LINEAR MEASUREMENTS

The

rule used in metalworking is a length of carbon steel or stainless steel.

CALIPERS
Calipers are non-indicating transfer measuring instruments consisting of two movable metal legs joined together with a spring or a rivet at one end having formed contact points at the opposite sides.

SPRING CALIPER

Spring calipers opening and closing could be done by the action of an adjusting screw.

FIRM JOINT CALIPER

Firm joint calipers are adjusted by tapping one leg lightly on a solid base.

VERNIER CALIPER

 Vernier caliper is a development of an ordinary steel rule where a very smallest scale graduations are made to read finer by the addition of a sliding vernier scale.

Every indicating measuring instruments like the vernier caliper has what is called Least Count (L.C.). This least count is the finest reading a measuring instrument is able to give.

TWO MOST IMPORTANT PARTS : MAIN SCALE VERNIER SCALE

L.C. = 1/n q
where; n= divisions on the vernier scale q= smallest reading on main scale

Example:

With 0.5 mm on scale and 25 divisions on vernier scale. L.C.= 1/25 0.5 = 0.5/25 = 0.02 mm LEAST COUNT With 1/6 inch in main scale and 8 divisions on vernier scale. L.C.=1/8 1/16 =1/128 =0.008 inch LEAST COUNT

To read metric/english vernier caliper :

Note the last numbered line/all whole inches on the main scale passed by the zero line of the vernier scale. Note all the millimeters/all fractions of an inch on the main scale passed by the zero line. Note the line on the vernier scale that concides to a line on the main scale. Sum up all main scale readings to the vernier scale reading.

MICROMETER CALIPER
Micrometer caliper are more precise measuring instruments than vernier calipers because its measuring faces are constructed directly in-line to graduated scale.

THREE SCALES OF MICROMETER CALIPER:

The thimble The vernier scale The barrel or sleeve

To read micrometer caliper :

Note all whole millimeters visible on the barrel. Note the line on the thimble coinciding on the datum line on the barrel. Add up barrel and thimble readings.

To read an English micrometer caliper :

Note the last whole inch showing on the barrel. Note all the numbered lines after the last whole inch. Note all lines appearing after the last numbered line. Add up all reading to obtain the total micrometer reading.

THANK YOU :P