Capitolul 12 5(3$57,

,$9(1,785,/25

CUPRINS
1DWXUDLIRUPHOHUHSDUWL LHL

Formarea veniturilor.

12.2. Salariul
12.3. Profitul
12.4. Dobnda
12.5. Renta

%,%/,2*5$),(6(/(&7,9

175(%

5,'($872(9$/8$5(

CONCEPTE

5HSDUWL LDYHQLWXOXLQD LRQDO

5HSDUWL LDIXQF LRQDO

Redistribuirea veniturilor
3UHOHY ULGLQYHQLWXUL

Transferuri
Salariul
Salariul nominal
Salariul real
Salariul minim
'LIHUHQ LHUHDVDODULLORU

Profitul

Profitul nelegitim sau ilegal

Profitul net sau admis
Supraprofitul
Dobnda
5DWDGREkQ]LLVLPSOHLFRPSXVH
'REkQGDUHDO
'REkQGDQHW
5HQWDHFRQRPLF 
5HQWDIXQFLDU GLIHUHQ LDO
5HQWDIXQFLDU DEVROXW

Cvasirenta

5(3$57,

,$9(1,785,/25

'XS  FH D IRVW VWXGLDW  FUHDUHD ERJ

Prezentare

LHL SULQ DFWLYLWDWHD HFRQRPLF 

WUHEXLH V  ILH FXQRVFXW L PRGXO FXP DFHDVWD HVWH UHSDUWL]DW 

JHQHUDO

vPS U LW vQWUHLQGLYL]LGkQGQDWHUHYHQLWXULORUQDFHVWVHQVUROXO
IXQGDPHQWDO UHYLQH SLH HL L LQWHUYHQ LLORU UHDOL]DWH GH DGPLQLVWUD LL

n special de cele publice.

1$785$,)250(/(5(3$57,

5(3$57,

,$

,(,

HVWH SURFHVXO SULQ FDUH YDORDUHD DG XJDW  GLQ DFWLYLWDWHD

HFRQRPLF  LQWHUQ  L GLQ H[WHULRU VDX YHQLWXO QD LRQDO VH vPSDUWH vQWUH SRVHVRULL
IDFWRULORUGHSURGXF LHLDUvQFHOHGLQXUP LvQWUHDO L

indivizi.

5HSDUWL LD YHQLWXULORU DUH FDUDFWHU FRPSOH[ L VH UHDOL]HD]  SULQ GRX  SURFHVH FDUH VH LQWHUIHUHD] 

dar care din punct de vedere logic pot fi relevate separat.

'LVWULEX LDSULPDU

5HSDUWL LD

IXQF LRQDO

VDX

GLVWULEX LD

SULPDU

are loc ntre

SRVHVRULL IDFWRULORU GH SURGXF LH vQ IXQF LH GH FRQWULEX LD SH FDUH R
DX OD FUHDUHD YHQLWXOXL QD LRQDO VDX QRLL YDORUL 6H UHDOL]HD]  SULQ
LQWHUPHGLXO SLH HORU IDFWRULORU GH SURGXF LH

 SLD D PXQFLL SLD D

PRQHWDU LDFDSLWDOXOXLSLD DIXQFLDU

Veniturile primare

9HQLWXULOH SULPDUH VDX IXQF LRQDOH VXQW DFHOHD FDUH VH IRUPHD] 
SULQ GLVWULEX LD SULPDU  VDX IXQF LRQDO  L FRUHVSXQG IDFWRULORU
LPSOLFD LGLUHFWvQDFWLYLWDWHDHFRQRPLF 

Redistribuirea

Salariul revine posesorilor muncii;

Profitul revine firmei;
Dobnda revine posesorilor capitalului ;
Renta revine posesorilor pamntului atras n activitatea
HFRQRPLF 

5HSDUWL LD VHFXQGDU

 VDX UHGLVWULEXLUHD FRPSOHWHD]  SURFHVXO

UHSDUWL LHL SULQ LQWHUYHQ LD DGPLQLVWUD LLORU

ndeosebi publice

determinnd formarea unor noi venituturi.

Venituri derivate

Veniturile secundare sau derivate VH IRUPHD]

 SULQ UHGLVWULEXLUHD

YHQLWXULORU SULPDUH FD XUPDUH D LQWHUYHQ LHL DGPLQLVWUD LLORU )RUPH

fundamentale :
3UHOHY UL constituie venituri ale administra LLORU DGLF 
sume preluate din veniturile primare, n mod obligatoriu,
pentru a fi redistribuite. Sunt percepute ca : T.V.A., impozite

SHYHQLWFDSLWDOLPRELOHFRQWULEX LLODDVLJXU ULOHVRFLDOHOD

DMXWRUXOGHRPDMHWF

Caseta 12.1 5HSDUWL LDSHUVRQDO

Transferuri  SO

L JUDWXLWH F WUH GLIHUL L EHQHILFLDUL SUHFXP

VXEYHQ LLDMXWRUGHRPDMDORFD LLSHQWUXFRSLLGRQD LLHWF

DYHQLWXULORU

3ULYHWHGLUHFWPHQDMHOHVDXJRVSRG ULLOH

5HOHY PRGXOvQFDUHVHFRQVWLWXLHYHQLWXULOHLQGLYLGXDOHFDUH]XOWDWDOUHSDUWL LHLSULPDUHLGHULYDWH

GLQ GLVWULEX LD SULPDU  SULQ LQWHUPHGLXO SLH HORU IDFWRULORU GH SURGXF LH FX FDUH R SHUVRDQ 
SDUWLFLS  OD DFWLYLWDWHD HFRQRPLF  DGLF  SULQ UHPXQHUDUHD IDFWRULORU GH SURGXF LH

salariu,

SURILWGREkQG UHQW 

prLQ SUHOHY

UL SHUFHSXWH GH DGPLQLVWUD LL

GLPLQXHD] YHQLWXULOHSULPDUH

 79$ LPSR]LWH SH YHQLW L SURSULHWDWH HWF care

prin transferuriGHOHDGPLQLVWUD LLVDXvenituri din transferFDUHVHDGDXJ

ODYHQLWXULOHSULPDUH

SHQWUX FHL FDUH SDUWLFLS  OD GLVWULEX LD SULPDU  VDX FRQVWLWXLH VLQJXUD IRUP  GH YHQLW SHQWUX FHL

care nu au venituri primare.

12.2. SALARIUL
Salariul -

UHSUH]LQW  YHQLWXO SULQ FDUH VH UHPXQHUHD]  PXQFD L GH DFHHD HVWH

FRQVLGHUDWSUH DOPXQFLLDYkQGvQV RGHQXPLUHVSHFLILF

Salariul natural

VDODULXO D F UXL P ULPH UHSUH]LQW  FRVWXO PXQFLL PLQLPXO QHFHVDU

SHQWUXH[LVWHQ DVDODULDWXOXLLIDPLOLHLVDOH

Salariul individual, parte a fondului de salarii - partea din fondul de salarii suma
WRWDO SUHY ]XW SHQWUXVDODULLFHUHYLQHXQXLVDODULDW

6DODULXOUH]XOWDWDOSURGXFWLYLW

LLPDUJLQDOH

- VDODULXOHVWHRVXP

DF UHLP ULPH

VH GHWHUPLQ  vQ IXQF LH GH UDSRUWXO GLQWUH SURGXFWLYLWDWHD PDUJLQDO  D VDODULXOXL
XWLOLWDWHD SH FDUH PXQFD VDODULDWXOXL R DUH SHQWUX FDSLWDOLVW L FRVWXO PDUJLQDO DO
PXQFLL FHHD FH SO WHWH FDSLWDOLVWXO VDODULDWXOXL FDUH FRQVWLWXLH XWLOLWDWHD PXQFLL

pentru salariat. Capitalistul nu acFHSW

 vQ SULQFLSLX V  SO WHDVF  XQ VDODULX GH R

DQXPLW  P ULPH GDF  SURGXFWLYLWDWHD VDODULDWXOXL UHVSHFWLY QX HVWH HJDO  VDX PDL
PDUHFXVDODULXO&RQGL LD

: VMPn W.

6DODULXO UH]XOWDW DO UDSRUWXOXL GLQWUH IRU HOH VRFLDOH LPSOLFDWH

- salariul este o

VXP  D F UHL P ULPH GHFXUJH GLQ UDSRUWXO GH IRU H H[LVWHQW OD XQ PRPHQW vQV 
YDULDELOvQWLPSvQWUHVDODULD LLFHLFHIRORVHVFPXQFDGLQWUHVLQGLFDWHOHVDODULD LORU
LSDWURQDW

SALARIUL REZULTAT AL NEGOCIERII -

1RXD FRDO  GH OD &DPEULGJH

FRQVLGHU  VDODULXO FD H[SUHVLH D vPS U LULL YHQLWXULORU SULQ QHJRFLHUH vQWUH SDUWHQHULL

sociali.

Caseta 12.2 Originea salariului ca venit

SALARIUL DIRECT SAU DE RANDAMENT  YHQLWXO SULPDU RE LQXW GLQ SDUWLFLSDUHD OD DFWLYLWDWHD HFRQRPLF 
Poate fi individual sau colectiv.
SALARIUL SOCIAL SAU INDIRECT YHQLWLQGHSHQGHQWGHDFWLYLWDWHDFHOXLFDUHvOSULPHWHI U FRQWUDSDUWLG 

Salariul cost

Salariul
venit

Salariul
nominal

Salariul real

7RDWHFKHOWXLHOLOHILUPHLFXIDFWRUXOPXQF 

Partea din salariul FRVWHIHFWLYSULPLW

GHVDODULDW

6XPDGHEDQLvQFDVDW GHVDODULDWSHQWUXPXQFDSUHVWDWH

%XQXULOH PDWHULDOH L VHUYLFLLOH FH SRW IL RE LQXWH FX VDODULXO QRPLQDO
VDXVDODULXOQRPLQDOFRUHFWDWFXLQGLFHOHSUH XULORU

SR =(SN/IP)100
SN-salariul nominal
SR-salariul real
Ip-LQGLFHOHSUH XULORU

&DVHWD)DFWRULGHLQIOXHQ

DVDODULXOXL

-venit modern (actual)

,03/,&$5($WRWPDLHYLGHQW DJUXSXULORUSDWURQDOHLVDODULDOHVLQGLFDWHORUFRUHVSXQ] WRDUHORU

INTE59(1
',)(5(1

,$67$78/8,vQUHOD LLOHGHPXQF VDODULDOH

(/(GLQWUHPHFDQLVPHOHGHVWDELOLUHDP ULPLLVDODULLORU

,1'(7(50,1$5($ P ULPLL VDODULLORU FDUH RVFLOHD]  vQWUH SURGXFWLYLWDWHD PDUJLQDO  D PXQFLL L VDODULXO

minim legal.
RIGIDITATEA SALARIILOR peWHUPHQVFXUWvQFRQGL LLGHUHFHVLXQHLODVF
5$7$5,',&$7

GHUH

$20$-8/8,LWHQGLQ DGHSUHOXQJLUHDGXUDWHLRPDMXOXL

$SOLFD LH0RGHOGHUH

zolvare

1. 'DF

UDWDLQIOD LHLHVWHvQDQXOFXUHQWID

GHDQXOSUHFHGHQWLDUVDODULXOQRPLQDOFUHWH

FXV VHFDOFXOH]H

a)
b)

HYROX LDVDODULXOXLUHDO
FX FkW DU IL WUHEXLW V  FUHDVF  VDODULXO QRPLQDO SHQWUX FD VDODULXO UHDO V  U PkQ 

constant.
5

VSXQVD65DFUHVFXWFXE61WUHEXLHV FUHDVF FX

Rezolvare:D,QGLFHOHVDODULXOXLUHDOUHSUH]LQW UDSRUWXOGLQWUHLQGLFHOHVDODULXOXLQRPLQDOL

= (ISN/ IP)100=(165%/ 150%)100= 110%. Salariul real a crescut cu
10%.
b) 6DODULXOQRPLQDOWUHEXLDV FUHDVF FXSHQWUXFDVDODULXOUHDOV U PkQ FRQVWDQW

LQGLFHOHSUH XULORU,SR

12.3. PROFITUL

PROFITUL - DFFHS LXQH JHQHUDO -

GHQXPLUHD JHQHULF  GDW  GLIHUHQ HL SR]LWLYH

GLQWUH VXPHOH RE LQXWH GH R VRFLHWDWH FRPHUFLDO  GLQ SURGXFHUHD L YkQ]DUHD XQXL
EXQHFRQRPLFLFKHOWXLHOLOHRFD]LRQDWHGHSURGXFHUHDLYkQ]DUHDVD

6XPD SH FDUH R GHQXPLP SURILW SURYLQH GLQ HILFLHQ D DFWLYLW

LL GDU

poate cuSULQGHvQGLIHULWHSURSRU LLLDOWHIRUPHGHYHQLW

Are caracter complex L H[SOLFD LL IRDUWH GLIHULWH H[SXVH SULQ GLYHUVH
teorii:
teorii subiective FH FRQVLGHU  F  SURILWXO vL DUH RULJLQHD vQ
DF LXQHDDQWUHSUHQRUXOXL:

J. Schumpeter profitul recompensHD]  DF LXQHD

GLQDPLF LLQRYD LDDQWUHSUHQRUXOXL

F.H. Knight  SURILWXO HVWH R UHFRPSHQV  SHQWUX ULVFXO

asumat de antreprenor.
teorii obiective FDUH DWULEXLH SURILWXO XQRU FRQGL LL RELHFWLYH
existente n societate:

K. Marx  SURILWXO vL DUH VXUVD vQ SOusvaloare sau n

Profitul nu este o
P

ULPHRPRJHQ

YDORDUHDQRXFUHDW 

L. Walras 

IDFWRUL VWUXFWXUDOL SUHFXP SLH HOH GH

PRQRSROJHQHUHD] SURILWXO

Concluzie: DQDOL]D DFHVWRU H[SOLFD LL HVWH PDL GHJUDE

dect contradictorie.

Modul de calcul

(VWHFHOFRQWDELOLDUHFDUDF

 FRPSOHPHQWDU 

ter oficial - obligatoriu.

Profit = YHQLWXULOH GLQ DFWLYLWDWHD FRPHUFLDO

 D XQXL DJHQW HFRQRPLF

FKHOWXLHOLOHI FXWHvQDFHVWVHQV

Profit legitim sau

legal
Profit nelegitim
sau nelegal
Profit net sau
admis
Profit economic

(VWHRE LQXWvQFRQWH[WXOUHVSHFW ULLOHJLVOD LHLvQYLJRDUH

EsWHRE LQXWSULQvQF OFDUHDGHOLEHUDW

V U PkQ FHOXLFHO-DRE LQXW

VDXQXDOHJLVOD LHL1XWUHEXLH

(VWHSURILWXOU PDVGXS SODWDLPSR]LWXOXL

(VWHSURILWXOFDOFXODWFDGLIHUHQ

vQWUHYHQLWXORE LQXWGHILUP LFRVWXO

V XWRWDOGHRS LXQHVDXRSRUWXQLWDWH

profitul economic<profit legal.

Profitul normal

(VWHSURILWXOVXILFLHQWSHQWUXDFRQWLQXDDFWLYLWDWHDHFRQRPLF SULQFDUH

Supraprofitul

Excedentul de profit peste cel normal.

ULPHD

DIRVWRE LQXW

3RDWHILUHOHYDW SULQ

profitului

masa profitului VXPDDEVROXW

rata profitului care poate fi:

DSURILWXOXL

UDWDFRPHUFLDO

profit/cifra de afaceri x 100;

UDWDHFRQRPLF

profit/activele totale ale firmei x 100

UDWDILQDQFLDU

profit/activele totale ale firmei x 100

UDWDUHQWDELOLW

LL

profit/cost x 100

Caseta 12.4 )DFWRULLGHLQIOXHQ

DSURILWXOXL

niveluOSURGXFWLYLW LLUDQGDPHQWXOXL LQIOXHQ GLUHFWSURSRU LRQDO 

LQIOXHQ GLUHFWSURSRU LRQDO 
costul LQIOXHQ LQYHUV SURSRU LRQDO 
YROXPXOVWUXFWXUDLFDOLWDWHDSURGXF LHLLQIOXHQ vQJHQHUDOGLUHFWSURSRU LRQDO
vitezDGHFLUFXOD LHDFDSLWDOXOXL LQIOXHQ GLUHFWSURSRU LRQDO 
economisirea capitalului LQIOXHQ GLUHFWSURSRU LRQDO .

SUH XOGHYkQ]DUH

$SOLFD LH0RGHOGHUH]ROYDUH

1.

6DODULXOVHGHRVHEHWHGHSURILWSULQDFHHDF 

a) salariul este mai mare dect profitul;

b) profitul este un venit;
c) VXQWGRX IRUPHGHYHQLWFDUHUHYLQXQRUSRVHVRULGHIDFWRULGHSURGXF LHGLIHUL L
d) salariul este folosit pentru consum, iar profitul este folosit pentru economisire.
5 VSXQV: c)
Rezolvare:SHQWUXF VDODULXOLSURILWXOVXnt forme de venit ce revin posesorilor unor factori de
SURGXF LHGLIHUL L

12.4. DOBNDA

DOBNDA

UHSUH]LQW  YHQLWXO vQVXLW GH SURSULHWDUXO RULF UXL FDSLWDO DQWUHQDW vQWU

-o

DFWLYLWDWHHFRQRPLF VXEIRUP GHH[FHGHQWSHVWHFDSLWDOXOUHVSHFWLYDYDQVDW

5HWULEXLH SH SURSULHWDU SHQWUX VHUYLFLXO DGXV GH FDSLWDOXO V X vQ DFWLYLWDWHD vQ FDUH D IRVW

investit.
0

ULPHD

dobnzii

(VWHUHOHYDW SULQ

PDVDVDXVXPDDEVROXW

DGREkQ]LL'

rata dobnzii venitul anual exprimat n procente(d);

rata dobnzii simple serviciul relativ adus de un capital

vQFRQGL LLOHvQFDUHGREkQGDQXVHFDSLWDOL]HD] 

d = D/C x 100

C = capitalul avansat,
D = masa dobnzii.
rata dobnzii compuse serviciul relativ adus de un

FDSLWDOFkQGGREkQGDVHFDSLWDOL]HD]
n

D = (1 + d)

Q

Diversitatea
ratelor
dobnzii(d)

&ULWHULLOHGLYHUVLW

QXP UXOGHDQL

LLVXQW

VSHFLDOL]DUHD GLIHULWHORU SLH H SH FDUH FDSLWDOXO SRDWH

activa;

VFDGHQ DGHSODW 
riscurile asumate de investitor.
Ratele dobnzilor nominale:

UDWHOHSURSULLSLH HLPRQHWDUH pentru credite de:

- o zi; 30 zile; 90 zile; 180 zile;
- UDWDGREkQ]LLEDQFDUHGHED] 
- rata dobnzii la casele de economii.

UDWHOHGREkQ]LORUSHSLD DLQWHUEDQFDU

ratele dobnzilor pe termen lung sau obligatare.

Ratele dobnzilor reale:

i=r+
L

UDWDGREkQ]LLQRPLQDOHVDXUDWDGHSLD

U

UDWDUHDO DGREkQ]LL

UDWDLQIOD LHL

'DF vQHFRQRPLHQXH[LVW LQIOD LHL

U

DGREkQ]LL

Rata dobnzii nete:

r* = i x
r*

 UDWD GREkQ]LL QHWH VDX UDWD GREkQ]LL QRPLQDOH GXS  SODWD

impozitului;
= procentul de taxare sau de impozitare.

Rata dobnzii pe termen lung ! rata dobnzii pe termen scurt

([SOLFD LL

SUHIHULQ DSHQWUXOLFKLGLWDWH
DQWLFLSDUHDXQHLSRVLELOHLQIOD LLVDXDXQXLERRPHFRQRPLF

oferta mai mare de capital pe termen scurt dect pe termen lung;

habitatul preferat FDUHSHQWUXDILDEDQGRQDWWUHEXLHV VHDVLJXUHRGREkQG

PDLPDUH

Caseta 12.53LD DHFRQRPLLORU

Rata dobnzii (d)
Rata randamentului (k)

Cererea de
economii

Oferta de
economii

I0

I1=S1

(FRQRPLLLQYHVWL LL

&XUED FHUHULL H[SULP  YROXPXO HFRQRPLLORU FHUXWH OD GLIHULWH UDWH DOH GREkQ]LL G 6H YRU UHDOL]D vQWkL
SURLHFWHOH GH LQYHVWL LL D F URU UHQWDELOLWDWH DQWLFLSDW  N HVWH FHD PDL ULGLFDW  L DSRL GDF  VH J VHVF
PLMORDFHOHGHILQDQ DUHYRUILVHOHF LRQDWHFHOHODOWHSURLHFWHvQRUGLQHDGHVFUHVF WRDUHDUHQWDELOLW

LL$VWIHOvQ

SXQFWXO $ VH UHDOL]HD]  LQYHVWL LL GH QLYHOXO YROXPXO ,0

.Pentru fiecare din proiectele respective, fiecare

LQYHVWLWRU DQWLFLSHD]  R UHQWDELOLWDWH D FDSLWDOXOXL FHO SX LQ HJDO  FX N0 ,QYHVWLWRULL VXQW GLVSXL V  vPSUXPXWH
EDQL GDF  UDWD GREkQ]LL QX GHS HWH U0

. DDF  UDWD GRE Q]LL HVWH PDL PLF  VH YD PHUJH SH FXUED cererii n jos
acceptndu-VH LQYHVWL LL SHQWUX FDUH UHQWDELOLWDWHD DWHSWDW  YD IL PDL PLF  2S LXQLOH LQYHVWLWRULORU VH H[SOLF 
prin:
LQIRUPD LLOHSHFDUHOHDXFXSULYLUHODWHKQLFLOHGHSURGXF LHH[LVWHQWH
modul n care ei fac previziunile;
cum aprecia] HLULVFXO

&XPVHMXVWLILF

7HRULLDOHIRU HORUUHDOH

dobnda ca venit

productivitatea capitalului IDFHSRVLELO H[LVWHQ DL

plata dobnzii;
deprecierea viitorului (fenomen psihologic) cauza
SO

LLXQHLGREkQ]LSHQWUXFUHGLWRU

DEVWLQHQ DVDXDWHSWDUHD

- care trebuie recompensate;

formarea valorii nou create din care o parte devine
GREkQG 

economisirea FDUHWUHEXLHLHDUHFRPSHQVDW 
cererea de capital FDUHQXSRDWHILVDWLVI FXW GHFkW
prin plata unei dobnzi.
Teorii monetariste
H[SOLFD LD.QXWWicksel H[FHVXOLUDULWDWHDEXQXULORU
H[SOLFD LD-0.H\QHV SUHIHULQ DSHQWUXOLFKLGLWDWHGLQ
PRWLYHGHWUDQ]DF LHSUHYHGHUHLVSHFXOD LH

,PSOLFD LLDOH

dinamicii dobnzii

Paritatea ratelor dobnzii(P) UDSRUWXOVDXGLIHUHQ D

dintre ratele dobQ]LLQRPLQDOHVDXUHDOHGLQGRX  UL
P = iA/iB sau P = iA-iB
iA
iB

UDWDGREkQ]LLvQ DUD$
UDWDGREkQ]LLvQ DUD%

&DSLWDOXO WLQGH VSUH DUD XQGH UDWD GREkQ]LL HVWH PDL PDUH VDX VH
DQWLFLSHD] F YDFUHWH

Atragerea capitalurilor

GLVSRQLELOH GLQ GLIHULWH

UL VSUH

DUD vQ FDUH UDSRUWXO FXUVXO GH VFKLPE DO PRQHGHL

QD LRQDOHFUHWH

Orientarea capitalurilor

GLVSRQLELOH VSUH LQYHVWL LL SH

GRPHQLL vQ IXQF LH GH UDSRUWXO GLQWUH UDWD GREkQ]LL L

UDQGDPHQWXOQHWDOLQYHVWL LHLUHVSHFWLY

e;

Stimularea sau inhibareaUHQXQ ULLGHF WUHSRSXOD LHOD

anumite consumuri curente pentru a spori capitalul
disponibil.

$SOLFD LH0RGHOGHUH]ROYDUH

1. Dobnda este:
a) GLIHUHQ DGLQWUHFUHGLWXODFRUGDWLFHOVROLFLWDW
b) comisionul pe care l percepe la intermedierea unui credit;
c) GLIHUHQ DGLQWUHVXPDUHVWLWXLW LFHDSULPLW VXEIRUP GHvPSUXPXW
5 VSXQV: c)
Rezolvare:SHQWUXF GREkQGDHVWHUHPXQHUDUHD factorului capital.
2.

6H HIHFWXHD]  XQ GHSR]LW EDQFDU OD WHUPHQ SHQWUX  DQL vQ VXP  GH  PLOLRQ XP FX R
UDW DQXDO DGREkQ]LLGH&DUHYDILP ULPHDDFHVWXLGHSR]LWGXS WUHLDQL"

VSXQV

1.728.000
Rezolvare: Folosim formula dobnzii compuse.
n

12.5. RENTA
RENTA N SENS LARG - YDORDUHD FRQWULEX LHL SH FDUH RDGXFHS PkQWXOVDX
alt bun imobiliar) n cadrul unei actLYLW L HFRQRPLFH L SH FDUH L-R vQVXHWH
proprietarul bunului respectiv.

9HQLWXO vQVXLW GH SURSULHWDUXO S PkQWXOXL SHVWH FHHD FH HO SULPHWH vQ

5HQWDIXQFLDU

PRG QRUPDO FD XUPDUH D IDSWXOXL F  RIHUWD DFHVWXL IDFWRU GH SURGXF LH

Premisele rentei
funciare

este imperfect elasWLF VDXLQHODVWLF 

a. &DUDFWHUXO OLPLWDW DO S PkQWXOXL ceea ce face ca oferta
DFHVWXLIDFWRUGHSURGXF LHV QXSRDW FUHWH

b. Impactul legii randamentelor descrescnde ceea ce face ca

VDWLVIDFHUHD QHYRLL GH SURGXVH DJULFROH V  LPSOLFH FUHWHUHD
VXSUDIH HORUFXOWLYDWH

c.

,QWHUDF LXQHD FHUHUH

 RIHUW   SUH . 'DF

 FHUHUHD GH SURGXVH

DJULFROH FUHWH vQ UDSRUW FX R RIHUW  GDW  SUH XO VH YD P UL L
SHQWUX F  RIHUWD GH SURGXVH DJULFROH QX SRDWH XUPD FUHWHUHD
FHUHULL L D SUH XOXL DFHVWD DWLQJH R P ULPH FDUH SHUPLWH
SURSULHWDUXOXLGHS PkQWUHQWDIXQFLDU 

5HQWDIXQFLDU

GLIHUHQ LDO

 GH SLD



productivitate mai mare.

Costurile mai mici ale produselor agricole de pe terenurile mai fertile

Sursa rentei

VDX PDL DSURSLDWH GH SLD

GLIHUHQ LDOH

 ID

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9
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7
6
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BIBLIOGRAFIE6(/(&7,9

Campbell,
R.McConnel
Stanley L.,Brue

Economics Principles, Problems and Policies, Thirteenth Edition,

McGraw Hill, INC, 1996

Gerard Thoris

La repartition des revenus, Editura Armand Colin, Paris, 1997

Lipsey, Richard G.
Cristal, K.Alec

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