MBEYA UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER ENGINEERING

DIPLOMA IN COMPUTER ENGINEERING
NTA 6
PROJECT TITLE: DESIGN OF AUTOMATIC EGGS INCUBATOR
STUDENTS NAMES:

TUMAINI MALIGANA
ALINANUSWE AMON

SUPERVISOR: MR. A. SIKORO

ACADEMIC YEAR:

2012/2013

ADM NO: 201011097

ADM NO: 201011004

DECLARATION
We hereby declare that this project proposal has been prepared by us to fulfill the
curricular and requirement of diploma program offered by department of computer
engineering at Mbeya University of Science and Technology
Student Name: TUMAINI MALIGANA

Signature: ______________

Student Name: ALINANUSWE AMON

Signature: ______________

I hereby declare that this proposal has been approved by me and this is true project
record undertaken by these students.
Name of Supervisor:

Mr. A. SIKORO

Signature of Supervisor: __________________________

Date: ______________

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
With the name of the almighty GOD the most merciful, with His bless we could done the
responsible that have been given to us to do this project.
Firstly, with full of grateful, we would like to give a million of appreciation and thanks to our
supervisor, Mr. A. SIKORO for his kind guidance, criticism and advice throughout our
project phase. He has provided a good balance freedom and interest and has been a constant
source of ideas and suggestions and recommendations. Thank you very much.
Here also, we would like to acknowledge in particular continuous support of our Instructors.
They have been consistent encouragement for us throughout the project phase.
Not forget, thanks to all my friends who always give us support on our way finishing the
project. Thanks everyone
Lastly, we would like to give a million of thanks for all who been directly or not in order to
help us along our project.
Thank you very much.

List of tables
DECLARATION.................................................................................................... ii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT.........................................................................................iii
List of tables...................................................................................................... v
List of figures..................................................................................................viii
List of abbreviations.........................................................................................ix
LCD Liquid Crystal Display................................................................................ix
ABSTRACT......................................................................................................... x
CHAPTER ONE.................................................................................................... 1
INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................... 1
PROBLEM STATEMENT......................................................................................................... 1
OBJECTIVES OF PROPOSED SYSTEM.....................................................................................1
General Objective: .......................................................................................................... 1
Specific Objectives:.......................................................................................................... 1
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT........................................................................................... 2
SCOPE AND LIMITATION....................................................................................................... 2
Scope............................................................................................................................... 2
Limitation......................................................................................................................... 2
CHAPTER TWO................................................................................................... 2

LITERATURE REVIEW............................................................................................................ 2
Introduction................................................................................................................. 2
Existing system................................................................................................................... 3
Artificial Incubation .......................................................................................................... 3
......................................................................................................................................... 4
Disadvantages of Existing systems..................................................................................4
Proposal system................................................................................................................. 5
Advantages of Proposal system.......................................................................................5
BLOCK DIAGRAM OF PROPOSED SYSTEM..........................................................................5
DESCRIPTION OF BLOCK DIAGRAM................................................................................6
Power Supply:.............................................................................................................. 6
Temperature and Humidity sensors:............................................................................6
Microcontroller:............................................................................................................ 6
Display (LCD):.............................................................................................................. 6
Motor ........................................................................................................................... 6
CHAPTER THREE................................................................................................. 7
METHODOLOGY:.................................................................................................................. 7
Reading through websites................................................................................................... 7
Reading different books....................................................................................................... 7
CLOSED QUESTIONNARE..................................................................................................... 8
OPEN QUESTIONNARE......................................................................................................... 9
........................................................................................................................................ 9
Data analysis:................................................................................................................... 9
........................................................................................................................................ 9
3. fans............................................................................................................................... 10
Relay................................................................................................................................. 10
Rectifier diode................................................................................................................... 11
Temperature and humidity sensor.....................................................................................11
Lamp................................................................................................................................. 11
PIC Microcontroller............................................................................................................. 12
LCD display........................................................................................................................ 13
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................... 13
Hardware Design ........................................................................................................... 14
Software Design ............................................................................................................ 14
Mechanical Design ......................................................................................................... 14
DATA ANALYSIS............................................................................................... 14
12V TRANSFORMER........................................................................................................... 15

CAPACITOR........................................................................................................................ 16
VOLTAGE REGULATOR....................................................................................................... 17
graphs............................................................................................................................... 19
PIC18F4550....................................................................................................................... 19
BC547 Transistor............................................................................................................... 20
graphs............................................................................................................................... 21
12v relay........................................................................................................................... 21
LCD DISPLAY...................................................................................................................... 21
DHT22 Sensor.................................................................................................................... 21
12dc Fan............................................................................................................................ 22
Chapter 4........................................................................................................ 22
4:1:1
4:1:2
4:1:3
4:1:4
4:1:5
4:1:6

Diodes................................................................................................................... 23
Capacitors............................................................................................................. 23
Voltage Regulators................................................................................................ 24
LCD display........................................................................................................... 24
PIC (Programmable Interface Controller)...............................................................24
Complete Circuit.................................................................................................... 25

Chapter 5........................................................................................................ 27
Conclusion and recommendations.....................................................................................27
Conclusion......................................................................................................................... 27
Recommendations............................................................................................................. 28
REQUIREMENTS:............................................................................................... 29
STATIONERY....................................................................................................30
Reference........................................................................................................ 30

List of figures

Figure 1. Natural and Artificial incubation.......................... 15

Figure 2. Proposed System.................................................... 17
Figure 3. Full wave bridge rectifier...................................... 26
Figure 4. PIC 18F4550............................................................ 30
Figure 5. BC547 Transistor.................................................... 31
Figure 6. Simulation picture...
.35

List of abbreviations
LCD Liquid
DC

Crystal Display
Direct Current

AC

Alternate Current

Hz

Hertz

mA

Mill Amperes

Amps
IC
PIC

Ampere
Integrated Circuit
Programmable Integrated Circuit

ABSTRACT
The design and develop the system of an egg incubator that able to incubate various type of
egg named as Automatic Egg Incubator for Various Types of Eggs. The incubator will fill up
with the temperature and humidity sensor that can measure the condition of the incubator and
automatically change to the suitable condition for the egg.
The health of egg is very important for the development of embryo within the egg. Improper
control means that the temperature or humidity is too high or too low. In this project, the
lamp is use to give the suitable temperature to the egg. By using the lamps and fan, it is can
make sure the humidity and temperature in good condition.

CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
Automatic Eggs Incubator that serves as chicken egg incubation more systematic, at the
specific time and at the required temperature. With the use of this Incubator hatching eggs
are more successful when compared with incubation manually. This project will create more
focused on controlling an electronic system that uses more electronic components to enable it
to operate.
The main purpose of this project is designed so that the hatching eggs were more
successful than the incubation manually. In the projects, PIC microcontroller applied to
control temperature and heater created by lighting. This PIC microprocessor is connected to
the relay circuit so that it can control the bulbs and fans automatically. In addition, to
calculate the number of days that had been set on the circuit microprocessor. If the
temperature is supplied in excess of 37C-38C and it can be detected by a digital
temperature sensor circuit, while the relay circuit will turn off the bulbs in some minutes to
reduce the temperature inside the incubator. If the temperature is less than 37C, the
temperature will be set back by the count up and down switch. The project requires a
temperature of about 37C to 38C to ensure that the incubation of the eggs were more
evenly so that the result obtained are of better quality.
PROBLEM STATEMENT
Due to the normal hatching that are used they have more disadvantage and dont provide the
unexpected result to the poultry farmers.
The system are based to provide the profit to the poultry and the system that they are used
doesnt provide much profit to themselves.
OBJECTIVES OF PROPOSED SYSTEM
The objectives of this projects based on to the main objective and specific
objectives

General Objective:
To build the incubator with automatic controlling the humidity and temperature and
automatic of eggs.

Specific Objectives:
To build Electronic Circuit that contain Power circuit and the controlling circuit.
To program PIC Microcontroller.
To build Egg roller.
1

 To design an Incubator Case

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT

produce product in a short time with large amount of eggs.
Reduces human work of supervising incubation.
It is possible to plan when to hatch the chicks unlike with the hen one may not know
when it can sit for the eggs.
Reduce the spread of parasites and diseases to the chicks.
Reduce cost for feeding a broody hen since an incubator is used.

SCOPE AND LIMITATION

Scope
Designing and building prototype and finally test it according to data collected at Poultry
farms. by is combining of hardware part and programming part.

Limitation
It cant control the temperature that needed for hatchability of less than 25 centigrade and the
above 50 centigrade. The system can be suitable and operate in any place where there is need
of automatic egg hatching but we will start its experimental at Mbeya City, Tanzania.

CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW

Introduction
Incubation is the process by which birds hatch their eggs, and to the development of the
embryo within the egg. The most vital factor of incubation is the constant temperature
required for its developments over a specific period.
The proposal system solve problem of the existing system by controlling Automatic
temperature that required for hatching..

Existing system
Artificial Incubation
Chicken egg incubation can successfully occur artificially as well. Nearly all chicken
eggs will hatch after 21 days of good conditions - 99.5 F (37.5C) and around 55% relative
humidity (increase to 70% in the last three days of incubation to help soften egg shell).
Home incubators are usually small boxes and hold a few to 50 eggs. Eggs must be
turned three to five times each day, rotating at least 90 degrees. If eggs aren't turned, the
embryo inside will stick to the shell and likely will be hatched with physical defects. This
process is natural; hens will stand up three to five times a day and shift the eggs around with
their beak.

The caramite lamp used to provide the temperature to the eggs. And
those eggs need to be turn by the workers. When the temperature
maintained to the 37C the eggs will be successful hatch. And when it
doesnt appear to the required temperature or exceed the egg will be not
hatch and destroyed.

Disadvantages of Existing systems

Poor productivity due to limited number of eggs and some of them dont hatch.

Some Hen develop bad behavior (Cannibalism) such as egg picking

A farmer cant force a hen to brood eggs

There is a limit to the number of eggs one hen can hatch.

Not all hens make a good mother (hatcher).

Due to the carelessness of the producer cant turn eggs at the required time (artificial
incubation).

Due to improper control temperature can be high or low during incubation hence less
hatchability.

Proposal system.
Proposal system is An Automatic incubator is a device which simulating incubation by
keeping eggs warm and maintain the required temperature and in the correct humidity, to
turn them so as to hatch them.

Advantages of Proposal system.

The incubator will help farmer produce product in a short time with large amount of
eggs.
Reduces human work of supervising incubation.
Is possible to plan when to hatch the chicks unlike with the hen one may not know
when it can sit for the eggs.
Artificial incubation cannot spread parasites and diseases to the chicks.
There is no cost for feeding a broody hen since an incubator is used.

BLOCK DIAGRAM OF PROPOSED SYSTEM

DESCRIPTION OF BLOCK DIAGRAM

Block diagram consist of:
i. Power supply
ii. Sensor (humidity and Temperature)
iii. PIC Microcontroller
iv. Step down Power supply Circuit
v. Lamp
vi. Dc motor
vii. Fan
viii. LCD
Power Supply:
The main function of this block is to provide the required amount of voltage to circuit. It will
step down the voltage to 12v AC (Alternating Current) and this AC will be converted to DC
(Direct Current). Microcontroller use less than 5V therefore 5V regulator is require to
provide this voltage to Microcontroller.

Temperature and Humidity sensors:

This is the main part of circuit that senses temperature and Humidity. This sensors will be
placed in different position of the incubator for maximum efficiency.
The Sensors will be inputs to microcontroller which will be used to trigger outputs to the
system
Microcontroller:
This is the controller or processor of system. We are going to use a microcontroller which
will receive inputs and process them according to the program and provide desired output to
the system.
Display (LCD):
Receive data from microcontroller and display the temperature status in the incubator case.
Motor
The motor will assist in driving the egg roller periodically.

CHAPTER THREE
METHODOLOGY:
Introduction:
This chapter explains the methods used

Reading through websites

Reading different books

Consultation of some experts

This is purposefully for external technical design review. As they have much experience,
electronics experts can perform external technical design assessments to evaluate potential
project risks. So this will also be among of our method to reach our objective.

Since most of Poultry farmers are conducting their activities locally or with low knowledge
in agriculture especially Poultry farming we did conduct Group discussions to four (2)
farmers Happy Ntasima located at New forest Poultry farm and John Msangi Located at
Block T near Mwanjelwa.
As the result of all group discussions we found that most of poultry farmers are not
satisfied with their incubation system and do not get enough profit, hence they supported the
need to develop automated incubation system. We came up with a fact that the Poultry
industry has several setbacks one of them is poor Technological tools used.
One of the ways to solve those problems is to introduce the automated system to
enhance production and Benefit.

Questionnaires

The closed and opened questions will be given to people dealing with poultry farming
whereby they will fill the answer of those questions
The closed and open questionnaire are used and provided to the poultry farmers and give the
required answer that we will help to make the proposal system.

CLOSED QUESTIONNARE

Table 2. Closed Questionnare

OPEN QUESTIONNARE

Table 3. Open Questionnare

Data analysis:
In this phase, the selection of components will be done according to data collected. This will
be captured in such a way that they can be translated into actual use cases for the system. The
outcome of this analysis will lead to requirements specifications.

Data Collection
Transformer

The aim of the transformer is to provide power to the internal power and step down the
voltage that needed to the internal components.

12 transformer

6 transformer

Input = (220-230) V Ac

Input = (220-230) V Ac

Output= 12V Dc

Output=6V Dc

Output current (mA) =1000 mA

Output current (mA) =500 mA

Frequency = 50 Hz

Frequency = 25 Hz

Fed to rectifier bridge

Fed to rectifier bridge

3. fans
The fan will be used to cool down the temperature when it exceeds to the normal
temperature

DC Fan

Cooling Fan

Reduce the temperature easily

Reduce the temperature at

greatly time

Use the DC current

Use the AC current

Operation and storage

temperature 10c to 70c and 40c
to 75c

Voltage 12 Vdc,Op Voltage 8

- 13.5 Vdc,Ic 0.09 amp n Ip
1.08 W

Relay
Are used for switching of the components that are used to the proposal circuit
10

6V relay

12V relay

Use 6 voltage

Use 12 voltage

Use 138 mA

Use 200 mA

Rectifier diode
This component used to convert the AC voltage to DC voltage, Comprise of 4 diode.

1N4007

1N4006

Make a full wave bridge

rectifier

Make a full wave bridge rectifier

Voltage 1000V,rms reverse

700V,output current 1A,
capacitance 8

Voltage 800V,rms reverse

560V,output current 1A,
capacitance 8

Temperature and humidity sensor

This is the sensor that are used to detect and send the information to the PIC
Microcontroller. Is the basic part of the circuit.
DHT11

DHT22

3 to 5V power and I/O

3 to 5V power and I/O

Good for 0-50C

temperature readings 2C
accuracy

Good for -40 to 125C

temperature readings 0.5C

Body size 15.5mm x 12mm

x 5.5mm

Body size 15.5mm x 12mm x

5.5mm

Lamp
The great use of lamp is to provide the temperature to the eggs in order to provide
good hatchability

11

Filament bulb

Antique Light Bulb

50W

60W

PIC Microcontroller
There are two types of PIC that can be suitable to my project.
i.

PIC 18F4455

Program Memory (bytes of 24K and 12288 # of single word instruction),

Data Memory (SRAM of 2048 and EEPROM of 256),I/O of 35,Comparators
of 2,support SPP and Timers of 1/3. 40 pins
ii.

PIC 18F4550

Program Memory (bytes of 32K and 16384 # of single word instruction),

Data Memory (SRAM of 2048 and EEPROM of 256),I/O of 35,Comparators
of 2,support SPP and Timers of 1/3. 40 pins
Transistors
The transistor used to bias the voltage that will be used to the internal
components
i.

CL100

Polarity NPN,Pc 0.6W,frequency 80Mhz,Max Vcb 60V, Max Vce 50V, Max
Veb 1V,Max Ic 1A
ii.

BC547

Polarity NPN,Pc 0.6W,frequency 80Mhz,Max Vcb 50V, Max Vce 45V, Max
Veb 6V,Max Ic 100mA and 625mW
iii.

2N3904

Polarity NPN,Pc 0.6W,frequency 80Mhz,Max Vcb 50V, Max Vce 40V, Max
Veb 6V,Max Ic 200mA and Pd 625mW
iv.

2N3906

Polarity PNP,Pc 0.6W,frequency 80Mhz,Max Vcb 40V, Max Vce 40V, Max
Veb 5V,Max Ic 200mA and Pd 625mW

12

Capacitor
Used to store and filter the current that will be essentials to the internal
components.
i.

2.2F

ii.

1F

Can be tolerate to 10.5 v

Can be tolerate to 10 v

iii.

1000uF Can be tolerate to 12 v

iv.

100uF

Can be tolerate to 11

LCD display
Used to display the temperature of the system

CONCLUSION
Due to the above Founding's we did make a step ahead to the next stage in making a
successful project. We also acknowledge the support we got from the farmers as well as
online help we got.

System design:

After collecting of data and relevant materials, we will identify the interacting components
that make up the system. An architecture review will be designed and at the end of this phase
a circuit of proposed system will be designed and also microcontroller will be 13rogrammed
and ensure that the system conforms to the previously defined requirements.

13

Hardware Design
We will design the master controller circuit that will control the humidity and temperature,
power supply circuit and lamp control circuit. Software designing

Software Design
The PIC Microcontroller programming will be in this designing category.
Mechanical Design
Since our project requires the use of incubator case we will design the incubator case in
by using woods.
The egg roller is very important in order to change the position of eggs. The position of
egg must be change two times every day until hatching.

DATA ANALYSIS

After collection of data we come up with the varieties list of devices which can be used in
our project based on two circuits
Power supply circuit
14

This circuit is to give power to other components in the circuit. The power supply will be
made out of the analyzed components.
Master Controller circuit
Master circuit is to read the input data from temperature and humidity sensor and store in
variable before display on the LCD screen.
The master circuit also controls the output fan.
When the CPU detect the value of temperature is high than suitable value, the lamp will off
And when the CPU detect the value of humidity is high than suitable value, the fan will on. It
can make the suitable condition in good status for egg incubation process

12V TRANSFORMER
The aim of chosen this transformer is used to provide the required
voltage and current to the internal components. And provide 12 V
that will be used to the internal parts.
Graphs.
FULL WAVE BRIDGE RECTIFIER

1N4007 are chosen due to the torelarance of voltage drop across the diode. And must
be 4 in order to make a full wave bridge rectification. And have a less capacitance so
switching ON/OFF is so easy

The full wave bridge rectifier is designed to convert an AC sine wave to an full wave
pulsating DC signal
The operation of the bridge rectifier can be summarized as:
1. When Vs (t)>0, then D1 and D2 are on while D3 and D4 are off.
2. When Vs (t) <0, then D1 and D2 are off while D3 and D4 are on

15

Why we choose bridge rectifier

The ripple voltage is low and of higher frequency in case of full-wave rectifier so
simple filtering circuit is required

A diode 1N4007 bridge rectifier is simple to build. It needs no control, no active

switches and just a small number of devices.
Calculation associated
Vo = Vi 2Vt
=12 (2 * 0.7)
=12 1.4
=10.6 V
graphs

CAPACITOR

The output of the rectifier is pulsating DC. This pulsating DC is converted into pure
DC using filter. The filter used in this circuit is LC filter, but practically we wont use
inductor because it is bulky. The value of capacitor

Depends upon the output voltage and output current. To calculate the value of
capacitor the following formulae is used
16

Q = C x V equation (1)
Q = C x IR
Q = I x RC
Q = I x T equation (2)

Substitute equation (2) in equation (1)

IxT=CxV
C = (I x T) / V
Here output voltage is V = 5 DC
Here output current is I = 1.5 amps
Here the input voltage is AC 230V, 50 Hz. The output of the transformer is 5V AC,
50 Hz, here in transformer
output of the frequency is 50 Hz because transformer frequency remains constant. So
f = 50 Hz,
T = 1/2 f
= 1 / 2 x 3.14 x 50 Hz
= 3.184713376 x

Here output current is I = 1.5 amps

C = (1.5 x 3.184713376 x 10) / 5
C = 9.554140128 x 10
C = 955.41 x 10
C = 955 uF

The value of capacitor is 955 uF at this value of capacitor are not available so that we
have to select the value nearer to it so we use C =1000 uF.

graphs

VOLTAGE REGULATOR
7805 is a voltage regulator integrated circuit.
17

The voltage regulator IC maintains the output voltage at a constant value.

7805 provides +5V regulated power supply.
Why 7805:

Wide range of input Voltage, Cheap and reliable and Suitable as input in our PIC
18F4550

Which requires 5v as input voltage

Voltage regulator

Table 5. Voltage Regulator

18

graphs

PIC18F4550
The PIC18F4550 have characteristic such as below:

Harvard architecture (enhanced flash & data EEPROM) 40 pin configuration

Crystal 4 MHz 48 MHz (to provide pulse for the PIC) internal 8Mhz

Have 5 ports (A-E) that can make it as input or output

Provide internal Analog to digital converter

Flash Memory 32 K byte, Data memory 2 K byte Provide internal PWM.

19

graphs
BC547 Transistor
Since the PIC output voltage is not sufficient to activate the relays we are going
To use a transistor so as to use ,The small amount of voltage to Trigger relay.

20

graphs
12v relay
Relays are switches that open and close circuits electromechanically or electronically.
Relays control one electrical circuit by opening and closing contacts in another circuit.
We chose the 12 v relay Because:

We easily trap its input from power supply and Break down resistance

Relay can switch AC and DC transistor can only switch DC

Can switch higher voltages than standard transistor

Can switch many contacts at once

graphs

LCD DISPLAY

LM016L LCD display are used to display the temperature and help the user of the system
to see what the voltage available.

Low power consumption, Clear view of details and Contrast adjust available

graphs.

DHT22 Sensor
Specifications:
3 to 5V power and I/O
21

Good for 0-100% humidity readings with 2-5% accuracy

Good for -40 to 125C temperature readings 0.5C
Body size 15.1mm x 25mm x 7.7mm
Why we choose DHT22:
It is both temperature and humidity sensor and More accurate and wide range of
temperature and humidity
graphs

12dc Fan
We choose the common dc fan specifications as follows:

Operation Temperature-10 to +70.(humidity: 35%~85%RH)

Storage Temperature-40 to +75.(humidity: 35%~85%RH)

Life ExpectancyVaries from each model

Dielectric Strength5mA MAX. at 500 VAC 60Hz one minute (between frame
and lead conductor)

Insulation Resistance10M at 500V DC one minute (between frame and lead

conductor)

Vibration Resistance TestApplied 5.30Hz, 0.04 peak to peak amplitude,

30~500Hz, 2G peak amplitude for five minutes to all three axis. .

NoiseExpressed as the value at 1m from air inlet side

graphs.

Chapter 4
FINDING AND RESULTS
4:1: Introduction

22

in this chapter we explains the finding and results due to the data
collections and data analysis that we conducted. From the data
analysis we have the findings of the devices that we express
below:In this chapter we have collected the finding and results which were obtained from
previous, chapter three during the process of data analysis and come out with the
specific component which used to create the circuit. From data analysis we have
the findings of the following devices:4:1:1 Diodes

The diode that we get are many but we have the option according to our needs and
the desired output.
From the results obtained in the graph of diode analysis above the different output
values given by different diodes are summarized in the table below.
Table : Values of diodes

S/N

Diode

Maximum current
Reverse

Maximum
voltage

1N4001

1000 ma

50V

1N4007

1000 ma

1000V

1N5401

3000 ma

100V

1N5408

3000 ma

1000V

Results
We decided to use 1N4001 which have the current handling capacity of 1A and the
maximum voltage handling capacity of 50V.In order to form bridge rectifiers which
produce the +12 V dc.
4:1:2 Capacitors

From the many capacitors and the calculations that we conducted in the data
analysis. We made the graphs that state all the capacitors and their specifications.
From the results obtained in the graph of capacitor analysis above the output
values given by different capacitors are summarized in the table below.
Table :Values of capacitors

S/N

Capacitor/Specification

Output voltage(DC)

1F

+10V

23

2.2F

+10.5V

100F

+11V

1000F

+12V

Results
We decide to use 1000F capacitor which brings the output voltage of +12Vdc. And
during voltage regulation we decided to use 1F capacitor which produces +10Vdc
which supplied to the electronic component which require less than +12V dc to
operate.
4:1:3 Voltage Regulators

From the results obtained in the graph of Voltage regulators analysis above the
output values given by different regulators are summarized in the table below
Table :Values of voltage regurators

S/N

Voltage
Regulator/Specification

Out put voltage(DC)

IC7805

+5V

IC555

+3.5V

Since the component of our circuit such as PIC microcontroller, Sensor, I/O interface
(RS232) and Line driver (MAX 232 IC) operate by using only +5V dc then we
decided to use IC7805 as the voltage regulator in our circuit.
4:1:4 LCD display

According to the results obtained above we found that all collected LCD display
have the ability to display the required messages but we decided to use LM016L
(16x2) LCD Screen due to the fact that It has 2 lines and each line take 16
characters. Therefore the first message is displayed at the first line while the
second message is displayed at the second line.
4:1:5 PIC (Programmable Interface Controller)

From the results obtained during simulation we found that all tested PIC operate in
the same manner but we decide to use PIC 16F877A as it easily programmed by
using Micro c programming compiler to accept the input and give the desired
output. Also it has the following properties:i.

ii.

iii.

24

iv.

v.

vi.

4:1:6 Complete Circuit

25

Figure 6.Simulation in proteus

26

Chapter 5
Conclusion and recommendations
Conclusion
Designing of Automatic Eggs incubator is the project that provide
hatching of eggs automatic. Used to control the temperature and
humidity that will be provide the required needs of the eggs to hatch. It
doesnt need frequently user control of the system. The hatching of eggs
by using this system will be at the required nature of the chicken hatching
periods.
This project use fans and lamps in order to provide the temperature
required for the hatching. When the temperature exceeds to the normal
temperature the system will power on the fan and power off lamp in order
to reduce the hot. And when the temperature is fall from the required
temperature the system will power on lamp and power off fan till the
temperature reach its required temperature. And in this case the system
will provide the needed temperature for hatching.
The first chapter explain the Objectives (general and specific), the
importance of the proposed system and the scope and limitation of the
proposed project.
The second chapter explains the eggs hatching requirements, the existing
system, the proposed system and how the proposed system will eliminate
errors of the existing system.
The third chapter came up of the methods that will help to get the desired
output contains of data collection, hardware and software, mechanical
designing and the analysis of data.
The fourth chapter explains the findings and the results of the projects,
contains the picture of simulation and how it works and the
interconnection of the components.

27

Recommendations
Based on the evidence of the failure of the existing and not reach the
needs of the user needs of the system, the proposed system will
eliminate those errors and it will be beneficial to the poultry.
The proposed system is cost-effective and will increase productivity and
also will reduce number of workers for the caring and turning of eggs.
The project can be constructed within the 2 weeks, it can be carried out
to the well ventilation room and it will be used to the poultry farmers .
The missing of PIC Microcontroller force us to use Relay, and this relay will
be used for switching either on lamp and off fan or off fan and on lamp
due to the switching button.

28

REQUIREMENTS:
s/n
1

ITEM
Transformer

2
3
4

Wooden board
Fan
Cooling fan

Relays

Aluminum sheet

Aluminum rods

Bearings

9
10
11
12

Voltage regulator
Rectifier diodes
Diodes
Temperature &
Humidity Sensor

SPECIFICATION
input:220V-250V,
output:12V AC
270 X 1500 X 20 mm
12 DC
12 DC With heat sink &
AIR pipe
6 V , 138mA
12V , 200mA
1000 X1000 mm

QTY
1

COST
15,000

1
1

20,000
10000
15,000

1
1
1

5,000
5,000
20000

2 m long 1.6 cm
diameter
1.5 cm diameter , 1 cm
thickness
+5Vdc (IC 7805)
1N4007
Standard
DHT22

20000

24000

1
4
4
1

5,000
4,000
3,000
30000

DHT03

1
5

20000
10000

13

Filament Bulb

50 W

14

PIC Micro-controller

PIC 18F4550

30,000

15

Transistors

10000

16

Small Stepper motor

CL100,BC547,2N3904,
2N3906
ROB 10551

20000

17
18
19

Breadboard
Breadboard wires
Resistors

50 X 50 mm
pairs
100k,100k,100k,100k

1
12
10

15000
15000
10,000

29

20
21
22
23
24
25

Capacitors
Display
Connecting wires
Soldering wire
Circuit board
Internet surfing
Total

2.2k,2.2k,1k,1k,56k,56k
2.2uF,2.2uF,1Uf
Seven segment
2m
1.5m
10x15 inches
3G data bundle

3
2
1
1
1
-

15000
10000
5,000
5,000
5,000
30,000
361,000/=

Table 7. Requirements of components

STATIONERY
S/N Item

Specifications

Qty

Tshs

Print page 80 @500

40,000

@500
@2000
@2000
Copy page 80 @50

2
2
1
1

1,000
4,000
2,000
4,000

SMART INCUBATORAZLINA BINTI

BASHARUDIN
Ruler
Marker pen
Tape measure
SMART INCUBATORAZLINA BINTI
BASHARUDIN
pencil

@500

1,000

A4 blank paper

@10000

10,000

1
2
3
4
5

Total

62,000

Table 8. Stationary costs

Reference
http://www.hagen.com/hari/docu/incub1.html (Artificial incubation applied
to small numbers of artificial bird eggs) retrieved 21 st Feb 2013
http://poultry.allotment.org.uk/keeping-turkeys/incubating-hatching
retrieved 21st Feb 2013
30

SMART INCUBATOR-AZLINA BINTI BASHARUDIN Faculty of electronics and

Computer Engineering University Teknikal Malaysia Melaka 2011
http://www.wisc-online.com/objects/viewobject.aspx?ID=SSE102 how to
make a full wave bridge rectifier retrieved 17 th July 2013
http://www.digikey.com/techxchange/thread/2781 how to use a voltage
regulator retrieved at 17th July 2013
http://www.8051projects.net/tags/proteus-simulation-tutorial how to
simulate by using proteus retrieved at 20th July 2013

31