Hard Tops and

Roofs

Structural Body
Part
 Spoiler

Floor Pans

Exterior Body Panel

 Door Panels

Grill

• Head
Rest
 Headliners

Instrumental
Panel
 Console
A Console is characterized by the ability to hold various articles such as food and
beverage containers, notepads, pens and other similar items, particularly in a
substantial horizontal position.

Materials Used for Making Consoles

Consoles are usually made of

• Plastic
• Vinyl

Types of Console
Different type of consoles are available for different purposes for vehicles like cars, trucks, SUVs, etc. Accordingly,
console can be of the following types:

• Floor consoles
• Dashboard consoles
• Overhead mounted consoles
• Seat mounted consoles

Console can also be upholstered to match a vehicle's interior trim.

Design of Consoles
Consoles are available in various designs and each console is manufactured in a way to exactly fit into the contours
of a particular model of vehicle. Thus, within each design category, many different shaped consoles are available.
Some of the designs of consoles are:

• Dashboard Pod
This is like a case that can be installed on top of the dash and is ideal for mounting a radio, CB extension
speaker, etc. Dash pods are finished in vinyl.
• Half Length Centre Floor Console
This console is placed under the dashboard and supplies maximum flat space. It is suitable for bench or
bucket seats. They are available for all transmission types, column shift, manual floor shift and automatic
floor shift.
• Full Length Centre Floor Console
This design is also available for all transmission types, column shift, manual floor shift and automatic floor
shift. They are also suitable for bench or bucket seats and provide maximum flat space. Also available for
vehicles with a handbrake between bucket and seats.
• Centre Floor Compartment
This is suitable for bucket seats only. They are also available for vehicles with a handbrake between the
bucket seats.
• Seat Mounted Consoles and Desks
This type of console has a universal designed shape and it fits all types of vehicle seat.
• Across Windscreen Full Facia Roof Console
It is mounted on the vehicle above the windscreen.
• Wide Style Centre Roof Console
This type of console is designed for vehicles with limited head room in front of the driver.
• There are also consoles available for carrying pets while traveling.
 Bull Bar
Bull bar is a device, which is fitted to the front of a vehicle to protect the vehicle
and its passengers from damage in a collision with another vehicle or an animal.
They are also commonly referred to as frontal protection bars. Bull bars add extra
front-end protection, maximum ground clearance and the perfect finishing touch to
a vehicle.

Materials used for making Bull Bars

Bull bars are usually made of materials that are strong, highly durable and carefully
engineered to provide better safety to a vehicle. At times they are also made of
welding two metals together. Materials commonly used for making bull bars are:

• Aluminium
• Steel
• Polycarbonate materials

Features of Bull Bar

Various features associated with bull bars are as follows:

• Easy auxiliary light mounting.

• Fits almost all type of vehicles.
• Includes skit plate and mount kit.
• Vary considerably in size and form.
• Rugged appearance adds to active lifestyles.
• Easy to install.

Uses of Bull Bar

There are various important uses of bull bars, which make them a very important exterior accessory. Some of them
are:

• Help protect vehicle's front end.

• Minimize damage to the vehicle in the event of collision with other vehicle or animals.
• Reduce possibility of the vehicle being immobilized as a result of minor accident.
• Protect radiator grille and areas without replacing the bumper bar.
• Improve appearance and value of the vehicle.
• Provide mounting points for winch, driving lights and communication aerials.
• Act as an effective platform for mounting and protecting off road recovery and communication equipments.
• Prevent vehicle deformation in case of accidents.
Door Sill Protector
Door sill protectors generally cover the small part of the sill left unprotected by the
stock sill guard. These protectors protect door sills from scratches and scuff marks.
They serve as an important exterior automobile accessory.

Materials used for making Door Sill Protectors

Door sill protectors are mainly made of highly durable materials. Some of the
materials required to make them are:

• Stainless Steel
• Aluminium
• ABS Plastic

Features of Door Sill Protectors

There are many features of door sill protectors. Some of the most common and popular key features are:

• Easy to install and no drilling is required.

• Available as complete sets of 2, 3 or 4 depending on specific vehicle application.
• Come with an easy to apply 3M acrylic adhesive foam tape.
• Available in various styles, shape and size.
• Include necessary hardware and instruction for easy installation.
• Fits into vehicle easily.

Types of Door Sill Protector

There are various types of door sill protectors available in the market. Depending on the type and make of the
vehicle, buyers choose different types. Some of the popularly used types include:

• Custom-molded type
• Multi piece type
• Universal type.

Door sill protectors come in various colours. Buyers purchase the right colour of the sill protector to match the colour
of their vehicles.

Uses of Door Sill Protector

Though door sill protectors are mainly used for protection of door sills and door frames, there are still several other
important uses of door sills. Some of the common uses are:

• Protects exposed painted door sills from dents and scratches during vehicle entry and exit.
• Helps retain the value of new vehicles and enhance older models.
• Protects door frame from scuff marks.
• Improves look of the area.
• Provides customized style to a vehicle.
Front End Masks
Front end masks, also called Bras are mainly used to protect the front end of the
vehicle, which takes the most abuse on the road. In most cases, they cover the
bumper area and the leading portion of hood area.

Materials used for making Front End Masks

Front end masks are usually made of materials that can withstand all type of
weather conditions. They should be highly durable as well. The most commonly
used materials are:

• Vinyl
• Polyester
• Aluminium

Features of Front End Mask

There are different quality features associated with front end masks, which makes it an important exterior automobile
accessory. Some of the features are:

• Protective air intake screens make an integral part of the mask, sewn into the outside that does not allow
any loose piece of material inside to damage the paint surface.
• Covered aluminium tabs allow adjustment at the fender wells.
• Air foils help to prevent flapping and lift, which damages the vehicle's paint.
• Use of micro perforated vinyl finish permits moisture vapour to evaporate when the vehicle is driven in wet
weather.
• Shields the radiator area in order to protect maximum possible front area of a vehicle.
• All front covers are custom-fitted for each vehicle, tough and weather resistant.
• Soft protective backing enables users to check for the right time to clean back side of the mask.
• Easy to install and requires no tools.
• Installation instructions guide through installation process.
• Available in many different patterns in the market.

Uses of Front End Mask

Front end mask is widely used in all vehicles. Some of its uses are:

• Provides complete front end protection.

• Provides easy hood access depending on vehicle's model.
• Protects vehicle from all weather conditions and common road hazards.
• Prevents aging and cracking from UV rays.
• Removes trapped moisture that damage vehicle's paint finish.
• Adds sporty look to a vehicle.
• Car bras are made to always protect the perfect finish of the vehicle and mask any existing damage.
Luggage Carrier/Roof Rack
A luggage carrier or roof rack is a carrier for holding luggage, suitcases & bags
and other bulky items on top of a car or a vehicle. Luggage carrier attached to any
vehicle provides transportation solution to people enthusiastic to travel and
transport goods safely, easily and in style. These carriers usually consist of a flat
surface, which helps to carry goods across long distances.

Materials used for making Luggage Carrier

Luggage carriers are usually made of incredibly durable materials and are designed
in a specific manner to fit the dimensions of each vehicle application. The raw
materials used to make luggage carriers and roof racks are:

• Aluminium
• Stainless steel
• High density plastic
• Black Powder

Features of Luggage Carrier

• Roof racks or carriers are designed with raised edges and textured surfaces to provide a tight grip for goods
that may otherwise slide down the sides.
• Cargo boxes are also provided with locking facility to ensure better security of goods.
• Almost all luggage carriers are made of materials that are resistant to rust, scratches and vibration.

Variety of Roof Racks and Luggage Carrier

Roof racks are available in various types, designs and sizes depending on quantity of goods to be transported.
Different manufacturers offer car roofs or carriers with different designs depending upon size of the vehicle and
specific requirements.

Uses of Luggage Carrier and Roof Rack

The usage of roof racks vary depending on the type and size of goods to be carried. Manufacturers design car rack
for many applications. Some uses of roof racks are:

• Roof racks designed with bars and carriers are used for carrying bikes, skis and water sport accessories for
cars and vehicles.
• Roof racks consisting of luggage trays, racks and accessories are used for carrying flat objects.
• Some racks are designed for transporting sport-related automotive accessories.
Mud flap
Mud flap, commonly referred to as mud guard or Splash guard is a plastic flap, a
metal or a rubber shield that attaches directly behind a tire of wheels and trucks.
They play an important role in keeping objects away from car's or vehicle's body.

Materials used for making Mud Flap:

Mud flaps are usually made of durable and heavy duty materials. Some of the
commonly used materials for making mud flaps are:

• Polymer materials
• Rubber
• Stainless steel
• Aluminium
• Plastic

Types of Mud Flap

There are various types of mud flaps or mud guards available depending on the size and type of vehicle. Some of
them include:

• Molded flexible mud flaps

• Diamond plate mud flaps
• Super wide dual mud flaps
• Front mud flaps
• Rear mud flaps

Mud Flap accessories

Mud guards come in a package of several items. It consists of the following :

• Mounting brackets
• Bottom weights
• Installation hardware

Features of Mud Flap

Mud flaps serve as an essential exterior car accessory. Various features of mud guards are:

• Great looking, functional and easy to install.

• Easily fit into any machinery.
• Available in several sizes.
• Mud guards are vehicle-specific.

Uses of Mud Flap

The important uses of a mud flap are:

• Rejects the everyday mess generated by car tires.

• Keeps away mud, snow, slush and road debris contained within the vehicle's wheel.
• Protect sides of the vehicle from rock chips and help keep the vehicle clean from mud and tar.
 • Prevents paint damage and rust problem of cars.
• Helps in deflecting excessive rain water.
• Protect vehicles from continuous barrage of grip kicked up from the road.
• Helps keep the vehicle clean and retain original look.
• Splash guards accent the lines of car or vehicles.
• Improves car's performance.
• Adds style and protection to a vehicle.
• Provides durability and longevity to the vehicle's wheel.

Spoiler
Spoiler in a car consists of a styled piece of fiberglass which enhances the
aerodynamics of the car. Style, design and color of a spoiler varies greatly to
match the distinct features of different car types. Spoiler wings come in many
different shapes and sizes. There are loads of spoilers available in the market.

Types of Spoiler

Depending on their usage, spoilers are available in various types. Some of the
types are:

• Air dam mounted on the front portion of the vehicle and are positioned
under the front bumper of a car.
• Rear spoiler or wing, mounted on top of a car's trunklid.
• Tailgate spoilers
• Truck cap spoilers
• Tonneau cover spoilers
• Cab spoilers
• Rear window spoilers
• High hoop spoilers
• Small lip spoilers

Materials used for making Spoilers

All spoilers are made of the highest grade materials. Some of the most commonly used ones are:

• Fiberglass
• Light Weight Steel
• Polyurethane
• Aluminium

Spoiler accessories

Spoilers are mostly supplied with full fitting kit and installation of spoiler is quite easy. Generally, spoilers consist of
the following parts:

• Sealing gaskets
• Washers
• Mounting Bolts
 • Light Emitting Diode (LED)
• Instruction guide and mounting hardware for spoiler installation.

Thus, spoilers form an integral part of car accessories and selection of the right kind of spoiler for a particular vehicle
is very important.

Uses of Spoiler

Spoilers are mainly designed to effect aerodynamics of vehicles. Various uses of spoiler are:

• Serves as car performance part.

• Renews look and style of a car.
• Produces downward force on the car.
• Increases greater grip over road to avoid slipping especially at increased speeds.
• Produces greater traction and firmness
• Produces pickup.
• Meant for racing applications.
• Imparts cool and sporty look.
• Keeps rain off the rear window of the car.

Windshield
Windshield or windscreen of an automobile is the front window that stretches from
the driver's side to the passenger's side. Modern automobiles have stationary
windshields, securely attached to a weather-strip rubber. There are inner and outer
groves in the rubber that holds the windshield glass and the surrounding metal rim
respectively.

Materials used for making Windshield

Modern windshields are generally made of laminated safety glass consisting of two
curved sheets of glass with a plastic layer laminated between them for safety and
glued into the window frame. Usually such material is chosen for windshields that
are safe and durable. Care is also taken that in case of collision, the glass
breakage causes no harm to the passengers sitting on the front sit. The basic
materials used for making windshields are:

• Acrylic plastic
• Tinted glass

Specification of Windshield
Windshields are available in various designs, shape and in various price ranges depending on the make of the
automobile and its size. Buyers choose the right one for their vehicle from the wide variety available in the market.

Uses of Windshield
The important use of windshields are:

• Serve as an effective safety measure.

• Protect the vehicle's occupants from wind, temperature extremes, precipitation and flying debris such as
dust particles, insects and rocks.
• Provide protection in case of a roll-over accident in a vehicle.
 • Provides resistance to thermal shocks in case of breakage.

Windshield Wiper Blades

Windshield wiper blade is a very important item on a vehicle as it helps to get a
clear vision while driving. Wiper blades are like squeegees. Arms of the wiper drag
a thin rubber strip across the windshield to clear away the water.

Materials used for making Windshield Wiper Blades

Wiper blades are usually made of materials that can wipe the windshield more
clearly thereby enhancing clarity of vision.

Generally, windshield wiper blades are made of natural rubber. Some windshield
wiper blades are also made of mixing rubber with some other compounds like
silicone for better strength, resistance to extreme climatic conditions and durability.

Design of Windshield Wiper Blades:

Most of the vehicles have same type of wiper design though there are some exceptions. Most vehicles have two
wiper blades that move together to clean the windshield. One of the blades mount from a point to the driver's side of
the vehicle and the other mounts from near the middle of the windshield.

The wiper blade should be supported in such a way that even pressure is distributed from all the sides against the
windshield.

Wiper blades are generally designed to attach in a single point in the middle, but a sequence of arms branch out from
the middle, so the blade is actually connected in six to eight places.

There are different wiper blade schemes used by various vehicles. Some of common designs are:

• Cars using single wiper arm that extends and retracts while seeping across the window.
• Some cars use wiper blades mounted on opposite sides of the windshield and move in opposite direction.
• Cars having single wiper pivoted in the middle.
• Wiper blades usually comes with universal adapters.

Windshield Wipers and Washers

Mainly used for wiping off the water or water droplets or dust from the windshields,
Windshield Wipers serve as an important safety measure while driving in adverse
weather conditions. Windshields are an integral part of car design and proper care
must be taken of the glass and the wiper to ensure better visibility while driving.

Wipers are usually provided with electric motors, which are multiple speed units,
with delayed intermittent units used as options. A delayed or intermittent wiper
control is used in a mist or light drizzle when wipers are not used continually.
Depending on the manufacturer, a vehicle may have multiple or adjustable settings
that allow the driver to better control the wiper delay as required for the weather condition.

Materials used for making Windshield Wipers

Wipers are usually made of materials that can offer greater efficiency and better durability. Materials used for making
wipers are:

• Rubber
• Galvanized Steel

Features of Windshield Wipers

Various features of windshield wipers are as follows:

• Designs are universal, which suit most vehicles.

• Easy to install.

Variety of Windshield Wipers

There are many models of wipers available in the market. Most models are fitted with double rubber blades, flexible
frames and adjustable shafts. There are some rain detecting wipers mounted with optical sensors.

Windshield washers are mainly used to spray washing fluid to the windshield to provide better visibility while driving.

Windshield washers are installed in different cars in different ways. Some of the examples are:

• In modern models of car, washers are operated by electric motors, either mounted separately or mounted in
combination with wiper motor.
• In certain models of cars, washer nozzles are set on the wiper arms, which distributes the fluid spray over
the windshield.
• In some types, washers are activated in such a way that wipers start and stop automatically after a pre set
time.
• There are some models of vehicles, where wipers are controlled manually.

Auto Dimming Mirror

Auto-dimming safety mirrors help make night driving more enjoyable and add to
safety by detecting headlight blaze from rearward approaching vehicles and
automatically switching to a dimmed setting. The inside rear-view mirror is one of
the most important piece of safety equipment of a vehicle and are attached only to
windshields.

Working principle of Auto Dimming Mirror

To reduce reflected light and reduce glare, this type of mirror uses an
electrochromic process that utilizes electric current to temporarily darken the
reflecting surface of the mirror when a rear-facing sensor detects blaze from
following vehicles. The brighter the light striking the sensor, the more the mirror
darkens.

Features of Auto Dimming Mirror:

There are several important features associated with auto dimming mirrors. Some of the features which makes their
use a must are:
 • Built-in special features like compass, temperature indicator and map lights help drivers to customize the
mirror and keep only the features required by them.
• The electronic compass shows the direction the vehicle is heading in a digital display attached above the
mirror.
• The outside temperature indicator provides driver with a temperature reading. This special feature warns the
driver to anticipate road-icing conditions.

Accessories required for installation:

Installation of auto dimming mirror is simple but requires some wiring and electrical connections. Following
accessories are usually required for installation of the mirror:

• Auto dimming mirror installation kit, including wiring harness and probe
• Screwdriver
• Wire cutter
• Crimping tool

Benefits of Auto Dimming Mirrors:

These mirrors are extremely important for safer night driving and for protection of eyes. Some other benefits of using
auto dimming mirrors are as follows:

• Act as an safety equipment.

• Help detect and eliminate headlight blaze from backward-approaching vehicles.
• Reduce vision clutter and preserve driver vision.
• Protect eyes from high beam halogen headlights.