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Regional Planning in India

A Target Area and Target Group Approach

Tulika Sanadhya
Assistant Professor
Deptt of Geography
B.R. Ambedkar College
University of Delhi
Learning Objectives

• To understand the concept of planning

• To understand central planning vis-à-vis


regional planning

• To highlight solutions to regional imbalances

• To understand the spatial and social realities


with few case studies
Types of Planning

Based on Time Approach to Solve Problem Administration


National
Short- term Sectoral Aspect Centralized

State Level
Long- term Spatial Regional
Development
District & BlockLevel
Decentralized
Aims of Regional Planning in India

To provide rational solutions to economic


problems by coordinating means and the
ends
• Increase production
• Achieve full employment
• Reduce poverty and unemployment
• Accelerate economic growth
• Reduce inequalities of wealth and income
Historical Perspective

Why the need felt for planning and resource inventory ?


• Partition of the country- Productive agricultural land
went to east and west Pakistan
• Regional disparities on the eve of independence- The
task of bringing the formerly princely states into the
mainstream
• Wars with neighboring countries resulted in the break in
the normal planning as most of the resources were
diverted for defense purposes
• Monsoon failure and consequently decrease in
agricultural development
• Oil Crisis
Phases of Regional Planning Since 1947

First and Second Plans Sectoral Based

Third Plan Balanced Regional Development

Fourth Plan (1969-74) Area Development Planning

Sixth Plan (1982-87) Integrated Rural Development Planning

Post 1991 Rao-Manmohan Model

Eleventh Plan Inclusive Growth

President A.P.J. Abul Kalam


planning should incorporate the provision of urban amenities
in rural areas to reduce disparities and regional imbalances
Approaches to Planning in India

• Sectoral Planning – Agriculture,


manufacturing, power, transport and
communication, social infrastructure and
services

• Regional planning – Taking into account


region in toto to bring uniform economic
development over space
Strategies to achieve the goals

• Agricultural Development

• Industrialization

• Provision of infrastructural facilities


(power,transport and communication)

• Special programmes for the development of


backward areas and groups
Planning Regions
Definition

• Segment of territory or space over which economic


decisions apply to attain economic development

• An area that is large enough to enable substantial


changes in the distribution of population and
employment to take place within its boundaries , yet
which is small enough for its planning problems

• Coincide with the administrative regions


Approach to curb Regional Disparities

1.. Target Area Planning for economically


backward areas

• Basis to plan-
1. Resource base
2. Technology
3. Investments
Approach to curb Social Disparities

2.. Target Group Planning


• Programmes Undertaken:

1. Small Farmers Development Agency


(SFDA)
2. Marginal Farmers Development Agency
(MFDA)
3. Tribal Development Agency Projects
Target Group Programmes Target Area Programmes
for Poverty alleviation &
Employment generation

• Pradhan Mantri Gramoday • Hill Area Development


Yojna • Command Area
• Swarnjayanti Gram Development
Swarojgar Yojna (SGSY) • Drought Prone Area
• Sampoorna Grameen
• Integrated Wasteland
Swarojgar Yojna
Development
• Jawahar Gram Samridhi
Yojna • Desert Development
• Indira Awaas Yojna (IAY) • Integrated Watershed
• National Rural Management
Employment Guarantee
Scheme (NREGS)
Integrated Tribal Development Project in
Bharmaur (Uttaranchal) Region
Since 1975
• Development of
infrastructure
• Increase in literacy
rate
• Improvement in sex-
ratio
• Decline in child
marriage
• Increase in
agricultural output
and diversification of
crops
Pictures:Socio- Economic life of Gaddi Trines
Think Globally and
Act Locally
References
• Aggarwal, S.K., and Nath, V.,2009, Regional
Development and Planning in India
• Chand, M and Puri, V.K., 1983, Regional Planning in
India, Allied Publishers Pvt. Ltd.,New Delhi
• Chaudhuri, J., 2001, An Introduction to Development
and Regional Planning, with reference to India, Orient
Longman
• NCERT, India : Resources and Regional Development,
textbook in Geography for class XII
• Websites on Planning Commission, Census etc.

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