Common Rail Direct Injection (CRDi) Diesel Engine in Hyundai Tucson

2011 Automobile Maintenance
Advanced Course for the

Industrial Technical
Instructors
Cotntnon Rail
Direct Inj ection
D esel Engine

In
Hyundai Tucson
Class No.: f\()"
~ ~ - - - - -
Instructor: Lin, Jin-jih
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HVUnORI
Practice: Fuel System Analysis
Topic : Oil Pressure Test for Low-pressuse pipe
Time : 20 minutes
1. The fuel system of CRDi D-2.0
. Pressure Pu
mp
II
Fuel Filter
Common rail
I 1
Low Pressure Pum
p
2. Test of low-pressure area for CRDi D-2.0 engine fuel syst
- Please connect the pressure gauge according to t
gauge
@)Low-preSSl.lre gauge so
It pipe
@connect.or
(connect to t
he pipe)
. l:b
IIIIICJll= CD
2
Injector
Fuel Case
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HYUnORI
3. Measurement Method
1. Start the engine first and then close the engine after 5 minutes.
2. Connect the measurement gauge and then select checking, fuel pump starting,
then push the bottom of "start".
3. Read the figure on the pressure gauge and fill the blank.
Pressure of low pressure
Unit Standard Value Judgement and Analysis
(measurement)
"'-\. L
kg/cm2
OK
4. Symptons Research
Pressure of low pressure
Unit Reasons Analysis
(measurement)
o 1.5 kg/cm2
\ Qftj{-X
it' . ~ A ~ . \
I "(S I
I
0 1 tj'_ ,
,
1.5 ~ 3 kg/cm2
\;\;oI[I/Y', - ~
4 ~ 6
kg/cm2
C \ocv 6 1
. 'l-
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K
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Oil Pressure Measurement of Low Pressure Pipe (D-2.0)
Using electrical pump
Pressure Measurement Judgement
1 1.5-3kg/cm' Normal
2 4-6kg/cm' Block in Fuel Filter or low pressure pipe
3 0-1.5kg/cm'
Leakage of low pressure pipe or
breakdown of electrical pump
Attention:
1. There is some pressure difference between WGT and VGT in Euro-3o
WGT: Standard value is between 2.1'"""2.6 bar
VGT : Standard value is between 2.3'"""2.8 bar
2. All cars in Euro-4 are VGT
VGT : Standard value is 4bar v'
3. The overflow valve in Euro-3 is installed in fuel filter
4. The overflow valve in Euro-4 is installed in the face side of high pressu
re pump, by using 16mm bolts set
3
HYUnORI
- 'fopic . Measm enrent the quantity of fuel i etm n by using Cft'f' 1000 spedf
ic tools -
Mobile check
Time : 20 minutes
1. The quantity of fuel return check for injector (engine can be starte
d)
1. Separate the fuel return hose according to picture 1
2. Install plunger A according to picture 2
3. Connect injector fuel return hose connector B , clear hose, test
cup and mount
according to picture 3 .
Picture 1 Picture 2 Picture 3
4. After starting the engine, do the following steps
- one second in idle speed ~ 30 seconds in 3,000rpm Stop t
he engine ~
Result observation (Picture 4)
- Do the above steps twice in order to
2. Results judgement
Results,.-..:.: _____________ -!.
4
~
HYUnORI
- IOPIC: Measurement of the quantIty of fuel return by uSIng CR I 1000 spe
cific tools -
Static check
Time : 20 minutes
High Pressu
re Gauge
Fuel Pressure
Adjust Valve Connec
tor

..... ..,., . mG

Pressure Sensor Connector
Parts for checking the quantity of fuel return
1. Engine can not be started
1. Separate the fuel return hose according to picture 1
3. Connect injector fuel return hose connector B , clear hose, test
cup and mount
according to picture 3
4. Separate each connector in injectors
Picture 1
Picture 2 Picture 3
5
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Picture 4 Picture 5
Picture 6
4. After separating the fuel pressure sensor connectors according to pic1
connect the battery and pressure sensor by using pressure gauge.
5. Separate the pressure adjust valve in the input of fuel pump accrodinf
-Euro-3 (output control )7 one control way
-Euro-4 (input and output contro1)72 control ways
6. After separate the connector of fuel pressure adjust valve according
connect fuel pressure adjust valve to the battery,
- to prevent from the damage of fuel pressure adjust valve.
Hope to connect to the battery only in the measurement. (within 5 rr.
6
(8)
HVUnORI
-
Picture 7
Picture 8
Picture 9
7. Connect the connector of separated fuel adjust valve by using fake
- only for Euro-4 (if it is for Euro-3, the way for fuel pressure
input and output, then the fake resistance needs to be set.
- If fake resistance is not set yet, the electrical fuel pump could not v
test of high pressure pump.
8. Turn on the power switch of high pressure gauge
9. Start the engine - 5 seconds
- not more than 5 seconds, the rpm has to over 200 rpm when the en
The battery must be good for a good test result.
10. Read the highest figure in high pressure gauge according to picture 8.
11. After observing the fuel quantity of fuel return clear hose according to
fill the blank and analysis the result.
7
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HYUnoRI
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2. Judgement for the quantity of fuel return in high pressure pump and injectors
Pressure of
High Pressure pump
Quantity of fuel return for
injectors
Quantity of
CASE Pressure of high pressure fuel return for Judgement
injectors
1
1000-1800
0-200mm Normal
(above1000)
2
0-1000 200-400mm
Breakdown of
(under 1000) (above 200mm) injector
Breakdown of
0-1000 0-200mm
high pressure
3
pump
(under 1000) (under 200)
(not enough
pressue)
8
Judgement
Checking Item
Change the injector
that over 200mm
Checking the line of
high pressure pipe
c:BY
HYUnORI
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Topic: Pressure measurement of high pressure pump by using CRT-I000
specific tools
Time
Connector for Fuel pre
ssure adjust valve
(!)
\%112:1:1

ID :fI &'J;;::

......-L. .....
Connector for
Pressure sensor
Parts for checking high pressure pump
1. Engine can not be started
1. After separating the high pressure pipe according to picture 1, please put
the cover to prevent
from the impurities go inside the injector (mark A). Install fuel adjust valv
e in common rail
(mark B) and 3 common rail plunger (mark C).
After '-''''' ... JL...... '
001 002
9
-
(DSeparate all injector pipe
-Torque in installing: 250-290kg.m
@put the cover to prevent from the impuriti
es go
inside the injector (mark A).
@Install fuel adjust valve in common rail
(mark B) and 3 plunger adjust valve (rna
rk C).
Judgemen
Picture 4
Picture 5
4. Separate the pressure adjust valve in the input of fuel pump accroding
-Euro-3 (output control one control way
-Euro-4 (input and output control ways
5. After separate the connector of fuel pressure adjust valve according 1
connect fuel pressure adjust valve to the battery,
-- to prevent from the damage of fuel pressure adjust valve.
Hope to connect to the battery only in the measurement. (within 5 r
10
c:B;>
HVUnORI
-
Picture 6
Picture 7
6. Connect the connector of separated fuel adjust valve by using fake re:
- only for Euro-4 (if it is for Euro-3, the way for fuel pressure d j u ~
input and output, then the fake resistance needs to be set.
- If fake resistance is not set yet, the electrical fuel pump could not v
test of high pressure pump.
7. Turn on the power switch of high pressure gauge
8. Start the engine - 5 seconds
- not more than 5 seconds, the rpm has to over 200 rpm when the en
The battery must be good for a good test result.
9. Read the highest figure in high pressure gauge according to picture 7
and analysis the result.
11
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2. Judgement for the quantity of fuel returnj for high pressure pump and injector
Pressure of High
pressure pump
3. Trouble Analysis
Pressure of
NO High pressure p
ump
1 1000-1500bar
2 0-1000bar
4 Obar
Attention:
Judgement Remarks
Judgement Remarks
-The situation of fuel filter needs to check before changing high pressure Pl
and to judge if the impurities exists inside
-If the impurities exists inside the fuel filter, necessary parts need to be ch(
including fuel tank, after clean them.
12
Course: HYUNDAI D-2.0 CRDi
Common Rail Direct Injection Diesel Engine
Instructor: Lin, Jin-jih
(8) HYUnORI Service Training
.
CRDi - Common Rail Direct Injection Diesel Engine
Outline
The introduction to CRDi and general engine
.. Turbocharger
;I Fuel System
.. The electronic diesel control system
d The control of Exhaust Gas Discharge
EURO-III EURO-IV
Cautions of repair
(8) HYUnORI nurvica Training
2
CROi - outline
Types
Models Engine
Displacement
CC(L)
CPI
JM Tucson
D-2.0 2000 cc
FO Trajet
CP3
HI Starex A-2.5 2500 cc
Delphi
HP Terracan J3-2.9 2900 cc
CRDi : Common Rail Direct Injection
CPt : Common Rail Pump 1
CP3: Common Rail Pump 3
(Ii/) HYUnDRJ Service Training
3
EMS
( Engine Management System)
Bosch
Bosch
Delphi
---------------------------
CROi - outline 4
CP1 0-2.0 CRDi Engine on two models
.. FOTrajet, ...... 1
JM . Tucson . 0. .. 1
(Ii/) HYUnORI !iHrvice Training

CRDi - outline
CP3 A-2.S CRDi
Engine on :
. Ht Starex
CRDi - outline
Delphi J3-2.9 CRDi
Engine on :
. HP Terracan
The Difference betweenCPl,CP3ahd . Delphi
CPt CP3 Delphi
The control of fuel
Outlet Inlet Inlet
quantity
Fuel Temperature
0 0
Sensor
Pressure Limit
0
Valve
Fuel Temperature
Easy to go Not Easy to Not Easy to
up go up go up
Low Pressure Electric
Gear Type Vanes Type
Pump Type
5
6
(8) HYUnCRJ !l .. ,rvice Training "
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0-2.0 CRDi - High Speed Direct Injection
7
Power UP and the Economy of Fuel Consumption
- SOHC 4 valves and swing rocker arms
- Turbocharger with inter cooler
- Bosch common rail electronic diesel control (EDC)
- Electronic controlled and high precision Injectors
are Installed in the center of the combustion chamber.
- Injection pressure reaches to 1,350 bar
Low Emission and Low NVH
- There is pilot Injection before main Injection
- Balance Shaft
- EGR System and Catalytic Converter
(E:/) HYUnDRI Service Training
.
The Development of Diesel Engine
8
The Development of Diesel Engine
90 92 94 96 98 200Q 02 04 06
Year
(E:/) HYUnDRI n,1rvice Training
0 -2.0 - High Speed Direct Injection
9
Items
HTI D-2.0f Engine
D-Engine
EMS Bosch
Model
Displacement (cc)
The Driven Way of
High Pressure Pump
The Control of Injectors
Fuel Injection
The Max. Fuel Pressure
The Control of Fuel Pressure
Heating Device
Valve Lash
(8) HYUnDRI Service Training
FC,LC,SM
1.se & 2.0e
Camshaft Gear
Inductive Current ( 20A )
Controlled by EMS
Pre-Injection
Main Injection
1350 bar
Outlet Control
Glow Plug
Fuel Heater
Coolant Heater
HLA

Timing Belt
10
Valve Driven System
- SOHC 4 valves and swing rocker anns
- Blacksmithing camshaft and hardening intake cams.
- Low friction roller and
minimized slipping component.
. Hydraulic Lash Adjuster maintain no or low noise .
. Camshaft drives CR pump
- Timing Driving System
- Belts drive camshaft and auto tensioner
(8) HYUnDRI f'lfJrvice Training
Driving Belt
11
cross-section driving belt
Main Engine Parts
- Oil pump is installed in the oil pan.
- Driven by crankshaft small gear
- Oil used: CE 10W30
12
Main Characteristics
- Peak of ignition pressure: 150 bar
- Forging crankshaft and
5 flat rolling main bearing
- Full balanced crankshaft and 8 reverse balanced
weight
- 2 balanced shaft are in the oil pan.
(Lancaster Type)
- Completely reliable moving components
(piston/bearing)
Balanced shaft module
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---- ------ --------- --- -- - - ---
Turbocharger
WGT
( Waste-gate Turbocharger)
VGT
13
(
)
".
"
( Variable Geometry Turbocharger)
(Ii/) HYUnDRI Service Training
.
Turbocharger 14
WGT (Waste-gate Turbocharger)
VGT (Variable Geometry Turboch _1T1lo_
. (Ii/) HYUnDRI n!)rvice Training
CRDi- WGT (Waste-gate Turbocharger)
15
System Chart
Inter Cooling
Inter cooling is the process that the air passes the inter cooler to reduce the
temperature of compressed air intake, and increases the density of oxygen
in the intake air. It is combined with the turbocharger, and obtain high level
and equal combustion, so the engine power is increased 15%.
(1i/) HYUnORI Service Training
CRDi - WGT (Waste-gate Turbocharger)
Waste-gate
Passage valve (Waste-gate I Regulation Valve) will reduce the exceed
manifold pressure (over boost) during high speed, and make turbocharger
system reach the peak of intake pressure to obtain highest boost reaction.
After accurate metering, waste-gate intakes the exhaust emission to the
turbocharger, and limits the speed of the turbocharger shaft to control the
boost pressure.
wastegate
Boost Pressure
Boost
Without
wastegate
Desired boost
Engine

(1i/) HYUnORI Training
Turbocharger
Turbine
In1et
16
CRDi - VGT ( Variable Geometry Turbocharger) 17
VGT ( Variable Geometry Turbocharger)
ECM control the solenoid valve (duty ratio) to change the vacuum
above the actuator. The actuator is connected with the connecting I
ever that pulls the rotation base. On the base, a cam is used to c
onnect with vanes and decides the angle of vanes.
1
1 Vacuum Pump 1---------. I Vans COlltrolactuator I
1
Vans control
----
Regulating Ring
actuator
Compressor
Housing

Turbocharger
Housing
(8) Training ,
Speed and high load:
Speed and low load:
The exhaust gas has large contact area, and the
turbocharger's reaction and speed goes up
(Max horse power is increased to 10-15%)
Because of narrow flow quantity area,
the motion is reached to highest.
(Max torque is increased to 5 -15%)
High Speed : Vanes Open Low Speed : Vanes Closed
Main Advantages of CRDi - VGT
.Improve the horse power (10 -15% ) :
High efficiency during low speed, and reduces the horse power loss of exhaust
during high speed
Improve the acceleration ability(10-15
%
) :
Improve the instant reaction
Improve the fuel consumption(5-10
0
/0) :
Effective engine output
.Fast warm-up :
Higher boost temperature, boost pressure, and exhaust back pressure .
Match the emission regulations easily:
Reduce the emission of smoke, control the air intake, lower the emission during
idle speed.
--=:::
20
Turbocharger
Cautions:
1. Never using air guns to blow vanes.
2.When the engine is just starting'
the oil isn't lubricated to the turbocharger,
please do not accelerate.
3.Never stop the engine suddenly.
4.Never depress the acceleration pedal heavily.
5.Replace the oil periodically.
6.Never make the vehicle coast after ignition switch is
off during it is running.
(E/) HYUnORI Service Training
21
.
CRDi- Clean
22
Clean
Common Rail system needs higher pressure, so it needs smaller injector holes and
more accurate adjustment compared to conventional injection system. Therefore,
when repairing common rail system ,you have to remain it absolutely clean.
The hole of
injectors

',.., ,
Hair
(E/) HYUnORI Training

enRi
23
Fuel System
(Ii/) HYUnORI Service Training
.
CDRi
Fuel Using Information:
@ Super diesel has to be used. (The sulphur contentis lower than 50ppm)
@ Normal diesel content inspection:
Impurities (inspected by eyes)
- Metals (inspected by magnet)
- Water (Diesel and water separation inspection)
- Lubrication (inspected by hands)
- The color of the diesel
(inspected by eyes)
- $-
-.
- , -
24
(Ii/) HYUnORI Snrvice Training

0-2.0 Introduction
25
CRDI-D ENG FUEL SYSTEM ,1
Common rail
Injector
Pressure
regUl ator
valve
low Dressure DumD
High pressure pump
Fuel filter
Low Pressure Line - Fuel Filter
26
Components Explanation
-Because of several reasons, common rail system needs more pur
ified fuel compared to conventional diesel system.
-Especially in cold climate, water and solid contaminants will ca
use worn, corruption, clog in filter, corruption on the surface of
metal, pressure loss, and less lubrication in high pressure pump.
- In order to reduce these latent problems, there are Bosch fuel f
i1ter and fuel pre-heater with water separation 0
- Main Components:
CD Main Filter
Fuel Temperature Switch
Water Separate Sensor
@ Fuel Pre-heater
Air drain pump (only for A-2.S J-2.9 model)
(8) HYUnDRI ~ ' r v i c e Training
Low Pressure Line - Fuel Heating System
System Explanation
- Purpose: To prevent diesel wax occurred
( To stabilize the diesel in cold climate)
- Working Temperature:
On : lower than -5C
Off : higher than 3C
Wiring Diagram
Battery
Fuel Temperature S
witch
Fuse Box
Fuel Temperature
Switch
27
.
High Pressure Line - Pressure Control Valve
- Main function: According to the engine speed and load, injection pressure will be
controlled.
CD High engine speed and load: The perturbation motion in combustion chamber is
high, so it needs higher pressure fuel to help combustion.
28
Low engine speed and load: If the injection pressure is too high during low load,
the penetration pressure of injectors will be over, some fuel will directly injected to
the cylinder wall. This will produce smoke and unburned hydrocarbon.
- The process of pressure control:
CD The rail pressure is measured by rail pressure sensor.
The signal is sent to EDC ( Electronic Diesel Control)
According to the engine speed and load, proper fuel quantity is calculated.
@ PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) controls the pressure control valve, and reaches t
he pressure needed.
(8J HYUnORI ~ i ) r v i c e Training .

- - ----- ---- ----- -_.'", '-'-
- Type:
29
CD Outlet Control: It is located at the end of the accumulator line, increases or
reduces the total quantity of fuel return, and controls the output pressure of
high pressure pump.
Inlet Control: It is combined with high pressure pump and controls the fuel
quantity from supply pump to high pressure pump.
* Outlet Control Type :
Advantages : The rail pressure can moved up instantly.
Drawbacks : When the car is decelerated suddenly, the unnecessary rail
pressure will be difficult to release, and it wastes motion of energy.
* Inlet Control Type:
Advantages: When the car is decelerated suddenly, the rail pressure can
be controlled accurately to avoid consuming motion of energy.
Drawbacks: The rail pressure cannot moved up instantly.
(E/) HYUnDRI Service Training
.
- 2006 Tucson uses Outlet" Inlet Control Type p
ressure control valve
- As showed below :
Trajet uses Outlet Control Type
pressure control valve
High Pressure Pump
Supply Pump
30
Control Valve
(E/) HYUnDRI Training

High Pressure Line -
The 0 eration of Pressure Control Valve Outlet Control
31
t
-----------------------------
High Pressure Line - High Pressure Pump
- Main Components:
CD Driving Shaft
Offset Cam
Pumping Parts and Pump Piston
@ Inlet Valve
Outlet Valve
Inlet Valve I r-I ------,
. Outlet Valve
32
(8) HYUnORI Training .

High Pressure Line - Fuel Common Rail
33
- Main function:
High pressure accumulator is commonly named fuel common rail, it
stores high pressure fuel. Even when large fuel quantity is discharged,
the common rail still can maintain the internal constant pressure.
- Components :
CD Common Rail
From the inlet of high pressure pump ..
@ Rail Pressure Sensor
@ Fuel pressure limit valve
To the pipes of the injectors
.
D-Engine (2.0L)
34
Classification of injectors
These injectors have been produced since March,2003.
3 different type of distinguishing word X, Y;fa Z .
Injectors ofY mark must be installed on more than 2 cylinders.
Table of Injectors
Combination
Classification of Injectors Unit
X
y
Z
Situation 1 0 4 0
Situation 2 1 3 0
Situation 3 0 3 1
Situation 4 2 2 0
Situation 5 0 2 2
(8) HYUnORI ~ ~ ) r v i c e Training

High Pressure Line - Injectors
- Main function: <" ,I ..
( :
Vertically installed injectors inject the
proper quantity of fuel into combustion
chamber at the proper time.
How to attend this function:
CD Complete electronic control
In every short circle of injection,
multi-injection will be produced.
,
S I
"d " I G
I
;j
.................................................................. ............, ....I
Hydraulic Servo System
Hole Type Nozzle
* Initial operation current: 80V/20A
"
., I - "
35
.
Components Explanation Closed
- Components : CD t'
CD Fuel Return
Connector
Solenoid Valve
@ Fuel Inlet
Valve Ball
@ Drain Port
(j) Supply Port
@ Valve Control Chamber
Valve Control Plunger

@)
@) Supply Passage
Injector Needle
36
Open
(8) HYUnDRI Sl)rvice Training . .

i
J
Components Explanation:
- Operation :
CD Injectors closed ( no operation) :
Solenoid valve does not operate and drain port is closed.
Valve spring pushes the valve ball to drain port seat.
The pressure in valve control chamber is the same as nozzle chamber.
Injector s open ( Injection starting) :
37
Solenoid valve is operated by inductive current and the operation force is higher than the valve s
pring force of drain port opening. When drain port opens ' fuel will flow to fuel tank from valve c
ontrol chamber via fuel return pipes. This makes the pressure is not balanced between valve contr
01 chamber and nozzle chamber. The reduced pressure in valve control chamber makes the inject
or needle open and start to inject the fuel.
@ I njectors closed ( Injection finish) :
As long as the solenoid valve doesn't operate, valve spring will push down the armature, make
valve ball close the drain port 0 Drain port is closed to build pressure in control room.
This pressure let the pressure between valve control chamber and nozzle chamber obtain balance,
and nozzle is closed.
(8) HVUnORI Service Training
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- Pilot Injection:
25'" 15<>
5
0" -5" -10
0
. ./

rYJ

.
il\
L /"
."
1)/
.

1-
,... 2-'-:'

,.,

..

,\
. .A
-"
r.,..
"
"
.. ,

. .1
1 = Pilot Injection
2 = Main Injection
la = Combustion Pressure with Pilot Injection
2a = Combustion Pressure without Pilot Injection
38
(8) HVUnORI Snrvice Training .
Components Explanation :
- The Purpose of Pre-Injection:
Reduce Combustion Noise
CD Combustion Noise
HC Emission
@ Fuel Consumption (Injection beginning delayed)
- Working Condition:
Idle speed and a little engine load
- Principle:
Diesel engine will not combust immediately after fuel into cylinders.
Therefore, it will cause serious combustion noise when the diesel is ignited.
In order to reduce combustion noise and combust during idle speed, it
must increase evaporation and chemistry form to reduce the ignition time.
This effect could be obtained by a little quantity of injection before main
injection. It is called pre-injection 0
39
---------------------------------
EDC
40
Electronic Diesel Control
(EDC)

EDC - Input I Output
Input>
1. Mass AirFlow Sensor
"',' " .. ;.,. . ...
ECT
3. IAT Sensor
ECM
I Output>
1. Injectors
2. Fuel Rail Control Valve
3. Relay
- Main
- Glow Plug
- Cooling Fan
- Air Conditioning Fan
4. VAC Regulator of EGR
5. Pre-heater ( Coolant)
6. CAN
41
-------------------------------
EDC- ECM
- Clear Trouble Code:
42
When trouble codes occurred and were stored in ECM, only Hi-scan pro
can be used to clear codes in ECM.
- Required Signal of ECM Output:
Maintain the pressure constant in high pressure accumulator (Common
Rail) => P > 150 bar ( Instant pressure should be less than 150 bar)
To start and stop the actual injection sequence => CKP and CMP Signal
are normal.
ECM Connector
PLUG "K' PLUG "M"
40 CJ S 24:rrILLLLLLLLLILLLlXJ 6
d3 :; :::::::; : : : : : : : : : :
1002 81: I II I I I I r I, I I I I I I I HE
(8) HYUnORI Training
........ _ - -----.. _ -
EDC - General Items
43
- Emergency Mode:
When ECM is malfunctioned on important Input/Output Signal, it will switche
d to Emergency Mode 0 It will cause:
CD Reduce horse power
Reduce max. rpm
Without EGR (according to equipments)
- Emergency Stop
If the following system components got problem ' ECM will emergently stop t
he engine:
CD Injectors
CKPSensor
Pressure Control Valve
@ Fuel Leak
- Caution: When the engine is running or after the engine is stopped less than
30 seconds, do not repair the engine.
.
EDe - Heat Film Type Mass Air Flow Sensor ( AFS ) 44
- The principle of hot film sensor is to heat the sensor and transfer the air mass.
Compared to gasoline engine, mass air flow sensor of diesel engine is mainly the limit of E
GR. Intake air temperature is built in.
- Functions :
CD EGR Feedback Control
The correction of fuel quantity
when suddenly acceleration or deceleration.
Mass Air Flow Sensor
ECM
AFS Output (V)
89 t--i:------+--++---,
B+(12V)
reference (V)

IAT Output (V)
86
Ground

(8) HYUnORI SHrvice Training

EDC - Intake Air Temperature Sensor ( IAT )
45
[Characteristic Curve]
IAT Sensor is built in AFS
LI
-
..
....
Using NTC to detect the variation of temperature, so the!
\,
'.',
ensor's main function is to measure the intake te
.,
mperature.
j

, .. _-.......,-----
--
-
When malfunction occur, the temperature of IAT is set to
J.
50C.

.;..

Trouble Codes Symptom
Details EGR MIL
Inspection
DTC CC
Fuel
Fuel
Condition
=0 Closed
Limit
on
C001
Signal is lower than limit
(Signal <224mV)
Ignition
0110
C002
Signal is higher than the limit
y
Switch is
(Signal>4.97V)
ON
(Malfunction : 50C)
v ,_,"'v='yyyyy .. .. __r.wyv ''' y ,. y .. =V ."",WW'_''V_'_"W,,V
(/i/) HYUnDRI Service Training
.
EDC - Accelerator Position Sensor ( APS )
- Accelerator Position Sensor is used to detect driver's acceleration or
deceleration, and sends signal to ECM. ECM decides injection quantity and
proper timing by this signal. There are two sensors in APS
46
(Accelerator Position Sensor) , APS 1 and APS 2. APS 1 is the main sensor to t
ell ECM about driver's motion. APS 2 is the sub sensor to monitor APS 1 m
alfunctioned or not. The output value of APS 2 is half of APS 1.
APS1 reference
ECM
rp

-...t
... ,., .. .. -...... .'" ......
00
11111
APS1 Signal
_ ...
{-
'-.J
11M
APS1 Ground
-...I

APS2 reference
I
m r
(XI
L.. ...
APS2 Signal
.11

-{-
00
0
APS2 Ground
(-

(8; HYUnDRI Training

EDC - Crank Position Sensor (CKP) :
- Crank Position Sensor (CKP):
47
Crank Position Sensor is named CKP technically. The operation is to detect and
calculate the teeth (60-2) on the pulse gear, sends the position of every piston in
combustion chamber to ECM, and decide the actual injection timing. This important
information is calculated in ECM by using CKP sensor.
ECM
101
99
100
Ground
Signal (+)
Signal (-)
(F:/) HYUnORI Service Training
-----------------------------------
EDC - Camshaft Position Sensor (CMP)
48
- Camshaft Position Sensor (CMP)
Camshaft position sensor detects the initial position of camshaft by Hall effect.
Magnetic teeth are mounted to the camshaft and rotates with it. When teeth pass the
CMP Sensor, the magnetic field will transform the electron inside of the
semiconductor into current direction that passes through the chips. This causes short
voltage signal (Hall voltage), and let ECM know the location of 1stpiston's
compression stroke_
ECM
104
103
Ground
CAMSHAFT
POSITION
SENSOR
Sensor Signal N
I-t--------'--.......:....;+___; -<>
VM1
(F:/) HYUnORI Training
EDC - Rail Pressure Sensor (RPS)
- Rail Pressure Sensor (RPS) :
49
The main function of rail pressure sensor is to measure the instant pressure in the rail,
and sends the output voltage to ECM correspond to the operation voltage. To shorten
the inaccuracy in rail pressure sensor during pressure measurement, RPS must maintain
proper accuracy to operate fast.
ECM
RAIL PRESSURE
SENSOR
Signal
91
reference

Ground
92
"
.
EDC - Engine Coolant Temperature Sensor (ECT)
50
- Engine Coolant Temperature Sensor (ECT) :
Engine coolant temperature sensor is located in the passage of engine coolant on the top of cylinder
head. It detects the engine coolant temperature, and send signal to ECM.
It senses the variation of the temperature sensor.
The higher temperature is, the resistance of temperature sensor is lower.
ECM controls the injection timing by this signal, and limit the idle speed of the engine by ECT
output. At the same time, when the ECT value is higher than the value in ECM, ECM will reduce the
fuel quantity.
ECM
Temperature gauge
Ground
85 1---------11---
Signal
(BJ HYUnORI Training

EDC - Brake Switch
51
- Brake Switch :
For safety, there are two brake lamp switches. Every time when every driver depresses
the brake pedal, it will send ON! OFF signal of brake system to ECM.
When brake lamp switch 1 is on, brake lamp switch 2 must be off. By using this opposite
signal output, ECM can check the reasonable operation of switches.
To brake lamp
Brake Switch 1
1
2 VB
____ -+3 __
4
VM1
Brake Switch 2
------------------------------------------------------------------------
EDC - Injectors
- Injectors :
52
Sorento Uses hydraulic servo system and electronic start components for
special injectors.
Inductive Current: 20A 1A, Current Maintained: 12A + 1A
114
o.z
P
1
G)
..
0
s:::
::::I
No.1 Injection
Injectors
,-+,
E G U
119 117 120 121 118
.-+-. .-+-.. ..-h
o.z "tJ o.z
o.z
"tJ
P
0
P p
0

4
CD
3
2
CD
..
r
..
G)
G)
G)
..
..
..
! 0 0
s::: s:::
0
s:::
::::I ::::I
::::I
No.4 Injection No.3 Injection No.2 Injection
Injectors = Injectors Injectors
t:f2
(E/) HYUnDRI S:,rvice Training
EDC - The Control System of Glow Plug
- Glow Plug System:
53
Glow plug system ensures effective cold start. It can shorten the warm-up time,
and directly affect the exhaust gas emission.
I Glow Plug Relay I
I Glow Plug I
l'
(/ij) HYUnDRI Service Training
.
EDC - The Control System of Glow Plug
54
- The glow time is decided by the temperature of engine coolant and engine speed.
I
I
Engine is
- Preheat system as three modes of operation __ . Start running
CD
/
'::O ! IG ON ---. '
1 Pre-glow: ___ ___ l I Pre-glo; I Start-glow'"
Coolant temperature rC) -20C -10C 20C 50 c
Glow time (Sec.) 12 8 3 0.7
Start-glow: Pre-glow has completed, but the engine doesn't start yet.
When the engine coolant temperature is lower than 60C, max glow time will maintain 30 seconds.
When the coolant temperature reaches 60C in 30 seconds, glow will be stopped.
Main-glow: After the engine starts, rpm is lower than 2500 and the quantity of fuel
injection is lower than 75cc / min
Coolant temperatureCC) -20C -10C 20C 40 c
Glow time (Sec.) 40 25 10 0
(/ij) HYUnDRI Training

------
EOC - EGR System
- EGR System:
Equipped with EGR, some exhaust gas will be inducted
into intake system of the engine. When reaching to some
level, increasing the rest exhaust gas will be positively
effective to energy transfer and exhaust gas discharge.
The EGR solenoid valve is controlled by PWM signal
produced by ECM.
ECM
16
Main Relay
VAOJUM
Ma:xJLATOR
(FOR EGR VALVE)
(8) HVUnORI Service Training
55
Solenoid valve
EGR valve
-------------------------------
EOC - 0-2.0 EGR System
EGR Cooler
The main purpose of EGR cooler is to reduce the emission temperature
of EGR, and promote volume efficiency when EGR is working.
(8) HVUnORI r;urvice Training
56
_ ~ I
EDC - EGR System
- General Concept of EGR System:
.... -. Intake
AFS Signal
(EGR Feedback Control)
Controlled
Vacuum
Pressure
(8) HYUnDAI Service Training
rpm
Intakeair
Vacuum Pressure
.... Input Signal
... Exhaust
EGR Emission
57
.
EDe - EGR System
The Timing of :
Engine speed is 11 00 3000 rpm
Coolant Temperature : ECT > 60 C
Atmospheric Pressure: Altitude is higher than 1700 meters
Mass Air Flow Sensor ( AFS ) is not malfunctioned
Injection quantity is less than 42 C.c.
... EGR is off during normal idle speed, release acceleration pedal
and EGR will operate 50 seconds.
EGROFF
EGRON
Driving
Idle Speed (NO APS)
I( 50 seconds )1
(8; HYUnDRI !: .. Training
58

EDC - EGR System
- General Concept of EGR System:
AFS Signal
(EGR Feedback Control)
Controlled
Vacuum
Pressure
rpm
Intakeair
1 Vacuum Pressure
..... Input Signal
Exhaust
c=::::- EGR Emission
57
.
EDe - EGR System 58
The Timing of :
Engine speed is 11 00 3000 rpm
Coolant Temperature : ECT > 60 C
Atmospheric Pressure: Altitude is higher than 1700 meters
Mass Air Flow Sensor (AFS ) is not malfunctioned
Injection quantity is less than 42 c.c.
'* EGR is off during normal idle speed, release acceleration pedal
and EGR will operate 50 seconds.
EGROFF
EGRON
Driving
Idle Speed (NO APS)
I( 50 seconds )1

FO D-2.0L and JM D-2.0L
Engine
Appearance
Displacement
PS
Torque
Cylinder diameter X str
oke
FO D-2.0 CRDi
1,991 cc
110.5 PS/4000rpm
26.0 kgm/2000rpm
83x92
BOSCH 1 st generation
Fuel Pressure Control
characteristics -Outlet Control
- 1,350bar
1M D-2.0 CRDi
1991cc
136 PS/4000rpm
31.1 kgm12000rpm
83x92
BOSCH 2
nd
generation
Fuel Pressure Control
- Inlet& Outlet Control
- 1,600bar
SCV ( Swirl Control Valve)
ACV( Air Control Valve)
CPF - Euro IV
I C8J HYiJniJFii Service I raining
59
.
EURO III and EURO IV 60
The development goal of Exhaust Gas Emission
PM
(g/km)
0.05
0.04 --
EURO-3 ( regulation)
0.03 - - EURO-4 ( regulation)
0.02 -

EURO-4

0.01

( ideal)

0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4
I
0.5
HC+ NOx
(g/km)

CD The comparison between EURO 4 and
EURO 3 Emission Standard:
- PM : Reduce 50 %
- NOx : Reduce 50 %
Development Goal
- Ruled 70 %
EURO-4 application
- New Model : January,2005
- Now: January,2006
I
" (E/) HYUnDRI Training
__ ... __ J
EURO-IV Application
2
nd
generation CRDi System
Injection Pressure: 1350 ---->1600 bar
ECU : 16 ---->32 bit
(/if) HVUnDRI Service Training
Cautions of Repair
61
ACV G;;I
( Air Control B!!I
Valve)
62
> Every system component should be packed by sealed plastic.
Every port should use proper plug to prevent dust.
> Never use air guns to clean engine room when fuel pipes are
removed.
Removing and Installing Injectors
y Install Injectors:
e Clean the base
eCopper washer
eTorque
T40 Torx (torque: 2.70 9.2 kgm)
(/if) HVUnORI Training

2
nd
Generation CRDi System
CRDi system ( Injection pressure: 1600 bar)
2
nd
injector
High pressure pump
Rail pressure control valve
Function
1600bar high pressure injection => Effectively control the quantity of fuel injection
Injector (multi-injection)
2
nd
Injector Cutaway
Multi-injection:
Se(lllng pli'tc
Va!\'o bO<;Jy } Valve
V ~ ) I \ i ~ ) {lI !::ol 01. gl\'vp
Pilot Injection 2+Pilot Injection l+Main Injection
+ Secondary Injection 2+ Secondary Injection 1
Function
Engine start
and low idle
area
Characteristic
Pressure I Time
Min injection interval
Min fuel injection quantity
Inaccuracy in Pilot Injection
Inaccuracy in Main Injection
2
nd
GEN INJ
1600 bar 15
0.8ms
1.0 mm
3
/st
0.5 mm
3
/st
1.0 mm
3
/st
l ' tGEN INJ
1350 bar/3
1.8 ms
1.5 mm
3
/st
0.8 mm
3
/st
1.5 mm
3
/st
Reduce the min quantity of fuel injection and 1 /3 inaccuracy of pilot injection I main injection.
Optimal injection in every driving situation.
Gr Noise I exhaust gas I driving feeling are optimal.
44
rpm
EURO-IV Injection

o
' CrS <p I t
Recycle
[500C i]
, ' " ,
l.Ist: 2{l.i"-'>j<'TJ<ffi .V;;tf;;."ii "Z:"J,",
f "'1&
,
nee ," '$," ,, ,'" Aetara 1\ngte '.) 4
Pilot Injection
(BTDC) 100
0
SOE(PiI1 )+ 150 I..Is + ET(PiI2) Start
2
Pilot Injection
(BTDC) 100
0
SOE(MI) + 150 I..Is + ET(PiI1)
Reduce smoke
1 NVH
Main Injection (BTDC) 40
0
(ATDC) 40
0
Increase torque
Secondary
SOE(MI)
(ATDC) 40
0
Increase the temperature
Injection 2
+ ET(MI) + 150 I..IS
of CPF
Secondary
(ATDC) 40
0
Max Ignition advance angle
Stimulate catalysis
Injection 1
for next cylinder (Burn the soot)
SOE = Start Of Energizing ; ET = Energizing Time

IQA (Injector Quantity Adjustment)
WithlQA
Function
PI Pilot Injection
U Low tdle
Energizing Time (tis]
Reduce the inaccuracy of every injector's injection quantity = > Reduce exhaust gas emission
45
-------,--- ----
IQA (Injector Quantity Adjustment)
46
Cautions of Repair
y When disconnect high pressure pipes, use 2
wrenches to loosen both sides nuts.
~ Please use bare hands to repair
in order to prevent dust.
(E/) HYUnORI Service Training
63
.
Cautions of Repair
64
Removing High Pressure Pipe
Never release high pressure pipes with running: engine
~ " T " " " L I " "
(E/) HYUnORI S'Jrvice Training .
-------------------------
Cautions of Repair
65
Checking fuel pressure & checking injector operation
High pressure can be checked
only via the Rail Pressure
Sensor Voltage Reading.
High pressure can be checked
only via the Raj,1 Pressure
Sensor Voltage Reading.
(8;> HVUnCRI
.
48

Common Rail Direct Injection (CRDi) Diesel Engine in Hyundai Tucson

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