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Skin
The skin is made up of three layers- the epidermis, the dermis and the fatty layer.
There are many different types of sensors in the skin.
The number of sensors varies in different parts of our body.
The sensitivity of the skin depends on two factors:
• The thickness of the epidermis
• The number of receptors
-Pain receptors are at the skin
surface. They are branched and
respond to intense stimuli.
Nose
Our nose also senses
chemical but it is
thousands of time more
sensitive than your sense
of taste.
Smells are chemical in
the air.
The chemical dissolve in the moist lining of your nose.
They stimulate sensors in your nose to send impulses to the brain.
The brain interprets these impulses as different smells.
The nasal cavities have glands which produce a sticky fluid called mucus.
A person having a cold cannot smell well. This is because the sensory cells are covered
with a lot mucus and not much chemicals can reach and stimulate the sensory cells.
The nervous pathway can be summarized as follows:
Chemical enter the nose Chemical dissolves in mucus Chemical stimulate the
sensory cells The sensory cells produce nervous impulses Nervous impulses are
sent along the nerves to the brain The brain interprets the impulses as a certain smell
Ears
The air around us is full of sound waves.
You ears work by converting these sound waves into nerve impulses.
This I show it happens:
• The outer part of your ear funnels the sound waves into the ear canal
• The sound waves travel along the ear canal to the eardrum.
• The eardrum starts to vibrate when sound waves hit it
• The vibrations are passed on to 3 little bones called the ossicles
• The ossicles pass the vibrations on to the inner eardrum or oval window
• When oval window vibrates it causes fluid in the cochlea to move
• Inside the cochlea are lots of tiny, sensory hairs. Movement of the fluid sets these
hairs vibrating. They send off nerve impulses to the brain
• The brain interprets these impulses as sounds
Eye
The nervous pathway is as follow:
Corneaaqueous humourpupileye lens vitreous humourretina
optic nervebrain
Defects of Vision
• Long-sightedness
• Short-sightedness
• Astigmatism
• Color blindness
• Optical illusion
• Blind spot