sequence

• Branches of anatomy
• Anatomical positions of human body
• Body planes and sections
• Axis of movement
 Anatomy
• (from the Greek anatome, to
cut up),
• Is the branch of biology that
deals with the structure and
organization of living things
 Subdivision of anatomy
• Gross anatomy
• Histology
• Embryology/developmental anatomy
• General Anatomy
• Osteology
• Arthrology
• Kinesiology
• Myology
• Angiology
• Neurology
• Cytology
• Systemic anatomy
• Regional anatomy
• Applied clinical anatomy
• Surface Anatomy
• Comparative Anatomy
• Functional anatomy
Gross anatomy
Its the naked eye study of human body
by dissection .
Embryology/developmental
anatomy
It is the study of human growth and
development. Developmental Anatomy includes
the study of both the prenatal and the postnatal
developmental changes in an individual.
Histology
It is the study of structure with the use of light
microscope.
Cytology
It is the study of cell and its contents with the
use of electron microscopes
Arthrology
Is the study of joints
Kinesiology
it’s the study of principles of mechanics and
anatomy in relation to human movement.
Neurology
is the study of nervous system
Osteology
Is the study of bones
Myology
Is study of muscles

Angiology
Is the study of vessels
Applied clinical anatomy
Application of knowledge of Anatomy for
clinical purposes
Comparative Anatomy
comparison of Anatomy of different species
General Anatomy
This deals with the common feature of bones,
joints ,vessels, etc with main differences
along with the classifications based on
different criteria ,also included is introduction
of various terms and body systems.
Systemic anatomy
Study of system eg nervous system,
cardiovascular, or skeletal system is included
under this heading.
 SURFACE ANATOMY
• Surface (marking) projection of deep
structures.
• Functional anatomy
It is the study of structure of the body in
correlation with their function.
• Surgical anatomy
This study is based upon the paramount
anatomical facts which are of real practical
value to the surgeons.
 Radiological anatomy
Is the branch of anatomy which deal
with the study of the structures and
functions of the body using
radiological techniques.
Anatomical positions of human
body
 Terms Related to Position
• All descriptions of
the human body
are based on the
assumption that
the person is
standing erect and
facing forwards,
upper limbs by the
side with the palms
facing forwards,
and lower limbs
together with the
toes facing
forwards . . This is
 Body
planes
The human body is divided into
various parts with the elp of
imaginary planes
• Terminology
– Anterior/ventral
Front side of the
body
– Posterior/dorsal
Back side of body
– Anterior medial
line
This is the vertical
line that divide the
anterior surface of
the body in RT and
LT equal halves.
– Posterior median
line.
This is the vertical line
that divide the
 Median Sagittal Plane
• This is a vertical plane
passing through the
center of the body,
dividing it into equal
right and left halves.
• Planes situated to one
or the other side of the
median plane and
parallel to it are termed
as Sagittal plane.
• A structure situated
nearer to the median
plane of the body than
another is said to be
medial to the other.
• Similarly, a structure
that lies farther away
from the median plane
than another is said to
 Coronal Planes
• This plane divide
the body in
anterior and
posterior halves,
which can not be
equal. The plane is
at right angle to
the median plane.
 Horizontal, or Transverse,
Planes
• The plain is parallel
to the ground and
divide the body in
to upper and lower
parts. (not halves) .
this may pass
through any part of
the body.
 Oblique plain
• Any plane which is at an angle
(oblique) to the above fundamental
planes is known as oblique plane.
Terms related to sections
of the body parts.
 Commonly used Sections
• Longitudinal
section
A longitudinal
section does not
always mean to
cut some organ
parallel to the
median or any
vertical plane .
Such section
carries the
meaning to cut
the organ
parallel to its
own long axis
which may be
directed
Transverse or
cross section
Such section is
not necessarily
parallel to the
transverse
plane.
Rather the term
implies that
the organ is
cut across
perpendicular
Oblique
Section.
These are not
present to the
right angle to
the
longitudinal
section and
deviate from
typical
horizontal
Axis of the movement
 Axis of movement
Axis is an imaginary line
around which a
movement takes place.
There are three primary
axis.
Transverse axis,
This passes from side
to side, and
movement of flexion
and extension take
place around this
axis.
Antero-posterior
axis
Its direction is from
before backward or
Vertical axis
This is vertical to the ground and rotation
take place around this axis.
 REFERENCE
• Gray'sAnatomy(40thedition)(36thedition).
• Clinical Anatomy by Richard S. Snell,
(7thedition).
• www.google.com