Ionic Compounds Notes Elements pure substances found on the periodic table Compound 2 or more elements bonded together

together Symbol shorthand used to identify elements Formula 2 or more symbols put together to identify compounds Atom building block of matter Molecule 2 or more atoms bonded together

2. What is an Ion? Ions are electrically charged particles. They have either lost or gained electrons. Positive ions are called cations. Cations are formed from metals, so they are found on the left of the staircase on the periodic table. Cations are ions that have lost one or more electrons. Examples: Na+, K+, Ca2+, and Mg2+

Negative ions are called anions. Anions are formed from nonmetals and are found on the right of the staircase on the periodic table. Anions are ions that have gained or received one or more electrons. Examples: F-, Cl- and O2-

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3. What Happens to Electrons in Ionic Compounds? In an ionic compound, electrons are transferred from a metal to a nonmetal. o o The metal atom (cation) loses an electron to become a positive ion. The nonmetal atom (anion) gains an electron to become a negative ion.

o Lewis dot diagrams can be used to demonstrate this relationship.

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Try drawing the transfer of electrons with Lewis Dot Diagrams for the following ionic compounds: Magnesium and Oxygen

Sodium and Sulfur

Barium Chlorine

Calcium Bromine

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4. How do I determine the charge of an ion? In general: Alkali Metals have a charge of 1+. Alkaline Earth Metals have a charge of 2+. Boron Family metals have a charge of 3+. Carbon Family elements can have a charge of 4+ or 4-. Nitrogen Family nonmetals have a charge of 3-. Oxygen family nonmetals have a charge of 2-. Halogens have a charge of 1-. Noble gases are stable, so they do not form ions. Transition metals typically have a charge of 1+, 2+, 3+, or 4+.

Group # IA IIA IIIA IVA VA VIA VIIA VIIIA #valence e1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

#e- gained/lost 1 e- lost 2 e- lost 3 e- lost *shared* 3 e- gained 2 e- gained 1 e- gained *none* Ion charge +1 +2 +3 +4,-4 -3 -2 -1 0

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5. What are Ionic Compounds? Compounds that are composed of an anion and a cation. Most ionic compounds are salts. Ionic compounds are held together by ionic bonds.

6. How do I Write the Name of an Ionic Compound? The name of an ionic compound has two parts. The cation is named first and then the anion. Example: NaCl is sodium chloride. Most cations have the same name as their element. Examples: sodium, potassium, magnesium, gold, silver, etc. The root of the name of anions composed of a single atom are found on the periodic table. These anions change the last part of the original elements name to the suffix -ide. Example: F fluorine and the ion, F- , is fluoride. Practice naming the following: KBr

LiF

MgS

CaO

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7. How do I Write the Formula for an Ionic Compound? Follow a simple rule: The electrical charge must equal zero!!! The correct formula contains the fewest positive and negative ions that are needed to make the total electrical charge zero. For example, the formula for potassium fluoride is KF.

If more than one ion is needed to reach zero charge, subscripts are used to indicate more than one of that ion. Example: CaCl2 is calcium chloride. Use the criss-cross method of determining these subscripts. Move the number of the charge on the ion down to the subscript of the opposite ion.

Reminder for criss-cross method: 1. Dont use criss-cross when the positive and negative charges add up to zero. Example: Ca+2 O-2 Correct formula - CaO Inc0rrect formula Ca2O2

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Try these: Lithium iodide

Sodium oxide

Calcium fluoride

Magnesium phosphide

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