RENEWABLEENERGYSOURCES

Shivam Nagar

CONTENTS
1. Introduction 2. Windenergy 3. Solarenergy

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INTRODUCTION
1. 2. RenewableenergyAny naturally occurring, theoretically inexhaustible source of energy Characteristics Itexistsperpetuallyandinabundantintheenvironment Readytobeharnessed,inexhaustible Itisacleanalternativetofossilfuels

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INTRODUCTION

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INTRODUCTION
MajorRenewableEnergySources 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.
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HydroEnergy WindEnergy SolarEnergy BiomassEnergy TidalEnergy GeothermalEnergy WaveEnergy Biofuel Bagasse

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Presentinstalledcapacitiesof renewableenergysourcesinIndia
Renewableenergysource Wind Smallhydro Biomasspower Bagassecogeneration Waste topower Solar Total Installedcapacityupto31.07.2013 19661.15 3706.75 1264.80 2337.43 96.08 1839 28905.21

CapacitiesinMW Source:MinistryofNew&RenewableEnergySources(MNRE)
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WindEnergy Technology
Differentialheatingoftheearthssurfaceand atmosphereinducesverticalandhorizontalair currentsthatareaffectedbytheearths rotationandcontoursofthelandand generatesWIND Awindturbineobtainsitspowerinputby convertingtheforceofthewindintoatorque (turningforce) actingontherotorblades Theamountofenergywhichthewind transferstotherotordependsonthedensity oftheair,therotorarea,andthewindspeed PLFofWindFarmisnormallyintherangeof 20%to30% dependinguponthesite conditionsandWTGrating P = 0.5 X X A X V3

P Power Air Density (kg/m3) A Blade Area -turbine (m2) V Wind velocity (m/s)

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WindEnergy Technology
MajorComponentsofWindTurbine

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WindEnergy PresentScenario
WindPower Fastestgrowing renewable energysource Globally,itgrewattheaveragerateof24% pa overthepast10years. WhileinIndiaitgrewattheaveragerateof 33% overthepast9years. Presently,Indiaisranked5th intheworld in termsofWindEnergyInstalledCapacity Driversofgrowth EnvironmentalAwarenessandSustainable Development GrowingGlobalEnergyDemand ImprovingCompetitivenessofrenewable energy SecurityofSupplyConcerns NewMarkets(e.g.India,Chinaetc) CarbonTrading FiscalBenefitsbyGovt.
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SolarEnergy Technology
1. SolarpowerisbyfartheEarth'smostavailable energysource,easilycapableofprovidingmany times thetotalcurrentenergydemand 2. Solarpoweristheconversionofsunlightintoelectricity 3. Twomaincommercialwaysofconversionofsunlightintoelectricity I. II. ConcentratingSolarThermalPlant(CSP) PhotovoltaicPlants(PV)

4. CSPandPVbothhavetheirmarkets.PVisverysuccessfulindecentralized applications,whereasCSP offersadvantagesforcentralandlargescale applications.CSPpowerplantsarethemostcost efficient waytogenerateandtostoredispatchableCO2freeelectricity.However,thereisno competitionbetweenboth.Rather,theyhavetobeseenascomplementarytechnologies. 5. PLFofCSP Intherangeof20%to30% PLFofPV Intherangeof15%to20%

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SolarEnergy Technology
ConcentratingSolarThermalPlant(CSP) Itcontains; CollectorField Turbine Generator CoolingTower Transformer

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SolarEnergy Technology
SolarPhotovoltaicPlants(PV) Itcontains; SolarArrays Inverter Transformer

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SolarEnergy Technology
1. InbothCSPandPVtechnologies,solarresources playsmajorrole 2. Mapsareavailabletocalculatesolarresourceofaparticularregion.However,forbothCSPandPV technologiesdifferentsolarradiations aretakenintoaccount 3. Basicallytwotypesofsolarradiationsarethere; A. GlobalHorizontalirradiations(GHI) B. DirectNormalIrradiation(DNI) I. ForPVtechnologiesGHI isconsidered.GHIconsistsofdiffuseradiationsanddirecthorizontal radiations(beam) MinimumGHI 1000kwh/m2 pa ForCSP,DNI isconsidered.DNI istheamountofradiationreceivedby asurfacewhichispermanentlyaligned perpendiculartotheincomingbeam MinimumDNI 1900kwh/m2 pa

II.

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SolarEnergy CurrentScenario
1. TheamountofsolarenergyproducedinIndiain2007waslessthan1%ofthetotal energydemand 2. ThegridinteractivesolarpowerasofDecember 2010wasmerely10 MW 3. GovernmentfundedsolarenergyinIndiaonlyaccountedforapproximately 6.4 MWyrofpowerasof2005 4. 25.1MWwasaddedin2010and468.3MWin2011 5. BytheendofJuly2013theinstalledgridconnectedphotovoltaichadincreasedto 1839MW 6. Indiaexpectstoinstallanadditional10,000MWby2017,andatotalof20,000MW by2022
Source:Wikipedia

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