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Process Tolerance

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Process Tolerance
A process tolerance is a tolerance that specifies requirements for a process producing large quantities of parts. A process tolerance specifies a minimum and maximum average and a maximum standard deviation. Equivalently, a process tolerance can be defined by specifying values for Cp and Cc. The minimum and maximum average represent an operating window for the average. Suppose that a capability study has been performed to demonstrate that the process is stable. This does not prove the process is perfectly centered. But it is good evidence that the process is holding a +/-1.5 standard deviation operating window. In this case on might specify a minimum average of the target minus 1.5 standard deviations and a maximum average of the target plus 1.5 standard deviations. For unstable processes or uncontrolled inputs, wider operating windows are required. Process tolerances represents a unified approach to specifying tolerances as the two commonly used approaches, worst-case tolerances and statistical tolerances, represent special cases. Process tolerances allow statistical tolerances and worst-case tolerances to be combined together as well as allows behaviors to be modelled that are not adequately described by either of the previous two approaches.

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