Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
Contenido
3.2.
Objetivos
Saber identificar el grado de hiperestaticidad de una celosa y su origen
Saber aplicar el PTV a la resolucin de celosas hiperestaticas
3.3.
11
AB 1 cm larga
CB 0.5 cm larga
DB +30C
EB 30C
10 kN
12
5m
Area 10 cm 2
E= 2.1e11 N/m 2
I=1420 cm 4
=0.000012 C -1
E
10 m
3.4.
Ejercicios resueltos
X1
X1
B
X2
X2
A
B
X1
B
X2
13
30 10000 N
-3660
12247
1N
1.4142
B
1N
-1
Nv1
Nv2
Planteando el PTV, con cargas unitarias, para sobre estos ltimos sistemas
se tiene que
BC =
N1v
BE =
N2v
l
(N + X1 N1v + X2 N2v ) + l + lT
AE
l
(N + X1 N1v + X2 N2v ) + l + lT
AE
(3.1)
(3.2)
que sern positivos cuando los puntos BC y BE se acerquen. Por otro lado,
observando las barras BC y BE, se tiene que,
barraBC =
barraBE =
lX1
+ l + lT
AE
lX2
+ l + lT
AE
(3.3)
BC
(3.4)
BE
14
X
lX1
l
+ l + lT
(N + X1 N1v + X2 N2v ) + l + lT
=
N1v
AE
AE
BC
(3.5)
X
lX2
l
v
v
v
+ l + lT
(N + X1 N1 + X2 N2 ) + l + lT
=
N2
AE
AE
BE
(3.6)
Las operaciones a realizar aparecen en el siguiente sumatorio
Barra
Nv1
Nv2
AB
2.38110
-8
-3660
1.4142
DB
3.36710-8
12247
-1
lt
-2
10
fNNv1
fN v1Nv2
0 -8.71410
2.54510-3
SUMATORIOS -8.71410
-5
3.36710
-8
fNNv2
f (Nv1)2
-1.23210
-4
f (Nv1)2
2.38110
-8
4.76210-8
0 -4.12310-4
3.36710-8
-5
-8
-8
8.12910-8
3.36710
-5.3510
-4
2.38110
(3.7)
(3.8)
N real
65.86783
158.45841
-64.34344
131.73566
-147.2849
-143.944
466.67766
-279.5694
40
-188.7046
292.17592
-96.73259
-44.72136
-457.4092
L (cm)
100
223.6068
200
200
223.6068
200
223.6068
100
200
100
223.6068
500
223.6068
200
200
200
-96.73 =X1
466.68 =X2
-147.3 =X3
X1
X2
X3
f=L/AE
N
NV1 NV2
3.353E-04
0
0
0
7.499E-04 89.44 -2.236
0
6.707E-04
-80
1.2
0
6.707E-04
0
0
0
7.499E-04
0
0
0
6.707E-04
80
-2 -0.8944
7.499E-04
0
0
1
3.353E-04
-40
1 -0.4472
6.707E-04
40
0
0
3.353E-04
20
0 -0.4472
7.499E-04 -44.7 1.3416
1
1.677E-03
0
1
0
7.499E-04 -44.7
0
0
6.707E-04
-40
0 -0.8944
BARRA
AB
AC
AG
BC
BG
CD
CF
CG
DE
DF
DG
DH
EF
FG
300
100
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
200
0.2937 =
1.0545 =
-0.121 =
E
20 kN
T= +30
EF= + 1 cm
CF= - 1 cm
IPN 120
X3
X3
X1
X1= -96.7326
X2= 466.6777
X3= -147.285
T L
NV3
f*N*NV1
f*N*NV2
f*N*NV3 f*NV1^2 f*NV2^2 f*NV3^2
-0.447 30 0
0
0
0
0
0 6.707E-05
1 30 0 -1.500E-01
0 6.707E-02 3.749E-03
0 7.499E-04
-0.894 30 0 -6.439E-02
0 4.799E-02 9.658E-04
0 5.366E-04
-0.894 30 0
0
0
0
0
0 5.366E-04
1 30 0
0
0
0
0
0 7.499E-04
0 30 0 -1.073E-01 -4.799E-02
0 2.683E-03 5.366E-04
0
0 30 -1
0
0
0
0 7.499E-04
0
-0.447 30 0 -1.341E-02 5.999E-03 5.999E-03 3.353E-04 6.707E-05 6.707E-05
0 30 0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0 30 0
0 -2.999E-03
0
0 6.71E-05
0
0 30 0 -4.499E-02 -3.353E-02
0 1.350E-03 7.499E-04
0
0 30 0
0
0
0 1.677E-03
0
0
0 30 1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0 30 0
0 2.400E-02
0
0 5.366E-04
0
SUMAS
-3.801E-01 -5.453E-02 1.211E-01 1.076E-02 2.707E-03 2.707E-03
X1
X2
F
X2
f*NV1*NV2
0
0
0
0
0
1.200E-03
0
-1.500E-04
0
0
1.006E-03
0
0
0
2.056E-03
20 kN
NV2*lt
0
0
0
0
0
-6.440E-02
8.050E-02
-1.610E-02
0
-1.610E-02
8.050E-02
0
0
-6.440E-02
0.000E+00
barra
AB
AF
AG
BC
BD
BF
BG
CD
CF
CH
DE
DF
EF
FG
100
0
0
100
0
0
0
75
-125
0
75
0
-125
-200
3.622E-06 2.700E-05
5.795E-05 2.912E-05
2.912E-05 1.191E-04
1.3414E-05
1.6767E-05
1.006E-05
1.3414E-05
1.6767E-05
1.006E-05
1.6767E-05
1.006E-05
1.6767E-05
2.8652E-05
1.006E-05
1.3414E-05
1.6767E-05
1.3414E-05
AB
AF
AG
BC
BD
BF
BG
CD
CF
CH
DE
DF
EF
FG
barra
300
0
0
0
-0.8
1
-0.6
0
-0.6
1
0
0
-0.8
0
0
NV3
300
=
=
=
0
0
0.000379
t= 30
DBF=+ 2 mm
DBF=-5 mm
A 1 cm vertical
IPN 120
-0.003622
0.001073
-0.006878
0
0
0
8.58E-06
1.68E-05
3.62E-06
0
3.62E-06
1.68E-05
0
0
8.58E-06
0
0
5.79E-05
4.822E-03
-1.462E-03
-1.535E-02
F*NV1^2
F*N*NV3
F*N*NV2
0 -0.001073 -0.002512
0
0
0
0
0
0
-0.001073105
0 -0.001884
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
-0.000452716
0
0
-0.002095909
0 -0.001227
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0 0.002146 -0.001256
-0.00362173 0.001073 -0.006878
F*N*NV1
100 kN
-1.87265836
0
-0.35112344
-1.40449377
0
-0.35112344
0.58520574
0
0.58520574
1
0
0
0
0.46816459
sumas
D
163 =X1
54.7 =X2
-179 =X3
X1
X2
X3
-0.8
1
-0.6
0
0
-0.6
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
-0.8
NV1 NV2
300
Nreal
392.18685
54.724704
30.158917
221.26229
163.39084
-67.87559
-50.26486
-23.03451
-66.59872
-179.4062
75
-130.7127
-125
-327.7714
C
19361.886 1136.65347 -4669.518
1136.6535 19742.5265 -5087.073
-4669.518 -5087.07259 10702.769
5.795E-05
3.622E-06
2.700E-05
4
5
3
4
5
3
5
3
5
8.5440037
3
4
5
4
l (m)
400
400
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
F*NV2^2
-0.0012
0.0003888
0.0031264
8.5848E-06
1.6767E-05
3.6217E-06
0
0
3.6217E-06
1.6767E-05
0
0
0
0
0
0
8.5848E-06
5.7948E-05
4.704E-05
0
1.2403E-06
2.646E-05
0
1.2403E-06
5.7422E-06
0
5.7422E-06
2.8652E-05
0
0
0
2.94E-06
0.00011906
F*NV3^3
0
0
0
1.5072E-05
0
2.1195E-06
0
0
9.8123E-06
0
0
0
0
0
2.7003E-05
X3
X3
X2
X2
X1
2.0096E-05
0
2.1195E-06
0
0
2.1195E-06
9.8123E-06
0
0
0
0
0
0
-5.024E-06
2.9123E-05
X1
Rv
As
1.87265836
-1.00E-02
0
0
0
0
0
3.6217E-06
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3.6217E-06
DL
0
0
0
-0.00115
0.0018
-0.00065
0
-0.00065
0.0018
0
0
-0.00115
0
0
0
-0.001152
0.0018
-0.000648
0
0
-0.000648
0.0018
0
0
0
0
0
0
-0.001152
0
-0.00269663
0
-0.00037921
-0.00202247
0
-0.00037921
0.00105337
0
0.00105337
0.003075841
0
0
0
0.000674157
0.000379213
100 kN
30
0
30
0
30
0
30
0
30
0
30 2.00E-03
30
0
30
0
30
0
30
0
30 -5.00E-03
30
0
30
0
30
0
163.39 =X1
54.72 =X2
-179.41 =X3
DT
NV2*L
NV3*L
0
0 0.0021573
0
0
0
0
0 0.0002275
0
0
0
0
0
0
-0.0012 0.000389 0.0002275
0
0 0.0010534
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0 -0.000539
-0.0012 0.000389 0.0031264
NV1*L
15 kN
500
10 kN
500
1.153E-08
1.153E-08
3.968E-08
1.18447E-07 1.84E-08
1.83934E-08 1.18E-07
1.15325E-08 1.15E-08
15 kN
N1
N2
N3
t=30
Acero
-52088
-78214
-1.7E-06 0.002906
-1.7E-06
0.01
-0.0036
0.005
=
=
=
46036
62089
-0.001218
= -0.002307
0.000368
-30329
-39660
=
=
=
-13976
2078
-6877
-16208
A=12 cm 2
-189994
-8554
0.001687
0.007691
0.001768
0.00169
0.007695
0.008968
-63461
-76524
77987
94040
+30
-30
N1= 2077.5409
N2= 62088.923
N3=
25917.5
N1= -13975.577
N2= 46035.805
N3= 216688.19
-243446
-62006
AF
BC
BF
CD
CE
CF
DE
DF
EF
5
5
8.6
5
8.6
7
7
8.6
5
1.984E-08 1.984E-08 3.41E-08 1.98E-08 3.41E-08 2.78E-08 2.78E-08 3.41E-08 1.984E-08
18571
-15000
0
-3571.4
0
-26000
-26000
31951
0
-0.581238 -0.5812382
1
0
0 -0.81373
0
0
0
0
0
0 -0.58124
1 -0.81373 -0.813733
1 -0.5812382
-1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
-1
SUMAS
-0.000214
0.000173
0
0
0 0.000588
0
0
0 0.0012175
0
0
0 4.12E-05
0 0.000588 0.000588 0.00109
0
0.002307
-0.000368
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0 -0.0003685
6.703E-09 6.703E-09 3.41E-08
0
0 1.84E-08
0
0
0 1.184E-07
0
0
0 6.7E-09 3.41E-08 1.84E-08 1.84E-08 3.41E-08 6.703E-09 1.184E-07
1.984E-08
0
0
0
0
0
0
0 1.984E-08 3.968E-08
0
0
0
0
0 1.84E-08
0
0
0 1.839E-08
1.153E-08
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0 1.153E-08
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0 1.153E-08 1.153E-08
0.0018
0.0018 0.003096
0.0018 0.003096 0.00252
0.00252 0.003096
0.0018
-0.001046 -0.0010462 0.003096
0
0 -0.00205
0
0
0 -1.674E-06
0
0
0 -0.00105 0.003096 -0.00205 -0.002051 0.003096 -0.0010462 -1.674E-06
-0.0018
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
-0.0018
-0.0036
-0.0018
-0.0018 -0.003096
-0.0018
-0.0031 -0.00252 -0.00252
-0.0031
-0.0018
0.0010462 0.0010462 -0.003096
0
0 0.002051
0
0
0 1.674E-06
0
0
0 0.001046
-0.0031 0.002051 0.002051
-0.0031 0.0010462 1.674E-06
0.0018
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.0018
0.0036
5.00E-03
-1.00E-02
0 -0.002906
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0 -0.0029062
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
-0.01
0
-0.01
0
-0.005
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
-0.005
AC
8.6
3.413E-08
19662
1
0
0
0.000671
0
0
3.413E-08
0
0
0
0
0
0.003096
0.003096
0
0
-0.003096
-0.003096
0
0
5686
21740
0
0
0
AB
7
2.78E-08
0
-0.81373
0
0
0
0
0
1.84E-08
0
0
0
0
0
0.00252
-0.00205
0
0
-0.00252
0.002051
0
0
11372
-1691
Asiento 2 cm
700
ESFUERZOS (N)
barra
Longitud
f
N
N1
N2
N3
f*N*N1
f*N*N2
f*N*N3
f*N1^2
f*N2^2
f*N3^2
f*N1*N2
f*N1*N3
f*N2*N3
ALFA*L*dt
Alfa*l*dt*N1
Alfa*l*dt*N2
Alfa*l*dt*N3
ALFA*L*dt
Alfa*l*dt*N1
Alfa*l*dt*N2
Alfa*l*dt*N3
DL
DL*N1
DL*N2
DL*N3
Nv
Ncompatible
f*Nv*Nc
Nv**l*Dt
Nv*Dl
9.5319E-05
3.77423E-06
9.51736E-05
X1= -48.44824451
X2=
-20.3861404
X3= 39.58480841
7.34286E-06
9.51736E-05
3.77423E-06
-13.92418081 -54.58165263
X1
X2
X3
-20.34659152
39.5848084
10.47847617 -20.3861404
E=2.1e11
=1.2e-5
DT=+30C
Errores de montaje:
CF +1 mm
AB 0.5 mm
Asiento en G 2 mm hacia abajo
f*N*Nv
DT*Nv
DL*Nv
-0.00175873
0
0
-0.00114372 -2.84536E-06
-0.001
-0.00049621 -2.84536E-06 -0.0004285
3 00
12 -2.529077678
300
-23.32
20 kN
6.82289337
f*Nv*Nc
1.29E-04
Nv**l*Dt
-3.60E-03
Nv*Dl
-5.00E-04
Asiento
0.004
AF
AG
BC
BD
BF
BG
CD
CF
DE
DF
EF
FG
1
0
0
0
1.166
-0.6
0
0
0
0.6
-1
-1.166
-2
-13.92418081 -54.58165263 -20.34659152 17.47092232 2.933859601 26.58012915 39.5848084 10.47847617 -20.3861404
12 -2.529077678
-23.32 6.82289337
-0.000331528
0
0
0 9.49857E-05
-0.00022783
0
0
0 0.00010286 6.02161E-05
0.000755 -0.0003249
0.0018
0
0
0
0.0024476
-0.000648
0
0
0
0.000648
-0.0018 -0.0024476
-0.0036
-5.00E-04
0.00E+00
0.00E+00
0.00E+00
0.00E+00
0.00E+00
0.00E+00
0.00E+00
0.00E+00
0.00E+00
0.00E+00
0.00E+00
0.00E+00
AB
Desp= 2.88E-05
1.29E-04
-3.60E-03
-5.00E-04
SUMAS
=
=
=
26.58012915
REACCIO
-0.00509206 -0.003333333
-0.00214657
0
-0.00092755
0
17.47092232 2.933859601
AF
AG
BC
BD
BF
BG
CD
CF
DE
DF
EF
FG
5.830951895
3
5 5.830951895
3 5.83095189
3 5.83095189
3
5 5.83095189
5
2.77664E-05 1.42857E-05 2.38095E-05 2.77664E-05 1.42857E-05 2.7766E-05
1.42857E-05 2.7766E-05 1.4286E-05 2.38095E-05 2.7766E-05
2.381E-05
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
1.00E-03
0
0
0
23.32
-12
0
0
0
12
-20
-23.32
-40
1.943650632
0
0
0
-1
0
0
0
0
0
0 -1.66666667
-0.857
1
-0.514
-0.514
1
-0.857
1
-0.514
-0.514
1
-0.857
0
0
0
0 0.000171429
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.0015873
0
0
0 0.000647513 8.81143E-05
0
0
0
0 0.000408095
0
0
0
0
0
0 8.81143E-05
0
0
0
0
0
0 0.00081619
8.99471E-05
0
0
0 2.38095E-05
0
0
0
0
0
0 6.6138E-05
0
0 1.74869E-05 2.38095E-05 6.29038E-06
0
6.29038E-06
2.381E-05
0 1.74869E-05
0
0
2.38095E-05 6.29038E-06
0
0 6.29038E-06
2.381E-05
0
0
0
0
0 1.7487E-05
0
0
0
0 7.34286E-06
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
5.39683E-05
0
0
0 7.34286E-06
0
0
0
0
0
0 3.4008E-05
0
0
0
0 3.77423E-06
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.00408
0
0
0
-0.00108
0
0
0
0
0
0
-0.003
0
0
-0.0015426 0.002099143
-0.00055512
0
-0.00055512 0.00209914
0
-0.0015426
0
0
0.002099143
-0.00055512
0
0 -0.00055512 0.00209914
0
0
0
0
0 -0.0015426
0.00E+00
0.00E+00
0.00E+00
0.00E+00
0.00E+00
0.00E+00
0.00E+00
0.00E+00
0.00E+00
0.00E+00
0.00E+00
0.00E+00
0.00E+00
0.00E+00
0.00E+00
0.00E+00
0.00E+00
0.00E+00
0.00E+00
1.00E-03
0.00E+00
0.00E+00
0.00E+00
0.00E+00
0.00E+00
0.00E+00
0.00E+00
0.00E+00
0.00E+00
0.00E+00
0.00E+00
0.00E+00
0.00E+00
0.00E+00
0.00E+00
0.00E+00
0.000179894
7.34286E-06
9.5319E-05
5
2.38095E-05
30
-5.00E-04
20
0
-0.857
0
0
-0.000408095
0
0
1.74869E-05
0
0
0
0
0
-0.0015426
0.00E+00
0.00E+00
4.29E-04
AB
ESFUERZOS
0.00175873
0.001143723
0.00049621
0.000179894
9.51736E-05
9.51736E-05
7.34286E-06
9.5319E-05
3.77423E-06
0
2.84536E-06
2.84536E-06
0
0.001
0.0004285
SUMAS
500
500
L
f
dt
DL
N
N1
N2
N3
f*N*N1
f*N*N2
f*N*N3
f*N1^2
f*N2^2
f*N3^2
f*N1*N2
f*N1*N3
f*N2*N3
N1**l*DT
N2**l*DT
N3**l*DT
N1*DL
N2*DL
N3*DL
3.5.
19
Ejercicios propuestos
2.54 m
2.54 m
45.4 kN
E
2.54 m
-8.192
+17.75
-9.558
-1.931
-38.62
+1.365
+25.585
-18.092
-1.931
+1.365
-18.092
2. En la celosa de la figura, calcular los esfuerzos en todas las barras y reacciones en los apoyos, debido a la actuacin simultnea de todas las acciones
indicadas (cargas exteriores y asientos de apoyos). Datos: rea de todas las
barras 20 cm2 ; E = 2,1105 N/mm2 . Barra AC 1 mm ms corta
400 kN
20
300 kN
100 kN
5m
A
C
2 x 5m = 10 m
0,5 cm
1 cm
1 cm
Asientos de apoyos
1,2 cm
1 cm
Solucin
-33.02
66.98
-133.02
504
-94.73
-400
504
46.69
-333.02
0
404
133.02
433.97
333.02
3. Un procedimiento para resolver la hiperestaticidad de la estructura representada consiste en suprimir dos de sus barras e imponer ciertas condiciones
de deformacin. Las dos barras a suprimir no pueden ser elegidas arbitrariamente, sino que la estructura resultante debe cumplir ciertas condiciones.
Analizar las cuatro posibilidades a), b), c) y d) presentadas, y responder de
forma razonada cual/es es/son adecuada/s para desarrollar el procedimiento
descrito
21
6m
40000 kg
4x4.5m
-21857
-10443.8
G
11428
-3067.7
30857
-37500
-7593.5
6074.8
-12500
-1071.7
4906.4
1218.9
8075.8
-2368.1
-6924.2
5. Clcular los esfuerzos en la celosa de la figura que est formada por barras
de acero con una seccin de 16 cm2 . Calcular el desplazamiento de algn
nudo
700
300
600
500
20000 N
30000 N
63.9
Ux
Uy
3.2410-4
-2.8610-3
-6.2410-4
-2.2210-3
-4
-5.4610-3
33.87
-30.5
-20.22
-19.6
-1.2310
42.9
-15.54
Esfuerzos en kN
22
15kN
Cuadrado de lado L
-10.6
-10.6
4.39
4.39
kN
7. Hallar los esfuerzos en todas las barras. stas son del mismo material y
seccin constante, (E = 2,11011 N/m2 y A=14.7 cm2 )
100 kN
100 kN
-20896
-100000
1267
100000
-896
-61793
-55301
-99104
39104
20 kN
E
5m
40 kN
5m
5m
Valores en
N
B
-16442
6m
-38802
F
10kN
C
33212
-49412
33212
Dx=5.2 mm
Dy=-0.78 mm
E=2.110 kg/cm
2
A=17.4 cm
Fx=0.459 mm
Esfuerzos en N
Fy=0.567 mm
10kN
23
600 cm
C
12000 kg
A
610 cm
300 cm