrium,


j

other; to

make a oomparison, draw a

equipoise; balance (com.); budget

*j\'s*

parallel faij

jo

between
(* s.th.)

and)
VI to

to

UJL* (mulhaqa) supplementary budget

disthbute equally

be
<ul>*

mvwzana equality of weight,


equibrium,
equipoise;

balanced, be in equibrium, be counterpoised, be in equipoise

balance,

out-

weighing; counterbalance, oounterpoise,


counterweight,
ing
effeot;

j zina weighing; weight


jj
(poetio)

compensation

stabiliz-

oomparing, weighing; oom-

waxn

pl.

jljjl

auzn

weight;

parison, parallel foi between); budget;


(tun.) timetable, schedule

measure, meter; noun or verb

pattern, form (gram.); tonnage of a ressei); etc.)

weight,
|

weight class

(in

boiing,

Ojljj

tawzun
poise,

balanoe,

equibrium,
balanoing,
politioal

*J

jj V
;

(wazna) or OjjJI

ty*

equipoise ;
poising
|

balanoe ;
ujljj
t.

imponderable

insigniiioant, of

no oonfl*l

y-L-

(siydsi)

sequenoe, negligible; J

^j^

jj

to

balance; jjiJl j\y

al-quwd balance of
to restore the

attach great importanoe to, aet great


stre

power;

,>j

jjl^ll

jUI

by JjIj
;

oj

**i-** mafilahat al-w.


iL-Ul

balanoe between
jl jTl tizn balanoe,

wa-l-ka bureau of Standards;

ojj

equibrium, equi-

w. ad-dik bantamweight (boiing); ujjJI


KjUII dead weight

poise ;

mental

heaith ;

harmony ;

im-

partiaty
jjlj ivzin weighing; of fuU weight;

jj watna
(varying;

pl.

vxuant weight; gold or


weight of about 100 kg
108.835 kg)
|

Bilver talent; (/r.)

drunk, tight jjj- maxun weighed; of


fll

officiay

Hjj

weight;

1JL>I (id&jlya) additional weight, over-

balanced, in equibrium, evenly poised;

weight
weU-oonsidered, weU-advised, deberate;

jjj

xeaxni weight- (in

Compounds), of

weU-balanced,

weU-proportioned,

weUof

weight; ponderable,appreciable;weighty,

meaaured;

rhythmically

balanoed;

ponderous, grave

sound judgment, judicious

OJ3
oj\j

1066

muwzin outweighing, counter-

jUj uxud, wuad, wisd


pillow, ouahion
|

balanoing, equal, equivalent


ujlji*

jUjJI

pl. jl-j wuaud *J lazima l-wao&da

mutautixin balanoed, in equi-

to be oonfined to bed

Ubrium

Uj
muttazin
balanoed,

wisdda

pl.

-t,

Oj*Uj

was'id*

u^*
regulr;
coloi,

meaaured,
(in

pillow, ouahion

well-balanced, harmonious
like)

x*j*

muuxusad eaay, smooth, paved

and the
be

(way)

jjj

III to

parallel (* to a.th.); to be
(*),

opposite s.th.

be the oounterpart {*

of); to oorrespond,

amount, be equal or
a.th.)

.L-j II to place, put, or aet in the middle


(* s.th.); to ohoose or appoint aa
(,>> b.o.

equivalent (* to), equal (*

TI to

mediator

be

parallel,

run aide by aide; to be

between) V to be in the middle

mutually oorresponding, be equivalent


~*\j\j*

or oenter {* of); to stand in the middle,

keep to the middle, hold the middle

muw&zh equal

diatanoe; paral-

between two extremes,


courae; to mediate
(>~>

Bteer

a middle

leliam; equivalenoe
jtjj

for s.o. s.th.; <>j

tawzin

equal
|

diatance ;
jjljdl

paral-

between), act as mediator or go-between

lelem; equivalence
aide, parallel

J aide by

(jin)
.L-j vxuaf,

wuf

pl.

iUjI ausf middle


milieu,

j\j

muwzin

parallel; equivalent

center,

heart ;

weist ;

environ
in

ment, surroundings, ephere; means,


jlyu
mutaiodzin
parallel ;

aimilar

strument,

agent,
quality,

O ^-iV

jjj>u parallelogram;

medium

mediocrity
pl.
circles,

jj'>^

medium
tion);

average;

rjk-i\ parallelepiped

quarters, classes, strata (of the popula-

j xoasika
ittaaaka

*y. yauaaku (wasak) to be or


II

vxuaf

pl.

JUjl ausf median,

become dirty

and IT to

dirty, aoil,

medial, middle, central; in the middle,

sully.stain, foul <*s.th.)

V and

VIII ^-Jl

middle-of-the-road,

moderate;

inter

mediate (between two extremes); mid


dling, medioore, average,

mean, medium

wasak

pl. iL-jl

ausdk

dirt; filth,

wtufa
center
of,

(prep.) in the middle, heart, or

squalor

in the midst of, amid,


(wasafin)

among

iwj wasik
unclean

dirty, filthy, aoiled, aullied,

^* .L-j

in the

middle or

midst
xoaaka dirtineaa, filthineas, unoenter;

of,

within;

.L-jJl

in the very

itLj

mid way;
in
as-saif

oleanness, dirt, filth, aqualor

L-j
<Ju^Jl

medium our midst, among


of

quality;

us; .L-j
Je

Uf.

midsummer; U*j
oourse,

x*j II

to put under

s.o.'s
s.o.'s

{)

head

(*

(hajm)

medium size; U*j Jmiddle


i^-JI
(saira)

[hau) middle

pillow), reat, lay (*


(*
a.o.
* s.o.

head on), bed

Solution,
.L-jJi

oompromise
JpLjVI

on)

~>1j31

a-j (turba) to lay

medium pace; a
attitude;

or s.th. to reat in the ground; a-j


(sadrah)
to

moderate,

neutral

j-U*

take

a.o.

to

one'a

i-*UjLaJI diplomatio circles;

Ul -ULjVI
the pubthe

breast,

hug
(*)
;

s.o.

to lay one's head

on a

('mma) the general Uo


at
large;
<j-U1

public,

pillow

to reat or reoline

on a

pillow or

.ULjl

middle

ouahion {*)

clasaea

1067

er
of,

J*"j

toasafi, wasfi

of or relative to the

by; kJjJlj indireotly, media tely;

JL^

milieu or environment

ik^ljJ!

by

this

means or

devioe,

by that;

dDJ LJjj by means of that, by that;

JlL*v UKUfni middle, central, medial,

median; intermediate; middling, medium,


medioore
i-L-j

JUJVI

Uj w.

oZ-ittvdl link

4^-ji*

muiauoam?

middle,

medium

medial, median, intermediate; centrally

wasflya

pl,

-dt

patio,

inner

looated,

central;

mediating, intermedi-

courtyard
L-j

ary; mediator, go-between; mean, aver-

wisfa mediation, Intervention;

age

JU-I j*_y- those of average means;


ffl.

good
oeasion

offloes,
|

reoommendation,
of,

inter-

fm-\ i->-

aZ-Aa/m middle-aized, of
it-^i*

LUj* by means

through, by,

medium

size;

j^\

m. ai-'umr mid-

per;

o^i iUL-j j through the good


J <JL-j
*aS to offer one's

dle -aged;

i*LJl

i->u of

medium

height,

offloes of s.o. ;

middle-sized; pyJI ib*j=* m. an-nau' middling, of

good

offloes for

medium

qnality;

lar

<L>Vf

^*>J1

lu-^dl (&oAr, aoyaff) the Mediterranean;


Ja-rfj

uxwty pl. lk*j tnuaf'

middle,
<Lj2*

oU^*

(mau;<U)

medium wavea
forward (soo-

intermediary, intermediate, medial, median;

(radio); ry~^\ i^-yi* center

mediator, intercessor; intermedieer)

ary; agent, go-between, broker, middle-

man; medium

(oooultism)

i-*jJl

^*Jl

-j uxuu'a -jj yaiwu'u (5*L-j uxuiTa) to

<'<W) the Middle Agee

be wide, roomy, spacious, vast, extensive

xoasi'a _j yasa'u

(i*--

'<*) to

be wide,

JwUj wa*f if' means, medium JUIj o*>Ll_>il JJUj w. aXmuwpait wa-n-naql meana of communioation and transportation
<L-*j uxuifa pl.
|

roomy, spaoious; to be well-to-do, be well


off;

to hold, aecommodate, house, seat,


(*,

eto.

s.o.,

s.th.),

have room, have

capaoity

(*, for);

to oontain, oomprise,
inolade
{*

l_jl av*ap

pl. j^.lj! atwJji^ 1 , f.

^L-j

comprehend,
s.th.);

enoompass,

wtuf
,jl-jJl

pl.

lu-j

urul middle, central;


|

to be large enough, sufflee, be

the middle finger


(tu6
f

li*

iJjl

suffioient,

adequate, enough
toiw',

(*, * for);

f-j-~Vl

in

the

middle of this middle

inut'a yaaa'u (**j

4*--

aa'a)

esp.

week;

^^IJl it-ljl a. a-JaAr the

with negation: to be possible


be permitted, be allowed
s.o.'s ()
(

for s.o.),

of the month; \Ja_J\ UJj\ Central frioa;

to

s.o.),

be in
to be

J*~

Vjjj\

{urubb) Central Europe;


<**r?)

power, be up to
s.th.),

s.o. ();

WlM
J^-,11 J-jfl

J^UI

the

Middle East;
middle olassea; Middle Ages;

able (* to do

be oapable
s.th.)
|

(* of); to

o'JLkll (tabaqdt) the

be allowed (* to do
I II

(j_^l

or) j^i the


reault,

cannot say; iUi


to

*-t

Jyl l J-j V can't do that

jL-j L^ mean

average

make

wider, roomier,

more spaoiont
(* s.th.); to

(* s.th.); to extend,
1u-jj tawasuf mediation, Intervention;

expand

widen, enlarge (* or j- s.th.); to broaden


(* s.th.); to

Situation or position in the middle, inter*

be generous,

liberal,

opens.o.
|

mediateness, intermediaoy; medioority


ik^lj

handed (J* toward


with
LL^s.th.)
;

s.o., *

toward
(

wdmfa

pl.

L-j uadfif' me-

to

make rioh, enrioh J* s.o.)

diator, mediatress, intermediary ; mediaoy

vj

(Jpufdhu) to take longer strides,

agenoy, instrumentality, agent, de vice,

stride out, quioken one's paoe; J OK^ll **j

means, medium; ezpedient


i

i^-ly.

by

(makdna) to make room for IT

II; to

of,

through, by, per; on the pari

be or beoome rieh

Ij.

4*^jl

(&tmm) to

cr>

1068

treat s.o. with tbe greateit reverenoe,

~j w\u
pacity

ability, capability, aoulty;

bestow ample favors uppn

s.o.:

*jl

oapaoity; power, strengte; holding ca*


|

5 {iaiman) to heap abuse on


wallop

s.o.; *-jl

*k-j wus'uAfl

what he oan do,


ui *-j
...;
II
I

L^-i ((fortan) to give s.o. a sound beating,


s.o.;

what
his

is in his

power;

j
Ol

it is

in

Jl

*-jl

(nafaqata)

power to

...,

he oan

to inour great expenses

V to bo extended,

Jyl
(tUd)

I oan, or I

may, say;

j^j j **-j j
i

be expanded, be wldened; to spread (out),


extend, widen, expand; to have enough

he has no other
. . .

possibility

but

....

he oannot but

*-j Jit

to go to

room,

sit

comfortably;

to

comfortable,
to enlarge,

make

o.a.

at

make home (J
about);

o.s.

great pains, do one's best or utmost

in);

*j wtua' vastness, vast Space


to
i*-j

expatiate length

(j on), talk or
(j

write at great

vnu a wideness, roominess, spa-

prooeed (j in); to oontinue (j


s.th.)
|

s.th., in

ciousness; extent, rnge, oompass; plenty,

iJl

,ji (nafaqa) to inour

abundanoe, profusion {j* of)

great expenses

Till

-Jl

ittasa'a

to be

^-j uosT

pl.

Lj wt*T
;

wide, vast;

extended, be expanded, be widened, be


enlarged;
inorease;

roomy, spacious, large oapaoious


*-jl

to

expand,

widen,

grow,
ausa'*
|

to stretoh far and wide, be

wider,

larger,

roomier,

vast; to extend, rnge; to

beoome

rieh;

more spaoious

lj-o *-jl (padran) more

to be large or wide enough, suffioe, be


sufflcient,

patient; ^.U *-jl {madan) broader, wider


*--jj

adequate, enough (J for); to


seat, etc. (J

tauaf

widening,

expansion;

hold,

aocommodate, house,
have room

broadening, extension; enlargement, inorease


i*-jj

s.o., s.th.), s.o. 's

(J for); to

be at

(J) disposal; to

be susoeptible (J
s.th.),
<J

of); to be able (* to (*

do

of)

j
Z

>

JI

be capable
L-

tausCa;

**-jJ!

J*.l

ajal

ai-t.

JC

reprieve, respite O'w.)

(kalimatu, ma'nan) in the widest sense

>y
pansion

tatoasau'

extending,

extension,
ex-

of the word

to widen, expand, beoome

widening,
|

inorease,

enlargement;

wider; to beoome larger, inarease in bim;


to find wide or large (* s.th.)
<**

a->J1

in a wider sense,

by
'

extension;
perialiatio

<jj^~l

*-jJ

(isWmri) im-

expansion;

sa'a

wideness,

roominess,

spa-

v,A'

f>

oi-Aarb extension of the (theater of) war;

douaness; extent, rnge, oompass; vol-

-jdl

i-L- siy&sat

ai-t.

polioy of ex-

ume,

holding

capaoity,

oapaoity;
ability;

oa-

pansion
^y-ji tavxutu't

pability, faculty, power,

oomexpansionist
(adj.)
|

fortablenesa, oomfort; plenty, abundanoe,

profusion;

luxury, affluenoe,

wealth

<^-y *-L|

(siysa) polioy of expansion,

**- jj well-to-do, wealthy; i-j

orw^
j S"

expansioniBt polioy
f-LJl

amply, abundantly; i*Jlj .-jJI J (n*A) weloome! J*- ja* J (qadri sa'ail) to
the best of
(rixqihi)

ittMfT extending, extension, ex-

tenaiveness, wideness, spaoiousness, vastness,

my abilities;

<ujj j- **-

expanse, rnge, scope,

oompass,

to be wealthy, live in luxury;


3.

extent;

amplitude

(ei.);

gauge

(of
|

jj^Jl ***
ing;

ap-fodr patienoe, long-suffer***

railroad traoks); suffloienoy,


*:>l!l

adequaoy

vk^*
(ei.)

{hakrabtfiya)
**

eleotrio

pLJl

(ftaJdm)

vagueness

of

oapaoity;

O <*\4'

*-al-mavja ampli-

expression; J gLJyl .j* 'odam


sufficienoy,

ai-itt. in*

tude

inadequaoy for

1009

r*
s.o.)

**lj to&ri* wide; broad; largo,

roomy,

spaoious, vast, sweeping, extensive; far-

request

reaohing
(JoJI)

jLiJVl

^j
(in

widespread;
(al-'adl)

a (^ (v to s.o.); to ose a> a meana (v a.th.), make uae (v of a means)


;

to ask s.o.'a

help, tum- with

~*j-J\

**lj

w.

ar-ra\ma

*L^j waslla

pl.

JjUj woi'iP means,


JL^-VI JjUj
precautions;

abounding in maroy
ji
rH

justice);

*Jj *Jj

medium;

devioe, expedient, instrument,

w.

af-fadr

patient ;

forbearing,

tool, agent;

measure, Step
measures,

indulgent, generous, magnanimoua;


JlkJI
far-reaohing,

precautionary

eitenaive;

oompre-

JLdl JjUj edaoation&l aids, training aide,


material of Instruction ; .Ju^xll JJ Uj air-

benaive; l&rge-scale; J-I


jul, hila)

^j

resouroeful, ingenioaa

Jtj (* man;

oonditioning inatallation; O^L*ljll JjUj


w. al-muwfalt
tion;
JJLJI

P~\j

^y

(taub) wide or looee garment;


(aiJU)

meana of oommnnioato try to ingratiate


s.th.);
s.th.

*Jj J~
mj\j fjLi
j>^*

vwt

(Bweeping) plain;

JjUj w. an-naql meana of transi--jJI ,>ijI

broad Btreet

portation;

maurf'a

pl.

- oomprehensive

o.a. (o> JI

with

s.o.

by

iL-j

*i*

Al

work; enoyclopedia; theeaurua


^j-yj* maus'i encyclopedio

J (taa4a) to regard
ent for
...

as an expodi-

J-jJ tavxtssul request, entreaty, fervent


*-j*
*-!.

mn'

rieh,

wealthy
wide, extensive, vast,

plea ;

petition,
il
. ,

application

JI

^Uji

muttasi*

tawassukm

so as to suooeed by thia

BpaciouB, roomy, large ; ample, abundant,


auffioient
r
"i

means
where

in
. .

. .

in order to get to the point

muttasa"

spaoe;

room

-i*

J
jl

*-j

waaama
brand
(o> *,
s.o.
t_>

yasimu (uxum,
;

ir"

aima) to

cJfjil

o-

UJU

(yoj*d, waqt) or jSJ

(* cattle)
s.o.,

to stamp, mark, brand


|

J -1* Ciil J enough time for;


lebensraum

(yafcun)

not to have

B.th. as)

jUIIj 4fj to
s.o.;

brand

<Sjf -" (hayauri)

as infamous, stigmatize

4x- *-j

(wtwtma jaMnuA) to be written in


to distinguish (
b.o.),

b.o.'s face II

confer

J*j uxuaqa J-j yasiqu (wasq) to load, freight (* * a ship with) IV do. VIII J-Jl iasaqa
to be in good Order, be weU-ordered; to

distinotion

upon
(

s.o.),

award a deooBorutinize,

ration or order

to)

V to

regard

attenti vely,

watch

oloaely

harmonize, be in keeping (^. with)

to

B.th.); to

examine

carefully (* B.th.); to
();
|

be or beoome poaaible (J for

s.o.)

regard

( s.o.),

look at
(i_*

to be marked,
\j*-

3_fj tmuq, JUjI ausq load, freight, cargo

J*j wasg

pl.

characterized

by)

<J

*-jj
s.o.,

(Jcairan) to see

promising signs in
b.o.,

expeet a lot of good of


(jLJl

set great

tUdg harmony
muttasiq
in

hopes on

b.o.

VIII

31 ittatama to be
(<-#

j-i.

good order, weU-

branded; to be marked, oharaoterized


hy) ; to bear the stamp of
(._)

ordered; balanced, harmonious


5^-j

vM
V
to

whiskey
ingratiate
o.a.,

** sima
istio;

pl.

-dt Bign,

mark, oharaoterfeature,
(of
also:

outward
stamp,
viaa

charaoteristio,

J--J

curry favor (JI

trait ;
s.th.);

impreaa,

oharacter
pl.
-dt

with), seek to gain aooeas (JI to), seek or


solicit s.o.'a (JI)

(Saudi Ar.);

favor; to implore, be-

features, faoial expresaion,

mien, bear-

seeoh, entreat (Jl s.o.), plead (JI with

ing

1070

j
tribal

taut

pl.

*j~j

vmsm brand;
oharaoteristio,

ij-j*>j

vxuuxua to speak under one's bre&th,


Jl

maxk

tribal

brand;

whisper (J or

to

s.o.);

to

instill evil

mark; ooat of arzns

(J or Jl in s.o.; passion, devil),


ic*jt

prompt or
arouse

*Lj wism
deooration,

pl.

atwwna badge;
badge
of

tempt

s.o.

(J or Jl) with wioked Sug-

medal;

order;

gestion*;

to

awaken

doubte,

honor

JU^1M fLj Order of merit; jUl iLj *Lj u>. fafyal <u-*2g Order of
|

seruples (J or Jl in s.o.'s mind; oonBoienoe)


II

tauxuwtua to

feel

uneaay,
fll

the Oarter; { Ji^JJi i*^-)


Aira/
if jLJl

J^! *Lj

u>.

oi-

have soruples, be anzious, worried,


misgivings, be suspioioos

(jauqai

aJ-J.)

Legion of Honor;

of apprehensions; to be in doubt, have

*LjI1 ('oiawf) the

Moroooan "Ouis-

sam alaouite"

*~j*j
grace,
graoefulness,
deviliah

wasuxua

pl.

^jUj vxudw
temptation;
dis-

Uj

uxuma

Insinuation,

charm, beauty
j^-j

turbanoe; soruple; misgiving, suspidon;


rustling, rustle, whisper (of leaves,

and

un*im

pl.

Lfj

uruaamJ*',

*Lj

thelike)

twn graceful,

oomeJy, pretty, good-

Iooking; beautiful (faoe)


~.y>

^j-j
fnaudnm tlme
1

uxuwa

pl.

^jUj

utudur*

devilish insinuation, temptation; wioked

matuim

pl.

*-|>

thoughts; doubt,

misgiving,

suspicion;

of the year, season; festive season (**jl1


specif.,

delusion, flzed idea; uneasiness, anxiety,

the Muslim hadj featival); festival,

concera; melaucholy;
er,

^j-

the Tempt-

feaet day, holiday; fair; fixed dato, deadline; harrest


|

Satan

jUl

,j-\j**j

w. al-qufn ootton

jU^'j

-*i_>ll

the feaaU and

buds

holidays;
(of

JLL^|i

j*

summer season
^j(tomjift)

a health
tf-j-+

resort); J-lf"

^y_y muuxuuxu obsessed with


lusiona

de-

or

**y
m.

(masrahi) theater season;


al-hajj

^J-l

^j*

season

of

the

s*J IV to have {* the head)

Pilgrimage; jLiJI

m. oJ-?ufn cotton
tfj*

ms

f.,

pl.

harveat, cotton season

^j

matodjin, ^1>-I see also alpha-

amws

straight razor;

betically

monsoon

x.
?j*y

\j-j

m
wiSb

(Triant

of

^1

III)

and l\Jj.

mbatn

pl. *-[>* fnaunlnfn*,

L*
i^j
pl.

may&rim* branding iron; brand; stigma

mmum

^Uji auib

horde,

mob, orowd

branded; stigmatized;
(<-*

marked, charaoterized

with)

gJ.j toaj: JU-J^I gJ.j w.

al-ittitfl olosely

connected

j-j won'na ^ji yausanu (uxuan, c- tna) to sleep, elumber


,y.j

*-~~j

waja

pl.

Ai>j

uaid';*1

olose

tie

vxuan slumber, doze


*!>-

muiawfij

oonneoted,

interre*

*i- tna slumber, doze

pJi j* i-

lated
**ij
II

(naum) a short nap


to adorn or dress
(* s.o.,

with the

^j

vxxain sleepy, drowsy, somnolent


f.

u-, q.v.)

jL-j uxwndn',
drowBy, somnolent

J--j

uomd

sleepy,

put on,
like).;

V and VUI ^JJ\ Utaiaha to don (<_< a belt, sash, and the
on
loosely

to throw

(^ a oloak

or

1071

J*
t&j wafkn, wvikn
ness
<ii^j

similar garment); to garb

to asaume

o.a. (v wiih); (^ a name), go by a name (v)

speed, swift-

p-Lij urtfdA, uTuidA pl.

wufuJL) 4*?jl

wa&k

imminent,
|

impending,
ji-ij
10.

auAa,

^Lij tcaATifc* onuunented belt


(in older times,

near, forthcoming

Jljjli

at-

worn by women

a double
of

xawl doomed to early ruin;


10.

Ji-l iL>

band worn
sash, Bcarf,

aashlike over the Shoulder);

cd-haii

olose

to a Solution,

almost

oummerbund; band
tie,

(esp.,

solved (problem)

an order);

bond

(fig.);

swordbelt;

military Bash
5*-Lij

Jij wafal
tears

pl.

jLiji

auidl dripping vater.

wiSha eword
pl.
;

rs*y tauSih
positum
(mtw.)

-ljj tawflh 1

com-

-2j

wa&xma

-Li

yafimu (toofm) and

to

postolassical

form of

tattoo (* s.th.)

Arab poetry, arranged

in atanzas

flj
pl.

wohn

pl.

Aj wm, rytj wutm

j
-dt

muwaiSah,

i*y

mttwaifaAa

tattoo, tattoo
*~~~j

mark
enmity, hostility, malioe
(eg.)

postolauioal form of

Arab poetry,

wa&mo
vrifna

arranged in stanzas
4ij wa&na,

marello,

mahaleb

iL*
(

muttoitA

olad,

garbed,

attired

cherry

in)

ij--j

waiwafa to vhisper
tawahoafa to vhisper

in s.o.'s

()

ear

jlj waJSara jlt yafiru (wair) to saw, saw


apart
(* s.th.)

II

i*jij waSwaSa whispering, whisper

jjJj* prism

mau&r

pl.

jJlj*

maudilr*

^j

wate

^j yaH

(waiy)

to

embellish,

iSjjZj* mavJfri priBmatio(al)

ornament with many


{*

oolora,

embroider

fabrio);

(waiy, *AJ>j wiSya) to


(Jl

*Zj

II

to reel, spool (* ootton)

Blander,

defame

B --

with);

to

pJ-j wair hedge

inform (^ against), denounoe, betray


(v^ a.o.) II

to embellish, ornament with

U-ij waJfa
apool, bobbin
|

pl.

^Ilij

vaJoV*

reel,

many
-i

oolora,

embroider (* a fabrio)
blotoh, spot; blemish,
;

^j^dl

U-ij induction

coU

Hya

pl. -dl

<e/.)

flaw, fault, defect

mark, sign

jij unlag lynx


vilij

(zooi.)

waua ^Ujj
II

j/ottiujfcu

(uuiJb,

15*Uj
to

tfj waiy pl. iij wiSa* many-colored omamentation, embroidery; embroidered


or painted fabrio
Lij waJttd'

uwASia) and

to be quiok,

huny IV
(t of

be on the point or verge


B.th.),

doing

vendor of embroidered or

be about to do
|

s.th.

olose (J* to)

vilijj

(J* or ul), be he almost ..., he

painted fabrics
4jlij

allbut...
iXi-j

w&ya defamation,

Blander

waik,
|

wuik speed,

swiftness,

i_ijj tau&iya

embelliahment, ornamen-

hurry

jl diJ-j

J on the point or verge J*

tation; embroidery

of (doing s.th.), about to (do s.th.),

J\j whn
denunoiator

pl.

jL\j tnUfin, SU* umf&h

rjjXl dilj about to go out, just going


out

traitor; alanderer, oalumniator; informer,

1072

^mmj toaaaba i^_ yofibu (<-*xj


last;

wafiba <-**>; yausajm


(ohronically)
ill

(toaaab)

wab) to and

person

a thing beyond

Jc^ll Jjit *J. (yafqu l-vnsfa) description, an indesoribi*-l

V to be
<-~+j

able thing; L*jl


awadfc
illness;

to take

down

s.o.'s

wafab

personal description
4JL0J

pl. <-''-*'

disoomfrt, hardahip, suffering


i_-miIj

waffa

description,

depiotion,

waib lasting, permanent

portrayal; medioal presoription

x*j

toofoda -u*i yafidu (waaad) to be firm


oloae,

J-#j waffi desoriptive, depiotive


J*L*j waesf desoriber, depicter

stand firmly IV to
**tj

shut (* a door)

v^

4-*j'

(wajhihl) to blook s.o.'

tJt~-M vjaaif

pl.

LL*j vusa/d' a servant;

way, deny
a_^*j

8.0.

aooess
pl.

page

wo^i

-l#j

wu^wj threshold,

**~0j wotlfa
servant
girl;

pl.

JJLj wastfif* maid,


in

doorstep
J*~0j wapafa J*~t yo**/
(toiv/)

meid of honor, lady

to describe,
a.th.);

waiting

depiot, portray, pioture (*,

s.o.,

L*[p muwfiafa
pl.

detailed description;

to eharacterize

(*,

s.o., s.th.);

to praise,

explanation, Interpretation; specification;


-t apecifioationa

laud, extol

8.0.);

to attribute, asoribe
(<~>

^^Ul
|

\k~m\j

di-

(_ to 8.0.

a quality), credit

s.o.

reotions for treatment


<J>j-*j

with), praise
s.o. 's
(

(^
s.o.)

s.o. for),

say

s.th.
(

(<_>)

to

mavsf desoribed, depioted,


piotured;

credit ;
|

to

presoribe

portrayed,

oharacterized
{>->

(*~>

medicine to

^i-*>i

^ (ypa/u) indeB.th.)

by), having as

an attribute

B.th.);

scribable; nondesoript VI to deseribe to

noun followed by an attribute or asyndetio relative clause (gram.);

one another,

teil

one another (*

prescribed
{_*

VIII <Jujl iUasafa to be desoribed; to posaess aa a ohaxaoteristic


(._.

a quality or

J*~*c* mutiafif oharacterized

by),

peouliarity) ; to be distinguished,

known,
quality,
(

possessing aa a property or

an attribute

oharacterized,

marked

(<->

by a

(V

s.th.)
pl. -t olinic

property, peouliarity)
dootor)

to consult

Ja+/l* muetavpaf
J-*j wataia J_*j yafu
conneot,
interlock
s.th.

(\oatl,

iL fUa) to
link,
(-*

<L+
mark,

fifa

pl

-t

quality,

property

join,
(-*

unite,

oombine,

attribute;

charaoterietio,

distinguiBhing
(gram.)
;

* s.th. with), attach

peouliarity;

adjeotive

to);

to establish

(L

piotan a

asyndetio relative clause (without


ative pronoun; gram.); way,
iJLmi as, in

rel|

contaot, a connection;

relation

manner
ii-*j

between

and);
award

,>j

to bring into relation

the oapacity of; \jjj

in

(<~>

?. 8 * tn - vrith 8 * tn - eise);

to give

his oapacity of minister, as a minister; <-U- iu {ffdtfa) in partioular, especially,


specifically ; *~fj

s.o. s.th.),

beatow, confer
(-*

(-.

upon

s.o. s.th.),

to s.o. s.th.);

j*

iJL*i

(airi

ras*

(Jj~*j wvfl) to arrive

( Jl

or * at a place)

miyatin) unofficially <Jc*j

to
depiotion,
(pl.

come to
or

s.o.'a (Jl

or

*)

handa; to reaoh

was}

description,

(Jl

*, s.o., s.th.);

to come, get (Jl or

portrayal, charaoterization ;

JL#jl

*, to);

to reaoh (Jl or * an amount),

au*f) quality, property; characteristic,

amount
to get
<^IL(

to (Jl or *); to enter (Jl a phase);


<,*

distinguishing

mark,

peouliarity;

ad-

Jl

s.o.

to or to the point where)


letter;

jeotive {gram.); pl. jL#jl description of a

^Lj

have received a

<L#j

1073

>J
oontinuoua
(- (<-*

jj-'l

(a6ar)he receivedthe newa;


.w- Jl (Jkutft i.) this

li*

J^j

to),

ad join

(v
(-

s.th.),

geto to the point

border, abut

on), belong
(<-*)

to); to

where...; -U-I l~i-JI Jl

J^j

<o/Aa)

oome to

a.o.'s

knowledge; to be

to enter the decisive phase II to oonnect,


join, unite,

continued, oontinue, go on; to be continuoua, form a continuoua chain; to be


related (Jl to); to trace one's descent
(

oombine

(->

* a.th. with); to

make
s.o.

(*, s.o., a.th.)


(*, )

get (Jl to), aee that


;

or s.th.

gets to (*)

to get, take,

Jl to)

to oome, get ( Jl to), arrive ( Jl at),


a.th.)
|

bring, move, lead, ahow, oonduot, oon-

reach ( Jl

Ol Li J**jl 4* it
. .

haa oome
o,

vey, Channel (Jl


give
(

*,

s.o.,

a.th. to);

to

to our knowledge that

LJ>iiJ

J~&>1

s.o.)

ride,

lift;

to carry,

to get in touch with

a.o.

by telephone,
*j

transport, tranafer, oonvey (Jf> a.th. to);

have
catch

o.a.

oonneoted with; jUI

c.\.*'>\

to

to deliver, transmit, oommunicate (Jl *


a.th. to); to
(ei.);

fire

conduot, act as a conduotor


a.o.

*L#

fia

pl.

-t

junotion,
link,

junoture;
tie,

to acoompany, esoort (Jl


(Jl

to);

relation ;
electrio

oonneotion ;

bond

to

oonnect
i~

a.th.

to

an

relationship, kinahip; present, gift, grant;

oirouit,

* one apparatus with another,

ayndetio relative clause (gram.);


lead-in wire (radio)
|

an

electrio

de vice with the main

Q leadin,
p.

line),

J-jJl

<L

al-wafl

plug in (* a.th.); to turn on, awitch on


(* a.th.; ei.) III to

connecting link
J*j wapl junction, juncture, connection ; union, oombination ; linkage,

continue (j or a

a.th.),

proceed

j
(

or * in or with); to persist,

persevere
(* with),

or in); to be connected
(*

bear

on), belong, pertain (*

nezus; Synopsis, summary; reunion of


lovers; (pl. JLjl
tie,

to); to be olose fxiends,

maintain olose
to have sexual

au&U) relation,
(ei.); (pl.
|

link,

relationa

with

s.o.);

connection; oontaot

Cs^j^j

intercourse (U with a
jlfjlj

woman)

J-lj

JJI

{laila,

nahri) to

work day

cJLl J-j tuuflt) vouoher, receipt Synopsis of the previous chaptera of a

and night; j
sa'yah) to

(4-*- or )

make

*Mr J-'j (jahdah, untiring efforta for

newapaper

serial;

J-yJl

<LJ

laai

al-w.

last night of

a lunar month

IV

II;

O
|

to put through (a long*** J*-

diatance

call)

jj

JS" J-jl (kulla

member
jointe
|

J*j wu?l, wil pl. JL#jl aufi limb, (of the body); pl. artioulationa,
*JLjl J*.

4i haqqin bi-haqqihl) to give everyone hie

(haa) or *JLjl Li to
s.th.

due Y to obtain aooess


access

(Jl to);

to gain

dismember, dissect
<L#j
wafila

by

certain

means

(Jl to), get (Jl (Jl


alif (gram.)

into) in

some way or other; to attain


reaoh (Jl
s.th.),

a character

over silent

to), arrive (Jl at),

oome
;

by

a.th. (Jl)

VI to be interoonneoted

to

<L#j

vnifila pl. -dt,

J^j

unikal junction,
(ei.);

form an uninterrupted sequenoe VIII J^l


ittafala to

juncture; connection; contaet

at-

be joined (^

to),

be con(_>

tachment, faatening, fizture;


Joint
(also

tie,

link;

nected

(<-*

with); to oombine, unite

arch.) ;

hinge ;

connecting

with); to get in touoh


o.g.,

(^ with
bear

s.o., also,
(-

piece, coupling; inset, insertion; overlap


(arch.); line

by telephone); to oontaot
(->

s.o.);

of oommunioation; hyphen w.

to have relation

to),

(<-*

on),

be

j-udl

<L#j

at-tamaddud

expansion

connected, have to do
(t^ a.o. or a.th.);

(<~>

with); to join

Joint (arch.)

to be attaohed (i^ to); to


(-*),

*~L*j

vnifiHya

connecting

road, aide

be near

s.o.

or

a place

be adjacent,

road; feeder road

y>

1074

Jj*#j uwfiU arrival; attainment, obtainment, aohievement; receipt; (pl. -t)


reoeipt,

transportation ;

paasage ;

tranamiasion
call)

putting through (of a long-diatance


receipt,

vouoher

vouoher

dj~j wufft upstart, parvenu

Jm*jj
inti-

tavxwul attainment

(Jl

of an

objeotive), aohievement ( Jl of a purpose);

b+j
mate,

wap inseparable

friend,

arrival; reunion

ohnm
(oity

J^ll al-mavf Mosul


Iraq)

in

J^ljj taw&fid continuanoe; continuity


J-l_ii

continually, persiBtently

jLjl tUtpdi conneotednesB, unitednesa,

J-->

taue

uniting,

joining,

oon-

union; junoture, oonjunotion, link; oonnection; oontact; liaison; establishment

necting; supply, feed; conneotion, junotionj eleotrio oontact, feed wire, feederi
eleotrio oirouit, conneotion layout, con-

of contacts ; tuning in (of a radio) ; oontacting


(-*

of ), getting in touoh (^ with)

neotion; conduotivity

(ei.);

communicaoonveyance

junotion,

intenection

(of

two roads);
|

tion, transmission, tranafer,

continuanoe, continuation; continuity


i^>

delivery; exeoution, dispatch, disoharge


(pl.

JL-Jl

Jp
-LiJ

in touoh with;

*t

JL*j1

-/

*i*l

Jl> ^j^M

fotedifl

1
)

receipt,

vouoher

(wtomarro) to keep in touoh with

s.o.;

Jl

Ja-yJ <<"# ground con{radio);

jLtfti

nu$a/aJ-itt.pointsof oontact;

neotion,

ground
(tafbTw/)
(el.)
;

J*

Js-*_H

JjiJ^ JLjf telephone conneotion


Jj-*>*

.JwLiJl

multiple oonneotion,

series parallel
tttizf)

parallel oonneotion (ei.);

O jj'jsH > J*-> (** O Jr*y


(et.);

maufl

bound,
(<~*

tied;

glued,

riveted
relative

(._

to), fixed

on; of the eyea);


|

Jl^dl
J_-_^Jl

Jp

series
at-t.

conneotion

pronoun {gram.)
for several

*Jj^>*

ULI

i--

jayyid

of good conduotivity,

(ayydman)

(or

many) oon-

good conduotor
tadddd
at-t.

(ei.);

O
(el.)

Jr->"

*'*"

seoutive days, for

aome time
pl. -<U

(male) plug

J^j. muwaff
1

conduotor

(el.)
|

iL-jj faurfZa conneotion, oontact

((.)

^j^l
{radio)

L^jj

al-ar#

ground oonneotion

O ^J ,^>* (*#) ground wire O (S^L- J-r>* (U*) wire, wiring

(nuito);

(ei.)

J-l>^ mutowty persistent, continued,


continuouB, oontinual, unoeasing, inoeavrifOl

Sl*j

reunion,

being together
(in love)

sant, uninterrupted

(of loven) ;
2L*lj*

communion

J^u
mu%Dtyala
oonneotion;
continuation, oontinuance; continuity;
lines of oommunioation,

muttap

persistent,

continued,

oontinuoua, continual, unoeaaing, inceasant, uninterrupted; adjoining, adjaoent,

pL

~i
|

Communications

oontiguoua
(tfram.);

^.-b-u- <L*lj- (hadldiya) rail

oommunioa-

OU-1

tion; '*Sl~ <L*I>* (nZttya) wire

oommu3J

J-^u ^j* pronominal suffix J^u m. al-hcdaqt oloaely

interlinked, olosely connected

nioation; *L#l_jll t-*^'

meana of oommu-^j toafama *$ yafimu to disgrace, tarnuh, blemiah (* name, honor); to affliot with
the blemiah
(->

nioation, communioations; ti^L#ljll

furuq al-m. traffio routes; C**5L*ijil jijj

ministry of communioationa
JL*>1
tjh

of B.th. ;

s.o.),

put the

pL

-tM joining, oonneoting,

blame

for a.th. (^>)

on

s.o.

()

to be

iunotion;

uniting,

union;

oonneotion;

tarniahed, sullied (honor)

oommunioation; oonveyance; transport,

~j

tooftn disgraoe

1070

\j>J
tion,

hfj wapna dugraoe; mark of disgraoe,


Btain, blot, blemiah; fault, flaw, short-

advioe,

oounsel,

admonition, ex-

hortation; will, teatament, teatamentary


diaposition; bequest, legaoy
{'aSr)

ooming, defeot; ailing oonditlon, malaise

^^Jl
|

l$L#jfl

r+y

taufim ailing oonditlon, malaise


hole or

the Ten

Commandmenta
and 4jL*j toa^ya predireotion,

Lj toath

^j-rj wapoapa to peep throogh a


oraok; (also

soription;

order, ordinanoe, regulation,

^j-j) to whisper
pl.

deoree;

instruotion,

advioe,

ifs+j wofuaf and ^<j~j wafwdf

oounsel
ijL*j wtsdya guardianship, ouratorahip,
tutorship; exeoutorahip; tutelage;

^jL*j
peek
fj

uwjfitoi*1

peephole

<*j~*j wapoapa furtive glanoe, peep,

man-

date

(pol.);

truateeahip

jLjJI

^-U

n and

IT to entrust, commend, oommit


a.o.'fl

ma^/w

aZ-w. regenoy oounoil

(o*

to

oharge or oare

8.0.);

to

*-> taufiya pl. -&, ,^*ljJ touxSjm reo-

Md, advise, oounsel (-> so. to do B.th.), reoommend (_> to s.o. B.th.). impreu (-* * on s.o. B.th.); to order (
direct,
s.o., 0*

ommendation; admonition, exhortation,


advioe,
oounsel;
proposal,

Suggestion;

order, instruotion, direotion oommiasion,

to

do

s.th.),

oharge, commission
(<_>

mandate; (oommeroial) order, commis*


sion

(o>

b.o.

with), enjoin
(<->)

on
(

s.o. B.th.),

make
order

a.th.
(<_>

inoumbent

on
give

s.o.);
8.0.

to
()
*

from

b.o. B.th.),

an order
with
B.o.

for

(<_>),

place

an order
(<-*

(<->

wj ^ * order, on commission; v^- ltter of reoommendation V*>> ^y- #f k** limited partnerBhip = *?*>; appointment of an L*jl
|

4*>'

'

Ifi'

for);

to decree

s.th.);

to

executor

(J*Z.

Zaw)
and

make

one'a will; to will, determine or


(ji

deoree by will

that); to bequeath,

^j- mutH^^'n
ailent partner

mfin
|

olient,

make

over, transfer

by

prinoipal; mandator, teatator


will (o*

J to

s.o.
|

^*j* ^hj*

s.th.); to

appoint aa executor

(JI s.o.)

\j*- *Ljl (Ifairan) he

urged him to take


(Ifairan) to

<j

^j* mfan

bihl that

which haa been

oare of
s.th.

\j>+- *>

^ji-l

make

disposed of; bequeathed, willed; bequest,


legaoy; deoreed, ordered;
*J*

one'a concern (or one'a busineae),

reoommended;
*J

make a

point of s.th. (in deferenoe to

^y

regiatered

(letter);

^jil

another's recommendation) ; to

mean well, have the best intentiona with; ^jS-l jj. j*-Vl> {bi-Uajri Ifairan) to fix a modl

logatee; heir; *JI

^^il executor
(*j->j

_J-ij

wodu'a yjji yavdu'u

wu^', l*Lij
to perform

erate or low prioe

uxufSa) to be pure, olean

the ritual ablution before prayer

^j

wafly

pl.

L*,l

autiytf* pleni-

potentiary, mandatory, authorized agent,

#Uij

wu44&

brilliant, radiant, bright

oommiBaioner; executor; legal guardian,


ourator, tutor; adminiatrator, oaretaker,

.Lij vxuj&'a purity, oleanness, cleanlineaa

trustee ; regent ; teatator ; dient, principe!,

mandator

,^5/JI
|

^j

j~*j wuf* purity, oleanneaa, cleanli*

('ari) regent,

ness; ritual ablution before prayer


j**j vxuf'

prince regent

water

for

the ritual ablu-

V-j xoajlya

pl.

LL*j wafyt

direetion,

direotive, Instruction, injunction, order,

tion

oommand, oommandment; recommenda-

*^j

watf? pl.

Uy vwf

pure, clean

U*3
J->> tauxufu
L** mja'a
ritual ablution

1076

,^-Lijl

jthi

olarifying, explanatory,

explicatory, illustrative, eluoidative

and L*-* mttf'a fountain


^LiJl
ittfrlh

or basin for the ritual ablution

olarity, oleamess; plain-

nesa, distinotness; visibleness, manifest*

,\

J-j"

toutfiA

arrangement ;

preparation

ness
^Ui-1-1
istv$h
pl.

dressing, processing (mining industry)


-t

request

for

-wij w<iaAa ii yo^i'Au (rj-ij wutfwA-) to

clarifioation,

inquiry,

formal

question,

be

or

beoome

olear,

piain,

patent,

Interpellation

manifest, evident ; to appear, show,


out,

come

oome to

light,

beoome

visible

n and

P~i\j totfih olear, luoid; nlain, distinct;

obvious, patent, manifest; visible, conspiououa; evident, apparent, ostensible


4Jlii
|

IT to make

olear,

make

piain (* s.th.);

to explain, explioate, olear up, olarify,

p^lj

(bi-$tihi)
<>lj]l

self-evident; self-

expound, elnoidate,

illuatrate

(* a.th.);

explanatory; l
that...; Ujlj
jLfJI

,>

it

is

obvious

to set forth, propound (* s.th.); to


visible,

make

make manifest, show


V

(* s.th.);

crl j~*j -*lj j*VI (vru4ha 8-iamai j\ rdbi'oti n-naAdr)

to indioate, designate, denote, express


(* B.th.)
olarified,

the matter

is

olear as daylight
olear;

I; to

be made

olear,

be
ii* mutta4ih piain, distinct;

be cleared up; to be shown, be

indioated; to be obvious VIII m~iS\ tafa*

obvious, patent, manifest

ha

= I and V; to follow clearly (j* from),


X
to ask
( b.o.)

jSj

wotjar

pl.

jl*j\ au4dr dirt,

filth

be explained (j- by)

for

an explanation,
s.th.);

for

clarifioation

(*

of

+j watjaa
off,

*-j

to examine, investigate, explore

lay on, lay down, put

yooWu (waf) to lay, lay down (* B.th.);


fix,

(* or

j*

s.th.), inquire,

searoh (* or

&

to set

down

(* s.th.); to place (* s.th.);

into); to try to see olear {* in), seek to

to set up, ereot (* s.th.); to


afflx

attaoh,

understand olearly

(* s.th.)

(j * s.th. to, on, in); to lay, put


s.th. into);

(j *

to impose (Je * s.th.


* s.th.

P^j wa4ah
jLfJl [w.

pl.

^Lijl

awjldh
J

light,

on

s.o.); to

take

(^

from
s.o.),

s.o.), rid

brilliance, luminosity, brightness

^>j J

of a brden, unburden (jp

unsaddle

in-nahr) in broad daylight


bright, olear, brilliant,

(je a horse); to bear (* a ohild), give


birth to (); to invent, oontrive, devise,
originate,

A**j wa44&>
Bhining, luminous

produce

(* s.th.);

to found,

establish, set up, Start (* s.th.); to write

tj~*j ttnt^h olarity, oleamess, plainness, distinetneBs;


viaiblenefis;

down, put down in writing,

set

down, lay

obvious-

down
(*

(* s.th.); to write,

oompe, oompose

nesa ; appearance
distinotly

rj~*M

olearly, plainly,

a book or similar work of the mind),

oreate (* s.th.); to ooin (*

a new word,
der-

jwijl autfah 1 olearar

a
showing,

new term,

or the like); to humble,

^*y

humiEate, disparage (j* or


tawflh
elucidation ;

s.o.),

ogat, detraot (j* or

from);

(waa",

viBualization; explanation; clarifioation;

explioation, ilhitration
p-Lijf

fj~0j untf', **0 fa'a, $i'a) with * nafsah: to abse o.a., humble o.a.;
vxufai'a f~*ji yautfu'u (*L*j

\$h

pl. -t

elucidation; showing,

uxuj&a) to

visualization; explanation; olarification;

be low,

lowly,

humble

UUl *j

explioation, Ulustration

(assan) to lay a foundation, lay a oorner-

1077

fltone;

j -_#j ({iqaiah) to place one's


(<-Jl*-

to lay one's
#ai

band over

one's heart;

ujj

oonfidence in;
(;<Sn6art)

J*

or)

L>U-

4*_j

to lay, or put, s.th. aaide; 4*~ij to put s.th.


in

u- (yWAi) to lay s.th. aaide, toas s.th. aside; c*- **~*j to put s.th. in
s.o.'s

*~*r

ijaibthl)
l.u-

one's

power IV to hurry; to take an

pocket; J

-_>j (addan) to put

an

aotive part, participate actively (j in);


pass. wfi'a to Buffer losses (j in) VI to

end to

s.th.;

J* -~ij (katman) to
;

place a seal on

oLJl

n~ij to lay

down
wa
or

behave humbly and modestly; to abse


o.s. ,

arms;
ssilatu

*i*
j\

*JL_U1

ti**#j uni<it'ol
:

humble

o.b.; to agree,

oome to an
to

'unugihi approx.

to have

agreement {J* on) VIII

-~iJi iUatfa'a

millstone about one's neck, be seriously

humble

o.b.,
,

abse

o.s.

handicapped

U Jy *J
j4i

to

make
value

form a plan;
depreoiate
s.th.;
Ijr_yu

^ wj
lower

i** <Ja a, $i'a lowness, lowliness,

hum-

(ga^riAl) to

bleness; soantiness, poorness, inferiority

s.th.,

the

of
*-#j toaif pl. pLijl av4a laying down; putting down; laying on; fixing,

report;
posals,

->j to write or make a oUlj3l n^ij to draw up promake suggestions; oai. j

^j
s.th.

attaching; setting up; plaoing; writing

o^*l (mu^oddamott AttmmtAf) to devote


particular attention to s.th.,

down, record(ing); drawing up, execution


(of

make

a document, deed,
;

eto.);

compoeition

one's foremost conoern, give priority to


s.th.;

(of (of (of

a printed work) writing, oompilation a book); creation; invention; coining

J
*j

Ikil

m^ij (Za/fan) to coin a

word

for;

L#U

J*.

i^ilj

^ij

(li-l-lafzi

a word); coinage; conolusion

(of

ma'nan kffan biki) to give a special meanig to an expression, place a


particular oonstruotion

treaty); parturition, delivery, childbirth;

regulation, rule; sketoh, draft; attitude,

on an expression;

bearing, oarriage; poeture, pose (of the

o-t
out,

._*j a*~+j

(nupba *ainaihi) to point


s.th.

body,

e.g., in

dancing, before a oamera);

demonstrate

to

position, looation; Situation; Statement


s.o.;

C*j

V=* J* VJ Ui (na^dratoAfi) to put on


one's glasses ; ]^j *-*j (nuzuman) to lay

(math.) ; foundation, establisbment ;

humanl*-ij

miliation ;

pl.

f Lijl circumstanoes, con-

down mies;

ditions; Statutes; rules, principles;


.w-

J* am^j
s.th. in

(hidatin)

to
ner;

mores, praotices, usages, oustoms;


rulea
|

set s.th. apart, single out s.th. ; *j^ij *+~*j

Conventions, conventional

{mav4i'ah) to put
s.th.
t-t.)

the place of Vjj


(mawjii'a
s.th. s.th.;

wcupan wa-qaulan in words and


w. al-yad laying on of the hand;

eise ;

XJc}\

*~ij

*~*j

deeds; JU-I ~ij\ the present Situation;


-Ul

to put s.th. into force,

make

+j

effective or operative; to
ilUl

implement
T

~ij*
s.tb.,

4*~+j

(mav4i a
s.th.;

S-Sakk)

to

ocoupation, occupancy, seizure; *~+J\ fVT labor pains

doubt

queation

?~*y

**~+j

J*JI (mawfi'a l-'amal) to put B.th. into


action,
J*!I

l^ij vxupa, wfa Situation ; position

translate s.th. into deeds;


jSUll

t* J
l-fi'l)

j~ij vxufi
l

relating to Situation or popoaitional; positive;


(philoe.) ;

+j*

(fikrata

mav4%'a

sition,

situational,

to translate the idea into action

>C*j
position;

positivistic ;

positivist

man-

^i *j* to put
**-+y>
s.th.
;

o.s. in s.o. 's

made

based
|

on

Convention,

conven-

jsp

j
Jj

**->j

to mislay, misplace

tional

,j*-*j jj\i positive

law

(;'ur.); ~S)I

J*

uj

(yadah) to take pos-

i-*^JI (qiyam) decimals (math.)

seesion of, lay hold of ; jwl JJI

J*

.b
*jl

to take 1,000 prisoners; .j-r* J*

^j uj

V^J
[philo*.)

toatfiya

Situation ;

positirism

; ;

1078

*L#j uw^fcTa lowness, lowliness, humbleness


te~ij

point;

fj~*j*

ij*

j* not

topical, not

timely

wa$?

pl. Lu-j

ww^a'd* 1 lowly,
;

^fj-^j*

mautf'l objeotive; oonceming


itself

humble, base, vulgr,


low; inferior
|

common

plebeian

the subjeot matter, the subjeot the form)

(not

Uj^ll

U-LJI (fabaqa) the

lowest olass; ^i^tj r*J\ l w &n ^ high, the lowly and the great

*-cj~j>* maittf'iya ohjeotivism (phos.)

U^j

wa/fta

pl.

AJ*L#j

tttHtri'

s.th. a.th.

ol**lj* mutvfa't analogous (word)

put down, laid down or deposited;


entrusted to
deposit;
s.o. 's

ooinings
*lj=

oustody, trust, oharge,


resale with a loa;

muAxwdd* humble; modest, un-

(Isl.

Law)

pretentious, unassuming, simple; Bmall,


little,

price reduotion, rebate

insignifioant

>> mav4%*
objeot
(of

pl. a*#|>

maw$C %

place,

~J>j

spot, site, looality; passage (in a book);


a.th.);

uu^am pl. jLijl awf&m meat oounter, meat block, butoher's block
lU yafa'u
(*
s.th.),

position,
|

Situation,
in the

location; rank; oooasion

<m^ j
_pi

*Jtj wafi'a

(*lrj

waf) to tread
Step,

right plaoe, at the right time, timely,

underfoot

tread,

walk

oonvenient, opportune; **^j*

in

(* on); to set foot (* on);

to walk (*

the wrong place, out of plaoe; JU-I -*> j in the preaent case; ijli*- *> 5*
[matuji'a hafwatin) he

over); to

mount

(* a horse); to
(*

trample
to

down, trample underfoot

s.th.);

was the objeot

have sexual intercourse (U with a woman)


II to

al-i'jb object

of a (festive) reception; v^*^' *> * of admiration; UXl J>>*

pave, level,

make smooth or even


way); to make smooth

{* B.th., esp., the

m. aZ-Aan4 objeot of sympathy see also


;

and

soft, prepare, fix up,

make

comfort-

wa^a'a

aJ>* m. gadamtn a foot

(of

able (* a seat, the bed, or the like, J for


s.o.);

ground)

to

make

ready, prepare (* s.th.);

^~iy> matid'!

looal

to reduce, slash (* s.th.); to foroe down,


press

down
Uj

(* s.th.); to

lower (*

a.th.)
|

*-*!> tawclu* humility, modesty; lowness, lowliness,


f-U-Jl

*Jj_*

(jautah)

to lower the voice

humbleness
humility, modesty; low-

III to agree,
s.o.

be in agreement (J*

with

tit&T

on) IT to

ness, lowliness,

humhleness
writer,

(* on); to
s.th.)

make ( s.o.) Step or tread make ( s.o.) trample down (*


in

-*lj

wdl((*'

author;
in

VI to agree, be in agreement, co-

oreator;

operate,

work hand
J* in

hand, aot in

inventor ;
veiled

originator ;
|

ohildbed ; unoonoert, play into eaoh other'e hands, aot


xo.

(woman)

jJ\

**j\j

aX-yad ooin oollusion


(

s.th., in

oupier, oocupant; holder of aotual pos-

order to carry

out
Session, possessor (jw.)
s fj~*j* matuf' pl. -t, Ar-l> maw&4? objeot; theme, subject, topio; question,

s.th.)

*bj waf and


depression
Urj

ILj

wa# low ground,

problem, isaue; subjeot matter, matter;


treatise,

wofa

pressure;

oppression, co-

essay,

artiole,
|

paper;

axiom
j[pl

ercion, compulsion, force; gravity; violence,


to),

postulate (mcUh.)
al-m.
fj~*J>\

oU^J^U ^^fihris
index
he
;

vehemence

:lL>jll

Jjxi cruel (J*

table

of content,
,

having a deadly

efifect

adraka l-mau$ a

got the

fatal oonsequenoes ( J* for) ; ^Ul

(J* on), of :tlj cotil

1079

i>J
oL-*

(taddat) to aggrarate,
txying, grueling
^-i^ii
K-ft.
u>.

beoome grare,
!U*j
jl-ci^/

mifada rammer, tamper


tautfd

(distress);

jj

strengthening,

bracing,
oonsolidat.

-mara4) because of the

reinforoement,

oementation
|

violence with which the diaease Struck

tion, stabilization

i-JI

->

as-tm

*^j wafV
tLjl

low;

flat,

level

safeguarding, or maintenanoe, of peaoe;


}jjji\

aufa

,%

lower
*

j*m -y

t.

8%'r al-f. stabilization

of the frano
tLj*

maufa* and
place

U * maufi* (J >

pI. *Jlj*
is

mauxlfi**

where the foot

set

j1_P

muwaad
|

firm ,

strong ;

solid

down,

footing, foothold; footprint, foot-

sturdy
resting

j^l

Jl_p

firmly established,

step, traok;

footstool

^ o V V *,J*j*
I

m.

on firm foundations

al-aqd&m a foot (of ground); *l4Vl *JAj*


the ground

Jj wafar pl. jlUjI aufr wish, desire; aim, end, objeot, purpose

jj

toufi'a

introduotion, initiation;
|

preparation; reduotion, lowering

> in
.

(J

^j

toafU furnaoe

%r^J\ jr- (hamiya)


fighting;
(j-jWjJl

there
fierce,

was

fierce

yU-

preparation of

. .

. ,

for the

purpose of

. .

^Jl

grim, bitter (fighting)

&>jj

t.

af-fcmt lowering of the voice

tUj* mwvfa'a agreement; Beeret un-

J^j

UfafaSa ^iLj yaftiu (watf) to atrike, hit,


( s.o.)

dentanding, oonnivance, oollusion

alap

jUji taudfu' agreement;

Beeret under-

Jbj

wafifa

i_4i_H

yaufafu (wafaf) to have

standing, oonnivance, oollusion


jLIj wtyi' low; muffled, subdued, soft
(voice)
|

bushy eyebrows
<Jtkjl

aufaf*,
;

f.

LiLj

waff'*

bushy-

&ljll ,j>lj^l tn * Netherlands

browed
(oloud)

LiLj rain-heavy

and low-hanging

^j toafb

pl. <-*Uj

u*#6.
|

->lk>'

<*#&i v^'-'

owd/ii 1 milkskin
;

V^rj" j^ amply provided with v^>" ^^" empty-handed


<_*

jUj umfana jLj yafinu (uwjn) to dwell,


reaide, atay
(-*

live,

in a place) II to ohoose for

residenoe (* a place), settle down, get

jUj wafada jLi yafidu (wafd) and

II

to

make

settled, take

up
<-j

one's residenoe {* in

firm, strong or stable, strengtben, braoe, reinforce, cement, consolidate,


{* s.th.); to

place)

J*

J*j {nafsah) to get


o.s.

stabilize
(*

used

to, adjust o.s. to, reconcile o.s. to,

stamp down, ram, tamp

put up with; to prepare


for; to

mentally

earth, etc.); to pave (J * the


s.o.),

way
|

for
Jlj

prepare (J * the ground

for)

<> ({iqatah) to rely firmly on, put


Ol
.

make up one's mind to (do a.th.) V to settle down (* or u in a place) J* <- jlj J* <i> c^ji (nafsuh)
|

one's faith in;

fjJI
. . ,

J^j ('azma) to
to the firm
('ur l-ma*

(see

above)

to choose for residenoe (*

resolve firmly to

come
Jlj

a place); to settle (* a oountry); to settle

decision to

...;

*-A\

&j*

down, get

settled, take

up

one'a residenoe

habba) to atrengthen the bonds of friendship;

(* in); to live

permanently (* in a place);

**\ji\

oUj (aqdmah) to gain a

to take root,

beoome naturalized,

ac-

footing in
jJj uufid firm; strong; solid, sturdy;

climated
jl*j

( in)

wafan

pl. IUjI

aufn homeland,

unshakable

J.^/1
of,

J-Lj

{u>.

aZ-amoi)

home
JJl

oountry, fatherland;
(qibli)
1

home
the

jUjJI
|

having strong hopes


>lUjt

oonfident of

Cape Bon

(tun.);

^\

jL^II

aufd mountains

J-Jl^^Z

(qaumi,

isr'ili)

Jewish

J
National

1080

Home;

Jj

Jl

ahl

w.

his

countrymen,
Aut
aX-w.

his oompatriots; jLjil

,_*

devote o.a. (J* in), take pains (J with), assiduously, apply o.a. with peraeverance
or ateadily ( J* to s.th.)
3-Ulj-

patriotiam;

0*jM

C?^

cosmopolit&n

muwfaba

diligence,

aasiduity,

Jtj wafani home, native; indigenoua,


domeatio; patriotio; national; nationalistic ; (pl.

peraeverance, peraiatence
<_-Wj-

muwfib

diligent,

asaiduoua,

-n) nationalst, patriot

oltjU*

persevering, persistent

*jJj

domeatio producta, producta of the

oountry
i-ij

JtUj

II

wafanlya

nationalism;

national

pose

to assign (J* * B.th. to s.o.); to imJ* * a.th., eap. a tax, on s.o.), br(

sentiment, patriotism
jlj*

den, encumber (J* * with s.th. s.o.); to aseign an offloe ( to s.o.). appoint to an
resofiice,

mauftn

pl.

jfj- mawfin*
native country,

employ, hire

( s.o.);

to invest (*
offloe,

idence, domicile; habitat; native place,

money) V to be appointed to an

home town, home;


wgion,
section,

home
point,

obtain a poaition, get a Job; to hold an


office,

country, fatherland; place, looality, area,


district,

work

in a poaition,

have a Job
offlcial

zone;
|

iyj-l

JiUjj to

work as an

with

apot ; right place ; right time

,J*m*n\\

jtjapot,

the government
lllij

m. a^-du'f

soft or aore Spot;

weak

weakneaa; <UI jLj* J* ^ n**j (yadah,


tn. il-'ia)

unzf/o

pl.

<Julkj wat'if* daily

to lay one'a finger on an open


fr-*>Jl

ration; pay; offioe, poaition, post, job;


offlcialship, officialdom; duty, task, aa-

aore,

touch a aore apot;

^j^

the

loweat point, the low mark, the bottom


<L>U-I-I

signment ; (school) aaaignment, lesson,

home work; employ,


tstifdn

ervice;

work; funofill

Immigration;

Bettung

tion

-kj ja! (add) to


office, ezercise

a post,

down;

settling, settlement, colonization;

attend to an
JU(in

a function;

"iatitan",

special impoat in Tunisia

tJullij (fpliya)

vaoanoies;

want ads

jMj* muwfin countryman, compatriot, fellow Citizen J.U jWj- ('lami)


|

a newspaper) ; JuU^I 1* 'Um al-w. or


'. Vf.

LipVl uJJUj 1*

cU-a'dtf

physiology

world Citizen

J-tj twf /i functional


native, indigenous,
J-fc> tauzlf

jL^
{med.)

mutawaftin

employment, appointment

domeatio; resident; deep-rooted; endemio


(to

an

office)

JW

.J-U> Investment

jtji miutavjin

Jdij*
native,

muwa&af

fixed

(salary);

em-

indigenoua,

ployed, appointed;

(pl. -n)

employee;

domeatio; resident; deep-rooted


offlcial, officer, oivil
.Uijl>j

aervant; functionary |
offlcial ; .JJij-

wafrvt

pl.

-UjIVj

xoatwif,

i-ijU-j

iyS^A.1 _itjijyf-

government

wafwip bat

(zool.)

("vmtni) publio funotionary;

jf\

0%-iUjll senior offioial

J>j H

for Itj

H
soft; aee alphabetically

^cj wcCaba
whole,
all

<_-<o

yaibu

(wa'b) to take the

\j wtin low;

(* of a.th.)

IT do.; to inaert
to uproot, root

kJij wazaba ^Jij yaztu (v.A* umftUi) to do peraiatently, regularly, keep doing, practice constantly

(j >

s.th. in)

I;

out, extirpate, ezterminate (* a.th.); to

(Jp or *

s.th.),

continue

embraoe, encloae,
4-t!ji

encircle

s.o.,

r J .

to

do

a.th. III do.j to peraevere, persiat

with the arma); to contain, hold

; *

, ;

1081

f>
doctor, etc.); visiting hours (in
etc.);

(* s.th.); to

be able to take
;

in (* a.th.),

museuma,
time,

nave room

(* for)

to comprehond, under-

(time
|

of)
jLJ.1

departure

(of trains,

stand, grasp, take in (* s.th.)

buses, eto.)

or

U^*

j on

^LJL-I

istVb

capacity;

study;

fll

comprehension, grasp

^tw ji J* (airi m.) untimely, unpunctually; ^tw jj> j+ min gairi m. quite unexpectedly, all of a
punctually;

l^j

toa't, wa'ii diffioult,

hard, troublesome,

sudden, suddenly;

tiresome, laborious, arduous


li*j

wa'la* difficulty, trouble, hard-

*. jL- J* ulT to have an appointment with; vLA' OU bayn al-m. railroad timetable; JfVl jI*^ m.

ship, inoonvenience, disoomfort

al-aki mealtime, eating time; JLXll jUj.

date of delivery;
Uj

sl^ll

jL-

m. al-mar*a
de-

wa'ada 4m ya'idu (wa'd)

to

make a
(_>

menses;

<yj*

^j*

('urqblya)

promise; to give one's word; to promise

ceptive promises; jLJ.1

^J ard al-m. the

(^
s.o.

or m

* s.o.

s.th.); to

threaten

Land

of Promise

with)

*-iJ 0j to
. . .

promise

o.a.

to

. . . ,

intend firmly to pledge


o.s.

^i
III

Ij*\j*

oj

mutaTada arrangement, agree-

(6t-

Sarafikl) to

on

one's honor,

ment; appointment, rendezvous, date


il*j\

give one's

word of honor

to

make
(*

Vd threat
tawa"ud threat
tawa"nd\ threatening, menacing,

an arrangement; to arrange
or rendezvous,

for a

meeting

Otjj

make an appointment

with

s.o. for

a given time or at a oertain


; ;

tf-Ujj

place) I V
s.o.)

VI

V to threaten to menace to make an appointment VIII -a*jI


(

=1

minatory
>j*j
ed,

mau'd promised;

fixed, appoint-

itta'ada

to

oome

to an understandlng,
other,

stipulated (time);
pl. x*l_*

*j*j*

and

Iaj*j*

agree

among eaoh
(l that)

make

arrangeji>j

mau'da
wa'ara

maw'id* promise

ments

jmt ya'iru (wa'r

and jj*j wu'r)

*J* 'ida

promise

Uj wa'd pl. ij*j

vm'd promise

and wa'ira ^y_ yau'aru (war ar), wa'ura yau'uru (IjUj wa'ra, jj*j um'ra) to be
rough, rugged, diffioult (terrain)

Xj-j wa'id threats ; promises

j*j wa'r rock debris; rugged, roadless

iS^j
minatory

wa'tdt

threatening,

menaoing,
terrain

jtj wa'r
u^* mau'id, jp^. mau' ida pl. jplj* maw&'i& promise; pledge, engagement, commitment ; rendezvous, date, ap-

pl.

jj*j m'fir, jUjI ou'dr


cleft,

oovered with rock debris;

riven,

rugged, wild; rough, uneven; roadless,


pathless; hard, difficult

pointment; time and place of an appoint-

ment; appointed time; time, date, deadline;

j**j wa'ir oovered


cleft, riven,

with rock debris;

anniversary

(c- or)

**

jpj*

J* (T

cragged, rugged, wild; rough,


pathless
;

to have an appointment with s.o.


jL_

uneven
ficult

roadless,

hard,

dif-

ml'd

pl.

X*'>*
date,

maw'P promise;
rendezvous ;
on,

appointment,
pointed
fixed

ap-

jje-j

wu'ra
|

unevenness, roughness

time;

time agreed
;

time
date

difficulty
ficult terrain
j-j\

,j>jVl

jyj w.

al-ard dif-

by appointment
due date
hour,
for

deadline,

(eap. also

repaying a debt)
hour(s)
(of

au'ar9

rougher,

more rugged

Consulting

office

harder

JPJ

1082

je; IT to give to widerstand, intimate, insinuate (j or

<ii*j

V to be

indisposed, unwell

s.th M JI*to s.o.), point

iUj wa'ik indieposed,

unwell
illness; sultri-

out by a sign or motion (j or


s.o. a.th.);

Jl to
s.o.

"&*j toa'ka Indisposition,


ness

to auggest (j or 4*

Jl s.o.

to

s.th.);
s.o.

to inspire (j or

Jl

with,

to

do

s.th.)

to adrise, counsel, reos.o. s.th.);

iUy
t\ftj*

tawa"uk indiposttion

ommend

(j or lj Jl to

to

mau'k indieposed, unwell ;

LH

induoe (^ Jl s.o. to); to instruot, direot, order (Jl s.o., to do s.th.)

dUji* mutawa'ik indisposed, unwell ; LH

JUJ tz

advice, counsel,

recommen-

d&tion; Suggestion, intimation, hint

Jpj wa'Z, tra' pl. JU^I av'l, Jjtj mountain goat j*j toa'Wa to howl, yelp, bark, bay

WtZi

lijUj tzi advisory, reoommendatory,


inspiring, inspiratory

jtj wa'd

^yu ya'i (u'y) to hold (* s.th.); to


s.th.); to

o j*p m'ax

biht inspired, euggested

oomprise {*
retain
in

contain (* s.th.); to

by a higher authority
iJ

one's
heart,

memory,

remember,

know by

know

(* s.th.); to

^J

toa'aaa

^^-u

ya'isu

(wa's)
(

to

make
of

attention (Jl or * to), heed, bear in


(Jl or * s.th.); to peroeive,

pay mind

experienced,
fate)

make

wiae

s.o.;

hear (*
|

s.th.);

to become aware (Jl of)


pl.

^j wa's
^l*-*
ilj wa'afa

^Ujl

av's quicksand

(nafrihi) to

dawn on
V
(he

s.o.,
is)

<- J* ^j beoome clear


unconsciouB

mV s

quioksand
(toa% <Le
N'ya)

to
^j

b.o.

^yo

Ju ya'tfu
to
s.o.),

to

jSj V (he is) almost unoonscious; 4>*i ^ i/f ^ ne doesn't know what he
is

preaoh

appeal to

s.o.*s ()

con-

saying II to warn, caution {j*

s.o.

soienoe; to admonish, exhort ( s.o.); to

against) IV to put (* B.th. into a vessel or

warn (j*

* s.o.

of),

oaution (ja

s.o.

Container)

V
to

to aot with caution, with

against) Till Jul itta'aza to let o.s. be

prudence;
againat),

be on one's
of)

guard (j*

admonished or wamed; to aooede to an


admonition, take ad vice; to learn a
les-

beware (j-

^j

toa'y

attention,

attentiveness,

son, take a warning (uj from), let s.th.


(lj)

heedfulness, earefulness, advertence; consciousness; awareness; feeling, Bentiment,

be a warning

k 'ija pl. -t sermon; lesson, moral;

Bense; wakefulness, alertness

jj

j* j

warning; admonition
Jipj toa'f

unnotieed, without being notioed; wa'ya admonition;

^j
sub-

and

'^cj

<jy

(qauml)

national
^j-jh

conseiousness,

warning; sermon; paraenesis

nationalism;
conscious;

*\jj

the

uj prS^

and

*-pj Jl

jU

to

LP mav'ifa

pl. Ji*lj>

maiuTt?'

reli-

regain conseiousness, to lose conseiousness,

come

to;

uj

am

gious exhortation, spiritual counsel; ex-

faint,

pasa

out;

hortatory talk, exhortation ; Btern leoture,


severe reprimand

^j C)js

unconfloious(ly)
pl.

Uj wi**
Ji*lj uttfif pl. J#l*j uw'*f

<*jl au'iya, f\j\ aw'in


|

preaoher
cross;
ill-

vessel (also anat.), Container, reeeptaole


*ij*3 I*jt

j*j wa'g, uw'tg


tempered,
ous, petulant

surly,

grumpy,

(damawtya) blood vesBels

irritable, peevish,

cantanker-

attentive, heedful, careful; f\j w&in oonscious, in one's senses, wide awake

j
1083

j*j

wa$d

pl.

jUjI

audd,

jlaij untfjddn

Jij

wafd
*\ij\

arrival,

Coming;

(pl.

iyj

miserable, wretohed; seoundrel

wufd,
tation;

aufd) a delegation, a depu(formerly, Jgg.)

-lijJl

the

Wafd
Wafd;

jj %oagara

ji*

yafiru,

vagwa

j*ji

yaugaru
party
j

{wogt, toagar) to be hot, be angry

J-j
tfJij toafdl

J*
feel

.jX-.

(^odruAfl)

to boil with anger


s.o.,

of or relative to the

against

a.o.,

harbor malioe against


for s.o.

Wafdiat, a

member

or adherent of the

hatred

IV J* jx* J>j\

Wafd
jlij

(padrah) to aroiue b.o.'s anger against,


stir up s.o. against,
s.o.

wifda arrival

4llij

{j^-\ or) pS*l

arouse bitter feelinga in

(wifdatah) to receive s.o. hospitably,


receive s.o. with kindness, treat s.o. with

againat

V to be furious, burn with rage


wagar anger, wrath,
ire,

jtj

wagr,

deference

ranoor, spite, malioe, hatred

syj wufd
vmfill)

arrival

Jij

wagala
penetrate

Jij

yaQilu
(

(*Sjij

to

jLLI

Ifd delegation, deputation, dis-

deeply

into) ;

(#,

patoh
Ji\j wfid pl. jlij

wufl, :A*j wagaln) to intrude (J* on -o.), come tminvited (J* to) IV to
penetrate deeply (j into); to apply
intenaively (j to
o.s.

syj wufd,

^liji

aufd,

umffd arriving; (new)oomer, arrival;


(disease); pooring in,

envoy; epidemio(al)

an

activity); to puah,

Coming
ijj\j

(ideas,

memories)

press (j

s.o.

into); to
briakly,

hurry

J*jl

wda an epidemic
mfad appointed or nominated
|

jwK
}y;

(air) to

walk

advanoe quiokJij

(O&l

J*jl (totem) to exaggerate,


{

draw a longbow V to penetrate deeply into) to advanoe further and further


;

for

a special assignment; delegate

aijll

djAJ\ apoatolio delegate


Jtj uxtfara jju yafiru (wafr,

Jij uaI intruder, paraaite


Jijl" tawa$iJul

jyj

wufr) and
toafdra)

penetration, absorption,

wafura

Jji

yau/uru

(ij\ij

to

preocoupation
Jilj
wd#t'Z

abound, be ample, abundant, numerous,


plentiful;

to inorease, augment, grow,

intruder, paraaite; extra*

neous,

irrelevant;

deep,

deep-rooted,

become more II to inorease, augment, make abundant (* s.th.); to give abundantly (J * of


s.th. to s.o.); to furnish (* (*
s.th.),

deep-aeated, inveterate (feeling)

Jij* mt{ deep-reaohing, deep-rooted

evidenoe, proof); to Bave


sparing,

be

jtj uw^y, wo^on din, olamor, tumult, uproar


Jij

be

economioal,

hold

back,

economize

(* with); to lay by,

put by (*
(*

wafada

xiu

yqfidu (wafd,

wifda) to come, travel


esp. as

jyj tvufd, olij J or Jt to s.o., (


Jl

s.th., esp., s.th.)


|

money); to Bave

J*

s.o.

J2T .JujLa* *J* Jtj to Bave s.o.

an envoy); to arrive (J* or


s.o.,

lot of

expenses IV to inorease, augment

before

in s.o.'s presenoe); to viait,

{* s.th.)

V to abound, be ample, abundant,


to
sufflce,

oome
II

to aee (J* s.o.), call on s.o. (J#) and-IV to send, dispatoh ( J or Jl s.o.
also

plentiful;

be sufflcient, be
(condition); to

enough; to be
be of
fll

fulfilled

to,

* a delegation); to delegate,
Jl
s.o. to, also

value, Sterling,

up

to Standard,

depute (J* or
III to
s.o.)

* a group)
(

unexceptionable, valid; to prosper, thrive,

come or

arrive together

with

be euocessful; to spare no trouble, go to

VI to arrive together; to throng,


(J* to)

any length (J*

in

an undertaking or
devote

flock

activity), give all one's attention,

J*
0.8.

1084

be saved

intensively, dedicate o.a. (J* to); to l-j^l oli-Jl tsjji he has J

j>\j* mutawdfir ample, abundant, plentiful,

profuse

the neceaaary qualitiea;

i JjrJI

<U

oy^i

jij

to be rouaed, be alerted

he

to e in

fulflll

the oonditions VI to be nu-

wait; to be in BUBpense; to be prepared,

meroua; to abound, be ample, abundant,


plentiful; to inorease, multiply,

be in a State of alertneas
jij ttw/z, wafaz pl. jljjl aufz hurry,

grow

in

number; to be
fall

fulfiJIed (oonditions); to
(e.g.,

amply
|

to b.o.'b (J) ahare

qul-

haste

jliji

J jlT to be on one'a

toea,

ities)

Jl^-Ij

V LUI

<J

J\y

{iabb, jaml)

be on the alert
Jiji*
mustaufit
alert,

he

ia

richly

endowed with youth and

quick,

vivid,

good looks

lively (e.g.,

mind); excited iii yafu (waf$) to run; to

jj
fusion,

viafr

abundanoe,

wealth;
(pl.

pro-

^j

toafafa

i/

auperabundanoe ;

jyj

wu/tir,

hurry, rush

hU) exeesa, surplus, overplus; eoonomy;

<J*j waffa
traveling bag

pl. ,ji\ij xeiftj.

leather bag,

saving
Ijtj

^i>\ij\
|

JU- empty, vacant,

wafra

plenty,

abundanoe,

pro-

free;

empty-handed

fusion
i*-ij

wafta penwiper
wafiqa jJu
yafiqu
fit,

jij
jtj\

toaflr

abundant, ample
Jtj
(wafq) to

be right,

aufar*

more abounding

(*

in);

proper, auitable,

appropriate II to
adapt,
fit,

more amply provided or endowed


with) ; thriftier, more economical
(Juiffm) luckier,
|

(*

make
adjiut,

fit,

make

auitable,

Ui>

jj\

aooommodate

(* s.th.); to

make
B.th.

more fortunate
augmentation;

oonsiatent, bring to agreement, reconcile

jiy

tauflr

inorease,

(Jo different things;


with);

,>jj
(,>>

two
(.)

ju

raising, raise, rise; eoonomizing, eoono-

to

reoonoile

partiea),

savinga

my; aaving bank


Jjt

>>JI 3j~* fiundvq

at-t.

make peaoe,
(Jo

re-establish

normal relations
a.o.

between); to give

auocess

tawaffw

abundanoe,

(J or Jl in aohieving s.th.; of God); pasa.

profusion,
vmfiiqa
rise,

wealth; superabundance; inorease,

to have

Buooeas, be successful

augmentation, apread, expansion;


fiment
|

(J or Jl in or with), have the good forful-

iJ-rlJ1

Jyj

xj> as

aoon aa the

tune, be luoky enough (Jl to), suooeed


(Jl in)
t-t.)
|

oonditiona are fulfilled

Jf JJyJl

J^

3i>J

(wfja
in,

kutta

to

auoeeed

oompletely
III

have

j\j wQfir

ample, abundant, plentiful;

every auooeaa in or with

to beut,

numeroua, profuse, auperabundant; (with


foll.

beoome
able,

( s.o.);

to Buit

(* b.o.),

be auit-

genit.)

abounding

in;

overlong

aeoeptable,
(

agreeable,

favorable,

(year); j\J\

name

of a poetio meter

oonvenient
s.o. 's (*)
(. s.o.;

to s.o.), be oonsiatent with


fit,

jjij* maufr ample, abundant, plentiful; loaded,

wishes or intereats; to

Buit

awamped; wealthy, moneyed,


|

garment); to agree (* with


s.o.,

s.th.,

rieh; oomplete, perfectly intact


i_JLUil

with

jji
oonour
(

or J*

in a.th.); to be

m. al-majlib having

many

wiahea

agreed, unanimoua, of the

same opinion,
;

J>ju
thrifty,

mutawar
eoonomioal;

ample,
aaringa

abundant;
yield

fit

or J with s.o. in s.th.) to (* s.th.), be consistent, be in keeping,


B.th.);

or

be in line (* with

to oorrespond, be

interest

analogoua {* to

a.th.); to

be in agreement.

1086

ji
wafqa: i^Jl
^*-l

be in acoordanoe, be in oonformity, be
in harmony, go, harmonize (* with); to
fall in, tally,

ijiij

ajr bt-l-w. pieoe

wage, taak wage, wage for piecework


jij\ aufaq*

coinoide (* with); to agree

more

suitable, fltter,

more

(* with; of food, olimate, eto.), be whole-

appropriate

aome, benencial
(*

{* for); to

be oonduoive

to); to agree, oonaent, aasent, sub-

soribe (J* to), grant, oonfirm, approve, aanotion, license, authorize, ratify (J*
s.th.);

aocommodation

Jjjj tauflq conformation, adaptation, balanoing, adjustment,


;

settlement; reconoiliation, mediation, arbitration, peaoemaking, re-eetablishment

to adapt,

fit

(jw one thing to the


oompatible,

other),

make
(Ju

oonaistent,

of normal relations

sucoeas (granted

by

bring to agreement, reoonoile, balance,


equilibrate

God),

happy outcome, good


luck,
|

fortune,

two thinga)
be
Buccesaful,

to be

good

prosperity,

Buocesafulness,

aided, assisted, favored (by God); to

Bucceeding

J-i>JI ci- lajnat at-t.

board

have

buccobb,

proaper,

of arbitration
Jlij wifq aocordanoe, oonformity, oon-

succeed VIII jilt tafaqa to agree,

oome

to an agreement, reach an agreement;


to agree, be in agreement, in acoord-

formanoe; unity, conoord, harmony; oonsent, aasent; agreement, covenant;


lilij

ance, in conformity, in keeping, in Une,


in

in

acoordanoe with, in

oonformity

harmony, be

oonaistent,

be oompatible,

with, conformable to, aocording to, oom-

coinoide, tally, Square, fall in

Une

{* or

mensurate with; in pursuance


suant
of
*m\j*
ty,
to,

of,

pur-

j with aco.: with); to be agreed, be unanimous to make a contraet, oonolude


;

on the strength

of,

on the basis

an.

agreement, a treaty, agree on an

muwfaqa agreement, conformiaocordanoe ;


corre-

arrangement; to agree (J* on s.th.), arrnge (J# s.th.), oome to terms (J* about s.th., * with s.o.); to chanoe, happen
aocidentally,

conformance ;

Bpondence, analogy; suitability, fitness;


approval, consent, assent, authorization,
sanction

come to

paas, occur,

happen
fall

(J to s.o., e.g.,

an oversight); to
s.o.),

unj\y tawfuq ooincidence, oongruenoe,


oongruity; agreement, oonformity, oon-

expeotedly (J to

turn out success-

fully (J for s.o.) oontrary to hia expectations; to be given, be destined (J to s.o.)


Ji7l ^* (ka-m) as
|

formance
ijlijl

ohanoe would have it, at


careleasly;
it

ittifq

ooinoidence,

oongruenoe,

random, haphazardly,
Jjjl (kaifa-m)

^uf

oongruity; agreement, oonformity, con-

bowever

may

turn out,

formance; acoident, Chance;


nant,

(pl. -dt)

cove-

whatever

may come; no
at

matter how,

oompaot,

oonvention,

oontraot entente;

anyway
jij

any

rate, in

any case

understanding,

arrangement,
|

agreement, treaty, paot

UjI aocidentaljLiJ'VLj

wafq

aufficient

amount ;

suffi-

ly

hy

chance,

by

ooincidence;

by

ciency; agreement, acoordanoe, conformity;

(mutuat)
lj^/1

agreement,

by appointment;
I.O/I

harmony, conoord; wafqa or J

Liij

JLlM unanimity;
<j-

jUllj unan-

or jij ,y

in acoordanoe with, in conto,

imously;

JLiJl {bahri)

naval agree-

formity with, conformable


to*

acoording

ment;

<jjLiC

JLbl

(tijri)

commercial
aJ*

commensurate with;
to,
|

in pursuance of,
of,

agreement, trade agreement;


l4ip"VI
itt.

JUjI

pursuant
basis

on the strength
Jij wafqa

on the
true,

'adam

cd-i'tida*

nonaggression
al-itt.

of

JWl

l-a#l

paot;

j%i-JI jUJ'ifl

Jji dmoal

the

acourate, exaot (copy)

oountries of the Little Entente

j"
JLUl
Ulilqi

1088

aooidental,

fortuitoua,

a.o.'a

requeat)

L-l

Mj

{ajalvMi) hia
fll;

ohance; baaed on Convention, oonven.


tional

fate overtook

him IY to give to the

to
pl. -it

fttllflll,

UUj'I il/ilqtya

agreement, trea-

or * to);

keep (v or a.th.), live up ( v to oome or draw near a.th. (J),

ty; oonvention, oonoordat


jij*

approaoh (J. a.th.); to exoaed, tranaoend JjI | .l^iVl (J. a.th.). go beyond

mwmffaq

auooeaaful, proaparing,

>

fortunate, lucky

todrawtoaoloee;iu-UII J jjl
('mniAa) he
ia

ji

0^1 jf

already paat nine yaara


a.th.),

\y> muu&fiq acoordant, conformable,


ooogruoiu, oonaiatent, oonoordant, oorreeponding, analogoua; auitable,
propriate;
agreeable,
fit,

of age Y to ezaot fully (t


fll

take one'e

ahare ( of), reoaive in

fll ( a.th.);

apoon-

^1 Ujj

God

haa taken

him unto Him;

aooeptable,
propitioue,

paaa. tuvmfflya to die VI to be oomplete;

enient,

favorable,

whole-

ome,

benefioial,

oondnoire

to deoide unanimonaly (Ja for, in favor of) X to reoeive in fll, ezaet (fully)
( a.th.); to give
(fully)

(
fll

J to

a.o

jiju mulamfflg auooeaaful, proaparing,


fortunate, luoky
sl* ,jizA

a.th.),

let

a.o.

have

hia

ahare of;
a.th.),

to oomplete, bring to a finiah (

mvttafaq 'ofatAj agreed apon

go through with
to

a.th.

();

to

ait

out,

hear to the end (a a program); to bring

Jj wafi jj ya/l to be perfaot, integral, 4 oomplate, unabridged; {*\ij wo/d )

ita

fll

value (

a.th.);

to treat ez-

hauatively ( a topio);
a.th.);

to ezhauet (
at

to live

up

(i^

or * to a promiae, an
like),

to preaent

in

detail,

great

agreement, a row, or tha


fulfill,

redeem,
> a.th.)i
deaire),

carry out, kaap


(._>

(un

length ( a.th.) ; to fulfill ( the oondition)

to receive
>

fll

oompenaation or indemnity
keeping,
fulfillment,
re-

to aatiafy, gratify

a wiah, a

npply (v a need); to aerve (._> a purpoae); to meet, fulfill, djaoharge (t^* an


Obligation,

un/d

demption

(e.g.,

of a promiae); meeting,

an engagemant); to pay
be
aufficient,

diacharge (of an Obligation);


(a

payment
aetoff,

(of

dabt); to redeam (a pledge); to corer


(ooata,

a debt); oounterbalance,
penaation;
faithfulneea,

oomgood

ezpenaei); to

fidelity;

be

anough, mifflce
to); to
for),

(v

for),

be adequate

faith; loyalty, allegianoa; fulfillment, ae-

(^
(_

maka
(._>

up, oompanaate fully


(-

oompliahment, realization, oompletion

oouDterbalanoa
to

a.th.);

to

be

-\ij

wa/fm

li

In fulfillment of, in dia-

equivalent

a.th.), fulfill

the func-

oharge of; aa an oflet to; aa a oompenaation for; J-dl


\ij

tion (t^ of a.th.), aubatitute (l^ for); to


realize or oarry

*ji

yaum

w. an-n

the

out (fuy, oompletely;

Day

of the Nile Inundation (populr


,\ijl\j

V
(
()

a.th.)

to bring

up to atandard,

holiday; Sg.); J
loyal to a.o.
i\ij

Jlc-I to

remain

oomplate, round out (* a.th.); to give


< a.o.

a.th.)

to the fll extent, let

a.o.

Kw/d

pl.

ol>j n/aydt

deeeaae,
|

have hia

fll

ahare of a.th. (*); to

damias; death; death certlfioate

;JtS"

present, aet forth, or treat exhauatively


(a topio) III to

oLijH kafni
death rate

al-w. high mortality, high

oome
a.o.,

to

a.o.),

appaar,

ahow up

befora

in a.o.'a praaence);

Jj
one'a

taa/iy

pl.

Ujl

atf/iyd* 1

true

to

to bring, take, deliver

{^

to

a.o. a.th.),

word;

faithful

(lover);

reliable,
fll,

aupply, provide, fumiah


to
fulfill

(v

s.o.

with);

truatworthy; entire, whole, total,


oomplete, integral, perfect

( a.o.'a wiah),

oomply

( with

1087

jjl

auf more faithful, more loyal;


perfection;
fulnlling

time, ontimely; <Ji cijJl


cij)t at the

or

uJu j

more complete, of greatar


serving better
better
*Jjj

aame

time, simultaneouily;

(^ a purpote), (^ a wish, eto.)


taufiya satisfaotion ;

-0
ci^l

Jj'

/'

wwaK wogfm one

of these

days, at the fint opportunity;

cJJ

or

fulfillment,

at onoe, right away, immediately;

disoharge
*UI_j- muwfh (v of a message)

cijJI Ixl at this time;

cJJ\ a- in (due)

time, in the course of time,


arrival;

by and by,
from

oommunioation

gradually;

>^

cSj

(I-dJra)

time totime; pay-

\j\ij\ \S\Sj\

do.; CjUjVI ,jmm

Lul
|

I/d'

fulfillment, disoharge;

at times, sometimes;

OjVI j- >" j
cJ> w.
al-farQ

ment U>^l J jjU

solvent

often, frequentry; Hj-l


leisure, sparetime, free

LLL.I Mtf/d' acoeptance

by the

oredi-

time; JjII cJJ\

tor of the Performance or


{lol.

payment due

(madanl)

oivil

time; J*->ll bjjl ci, w.


Central European time;

Law); fulfillment; exhaustive treatment; performanoe, discharge, aooomplishment,


exeoution,

uru6M
cJJ\

J-wtufcI

JjLil iASraJaJ-u.

time signal (ra4>)

consummation,

ij
then

waqta'i4%n then, at that time,

by

eompletion; payment
J*lj

wQfin faithful, loyal;

fll,

oom-

iJlia,

waqtafka then, at that time, by

plete, perfeot; quite sufflcient,

enough;

then
t*j

ample, abundant; adequate


Jtj*
(a

wogtamd

(eonj.) while, as

muwan oompleting.roundingout number) ^l ^ (^/S) ^^u jj.\ j


|

J
sient,

wtf temporal, of time; time- (in

oompounds); temporary; pasaing, trntransitory;


provisional,
for

(loAr)

on the 20th

(30th)

day of the

interim;
for

month

momentary; Lj
mutaivaffan dooeased, dead
pl.
-St,

some time,

j>u

short time
|

J*>

jj^j time exposure

(pAo(.)

j wuqqa, wiqqa
weight, see
i^Jj
*il

jij vriqaq oka, a

tJf mouq
OL* mlqt
pointed
time;

pl.

C-[j-

mawdgif* ap-

pointed time; appointment, date

waqaba v-i yaqibu (waqb) to be Bunken,

pl.

c-alj-

mauxJyW1 ptime;

hollow (eye); to beoome dark, gloomy


t-Jj

dato,

deadline;

waqb

pl.

i'lijl

avq&b

eavity

season, time of the year; meeting point,

hollow, hole; eye socket, orbit

rendezvous;

pl.

times of departure and


|

<Jj waqba cavity

arrival, timetable

^Vl
m.

c-JI_h business

houra; gi-l

c-Jj_>-

ai-hajj rendezvous

cJj

II

to appoint, fix, or set a time (* for),

points

and times of the Mecoa pilgrims


tavqit timing;

Bohedule (* s.th.) for a given time; to

C^Jy
time
time;
|

reokoning of tim'e

time

(* s.th.); to set
pl.

a time Umit (*

for)

J-*

c-Jjj (taifl) daylight-aaving


->

cJj waqt
time,

ctijl auqtU time; period of


;

J*

(moAaWl)

looal

time;

time

span

moment,

instant

Jkj? -?J -*- ^iUI


(.

<*UI

(Aosofta

bij waqtan onoe, at one time,


*iiji

one day;

g.)

at 10.00 hours Greenwioh

mean

at onoe, right away, immediately;

time
Cyj
(time);

<ij

on time; at the right time,


timely;

in

good

mavqt appointed,
temporary;
limited

fixed, in

set

time,

ci> j*

at the wrong

time,

U-J

1088

soheduled for a given time; provided

raton,

Kamaan) to burn with zeal

(en-

with a time fuse (bomb)

thusiasm) for
(* s.th.)
jSj

to kindle, light, ignite

cJj* muwaqq timing, determining the


time; timekeeper, timetaker; Controller

waqd, waqad burning, oombustion;

cJj* muwaqqat and cJj* mu'aqqat soheduled for a given time or hour; appointed, fixed, st (time); effeotive for a
oertain time, for a time only, temporal,

fire; fuel

Jij
jlij

waqda

fire;

blaze

wiqd fuel

temporary, passing, transient, tranaitory,


proviaional, interim
|

jtfj

waqqd

burning,

fiery ;

lively

li#>*

temporarily,

heated; bright, brilliant, radiant (star);


(pl.

provisionally, for the time being; *jj~*>


Jj* (bi-tra) do. ;

-An) stoker
|

o>*

i*j$^- proviaional

government
ij waqaha
_j

ij waqd fuel (also for motors) ij\ jifr maipan al-w. ooal oellar, ooal
storeroom

yaqihu

(*-

qyi,

qafyi),

waquha

^ij>

yauquhu (i^j

taqfyi, **-j

jJj waqid fuel


Jij

wuqha) and waqiha yauqahu (waqah) to


be Bhameless, impudent, insolent

mauqid

pl.

ailj*

mawqid*

fire-

do.;

place; hearth; stove;

boiler of a looo-

to behave impudently (J# toward s.o.), display insolent manners VI to display

motive

jUI

jSj

kerosene stove

impudence, behave in an

insolent

manner
in-

jlil iqd kindling, lighting, aetting


fire,

on

ignition

** qiha impudence, shamelessness,


solence, impertinenoe, sauciness

oiy tawaqqud burning, oombustion


in-

rJj

waqih impudent, Bhameless,

jU;I ittiqd burning, oombustion

solent, impertinent, aauoy, oheeky, for-

iy mauqid
ing
jSjZ*

kindled,

lit,

ignited, burn-

ward
-Uj waqh (m. and
f.)

pl. j

wuquh

mvtawaqqid
j-I
|

burning,

flaming,
fiery,

impudent, Bhamelesa, insolent, impertinent, sauoy, cheeky, forward

blazing

ii>i*

m.

arf-rftAn

impulsive, having a lively


inJLii.

mind

-Jj waqih impudent, shameless,


ward
i^-lij

muttaqid aflame, burning

solent, impertinent, sauoy, cheeky, for-

ijji_

mustauqad

hearth,

fireplace

O
waqha
impudenoe,
insolence,
3ij

bath heater, geyser


JLu

impertinence, sauciness, oheek, nerve


~**~j

waqada

yaqidu (waqd) to hit fatally,


feil

hit hard,

throw down,

s.o.)
ill

umqha impudenoe,

insolenoe,

impertinence, sauciness, oheek, nerve


jjj

XSj waqi4 * D(i *j* mauqd fatally


ij

waqada
IV to

.j

yaqidu (waqd t waqad, ij


fire,

waqara

jJu

yaqiru

(waqr)

to break,

vmqd) to take

ignite,

burn

II
|

and
ajl

fraoture, oraok (* s.th., esp. a bone);

. .

kindle, ignite, light (* s.th.)


s.th.

to be

aettled,

oertain,
|

an estabshed
jl

jUI *J (ndro) to set

on

fire

I;

faot; to stay,
Yiim it

remain

j Jj
.

to

to kindle, light, ignite (* s.th.) Vffl xul

was an establiahed

fact that
jj-Jl

taqada

I;

to break forth (anger), be


|

jU-

aroused

(zeal)

J (UU-) ij*

&\

(*

^ i

j Jj QpaladiM) do.; j (raJu) the pioture

>Jj

stood vividly

1089

before hia mental eye;

waqura Jji m
II

(j or
fall
feil

t-j

s.o.);

(waq') to rush, pounce,


|

j/auquru (jlij waqr, jljj waqra) to be


dignified,

(v upon

s.o.)

+**
feil

'j**j

they

sedate,

staid,

grave

to

to quarreling, they

out with one


he
feil

reapeot, honor, revere, reverenoe ( s.o.);

another; ^f-bU

Jj

(bi-aidihim)

to render grave or sedate


load,

( s.o.)

IV to
weigh

into their hands ; **-\y c-*

vj {hawssihi)
c**ij

brden, overload
to
(

(*
(*

a beast of
s.o.),

to enter s.o.'s rnge of perception, be-

brden);
heavily

oppress

oome

palpable,
(hubbihi)
c-*j

tangible for b.o.;

upon); to be overladen with

V
jj-l

she

feil

in love with

fruit (tree)

him; ^>_f
pl.

(harb)

war broke out;


has been dehe was found

yj
low

waqr

jj vmqr

oavity, hol-

Jj

(haqq)

the law
jJ-l

termined;
guilty;
~i)l

*J*

*j

j j

{fakb) to

walk into

*yj waqra oavity, hollow

the trap, get oaught in the snare;

vj

yj

wiqr

pl.

jlfjl

auqr beavy load,

<i^y

(Jarisatah) to fall viotim to s.o.,

brden

beoome a prey of s.o.; u&* j


(min qaibihi
/I

*JS $* aj
s.th.

makdnin) to take
s.th.

to

jj waqr gravity, sobriety, dignity, deportment oommanding respeot; sedatenew,


dignifled bearing

heart;

to

malte
B.th.;

one's

business,
(ffaui)

attend to

-L

J^iJl

he

was

oalled

upon to speak, he was given

jjij waq&r

grave, sedate; dignified;

the floor; jl t-

j ^j

it

oame to
...; jOlxJl

hia

venerable, reverend

mind,
<-Ju

it

ooeured to him to

vj

jy
jij*

tawaqqw

dignified bearing
re-

(kalm) the words impressed him,


bis heart,

went to

touohed him;

C-ij

muwaggar respeeted, held in

speot; venerable, reverend

**j {j- or) she has made an impression on him, Bhe has bewitched him; j ^j
Ulj* (hawhd) he
feil

in love with her; -*j


of,

Lf

^j

vxiqafia
(*)

j<i;

yaqipu to break

b.o.'s

neck
iiij

4Mj

(mauqi'ah) to Btand in place


for ;

stand

**>

jw j

**j

(/I

0a*r

wagafa
brutally
inflame,

J*u
(

yaqipt
II

(toaqi)

to

beat
incite,

maw?t'Ai) to be misplaced, stand in the

s.o.)

to
(*

arouse,

wrong

place,

be used

in

the

wrong
(fco*

whip up

B.th.,

e.g.,

pas-

oontext (word); LSj* u |^Ji j

sions)

lmu, mauqi'an) the words moved or


impressed him;
to fall;

Jj waqa'a Ju yaqa'u {fj wuq')


to
fall

Li-

-VI

C*

down, drop; to tumble; to come to pass, take place, occur; to happen


(J to s.o.), befall (J s.o.); to get
(

(mauqi'an Aa*iTKn) the matter pleased

him very much, was most welcome to


him;
it

in

^J\
his

#>*

X*

^j

(mauqi'a r-rifd)

Situation,

also,

e.g.,

in

fix);

to get

met

approval; Li>

^ji^ j Vj
vj
to

(Jl to), arrive (Jl at); to

come, run (J
fall

)*-

to

leave
i-jI

a strong, Bplendid ImI

aoross),
s.o.,

meet (J* with); to


biid); to

<J to

pression ;

y^-V
{*,

y*

cause
II

to s.o.'s lot or share); to alight, sat-

raised eyebrows, cause astonishment


let fall,

to

tle

down (J* on;


(

have sexual
;

drop

s.o.,

s.th.); to

cause

intexeourse

J with a woman) to be

di-

to

fall,

bring down, throw down, over

vided (j

into), oonsist (j of); to

be locat-

throw

(*,

s.o., s.th.);

to perform, carry

ed, be Bituated, lie {geogr.) ;

(*Jj waql'a)

out, exeoute (a s.th.); to enter, record,


register (J* or

to Blander, backbite, defame, disparage

* B.th. in or on); to

1090

sign (*

fl.th.);

ment on

s.o.);

to infliot (J* * a puniflhto play (J* on a musioal to

jij vmq' falling,


in,

fall,

tumble; setting

incidence (of an event), ocourence,

instrument);

bow
|

diasension

(ju

happening
i*Jj

between, among)

to Beize, oonfiscate,
B.th.;

J \jf ^j (hajzan) impound or distrain


**j

waqCa

pl.

*>Uj

waqSC*

ineident,

event, occurrenoe, happening; enoounter,


battle;

JjVl Jj^Vle

(W-I-oAru/i
(na/aAfi)

i-

pl. A*lij

happeningB, goingB on,

l) to initial B.th. ; *-iJ

vj

to

developments; factual findingB, factual


evidence, facta
(of a
legal

give

o.a.

up;

^1J-l JJ\ J*
(

j (aJ-uwtar
III

case);
facta
|

pro-

oZ-AoMd) to touoh the sensitive Spot

to

oeedingB (of an assembly);


mUi^II

Ji*
^TUtjJl

attaok (s.o.), fight


ual intercourae
let fall,
(l*
*

with)

to have sex-

daftar ed-w.

minute book;
Egyptian

with a woman) IV to
s.o., fl.th.);

ils+tt

(mifriya)

the

Offlcial

drop

{*,

to cause

Gazette (the oldest Arab newspaper)

to

fall,

bring down, throw down, over(*,

throw
s.o.

s.o., s.th.);

to plunge (j
get, land (j

Jj mauqi'
where
s.th.

pl.

S\_y

mawaqi'* plaoe

into

fl.th.,

aap.

fig.),

dropa or

falls

down;

place,

s.o. in

a Situation); to
{<->

fall (<-

upon

s.o.),

site, locality,

Spot; poeition (of a ship


Situation,

attack, assault
(._j

s.o.);

to score a hit

and
which

mtl.);

scene;

looation,

on)

to bow the seeda of discord, drive

poeition;

impreedon; Urne or date on


|

a wedge

fau

i>j
|

between
<J*

and)';

to

s.th. falls

J^L^I

!>. (sites of)

projeot (* B.th.)

_-ej\

gj\

(ar-

ruins;

Jk}\

\j m. an-nazar field (or

ru'ba

fi qalbihl)

to strike terror to a.o.'s


;

rnge) of viaion; *Jz* Jj* (mutaqaddim)

heart, frighten or scare b.o.

J* ji* Jjl

advanced

poeition

(m.);

f,y>JI

v|>

to

infliot

a puuishment on;

jS j

4*ij\

the orbits of the stars; Jj* Ji^w j&j i

to let s.o. walk into an

ambush V to
B.th.); to

JJI

iJli

*j

(mauft'a

wa^iAi)
the night

he
it

expeot, anticipate (* B.th.); to prepare


o.b.,

did not

wait (*

for); to

dread {*

be
to

was at
(at

know what time of that moment; see

also waqa'a

inflioted

(J

on

s.o.;

punishment), be

end of

illustrative phrasee)
pl. *#l^.

passed (J* against

a.o.;

judgment)

4j*

mauqa'a

matoaqi'* battle-

expect, antioipate, dread (* B.th.), feel

field; fighting,
l*Ju*

oombat, battle

uneasy, be ooncerned (* about), look

forward with apprehension

(* to)

miqa'a devioe for sharpening or

honing; grindstone, whetstone

Jj waq'
fall,

falling,

dropping, tumbling;
*,jj

drop, tumble; thump, thud, blow;


occurrenoe,
inoidenoe;
efifeot;

tauqV

dropping;

Performance,

happening,

im|

oonsummation, exeoution; diaoharge, undertaking (of an act or aotion) ; infliotion


(of

pression (s.th. makes),

impact
pl-Jl
*J

pUVI j
*L*J

footfall,

footstepa;

a punishment); entering, recording,


|

heavy

footfall;

Jj

j--l

S"

registration; (pl. -dt) signature


'

&j

^r-^AJl

j (aheanu
pl.

waq* in) to

make

the best

(^i> *
of;

or)

signed by, from the

impresaion on everyone

pen
drop, tumble;
jolt; ineident,

>JI

J*+*

(mvhmal) without

signature, unsigned

Uj waq'a

waqa't

fall,

thump, thud, blow; shock,


meal, repast

^yuijj tavqfl
f-lij

rhythmio(al)

occurrenoe; enoounter, oombat, battle;

wiqS' coition, sexual intercourae

f-lij Iqtf pl. -SA

rhythm; projeotion

f-j

waqqS"

and

5*lj

waqqtfa

tale-

bearer, scandalmonger, Blonderer

jclij iqd'i rhythmio(al)

1091

<*JJ

*y tawaqqu* expeotation; antioipation


*lj todgi' faing,

a.th.); to

uae the pausal form, pronounce


i'rb

dropping, tumbling;
actual,
real,

a word without
rise,

ending (gram.); to

ocourring,
faotual;

happening;

get up, stand up, get on one'a feet;


o.a.,

material,

corporeal,

tangible

to plant

Station

o.a.,

atand ereot,

event, faot, matter of faot; faotual Undings,

hold

o.a. erect;

to atand; to stand on end

faotual

evidenoe,

facta;

located,

(hair); to withstand, reaiat, oppoae; to

situated
reality,

(jjeogr.);

transitive {gram.); g\j\


|

the real, material world

Uilj

take up poaition (J* at); to atand (^ by a.o.), stick (^ to s.o.), aide (^ with
s.o.),

ttqCan or g\J\
effeot,

J
aa

or

j*y\ \j

in

support, back

(^

a.o.);

with
B.th.,

foll.

indeed,

matter

of faot,

partioiple: to continue to

aotually, really, in reality; \jt bi-ioaqi'i

doing

a.th.;

do

keep
o.s.

(wuqf) to ocoupy

to the

amount of (with

fall,

flgure);

s*
Jlj

*lj untrue, unreal; intransitive {gram.);

(J* with), attend (J* to), go in for (J*); to read (J* a.th.); to apply o.a., devote
o.a.

v'jJI

j-Vl

the aooomplished

fact;

(J* to); to take an interest, be

in*

JU-1 faotual findinga, faotual


facta; T
^iljjl

evidence,
....

terested

(anna)
fact

it ia

a faot that
. . . ;

(J* in); to inquire, seek information, inform o.a. (J* about); to (J* of); to understand,
a.th.);

as

a matter of
*IjJI

. . . ,

actually

jj

learn, be informed

j*i*

(<Jna,

bi-kaflrin)
..u ^ilj

far

from

comprehend, graap, learn (J*

to
ac-

being true;

o^^Jl

j-

(tjitttt)

come

to

know

(J*

a.th.),

become
B.th.);

aocording to the data contained in theso


regia tera
***\j

quainted ( J with); to know J* (


arrest, halt, atop (*,

(waqf) to bring to a standBtill, to a atop,


*

a.o.,

a.th.),

wqi'a inoident, ocourrenoe, event;

put

an end

happening, development; fact; aocident,

(* to s.th.); to hinder, prevent,


(*,

hold back
from); to

mishap; fighting, combat, battle


j-i\j

or

l->

b.o., a.th.,

ja or j*

make dependont,

conditional

wqi'i

actual,

real;

de

facto;
(

J* *

s.th. on), pass.

wvqifa to depend, be

realiatio; positive; poaitiviatio (philo*.)

conditional

(J* on); to appriae, inform,


s.o.
teil,

5-Jtj wqi'iya reality


*j-

mutmqqi' signing; eigner, aigna-

notify (J* a.o. of), acquaint (J* with), let a.o. (.) know J* about) ; to
(

tory

adviae, inatruct
b.o.'s
()

(J*

a.o.

about), call

Jj muwaqqa* entered, recorded,


iatered; aigned

reg-

attention (J* to); to donate,

graut, oreate, inatitute

(J* a.th. for a pioua or obaritable purpoae), bequeath

gjU mutatmqqa" expected, antioipated;


auppoaed, preeumable, probable, likely
J

aa a religioua
a.th. to)
;

to

endowment or wakf (J* * make over, bequeath, transfer


to dedicate, conaeorate,

Ol

v>il ja

it ia

expected that

. .

(J* *

s.th. to);

JiJj

waqafa JJu yaqifu (waqf, Jtjtj wuqf) to come to a atandstill, come to a atop;
to stand
still;

devote (J* * a.th. to a purpoee); to aa* sign, appoint (* a.th., J to, to a purpoae),
deaignate, set apart (* B.th.,
for

to place

o.a.,

poat

o.a.,

Station

o.a.,

take one'a stand, step (Jy

J for a purpoae); to apply, devote


o.a.,

a.th.,

{<-J
|

on

a.th.),

atand (y on, jj in the


(.u*

way

nafaah

J to

a.th.,

to a task)
(e.g.,

JJ
to

of a.th.); to stop
ahort of,

or

at; Jl at,

qif halt! trafflc


reaiBt,

(command); stop!

on a

to reach, extend to, go aa

sign);

<uU

Jaj (am&mah)
B.th.,

far aa); to halt; to pause; to hesitate,

oppoae, atop

put an end to

waver, have doubta or Bcrnples (J in

a.th.;

<JU- Jl

Jj

to be on a.o.'a aide;

Wlij

1092

jLj
left;

Jl Jtij

(yasrihi) to stand

at his

arrest, seize,

apprehend, capture

{ s.o.);

ji 1-U J*ij (saddan) to riae aa an

to Buppress,

ban
* s.o.

{*

a newBpaper); to

obstacle in the

way

to

s.th.,

stand in the
will

aoquaint (J

with), inform, notify,

way to

s.th.; ^i *ij>
its)

tji V nothing

stand in his (or


stop him (or
it);

way, nothing oan

Ij-'U

JJj

to be in

apprise (J* s.o. of), let s.o. () know (J about); to teil, advise, instruot (J* s.o. about), call s.o.'s (*) attention J* to); (
to donate, grant, oreate, Institute (J* * a pious or charitable purpose),

quandary, at a

loss

what to doj J

i_ij

jU-I (hiyd) to remain neutral, observe


strict

s.th. for

neutrality;
I-;'mW)

(dgt

to

J -lA-i jU J* throw o.s. into

.JiSj

bequeath as a religious endowment or

s.th.,

wakf (J* *

s.th. to); to

bequeath,

make

identify o.s. with s.th., go to great lengtha,

make every
ibUl jJJ.

effort in order to
(Safiri l-halk)

. . . ;

J i_j

to be on the

brink of ruin, be about to perish;


. .

Jj

(J apart (J* * s.th. for); to devote (J# * s.th. to a purpose); to spend (* efforts, J*
for)
|

over, tranafer {J * s.th. to); to aasign, appoint * s.th. to), designate, set

4*.
. . .

x*

(Aaddt) to stop at or short


fax as
. . .

4*^*1

<_jijl

(htimdmah) to
XJcJ

of

go as
f.)

j*>tf *- j

j Jj

oonoentrate on;

&-I

Jj\

(Um*

(wujhi

to offer s.o. resistance, stand


s.o.
;

flda l-hukm) to stay the ezecution of a

up against
to

,> ^*h*

*-**J

(mavqifan)

sentenoe, grant a reprieve; to stay the

assume an attitude, take a stand

execution (of a judgment in a


arrest a

civil case),

toward or with regard to; lj* wj


*jJ.I *jl.

judgment

(jur.);

jjJS

iS^*- ._iijl

(miTuh l-hazm) to assume an

(harakata
J**I1

l-murr)

to

obstruct trafflc;
s.o.

attitude of utmost determination ;


\Juj
'*Jlmj

JJj

j *j\ ('amal) to relieve

of his

(waqjan) to assume a posture; Jtij


(waqfatan) to stand
attitude;
s.o.
still;

post,
halt,

remove

s.o.

from

office

to stop,

to assume
("anal)

oome to a

stop, put in a Btop, stop

an

J**H

j ij

to

over; to oome to a Btandstill; to stand


still;

suspend

from duty

II to bring to

to reach a deadlook

(fig.,

of nego-

Standstil], to

a stop, arrest, halt, stop,

tiations,

and the
quit
(

like)

to pause (j* in an

hold up, check, stunt, obstruct, trammel,

aotivity),

suspend, interrupt
(j
s.th.,
;

(^

s.th.);
B.th.),

hamper, slow down


park
(*

(*,

s.o., s.th.);

to

to

atop,

doing

an automobile); to

reise, ereot,

discontinue abatain
(

s.th.)

to deeist, refrain,

set up, set upright, place in

an upright
{ s.o.);

j from) ; to waver, be un(

Position (* s.th.); to arrest, seize to

deoided, hesitate

in s.th.) ; to depend,

hold back, restrain, keep, prevent

(je

s.o.

from); to aoquaint (J*

s.o.

with); to Institute

religious

endowment
|

be dependent, conditional (J* on); to rest, be baaed (J* on), be due (J* to); to consist (J in) VI to fight eaoh other;
to meet in battle

or wakf ( J for the benefit of, in favor of )


.u-

to ask

s.o.)

to

X*

<iij

(haddihi) to put b.o. in his

stop; to bring to a stop, to stop, halt,

proper place IV to
set
;

make

(* s.th.) stand,

hold up, detain, oheok, impede, obstruct,

up (* s.th.) to bring to a standstill, to

trammel, hamper, bIow down


s.th.), stunt, arrest (* B.th.);
()

(*, * s.o.,

astop, arrest, halt, stop, hold up, check,


stunt, obstruct, trammel, hamper, slow

to give s.o.
(*)

pause; to call on a veaael

to stop;

down
break

(*, s.o., s.th.);

to stop, suspend,

to try to hold or retain; to hold (* s.th.;


fig.)
|

stay, discontinue, interrupt (* s.th.); to


off,

jlii

.JJjiJ (nafarah) to catch

sever (* relations); to postpone,

s.o.'s

eye, arouse s.o.'s attention; iJu^-l

put

off,

delay, defer (*

an

aotivity); to

LU^l to arrest the attention

1093

*-*i
stop; pause;

Jj vaqf stopping, stop; halting, halt;


'

period, fll stop (punoStation,

discontinuation, suBpension, stay, standstill;

tuation

mark);

way

Station,

pausing, resting; Stagnation, du-

speoif. that

on Mount 'Arafat during the

ness, listlessness (of the market);

pause

Pilgrimage; attitude, stand, policy; eve


of a religious festival, also IJ\ *ji
|

{gram.)
tion
;

ohecking,

restraining,
hitch,

preven-

intemiption,

impediment,

jmuJI

-uJI

<j w. aWi
r

afi-paQir

the day

obstacle,

obstruction ;

Suspension
offloe,

from

preoeding ld
ing the

at-fifr,

the Feast of BreakIst

duty,

removal

from

discharge,

Ramadan Fast on the


'id
al-aiui,

day of day
of

dismissal;

blocking
(of

(of

an

aocount),
(pl.

Shawwal; jSl\ -Ul Hij


preceding

stoppage
auqf)

salaries);

(kablr) the

JUj!

the

Feast

religious

endowment,
;

wakf,

Immolation on the lOth day of Zu'lhijja


<Jlij

"habous"
general),

(ll. Law) endowment (in endowment fund; unalienable


|

waqq&f

overseer,

Supervisor,

warden, keeper

property

Jp luj ulT [waqfan) to


on; J*

be
re-

completely dependent
strioted to; J*l

Lj

J*yj wuqf stopping, stop;

halting,

JjAj (aMi),
<Jjij

^U- Jj
estate
in

halt; standing; stand, stance; (with

J*:)

(kw) or

(tr.)

ji

w. furriya family

study, pursuit, occupation (with), search,


inquiry (into), investigation, cognizanoe,

endowment,

private

wakf,

mortmain entailed
its

in Buoh a

prooeeds will accrue to


family,

manner that the members


go to a
(4ri),

knowledge,
sion; (7*1.

understanding,

oomprehenrights; pl.

Law) abeyance of

of the donor's

and, after the

of

<_lj

w&qif standing
pl.

death of
charitable

its

last

descendant,

Jp mauqij
(bus,
train,

Jlj- mawqif1 stop-

purpose;

&j*publio

Jj

ping plaoe; Station; (cab, etc.) stand;


eto.)

(tun.) [*U <Jj

(mm)

endowment,

Btop ;

parking
stop;

lot,

ehdowment-^set apart for a charitable


or religious purpose, publio wakf; ^Uli
Jjll

parking
site;

plaoe ;

stopover,

place,

scene, scenery;

position, posture;

nfir

al-w.

administrator of

an

Situation ; attitude ; stand, position, opinion


|

endowment,

trustee, ourator; Jljj1/I the

<Jj*~ i_i>* (harbt) strategio Situation;

wakf System, estates in mortmain; jljj JUjV the ministry entrusted with government supervision of estates in
I

^LJ^ll

*J>*

(nydH)

political

Situation
t

jlofr iJiijA ("add'i)

hoste attitude; j*7^*


Sit-

muhaimin

al-m. master of the

mortmain,
jLJl

wakf ministry

J^lUI

iJJj

uation; j* <j* bis attitude toward, hia

w. iflq

annr

cease-fire (mtl.); rjjj


"j*.
JS'l

stand with regard to


iJlJjj

-jLJI

stay of ezeoution (jur.);

iauqlf raising, setting


,

ijui^l (kubza l-w.) to have independent means of subsistence, have a Binecure

up, erecseizure,

tion ;

apprehonsion

detention,

arrest; parking

Jij waqfi of or pertaining to endowments or the wakf System, wakf- (in

JtUjJ %qj raising, setting up, ereotion;

Compounds)
<Jj waqfiya

apprehension, detention, seizure, arrest;


stopping,
halting,

ohecking,

arresting,

wakf System, endowment

stunting,

trammeling,

hampering,

im-

syBtem;

list

of religious endowments, of

peding, obstruction ; stoppage, Suspension


(e.g.,

the estates in mortmain; original oharter


of a

of work); intemiption, disoontin-

wakf
(n. vic.)

uation; postponement, deferment, delay,


pl. -t

*mj waqfa
stand,

standing,
halt,

stay, arrest ;

removal from
notice,

office,

Buspenj

stance;

position,

posture;

sion

from duty;

notifloation

*-*J

1094

XJlz}\
jfA-1

Lil stay of ezeoution


f.

(jur.);

two

different groups of islands (ona east

vjlil

al-hvkm artest
JtLiJ
(jur.);
f.

-of

judgment
ad-daf*

of China, the other located in the Indian

O'ur.); j^*oJI

ad-da'wd stay of

Ooean)
Jijij
1

prooeedingB

**ll

lil

I.

delay of payment, respite, moratorium;


J**Jt

waqwaq oaokoo

JUul

f.

ai-'amoi Suspension of

work

Sj

Jvy

taioaqguf halt, Cassation, stand-

J ya& <*"$y. jl*j w^dya) to guard, preserve (* s.th.) take good care
(*
of);

WQ

sti; pause; stopover, stop (also,

of an air-

to

safeguard,

ahield,

shelter,

plane); hesitation,

wa vertag; dependenoe
(<fo/*)

preserve, proteot, keep (*

s.o.

from),

(J* on) | ^Ull je kJJ^Jl sion of payment (jur.)

Suspen-

guard
or

(*

. s.o.

against); to proteot, offer


(*

afford

protection

against);

to
Till
of),
o.s.,

prevent, obviate (* a danger)


Jij uxlgt/ atopping, halting, to a atop; standing
still,

V and

ooming
Jjl

ittaq

to beware,

be wary (*

rootionless,

at

guard, be on one's guard, proteot

rest; staoding; upright, ereot; aoquaint-

make
Gd;
fear

sure {* against)

ed, familir (J* with s.th.); byatander, speotator, onlooker (during a street Bcene) wakif, donor of a
stantly,

dl Jjl to fear
(OT*)
(lit.:

'^

J*-

*'

J!

to to

God with

regard to

s.th., i.e.)

wakf

J\J\

J*

in-

spar s.th. or deal meroifully with s.th.


for fear

on the spot, right away, at onoe;


habba wdqifan to get on one's stand up,
rise

of God, show regard for s.th. for

Llj

*_-*

God's sake,
soienoe

make

s.th.

a matter of oon-

feet, get up,

<Jjij*

mauqf

arreated, stopped; aus-

pended; interrupted, discontinued; delayed, poetponed, deferred; apprehended,

jj waqy
lij

protection; safeguard

waqiT, xpiq' protection; prevention

detained, arrested; peraon nnder arrest,


prisoner; Buspended from duty,

itjjj

wiqya proteotion ;

prevention

removed

preoaution; obviation, averting; defense


(j* against); Prophylaxis (med.)
*jjX-\
|

from

offlce; entailed

through an endow;

jI^JI

ment, established as a wakf unalienable,


in

oljUI j* (jawwlya)
lijJl

anti-aircraft

mortmain; donated, granted,


dedioated, devoted;

inati-

defense;

ol-w mu'adddt al-w.

aafety

tuted;

designated,

devioe
lij

set apart, reserved (J* for); dependent, oonditional (J* on); based, resting (J

waqqya protective oovering


wiq/Tl

on); abeyant, in abeyance (rights; Ist.

Jlij
(fibb)

preventive

JlijJI

<^UI

Low)

4-L JjijW benefloiary or usuof

prerentive medioine, Prophylaxis


proteoting; proteotor, pre-

fructuary
(arfi)

vakf;

jijll

^*'jVI

Jj waqiy

the estates in mortmain; ^-*V

server, guardian
tfjjj

Jj*j- diaqualified player (athUt.);

*S"U1

o>jxl {qaida l-muhdhama) detalned


trial

taqwd godliness, devoutness, piety

pending inveetigation, oommitted for


JiijL

JJ tuqan godliness, devoutness, piety J7 taqiy


pl.

mutawaqqif dependent,

oondi-

LEI atqiya** godfearing,

tional

J* on)

godly, devout, pious

J*j
l

to cslimb,

moont

*Ju tagiya fear, oautlon, prudenoe; (in


Shiitie

Islam)

dissnulation

of

one's

j|yj waqutiq and Jlylj u/utig in the descriptions of Arab geographers, name of

religion (nnder dureas or in the face

of

threatenlng damage)

1095

cf>
II

Jlj

wqin preserving, guarding, propreventive,


;

jS"j

to

make

fast,

fasten {*
(*

s.th.);
B,th.);

to
to
as-

tecting;

preservative,

pro-

oorroborate,

substantiate
(*
s.th.);

phy lactic
teotor
|

protective ;

guardian,

pro-

oonfirm,

affirm

to

give

fij\

j* lj
'j

(rth)

proteoting from
protective

aurance

(* of), aaaert (* s.th.)

to be

the

wind;
Jlj

frjJ

(dir')

corroborated, substantiated, asserted, affirmed,


fact),
j"j

annor;

**Ji~*

(fiafha)

flyleaf;
liii.

duat

oonfirmed; to

ascertain

(j*

cover, jacket, wrapper; *J\j

(mizaUa)

make

sure, oonvinoe o.s. (j* of)


deaire, intention, aim,

parachute; lj
i5lj
fr

.JiU**

(mi'faf) raincoat;

wakd wish,
end,

Li gaa

maak
goal,

purpoae, object,
effort,

aspiration,

Jlj tqiya protection, shelter, sfaield;

endeavor,

attampt

a preventive, a preservative
Ji* muttaqin godfearing, godly, devout,

jSj walnd corroborated, substantiated,


oonfirmed; sure, certain; positive

pious

' vj
in

jSjS wiqiya
()

taulnd

pl.

-dt,

jS\jj

tawkid*

^yfi (*y0 a weight,

confirmation; affirmation, assurance; assertion;

Eg.

Via ra#

37 g ; in Aleppo

emphasis,

stress;

(gram.)

in-

320

g, in Beirut

=
tSjl

213.39 g, in Jerusalem

tenaifying Opposition; pleonasm


j"j*

240g
VIII
ittaka'a

muwakkad

sure,

certain,

definite

l^ V and

to

Support

j"ji*

mutawakkid

sure, certain,

posi-

one'a weight (J* on), lean (J* against, on); to recline (J* in a chair, and the
like)
JlSsJ

tive,

convinced
pl. jlfjl

jfj wakr

auhr, jjfj

umkr

nest,

tukaa

bird's neat; aerie; habitation, abode, restaff; aupport,

prop, stay;
treat;

back

(of a chair, etc.); idler, lazybones

aircraft

hangar
|

^j^!\ Jfj

den of robbers
jS^J tauwfcfcu' resting, leaning, reclinS^Sj

wakra

pl.

ing
Ifcl
ittik'

wukar

bird's nest

resting,

leaning,

reclin-

"j ivakaza^j yakizu [wakz) to strike with


the
fist ( s.o.);

ing
iSc*

to thrust, push, hit; to

multob'

spur (* a horse); to pierce, transfix (^


pl.

-<

support, prop,
s.o.

with)

stay; cushion, pd; sofa; couch


t_-Sj

wakaba <__& yakibu


advance slowly
escort
(

(tvakb,

^jfj wukb,

iJ

Sj

waka&a U~S>J yakisu (waka) to decline


reduce, lower (* the value or price
pass.

in value, depreciate; to decrease, diminish,

lS~j

wakabn) to walk slowly, proceed


III

or

to

accompany

of);
s.o.),

wukisa

to

auffer

losaes

(in

s.o.,

* s.th.); to

convoy,
business) II to decrease, diminiah, reduce,

accompany
>-Sj*

as military eacort (* a.th.)


pl.

lower (* the value of)


iJ

maukib

<*\j*

mawkib 2 pa-

Sj

waks decline, drop (of value or


depreciation
;

rade, pageant; procesaion;


cort,

mounted
|

ea-

price);
seil

loas
|

^-T^Ij

frl*

to

retinue,

cortege;

triumph

^j*
_i^.

at a loss

JjpLUI torchlight procession;


!

jLA-l

m.

al-jaiiza funeral procession

S"j waku'a

*T^ yauku'u

(l*tfj

wak'a) to

^"Lr muwkaba

military escort, con-

be hard, strong, sturdy

voying, convoy duty

U_* mika'a plowahare

^
jj wakafa
leak
cJiSj

1006

<_*& yakifu (wakf, US'j waba*

ujU

J*Sj

w.

muhrib)

private

first

fdn) to drip, trickle; to be defective

and

clasa (Eg.);

^jLf'U

J-T staff Sergeant

.); J>J* JA. JijU


wakf leaking, leak (of a ship)
j
yalcilu
-i*lf
u>.

JA

(1939
JaiL*

JA
^Sj
Com-

mujhid) sergeant;
offleer

noncommissioned
JSj

(Tun.);

wahala

(wakl

and

JjSj with

pany
(Syr.,

sergeant- major,

master

sergeant
al-haqq

vmkl) to entrust

(Jl * s.th. to s.o.,

mil); fUl jJ-l

JA

u>.

s.th. s.o.). assign (Jl

* a.th. to

s.o.).

com-

al-'mm

government

commiasioner

at
u>.

mission, Charge {* Jl s.o. with), put s.o.


(J!)

Tunisian courte (Tun.);


qunfii

J~*J

JA

in

charge (* of)

II

to authorize,

vice-oonsul; jX*
direotor;
ijljjJ'

empower, appoint as repreaentative or


agent
(i_>

deputy

JA w. mudtr JA underon others,

s.o.);

to put

s.o. (*) in (*

Charge

secretary of State

of),

engage as legal counsel

an at-

4&j tukala one

who

relies

torney, jp or

in

a matter in dispute);
fll

who

is

inoapable of attending to bis

own

to invest

s.o.

() with

power, give
in);

s.o.

affairs
J

power of attorney
(._>

(j
III

to entrust
iTj

wakla

pl.

-dt
fll

representation,

to

s.o.

B.th.)

to be on a cons.o.),
(

deputyship, prozy;
attorney;

power, power of
(Eg.)
|

fidential basis (

with

be in a Pos.o.);

management; agenoy;

sition of

mutual tniBt

with

to
inn, caravansary, resthouse,

khan

*JlTj

trust
s.th.,

{ s.o.)

IV to entrust, aesign
s.o.)

(J! *

LJVl w. aJ-anM*
ice;

news agency, wire Serv-

a task, to

to be appointed as

jl+iVl *J6j w. al-t^Ar advertising

reprsentative or agent,

take over

or

agenoy
J*Sjj tovJbU
tive, agent,

act as (legal) repreaentative ; to aot as

commiasioner,

as

agent,

or

<j in
(i_j

a.th.);

to take

upon

o.a.,

by prozy assume

appointment as repreaenta-

deputy, or prozy, delegation

s.th.); to

be reaponsible, anawerable,

of authority;

authohzation

power of

answer, vouch (^ for), guarantee, Warrant

attorney, fll power; Warrant of attor-

(v

s.th.);

to rely, depend (J* on), place


|

ney
jTy? tawakkul trust, oonfidenoe; trust in

one's confidence (J* in), trust (J* in) \fy * trust in God, put o.a. in

^$

God; pasaivity of

living (of the early

God's hands VI to trust eaoh other; to


reaot with indifferenoe, be noncommital,

ascetios
JS'ljJ

and mystics)

tawhd mutual oonfidenoe or

indifferent

VIII

J&l

takala
in)

to rely,
trust; indifference

depend (Je on), trust (J*

jKjl
J-T, walAl pl. **&j wukal'* authorized

ittikl

trust, oonfidenoe, reliance

repreaentative, attorney in fact, proxy;


(business)
vice- ;

JS^*

muwakk

constituent, principle,

manager; head clerk; deputy,


trustee ;

mandator

agent ;

mandatary, de-

$j* muwakkal oommissioned, oharged


(*->

fense

counsel; attorney, lawyer; (Syr.,


|

with), in charge
(i_>

(>_>

of), reaponsible,

m.) approz.: technical Sergeant


(j^U*- V
1

J-T,

answerable

for)

in Tunis,

commiasioner for estates


(bbatvi)

JS^i. mutawakki: i^J\

in

mortmain; j^jUI Jr^'

papal

V^

ALI'

(mamiaio, yamantya) the Yemenite King-

legate; j^l il^L j_T, w. bulk


,>*!

amin (1939

dom

(offleial

designation)

J-Sj)approi.: quartermaster oorporal


v>.

(m.; Eg.)\ ^Lijl J-f,

onbH (1939

fp

mJbim offensive, hurting (word)

1097

J*
follow, reault

umkn) Jfj wakana jS yakinu {wahn, ^Tj


to brood, Bit

(>

from) VI to propagate,

on

its

eggs (bird); to hatch,

reproduoe, multiply

incubate (J* or * eggs)

want
bird's nest,
B.th.

children; to

by generation X to want the generation


{^* *

jT| uxtkn
aerie
IcT,

pl.

Ujfj

umkn

(j* * of s.th. from),

want to produce

from)
tvalad
pl.

wakna, umkna
1* *
1

.Jj
pl. n*fciinf

a^jl

auld,
;

Jj

umld

nest

descendant, offspring, scion


J'j uwJr 5^.
J/*

ohild ; son
(coli.)

to tie

up

{*

a waterskin,

boy; young animal, young one;


progeny, ofFspring, ohildren
|

or the

like)
trijfc'

UjJI

jJj

u>.

Sj

pl,

i-Sjl

aufciya thong or

az-zin'
iiO.1 w.

illegitimate ohild,

bastard;

-Jj

Btring for tying

up a waterskin
(*i-

or bag

al-miSana child whose paterl*i li'n (q.v.) (Ist.

nity

is

oontested by

lj walaja Jb
to enter
(

yaliju

ty'a,

gjj

umlj)

Law)
jJ j

Jl

or *
|

B.th.,

into s.th.), penetrate

walda childbirth, birth

JCj\

jJ

v^Ul j to go in by the door IV to make (* s.th.) enter (j s.th.


(Jl or * into)
eise)
;

IjJj

she gave birth to two at a time


childbirth, birth; (pl. jJ lidn,

to

introduoe,

inaert,

interpoae,

SoJ lida

intromit,
into)

interpolate, thruet
I;

(j * s.th. take upon

cIaJ

lidi)

person

of

the

Barne

age,

V =

to engage

contemporary; coetaneoua
i"lfj

(* in),

o.a. {* s.th.)

wilda parturition, childbearing,


j

rjj umlj

penetration, entering, entry

childbirth, birth, confinement, delivery

<Lm

Sj^j (jnu'ajjala) premature birth;


j.u-

<mJj wallja intim ate friend, confidant;


secret depth (of the heart)
j-^jl xlj insertion,

j^i
oVj

newborn

V^il

i*

'um

al-w. obetetrica (med.)

intromission, inter-

wallda frequently producing off-

position, interpolation, intercalation


i-j^

Bpring,

bearing

many

children;

fertile,

mavlij

pl.

!> mawlij* entrance

prolific, fruitful

l\j<.

aee

pU
-iL

iJj wald frequently producing


pring,

off-

bearing

many

children; fertile,

jJj

walada
jJ^.

yalidu

(oVj
bear

wilda,

jJ

Z2a,

prolific, fruitful; littering,

having young

mauteJ)
(

to

ohild),

give

birth

to); to beget, generate, proereate;


j

i^Jj umldlya childishness, puerility

to bring forth, produce (* B.th.) to have a child

<o OJJj
II to

jJj walxd
child,

pl.

jIjj

wildn newborn

by

b.o.

(woman)
produce

baby; boy, aon; young, new; (with


the produet
of,

aasist in childbirth

(U a woman; of a

foll. genit.)

the result

of,

midwife)
B.th.

to

generate,

(^
(

occaaioned by,

engendered by, Sprung

from); to engender, breed, cause, a

from

c*U

JJj w. saatihi coneeived


(idea, plan,

occasion, (* B.th.); to bring up, raise


child)

on the spur of the moment


etc.)

IV to
|

make (U
UJjl

woman) bear
he got her

children

^btU

(pian)

jJj walida pl.


girl; girl;

Aj"ifj

wal'id1 newborn

with child
(^j-

Vto be

born; to be descended

produet

from

b.o.);

to be generated, produced

(^

from), be brought forth, be engender-

oJj vmlaid Utile child jJ maulid


plaoe;
pl.
jA\j*

ed, bred, cauaed, occaaioned (ja by); to


originate, grow, develop, arise, prooeed,

mawlid? birth-

birthday; anniversary, birthday

Jjj

1098

of a saint (also Chr.)


^-Jl -Jj*

<>-Jl JJjil
|

(nabawi),

genitor; obstetrioian, accoucheur;


-t)

(pl.

m. on-naiiy the J*rophet's birthii)

generator

(techn.)

jW^' ^j* "*

day; Jjil

Zu^oi a2-m.

mother tongue,

at-tayyr or Jlt^S* jJj- {kahrab&l) generator,

native language

dynamo;

O vj^'
^ ji

->W^ -^j-

oi-

*%* mild
Jgilj^

pl.

xJlj-

matvlP birth;
pl.

t.

al-mutandwib alternating-ourrent gen-Jj*

time of birth, nativity; birthday;

erator, alternator; <*j*jU


Hl jAj*

ozygen;
atomio

age classes, age groups {recruitment,


|

hydrogen;

aJj- (tfam)

etc.)

y^LLI

o-c

'id

aJ-m.

Christmas

reactor
IjJj* jSj*

(CAr.);

j^-il

-AJl >*-*

only j^U.1

JJ

before Christ, B.C.;

Jy (sayy) or uUwJ

muwaida

pl. -t

midwife
begotten,
pro-

muwaad

born,

jjljil nuqfln al-m. falling birth rate

duced, generated; brought up, raised;

t^a^L* mtidf birthday- (in

Compounds)
after

born and raised among rabs (but not


of pure rab blood)
;

relating
Christ,

to the

birth

of Christ;

not truly old Arabio,

A.D.

<>>%* i-- (aana) year of

introduced later into the language, postclassical (esp. of

the Christian era


oJjS
taiUid

words)
(pl.

half-breed, half-

caste,

half-blood;

-t)

product;
(also,

pl.

procreation,

begetting;
jJiijL\

the

postclassical

recent)

generation, producing, produotion; mid-

Arab authors
wifery, assistance at childbirth, delivery
|

>JI

jIj

and

oJjdl
;

<*,

(mafloAAa)

ijjj vxdana ohildhood; childish triok, puerility

matemity
iJtj^SOl

home

J-J^JI

/ann

ai-(.

obstetrics, midwifery;
jill

.Uy (iL*

or) J-*.
t.

ma'mal (mahaffat)
electrio

al-q

,jjj

walaaa ^-L
cheat,

yalisu {wals)
(

to deceive,
to
{

wa al-kahrabaiya
J">Lil

power Station;

dupe

s.o.)

III

play
s.o.);

the
to

oJjJ "generation of the crescent",

hypocrite;

to double- cross
distort
(l->

the

first first

appearance of the new

moon on

misrepresent,

s.th.)

IV to

the

day of the month

misrepresent, distort

(l-

s.th.)

Jiijj

tawallud generation, production

^Jj wala

fraud,

deceit,

deception;

cunning, craft, double-dealing, duplicity


j^JL-l istild generation, produotion

LJlj*
jJIj

muwiosa

fraud,

deceit,

de-

wlid proareator, progenitor; father,


jljJi_>Jl

oeption; cunning, craft, double-dealing,


duplicity

parent;

the parents, father and iJj

mother

waU

volt
}ji
fire,

(el.)

ij}\j

wlida

pl. -t

mother; parturient

woman, woman

in childbed

Jj wali'a
oatoh

yaula'u {wala',

fjj
(l-

wal') to

jaJij wltdl paternal


}j>y>

burn; to be dead set (^ on),


after),

be

mad
(^

(l~>

be crazy

about), be

mauld produced,

born,

oome

into the world; birth; birthday;


Jl}\j*

passionately fond love

(^

of),

be madly in

{pl.

with); to glow with enthuaiasm

mawlid2 ) newborn baby, Infant;


the
three

(v

for),

be enthusiastio

(l-

about) II to
(* to); to

child, son; pl. JJ\j* creations, novelties,

kindle, Light (* s.th.), set

fire

nouveautes

iJ^ill

J_Jl_jl(

make
of)

s.o.)

crave

(t~>

s.th.),

inflame
(l-*

kingdoms of nature
jJj*

s.o.'s () desire

(^

for),

enamor
to

s.o.

muwallid generating, producing,

IV

II;

pass.

li'a

ba fond,

procreative, generative; procreator, pro-

enamored (^ of

s.th.),

be very devoted,

1099

J>
<ljj

be given beht
(

(o* to); to
;

be dead
(

set,

be

hell-

tawauh distraction, utter


giddiness,

con-

v on)

to be in love

v with)

fusion,

hare-brainedness ; in-

jjj waia' paasionate lore; ardent de*

fatuation
*Jlj

sin, oraving; passion

wlih distracted, confused, bewil-

Jj

wali*

madly

in love

dered, out of one's wits, giddy, hare-

brained; grief-strioken, deeply afflicted


JjJj twjJ' greed, oraving, oager deaire; lore

J>u mtdawaUih
bewildered,

distraoted, confused,

out

of one's wits, giddy,

Vj waWCa
jj_y

(oigarette) lighter

hare-brained

touwu* paasionate lore; ardent

deaire, oraving; pasaion

^jm mala'
hell-bent
(*_j (*_j

in lore
on),

Jjj walwala
with)
;

to cry

"woe"; to lament, wa,

dead

aet,

howl, break into loud wails


~*}j)j

(^

mad (^

after),

crazy

abont); pasaionately fond, enamored

walwala

pl.

JjVj wal&wiP

wail-

of

s.th.);

enthusiastio
for)

(^

about),

ing, wails

fll

of enthuaiasm (^

Jj waliya

Jj yalf to

be near

s.o.

or

s.th. {,

gj

walafa L yoJo?u (uw#,


liok,

^j

wuifl^) to

*),

be close

(*, to), lie

nezt (* to); to

lap (eap., of a dog); to defile (j s.o.'s


^jJI
|

adjoin (*
follow (*,

s.th.),

be adjacent (* to); to
to border (* on);

honor)

j j

(dam) to taste blood,

s.o., s.tb.);

beoome bloodthirety

(Vj
(

wal\
of
s.o.),

<Tij

waiya)
(

to

be a

friend

be friends

with);

j&j

wa-Ikin, wa-lkinna {the latter with


aco. or pers. suffix) but, howerer,

foll.

(<Vj walya, wilya) to be in oharge (J* or m of s.th.), manage, run, ad minister,

yet

IV to gire a banquet fj
Jj tvalm,

govern, rule (J* or * s.th.), have power, authority, or the command (J* or *
over)
girth, oinch

walam saddle
pl.

Ji

\f

<*Jj walima
*!j

^Vj uo&I'tm' banquet


Jjj yatdahu

what

Jj L. the following, what follows as follows, like this; Jj ^i in follows, in the following, in the se|

quel; ,^-Jll j. jjI Jj

L.

(badana)
Jj

the

uu&zAa, *L yaJt'Au, waliha


(walah) to lose one's head,

underwear,

the

underclothes ;

h^e

become mad

(with love, grief, or the like), be thrown


off one's balanoe,
II

go

off

the deep end


into utter

a Chamber under the ll Jj (huhma) to take over the government, come into power II to
.JiJl (gurfa, sagf)

roof;

and IV to make crazy, throw


( s.o.),

turn (*

to or toward b.o. s.th.,

e.g.,

the
(jp

confusion
wits
<Ij

drive

( s.o.)
(

out of hi

back, the face of s.th.); to turn


or * from
s.th.); to
s.th.),

away

I; to

be infatuated

v with)

avoid, Bhun (jp or

walah distraction, utter confuion,

turn around, turn back, wheel


flee (jp

giddiness, hare-brainednesB ; painful agitation;

around; to
pass,

or * from s.th.); to

paasionate

love,

amorous rap-

go by, glide away {days, yearB); to


adminisb.o.);

ture

appoint as manager, director,


trator,

governor,

or

ruler

to

jlij walhn 2 distracted, confused, be-

put

( b.o.)

in charge (* of),
(*)
;

make

s.o. ()

wdered, out of one's wits, giddy, harebrained; pasaionately in lore

the head of

to entrust (*

s.o.

with,

to b.o. s.th.), commission, oharge (*

J>
s.o. with),

1100

aaaign (*

to

s.o. B.th.)

Vj

seize

J*

s.th.),

make
one'a

o.s.

master of ( J)
take
over,

yj (duburah) or t_^ ;Vj (lahrah) to


turn one'a back on
s.o.

to

receive

aa

own,

or B.th.;

<*

IjJj

oapture, oonfisoate, requisition, occupy

jUV they

tunied their baoks on him,


IijLa

(J*

s.th.)

to

overpower,

overwhelm,

they tumed away from him;

Jj

overoome (J*
ture (J* s.o.)

b.o.);

to take prisoner, oap-

(hriban) to take to flight, run

away;

S*-J Jj (waj'AaA) to tum, face (* toward) III to be a friend, a helper, a


Bupporter, a patron, a proteotor; to help,
aid, aasist ( s.o.); to

Jj vxdiy
adjaoent;
helper,

near,

nearby; neighboring,

close;

(pl.

Ujl

auHyff')

aupporter,

benefaotor, Sponsor;

do constantly,
to

in-

friend, olose associate; relative; patron,

oeaeantly (* s.th.); to oontinue without

protector; legal guardian, curator, tutor;

Interruption

(*

a.th.,

do

s.th.),

go

man
the

olose to

God, holy man, saint


religion

about

B.th. (*) suocessively, aystematical-

(in

populr

of

Islam)
|

ly; to pursue, practice, cultivate (* a.th,,


e.g., arts);

master; proprietor, posseasor, owner


<il

to follow immediately (* a.th.

Jj the friend of God; j-Vl Jj

u>.

time), be subsequent (* to) IV to bring

(U-amr the responsible manager, the

man

dose

(*

to

s.o.

s.th.);

to turn (*

in charge; ruler; tutor, legal guardian;


polt

toward

s.o.

one'a back, or the like); to


*

oommit

Jj w. ad-dam avenger of blood,


of a

(*

to

s.o.

the care or responsi-

executor
w.

blood

feud;

*jU_JI

Jj

bility for), entrust,


(*
s.o.

commission, charge
* s.o.

as-mjjda

title

of the leader of a

with); to do, render (*

Sufi order in bis capacity of inheritor of

favor); to

do
* *
|

(*

to
s.o.

s.o. s.th.

harmful),

the founder's

prayer rg;
to

j^aII

Jj w.
heir

bring (* evince (*

upon

s.th.); to display,
s.o.

al-ahd

successor

the

throne,
i**JI

toward

s.th.,

e.g.,

in-

apparent,

crown

prinoe;

Jj

w.

difierence)

du
in

Vjl

(Jiqatah) to
lij^*-

have

an-ni'ma benefactor
Jj waliya holy

oonfidence
b.o.

s.o.;

Vjt

to

do

a favor T to occupy, be entrusted


(*

tili,

hold (*

an
in

woman,

saint ;

woman,

lady
office),

with),

be

charge (* of); to take possession, take charge {*


of),

*Vj

vo&T
good

friendship,
will;

amity; benevfealty, alle-

take over, take upon

o.s.,

olenoe,

fidelity,

undertake, take in hand (* an

affair),

giance; devotion, loyalty; clientage (l.

attend (* to); to take care (*


to
s.th.),

of), Bee (*

Law)

Vj !a*Lm mu'hadat w. treaty of

arrange (a for

s.th.);

to assume

friendahip

the responsibility (*
(* of); to take over the

for),

seize control

jVj

walai

friendly,

amicable,

of

govemment, come

friendship
4jVj vtilya sovereign power, sovereign-

into power; to turn away, desiat, refrain


(j*>

from),

forgo (j* s.th.)

fl\

ty; rule,

govemment;

(pl.

-St)

ad-

(hukma) to be in power hold supreme power; to seize power; he was seized


(or

ministrative district headed by a vali,


vilayet

^Ul

*iy (ya'tu)

(formerly,

under the Ottoman


.wdl obVjJl

overcome) by deapair

Empire), province; State

TI to follow in auocession, without interruption; to come continually (J* to), arrive oonstantly (J* at); to progress,

(mvttahida) the United States;

A^l

hJVj

w. al-'ahd suooession to the throne;

walya guardianship, curatorahip; legal


power; friendship
|

oontinue

(e.g.,

an advance, a march)
take possession (J* of),

i-u-j *jVj

to possess

o.a.,

etick together, they asaist

J* * they eaoh other

1101

J**i
ayym)
J*lJ\
in

Jji auld

more entitled (._ to) ; wortnier, more appropriate, better more


suitable,
for),

the

course

of time; Jljs
the yeara,
in

nfore deBerving;

bi-t.

s-ainin

with

suited

(_> (_

more ad|

time as time goes on


^Lu-I

equate
ot

to); see also

under Jjt

JjVl
the

istd'

appropriation ;
;

seizure

ijjl <->Ij

,> with greater reason,


*i* i

all

taking possession
Jlj

capture, oonquest

more reaaon, the more so;


it is

JjI

^
is

more natural
entitled to

for

her than

for

him,

wdlin

pl.

Vj vmldh Ieading, man-

it is for

her rather than for him, ahe


it

aging, exeoutive, administrative; ruler;

more

than he

is

governor,
offloer,

vali;
|

prefeot
11/j

(administrative

Mor.)

j j*Vl

the leading Per-

ij_>Jjl

auiaiviya priority; preoedence


pl.

sonalities, the leaders

Jj mavian

J|^ mawcUin maater,


client; Charge;

Jlj-

muwdlin

friend, helper, supporter;

lord; proteotor, patron;


friend,

oent, feudal tenant, vasaal, dependent,


partisan, follower, adherent
5Jlj* mutoliya clientage, elientele, fol-

companion, assooiate;

J^il

the

J^j* maulya and li l/j* mavln form of address to a aovereign


Lord,
;

God

lowing, adherence
1/j*

mavih mistress, lady


Jji

mutawain entrusted, eommission|

ijjij*

mavlawi

pl.

-tya

dervish

of

ed, in Charge
d'affairea
<3\jZ>

JI>Vl Jji.

(ir.)

Charge

the order of Maula Jalal-ud-din


Ulj- mavxUiy see S J|>>
3Jj5 tauliya

Rumi

mawwl
(as vali, to

mutawlin suooeasive, oonaeoutive,


incessant;

uninterrupted,

(pl.

3JjU*

appointment
position,

matwila)

member

of the Shiite seot of

an

exeoutive

as

suooessor)

Metualis in Syria
resale at ooat prioe (Isl.

Law)

Vj wil' suooession, sequence, seriea,


oontinuation; Vj

Lj IV

to motion, signal, beokon, to point out, indioate


(Jl to);

make a
s.th.),

wSan

or **ij

Je suo-

sign;

(Jl

cessively, uninterruptedly

point
1

to

make a

gesture

i^\j*

olientage

muwih friendship; oontraot of {Isl. Law) oonatanoy, inces;

U imd' mimio aotion, gestures, gestioulations


)

sanoy, continuance (of an aotion)


*^j!
ll'

dumb ahow

U^l j fann (as an art);

al-%.

pantomime,

Jf *lel

imSan

il

with referenoe to

annulment

of

marriage
i*le
I

im'a

pl. -t
<J\

gesture;

nod

after the husband's

sworn testimony to

have refrained from marital intercourse


for a period of at least four

Up
to,

mma':

L^il the one referred

montha

(Isl,

the above-mentioned

Law)

Xaj xoamid sultry,

muggy
yamisu (wams) to rub
(_>

Jy

tawattin entranoe offloe, taking over


ijm+j

of an offloe to management, direotion,


administration, government
Jljj tawlin continuoua suooession, un-

wamasa

off; to

smooth, polish

* a.th. with)

tJ-*y

mmis and

~<~*j*

mmisa

pl.

-t

prostitute

interrupted sequence, oontinuation

J*
AaJ

J lj=JI

continuoualy, without Interruption;

wamafa u,ije^ yamufu (wam4, u^~'j


(

successively, consecutively, one after the

wamuj,, Lk*j wamatfn) to flash IT to

other, one

by one;

(IjI/1

JIjS

J*

((.

I-

glance furtively; to wink

at

s.o.)

J**s
4**j

1102

wamda

(n. vio.)

pl.

~3t

blink,

aocord (J or

* s.th. to

s.o.);

to preeent
(<J

blinking ; gleam of Hght ; refleotion of Ught

(J or * with s.th. s.o.); to


s.o.,

endow
*zj>j

or

fj+^j

wamUf

blinking, sparkle, twinkle

* with)

L4-JJ

she gare
^*
...;

herseif

unreserredly to
...,

him;

hob
^-*
it;

Jaj wamiqa Jj
tenderly U^>

yamigu

(wamq)

to

love

suppose that

assuming that

( b.o.)

maumh,

L^*

maum'

pl. * lj-

matvmin

Jj* (with were or I were;


J3
Iet

di

habnl fa'altu suppose I had done


foll.

aoo.)

suppose I
{wal-ndhab)

^ij

desert

us suppose that hiba


|

. .

jj uxznna
JaJ^JI

(uonn) to buzz,

hum

(bee)

5-a

pl. -t gift,

present, donation,

al-wandal the Vandals


-i, ^iLljl

grant

l_il

Jj* 'aqd al-h. deed of gift


tip,

^lij (Engl. wine) nnj pl.

awutf
(dauv

i-*j

wahba

gratuity
;

winch; crane, derrick


mir)
crane;
derrick
-lJIj

jlji

^j

jUj wahhbi Wahabite Wahabi


LjUjJI al-wahhbiya
<j*j*

crane ;
(yad)

*-U

^ijj

floating

Wahabiism
gift;

,jiJj

hand winch
mavhiba
pl.

<^]y mawhib*

Jj uwnd
or

Jj

yani,

wwniya
weak,

<jjj

yaun (Jj
be

fcalent
ijLf-l

uwny, wanan, wanly,

Llj

wt') to

%kb donation, grant(ing)

become

faint,

tired, dispirited,

despondent, Bapless,
languish
tire
|

effete, lose rigor, flag,


foll.

<^\j whib giver, donor


*-?jj

JjV

(with

imperf.) not to

mauhb
-d

given, granted; gifted;


reoipient of a gilt or

J3 ^ i^- 6t-Aim* molin Ja tont with unflagging zeal II to


(of doing a.th.);

talented;

vj*^

grant, donee
*jL*j

be slow, slack, lax, negligent, remiss (j in some work) VI to flag, languish, relax,
slacken; to be or

wahaja + yahiju {wahj, lj wahajn)


glitter, glisten

become

slack, limp,

to glow, burn, blaze, flame; to be in-

flabby; to hesitate, waver, temporize (j


in),

oandescent; to gleam,

IV to

wait (j with)
relaxation; slack-

light, kindle (* the Are)

to glow, burn, to

blaze,

flame ;

to

be

incandescent;

jj wanan alackening,

gleam,

glitter, glisten; to flicker (eyes)

ness; weakness, languor, lassitude


*\jj

wan* alackening, relaxation; slaok-

P*j

wahaj

blaze,

fire;

white

heat,

incandeBcence; glare of the sun


r-Uj wahhj

ness; weakness, languor, lassitude

glowing;

white-hot,

in-

o\y tawnin

tiring, flagging; slowness;

candescent; blazing; sparkling, flashing;


brilliant, radiant
|

flabbiness, limpness; negligence, indifier-

ence
light;

^Uj jy
Are;

(nur) glaring

^Uj w>i
wahlj

(dahab) glittering gold


blaze,

o\j

wnin weak,
|

feeble,

spent,

ex-

hausted

<j\j

j--

unremitting, untiring,

,>j

white heat,

incandescence; glare of the sun


unflagging
\jz

mutawnin weak, languid,


flabby ;
negligent,
remiss,

slack,

jLj wahajn
o*j
II for)

fire,

blaze; glow
* s.th.

limp,

slow,

to level,

even, prepare

(<J

tardy

wAj wahaba

^^

yakabu (wahb)

to

give,

o*j

wahd Iowland, low ground,

de-

donabe (J or

* a.th. to s.o.); to grant,

pression

1103

JUj

wahda

pl.

aUj wihd,
abyu,

4j

wuhad

have doubts
s.o.

(*

about); to oharge

(*_*

depression,

lowland;

preoipioe,

with),

impute (v

to s.o. s.th.), sus-

ohasm, deep pit t gorge, ravine; lowness, low level (of raorals)
ojl

peot, aoouse
for)

(^

s.o.

of), indiot

(^

s.o.

auhad* low, depressed, low-lying

4*r tuhma acousation, oharge; suspioion; insinuation

(Und)
jhj wahara

yahirv (wahr) to involve in

fj wahm

pl.

>Ujl

avhm

delusive

difficulties ( s.o.); to frighten, soare (


s.o.) II
(. s.o.)

do. ; to put out, disconcert, oonfuse

Imagination, erroneous Impression, fancy, delusion; belief, guess, surmise, oonjeoture; Imagination; bias, prejudice; error;

*j*j

wAro

self-deoeption, seif-delusion; illusion ; susterror, fright, fear, alarm,

pioion, misgiving,

dismay, oonaternation
o\j*j

doubt foreboding,
;

evil

presentiment
(seaport in

wahrn* Oran

NW

^fj wahml thought,


ed,

helieved, imagin-

Algeria)

Jkj wahq, wahaq


Ja,
wahila

pl.

J Ujl auhq
yauhalu

lasso

seeming, ap parent; presumed, suppoeed, hypothetical; delusive


|

fancied ;

imaginary ;

l^jj U-
emotional

^i\j\ (nafri*

J^

(wahai)

to

be

ya,

wahmlya)

disturbances,

frightened, appalled, dismayed; to take

psychio disorders

alarm

II

to frighten, scare, intimidate,


strike terror to s.o.'s heart
fear,
()

oow

V*j wahmiya chimera, phantom, deluBion ; guess, surmise, oonjecture, supposition, belief;

(a s.o.),

Jj toahal terror, fright, dismay, consternation


il*j

alarm,

imaginative power, Imagina-

tion
[1^-1

instant
first

fright, terror; moment, *Uj JjV li-awwali wdklatin at sight; right away, at once; 11*^1 j
|

wahla

ihdm

pl.

-<W

deception, deeeit,

fraud,

im position; misleading, delusion;


|

Suggestion

f\

y\ j raf r

al-f.

rectifi-

JjSlI (ld) at first, first off

cation, correotion

fj wahama
guess,

^-

yahimu (wahm) to imagine,


to misconstrue,
mis-

fancy, think, believe, suppose, presume,

tawahhum suspicion; imaginative fjj power; imagination


[1-r
I

surmise ;

tihm

auapecting ;
|

aocusation,

interpret (J s.th.), have

or notion (j of) ;

wahitna >jj yauhamu


and IV to
s.o.)

a wrong idea

ij\* the proeecuting authority, the prosecution;


f'-r'i"

oharge;

indictment

1^1

(waham) to make a mistake, be mistaken


(j
in,

about)

II

instill

a de-

(If'lM

jL garr al-itt. Information (fr.); *jj waraqat al-itt. bl of indict-

luaion,
(

a prejudice, a groundless fear


to

ment
3

in s.o.);

make

believe (t
presenti-

that),

make

as if

V to have a

ittihdmiya

(tun.)
al-itt.

indictment
|

ment
(*

vV"^'

*~* hai'at

the prosecuting

(* of), suspect, presume, imagine

authority, the prosecution

the existence of), be under the dei^'j

lusion (* of); to think, believe (* * B.th.

whima phantasy, imagination,

to be s.th. elBe), regard (* * a.th. as), take


(* * B.th. for)
(

imaginative power
{j*j*

VIII

j:\

tahama to suspeot

mauhm

fanoied,

imagined,

s.o.);

to question, doubt (* a fact),

imaginary; fantastio

1104

m^ mvMakim
eoutor

aoouser; indictor; proe-

*\j

wkin

pl.

JUj touAdA weak,

feeble;

tbin;

frail, fragile, brittle, friable;

flimsy;

m^ muUaham
Jii\

suspeoted, suspioious;
|

nnsabstantial,
trivial;

inessential,

insignifioant,

aooused, oharged; indioted; defendant

untenable, unfounded, basalen,

1.

m. al-manfar suspioious-looking

groundless (ezouse, argument)

j*j wahana, wahina


j*ji

jf yahinu, toahuna
strength

U\Jf Ulj look up


(jj

alphabetioally

yaukunu (wohn, uaAan) to be weak,


lack the
(

wai woe! ahame!


pl. -dt

feeble,

(j

for),

be Ljj watba
whiba, a dry measure (Eg.

inoapable

of ) to grow feeblo, languish,


;

flag; to loae

vigor or oourage

^V
l

331)
j vaika (with foll. alas ... woe unto
1

untiring, unflagging, inexhaiutible II to

genit. or
. . . t

pen. saffiz)

weaken, enfeeble
(

( s.o.),

sap the strength


dishearten,

(expressing regret,

of

s.o.);

to

diacourage,
{ s.o.);

disapproval) ;

dl*j toaihaka woe unto


li

wear down, unnerve


deolare (* s.th.)
s.o.);

to

deem or
(*

you J
!

U j waihan
vergi)

woe to

. .

. 1

weak IT to weaken
(* s.o.)

*~*-\j

ur&ha pl. -dt oasis

to diaoourage

j*j wohn weak, feeble


feebleneas,
sapl<

jT/j

(Turk.

wtrk tribute fiormerly

paid by Egypt to the Sultan; exoiae tax;


(Pal.) real-eatate tax

j\j wohin foreman, oveneer

J^-jj
l<iLj

wil
tutika

whiakey

j*j* maukin deep of the night


fl

(= waaka) woe unto yout

y\j
ble;

tokim pl. j*j unthvn weak, feeweakened, debilitated; enervated,


effete, apent, dispirit-

&j

((f.)

wtha

L*L bdmiyd okra,


bot.)

gumbo

(Abelmoaohua eaoulentus;
Jij uatl Jjj
affliotion, distreaa,

nnnerved; sapleu,
ed, despondent
l

woe; (with J or woel


*iA

uaa with pen.

suffix)

Jjj
t

^j

vtah

ydh\ (toaAy), wahiya (wahan)


frail,

ttnilu lafca or ilLj too*Jaio

woe unto you

to be weak, feeble,

fragile

IT to

jj uaila

pl. -d<

oalamity, disaster, dia-

weaken, sap

(*,

j*

e.th.)

trees, affliotion,

woe, misfortune, adveraity

\j

yd (vooative and exolamatory

partiole)

0,

often!

how many
ia
. . . !

times!

j*
. . . !

j>

Ij

oh

Jj-*>

li

(hasratt) oh

my

misfortune!

(It'-UdAt)

what a oalamity
,jj L aee

is

how

C^L.

L (aaldm) good Lord! good heavens!


\i

unfortunate
#L yd*
ljlgll

Jj

oh dear! Uli

(Jla-md)

how many
yd
fo-f-Ja'ri

times...!

how often ...; lJI Lj ^^-cB L


what a what

name of the

letter

ttu-yd la-i-ktqa* oh,


*J l;

al-y&b&n Japan

oalamity! Jp-j j*

(fojuJm) oh,

JLL

yd&dnt

Japanese;

(pl.

-An)

a man!

I*

L how muoh! how many!

how

Japanese

1105

4ll

yarda

pl. -ds

yard (meaaure of length)

^j-u

yuMsa a
( s.th.)

(yafrs,

yuis) to be or
to

beoome

rjJk ytirja Mtrology


t/rj-ta V*'?' pl. -tyn astrologer

dry, to dry

II

and IT

male

dry, to dry

Lru yaba, yubt, yabas drynees

ya'ias

(^.L

yo', i-lj
a.th.);

ya'dm) to
to give

renounoe, forgo
all

(,y.

up

trK

yabt,

yabie

dried,

dried

out,

desiooated, arid;

hope (,> of) IT to male ( a.o.) renounoe or forgo; to doprive of hope


( s.o.)

,^1

al-yabs the dry

land, land, terra firma


-Ort

I
renunoiation,
|

yubm

dryness (also

fig.,

e.g.,

of writing or Speech style)


t

y^

ya'

regignation;

hopelessness, desperation
al-y. the olimacterio

^.l j- sinn

,^-jlj

ySbit dry, dried out, desiocated,


rigid,

arid;
deapair,

hard, firm, oompaot; !_jLII

al-ybiaa land, terra firma

WJM
^j-Jlj

!"*

>n

despairing;
fi

hopeless, desperate

yatama

y*M hopeleaa, desperate (person)

yatuma u and yatima a to be or beoome an orphan, be bereared of one'a


',

crvjs* ""fi*: *- j-jj lost, desperate (cause)

parent IT to orphan, deprire of his parents (. s.o.) V I

^j

*. i

musto' hopeless,

yatm, yutm, yatam orphanhood

desperate
ffi yatim pl. fbl aitfm, J\^ yatima orphan; unique of ite kind, unequuled,

(person)

^r-lj ydsamln Jasmine ilJUL ydmn( hyaointh

(bot.)

unmatohed, inoomparable
Single, sole,

yotlm
|

f.

(bot.)

one only, isolated

bVI

t~l

malja' al-a. and |.bVI

jb orphanage
maytim*
or-

J*\i ymi- ^Ityi) * kidma pieoework, jobwork

bi-l-y. (tun.)

f-*

maitam

pl.

jrL,

phanage
^-*

UL ySfS Jaffa (seaport


Uli Vtla, yfita

in

SW

Palestine)

muyatkm

orphaned, parentless;

sign, Signboard,

plaque,

orphan

name
lj

plate, doorplate
pl. -st collar

y/i

yatrib' original

name

of Medina

y&qa

jyS- see ju.


:) pl.

OyL

yay

(ooll.j n. (bot.);

un.

c_SI yawiqU*
|

jL~.

mihr

mace,

soepter;

hyaointh

hyacinth, sappliire
^-irf.1

oyL

crosier;

bat,

mallet
Jj**_

jfl (ahrnar) ruby;


green oorundum;

Cijilj

(o&far)

^^ ^<yl

(;omrf) car-

yahmr

see jt-

bunole

^
fruits

yaky John
yakt
pl.

i^L
>-Jli

ymli dried

^i

Oji

yufgl yaoht

ydnfln anise, aniseed


pl.

jjb ydiotr

-lya adjutant, aide-de-oamp

^ ya&na and
iik i/y pl. -dt spring, Spiral spring
Jj

Jjc yafcni a kind of ragout

ad

f.,

pl.

il aidin,

jljl

ayddm hand;
control,
influ-

V^i yabb

devastated, waste

foreleg;

handle;

power,

1106

enoe,
(ll.

authority;

asBiatanoe,

help,

aid;

be scattered in
l-b

all

direotions;

Ul jx-l

Law) {personal) possession, actual


|

(a*K) to do

s.o.

a favor;

Uj

j Li-

oontrol; benefit; favor


oaitions:

1.

With prepper-

(*u?4a) to stand aghast, be embarrassed,

.u

Ioj

yadan

bi-yadin
...

be bewildered;

-u

Li-I (ut^t^a) do.;


to
oling

Bonal(ly),

from hand to hand;


*iJj

j-b

J*
Tjll

Uj

Xi

(Jiu&Za

yaaaAfl)

to

(yodat) in front of;

jo in front of
power;
Uj.Ij

s.th.;

UL

Jj* or

him; in

his presenoe; in hi
1

Uj

_J1

fj~** handmade; (yooa Z-mar'a) to propose

UL

bt-atdina or Lj.1
fi-b)
floor,
Cr*,

jo

at

our dupoeal;

to a vornan, ask her


b

hand

in marriage;

f^"
may

(toWmu) you have the


speak;
,y UjOjI
j*j

j^i

je-

lij-i

*IL*I

a'fdhu 'an fahrt yadin

you
.

to give
s.th. as

s.o.

s.th. for nothing,

give

s.o.

what

. .

are before us or present them-

a present; iLUl Ul labor foroe,

aelvee to ua; -l

* on hand, handy,
hia
ts**\

labor;

iLUl

j-bl/l

man

power,

labor,

available;
in bis
foll.

\ ** under
-*j

authority,

workmen, hands; -UL


s.th. in

**xl

(qaddamah)

power;

J*

pl.

J (with

to hand s.th. over personally, deliver


person;
At

genit.) at the hand(s) of; .b

0j

j*.

with hia help, through hia

J* or good

j-C*

*)

am

obliged

to him for a favor;


in...;
ful in,
J

-b *!

he haa a hand

offlces;

^Ul
people;

t$*i)

other

at the
in

J with the help of hand of other

J^UI

-Ul

*)

(fl) to

be powerXj.
4)

have deoisive influence on;

people; -Ul
able;

ij_

hand, on hand, availIj^A-l -b


*di!

^Ul

he haa great influenee on other

2.

Construot forma;

y.

people, he can aocomplish a great deal

al-jaiuA*
jAj}\ Ju iiil

a bright star in Orion;

V
it;

with other people;


is

illi*

J U

that
Uj

(yada d-dahr) I Bha never do


y.

not

in

my

power;

iuclil

.u

al-mifalla

urabrella handle;
(Isl.

(^JI or ii^Jl or) nuuZoa yaaVz l-miu'ada


(l-ma'na, l'-aun) to extend one's help,

JScJl
-Ul

0j

oonjugal authority
infiuential;

Law);
of

jj powerful,
oontrol,

holder

lend

a helping

hand; J*

;j*-Ij

0j

>

actual
-Ul tL-

posseasor

(/(.

Lau>)

('atayya) they are in league against

me;

wrist watoh;

^Ul
Ul

J*-* ***$ d-tf


-Ul

J*

Jj

b#j
*4j

(yoaoAtZ) to take

possession

liberal,

openhanded, generous;

iki
al-y.

of ; ?j*-*>

he

is

inoapable, his powers

fenfoi al-y. handbag;

Jfutfl

are limited
tfjJ

or xJI

J>

'amaZ aJ-y.

manual work;

yadawi manual; hand|

(in

Com-

handwork; Ul
fifr al-y.

jLw
-l

handouff;

^Ul

jJu*

pounds)
r (

(^jOj

(Sugl)

or

jjOj

J>

empty-handed; Ul hj* 'arabat

amoZ) manual work; handwork; icLu*

al-y.

handoart;

U-J qunbviat
3.

al-y.

ijOj handioraft; jjUj jl^U hand-operated

hand grenade;
UL*
favor;
-u

pl.

Other
auJ

phrases:
benefit,

model

(of

an apparatus); O^jxJl *Jl manual workers, labor


pl.

(baiffi)
skill,

UL

('amoja) the

oompetenoe,

capabity,

qualification, aohievement;

Li-

*J

^y
*ij\j

yarb'

^jly

yortSM*"

jerboa

(zool.)

to be skilled, versed, experienced in; to

have the upper hand in;


unrightful possession

i-. 0j (mutytla)

look up alphabetically
yari'a

(/I.

Law);
(Isl.

~*JJ-

Ju

(muhiqqa) rightful possession

Law);

fy

a {yara') to be a coward, be

j^il/l

ijj^ J
...;

(6a^y) to stand

ohickenhearted
f\j_ yara* oowardly;
)

helpless before

.u

jj

(daqqa)

(coli.;

n. un,

to olap one's hands;

(&\A

or) ^0*1

l^j
to

glowworm,

firefly;

cane,

reed;

reed

L. dahab aidiya

[ayAdiya)

sab

pen

1107

i>-i

jl

yaraqn

plant
n. un.

diseaae,
".)

milde w;
(zool.)
\

dance, luxury;

left

hand;

left side

Ijlj

jaundice;

(coli.;

larvae

or jLJI j* to (at, on) the left


(^jlj yturi leftist, left-wing (pol.)

?j\JlJJ\ jljj>_

tadpoles
affected

Jjju
;

mairq

by

mildew,

iSj-i

yusrd

pl.

iL j-j yvsrayt

left side;

mildewy jaundiced
i[yjJ\

j^-JI the
river
(in

left

hand
little,

al-yarmk

Yarmuk

NW

>J
slight,

yastr easy (J* for); small,


insignificant,
(of

Jordan)
tf**./

time)

short;

piain,

homely; simple, uncomplicated

yazldl Yezidi, belonging to the Yezidi


j-jl aisar* easier; smaller, leaser, slighter,
<*-*j>JI

sect

more

insignificant;

more prosperous,

aX-yaxldlya the religion of the

wealthier; left; left-handed; left-sided

Yezidis; the Yezidis or Devil Worehipers


(of Kurdistan)
*>-j> yazarja astrology

game by the Koran) played with arrowa without heads- and


j~x* maisir an ancient Arabian

of chance

(forbidden

feathering, for stakes of slaughtered


i$">

and

yazaki

pl. i]j_

yazak guard, Bentry

quartered cameis
j^f>

JjjL yzl a variety of wild garlic (Allium

maisara

pl.

^L.

mayrir'

left

roseum L.

bot.)

side ; left

wing (of an army)

j~ yasira a (yasar) to be or

become easy;
little,

jx maisara, maisura, maisira ease,

yasura u (yu*r) to be Bmall,

comfort;
II to

prosperity,

affluence,

wealth,

insignificant; to
level,

be or become easy
(*

abundance, luxury
jr taisir facilitation

smoothen, pave, prepare


to ease,

J*

for

s.o. s.th.);

make
|

easy, faoilitate

(*

>

jjt* maisr

pl.

jwL* mayaeir*

easily

for s.o. s.th.)

J 4.UI J-Ul j-j


to be lenient, in(

done, easily aecomplished, within easy


reach, easy to carry out, feasible without
difflculty;

to pave the
s.o.

way
s.th.)

for s.o. to..., enable


III

to (do

easy;

euocessful,

fortunate,
in

dulgent,
s.o.),

obliging,

oomplaisant

with easy

lucky ;

prosperous,

well-to-do,

easy

humor

( s.o.)

IV to

live in

ciroumstances
j~^> muyassar faoilitated,

circumatances; to be or become rieh; to

be lucky, fortunate; to have an easy

made

easy,

confinement (woman) V to become easy;


to

within easy reach; successful, fortunate, lucky;


prosperous,
well-to-do,

be

made

easy,

be

wealthy,

faoilitated ;

to
rioh

sueeeed,

tum

out successful; to thrive,

proBper ; to be
(J for s.o.)

made

possible,

be possible

j~j

msir

pl.

-an,

>.L

maysir*

to be easy; to suoeeed, be

prosperous, well-to-do, wealtby, rioh


j~jz*

succesBful
j~~i

mutayassir

facilitated,

made

yuvr ease, easiness, facility; easy,

easy; easy; within easy reach; on hand,


available; taking a
ful

pleasant ciroumstances; prosperity, affluence, wealth,

amooth and successsuocessful,


|

abundance, luxury

course, going smoothly;

fortunate, prosperous, well-to-do


ij~t yasra left eide

<,

JU-I well

off,

in easy oircumstances

jLj yasr

ease, easiness, facility;

com-

j yasaqji kavass, consular

guard, anned

fort; prosperity, affluence, wealth,

abun-

attendant

1108

1
s.th.); to
s.o.)

,>*

ytumln Jasmine
t%

warn,

alert,

put on his guard

to be awake; to be vigilant, watch-

9j-j yas

Jesus
ful, alert,

on one's guard X to wake up,

jftjj ytwfi'l Jesuitic(al) ; (pl. -n) Jesuit

awaken, be awakened, be rouBed from


sleep (J* by); to have o.s. awakened, ask to be wakened; to be awake; to be watchful, vigilant, alert

t^Jj
-ij

ya&

Jasper

yom jade
yahnaq

J*li

and
veil

ii*-iJ

ya&nak

(Turk.

ju yaquf, yaqif

pl. .ULLI

aiqfy awake;

yafmak) face

worn by women

watohful, vigilant, alert, wary, cautious

^j

yo^rf

and

,_i^j yaff Jasper

ii yaqza, yaqaja waking, wakefulness


sleeplessneas,

insomnia

watohfulness,
akrtness,

^il^lj look

up

alphabetically

viganoe

wariness,

oaution ;

Vj?*i y<**&i& see


i'j-j
yo'ffflA

Z*

keenness of the mind

see i_

j.i yaqzn*,
yaqz awake;

f.

Jii

yaqf, pl. JiLL


alert;
|

attentive,

wary,

1 V>**i ya'ffi^ Jacob, James; see also Ju>

oautious; watchful, vigilant


rooster, oook

lLSJl

y\

j**i

ya'qbi pl.

<JL*j

ya'qiba

Ja-

cobite; Jacobitic (CAr.)

k ULI
orown

iqz awaking, reveille

ryL

y<S/fc pl,

pjlj; yawfljp Vertex,

Jiv* tayaqquf wakefulness;

watohful-

of the head
ikij ya/fa

ness, vigilance, alertness, wariness, oau-

tion

(=

IUI)) sign, signboard, plaque,


JJLia

name
i_

plate, doorplate

mutayaqqif

awake

watchful,

vigilant,

wary, cautious;

alert, attentive

yafa'a a (yaf) to reach adolescence; to

be at the age of puberty IT and T do.

JjjL mustaiqiz

awake
to

Mb yaf adolescence; puberty


*jj yafa' hill,
f-lijl

J!
;

yaqina a (yaqn, yaqan)


oertain; to

be
(i~>

sure,

rnge, highland

know

for certain

or

(pl.
s.th.),

be sure, be certain, be convinced

aifa) boy at the age of puberty,

adolescent, youth, teen-ager, juvenile


f-

(^

or * of) IT,
s.th.),

or * Li yaf
yfi*

T and X to ascertain make sure (*-. or * of s.th.)


(i~>

(>~>
;

to

hill

know
grown-up; boy

for certain

or *

s.th.),

be sure, be

iL

adolescent,

certain,

be convinced

(<~>

or * of)

at the age of puberty, adolescent, youth,


teen-ager, juvenile

yu jh

yaqn, yaqan oertainty, certitude

yaqan, yaqun, yaqin and <ju yaqana

Ojilj look

up

alphabetically

credulous, ingenuous, unsuspecting

C/^h
Jii

see jL*

,>i
yaquza u

yaqin

certainty,
(<-

certitude
|

(<-

about), conviction
(lilij

of)

L-JL certainly,

yaqiza a (yaqaf) and

surely, positively; o\ j
Ol
I

0;* J*

^' 0T ^'

yaqtea) to be awake; to wake; to be on


one's guard, be wary, watchful, alert,
vigilant II

ju J*

am

convinced, I
.

am

positive,

am

certain that

. . ;

j*i J* l^jS" you

and IT to wake up
stir

{ s.o.);

can be sure; ,>J' uhcertainty

bWl

^'V- absolute

to awaken, arouse,

up, provoke (*

1109

C*
jvt_

J-5j

j/oginl definitely

laid

down, pos-

yamm
oath
|

f.,

pl.

jt\ atmun, OLcl aw>

itive, absolute, indiaputable;

oULjj ya*

man
J>1*
fioial

JUVi jx y. al-amna oath


j*-*ll

qlnlyt establiahed truths, axloms

of allegiance;

ja

y.

o-fabr perjury;

jUL* miqn aredulous


ji^*

ja

(jdnflnlya) oath of offloe, of-

oath; SS"
y.

ja

perjury;

*ij\

ja

mqin oonvinoed (^
of)

of); oertain,

^^V'j
jil
<rl

Bure

(v

allegiance;

aJ-uwW uw-/-t#a> oath of Jil jxl atmunu dAt and


I swear

>Li- mutayaqgin oonvinced, positive,

atmu dA*

by Godl

eure, oertain

J-r
<l)jJl

yamtnl of or pertaining to the

see

OjT
o.a., repair, resort,

right side, right-hand, right;

^fc*^'

the right-wing parties

II to

betake

go, turn,
J-e_

wend one'a way (* or vj-' pauto, j*i noAuw or Jai- Safra to or toward a place),
set out, head, be headed (*, vj-**>
for); to direct,

yumnd

pl.

oLl* yumnayd*

right

hand; right side


jrl atman',
right,
Si-.
f.

^>
i

turn (*

s.th.)

j j

Jx yumn right-hand,

on the

right; luoky
pl.

ulTjJI (/amt I-frurfcdn) to venture into the


lion'fl

matmana

j.L.

maydmtn1

den; ^L <#*-j

-e

(uttjAaA

jiafro)

right side ; right wing (of an army)

to

tum

or face toward

to betake

o.e.,

repair, resort, turn (* to),


for); to

make, head

jJ tayammun
{*

auspioioueness,

good

aim

{* at), intend (* s.th.)

augury, good
(*yr.)

omen
pl.

* yamm
side
l>Lc
|

pl.

mjg

yumm open sea;

j-3*

matmfln

j**L*

fliaymtn'
|

j. from

my

side,

on

my

part

fortunate, lucky; blessed;

monkey

j*-.

^ IUI
(coli.; n.

favorable, auspicious; j*-LI ./IUI

yamm

un.

J*

) pl. -<W,

Ic

happy journeyl Qodspeedl


j*-.

yam'im' pigeon, dove

muyamman
,

lucky, auspicious

jx yamana u, yamina
*u**
II to
(i~i

a,

yamuna u (yumn,
_rL
yandytr4

maimana) to be luoky, fortunate


go to the right V to see a good omen

^ Lj

yantfir*

January

9jJj yanb' see *J

in)

do. luck,

j^ yumn good
prosperity, success
j-e

good fortune,

j yanjn (=
J yana'a a
i

o_ib) anise, aniseed

(yan\ yuri, 9jL yun') to

yaman and

Sic

yamna

right aide

beoome

ripe, ripen,

mellow IV do.

or hand; Lc to (at, on) the right; Sic

yam-

-u yanl* ripe, mellow


f-LiI Infi*

notan do.

Lcj ULi to the north and


Sic

ripening, mellowing
pl.

south; j-jj

(ytwrotan) to the right

and

left

^ib
ij-JI

yam*

j yan*

ripe,

mellow

jrjl

al-yaman Yemen

al-yahd the Jews, Jewry


t^i^- yaAwil Jewish;
Sj

j^c
J\c_

yanwnf from Yemen, Yemenite yamin


f.,

Jew

pl.

ulcl

aimn right
to (at,

i^

yahdlya Judaism
jubee

side; right

hand

L_r or

^*M j*

on) the right; ^lr> b-r to the right and


left;

J-jj y&tt

Cr i^')

(tamliku)

-&* l* m malakat yaminuh his possessions

U*-jj yfiAanjuJ

John

aL-J1 L*-jj

John the

Baptist

*Ji

1110

*ji tftd iodine


jj\j

y. oZ-tffuun

Monday;

l'^iJI

y.

at-

talur Tuesday; .LujVl

look

up

pj

y. al-arbi'* y.

alphabetioally

Wednesday;
Thursday;
Cj-JI

^^JM

fjs'bji

ywdniyum uranium
yuzbdM
pl.

i**i-l

f>.
y.

al-lfamis

al-jum'a Friday;

pj

y. aa-aabt

Saturday;

jjJ

*jj
|->.

Kf^jv.

-fya

oaptain,

battery

blaok day,

unlucky day;

jUiiVi

Commander;

(as

a naval rank) lieutenant

workday;

>^>l

^
y.

(atuam) a bad day;

(formerly, Eg.)
t--j;

l^
(eg., syr.)

(Ji V' ad-din the

Day

of

Judgment
Year's
free

i-JI (j^ij

yauf1 Joseph;

^xj\

t-i->j

fji y. ra'a aa-aona

New
off,

Day; L*
holiday;

y. afandi (ooll.) tangerines

'#a day
tn oZ-y.
j.1

day,

|j-H j-1

man

of today,

j~j* ysufl
*Jjj

(eg.)

tangerines
lieu-

modern man;
lived,

*jj

of one day, short|-U V'

(from Fr. lieutenant; tun.) ytana

passing, ephemeral;

j-l

man
1*1 VI

of the world, a sophisticated

tenant

man;

Jl> J*

(tauxSK I-a.) in the course

LW-*jj yugotlviy Yugoslavia


Jrt-tji ygoslvi Yugoslavian
Z\j look

of time, in time

JUg

yauma*i4in (on) that day, then,

at that time

up

alphabetioally
illi.jj

yaumadka
daily;

(on) that day,

then
L*_>j

jjji yliy and *Jy m yliya July


jt III to hire aji

l/jj

yauml

by the day;

by the day
pl. LI
j

( s.o.) pl. also:

daily, every

day;

->L*jj

every day events;


|

everyday chroniole; daily news

yaum

ayym day;
...; *ll

**ij*-

i-yj daily newspaper


i-*ji

age, era, time

pJI aUyauma today;

pjj

yawna on the day when


a few days
his
lifo;

in the days of, during; L.L1


;

ayyma ayyman for


lifetime,

yawnfya daily wages, a day's

wages; daily ration; a day's woik, daily


task; diary, Journal; daybook; calendar
**jL*

**L

L^^j

ayymuh his yaumah then,


I

at

that

muywama work by
|

the day,

time, that day;

L*^j

or

L.

U^j

some-

day labor; muywamatan


day, per day, per diem
laborer, hired
lJjJI

daily,

by the day

time,
*jj

some day, one of these days; otj gJta yaumin one day, once; L._j> Ljj Ljj Li_j> or *jj Xu L>
after day,

i*jL* J*l*

man

day by day, day


day; pjJl
0*j

from day to

al-ynn the Greeks; Qreeoe


jLijj ytinnl

from today on, starting

Greek;

(pl.

-n) a

Greek

today; Ia'L.^

nowadays, these days;


overnight,
*jj

*Uj

fji

J>

(Uta)

from one

<j\jji

ynniya Grecism; Greek lan-

day to the other;


daily,
/>jJ

guage
j~jjl

Ja

kua yaumin
or

every day; pj Jl

^^ ^ >
pjJI
-L.

ynus9 Jonah

from one day to the other, from


to day;
**_jj

day

j* from that time on,

j$Lj>jJ\ al-ynesk, j$LjjJ\ iL hai'at al-y.

henceforth; right

away;

from

UNESCO, the United Nations Educational, Scientific

now
lLL

,y a few days ago; for the past few days;


dJJ.S

on, as of

now, henceforth;

a\j\

and Cultural Organization

-Uj

a few days after that;


f^'O-haA

fjj

jjLfjJji

yonosr ionosphere (radio)

J*"^"

f^i

y-

Sunday; J*JV'

Jsi yniy and *J^j yniya June

Seledte Reviews
'"The're

can be na doubt thaJjtbis is ane&ellent dictionary. beabasictoolforall* better thanothers irt thefieia! and lhat ij'will coTne." some time to coTne. sfniiv of n( modern Arabic foFsome study M'iddle East Journal;'

fari

RABIOENGLISH DICTIONARY
HANS WEHR
.

uiries of modern ritten Arabic. th'e work under is a.great pleasure to be able to retom-/ besU.it Ihe reviev* accuracy, mend this dictjonary Wholeheartedtf.-lts sehplarship, contributions significant most the itoneof make "andAliability
.

oped that tbis majaerpier. Arabic leirieograph lexicographical principles? modern of wider nse way to 'poirt.liie ifi'thex'omTylationofdictionariesforearlierperiodsof the Arabic
to

'

hngu;
Language, The Linguistic Society
of

America Quarterly

DICTIONARY OF MODERN WRITTEN RABIC


Edited by

prcmRMjhfijisivene** and'reliabiHty as well as ite clear material have made it the principal aid for the sentjh

younger stttdyW writien Arabic. Inde^i. for the Student *nd the Western scholar, it seems to haw sirperseded-afleast to a large
)

degreell other lexieal aids." Journal- of the

American -Oriental

Society,

JM.COWAN
e

complete
in

Opages
ISBN
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