Telugu Vrna Mala

`≥Å∞QÆ∞ =~°=‚ ∂Å
Telugu Alphabet
Telugu Learning Kit

Module 1
C P Brown Academy
The Alpha Foundation
Hyderabad
Telugu Alphabet Learning Kit Module-1
Transliterator: G Ramesh Babu
Managing Editor: GRK Murty
Consulting Editor: SS Prabhakar Rao
Editorial Support:
C Rama Devi, Y Anand
T Rajendra Prasad
Chief Visualizer: A Bangaru Babu
Visualizer: S Ganesh
Illustrations: B Anjaneyulu
@ 2008 C.P. Brown Academy. All Rights Reserved.
Although every care has been taken to avoid errors and omissions, this publication is being sold on
the condition and understanding that the information given in this book is merely for reference and
must not be taken as having authority of or binding in any way on the authors, editor, publisher or
sellers.
Neither this book nor any part of it may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means,
electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, microfilming and recording or by any information
storage or retrieval system, without prior permission in writing from the copyright holder.
Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are
used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe.
Only the publishers can export this book from India. Infringement of this condition of sale will lead to
civil and criminal prosecution.
First Edition: 2008
Printed in India
Published by
C P Brown Academy
The Alpha Foundation
8, Dwarakapuri Colony, Punjagutta
Hyderabad - 500 082, India.
Website: www.alphacharities.org
Printed at:
M/s. ICIT Software Centre Private Ltd.
1, Technocrat Industrial Estate
Balanagar Cross Roads
Hyderabad-500 037, India.
Foreword
-
The Module-1, “Telugu Varnamala”,
. is intended to help the Telugu
speakers, who cannot read/write Telugu, to pick up a reasonable level of
linguistic competence, through Roman script. The symbols used in this
book are intended to facilitate the transliteration template of the vowels,
consonants, gunintamulu
. and the vowel-consonant clusters, i.e., vottulu.
The relationship of the Roman character with the Telugu letter and its
pronunciation have been clearly explained with examples to aid phonetics.
For instance, the symbol ‘a’ stands for the Telugu letter ‘J’ that sounds
like ‘o’ as in the word ‘come’. Let us take another example. The symbol
‘c’ stands for the Telugu letter ‘K«’ that sounds like ‘ch’ as in the word
‘church’. The Module-1 is thus quite self-explanatory and is certain to
help those who desire to learn Telugu through the medium of English.
The workbook provided along with it is scientifically designed for practice
to help the learners pickup reading and writing of Telugu, satisfactorily.
We know that some of the alphabet and their sounds are difficult to
pronounce and quite a few are not in popular use. They do not even matter
in the acquisition of linguistic skills. However, we have included all the
Telugu letters irrespective of their usage in order to introduce them all to
the learners.
Enjoy!
SS Prabhakar Rao
`≥Å∞QÆ∞ =~°‚=∂Å
TELUGU ALPHABET
Vowels (JK«∞Å
Û ∞: Acculu)
–
* a a– i i
J P W D
come far bit feel
–
u u– ru
. ru
.
L T |∞∞ |∞∂
wood cool .rusi. root
.lu .lu– e e– ai
look
Z U S loop get stake mite
o o– au
X F B rotate oat out
am
. ah.
JO Jó some half
* ‘a’ stands for ‘J’ and sounds like ‘o’ as in ‘come’. The same pattern applies to all other vowels.
4
Consonants (Ç¨ÏÅ∞¡Å∞ : Hallulu)
36 Characters
.
*
k kh g gh n
Hõ Y QÆ Ñ¶¨∞
silk -
khaki go ghost
V prajna
.
.c
Î Î c ch .j j
K« K« Kè« [
-
.capa church witch -
.jabili
[ jug
~
jh n
~°≠ & -
jhansi ~
sanjna
t. th
. d. dh
. n.
@ ~î° _» _è»
take
.
-
nilakantha
. bird - -
asadha
. .
} -
prana
.
t th d dh n
`« ^äŒ ^Œ ^èŒ
tabala thumb though -
dhoti
# nature
* ‘k’ stands for ‘Hõ’ and sounds like ‘k’ as in ‘silk’. The same pattern applies to all other consonants.
5
p ph b bh m
Ñ¨ Ñ¶¨ | Éèí =∞
cup phone bat bharat month
y r l l.
Ü«∞ ~° Å à◊
young rust lump -- -
kalimata
.
v s´ s. s
= â◊ +¨ ã¨
levy ´-
sastry ship sun
h ksh r.
Ç¨Ï Hõ∆ é home raksha error
Semi-Vowels or Semi-Consonants
– –
( LÉèÜ
í ∂« Hõ~∆ åÅ∞:: Ubhayaksharalu)
(ã¨∞#fl = O – Sunna) (J~°ã∞¨ #fl = ñ – Arasunna) (qã¨~æ° = ó - Visarga)

Note: Five Telugu characters are not in general use.
Í Í
They are
.lu .lu-
K« [ |∞∂
-
.j ru
.c .
6
JK«∞ÛÅ∞ U q^èOŒ QÍ „"åÜ«∂e?
How to write Vowels?
–
a a
come far
–
i i
bit feel
–
u u
wood cool
ru
.
.rusi
.
ru–
.
root
7
-
e e
get stake
ai o
mite rotate
- au
o
oat out
am
.
some
ah.
half
8
Ç¨ÏÅ∞¡Å∞ U q^èOŒ QÍ „"åÜ«∂e?
How to write Consonants?
k kh
silk –
khaki
g gh
go ghost
.
n
.
prajna
c ch
church witch
j jh
jug –
jhansi
~
n
~
sanjna
9
t. th
.
–
take nilakantha
.
d. dh
.
bird – –
asadha
. .
n.
–
prana
.
t th
tabala
thumb
d dh
though –
dhoti
n
nature
10
p ph
cup phone
b bh
bat
bharat
m
month
y r
young rust
l l.
lump – – –
kalimata
.
v s´
–
levy sastry
´
11
s.
ship
sun
home
ksh
raksha
.r
error
12
Symbols of Gunintamulu
.
Telugu Letter Roman Character Symbol How to write
J a
P –
a
W i
–
D i
L u
T u–
|∞∞ ru
.
–
|∞∂ ru
.
Z e
U e–
S ai
X o
F –
o
B au
JO am
.
Jó ah
.
13
.
QÆ∞}Õ`«=ÚÅ∞ (Gunintamulu)
.
Consonants + Vowels (Hallulu + Acculu)
'Hõ— QÆ∞}Õ`«=Ú (ka-Gunintamu)
. 'Y— QÆ∞}Õ`«=Ú (kha-Gunintamu)
.
Consonant + Vowel = Composite Letter Consonant + Vowel = Composite Letter
H± { J ´ Hõ – ka Mò { J ´ Y – kha
– –
Hõ { P ´ HÍ – ka Y { P ´ MÏ – kha
Hõ { W ´ H˜ – ki Y { W ´ d – khi
– –
Hõ { D ´ H© – ki Y { D ´ v – khi
Hõ { L ´ ‰õΩ – ku Y { L ´ Y∞ – khu
– –
Hõ { T ´ ‰õÄ – ku Y { T ´ Y∂ – khu
Hõ { |∞∞ ´ Hõ$ – kru

. Y { |∞∞ ´ Y$ – khru
.
– –
Hõ { |∞∂ ´ Hõ$Ï – kru
. Y { |∞∂ ´ Y$Ï – khru
.
Hõ { Z ´ ÔH – ke Y { Z ´ Mˇ – khe
– –
Hõ { U ´ ˆH – ke Y { U ´ MË – khe
Hõ { S ´ ÔH· – kai Y { S ´ Mˇ· – khai
Hõ { X ´ H˘ – ko Y { X ´ MÁ – kho
– –
Hõ { F ´ HÀ – ko Y { F ´ M’ – kho
Hõ { B ´ H“ – kau Y { B ´ M∫ – khau
Hõ { JO ´ HõO – kam
. Y { JO ´ YO – kham
.
Hõ { Jó ´ Hõó – kah. Y { Jó ´ Yó – khah.
14
QÆ∞}Õ`«=ÚÅ∞(Gunintamulu)
.
'QÆ— QÆ∞}Õ`«=Ú (ga-Gunintamu)
. 'Ñ¶∞¨ — QÆ∞}Õ`«=Ú (gha-Gunintamu)
.
Q∑ { J ´ QÆ – ga Ñ¶π∞ { J ´ Ñ¶¨∞ – gha

– –
QÆ { P ´ QÍ – ga Ñ¶∞¨ { P ´ Ñ¶∂¨ – gha
QÆ { W ´ y – gi Ñ¶∞¨ { W ´ Ñ¶∞≤ – ghi

– –
QÆ { D ´ w – gi Ñ¶∞¨ { D ´ Ñ¶∞‘ – ghi
QÆ { L ´ QÆ∞ – gu Ñ¶∞¨ { L ´ Ñ¶Ú ¨ – ghu

– –
QÆ { T ´ QÆ∂ – gu Ñ¶∞¨ { T ´ Ñ¶¸
¨ – ghu
QÆ { |∞∞ ´ QÆ$ – gru

. Ñ¶∞¨ { |∞∞ ´ Ñ¶∞¨ $ – ghru
.
– –
QÆ { |∞∂ ´ QÆ$Ï – gru
. Ñ¶∞¨ { |∞∂ ´ Ñ¶∞¨ $Ï – ghru
.
QÆ { Z ´ ÔQ – ge Ñ¶∞¨ { Z ´ ÃÑ¶∞ – ghe

– –
QÆ { U ´ ˆQ – ge Ñ¶∞¨ { U ´ ¿Ñ¶∞ – ghe
QÆ { S ´ ÔQ· – gai Ñ¶∞¨ { S ´ ÃÑ¶∞ÿ – ghai
QÆ { X ´ Q˘ – go Ñ¶∞¨ { X ´ Ñ¶∞¨ Á – gho

– –
QÆ { F ´ QÀ – go Ñ¶∞¨ { F ´ Ñ¶∞¨ ’ – gho
QÆ { B ´ Q“ – gau Ñ¶∞¨ { B ´ Ñ¶∞¨ ø – ghau
QÆ { JO ´ QÆO – gam
. Ñ¶∞¨ { JO ´ Ñ¶∞¨ O – gham
.
QÆ { Jó ´ QÆó – gah. Ñ¶∞¨ { Jó ´ Ñ¶∞¨ ó – ghah.

15
.
'K«— QÆ∞}Õ`«=Ú (ca-Gunintamu)
. 'Kè—« QÆ∞}Õ`«=Ú (cha-Gunintamu)
.
Kü { J ´ K« – ca Kèü { J ´ Kè« – cha

– –
K« { P ´ Kå – ca Kè« { P ´ Kèå – cha
K« { W ´ z – ci Kè« { W ´ zè – chi
– –
K« { D ´ p – ci Kè« { D ´ pè – chi
K« { L ´ K«∞ – cu Kè« { L ´ Kè∞« – chu

– –
K« { T ´ K«∂ – cu Kè« { T ´ Kè«∂ – chu
K« { |∞∞ ´ K«$ – cru

. Kè« { |∞∞ ´ Kè$« – chru
.
– –
K« { |∞∂ ´ K«$Ï – cru
. Kè« { |∞∂ ´ Kè$« Ï – chru
.
K« { Z ´ K≥ – ce Kè« { Z ´ Kè≥ – che

– –
K« { U ´ KÕ – ce Kè« { U ´ KèÕ – che
K« { S ´ K≥· – cai Kè« { S ´ Kè·≥ – chai
K« { X ´ K˘ – co Kè« { X ´ Kè˘ – cho

– –
K« { F ´ KÀ – co Kè« { F ´ KèÀ – cho
K« { B ´ KÒ – cau Kè« { B ´ KèÒ – chau
K« { JO ´ K«O – cam
. Kè« { JO ´ KèO« – cham
.
K« { Jó ´ K«ó – cah. Kè« { Jó ´ Kè«ó – chah.
16
.
'[— QÆ∞}Õ`«=Ú (ja Gunintamu)
. '~°≠— QÆ∞}Õ`«=Ú (jha Gunintamu)
.
*ò { J ´ [ – ja ~ü≠ { J ´ ~°≠ – jha

– –
[ { P ´ *Ï – ja ~°≠ { P ´ ~°≠Ï – jha
[ { W ´ l – ji ~°≠ { W ´ i≠ – jhi
– –
[ { D ´ r – ji ~°≠ { D ´ s≠ – jhi
[ { L ´ A – ju ~°≠ { L ´ ~°≠∞ – jhu

– –
[ { T ´ E – ju ~°≠ { T ´ ~°≠∂– jhu
[ { |∞∞ ´ [$ – jru
. ~°≠ { |∞∞ ´ ~°≠$ – jhru
.
– –
[ { |∞∂ ´ [$Ï – jru
. ~°≠ { |∞∂ ´ ~°≠$Ï– jhru
.
[ { Z ´ *ˇ – je ~°≠ { Z ´ Ô~≠ – jhe

– –
[ { U ´ *Ë – je ~°≠ { U ´ ˆ~≠ – jhe
[ { S ´ *ˇ· – jai ~°≠ { S ´ ~Ô ≠ÿ – jhai
[ { X ´ *Á – jo ~°≠ { X ´ ~Ô ≠∞ – jho
– –
[ { F ´ *’ – jo ~°≠ { F ´ ~Ô ≠Ï – jho
[ { B ´ *∫ – jau ~°≠ { B ´ ~°≠ø – jhau
[ { JO ´ [O – jam
. ~°≠ { JO ´ ~°≠O– jham
.
[ { Jó ´ [ó – jah. ~°≠ { Jó ´ ~°≠ó – jhah.

17
.
'@— QÆ∞}Õ`«=Ú (ta-Gunintamu)
. . '~î°— QÆ∞}Õ`«=Ú (tha-Gunintamu)
. .
\ò { J ´ @ – ta
.
~îü { J ´ ~î° – tha
.
– –
@ { P ´ \Ï – ta
.
~î° { P ´ ~îå – tha
.
@ { W ´ \˜ – ti. ~î° { W ´ iî – thi

.
– –
@ { D ´ \© – ti. ~î° { D ´ sî – thi
.
@ { L ´ @∞ – .tu ~î° { L ´ ~î∞° – thu

.
– –
@ { T ´ @∂ – .tu ~î° { T ´ ~î∂° – thu
.
@ { |∞∞ ´ @$ – .tru
. ~î° { |∞∞ ´ ~î$° – thru
. .
– –
@ { |∞∂ ´ @$Ï – .tru
. ~î° { |∞∂ ´ ~î$° Ï – thru
. .
@ { Z ´ >ˇ – te
. ~î° { Z ´ ~Ô î – the
.
– –
@ { U ´ >Ë – te
. ~î° { U ´ ~ˆ î – the
.
@ { S ´ >ˇÿ – tai
. ~î° { S ´ ~Ô ·î – thai
.
@ { X ´ \Á – to
. ~î° { X ´ ~î˘ – tho
.
– –
@ { F ´ \’ – to
. ~î° { F ´ ~îÀ – tho
.
@ { B ´ \∫ – tau
. ~î° { B ´ ~î“ – thau
.
@ { JO ´ @O – tam
. . ~î° { JO ´ ~îO° – tham
. .
@ { Jó ´ @ó – tah
. . ~î° { Jó ´ ~î°ó – thah
. .
18
.
'_»— QÆ∞}Õ`«=Ú (da-Gunintamu)
. . '_è»— QÆ∞}Õ`«=Ú (dha-Gunintamu)
. .
_£ { J ´ _» – da
.
_è£ { J ´ _è» – dha
.
– –
_» { P ´ _® – da
.
_è» { P ´ _è® – dha
.
_» { W ´ _ç – di
. _è» { W ´ _èç – dhi
.
– –
_» { D ´ _ô – di
.
_è» { D ´ _èô – dhi
.
_» { L ´ _»∞ – du
. _è» { L ´ _è∞» – dhu
.
– –
_» { T ´ _»∂ – du
. _è» { T ´ _è∂» – dhu
.
_» { |∞∞ ´ _»$ – dru

.. _è» { |∞∞ ´ _è$» – dhru
. .
– –
_» { |∞∂ ´ _»$Ï – dru
.. _è» { |∞∂ ´ _è$» Ï – dhru
. .
_» { Z ´ _≥ˇ – de
. _è» { Z ´ _è≥ – dhe
.
– –
_» { U ´ _Õ – de
.
_è» { U ´ _èÕ – dhe
.
_» { S ´ _≥ÿ – dai
. _è» { S ´ _è·≥ – dhai
.
_» { X ´ _˘ – do
. _è» { X ´ _è˘ – dho
.
– –
_» { F ´ _À – do
. _è» { F ´ _èÀ – dho
.
_» { B ´ _Ò – dau
. _è» { B ´ _èÒ – dhau
.
_» { JO ´ _»O – dam
. . _è» { JO ´ _èO» – dham
. .
_» { Jó ´ _»ó – dah
. . _è» { Jó ´ _è»ó – dhah
. .
19
.
'}— QÆ∞}Õ`«=Ú (na-Gunintamu)
. . '`«— QÆ∞}Õ`«=Ú (ta-Gunintamu)
.
}ü { J ´ } – na
. `ü { J ´ `« – ta
– –
} { P ´ }Ï – na
. `« { P ´ `å – ta
} { W ´ }˜ – ni
. `« { W ´ u – ti
– –
} { D ´ }© – ni
. `« { D ´ f – ti
} { L ´ }∞ – nu
. `« { L ´ `«∞ – tu
– –
} { T ´ }∂ – nu
. `« { T ´ `«∂ – tu
} { |∞∞ ´ }$ – nru
.. `« { |∞∞ ´ `«$ – tru
.
– –
} { |∞∂ ´ }$Ï – nru
.. `« { |∞∂ ´ `«$Ï – tru
.
} { Z ´ }ˇ – ne
. `« { Z ´ `≥ – te
– –
} { U ´ }Ë – ne
. `« { U ´ `Õ – te
} { S ´ }ˇÿ – nai
. `« { S ´ `≥· – tai
} { X ´ }˘ – no
. `« { X ´ `˘ – to
– –
} { F ´ }À – no
. `« { F ´ `À – to
} { B ´ }∫ – nau
. `« { B ´ `Ò – tau
} { JO ´ }O – nam
. . `« { JO ´ `«O – tam
.
} { Jó ´ }ó – nah
. . `« { Jó ´ `«ó – tah.
20
.
'^äŒ— QÆ∞}Õ`«=Ú (tha-Gunintamu)
. '^Œ— QÆ∞}Õ`«=Ú (da-Gunintamu)
.
^ä£ { J ´ ^äŒ – tha ^£ { J ´ ^Œ – da

– –
^äŒ { P ´ ^ä• – tha ^Œ { P ´ ^• – da
^äŒ { W ´ kä – thi ^Œ { W ´ k – di
– –
^äŒ { D ´ nä – thi ^Œ { D ´ n – di
^äŒ { L ´ ^ä∞Œ – thu ^Œ { L ´ ^Œ∞ – du

– –
^äŒ { T ´ ^ä∂Œ – thu ^Œ { T ´ ^Œ∂ – du
^äŒ { |∞∞ ´ ^ä$Œ – thru

. ^Œ { |∞∞ ´ ^Œ$ – dru
.
– –
^äŒ { |∞∂ ´ ^ä$Œ Ï – thru
. ^Œ { |∞∂ ´ ^Œ$Ï – dru
.
^äŒ { Z ´ ^ä≥ – the ^Œ { Z ´ ^≥ – de

– –
^äŒ { U ´ ^äËÕ – the ^Œ { U ´ ^Õ – de
^äŒ { S ´ ^ä·≥ – thai ^Œ { S ´ ^≥· – dai
^äŒ { X ´ ^ä˘ – tho ^Œ { X ´ ^˘ – do

– –
^äŒ { F ´ ^äÀ – tho ^Œ { F ´ ^À – do
^äŒ { B ´ ^äÒ – thau ^Œ { B ´ ^Ò – dau
^äŒ { JO ´ ^äOŒ – tham

.
^Œ { JO ´ ^ŒO – dam
.
^äŒ { Jó ´ ^äŒó – thah. ^Œ { Jó ´ ^Œó – dah.

21
.
'^èŒ— QÆ∞}Õ`«=Ú (dha-Gunintamu)
. '#— QÆ∞}Õ`«=Ú (na-Gunintamu)
.
^è£ { J ´ ^èŒ – dha <£ { J ´ # – na

– –
^èŒ { P ´ ^è• – dha # { P ´ <å – na
^èŒ { W ´ kè – dhi # { W ´ x – ni
– –
^èŒ { D ´ nè – dhi # { D ´ h – ni
^èŒ { L ´ ^è∞Œ – dhu # { L ´ #∞ – nu

– –
^èŒ { T ´ ^è∂Œ – dhu # { T ´ #∂ – nu
^èŒ { |∞∞ ´ ^è$Œ – dhru

. # { |∞∞ ´ #$ – nru
.
– –
^èŒ { |∞∂ ´ ^è$Œ Ï – dhru
. # { |∞∂ ´ #$Ï – nru
.
^èŒ { Z ´ ^è≥ – dhe # { Z ´ <≥ – ne

– –
^èŒ { U ´ ^èÕ – dhe # { U ´ <ÕÕ – ne
^èŒ { S ´ ^è·≥ – dhai # { S ´ <≥· – nai
^èŒ { X ´ ^è˘ – dho # { X ´ <˘ – no
– –
^èŒ { F ´ ^èÀ – dho # { F ´ <À – no
^èŒ { B ´ ^èÒ – dhau # { B ´ <Ò – nau
^èŒ { JO ´ ^èOŒ – dham

.
# { JO ´ #O – nam
.
^èŒ { Jó ´ ^èŒó – dhah. # { Jó ´ #ó – nah.

22
.
'Ñ¨— QÆ∞}Õ`«=Ú (pa-Gunintamu)
. 'Ñ¶—¨ QÆ∞}Õ`«=Ú (pha-Gunintamu)
.
Ñπ { J ´ Ñ¨ – pa Ñ¶π { J ´ Ñ¶¨ – pha

– –
Ñ¨ { P ´ áê – pa Ñ¶¨ { P ´ á¶ê – pha
Ñ¨ { W ´ Ñ≤ – pi Ñ¶¨ { W ´ Ñ¶≤ – phi

– –
Ñ¨ { D ´ Ñ‘ – pi Ñ¶¨ { D ´ Ñ¶‘ – phi
Ñ¨ { L ´ Ñ¨Ù – pu Ñ¶¨ { L ´ Ñ¶Ù¨ – phu

– –
Ñ¨ { T ´ Ñ¨Ó – pu Ñ¶¨ { T ´ Ñ¶Ó¨ – phu
Ñ¨ { |∞∞ ´ Ñ¨$ – pru

. Ñ¶¨ { |∞∞ ´ Ñ¶$¨ – phru
.
– –
Ñ¨ { |∞∂ ´ Ñ¨$Ï – pru
. Ñ¶¨ { |∞∂ ´ Ñ¶$¨ Ï – phru
.
Ñ¨ { Z ´ ÃÑ – pe Ñ¶¨ { Z ´ ÃÑ¶ – phe
– –
Ñ¨ { U ´ ¿Ñ – pe Ñ¶¨ { U ´ ¿Ñ¶ – phe
Ñ¨ { S ´ ÃÑ· – pai Ñ¶¨ { S ´ ÃÑ¶· – phai
Ñ¨ { X ´ á⁄ – po Ñ¶¨ { X ´ á¶⁄ – pho

– –
Ñ¨ { F ´ áÈ – po Ñ¶¨ { F ´ á¶È – pho
Ñ¨ { B ´ áœ – pau Ñ¶¨ { B ´ á¶œ – phau
Ñ¨ { JO ´ ÑÖ – pam
. Ñ¶¨ { JO ´ Ñ¶O¨ – pham
.
Ñ¨ { Jó ´ Ñ¨ó – pah. Ñ¶¨ { Jó ´ Ñ¶ó¨ – phah.

23
.
'|— QÆ∞}Õ`«=Ú (ba-Gunintamu)
. 'Éè—í QÆ∞}Õ`«=Ú (bha-Gunintamu)
.
Éò { J ´ | – ba Éèò { J ´ Éèí – bha

– –
| { P ´ ÉÏ – ba Éèí { P ´ ÉèÏ – bha
| { W ´ a – bi Éèí { W ´ aè – bhi
– –
| { D ´ c – bi Éèí { D ´ cè – bhi
| { L ´ |∞ – bu Éèí { L ´ Éè∞í – bhu

– –
| { T ´ |∂ – bu Éèí { T ´ Éè∂í – bhu
| { |∞∞ ´ |$ – bru
. Éèí { |∞∞ ´ Éè$í – bhru
.
– –
| { |∞∂ ´ |$Ï – bru
. Éèí { |∞∂ ´ Éè$í Ï – bhru
.
| { Z ´ Éˇ – be Éèí { Z ´ Éèˇ – bhe

– –
| { U ´ ÉË – be Éèí { U ´ ÉèË – bhe
| { S ´ Éˇ· – bai Éèí { S ´ Éè·ˇ – bhai
| { X ´ ÉÁ – bo Éèí { X ´ ÉèÁ – bho

– –
| { F ´ É’ – bo Éèí { F ´ Éè’ – bho
| { B ´ É∫ – bau Éèí { B ´ Éè∫ – bhau
| { JO ´ |O – bam
. Éèí { JO ´ ÉèOí – bham
.
| { Jó ´ |ó – bah. Éèí { Jó ´ Éèóí – bhah.

24
.
'=∞— QÆ∞}Õ`«=Ú (ma-Gunintamu)
. 'Ü«∞— QÆ∞}Õ`«=Ú (ya-Gunintamu)
.
"£∞ { J ´ =∞ – ma Üü∞ { J ´ Ü«∞ – ya

– –
=∞ { P ´ =∂ – ma Ü«∞ { P ´ Ü«∂ – ya
=∞ { W ´ q∞ – mi Ü«∞ { W ´ ~Ú – yi
– –
=∞ { D ´ g∞ – mi Ü«∞ { D ´ ~¸ – yi
=∞ { L ´ =Ú – mu Ü«∞ { L ´ Ü«Ú – yu
– –
=∞ { T ´ =¸ – mu Ü«∞ { T ´ Ü«¸– yu
=∞ { |∞∞ ´ =∞$ – mru

. Ü«∞ { |∞∞ ´ Ü«∞$ – yru
.
– –
=∞ { |∞∂ ´ =∞$Ï – mru
. Ü«∞ { |∞∂ ´ Ü«∞$Ï– yru
.
=∞ { Z ´ "≥∞ – me Ü«∞ { Z ´ Ü≥∞ – ye

– –
=∞ { U ´ "Õ∞ – me Ü«∞ { U ´ ÜÕ∞ – ye
=∞ { S ´ "≥∞ÿ – mai Ü«∞ { S ´ Ü≥∞ÿ – yai
=∞ { X ´ "≥Ú – mo Ü«∞ { X ´ Ü≥Ú – yo

– –
=∞ { F ´ "≥∂ – mo Ü«∞ { F ´ Ü≥∂ – yo
=∞ { B ´ =∞ø – mau Ü«∞ { B ´ Ü«∞ø – yau
=∞ { JO ´ =∞O – mam
. Ü«∞ { JO ´ Ü«∞O– yam
.
=∞ { Jó ´ =∞ó – mah. Ü«∞ { Jó ´ Ü«∞ó – yah.

25
.
'~°— QÆ∞}Õ`«=Ú (ra-Gunintamu)
. 'Å— QÆ∞}Õ`«=Ú (la-Gunintamu)
.
~ü { J ´ ~° – ra Öò { J ´ Å – la
– –
~° { P ´ ~å – ra Å { P ´ ÖÏ – la
~° { W ´ i – ri Å { W ´ e – li
– –
~° { D ´ s – ri Å { D ´ b – li
~° { L ´ ~°∞ – ru Å { L ´ Å∞ – lu
– –
~° { T ´ ~°∂ – ru Å { T ´ Å∂ – lu
~° { |∞∞ ´ ~°$ – rru

. Å { |∞∞ ´ Å$ – lru
.
– –
~° { |∞∂ ´ ~°$Ï – rru
. Å { |∞∂ ´ Å$Ï – lru
.
~° { Z ´ ~Ô – re Å { Z ´ Öˇ – le
– –
~° { U ´ ~ˆ – re Å { U ´ ÖË – le
~° { S ´ ~Ô · – rai Å { S ´ Öˇ· – lai
~° { X ´ ~˘ – ro Å { X ´ ÖÁ – lo
– –
~° { F ´ ~À – ro Å { F ´ Ö’ – lo
~° { B ´ ~“ – rau Å { B ´ Ö∫ – lau
~° { JO ´ ~°O – ram
. Å { JO ´ ÅO – lam
.
~° { Jó ´ ~°ó – rah. Å { Jó ´ Åó – lah
.
26
.
'à◊— QÆ∞}Õ`«=Ú (la-Gunintamu)
. . '=— QÆ∞}Õ`«=Ú (va-Gunintamu)
.
àò { J ´ à◊ – .la "£ { J ´ = – va
– –
à◊ { P ´ àÏ – .la
= { P ´ "å – va
à◊ { W ´ o – .li
= { W ´ q – vi
– –
à◊ { D ´ m – .li = { D ´ g – vi
à◊ { L ´ à◊√ – .lu
= { L ´ =Ù – vu
– –
à◊ { T ´ à◊¥ – .lu
= { T ´ =Ó – vu
à◊ { |∞∞ ´ à◊$ – .lru

.
= { |∞∞ ´ =$ – vru
.
– –
à◊ { |∞∂ ´ à◊$Ï – .lru
. = { |∞∂ ´ =$Ï – vru
.
à◊ { Z ´ à‹ – .le = { Z ´ "≥ – ve
– –
à◊ { U ´ àı – .le = { U ´ "Õ – ve
à◊ { S ´ à‹· – .lai
= { S ´ "≥·‹ – vai
à◊ { X ´ àÁ – .lo
= { X ´ "˘ – vo
– –
à◊ { F ´ à’ – .lo
= { F ´ "À – vo
à◊ { B ´ à∫ – .lau
= { B ´ "Ò – vau
à◊ { JO ´ à◊O – .lam
. = { JO ´ =O – vam
.
à◊ { Jó ´ à◊ó – .lah.
= { Jó ´ =ó – vah.
27
.
'â◊— QÆ∞}Õ`«=Ú (sa-Gunintamu)
´
. '+¨— QÆ∞}Õ`«=Ú (sa-Gunintamu)
. .
âò { J ´ â◊ – ´
sa +π { J ´ +¨ – sa
.
´–
–
â◊ { P ´ âß – sa +¨ { P ´ ëê – sa
.
â◊ { W ´ t – si´ +¨ { W ´ +≤ – si
.
– –
â◊ { D ´ j – si´ +¨ { D ´ +‘ – si
.
â◊ { L ´ â◊√ – ´
su +¨ { L ´ +¨µ – su
.
´–
–
â◊ { T ´ â◊¥ – su +¨ { T ´ +¨Ø – su
.
â◊ { |∞∞ ´ â◊$ – ´
sru
. +¨ { |∞∞ ´ +¨$ – sru
..
´–
–
â◊ { |∞∂ ´ â◊$Ï – sru
. +¨ { |∞∂ ´ +¨$Ï – sru
..
â◊ { Z ´ â‹ – ´
se +¨ { Z ´ Ã+ – se
.
´–
–
â◊ { U ´ âı – se +¨ { U ´ ¿+ – se
.
â◊ { S ´ â‹· – ´
sai +¨ { S ´ Ã+·· – sai
.
â◊ { X ´ âÁ – ´
so +¨ { X ´ ë⁄ – so
.
â◊ { F ´ â’ – ´–
so +¨ { F ´ ëÈ – so
–
.
â◊ { B ´ â∫ – ´
sau +¨ { B ´ ëœ – sau
.
â◊ { JO ´ â◊O – ´
sam.
+¨ { JO ´ +Ö – sam
. .
â◊ { Jó ´ â◊ó – ´
sah.
+¨ { Jó ´ +¨ó – sah
. .
28
.
'ã¨— QÆ∞}Õ`«=Ú (sa-Gunintamu)
. 'Ç¨Ï— QÆ∞}Õ`«=Ú (ha-Gunintamu)
.
ãπ { J ´ ã¨ – sa ÇπÏ { J ´ Ç¨Ï – ha
ã¨ { P ´ ™ê – sa– Ç¨Ï { P ´ Ç¨ – –

ha
ã¨ { W ´ ã≤ – si Ç¨Ï { W ´ Ç≤Ï – hi
– –
ã¨ { D ´ ã‘ – si Ç¨Ï { D ´ Ç‘Ï – hi
ã¨¨ { L ´ ã¨∞ – su Ç¨Ï { L ´ Ç¨ï – hu
ã¨¨ { T ´ ã¨∂ – su– Ç¨Ï { T ´ Ç¨˙ – –

hu
ã¨¨ { |∞∞ ´ ã¨$ – sru

. Ç¨Ï { |∞∞ ´ Ç¨Ï$ – hru
.
– –
ã¨ { |∞∂ ´ ã¨$Ï – sru
. Ç¨Ï { |∞∂ ´ Ç¨Ï$Ï – hru
.
ã¨ { Z ´ Ãã – se Ç¨Ï { Z ´ ÃÇÏ – he
–
ã¨ { U ´ ¿ã – se– Ç¨Ï { U ´ ¿ÇÏ – he
ã¨ { S ´ Ãã· – sai Ç¨Ï { S ´ ÃÇ·Ï – hai
ã¨ { X ´ ™⁄ – so Ç¨Ï { X ´ Ç¨Ï∏ – ho
ã¨ { F ´ ™È – so– Ç¨Ï { F ´ Ç¨ÏŸ – –

ho
ã¨ { B ´ ™œ – sau Ç¨Ï { B ´ Ç¨Ï∫ – hau
ã¨ { JO ´ ãÖ –sam. Ç¨Ï { JO ´ Ç¨ÏO – ham

.
ã¨ { Jó ´ ã¨ó – sah. Ç¨Ï { Jó ´ Ç¨Ïó – hah.

29
.
'Hõ∆— QÆ∞}Õ`«=Ú (ksha-Gunintamu)
. 'é— QÆ∞}Õ`«=Ú (ra-Gunintamu)
. .
H∆± { J ´ Hõ∆ – ksha éü { J ´ é – .ra

– –
Hõ∆ { P ´ H∆Í – ksha é { P ´ éÏ – .ra
Hõ∆ { W ´ H˜∆ – kshi é { W ´ é˜ – .ri

– –
Hõ∆ { D ´ H©∆ – kshi é { D ´ é© – .ri
Hõ∆ { L ´ ‰õΩ∆ – kshu é { L ´ é∞ – ru

.
– –
Hõ∆ { T ´ ‰õ∆Ä – kshu é { T ´ é∂ – .ru
Hõ∆ { |∞∞ ´ Hõ$∆ – kshru

. é { |∞∞ ´ é$ – .rru
.
– –
Hõ∆ { |∞∂ ´ Hõ$∆ Ï – kshru
. é { |∞∂ ´ é$Ï – .rru
.
Hõ∆ { Z ´ ÔH∆ – kshe é { Z ´ éˇ – .re

– –
Hõ∆ { U ´ ˆH∆ – kshe é { U ´ éË – .re
Hõ∆ { S ´ ÔH∆Â – kshai é { S ´ éˇÿ – .rai
Hõ∆ { X ´ H∆˘ – ksho é { X ´ é˘ – .ro

– –
Hõ∆ { F ´ H∆À – ksho é { F ´ é’ – .ro
Hõ∆ { B ´ H∆“ – kshau é { B ´ é∫ – .rau
Hõ∆ { JO ´ Hõ∆O – ksham

. é { JO ´ éO – ram
. .
Hõ∆ { Jó ´ Hõ∆ó – kshah. é { Jó ´ éó – .rah.

30
Symbols of Vottulu
k kh g gh
Hõ Y QÆ Ñ¶¨∞
¯ ö æ …
.
n c ch j
V K« Kè« [
V Û Ûù ˚
jh ~
n t. th
.
~°≠ & @ ~î°
~°≠ & ì ª
d. dh
. n. t
_» _è» } `«
¤ _è ‚ Î
th d dh n
^äŒ ^Œ ^èŒ #
÷ Ì ú fl
p ph b bh
Ñ¨ Ñ¶¨ | Éèí
Ê Êù ƒ ƒù
m y r l
=∞ Ü«∞ ~° Å
‡ º „ ¡
.l v s´ s.
à◊ = â◊ +¨
§ fi ≈ ¬
s h ksha ra
.
ã¨ Ç¨Ï Hõ∆ é
û › ∆ ]
31
VOTTULU for “ka” consonant VOTTULU for “kha” consonant
'Hõ— Ç¨ÏÅ∞¡‰õΩ "˘`«∞ÎÅ∞ 'Y— Ç¨ÏÅ∞¡‰Ωõ "˘`«∞ÅÎ ∞
Hõ¯ – kka Hõú – kdha Y¯ – khka Yú – khdha
Hõö – kkha Hõfl – kna Yö – khkha Yfl – khna
Hõæ – kga HõÊ – kpa Yæ – khga YÊ – khpa
Hõ… – kgha HõÊù – kpha Y… – khgha YÊù – khpha
HõÛ – kca Hõƒ – kba YÛ – khca Yƒ – khba
HõÛù – kcha Hõƒù – kbha YÛù – khcha Yƒù – khbha
Hõ˚ – kja Hõ‡ – kma Y˚ – khja Y‡ – khma
Hõ
~°≠
– kjha Hõº – kya Y~°≠ – khjha Yº – khya
Hõì – kta
. „Hõ – kra Yì – khta
. „Y – khra
Hõª – ktha
. Hõ¡ – kla Yª – khtha
. Y¡ – khla
Hõ¤ – kda
. Hõ§ – kla
. Y¤ – khda
. Y§ – khla
.
Hõ – kdha
. Hõfi – kva Y – khdha
. Yfi – khva
Hõ‚ – kna
. Hõ≈ – ´
ksa Y‚ – khna
. Y≈ – ´
khsa
HõÎ – kta Hõ¬ – ksa

. YÎ – khta Y¬ – khsa
.
Hõ÷ – ktha Hõû – ksa Y÷ – khtha Yû – khsa
HõÌ – kda Hõ› – kha YÌ – khda Y› – khha

32
VOTTULU for “ga” consonant VOTTULU for “gha” consonant
'QÆõ— Ç¨ÏÅ∞¡‰õΩ "˘`«∞ÎÅ∞ 'Ñ¶¨∞— Ç¨ÏÅ∞¡‰õΩ "˘`«∞ÎÅ∞
QÆ¯ – gka QÆú – gdha Ñ¶¨∞¯ – ghka Ñ¶¨∞ú – ghdha
QÆö – gkha QÆfl – gna Ñ¶¨∞ö – ghkha Ñ¶¨∞fl – ghna
QÆæ – gga QÆÊ – gpa Ñ¶¨∞æ – ghga Ñ¶¨∞Ê – ghpa
QÆ… – ggha QÆÊù – gpha Ñ¶¨∞… – ghgha Ñ¶¨∞Êù – ghpha
QÆÛ – gca QÆƒ – gba Ñ¶¨∞Û – ghca Ñ¶¨∞ƒ – ghba
QÆÛù – gcha QÆƒù – gbha Ñ¶¨∞Ûù – ghcha Ñ¶¨∞ƒù – ghbha
QÆ˚ – gja QÆ‡ – gma Ñ¶¨∞˚ – ghja Ñ¶¨∞‡ – ghma
QÆ
~°≠
– gjha QÆº – gya Ñ¶~°≠¨∞ – ghjha Ñ¶¨∞º – ghya
QÆì – gta
. „QÆ – gra Ñ¶¨∞ì – ghta
. „Ñ¶¨∞ – ghra
QÆª – gtha
. QÆ¡ – gla Ñ¶¨∞ª – ghtha
. Ñ¶¨∞¡ – ghla
QÆ¤ – gda
. QÆ§ – gla
. Ñ¶¨∞¤ – ghda
. Ñ¶¨∞§ – ghla
.
QÆ – gdha
. QÆfi – gva Ñ¶¨∞ – ghdha
. Ñ¶¨∞fi – ghva
QÆ‚ – gna
. QÆ≈ – ´
gsa Ñ¶¨∞‚ – ghna
. Ñ¶¨∞≈ – ´
ghsa
QÆÎ – gta QÆ¬ – gsa

.
Ñ¶¨∞Î – ghta Ñ¶¨∞¬ – ghsa
.
QÆ÷ – gtha QÆû – gsa Ñ¶¨∞÷ – ghtha Ñ¶¨∞û – ghsa
QÆÌ – gda QÆ› – gha Ñ¶¨∞Ì – ghda Ñ¶¨∞› – ghha

33
VOTTULU for “ca” consonant VOTTULU for “cha” consonant
'K«— Ç¨ÏÅ∞¡‰õΩ "˘`«∞ÎÅ∞ 'Kè«— Ç¨ÏÅ∞¡‰õΩ "˘`«∞ÎÅ∞
K«¯ – cka K«ú – cdha Kè«¯ – chka Kè«ú – chdha
K«ö – ckha K«fl – cna Kè«ö – chkha Kè«fl – chna
K«æ – cga K«Ê – cpa Kè«æ – chga Kè«Ê – chpa
K«… – cgha K«Êù – cpha Kè«… – chgha Kè«Êù – chpha
K«Û – cca K«ƒ – cba Kè«Û – chca Kè«ƒ – chba
K«Ûù – ccha K«ƒù – cbha Kè«Ûù – chcha Kè«ƒù – chbha
K«˚ – cja K«‡ – cma Kè«˚ – chja Kè«‡ – chma
K«~°≠ – chjha K«º – cya Kè~°≠ « – chjha Kè«º – chya
K«ì – cta
. „K« – cra Kè«ì – chta
. „Kè« – chra
K«ª – ctha
. K«¡ – cla Kè«ª – chtha
. Kè«¡ – chla
K«¤ – cda
. K«§ – cla
. Kè«¤ – chda
. Kè«§ – chla
.
K« – cdha
. K«fi – cva Kè« – chdha
. Kè«fi – chva
K«‚ – chna
. K«≈ – ´
csa Kè«‚ – chna
. Kè«≈ – ´
chsa
K«Î – cta K«¬ – csa

. Kè«Î – chta Kè«¬ – chsa
.
K«÷ – ctha K«û – csa Kè«÷ – chtha Kè«û – chsa
K«Ì – cda K«› – cha Kè«Ì – chda Kè«› – chha

34
VOTTULU for “ja” consonant VOTTULU for “jha” consonant
'[— Ç¨ÏÅ∞¡‰Ωõ "˘`«∞ÅÎ ∞ '~°≠— Ç¨ÏÅ∞¡‰Ωõ "˘`«∞ÅÎ ∞
[¯ – jka [ú – jdha ~°≠¯ – jhka ~°≠ú – jhdha
[ö – jkha [fl – jna ~°≠ö – jhkha ~°≠fl – jhna
[æ – jga [Ê – jpa ~°≠æ – jhga ~°≠Ê – jhpa
[… – jgha [Êù – jpha ~°≠… – jhgha ~°≠Êù – jhpha
[Û – jca [ƒ – jba ~°≠Û – jhca ~°≠ƒ – jhba
[Ûùù – jcha [ƒù – jbha ~°≠Ûù – jhcha ~°≠ƒù – jhbha
[˚ – jja [‡ – jma ~°≠˚ – jhja ~°≠‡ – jhma
[~°≠ – jjha [º – jya ~°~°≠≠ – jhjha ~°≠º – jhya
[ì – jta
. „[ – jra ~°≠ì – jhta
. „~°≠ – jhra
[ª – jtha
. [¡ – jla ~°≠ª – jhtha
. ~°≠¡ – jhla
[¤ – jda
. [§ – jla
. ~°≠¤ – jhda
. ~°≠§ – jhla
.
[ – jdha
. [fi – jva ~°≠ – jhdha
. ~°≠fi – jhva
[‚ – jna
. [≈ – ´
jsa ~°≠‚ – jhna
. ~°≠≈ – ´
jhsa
[Î – jta [¬ – jsa
. ~°≠Î – jhta ~°≠¬ – jhsa
.
[÷ – jtha [û – jsa ~°≠÷ – jhtha ~°≠û – jhsa
[Ì – jda [› – jha ~°≠Ì – jhda ~°≠› – jhha

35
VOTTULU for “ta”
. consonant VOTTULU for “tha”
. consonant
'@— Ç¨ÏÅ∞¡‰Ωõ "˘`«∞ÅÎ ∞ '~î°— Ç¨ÏÅ∞¡‰õΩ "˘`«∞ÎÅ∞
@¯ – tka
. @ú – tdha
. ~î°¯ – .thka ~î°ú – thdha
.
@ö – .tkha @fl – .tna ~î°ö – .thkha ~î°fl – thna

.
@æ – tga
. @Ê – .tpa ~î°æ – .thga ~î°Ê – thpa
.
@… – .tgha @Êù – .tpha ~î°… – .thgha ~î°Êù – thpha

.
@Û – tca
. @ƒ – .tba ~î°Û – thca
. ~î°ƒ – thba
.
@Ûù – tcha
. @ƒù – tbha
. ~î°Ûù – thcha
. ~î°ƒù – thbha
.
@˚ – .tja @‡ – tma
. ~î°˚ – .thja ~î°‡ – thma
.
@
~°≠
– .tjha @º – .tya ~î°
~°≠
– thjha
. ~î°º – thya
.
@ì – .tta
. „@ – tra
. ~î°ì – thta
. . „~î° – thra
.
@ª – ttha
.. @¡ – .tla ~î°ª – .ththa
. ~î°¡ – thla
.
@¤ – tda
.. @§ – .tla
. ~î°¤ – .thda
. ~î«§ – thla
..
@ – tdha
.. @fi – .tva ~î° – thdha
. . ~î°fi – thva
.
@‚ – tna
.. @≈ ´
– tsa
. ~î°‚ – thna
. . ~î°≈ . ´
– thsa
@Î – tta
. @¬ – tsa
.. ~î°Î – thta
. ~î°¬ – thsa
. .
@÷ – ttha
. @û – tsa
. ~î°÷ – ththa
. ~î°û – thsa
.
@Ì – tda
. @› – tha
. ~î°Ì – thda
. ~î°› – thha
.
36
VOTTULU for “da”
. consonant VOTTULU for “dha”
. consonant
'_»— Ç¨ÏÅ∞¡‰õΩ "˘`«∞ÎÅ∞ '_è»— Ç¨ÏÅ∞¡‰õΩ "˘`«∞ÎÅ∞
_»¯ – dka
.
_»ú – ddha
. _è»¯ – dhka
. _è»ú – dhdha
.
_»ö – dkha
.
_»fl – dna
. _è»ö – dhkha
.
_è»fl – dhna
.
_»æ – dga
.
_»Ê – dpa
. _è»æ – dhga
. _è»Ê – dhpa
.
_»… – dgha
.
_»Êù – dpha
. _è»… – dhgha
.
_è»Êù – dhpha
.
_»Û – dca
.
_»ƒ – dba
. _è»Û – dhca
.
_è»ƒ – dhba
.
_»Ûù – dcha
.
_»ƒù – dbha
. _è»Ûù – dhcha
. _è»ƒù – dhbha
.
_»˚ – dja
.
_»‡ – dma
. _è»˚ – dhja
.
_è»‡ – dhma
.
_»~°≠ – djha
.
_»º – dya
. _è~°≠ » – dhjha
.
_è»º – dhya
.
_»ì – dta
..
„_» – dra
. _è»ì – dhta
. .
„_è» – dhra
.
_»ª – dtha
..
_»¡ – dla
. _è»ª – dhtha
. . _è»¡ – dhla
.
_»¤ – dda
.. _»§ – dla
.. _è»¤ – dhda
. .
_è»§ – dhla
. .
_» – ddha
.. _»fi – dva
. _è»è – dhdha
. . _è»fi – dhva
.
_»‚ – dna
..
_»≈ .
´
– dsa _è»‚ – dhna
. . _è»≈ ´
– dhsa
.
_»Î – dta
.
_»¬ – dsa
.. _è»Î – dhta
. _è»¬ – dhsa
. .
_»÷ – dtha
.
_»û – dsa
. _è»÷ – dhtha
.
_è»û – dhsa
.
_»Ì – dda
.
_»› – dha
. _è»Ì – dhda
.
_è»› – dhha
.
37
VOTTULU for “ta” consonant VOTTULU for “tha” consonant
'`«»— Ç¨ÏÅ∞¡‰õΩ "˘`«∞ÎÅ∞ '^äŒè»— Ç¨ÏÅ∞¡‰õΩ "˘`«∞ÎÅ∞
`«¯ – tka `«ú – tdha ^äŒ¯ – thka ^äŒ«ú – thdha
`«ö – tkha `«fl – tna ^äŒö – thkha ^äŒ«fl – thna
`«æ – tga `«Ê – tpa ^äŒæ – thga ^äŒÊ – thpa
`«… – tgha `«Êù – tpha ^äŒ… – thgha ^äŒ«Êù – thpha
`«Û – tca `«ƒ – tba ^äŒÛ – thca ^äŒƒ – thba
`«Ûù – tcha `«ƒù – tbha ^äŒÛù – thcha ^äŒƒù – thbha
`«˚ – tja `«‡ – tma ^äŒ˚ – thja ^äŒ‡ – thma
`« – tjha `«º – tya ^ä~°≠ Œ – thjha ^äŒº – thya

~°≠
`«ì – tta „`« – tra ^äŒì – thta

. „^äŒ – thra
.
`«ª – ttha `«¡ – tla ^äŒª – ththa

. ^äŒ¡ – thla
.
`«¤ – tda `««§ – tla

. ^äŒ¤ – thda
. ^äŒ§ – thla
.
.
`« – tdha `«fi – tva ^äŒ – thdha

. ^äŒfi – thva
.
`«‚ – tna `«≈ – ´

tsa ^äŒ‚ – thna
. ^äŒ≈ – ´
thsa
.
`«Î – tta `«¬ – tsa

.
^äŒÎ – thta ^äŒ¬ – thsa
.
`«÷ – ttha `«û – tsa ^äŒ«÷ – ththa ^äŒû – thsa
`«Ì – tda `«› – tha ^äŒ«Ì – thda ^äŒ› – thha

38
VOTTULU for “da” consonant VOTTULU for “dha” consonant
'^Œ«»— Ç¨ÏÅ∞¡‰õΩ "˘`«∞ÎÅ∞ '^èŒè»— Ç¨ÏÅ∞¡‰õΩ "˘`«∞ÎÅ∞
^Œ¯ – dka ^Œú – ddha ^èŒ¯ – dhka ^Œú – dhdha
^Œö – dkha ^Œfl – dna ^èŒö – dhkha ^èŒfl – dhna
^Œæ – dga ^ŒÊ – dpa ^èŒæ – dhga ^èŒÊ – dhpa
^Œ… – dgha ^ŒÊù – dpha ^èŒ… – dhgha ^èŒÊù – dhpha
^ŒÛ – dca ^Œƒ – dba ^èŒÛ – dhca ^èŒƒ – dhba
^ŒÛù – dcha ^Œƒù – dbha ^èŒÛù – dhcha ^èŒƒù – dhbha
^Œ˚ – dja ^Œ‡ – dma ^èŒ˚ – dhja ^èŒ‡ – dhma
^Œ~°≠ – djha ^Œº – dya ^è~°≠ Œ – dhjha ^èŒº – dhya
^Œì – dta
. „^Œ – dra ^èŒì – dhta
. „^èŒ – dhra
^Œª – dtha
. ^Œ¡ – dla ^èŒª – dhtha
. ^èŒ¡ – dhla
^Œ¤ – dda
. ^Œ«§ – dla
. ^èŒ¤ – dhda
.
^èŒ§ – dhla
.
^Œ – ddha
. ^Œfi – dva ^èŒ – dhdha
.
^èŒfi – dhva
^Œ‚ – dna
. ^Œ≈ – ´
dsa ^èŒ‚ – dhna
. ^èŒ≈ – ´
dhsa
^ŒÎ – dta ^Œ¬ – dsa

. ^èŒÎ – dhta ^èŒ¬ – dhsa
.
^Œ÷ – dtha ^Œû – dsa ^èŒ÷ – dhtha ^èŒû – dhsa
^ŒÌ – dda ^Œ› – dha ^èŒÌ – dhda ^èŒ› – dhha

39
VOTTULU for “na” consonant VOTTULU for “pa” consonant
'#— Ç¨ÏÅ∞¡‰Ωõ "˘`«∞ÅÎ ∞ 'Ñ¨— Ç¨ÏÅ∞¡‰õΩ "˘`«∞ÎÅ∞
#¯ – nka #ú – ndha Ñ¨¯ – pka Ñ¨ú – pdha
#ö – nkha #fl – nna Ñ¨ö – pkha Ñ¨fl – pna
#æ – nga #Ê – npa Ñ¨æ – pga Ñ¨Ê – ppa
#… – ngha #Êù – npha Ñ¨… – pgha Ñ¨Êù – ppha
#Û – nca #ƒ – nba Ñ¨Û – pca Ñ¨ƒ – pba
#Ûù – ncha #ƒù – nbha Ñ¨Ûù – pcha Ñ¨ƒù – pbha
#˚ – nja #‡ – nma Ñ¨˚ – pja Ñ¨‡ – pma
#~°≠ – njha #º – nya Ñ¨

~°≠
– pjha Ñ¨º – pya
#ì – nta
. „# – nra Ñ¨ì – pta
. „Ñ¨ – pra
#ª – ntha
. #¡ – nla Ñ¨ª – ptha
. Ñ¨¡ – pla
#¤ – nda
. #§ – nla
. Ñ¨¤ – pda
. Ñ¨§ – pla
.
# – ndha
. #fi – nva Ñ¨ – pdha
. Ñ¨fi – pva
#‚ – nna
. #≈ – ´
nsa Ñ¨‚ – pna
. Ñ¨≈ – ´
psa
#Î – nta #¬ – nsa
. Ñ¨Î – pta Ñ¨¬ – psa
.
#÷ – ntha #û – nsa Ñ¨÷ – ptha Ñ¨û – psa
#Ì – nda #› – nha Ñ¨Ì – pda Ñ¨› – pha

40
VOTTULU for “pha” consonant VOTTULU for “ba” consonant
'Ñ¶¨— Ç¨ÏÅ∞¡‰õΩ "˘`«∞ÎÅ∞ '|— Ç¨ÏÅ∞¡‰Ωõ "˘`«∞ÅÎ ∞
Ñ¶¨¯ – phka Ñ¶¨ú – phdha |¯ – bka |ú – bdha
Ñ¶¨ö – phkha Ñ¶¨fl – phna |ö – bkha |fl – bna
Ñ¶¨æ – phga Ñ¶¨Ê – phpa |æ – bga |Ê – bpa
Ñ¶¨… – phgha Ñ¶¨Êù – phpha |… – bgha |Êù – bpha
Ñ¶¨Û – phca Ñ¶¨ƒ – phba |Û – bca |ƒ – bba
Ñ¶¨Ûù – phcha Ñ¶¨ƒù – phbha |Ûù – bcha |ƒù – bbha
Ñ¶¨˚ – phja Ñ¶¨‡ – phma |˚ – bja |‡ – bma
Ñ¶¨ – phjha Ñ¶¨º – phya |~°≠ – bjha |º – bya

~°≠
Ñ¶¨ì – phta
. „Ñ¶¨ – phra |ì – bta
. „| – bra
Ñ¶¨ª – phtha
. Ñ¶¨¡ – phla |ª – btha
. |¡ – bla
Ñ¶¨¤ – phda
. Ñ¶¨§ – phla
.
|¤ – bda
. |§ – bla
.
Ñ¶¨ – phdha
. Ñ¶¨fi – phva | – bdha
. |fi – bva
Ñ¶¨‚ – phna
. Ñ¶¨≈ – ´
phsa |‚ – bna
. |≈ – ´
bsa
Ñ¶¨Î – phta Ñ¶¨¬ – phsa

.
|Î – bta |¬ – bsa
.
Ñ¶¨÷ – phtha Ñ¶¨û – phsa |÷ – btha |û – bsa
Ñ¶¨Ì – phda Ñ¶¨› – phha |Ì – bda |› – bha

41
VOTTULU for “bha” consonant VOTTULU for “ma” consonant
'Éèí— Ç¨ÏÅ∞¡‰õΩ "˘`«∞ÎÅ∞ '=∞— Ç¨ÏÅ∞¡‰õΩ "˘`«∞ÎÅ∞
Éèí¯ – bhka Éèíú – bhdha =∞¯ – mka =∞ú – mdha
Éèíö – bhkha Éèífl – bhna =∞ö – mkha =∞fl – mna
Éèíæ – bhga ÉèíÊ – bhpa =∞æ – mga =∞Ê – mpa
Éèí… – bhgha ÉèíÊù – bhpha =∞… – mgha =∞Êù – mpha
ÉèíÛ – bhca Éèíƒ – bhba =∞Û – mca =∞ƒ – mba
ÉèíÛù – bhcha Éèíƒù – bhbha =∞Ûù – mcha =∞ƒù – mbha
Éèí˚ – bhja Éèí‡ – bhma =∞˚ – mja =∞‡ – mma
Éè~°≠ í – bhjha Éèíº – bhya =∞

~°≠
– mjha =∞º – mya
Éèíì – bhta
. „Éèí – bhra =∞ì – mta
. „=∞ – mra
Éèíª – bhtha
. Éèí¡ – bhla =∞ª – mtha
. =∞¡ – mla
Éèí¤ – bhda
. Éèí§ – bhla
. =∞¤ – mda
. =∞§ – mla
.
Éèí – bhdha
. Éèífi – bhva =∞ – mdha
. =∞fi – mva
Éèí‚ – bhna
. Éèí≈ – ´
bhsa =∞‚ – mna
. =∞≈ – ´
msa
ÉèíÎ – bhta Éèí¬ – bhsa

. =∞Î – mta =∞¬ – msa
.
Éèí÷ – bhtha Éèíû – bhsa =∞÷ – mtha =∞û – msa
ÉèíÌ – bhda Éèí› – bhha =∞Ì – mda =∞› – mha

42
VOTTULU for “ya” consonant VOTTULU for “ra” consonant
'Ü«∞— Ç¨ÏÅ∞¡‰õΩ "˘`«∞ÎÅ∞ '~°— Ç¨ÏÅ∞¡‰õΩ "˘`«∞ÎÅ∞
Ü«∞¯ – yka Ü«∞ú – ydha ~°¯ – rka ~°ú – rdha
Ü«∞ö – ykha Ü«∞fl – yna ~°ö – rkha ~°fl – rna
Ü«∞æ – yga Ü«∞Ê – ypa ~°æ – rga ~°Ê – rpa
Ü«∞… – ygha Ü«∞Êù – ypha ~°… – rgha ~°Êù – rpha
Ü«∞Û – yca Ü«∞ƒ – ypba ~°Û – rca ~°ƒ – rba
Ü«∞Ûù – ycha Ü«∞ƒù – ybha ~°Ûù – rcha ~°ƒù – rbha
Ü«∞˚ – yja Ü«∞‡ – yma ~°˚ – rja ~°‡ – rma
Ü«~°≠ ∞ – yjha Ü«∞º – yya ~°~°≠ – rjha ~°º – rya
Ü«∞ì – yta
. „Ü«∞ – yra ~°ì – rta
. „~° – rra
Ü«∞ª – ytha
. Ü«∞¡ – yla ~°ª – rtha
. ~°¡ – rla
Ü«∞¤ – yda
. Ü«∞§ – yla
. ~°¤ – rda
. ~°§ – rla
.
Ü«∞ – ydha
. Ü«∞fi – yva ~° – rdha
. ~°fi – rva
Ü«∞‚ – yna
. Ü«∞≈ – ´
ysa ~°‚ – rna
. ~°≈ – ´
rsa
Ü«∞Î – yta Ü«∞¬ – ysa

. ~°Î – rta ~°¬ – rsa
.
Ü«∞÷ – ytha Ü«∞û – ysa ~°÷ – rtha ~°û – rsa
Ü«∞Ì – yda Ü«∞› – yha ~°Ì – rda ~°› – rha

43
VOTTULU for “la” consonant VOTTULU for “la”
. consonant
'Å— Ç¨ÏÅ∞¡‰Ωõ "˘`«∞ÅÎ ∞ 'à◊— Ç¨ÏÅ∞¡‰õΩ "˘`«∞ÎÅ∞
Å¯ – lka Åú – ldha à◊¯ – .lka à◊ú – .ldha
Åö – lkha Åfl – lna à◊ö – .lkha à◊fl – .lna
Åæ – lga ÅÊ – lpa à◊æ – .lga à◊Ê – .lpa
Å… – lgha ÅÊù – lpha à◊… – .lgha à◊Êù – .lpha
ÅÛ – lca Åƒ – lba à◊Û – .lca à◊ƒ – .lba
ÅÛù – lcha Åƒù – lbha à◊Ûù – .lcha à◊ƒù – .lbha
Å˚ – lja Å‡ – lma à◊˚ – .lja à◊‡ – .lma
Å
~°≠
– ljha Åº – lya à◊
~°≠
– .ljha à◊º – .lya
Åì – lta
. „Å – lra à◊ì – .lta
. „à◊ – .lra
Åª – ltha
. Å¡ – lla à◊ª – .ltha
. à◊¡ – .lla
Å¤ – lda
. Å§ – lla
. à◊¤ – .lda
. à◊§ – .lla
.
Å – ldha
. Åfi – lva à◊ – .ldha
. à◊fi – .lva
Å‚ – lna
. Å≈ – ´
lsa à◊‚ – .lna
. à◊≈ ´
– .lsa
ÅÎ – lta Å¬ – lsa
.
à◊Î – .lta à◊¬ – .lsa
.
Å÷ – ltha Åû – lsa à◊÷ – .ltha à◊û – .lsa
ÅÌ – lda Å› – lha à◊Ì – .lda à◊› – .lha

44
VOTTULU for “va” consonant ´
VOTTULU for “sa” consonant
'=— Ç¨ÏÅ∞¡‰Ωõ "˘`«∞ÅÎ ∞ 'â◊— Ç¨ÏÅ∞¡‰õΩ "˘`«∞ÎÅ∞
=¯ – vka =ú – vdha â◊¯ – ´
ska â◊ú – ´
sdha
=ö – vkha =fl – vna â◊ö – ´

skha â◊fl – ´
sna
=æ – vga =Ê – vpa â◊æ – ´

sga â◊Ê – ´
spa
=… – vgha =Êù – vpha â◊… – ´

sgha â◊Êù – ´
spha
=Û – vca =ƒ – vba â◊Û – ´

sca â◊ƒ – ´
sba
=Ûù – vcha =ƒù – vbha â◊Ûù – ´

scha â◊ƒù – ´
sbha
=˚ – vja =‡ – vma â◊˚ – ´

sja â◊‡ – ´
sma
=~°≠ – vjha =º – vya â◊

~°≠
– ´
sjha â◊º – ´
sya
=ì – vta
. „= – vra â◊ì ´
– sta
. „â◊ – ´
sra
=ª – vtha
. =¡ – vla â◊ª ´
– stha
. â◊¡ – ´
sla
=¤ – vda
. =§ – vla
. â◊¤ – ´
sda. â◊§ ´
– sla
.
= – vdha
. =fi – vva â◊ – ´
sdha
. â◊fi – ´
sva
=‚ – vna
. =≈ – ´
vsa â◊‚ – ´
sna
. â◊≈ – ´´
ssa
=Î – vta =¬ – vsa
. â◊Î – ´
sta â◊¬ – ´
ssa
.
=÷ – vtha =û – vsa â◊÷ – ´

stha â◊û – ´
ssa
=Ì – vda =› – vha â◊Ì – ´

sda â◊› – ´
sha
45
VOTTULU for “sa”
. consonant VOTTULU for “sa” consonant
'+¨— Ç¨ÏÅ∞¡‰Ωõ "˘`«∞ÅÎ ∞ 'ã¨— Ç¨ÏÅ∞¡‰Ωõ "˘`«∞ÅÎ ∞
+¨¯ – ska
. +¨ú – sdha
. ã¨¯ – ska ã¨ú – sdha
+¨ö – skha
. +¨fl – sna
. ã¨ö – skha ã¨fl – sna
+¨æ – sga
. +¨Ê – spa
. ã¨æ – sga ã¨Ê – spa
+¨… – sgha
. +¨Êù – spha
. ã¨… – sgha ã¨Êù – spha
+¨Û – sca
. +¨ƒ – sba
. ã¨Û – sca ã¨ƒ – sba
+¨Ûù – scha
. +¨ƒù – sbha
. ã¨Ûù – scha ã¨ƒù – sbha
+¨˚ – sja
. +¨‡ – sma
. ã¨˚ – sja ã¨‡ – sma
+¨
~°≠
– sjha
. +¨º – sya
. ã¨~°≠ – sjha ã¨º – sya
+¨ì – .sta
. „+¨ – sra
. ã¨ì – sta
. „ã¨ – sra
+¨ª – stha
.. +¨¡ – sla
. ã¨ª – stha
. ã¨¡ – sla
+¨¤ – sda
.. +¨§ – sla
.. ã¨¤ – sda
. ã¨§ – sla
.
+¨ – sdha
.. +¨fi – sva
. ã¨ – sdha
. ã¨fi – sva
+¨‚ – sna
.. +¨≈ .´
– ssa ã¨‚ – sna
. ã¨≈ – ´
ssa
+¨Î – sta
. +¨¬ – ssa
.. ã¨Î – sta ã¨¬ – ssa
.
+¨÷ – stha
. +¨û – ssa
. ã¨÷ – stha ã¨û – ssa
+¨Ì – sda
. +¨› – sha
. ã¨Ì – sda ã¨› – sha
46
VOTTULU for “ha” consonant
'Ç¨Ï— Ç¨ÏÅ∞¡‰Ωõ "˘`«∞ÅÎ ∞
Ç¨Ï¯ – hka Ç¨Ïì – hta
.
Ç¨Ïú – hdha „Ç¨Ï – hra
Ç¨Ïö – hkha Ç¨Ïª – htha

.
Ç¨Ïfl – hna Ç¨Ï¡ – hla
Ç¨Ïæ – hga Ç¨Ï¤ – hda

.
Ç¨ÏÊ – hpa Ç¨Ï§ – hla
.
Ç¨Ï… – hgha Ç¨Ï – hdha

.
Ç¨ÏÊù – hpha Ç¨Ïfi – hva
Ç¨ÏÛ – hca Ç¨Ï‚ – hna

.
Ç¨Ïƒ – hba Ç¨Ï≈ – ´
hsa
Ç¨ÏÛù – hcha Ç¨ÏÎ – hta Ç¨Ïƒù – hbha Ç¨Ï¬ – hsa

.
Ç¨Ï˚ – hja Ç¨Ï÷ – htha Ç¨Ï‡ – hma Ç¨Ïû – hsa
Ç¨~°≠Ï – hjha Ç¨ÏÌ – hda Ç¨Ïº – hya Ç¨Ï› – hha
QÆ=∞xHõ
V,&,}, Hõ,∆ é – D JHõ~∆ åÅ "˘`«∞Å
Î ∞ Z‰õΩ¯=QÍ "å_»∞HõÖ’ ÖË=Ù
HÍ|\ì̃ g\˜H˜ ãÖ|OkèOz# kfi`åfiHõ~∆ åÅ#∞ W=fiÖË^∞Œ .
NOTE
The vowel- consonant clusters for the Telugu letters viz.,
. ~
n, n, n,
. ksha, r. are not given since they are not
in much usage.
47
Just try for yourself!
Write all the Vowels in Series

J – JO
Write all the Consonants in Series
Hõ – é
Write Gunintamulu
. for ha (Ç¨Ï)
Write Vottulu for bh (Éè)í
48

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`≥Å∞QÆ∞ =~°=‚ ∂Å

Telugu Learning Kit

(ã¨∞#ﬂ = O – Sunna) (J~°ã∞¨ #ﬂ = ñ – Arasunna) (qã¨~æ° = ó - Visarga)

Hõ { |∞∞ ´ Hõ$ – kru

Hõ { S ´ ÔH· – kai Y { S ´ Mˇ· – khai

Q∑ { J ´ QÆ – ga Ñ¶π∞ { J ´ Ñ¶¨∞ – gha

QÆ { W ´ y – gi Ñ¶∞¨ { W ´ Ñ¶∞≤ – ghi

QÆ { L ´ QÆ∞ – gu Ñ¶∞¨ { L ´ Ñ¶Ú ¨ – ghu

QÆ { |∞∞ ´ QÆ$ – gru

QÆ { Z ´ ÔQ – ge Ñ¶∞¨ { Z ´ ÃÑ¶∞ – ghe

QÆ { S ´ ÔQ· – gai Ñ¶∞¨ { S ´ ÃÑ¶∞ÿ – ghai

QÆ { X ´ Q˘ – go Ñ¶∞¨ { X ´ Ñ¶∞¨ Á – gho

QÆ { B ´ Q“ – gau Ñ¶∞¨ { B ´ Ñ¶∞¨ ø – ghau

QÆ { Jó ´ QÆó – gah. Ñ¶∞¨ { Jó ´ Ñ¶∞¨ ó – ghah.

Kü { J ´ K« – ca Kèü { J ´ Kè« – cha

K« { L ´ K«∞ – cu Kè« { L ´ Kè∞« – chu

K« { |∞∞ ´ K«$ – cru

K« { Z ´ K≥ – ce Kè« { Z ´ Kè≥ – che

K« { S ´ K≥· – cai Kè« { S ´ Kè·≥ – chai

K« { X ´ K˘ – co Kè« { X ´ Kè˘ – cho

K« { B ´ KÒ – cau Kè« { B ´ KèÒ – chau

*ò { J ´ [ – ja ~ü≠ { J ´ ~°≠ – jha

[ { L ´ A – ju ~°≠ { L ´ ~°≠∞ – jhu

[ { Z ´ *ˇ – je ~°≠ { Z ´ Ô~≠ – jhe

[ { S ´ *ˇ· – jai ~°≠ { S ´ ~Ô ≠ÿ – jhai

[ { B ´ *∫ – jau ~°≠ { B ´ ~°≠ø – jhau

[ { Jó ´ [ó – jah. ~°≠ { Jó ´ ~°≠ó – jhah.

@ { W ´ \˜ – ti. ~î° { W ´ iî – thi

@ { L ´ @∞ – .tu ~î° { L ´ ~î∞° – thu

_» { |∞∞ ´ _»$ – dru

^ä£ { J ´ ^äŒ – tha ^£ { J ´ ^Œ – da

^äŒ { L ´ ^ä∞Œ – thu ^Œ { L ´ ^Œ∞ – du

^äŒ { |∞∞ ´ ^ä$Œ – thru

^äŒ { Z ´ ^ä≥ – the ^Œ { Z ´ ^≥ – de

^äŒ { S ´ ^ä·≥ – thai ^Œ { S ´ ^≥· – dai

^äŒ { X ´ ^ä˘ – tho ^Œ { X ´ ^˘ – do

^äŒ { B ´ ^äÒ – thau ^Œ { B ´ ^Ò – dau

^äŒ { JO ´ ^äOŒ – tham

^äŒ { Jó ´ ^äŒó – thah. ^Œ { Jó ´ ^Œó – dah.

^è£ { J ´ ^èŒ – dha <£ { J ´ # – na

^èŒ { L ´ ^è∞Œ – dhu # { L ´ #∞ – nu

^èŒ { |∞∞ ´ ^è$Œ – dhru

^èŒ { Z ´ ^è≥ – dhe # { Z ´ <≥ – ne

^èŒ { S ´ ^è·≥ – dhai # { S ´ <≥· – nai

^èŒ { X ´ ^è˘ – dho # { X ´ <˘ – no

^èŒ { B ´ ^èÒ – dhau # { B ´ <Ò – nau

^èŒ { JO ´ ^èOŒ – dham

^èŒ { Jó ´ ^èŒó – dhah. # { Jó ´ #ó – nah.

Ñπ { J ´ Ñ¨ – pa Ñ¶π { J ´ Ñ¶¨ – pha

Ñ¨ { W ´ Ñ≤ – pi Ñ¶¨ { W ´ Ñ¶≤ – phi

Ñ¨ { L ´ Ñ¨Ù – pu Ñ¶¨ { L ´ Ñ¶Ù¨ – phu

Ñ¨ { |∞∞ ´ Ñ¨$ – pru

Ñ¨ { S ´ ÃÑ· – pai Ñ¶¨ { S ´ ÃÑ¶· – phai

Ñ¨ { X ´ á⁄ – po Ñ¶¨ { X ´ á¶⁄ – pho

Ñ¨ { B ´ áœ – pau Ñ¶¨ { B ´ á¶œ – phau

Ñ¨ { Jó ´ Ñ¨ó – pah. Ñ¶¨ { Jó ´ Ñ¶ó¨ – phah.

Éò { J ´ | – ba Éèò { J ´ Éèí – bha

| { L ´ |∞ – bu Éèí { L ´ Éè∞í – bhu

| { Z ´ Éˇ – be Éèí { Z ´ Éèˇ – bhe

| { S ´ Éˇ· – bai Éèí { S ´ Éè·ˇ – bhai

| { X ´ ÉÁ – bo Éèí { X ´ ÉèÁ – bho

| { B ´ É∫ – bau Éèí { B ´ Éè∫ – bhau