Jeremy Harmer

Three broad categories (Julian Edge) Slips: misktakes which students can correct

themselves. Errors: mistakes which they cant correct themselves so they need explanations. Attempts: when the student tries to something but does not yet know the correct way of saying it. Sources for the ERRORS L1 interference at the level of sounds, grammar, word usage. Developmental errors: through overgeneralizationnatural acquisition process interlanguage.

 Teachers assessing students: George Perry Medals: it is what we give students for something well Mission: it is the direction we give them to improve. It is important to give feedback on what students say rather

than just on how they say it.

Ways of assessing our students work: Comments. Marks and grades. Reports. Students assessing themselves: This is bound up with the whole matter of learner autonomy. Do you think this is right? Ask them to give themselves marks or a grade. can do statements from ALTE. ROA: record of achievement.

 Accuracy and fluency:

Non-communicative activities: correct for accuracy. Communicative activities: correct for fluency. Key ideas:

Teachers intervention. The best answer to the question of when to intervene in

learner talk is: as late as possible (Lynch)

Feedback on accuracy work:

Repeating. Echoing. Statement and question. Expression. Hinting. Reformulation.

Feedback during fluency work:

Gentle correction. Recording mistakes. After the event.

 During the writing process we will be

responding rahter than correcting.

Responding: How successful it has been (medal) before suggesting how it could be improved (mission). Notes on the margin of the students work. Notes on a separate sheet of paper. We can say what we liked, how we felt about the text and what we think the student might do next time. Correcting: Utilizar correction codes. Ticks against good points. Underlining problems. Comments at the end.

 Training students and involving them: Teach students the correction code and let them correct their own pieces of writing. Use peer review. Teach them to monitor themselves with a checking list.