 Keyboard  Visual

 Mouse Display
 Unit (VDU)
Touchpad  Printers
 Tracker  Dot-matrix
balls Printer
 Joystick  Inkjet Printer
 Laser Printer
 Touch
 Plotter
screen
 Speakers
 Scanner
 Digital
Camera
 Webcam
Input devices are used to put data & instructions into a
computer. There are 2 main types of input device: Direct
& Manual.
Direct input devices: - They can input
large amounts of data quickly and accurately without any
need for human intervention. Barcode readers and optical
mark readers are examples of direct input devices.
Manual Input Devices: - They are used by
people to enter data by hand. The most commonly used
input devices are Mouse and the Keyboard.
The Keyboard is the most common type of input device.
Ordinary computer keyboards have their keys arranged in
a similar way to those on a typewriter. This way of
arranging the keys is called QWERTY because of the order
in which the keys appear on the first row of letters. This
layout was originally designed to separate common letter-
pairs, in order to prevent nearby type-bars on a manual
typewriter jamming the mechanism when typing at
speed. Keyboards are now available with different layouts
designed help users type more quickly and comfortably.
Computer Keyboards also have extra function keys which
can carry out different tasks depending on the software
being used. The whole CPU
inside a
Keyboard
A mouse is a pointing device. It is the next most common
type of input device after the keyboard. A mouse is
moved around by the user on a flat surface next to the
computer. When a mouse is moved, a small ball
underneath turns, which directs the cursor to move. An
increasingly type of mouse is the optical mouse. The
distance and direction the mouse has moved is worked
out from differences in the pictures by a processor inside
the mouse. Information about the movement of the
mouse is then sent to the computer as a set of co-
ordinates. An optical mouse also generates a light.
A ball
mouse

An optical
Touch pads & trackballs are the same, they are also types
of pointing devices. They are often used instead of mouse
on portable computers which are laptops.

A track A touch
ball pad
The main use of joystick is to play computer games by
controlling the way that something moves on the screen.
Joysticks can be used to control movement from side to
side, up and down & diagonally and horizontally. A
joystick will have few buttons which can be used to make
something happen like making a character in a game
jump or attack or defense etc.

A
Joystick
Touch screen can detect exactly where on its surface it
has been touched. There are several ways in which this
can be done. One common type of touch screen uses
beams of invisible infra – red light which shine from top to
bottom and side to side in front of the screen. The beams
of light forms a grid that divides up the screen. Touch
screens are used mainly because they are easy to keep
clean and re program when changes are to be made.

Touch
screen
A scanner can be used to input pictures or text into the
computer. There are 2 main types of scanners: hand -
held & flat – bed scanners work by passing a beam of
bright light over an image. Data about the amount of light
reflected by the different parts of the picture is collected
by sensors inside the scanners. This data is used to
produce a digital image of the picture that the computer
can display on the screen. Once the image/text has been
scanned it can be saved and changed using some special
software's.
Hand
Held Flat Bed
Scanners Scanners
A digital camera can store many
more pictures than an ordinary
camera. The storage depends
on the memory space. We can
also shoot videos with it. The
images & videos can be
transferred using a USB to the
computer.
They are an other common type
of digital camera. Webcams can
take photographs and capture
moving images which can be
saved on the computer and can
be sent through internet while
chatting. The people who are
chatting can view each other on
A graphics tablet consists of a flat surface and a
stylus(pen), which can be used to produce free hand
drawings or trace around shapes. When the stylus
touches the surface of the graphics tablet, data about its
position is sent to the computer. This data is used to
produce on the screen an exact copy of what is being
drawn on the surface of the graphics tablet.

Graphics
Tablet
A microphone is used to input sound into a computer
system. Microphones are often used for voice recognition
systems, which convert sounds made by a user into text
on the screen or commands the computer can carry out.
Systems like this are very useful for people who can’t use
ordinary input devices such as mouse and keyboard. As
computers become more powerful in the future, voice
recognition will be a much more common input method
for all computer users.

Microphone
A light pen is a small “pen - shaped” wand which contains
light sensors. The light pen is used to choose objects or
commands on the screen , either by pressing it against
the surface of the screen or by pressing a small switch on
its side. This sends a signal to the computer, which then
woks out the light pen’s exact location on the screen. The
advantage of the light pen is that , unlike a “touch –
screen”, it doesn’t needs a special screen or screen
coating.

Light
Pen
Before an output can be produced by a computer it must
have an output device connected to it. The output devices
that you are most probably most used to will be the
screen (or monitor) and the printer. Another sort of
output that you will have experienced when using a
computer is sound, which is output through a speaker.
In the next slides I am going to describe the main types of
devices that are used to get output from a computer.
A visual Display Unit (VDU) or a monitor is an output
device that accepts video signal direct from a computer.
Monitors can display graphics, text and video. The size of
a monitor is measured in inches diagonally across the
screen; 15, 17, 19 and 21 inch monitors are the most
common sizes. A color monitor can display from 16 to
over 1 million different colors. Color monitors are
sometimes called RGB monitors because they accept
three separate signals – Red, Green and blue.

Visual
Display Unit
(VDU)
A printer is an output device that produces a printout or
hard copy of the output from a computer. There are many
types of printer available and which one you choose will
depend on how much you want to pay for the printer, the
cost of the paper and the ink it uses, what quality of print
you want and whether you are going to print just text,
graphics, or graphics and text together. The most
common types of printer are dot matrix, inkjet and laser
printer. The speed of printers can be measured in
characters per second (CPS) or pages per minute (PPM),
the higher the values are, the faster the printer can
produce output.
A dot matrix printer forms characters and graphics on the
paper by producing pattern of dots. If you look closely at
a print out from a dot matrix printer you will see the tiny
dots which make up the printout. The part of the printer
which forms the pattern of dots is called the print head.
Dot matrix printers are relatively cheap and so is the
stationery that they use. The quality of dot matrix printer
depends on the pins there in print head. ‘9’ pin print will
produce poor print and ‘24’ pin print will produce much
good print than the ‘9’ pin print. These printers often
make noise.

Dot Matrix Printer & Printout

Inkjet printers work like Dot Matrix printer (the printouts
that they produce are made up of patterns of very small
Dots) but the printer head has a set of tiny holes rather
than pins. As the print head moves across the paper, ink
is forced out through the holes to form the image. Inkjet
Printers are very quite to operate and can produce good
quality printouts of both graphics and text. Relatively
cheap color graphics can be printed using a color inkjet.

Inkjet
Printer
A laser printer is a common type of computer printer that
rapidly produces high quality text and graphics on plain
paper. As with digital photocopiers and MFPs, laser
printers employ a xerographic printing process but differ
from analog photocopiers in that the image is produced
by the direct scanning of a laser beam across the printer's
photoreceptor. A laser beam projects an image of the
page to be printed onto an electrically charged rotating
drum coated with selenium.

Laser
Printer
A plotter is a vector graphics printing device that
connects to a computer. There are two types of main
plotters. Those are pen plotters and electrostatic plotters.
Pen plotters print by moving a pen across the surface of a
piece of paper. This means that plotters are restricted to
line art, rather than raster graphics as with other printers.
Pen plotters can draw complex line art, including text, but
do so very slowly because of the mechanical movement
of the pens.

Plotter
A speaker, or speaker system is an electro acoustical
transducer that converts an electrical signal to sound. The
term loudspeaker can refer to individual transducers
(known as drivers), or to complete systems consisting of a
enclosure incorporating one or more drivers and electrical
filter components. Loudspeakers, just as with other
electro acoustic transducers, are the most variable
elements in an audio system and are responsible for the
greatest degree of audible differences between sound
systems.

Speaker
s