A transformation is a general term for four specific ways to manipulate the shape of a point, a line, or

shape. The original shape of the object is called the object and the final shape and position of the
object is the image under the transformation.

Types of transformations in math

• Translation
• Reflection
• Rotation
• Dilation

A combined transformations means that two or more transformations will be performed on one object.
For instance, we could perform a reflection and then a translation on the same point.

Flip!
Turn!
Reflection is basically a 'flip' of a shape over the
"Rotation" means turning around a center:
line of reflection.
The distance from the center to any point on
Every point is the same distance from the central
the shape stays the same.
line (line of reflection) ! ... and ... The image has the
same size as the original object.

Slide!

In Geometry, "Translation" simply means

Moving

Every point of the shape must move:

• the same distance

• in the same direction.

Translations: Interactive Activity

After any of those transformations (turn, flip or If one shape can become another using Turns, Flips
slide), the shape still has the same size, area, and/or Slides, then the two shapes are called
angles and line lengths. Congruent

An enlargement is a transformation that produces

an image that is the same shape as the original, but is
a different size. Enlargement is a transformation in
which each point of an object is moved along a
straight line. The straight line is drawn from a fixed
point called the centre of enlargement.

The distance the points move depends on the scale

factor.

Resize! Enlargement. In enlargement, the centre of enlargement is the only

invariant point.
The shape becomes bigger or smaller. To
resize, just do this for every corner: Scale factor =

• draw a line from the central point to the

corner
• increase (or decrease) the length of that
If the scale factor is greater than 1, the image is an
line
enlargement.
• put a dot at the new point
If the scale factor is between 0 and 1, the image is a
Then just connect the dots for the resized
reduction
shape!