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10/21/2013
Dq0 Transform
The dq0 transform (often called the Park transform) is a space vector transformation of three-phase timedomain signals from a stationary phase coordinate system (ABC) to a rotating coordinate system (dq0). The transform applied to time-domain voltages in the natural frame (i.e. ua, ub and uc) is as follows:
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Where is the angle between the rotating and fixed coordinate system at each time t and an initial phase shift of the voltage. The inverse transformation from the dq0 frame to the natural abc frame:
is
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As in the Clarke Transform, it is interesting to note that the 0-component above is the same as the zero sequence component in the symmetrical components transform. For example, for voltages Ua, Ub and Uc, the zero sequence component for both the dq0 and symmetrical components transforms is .
The remainder of this article provides some of the intuition behind why the dq0 transform is so useful in electrical engineering.
Contents [hide] 1 Background 2 Classical dq0 Transform in Balanced Systems 2.1 dq0 Transform of Balanced Three-Phase Voltages 2.2 dq0 Transform of Balanced Three-Phase Currents 2.3 Instantaneous Pow er in dq0 Frame 2.4 Summary of dq0 Transform in Balanced Systems 3 Pow er Invariant Formulation 4 References 5 Related Topics
Background
The dq0 transform is essentially an extension of the Clake transform, applying an angle transformation to convert from a stationary reference frame to a synchronously rotating frame. The synchronous reference frame can be aligned to rotate with the voltage (e.g. used in voltage source converters) or with the current (e.g. used in current source converters).
Historically however, the dq0 transform was introduced earlier than the Clarke transform by R. H. Park seminal 1929 paper on synchronous machine modelling [1].
in his
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Note that in the dq0 frame, the 0-component is the same as that in the
the Clarke transform, the 0-component is zero for balanced three-phase systems. Therefore in the following discussion on balanced systems, the 0-component will be omitted. Consider a balanced three-phase voltage with components as follows:
Suppose that we are using a voltage reference frame and will align the synchronous frame with the voltage. Therefore and:
It can be observed that since the synchronous frame is aligned to rotate with the voltage, the d-component corresponds to the magnitude of the voltage and the q-component is zero. A plot of the transformation of a voltage from a stationary frame into rotating dq frame is shown in the figure below.
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When the synchronous frame is aligned to voltage, we saw earlier that the quadrature component : Therefore, the power equations reduce to:
The above equations show that independent control of active and reactive power is possible by means of controlling the dq current components (id and iq).
Inverse transform:
References
[1] R. H. Park, "Two-Reaction Theory of Synchronous Machines: Generalized Method of Analysis - Part I ". Transactions of the AIEE 48: 716730, 1929
Related Topics
Clarke Transform Symmetrical Components Reference Frames Category: Fundamentals
Disclaimers
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