MATH1015 Biostatistics

Summary

Sum. stat.

stem-and-leaf plot, boxplot, histogram Prob. P (A B ) = P (A) + P (B ) P (A B ) If P (A B ) = 0, A & B mutually exclusive & P (A B ) = P (A) + P (B ) P (A B ) = P (A)P (B |A) If P (B |A) = P (B ), A & B independent & P (A B ) = P (A)P (B ) Normal (continuous) Binomial (discrete) 2 Dist. X N (, ) X B (n, p) 2 2 X1 X2 N (1 2 , 1 + 2 ) E (X ) = np; V ar X ) = np(1 p) (n )( x P (X < x) = P (Z < ) P (X = r) = r pr (1 p)nr p(1p) X CLT N (, 2 ) Sam. X p = ) if n large n n N (p, n dist. One One sample or matched pairs t-test One sample Z -test sam. H0 : = 0 (normal, 2 unknown) H0 : p = p0 (n large) (1p ) s CI: x tn1,/2 n p z1/2 p n 0 p p0 HT: t-test: to = x t Z -test: z = N (0, 1) n 1 o s/ n
plot:

i xi 1 , Q2 , Q3 , LT=Q1 -1.5IQR, UT=Q3 +1.5IQR, mode n , Q 2 (i xi )2 2 i xi n spread: s = , range=max-min, IQR=Q3 -Q1 , outliers /(LT,UT) n1

location:

x =

p0 (1p0 )/ n

Two Two sample t-test 2 sam. H0 : 1 =2 (normals, i CI: HT: t-test: to = s2 p =

x 1 x 2 1 1 sp n + n
1

unk. & equal)

x 1 x 2 tn1 +n2 2,/2 sp

2

1 n1

1 n2

Two sample Z -test H0 : p1 =p2 (n1 , n2 large) 1 p 1 p 2 z1/2 p (1 p ) n + 1 Z -test: zo = p =

p (1p ) p 1 p 2
1 n1 1 +n 2

1 n2

tn1 +n2 2

N (0, 1)

2 (n1 1)s2 1 +(n2 1)s2 n1 +n2 2

X1 +X2 n1 +n2

One var.: H0 : pi =pi0 (Ei =npi0 5) (xi npi0 )2 Cate. 2 -test: 2 = 2 o g 1 npi0 1 Reg. Lxy = i xi yi n ( i xi )( i yi ) 1 2 Lxx = i x2 ( i n i xi ) 2 1 Lyy = i yi n ( i yi )2 Cor.: r = Lxy , Lxx Lyy r =% of t
2 i

cj Two var.: H0 : pij =pi pj (Eij = rin 5) ri cj 2 (xij n ) 2 -test: 2 2 ri cj o= (r 1)(c1)

i,j

Reg. line: y = a + bx Lxy b = Lxx , a=y bx b Test H0 : = 0: to = s/ tn2 L s =

2 Lyy bLxy n 2
xx

SydU MATH1015 (2013) First semester